TW200814811A - Wireless device discovery in a wireless peer-to-peer network - Google Patents

Wireless device discovery in a wireless peer-to-peer network Download PDF

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TW200814811A
TW200814811A TW096101103A TW96101103A TW200814811A TW 200814811 A TW200814811 A TW 200814811A TW 096101103 A TW096101103 A TW 096101103A TW 96101103 A TW96101103 A TW 96101103A TW 200814811 A TW200814811 A TW 200814811A
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peer
signal
interval
identifier
sequence
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TW096101103A
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TWI351196B (en
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Rajiv Laroia
Xin-Zhou Wu
jun-yi Li
Aleksandar Jovicic
Thomas Richardson
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Qualcomm Flarion Tech
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
    • H04W40/244—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update using a network of reference devices, e.g. beaconing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0016—Time-frequency-code
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/261—Details of reference signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0032—Distributed allocation, i.e. involving a plurality of allocating devices, each making partial allocation
    • H04L5/0035—Resource allocation in a cooperative multipoint environment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/16—Performing reselection for specific purposes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/20—Selecting an access point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
    • H04W52/0229—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/02—Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/005—Discovery of network devices, e.g. terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H04W88/10—Access point devices adapted for operation in multiple networks, e.g. multi-mode access points
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02—Details
    • H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
    • H04J3/0602—Systems characterised by the synchronising information used
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/04—Error control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/18—Negotiating wireless communication parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/16—Discovering, processing access restriction or access information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/14—Direct-mode setup
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/042—Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/04—Terminal devices adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
  • Communication Control (AREA)
  • Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
  • Noise Elimination (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)
  • Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
  • Motorcycle And Bicycle Frame (AREA)
  • Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Telephone Function (AREA)
  • Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Description

200814811 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 下文說明概言之係關於無線通信，且更具體而言係關於 使一點對點網路中之各對等裝置能夠相互發現及識別。 【先前技術】 無線通信系統廣泛部署用於提供各種類型之通信，例 如’可藉由此等無線通信系統提供語音及/或資料。典型 之無線通#系統或網路可為多個使用者提供對一個或多個 n *用資源之存取。例如，—系統可使用眾多種多重存取技 術’例如分頻多工(FDM)、分時多工(tdm)、分碼多工 (CDM)、正交分頻多工（〇FDM)等等。 常見之無線通信系統採用一個或多個提供一覆蓋區域之 典型之基地台可為廣播、多播及/或單播服務 個賢料流…資料流可係-無線終端機可有興趣
CJ ==資料流。此種基地台之覆蓋區域内之行動終: =用二接收由複合流所載送之一個或多於—個； :;輸：:一無線終端機可向該基地台或另-無線終: 而，無線頻譜係-種昂責且寶貴之資；，送資料。丨 要在無線頻諸之-部分上（例如在所許、可= 列而言，一 無線通信系統之公司可承擔相當大之成:之頻譜内)運作 ::…低之效率利用無線頻譜—：二統 明’分配给廣域網路蜂巢式通信之頻/見的圖解 曰 吊不能在時間 117860.doc 200814811 空間上得到均勾利用，·因此’在—既定地理位置中或在一 既定時間間隔中可能有-相當大的頻譜子集得不到利用。
U 根據另-實例，無線通信系統常常採用點對點或專門 (ad hoe)架構’藉以使—無線、终端機可將㈣直接傳送至 另-無線終端機。因此，信號不需要穿越基地台；而是， 處於彼此錢内之各錢終端機可直接發現對方及/或與 對方進仃通^。然而’傳統之點對點網路通常以異步方式 運作，藉以使各對等裝置可在—特定時刻執行不同之任 務。因此，各對等裝置可能會遇到與識別及/或與處於範 圍以内之不同對等裝置進行通信相關之關，功率利用效 率可能低下等等。 【發明内容】 a下讀供對-個或多個實施例之簡要概述，以達成對此 等貝“之基本瞭解。该概述並非係對所有所涵蓋實施例 之廣泛概$ j_既不打算表示所有實施例之關鍵或緊要元 件、：不打算界定任何或所有實施例之範疇。其唯-目的 係以間要形式提供—個或多個實施例之某些概念來作為下 文所提供之更詳細說明之前序。 根據-個或多個實施例及其對應揭示内容，在促進在一 ί域點對㈣路中偵測及/或識別對等裝置方面閣述各種 ^樣可將在各對等|置之間執行相互㈣及識別之時間 :步化(例如根據-廣播至各對等裝置之信號)。此外，在 =所劃分之對等裝置發現間隔内，―無線終端機可選擇 卩刀時間來傳輸（例如廣播）短訊息，該等短訊息可由各 117860.doc 200814811 對等裝置用於偵測及/或識別該無線終端機。此外，該所 劃分對等裝置發現間隔内之其餘時間可用於收聽自對等裝 置接收之短訊息。 根據相關態樣，在本文中說明一種在一點對點網路中操 作一第一無線終端機之方法。該方法可包括自一信號源接 收一第一信號，其中該信號源係一基地台、一存取節點、 或者一 GPS衛星中之至少一者。此外，該方法可包括根據 該所接收第一信號來確定一第一對等裝置發現間隔序列之 時間位置。 另一態樣係關於一種無線通信設備。該無線通信設備可 包括一記憶體，該記憶體用於保持與如下相關之指令：自 一 h號源獲得一弟一信號及根據該所獲得之第一信號來識 別一第一對等裝置發現間隔序列之時間位置。此外，該無 線通信設備可包括一耦接至該記憶體之處理器，其經組態 以執行保持於該記憶體中之該等指令。 再一態樣係關於一種無線通信設備，其能夠在一點對點 網路中達成用於發現對等裝置之時間週期之同步化。該無 線通信設備可包括：接收構件，其用於自一信號源接收一 第一信號；及定位構件，其用於根據該第一信號來定位一 第一對等裝置發現間隔序列之時間位置。 又一悲樣係關於一種機器可讀媒體，其上面儲存有用於 如下之機器可執行指令：自一基地台獲得一第一信號，及 根據該所獲得之第一信號來確定一對等裝置發現間隔序列 之時間位置，根據該所獲得之信號將該序列與一點對點網 117860.doc 200814811 路中各對等裝置之不同序列同步化。 根據另一態樣，一種於一無線通信系統中之設備可勹括 一處理器，其中該處理器可經組態以自一基地a嫿# 土 ^ 口復传一週 期性信號。另外，該處理器可經組態以根據該所獲得之週 期性信號來識別一對等裝置發現間隔之時間位置， /、中該 對等裝置發現間隔序列在一點對點網路中之各對等裝置之 間同步化。 為達成上述及相關目的，該一個或多個實施例包含多個 在下文中將全面說明並在申請專利範圍中特別指出之特 被。下文說明及附圖詳細描述了該一個或多個實施例之某 些例示性態樣。然而，該等態樣僅表示各種可利用各實施 例原理之方式中的幾種且該等所述實施例旨在包括所有此 等態樣及其等效物。 【實施方式】 現在參照該等圖式來說明各個實施例，在所有圖式中使 用相同之參考編號來指代相同之元件。在下文說明中，為 便於解釋，闡述了諸多具體細節以便達成對一個或多個實 施例之透徹瞭解。然而，顯而易見，可在沒有此等具體細 節之情形下實施此等實施例。在其他實例中，以方塊圖形 式員示眾所周知之結構和裝置，以便利於說明一個或多個 實施例。 本申吻案中所用術語"組件”、，，模組”、，，系統"及類似術 浯曰在指一與電腦相關之實體，其既可係硬體、韌體、硬 體與軟體之組合、軟體、亦可係執行中之軟體。舉例而 117860.doc 200814811 言’一組件可係（但不限於）一於一處理 ⑭上執行之方法、 -處理器、一物件、一可執行檔、一執行線程、、 及/或一電腦。舉例而言，一執行於— ,L 裝置上之應用 程式及該裝置自身二者皆可係一組件。一 個或多個組件可 駐存於一方法及/或一執行線内，且_ '、、件可偈限於一個 电腦上及/或分散於兩個或更多個電腦之間。此外，該等 組件可自各種上面儲存有各種資料結構之電腦可讀媒體上 r·'
執行。該等組件可藉由本端及/或遠端過程來進行通信， 例如根據-具有一個或多個資料封包之信號來進行通信 (例如，纟自一個與一本端系統、分散式系統中之另一組 件互動、及/或藉由信號跨越一網路（例如網際網路）與其他 系統互動之組件之資料）。 此外，在本文中結合無線終端機來說明各實施例。盔線 終端機亦可稱作一系統、用戶單元、用戶台、行動台、行 動為件、订動裝置、遠端站臺、遠端終端機、存取終端 機、使用者終端機、終端機、無線通信裝置、使用者代 理、使用者裝置或使用者設備（UE)。無線終端機可係一蜂 粟式電話、無繩電話、對話啟動協定（SIP)電話、無線局部 迴路（WLL)台、個人數位助理（pDA)、具彳無線連接能力 之手持式裝置、計算裝置、或者其他連接至—無線數據機 之處理裝置。此外’在本文中結合基地台來說明各種實施 J基地σ 了用於與無線終端機進行通信並亦可稱作一存 取點、節點Β、或某種其他術語。 此外’可使用標準之程式化及/或工程設計技術將本文 117860.doc 200814811 所述之各種態樣或特徵構建為一種方法、設備或製品。本 文所用術°口製品"意欲囊括可自任一電腦可讀裝置、載體 或媒體存取之電腦裎放。與点丨 ^ 句杠式舉例而$，電腦可讀媒體可包括 (但不限於）磁性儲存裝置（例如硬則、軟磁碟、磁條等 等）、光碟（例如光碟（CD)、數位多功能光碟（DVD)等等）、 智慧卡、及快閃記憶體裝置(例如_m、卡、棒、口袋 式保密磁碟等等）〇戎去，士 + &^ ^ - 本文所迷之各種儲存媒體可代 η 表-個或多個用於儲存資訊之裝置及/或其他機器可讀媒 體。術語"機器可讀媒體"可包括但不限於無線頻道及能夠 儲存、包含及/或載送指令及/或資料之各種其他媒體。 現在參照圖！，圖中圖解闡釋一根據本文所提供各實施 例之無線通信系統100。系統⑽可包括—個或多個無線終 端機102。儘管圖中繪示兩個無線終端機1〇2，然而應瞭 解’系統100可實質上包括任意數量之無線終端機⑽。無 線終端機102可係（例如）蜂巢式電話、智慧型電話、膝上型 電腦、手持式通信裝置、手持式計算裝置、衛星無線電、 全球定位系統、PDA、及/或任何其他適於在無線通信系統 1 〇〇上進行通彳„之裝置。無線終端機丨02可藉由一區域點對 點（P2P)網路（例如專用網路）直接進行相互通信。可藉由直 接在各無線終端機102之間傳送信號來實施點對點通信； 因此，信號不需要穿過一基地台（例如基地台1〇4)。點對點 網路可提供短程、高資料傳輸率通信（例如在家庭、辦公 室等類型之背景内）。 此外，系統100可支援一廣域網路（WAN)。系統1〇〇可包 117860.doc 200814811 括一基地台1〇4(例如存取點）及/或位於一個或多個扇區中 之任意數量之不同基地台（未顯示），該等基地台相互之間 及/或向一個或多個無線終端機1〇2進行無線通信信號接 收、傳輸、中繼等等。基地台1〇4可包括一發射機鏈及一 接收機鏈’熟習此項技術者將瞭解，其中每一者皆可又包 括複數個與信號傳輸及接收相關聯之組件（例如處理器、 調變器、多工器、解調器、解多工器、天線、…）。無線 終端機102可在藉由系統1〇〇所支援之廣域基礎結構網路進 行通信時向基地台1〇4發射信號及/或自基地台1〇4接收信 號。 各無線終端機1 〇2之間的點對點通信可同步。舉例而 a ’無線終端機1 〇2可利用一共同時鐘基準來使不同功能 之執行同步化。無線終端機102可自基地台1〇4(及/或一提 供較少功能之發射機（未顯示））獲得定時信號，以用於使各 無線終端機102之運作同步化。無線終端機1〇2可自例如 GPS衛星等其他源獲得定時信號。根據一例示，可在一點 對點網路中為例如對等裝置發現、傳呼、及訊務等功能合 理地劃分時間。此外，預期每一點對點網路皆可設定其自 身之時間。 在可在一點對點網路中進行通信之前，無線終端機 102(例如對等裝置）可相互偵測及識別對方。用以在各對等 裝置之間進行此種相互偵測及識別之過程可稱作對等裝置 發現。系統100可藉由使想要建立點對點通信之對等裝置 週J〖生地傳輸短訊息並收聽其他對等裝置之傳輸來支援對 117860.doc -12- 200814811 等裝置發現。 可在稱作對等裝置發現間隔之規定時間期間週期性地進 行用於對等裝置發現之傳輸，該等對等裝置發現間隔之定 時可由一協定預先確定且為無線終端機102所已知。可將 各對等裝置同步化至一共同時鐘基準。舉例而言，無線終 端機102可將來自定位於本地之基地台1〇4之少量廣播資訊 解碼。@步化可纟許一％定地理位置中之各對等裝置辨別 每一發現間隔之開始及結束。 P區域點對點網路及廣域網路可共用一共同無線頻譜來實 施通信；因此，可共用頻寬來藉由不同類型之網路傳送資 料。舉例而言，點對點網路與廣域網路二者皆可在所許可 之頻譜上進行通信。然而，點對點通信無需利用廣域網路 基礎結構。 現在參見圖2 ,其圖解說明一在點對點網路中使各無線 終端機之間之通信同步化之系統2〇〇。系統2〇〇包括一無線 終端機202，終端機202可直接與實質上任意數量之不同無 線終端機（例如不同之無線終端機1 2〇4，…，不同之無線 終端機X 206，其中X可為任一整數）進行通信。儘管下文 提供關於無線終端機202之更多細節，然而應瞭解，此等 圖解說明亦可同樣地適用於不同之無線終端機2〇4_2〇6。 無線終端機202可進一步包括一同步化器2〇8，其使無線 終端機202與不同無線終端機204-206之間之定時一致。同 步化器208可自一共同時鐘基準獲得其定時。不同無線終 端機204-206之類似同步化器（未顯示）可自同一共同時鐘基 117860.doc -13- 200814811 準獲得其各自之定4 、 卜，同步化器208可利用一預定 η υ 協定來評價該共同時鐘基準，以識別要在與該共同時鐘基 準相關聯之時間（例如當前時間）實施之功能類型。因此， 舉例而f，同步化器208及不同無線終端機2〇4_2〇6之類似 5 γ器可確定出可將自_共同時鐘基準識別出的一時間 週期用於對等裝置發現、傳呼、或訊務中之一者。即便無 線終端機2G2-2G6尚未直接進行相互通信，對於同步化器 208與不同無線終端機2()4韻之類似同步化器（未顯示）而 言，所識別出之時間週期亦將大體相同或相似。 同步化器2〇8所用之共同時鐘基準可係來自位於無線終 端機202及不同無線終端機2〇4_2〇6附近之基地台（未顯示） 之廣播貝汛。另一共同時鐘基準可包含（}1>8衛星信號。舉 例而口，廣播資汛可係一信標、一 pN(偽隨機）序列信號、 一導頻信號或其他廣播信號。進一步，可自基地台週期性 地接收廣播信號。此外，可由同步化器208根據廣播信號 來確疋定時資訊。舉例而言，無線終端機202及不同無線 終端機204-206可接收並同步至同一廣播信號，且因此具 有對時間之共同理解。可利用此種對時間之共同概念根據 由二中’丨面協疋所界疋之預定圖案將一時間線劃分成用於 每一功能類型（例如對等裝置發現、傳呼、訊務）之不同週 期0 另外，無線終端機202可包括一對等裝置發現通信器 21〇，其在由同步化器208所決定之對等裝置發現間隔期間 執行對等裝置發現。對等裝置發現通信器21〇可進一步包 117860.doc -14- 200814811 括一信號廣播器212及一對等裝置偵測器214。信號廣播器 2 12可在對等裝置發現間隔之第一部分中向不同無線終端 機204-206傳輸一訊息，以使不同無線終端機2〇4_2〇6能夠 偵測及識別無線終端機202。此外，在對等裝置發現間隔 之第二部分中，對等裝置偵測器214可接收自不同無線終 端機204-206所發送之訊息；對等裝置偵測器214可分析該 (該等）所接收訊息，以偵測及識別該（該等）訊息所對應之 不同無線終端機204-206。在某些實施例中，對等裝置發 現間隔之第一部分與第二部分在時間上可不相交疊。進一 步’可在對等裝置發現間隔之第一部分與第二部分之間預 留一發射/接收交換防護時間。 舉例而a ’無線終端機202可進入一包含不同無線終端 機1 204及不同無線終端機X 206之點對點網路。在進入該 網路之後，同步化器208可確定與點對點通信相關聯之定 時（例如根據一所接收之共同時鐘基準來確定）。進一步， 在一為對等裝置發現所劃分之時刻，信號廣播器212可將 一#號廣播至範圍内之各不同無線終端機（例如不同無線 終端機204_206)。該信號可由不同無線終端機2〇4_2〇6用於 偵測無線終端機202已進入該網路及/或確定無線終端機 202之身份。此外，對等裝置偵測器214可自不同無線終端 機204-206獲得廣播信號。對等裝置偵測器214可分析所獲 知之信號，以偵測不同無線終端機2〇4 — 2〇6及/或識別不同 無線終端機204-206。 對等裝置發現通信器210所實施之對等裝置發現可係被 117860.doc •15- 200814811 動的。進一步’對等裝置發現可係對稱的；因此，無線終 端機202可偵測及識別不同無線終端機1 2〇4,而不同無線 終端機1 204可偵測及識別無線終端機2〇2。然而，亦涵蓋 如下情形：一第一無線終端機可偵測及識別一第二無線終 端機，但第二無線終端機可能不能偵測及識別第一無線終 端機。此外，所界定之用於對等裝置發現之時間間隔可遠 短於對等裝置發現間隔之間之時間。另外，一旦進行债測 及識別，便可（但未必一定）實施無線終端機2〇2與不同無線 終端機204-206之間之進一步通信（例如傳呼、訊務）。 參見圖3，其圖解說明一由在點對點環境内進行通信之 同步化對等裝置所利用之實例性定時圖3〇〇。可藉由用於 對等裝置發現之間隔以及用於不同功能（例如傳呼及通信 訊務）之間隔來劃分定時圖300。如上文所述，可根據一共 同時鐘基準來使各對等裝置相互同步；因此，各對等裝置 可具有對定時圖300之共同概念。圖中圖解說明對等裝置 發現間隔302。每一對等裝置發現間隔3〇2皆可具有一持續 時間τ0。對等裝置發現間隔3〇2可專用於偵測及識別對等 裝置。此外，各對等裝置發現間隔3〇2之間之時間可為 Τ!。在相鄰對等裝置發現間隔3〇2之間之Τι期間可包含任 ，數里之傳呼及/或訊務間隔。舉例而言，當終端機在對 等裝置發現間隔中未找到任何對等裝置或者未找到任何所 關心之對等裝置時，終端機可在Μ隔期間變換至睡眠模 式（例如以便省電）。 、 為對專裳置發現所分配之時間量可係總時間中一較小之 117860.doc -16 - 200814811 比例。例如，對等裝置發現間隔之間之時間（Τι)可較為每 一對等裝置發現間隔302所分配之時間（τ〇)大至少5倍。根 據另一實例’ Ti對τ〇之比率可係10，50，1〇〇，2〇〇， 300，等等。根據再一實例，對等裝置發現間隔302之持續 打間T〇可約為2 ms左右（例如約1〇 ms，5〇 ms，…）。再舉 例而言，對等裝置發現間隔之間之時間乃可約為幾秒鐘或 1分鐘左右。為對等裝置發現分配總時間之一小部分會有 、 效地利用功率，乃因在各對等裝置發現間隔302之間之時 I 間Tl期間，不參與通信傳呼及/或訊務之對等裝置可進行 睡眠狀態。 參見圖4，其圖解說明一對等裝置發現間隔之實例性定 時圖400。對等裝置發現間隔可包含若干個使一無線終端 機可在其間廣播信號之可能傳輸時間。舉例而言，對等裝 置發現間隔可包含N個符號（例如〇FDM符號），其中N可係 任一整數。進一步，每一符號可持續1〇叩，且N可為5〇， Q 1 〇〇 ’ 2〇0 ’等等；“，本發明申請專利範圍並不僅限於 此。一點對點網路内之每一對等裝置皆可利用一個或多個 符唬進行傳輸；對等裝置可收聽其餘符號以偵測及/或識 別處於範圍内之其他對等裝置。根據一實例，一對等裝置 可在第一時刻在第一符號上及在第二時刻在第二符號上進 行傳輸，其中該第一時刻與第二時刻既可鄰近也可不鄰 近。 根據一實例，對等裝置發現間隔可包含2〇〇個符號。在 一個或多個實施例中，該2〇〇個符號可由終端機用於傳輸 117860.doc -17- 200814811 隔之前，、 付號進行傳輸）。在對等裝置發現間 個或多個Π想要參與輯點通信之無祕端機可選擇一 號中選出專：符號(例如根據上述實例自總共1〇〇個傳輸符 傳輸至不同I符號時間期間，無線終端機將-訊息 I、線終端機（例如對等裝置）。 所選傳輸符號之-中包含-頻調。進一步，在：置; 現間隔中苴铨綷嘹吐仕對寺哀置發 f.、 Ο 妒並解/、 少—部分期間，無線終端機收 同無線終端機之傳輸。由於點對點通信可採用 接收資料\無線終端機在—特㈣刻或者發射資料或者 、’ 而無線終端機可在1〇%之傳輪時間中進行發 ^而在其餘㈣之時間中進行接收。作為另_·實例= 進;:：機可在30%之時間中進行發射，而在7。%之時間； 仃收。根據一例示’無線終端機可根據 或-時間概念(例如自所接收之信標得出 = ^ 之波形（例如在一所選傳輸符號中所發射之 :)心間概念實質上係一時變變數。所有無機 :得到相同之時間_。舉例而言，無線終端機可從= 二地台之廣播(例如信標)信號獲得一時變變數。該時變變 可係在廣播信號中所發射之某個變數。舉例而今… 數可係隨時間變化之某-時間計數器或系統時間：在：’2 ^ ’將時間概念稱料間計數^。期望使時間計數器 等裝置發現間隔而異。作為又—實例，無線終端機可利用 生器來、擇傳輸時間及/或波形，該偽隨機 117860.doc -18- 200814811 數產生器之種子可係無線終端機之識別符及由來自一基地 台之廣播信號所提供之當前計數值。隨著時料數器之變 化，所選傳輸符號時間及/或波形亦可在對等裝置發現間 隔之間變化。
現在參見圖5,其圖解說明一在點對點網路中實施同步 化通信之系統500 〇系統5〇〇包括無線終端機別之，其可藉 由一點對點網路與不同無線終端機（例如對等裝置）進行^ 信。無、線終端機202可包括一用於協調各種功能（例如對等 裝置發現、傳呼、訊務)之同步化器2〇8。同步化器可 獲得並分析—共同時鐘基準，以確合理之時間概念。 另外，該（該等）不同無線終端機可獲得並分析該共同時鐘 基準，以得到相同之時間概念；因此，一區域内之各對等 裝置可與同一共同時鐘基準（例如來自同一基地台）同步 化。因此，各對等裝置在不直接進行相互通信情況下得到 相同之定時（同步化定時）。舉例而言，共同時鐘基準可係 由無線終端機202及對等裝置之範圍内之基地台所發射之 信標信號。進一步，無線終端機2〇2可包含對等裝置發現 通信器210，而對等裝置發現通信器21〇又進一步包括信號 廣播器212及對等裝置偵測器214。 〜 對等裝置發現通信器210亦可包含一信號產生器5〇2，其 產生欲由信號廣播器212發送之訊息。根據一實例，信號 產生器502可確定在—對等裝置發現間隔内之傳輸時間及/ 或所要發射之波形。信號產生器502可根據一識別符 (ID)(例如對應於無線終端機2〇2)及一時間（例如根據共同 117860.doc -19- 200814811 夺、里基準確定出）來得到該訊息之傳輸時間及/或波形。根 據-實例，由信號產生器502所產生之訊息可為一信標信 號’此可提供功率效率；因此，信號產生器5〇2可在一所 選OFDM符號上實施—特定頻調之傳輸。本發明亦涵蓋可 傳輸不止一個信標信號。此外’出於私密性問冑，可施加 防護來抑制對無線終端機2〇22ID之有害散佈。 根據另只例，信號產生器502可為信號廣播器212提供 >、無線終鳊機2〇2相關聯之id，該ID可廣播至對等裝 置獲m亥ID之璧子等裝置可利用所接收之m來偵測及識別 無線終端機202。舉例而言，無線終端機2〇2之1〇可係一 ％ y雜湊函數之輸出，該職元料函數之輸人係無線終 端機202之明文名稱及由基地台廣播信號（例如共同時鐘基 準、信標、···）所提供之當前計數值。舉例而言，該計數 值可在當前對等裝置發現間隔期間恆定不變並可由所有對 等裝置解碼。此外，該雜湊函數可藉由一協定預先規定並 為各對等裝置所已知。 丨而口對專裝置彳貞測器2 14可保持一與無線終端機 2〇2相關聯之夥伴對等裝置之明文名稱之清單。進一步， 將特疋ID解碼’對等裝置偵測器214便可使用當前 汁數值來雜湊其明文夥伴名稱。若各輸出ID中之至少一者 與所解碼ID相匹配，則對等裝置偵測器214可得出存在對 應夥伴對等裝置之結論。而若未找到匹配項或者存在多個 匹配項，則對等裝置偵測器214可能無法得出存在任何夥 伴對等裝置之結論。此外，每一對等裝置皆可改變該ID產 117860.doc -20 - 200814811 生雜湊函數 > 认， 數之輸出之位元數量（在前面由M表示）， 保最終發現哕τη 精乂確 見⑽。-對等裝置保持-在當前時間中债测到 不同無線終端機之清單。該清單可包含 線終端樁，々上 S尸坏有不同無 "可包含無線終端機202或正使用無線終端 之使用者之預定夥伴清單中之無線終端機。該、、主抑 =時間的進行而演進，乃因某些不同無線終端機； \ (例如由於對應之使用者移開），或者因可能出現其他 Γ、不同無線終端機（例如因對應之使用者走近）。對等裝置可 將新的不同無線終端機添加至該清單中或者自該清單中删 、肖失之不同無線終端機。在一實施例中，對等裝置被 動也：持該π單。在此種情形中，一第一對等裝置可偵测 f -第—對等裝置之存在並將該第二對等裝置保存於其清 單中而不通知該第二對等裝置。因此，該第二對等裝置可 %不知曉第-對等襞置已將第二對等裝置保存於清單中。 "、對稱f生，視無線頻道及干擾條件而定，第二對等裝置 〇 #可❹11第—對等裝置之存在並將第-對等裝置保存於其 清單中而不通知第一對等裳置。在另一實施例中，在第二 對等裝置谓測到第二對等裝置之存在後，即使第一對等裝 置還/又有>料5孔務要與第二對等裝置通信，第一對等裝置 亦主動地發送-信號來通知第二對等裝置，以使第二對等 裝置此時知曉第一對等裝置已將第二對等裝置保存於清單 中。第一對等裝置可選擇性地決定其是否發送一信號。舉 例而言，第一對等裝置可僅向處於預定夥伴清單中之另一 對等裝置發送信號。 117860.doc •21 - 200814811 無線終端機202亦可包括一傳呼器504及一訊務通信器 5〇6。根據由同步化器2〇8所得到之同步化時間概念，傳呼 器504及訊務通信器5〇6可在為此等功能所分配之相應時間 期間藉由點對點網路發射及/或接收信號。一旦偵測到並 識別出一對等裝置，傳呼器504便使無線終端機2〇2啟動與 該對等裝置之通信。進一步，在一所分配訊務間隔期間， 無線終端機202及對等裝置可使用訊務通信器506來發射及/ 或接收訊務。 無線終端機202可亦包括一狀態變換器508。為進行省 電，在與除對等裝置發現以外之功能（例如傳呼、訊務）相 關聯之時間間隔期間、無線終端機2〇2不參與此等功能 時’狀恶變換器508可使無線終端機202進入睡眠狀態。此 外，在對等裝置發現間隔期間，狀態變換器5〇8將無線終 端機202切換至一接通狀態（例如自一睡眠狀態），以使無線 終端機202能夠發現對等裝置及/或被對等裝置發現。 此外，無線終端機202可包括記憶體51〇及一處理器 512。圮憶體510可保持與一無線終端機2〇2相關聯之識別 付。此外，記憶體510可包含一可由對等裝置偵測器214引 用之夥伴對等裝置清單。另外， 下之指令··使不同無線終端機之 同步化’在一區域中（例如 ，記憶體510可保持關於如
生用於傳輸至不同無線終端機之 3週期，在一對等裝置發現 機相關之信號之位置，產 之信號，偵測及/或識別範 117860.doc -22- 200814811 圍内之不同無線終端機，等等。此外，處理器512可執行 本文所述之指令。
根據一實例，點對點網路可在與蜂巢式網路（例如廣域 網路）相同之頻帶中運作。在此種情形中，對等裝置可遵 ,&射功率上限值，藉以減輕對上行鏈路蜂巢式行動穿 ，造成之過大干擾。舉例㈣，可利用-開環功率控制； 藉以使無線終端機202可藉由量測來自基地台之信號之接 收功率來估測其至基地台之路徑增益。因&，每一對等裝 置皆可在如下約束條件下選擇其發射功率··在基地台處^ 接收之功率小於某一臨限值。 由於點對點通信之典型 心々、妖不、我歎十米）左 右，因而與蜂巢式通信相比，符號持續時間可明顯縮短， 乃因其延遲擴展可縮短。因& ’可以短於蜂巢式系统 遲來逹成分時雙工（TDD)點對點通信，乃因發射與收聽之 間之切換時間可縮短。舉例而言’符號持續時間可為10 恥，其中一循環首碼大體覆蓋丨叩之延遲擴展。 參見圖6’錢解說明一與對等裝置發現間隔期 輸相關聯之實例性時間·頻率網格咖。χ軸代 包含Ν個符號（例如其中Ν可為任一整數） 丄: 且可包含_頻調(例如其中Μ,為任一 Π =一無線終端機可選擇—特定符號（例如傳輸時二= 列如根據該無線終端機或者正使用該無 ： 所選符號之特定頻調(例如根據識別符=於 117860.doc -23- 200814811 網格6 Ο 0内如陰寻彡邮一 ^ ~斤不之χ及y座標（例如（X】，y!))可提供資 訊（例如當由一接收兮行 ^ 文w 唬之對等裝置實施評價時）。藉由 傳輸皁個符號，無 、挪機所用之字母可為l〇g2(从·Λ〇。根 據再一實例，在對等梦 _ 寺忒置I現間隔期間，無線終端機可利 用不止一個符號。根據續眚 课4實例，可在不同時刻傳輸各頻調 ⑴如U )舉例而言’若傳輸兩個座標為㈤，及 ㈨’ y2)之信標，則Xl不同於Χ2，以避免同時傳輸這兩個信 標0
J >見圖7 9 ’其gj解說明與在點對點網路内執行對等裝 置發現相關之方法。儘管為簡化說明起見，將該等方法顯 π及描述為-系列動作，然而應瞭解及知曉，該等方法並 不受限於動作次序，此乃因根據一個或多個實施例，某些 動作可按不同於本文所示及所述之次序進行及/或與其他 動作同時進行。舉例而言’熟習此項技術者將瞭解及知 曉，-種方法亦可表示為一系列(例如，一狀態圖中之)相 互關聯之狀態或事件。此外，在根據一個或多個實施例構 建一種方法時可能並不需要所有所示作業。 參見圖7，其圖解說明一種促進在點對點網路中操作無 線終端機之方法700。在702中，可自一信號源(例如基: 台、存取點、GPS衛星）接收信號。該信號可由該點對點網 路附近之基地台廣播；因此，該點對點網 丁 一轨行同步 化之無線終端機以及其他無線終端機（例如可同樣地執一 同步化之無線終端機）可自同一基地台獲一 lL 于共冋信號。 此外，可信號可係一共同時鐘基準。根據一實例，該仲键 117860.doc -24- 200814811 可係信標、ΡΝ(偽隨機)序列信號、導頻 可週期性地接收該信號。 寺此外， 在7〇4中，可根據該信號來確定— 列之時間位置。Η 士 卜卜 知見間隔序 晋 口此’ m終端機可確定—第_對 專虞置現間隔序列。可將 政Φ夂w 置發現間隔在點對點網 ⑴各…線終端機之間同步化。舉例而言，一第二無線終 端機可自信號源接收信號並根據該信號來確定一第箄 η
CJ 裝置發現間隔序列，其中該第二序列可在時間上與該第一 序列大體交疊。可自所接收信號導出定時資訊。而且，由 於可由不同之無線終端機使用同_信號，因此各無線終端 機可具有一共同之時間概念。此外，可利用該共同之時間 概心將—時間、線劃分成用於不同類型功能（例如對等裝置 么現、傳呼、訊務)之不同週期。根據一實例，該序列中 隔開兩個連績對等裝置發現間隔之時間量可較該等連續對 等=置發現間隔中任一者之持續時間大至少5倍。根據又 κ例對等裝置發現間隔序列中隔開兩個連續對等裝置 發現間隔之時間f可較該兩個連續料裝置發現間隔中任 -者之持續時間大至少1〇〇倍。另外，可根據所接收信號 來識別經合理界定之傳呼間隔及/或訊務間隔。根據一實 例，可在相鄰對等裝置發現間隔之間佈置複數個傳呼間隔 及複數個訊務間隔。而且，在一對等裝置發現間隔開始之 則（例如，若無線終端機在該對等裝置發現間隔之前未參 〃、現用訊務），無線終端機可自一省電狀態（例如睡眠狀態） 變換至一接通狀態。此外，在一對等裝置發現間隔結束之 117860.doc -25- 200814811 後（例如，若在該對等裝置發現間隔之後該無線終端機不 參與現用訊務），無線終端機可自一接通狀態變換至— 電狀態（例如睡眠狀態）。 μ 現在參見圖8，其圖解說明一種促進在點對點網路中傳 輸一使對等裝置能夠偵測及識別一無線裝置之訊息之方、去 8〇〇。在802中，可自一信號源（例如基地台、存取點、 術生、···）獲得信號。舉例而言，可自該信號導出一時 、 間。此外，舉例而言，基地台可與一廣域網路相關聯，且 Γ 可在該廣域網路與該點對點網路之間共用一供頻譜（例如 所許可頻譜）。在804中，可根據所獲得信號來識別一對等 裝置發現間隔序列之時間位置。舉例而言，可藉由該點對 點網路内所共知（例如由包含於該點對點網路中之不同無 線終端機所知）之預定協定來規定該對等裝置發現間隔序 列之定時。此外，可根據所獲得信號來識別傳呼間隔及/ 或訊務間隔。舉例而言，點對點網路之所劃分間隔可在各 ◎ 對等裝置之間達成短程、高資料傳輸率通信。 在806中，可根據自該信號導出的一識別符及一時間計 數器變數來選擇該序列中每一對等裝置發現間隔内之至少 一個符唬。應瞭解，可選擇一個或多個符號，其代表每一 對等裝置發現間隔之一第一部分。此外，該識別符可與一 無線終端機及/或一當前正使用該無線終端機之使用者相 關。本發明涵蓋：所選符號在一對等裝置發現間隔内之位 置可因對等裝置發現間隔而異。另外，該時間計數器變數 之值可因對等裝置發現間隔而異。進一步，符號選擇可在 117860.doc -26 - 200814811 ^對w置發現_之„施並w —在整個點對點網 去之協疋加以規定。根據一實例，每一對等裝置發 ，週期可包含N個符號（例如〇FDM符號），其中N係任意整 數。進一步，該N個符號中夕夂 母-者可對應於—唯-傳輸 η u 寺曰 1(例如母—符號可持續lG㈣。此外，可採用半雙工模 工、X便在#時刻或者進行傳輸或者進行接收、但不同 化進行傳輸及接收。根據-實例，傳輸《可為每-對等 裝置發現間隔之持續時間之10%或以下（例如並可將9〇% 寺:夺間用於收聽）。根據另一實例，傳輸時間可佔每 一對等裝置發現間隔之持續時間之3G%，而7()%可用於接 收在808中，可在每一所選符號上廣播單個頻調（例如訊 心）舉例而5 ’可使用該頻調來發送一信標信號（例如以 提高效率）。該頻調之頻率位置可根據識別符及/或時間計 數益變數加以確定。另夕卜，在該對等裝置發現間隔序列 中’該頻調之頻率位置可因對等裝置發現間隔而異。此 外’該頻調之傳輸功率可較同一符號中任一其他頻調之傳 輸功率高至少1〇倍。此外’若廣播不止-個信標(例如自 一個無線終端機廣播），則不同之符號可對應於每—_ 標。 口 參見圖9，其圖解說明一種促進在一點對點網路中偵 及識別對等裝置之方法_。在9〇2中，可自一信號源獲得 k唬。在904中，可根據所獲得信號來識別—對等裝置發 現間隔序列之時間位置。舉例而言，可使該序列在時間I 與由一不同無線終端機所確定的一不同對等裝置發現間隔 117860.doc -27- 200814811 序列相。在906中，可在每一對等裝置發㈣隔之一 部分期間進行收聽。舉例而言，可在每一對等裝置發現間 隔之至少70%中進行收聽，而其餘部分則可用於傳輸。根 據另一實例，無線終端機可將對等裝置發現間隔中之9〇% 或以上用於收聽。而且，可自與每一對等裝置發現間隔相 關聯之用於收聽之相應部分中排除選定用於在每一對等裝 置發現間隔期間發射之一個或多個符號。在9〇8中，可在 —當前對等裝置發現間隔之該部分期間進行收聽之同時， 偵測來自一對等裝置之廣播訊息（例如信號卜舉例而言， 7在與由一接收對等裝置用於傳輸之時間不同之時間獲得 該廣播訊息；因此，當前對等裝置發現間隔中進行偵測之 部分可不同於當前對等裝置發現間隔中一用於傳輸之不同 部分。在舉例而言，可根據所谓測廣播訊息來確定一頻調 及一符號。在910中’可根據該廣播訊息將一識別符解碼 例如對等裝置及/或一使用該對等裝置之使用者之識別 (J 夺）舉例而5 ’可根據一藉由自信號源獲得之信號導出 之時間計數器變數來解碼該識別符。 圖8中所提及母一對等裝置發現間隔之第一部分（其用於 發射一廣播訊息）與圖9中所提及每一對等裝置發現間隔之 第二部分（其用於债測來自其他終端機之廣播訊息）在時間 ^不相交疊。在一實施例中，該第二部分不小於該第—部 刀在某些情形中，該第二部分可較該第一部分大2倍、4 倍、8倍、16倍' 50倍等等。 康μ例，一旦偵測到對等裝置之訊息並將該對等裝 H7860.doc •28· 200814811 置之對應識別符解碼，便可將該識別符添加至一代表所偵 測終端機之識別符清單中。 、 τ根據另一實例，可在記憶體中 …一 >伴識別符構成之夥伴清單，並可 別符與該夥伴清單中之夥伴識別符相比較；進一步= 較結果顯示所债測識別符大體類似於該夥伴清單中其中一 η Ο =伴㈣則可將㈣碼之朗符標記為該等夥伴識別 付之一。繼續該實例，可向與經解碼識別符相關聯之對等 裝置發射-信號，以通知該對等裝置其已得到識別。 應瞭解，根據本文所述之一個或多個態樣，可做出關於 在-點對點環境中發現及識別對等裝置之推斷。本文中所 用措詞”推斷（infer或inference)"大體係指根據藉由事件及/ 或貧料所獲取之觀測值來推出或推斷系統、環境及/或使 用者之狀態之過程。舉例而言，推斷可被用來識別一特定 上下文或動作，或者可產生狀態之概率分散。該推斷可且 有，率性，亦即，基於對資料及事件之考量來計算所關: 狀恶之概率分散。推斷亦可係指用於自一組事件及/或資 料構成更两階事件之技術。此種推斷可使得自一組所觀測 事件及/或所儲存事件資料構造出新的事件或動作，無論 該=事件是否以時間上詩之形式相關，且無論該等事二 及資料是來自一個還是來自數個事件及資料源。 根據-實例，上文所述之一種或多種方法可包括做出關 於下述之推斷：將一對等裝置發現間隔同步化，供杜人藉 由點對點網路之通信使用。根據另—實例，可做出關^ 據點對點網路中之廣播信號來估測一共同時間概念之推 117860.doc -29- 200814811 斷。應瞭解，以上實例係 推齡鉍旦·^人 生且並不旨在限制可做出之 推所數Ϊ或結合本文所祕久 個實施例及/或方法做出等 推斷之方式。 沄做出a寺 圖10緣示一根據各種態樣 1ΛΛΛ ^ ^ 〜像構建而成之實例性通信系統 1000，其包括多個小區·· 立 1002，小區Μ 1004。應注 -，各相鄰小區⑽2、1004略微交疊，如小區邊界區域 购所示，從而造成在由相鄰小區中基地台所發射之信號 之間存在信號干擾之可能。系統1議中之每-小區1002、
1004皆包含三個輕。根據本發明之各種態樣，亦可存在 尚未細分成多個扇區（Ν=1)之小區、具有兩個扇區_2)之 =區、及具有多於3個扇區（Ν>3)之小區。小區⑽2包含一 第-扇區-扇區I ΗΠ0、—第二扇區_扇區n 1G12、及一 第二扇區一扇區ΠΙ 1〇14。每一扇區1〇1〇、i〇i2、MM皆 具有兩個扇區邊界區域；每—邊界區域皆由兩個相鄰扇區 共用。 扇區邊界區域造成使在由相鄰扇區中基地台所發射信號 之間存在信號干擾之可能。線1〇16代表扇區〗1〇1〇與扇區 111012之間之扇區邊界區域；線1〇18代表扇區111〇12與扇 區1111014之間之扇區邊界區域；線1〇2〇代表扇區1111〇14 與扇區I 10 10之間之扇區邊界區域。類似地，小區Μ 1〇〇4 包含一第一扇區一扇區I 1022、一第二扇區—扇區π 1024、及一弟二扇區一扇區hi 1026。線1028代表扇區I 1022與扇區II 1024之間之扇區邊界區域；線1〇3〇代表扇區 Π 1024與扇區III 1026之間之扇區邊界區域；線1032代表 117860.doc -30- 200814811 扇區III 1026與扇區I 1022之間之邊界區域。小區I 1〇〇2包 含一基地台（BS)—基地台I 1006、及位於每一扇區1〇1〇、 1012、1014中之複數個端節點斤1^;611(111〇心）（例如無線終 端機）。扇區I 1010包含分別藉由無線鏈路1〇4〇、1〇42麵接 至 BS 1006 之 EN(1)1036 及 EN(X)1038;扇區II 1〇12 包含分 j 別藉由無線鏈路1048、1050耦接至BS 1006之ΕΝ(1，）1〇44及 EN(X )1046 ;扇區III 1014分別包含藉由無線鏈路1056、 1058 耦接至 BS 1006 之 ΕΝ(Γ，）1052 及 ΕΝ(Χ")1〇54。同樣 地’小區Μ 1004包含基地台Μ 1008、及位於每一扇區 1022、1024、1026中之複數個端節點（ΕΝ)。扇區I 1〇22包 含分別藉由無線鏈路1040，、1(Μ2,耦接至BS Μ 1008之 ΕΝ(1)1036’及ΕΝ(Χ)1038,；扇區II 1024包含分別藉由無線 鏈路 1048’、1050’ 耦接至 BS Μ 1008 之 ΕΝ(1，）1〇44,及 ΕΝ(Χ’）1046’ ；扇區3 1026分別包含藉由無線鏈路1〇56,、 1058’搞接至 BS 1008 之 ΕΝ(1，，）1052,及 ΕΝ(Χ")1054,。 系統1000亦包含一網路節點1060，其分別藉由網路鏈路 1062、1064 耦接至 BS I 1006 及 BS Μ 1008。網路節點 1〇6〇 亦藉由網路鏈路1066耦接至其他網路節點，例如其他基地 台、ΑΑΑ伺服器節點、中間節點、選路器、等等、以及網 際網路。網路鏈路1062、1064、1066可例如為光纜。各端 節點（例如EN(1 )1036)可為一包含發射機以及接收機之無線 終端機。各無線終端機（例如EN(1)1036)可在系統1〇〇〇中移 動並可藉由無線鏈路與該EN當前所處之小區中之基地台 進行通信。無線終端機（WT)，例如EN(1)1036，可經由基 117860.doc -31- 200814811 地台（例如BS 1006)及/或網路節點丨〇6〇與對等節點（例如系 統1000中或系統1〇〇〇以外之其他WT)進行通信。WT(例如 ΕΝ(1)1〇36)可係行動通信裝置，例如行動電話、帶有無線 數據機之個人資料助理等等。各自之基地台對條紋符號週 期使用一種方法來執行頻調子集分配，此種方法不同於用 於分配頻調及確定其餘符號週期（例如非條紋符號週期）中 之頻調跳躍之方法。無線終端機使用頻調子集分配方法以 及自基地台接收之資訊（例如基地台斜度m、扇區1〇資訊） 來確定其可用於在特定條紋符號週期處接收資料及資訊之 頻調。根據各種態樣，該頻調子集分配序列經構造以使扇 區間及小區間干擾分散於各個頻調中。 通信系統1000亦可支援區域點對點通信。舉例而言，可 對區域點對點通信以及藉由廣域網路（例如蜂巢式基礎結 構網路）之通信二者利用一共同頻譜。無線終端機可藉由 一區域點對點網路（例如點對點網路1070、1072及1074)與 八他對#哀置進行通化。儘管圖中繪示三個點對點網路 1070-1074，然而應瞭解，亦可支援任意數量、大小、形 狀等等之點對點網路。舉例而言，每一點對點網路1〇7〇_ 1074可支援在各無線終端機之間直接傳送信號。此外，每 一點對點網路107(M074可包含位於一類似地理區域（例如 位於彼此之範圍内）之無線終端機。舉例而言，en(i)i〇36 可藉由區域點對點網路107〇與£叫幻1〇38進行通信。然 而應瞭解，各無線終端機無需與將包含於一共同點對點 、、罔路中之同一扇區及/或小區相關聯。進一步，各點對點 117860.doc -32- 200814811 網路可相交疊（例如EN(X，）1046可利用點對點網路1〇72及 1074)。另外，一點對點網路可不支援無線終端機。在廣 域網路與點對點網路相交疊時，無線終端機可採用廣域網 路及/或點對點網路（例如同時採用或串列地採用）。此外， 無線終端機可無縫地切換或同時利用此等網路。相應地， 無線終知機（無論係發射終端機及/或接收終端機）可選擇性 地採用該等網路中之一個或多個來使通信最佳化。 圖11圖解說明一根據各種態樣之實例性基地台丨丨〇〇。基 f) 地台1100執行頻調子集分配序列，其中為小區中各個不同 之扇區類型產生不同之頻調子集分配序列。基地台丨丨〇〇可 用作圖10所示基地台1006、1008中之任一者。基地台11〇〇 包括一接收機1102、一發射機11〇4、一處理器1106(例如 cpu)、一輸入/輸出介面1108及記憶體1110，該等元件藉 由一匯流排1109搞接於一起，各元件u〇2、1104、1106、 1108及1110可在匯流排11〇9上交換資料及資訊。 ^ 耦接至接收機1102之扇區化天線1103用於自來自基地台 之小區内每一扇區之無線終端機傳輸接收資料及其他信 號，例如頻道報告。耦接至發射機1104之扇區化天線11〇5 用於將資料及其他信號（例如控制信號、導頻信號、信標 信號等等）發射至基地台之小區之每一扇區内之無線終端 機1200(參見圖12)。在各態樣中，基地台11〇〇可採用多個 接收機1102及多個發射機1104，例如對每一扇區採用一單 獨之接收機1102及對每一扇區採用一單獨之發射機11〇4。 處理器1106可例如為一通用中央處理單元（cpu)。處理器 117860.doc -33- 200814811 1106在儲存於記憶體mo中之一個或多個常式1118之管控 下控制基地台11〇〇之運作並執行該等方法。1/〇介面11〇8 提供一接至其他網路節點之連接，從而將BS 11 〇〇耦接至 其他基地台、存取選路器、AAA伺服器節點等等、其他網 路、及網際網路。記憶體1110包括常式1118及資料/資訊 1120。 η
貧料/貧訊1120包括：資料ι136 ;頻調子集分配序列資 訊1138，其包含下行鏈路條紋符號時間資訊114〇及下行鏈 路頻調資訊1142 ;及無線終端機（WT)資料/資訊1144，其 包含複數組wt資訊：WT !資訊U46&WT N資訊116〇。每 一組wt資訊（例如WT i資訊1146)皆包含資料1148、終端 機ID 1150、扇區ID 1152、上行鏈路頻道資訊1154、下行 鏈路頻道資訊1156、及模式資訊1158。 常式1118包括通信常式1122及基地台控制常式1124。基 地台控制常式1124包括一排程器模組1126及若干傳訊常式 1128，包括-用於條紋符號週期之頻調子集分配常式 ,1130、用於其餘符號週期（例如非條紋符號週期）之下行鍵 路頻調分配跳躍常式1132、及一信標常式1134。 、，資料1136包含··欲發射資料，其將在傳輸至资之前發 达至發射機1104之編碼器1114以便進行編碼；及自资接 收之資料，其在接收到之後已經過接收機ιι〇2之解碼器 1112處理。下行鏈路條紋符號時間資訊丨⑽包含：訊框同 步化結構資訊，例如超級時槽、信標時槽、及超時槽结構 資訊；及對如下加以規定之資訊··一既定符號週期是否係 117860.doc •34- 200814811 條、二唬週^ &右係一條紋符號週期，該條 期之索引，及該條紋符號是否係一截斷基地台所用頻調: 集分配序列之重設點。下行鏈路頻調資訊U42包含：包含 指配給基地台HOG之載波頻率之資訊，頻調之數量及二 率，及分配給條紋符號週期之頻調子集之集合，及立他小 區及扇區特定值，例如斜度、斜度索。 η ϋ 資料麗可包含：WT1 mG已自_對等節點接收之資 料，WT1 12GG想要發射至—對等節點之資料，及下行鍵路 頻道品質報告回饋資訊。終端機ID出〇係一由基地台 1100所指配之用於識別WT i 12⑼之ID。扇區出出2包含 二於識別WT1 1200正在其中運作之扇區之資訊。舉例而 言’扇區ID 1152可用於確定扇區類型。上行鏈路頻道資 訊1154包含用於識別已由排程器1126分配給㈣湖使用 之頻道& (例如用於育料之上行鏈路訊務頻道段、用於請 求、功率控制、定時控制等等之專用上行鏈路控制段）之 貝A ^配給WT1 1200之每—上行鏈路頻道皆包括一個或 多個邏輯頻調，其巾每—邏輯頻調皆跟隨於—上行鍵路跳 躍序列之後。下行鏈路頻道資訊1156包含用於識別已由排 程器1126分配用於向WT1 12⑼載送資料及/或資訊之頻道 奴（例如用於使用者資料之下行鏈路訊務頻道段）之資訊。 指配給WT1 1200之每一下行鏈路頻道皆包含一個或多個邏 輯頻凋，其中每一邏輯頻調皆跟隨於一下行鏈路跳躍序列 之後。模式貧訊1158包含用於識別WT1 12〇〇之運作狀態 (例如睡眠、保持、接通）之資訊。 117860.doc • 35 - 200814811 通4系式1122控制基地台1100實施各種通信作業並執行 各種通信協定。基地台控制常式1124用於控制基地台11 〇〇 實施基本之基地台功能任務，例如信號產生及接收、排 私、及執行某些態樣之方法之步驟，包括在條紋符號週期 期間使用頻調子集分配序列向無線終端機發射信號。 ο 傳訊常式1128控制接收機11〇2(帶有其解碼器1112)及發 射機1104(帶有其編碼器1114)之運作。傳訊常式1128負責 才工制產生所發射資料113 6及控制資訊。頻調子集分配常式 30使用該態樣之方法及使用包含下行鏈路條紋符號時間 資訊1140和扇區ID 1152之資料/資訊112〇來構造要在一條 紋符號週期中使用之頻調子#。下行鏈路頻調子集分配序 列對於小區中每—扇區類型而言皆有所不同且對於田比鄰肩 區亦有所^同。WT 12〇〇根據τ行鏈路頻調子集分配序列 在條紋符號週期中接收信號，基地台11〇〇使用相同之下广 鏈路頻調子集分配序列來產生所發射信號。其他下行鍵: 跳躍常式1132對不同於條紋符號週期之符號週期 使用包含下行鏈路頻調資訊1142、及下 1156之資來 丁鏈路頻道資訊 貝Λ ^構造下仃鏈路頻調跳躍序列。户 白Γ*丄 任一小區之久 扇區中將下行鏈路資料頻調跳躍序列同步化〆 1134控制一俨轳严哚 楠私 L才示*式 L “ L號之傳輸，例如一具有隹 個頻調上之相對高功率之信號，其可用或幾 如用於將下行鏈路信號之訊框定時結構 = 分配序列相對於-超時槽邊界同步化。 Μ调子集 點 行動 圖12圖解說明_實例性無線終端機（例如端節 117860.doc -36- 200814811 裝置、…）1200，其可用作圖ι〇所示系統looo中之任一無 線終端機（例如端節點、行動裝置、…），例如EN(1 )1036。 無線終端機1200執行頻調子集分配序列。無線終端機12〇〇 包括一包含解碼器1212之接收機1202、一包含編碼器1214 之發射機1204、一處理器1206、及記憶體1208，該等元件 1202、1204、1206、1208藉由一匯流排1210耦接於一起以 使該等元件可在匯流排121〇上交換資料及資訊。一用於自 一基地台1100(及/或一不同之無線終端機）接收信號之天線 1203耦接至接收機1202。一用於例如向基地台u〇〇(及/或 一不同之無線終端機）發射信號之天線1205耦接至發射機 1204。 處理器1206(例如一 CPU)控制無線終端機1200之運作並 藉由執行常式1220及使用記憶體1208中之資料/資訊1222 來執行各種方法。 資料/資訊1222包含使用者資料1234、使用者資訊 1236、頻調子集分配序列資訊125〇、及一夥伴對等裝置清 單1256。使用者資料1234可包含：指定用於一對等節點之 為料’此將在由發射機1204發射至基地台11〇〇之前投送至 編碼器1214來進行編碼；及自基地台丨丨〇〇接收之資料，其 已在接收機1202中經過解碼器12 12處理。使用者資訊1236 包含上行鏈路頻道資訊1238、下行鏈路頻道資訊124〇、終 端機ID資訊1242、基地台ID資訊1244、扇區ID資訊1246、 及模式資訊1248。上行鏈路頻道資訊1238包含用於識別上 行鏈路頻道段之資訊，該等上行鏈路頻道段已由基地台 117860.doc • 37 - 200814811 1100心配’以供無線終端機1200在向基地台1100實施發射 時使用°上行鏈路頻道可包含上行鏈路訊務頻道、專用上 仃鍵路控制頻道（例如請求頻道）、功率控制頻道及定時控 制頻道。每一上行鏈路頻道皆包含一個或多個邏輯頻調， 每一邏輯頻調皆跟隨於一上行鏈路頻調跳躍序列之後。一 小區中每一扇區類型之間及各毗鄰小區之間之上行鏈路跳 躍序列皆有所不同。下行鏈路頻道資訊1240包含用於識別 下订鍵路頻道段之資訊，該等下行鏈路頻道段已由基地台 11〇〇指配給貿7120〇，以供在681100向\^丁 1200發射資料/ 貝訊時使用。下行鏈路頻道可包含下行鏈路訊務頻道及指 配頻道母下行鏈路頻道皆包含一個或多個邏輯頻調， 每一邏輯頻調皆跟隨於一下行鏈路跳躍序列之後，下行鏈 路跳躍序列在小區中每一扇區之間同步化。 使用者資訊1236亦包含：終端機ID資訊1242，其係一由 基地台11〇〇指配之識別資訊；基地台ID資訊1244，其識別 wt已與之建立通信之特定基地台11〇〇 ;及扇區m資訊 1246,其識別小區中WT 12〇〇當前位於其中之特定扇區。 基地台ID 1244提供一小區斜度值，且扇區m資訊1246提 供一扇區索引類型；小區斜度值及扇區索引類型可用於導 出頻調跳躍序列·。亦包含於使用者資訊1236中之模式資訊 1248識別WT 1200係處於睡眠模式、保持模式還是接通模 式中。 頻調子集分配序列資訊㈣包含下行鏈路條紋符號時間 資訊1252及下行鏈路頻調資訊1254。下行鏈路條紋符號時 117860.doc -38· 200814811 1貝。fl 1252包3 .訊框同步化結構資訊，例如超級時槽、 信標時槽、及超時槽結構資訊；及對如下加以規定之資 訊：一既定符號週期是否係一條紋符號週期，及若係一條 紋符號週期’該條紋符號週期之索引，及該條紋符號是否 係-截斷基地台所用頻調子集分配序狀重設點^下行鍵 路=調資訊1254包含：包含指配給基地台測之載波頻率 ，資訊’頻調之數量及頻率，及分配給條紋符號週期之頻 调子集之集合，及其他小區及扇區特定值，例如斜度、斜 度索引及扇區類型。 常式1220包含通信常式1224、無線終端機控制常式 1226、同步化常式1228、信號產生/廣播常式1230、及偵 測常式1232。通信常式1224控制由WT 12〇〇所用之各種通 信協定。例如，通信常式1224能夠藉由一廣域網路（例如 與基地台1100)進行通信及/或藉由一區域點對點網路（例如 直接與不同之無線終端機）進行通信。作為又一實例，通 L 4式1224能夠接收一廣播信號（例如自基地台ι1〇〇)。無 線終端機控制常式1226控制基本之無線終端機1200功能 度，包括對接收機1202及發射機1204之控制。同步化常式 1228控制將無線終端機1200同步化至一所接收信號（例如 自基地台11 〇〇接收之信號）。亦可將點對點網路内之對等 裝置同步化至該信號。舉例而言，所接收信號可係一信 標、PN(偽隨機）序列信號、導頻信號等等。進一步，可週 期性地獲得該信號並可利用一亦為各對等裝置所知之協定 (例如與同步化常式1228相關聯）來識別對應於不同功能（例 117860.doc -39- 200814811 如對等袭置發現、傳呼、訊務）之間隔。信號產生/廣播常 式1230控制形成一用於在一所識別之對等裝置發現間隔期 間傳輸之訊息。可根據一協定（例如與信號產生/廣播常式 1230)來選擇一與該訊息相關聯之符號及/或頻調。而且， 信號產生/廣播常式123()可控制將該訊息發送至點對點網 路内之各對等裝置。偵測常式1232根據在一所識別對等裝 置發現間隔期間所接收之訊息來控制對各對等裝置之偵測 及識別m測常式1232可至少部分地根據在夥伴 對4 #置Μ單12 5 6中所保持之資訊來識別對等裝置。 參見圖13，其圖解說明一能夠在點對點網路中將對等裝 置發現時間週期同步化之系統13〇〇。舉例而言，系統13卯 可至少部分地駐存於-無線終端機内。應瞭解，將系統 η ϋ 130。0表示成包括若干功能塊，肖等功能塊可為代表由一處 理器、軟體、或其組合（例如韌體）所執行之功能之功能 塊。系統1300包括-由可一同發揮作用之電組件構成之邏 輯群組1302。例如，邏輯群組13〇2可包含—用於自一信號 源接收信號之電組件13〇4。根據—舉例說明，該信號^ 為-基地台、存取點、GPS衛星等等。舉例而言，該:、號 可廣播至點對點網路。而且’各對等裝置可根據所接收作 號來獲得-共同之時間概念。進一步，邏輯群組m2可^ 含-用於根據該信㈣確定—對等裝置發現間隔序列 間組件_。舉例而言，每一對等裝置發現間隔 之時間長度可較兩個相鄰對等裝置發現間隔之間之時間長 度至少小5倍。進一步，與也丨二_ ^ 舉例而吕，可自該對等裝置發現 117860.doc 200814811 間隔中選擇一潛在傳輸時間子集（例如根據自所接收信號 導出之時間及/或一識別符,）。而且，可利用所傳輸訊息來 實施偵測及/或識別。另外，系統1300可包括一記憶體 1308，以保持用於執行與電組件1304及1306相關聯之功能 之指令。儘管圖中顯示處於記憶體1308外部，然而應瞭 解，一個或多個電組件1304及1306亦可存在於記憶體13〇8 内0 η 應瞭解，本文所述之實施例可實施於硬體、軟體、拿刃 體、中間體、微碼、或其任一組合中。對於硬體實施方案 而吕，各處理單元可實施於一個或多個應用專用積體電路 (ASIC)、數位信號處理器（DSP)、數位信號處理裝置 (DSPD)、可程式化邏輯裝置（PLD)、現場可程式化閘陣列 (FPGA)、處理器、控制器、微控制器、微處理器、其他設 計用於執行本文所述功能之電子單元、或其一組合中。 當該等實施例實施於軟體、韌體、中間體或微碼、程式 碼或碼段中時，其可儲存於例如儲存組件等機器可讀媒體 中。碼段可代表程序、功能、次程式、程式、常式、次常 式、模組、軟體包、類別、或任何由指令、資料結構或程 式語句構成之組合。碼段可藉由傳遞及/或接收資訊、資 料、自變數、參數或記㈣时㈣合至另__碼段或硬體 =路。資訊、自變數、參數、資料等可使用包括記憶體共 =m遞、記號傳遞、網路傳輪等在内之任何合適途 ^來傳遞、轉接或傳輸。 對於軟體實施方案而言，可㈣執行本文所述功能之模 117860.doc -41 - 200814811 V (】 私序、功能等等）來構建本文所述技術。該等軟 體碼可儲存於記憶體單元中並由處理器執行。該記憶體單 兀既可構建於處理器内亦可構建於處理器外，於後一情況 下，该圮憶體單元可藉由此項技術中所習知之各種途徑以 通k方式搞合至該處理器。 上文所述内容包括一個或多個實施例之實例。當然，不 可旎出於說明前述實施例之目的而說明各組件或方法之每 Γ% :種可構想組合，但熟習此項技術者可知，各個實施例亦 可存在諸多進一步之組合及排列。相應地，所述實施例旨 在囊括歸屬⑨隨附申請專利範圍之精神及範脅内之所有該 等改變、修改及變化型式。此外，就本詳細說明或申請^ 利範圍中所用措詞"包括（includes)"而言，該措詞之包括方 式擬與措詞”包括（c〇mprising)"在一請求項中用作一轉折詞 時所解釋之方式相同。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係一根據本文所述各種態樣之無線通信系統之 解； 圖2係一用於使一點對點網路中各無線終端機之間之通 信同步化之實例性系統之圖解； 圖3係一由在一點對點環境内進行通信之各同步化對等 裝置所利用之實例性定時圖之圖解； 圖4係一對等裝置發現間隔之實例性定時圖之圖解。 圖5係一在一點對點網路上實施同步化通信之實例性系 117860.doc -42- 200814811 圖6係一在一對等裝置發現間隔期間與傳輸相關聯的實 例性時間-頻率網格之圖解； 圖7係-種促進在_點對點網路中操作—無線終端機之 實例性方法之圖解； Θ係種促進在一點對點網路中傳輸一使各對等裝置 能夠偵測及識別一無線裝置之訊息之實例性方法之圖解; 圖9係種促進在一點對點網路中偵測及識別對等裝置 之實例性方法之圖解； 圖10係一根據各種態樣構建而成的包含多個小區之實例 性通信系統之圖解； 圖11係一根據各種態樣之實例性基地台之圖解； 圖12係一根據本文所述之各種態樣構建而成之實例性無 線終端機（例如行動裝置、端節點、…）之圖解； 圖13係一能夠在一點對點網路中使對等裝置發現時間週 期同步化之實例性系統之圖解。 【主要元件符號說明】 100 無線通信系統 102 無線終端機 104 基地台 200 系統 202 無線終端機 204 不同之無線終端機 206 不同之無線終端機 208 同步化器 117860.doc -43- 200814811
210 對等裝置發現通信器 212 信號廣播器 214 對等裝置偵測器 500 系統 502 信號產生器 504 傳呼器 506 訊務通信器 508 狀態變換器 510 記憶體 512 處理器 1000 通信系統 1002 小區I 1004 小區Μ 1006 基地台I 1008 基地台Μ 1010 扇區I 1012 扇區II 1014 扇區III 1016 扇區邊界區域 1018 扇區邊界區域 1020 扇區邊界區域 1022 扇區I 1024 扇區II 1026 扇區III 117860.doc -44- 200814811 1028 扇區邊界區域 1030 扇區邊界區域 1032 扇區邊界區域 1036 EN(1) 1038 EN(X) 1040 無線鏈路 1040， 無線鏈路 1042 無線鏈路 1042' 無線鏈路 1044 EN(1，） 1044; ΕΝ(Γ) 1046 ΕΝ(Χ，） 1046， ΕΝ(Χ，） 1048 無線鏈路 1048f 無線鏈路 1050 無線鏈路 I050f 無線鏈路 1052 ΕΝ(1") 1052， ΕΝ(1") 1054 ΕΝ(Χ") 1054， ΕΝ(Χ") 1056 無線鏈路 1056， 無線鏈路 1058 無線鏈路 117860.doc •45 200814811
1058f 無線鏈路 1060 網路節點 1062 網路鏈路 1064 網路鏈路 1066 網路鏈路 1068 小區邊界區域 1070 點對點網路 1072 點對點網路 1074 點對點網路 1100 基地台 1102 接收機 1103 扇區化天線 1104 發射機 1105 扇區化天線 1106 處理器 1108 輸入/輸出介面 1109 匯流排 1110 記憶體 1112 解碼器 1114 編碼|§ 1118 常式 1120 資料/資訊 1122 通信常式 1124 基地台控制常式 117860.doc -46- 200814811 1126 排程器 1128 傳訊常式 1130 頻調子集分配常式 1132 下行鏈路頻調分配跳躍常式 1134 信標常式 1136 所發射資料 1138 頻調子集分配序列資訊 1140 下行鏈路條紋符號時間資訊 1142 下行鏈路頻調資訊 1144 無線終端機（WT)資料/資訊 1146 WT 1資訊 1148 資料 1150 終端機ID 1152 扇區ID 1154 上行鏈路頻道資訊 1156 下行鏈路頻道資訊 1158 模式資訊 1160 WT N資訊 1200 WT1 1202 接收機 1203 天線 1204 發射機 1205 天線 1206 處理器 117860.doc -47- 200814811 1208 記憶體 / 1210 匯流排 1212 解碼器 1214 編碼 1220 常式 1222 資料/資訊 1224 通信常式 1226 無線終端機控制常式 1228 同步化常式 1230 信號產生/廣播常式 1232 偵測常式 1234 使用者資料 1236 使用者資訊 1238 上行鏈路頻道資訊 1240 下行鍵路頻道貧訊 1242 終端機ID資訊 1244 基地台ID資訊 1246 扇區ID資訊 1248 模式資訊 1250 頻調子集分配序列資訊 1252 下行鏈路條紋符號時間資訊 1254 下行鏈路頻調資訊 1256 夥伴對等裝置清單 1300 系統 117860.doc -48- 200814811 〇
1302 系統 1304 電組件 1306 電組件 1308 記憶體 117860.doc -49-

Claims (1)

  1. 200814811 十、申請專利範圍： 一無線終端機之方法 1 · 一種於一點對點網路中操作一第 其包括： △ 乜號源接收—第一信號，其中該信號源係一基地 台、—存取點、或_GPS衛星中之至少一者；及 根據忒所接收之第一信號來確定一第一對等裝置發現 間隔序列之時間位置。
    U 月求項1之方法，其中該第一信號係一信標、一 PN(偽 隨機）序列作f卢、、# μ ^ J 1口琥或一導頻信號中之一者。 3 · 如請求項2夕古、、i 、 法’其進一步包括自該信號源週期性地 接收該第一信號。 4. 如請求+、+ κ 、、 方法，其進一步包括操作一第二無線終端 表、自忒乜號源接收該第一信號並確定一第二對等裝置 "見間隔序列，其中該第二序列與該第一序列在時間上 大致交疊。 :請求：4之方法，其中對該第一對等裝置發現間隔序 確疋係基於該第—無線終端機及該第二無線終端機 —者共同知曉之—預定協定。 5. 隔二:：1之方法’其中-隔開該第-對等裝置發現間 連續對^個連續對等裝置發現間隔之時間量較該兩個 仵。 ^置發現間隔中任一者之持續時間至少大5
    如讀'求jp 6 間 個 ^ ^ 、 方法，其中一隔開該第一對等裝置發現 隔序列Φ ; 天儿 個連續對等裝置發現間隔之時間量較該兩 117860.doc 200814811
    (; 連續對等裝置發現間隔中任一 100 倍。 者之该持、續時間至少 如請求項1之方法，其進一步包括： 在一對等裝置發現間隔開始之前， 至一接通狀態；及 在該對等裝置發現間隔結束之後， 至該省電狀態。 大 省電狀態變換 自遠接通狀態切換 9·如請求項1之方法，其進一步包括： 根據該第-無線終端機或-當前正使用 端機之使用者的—第一識別符及—自該第一信號導、= 核器變數，選擇該第—相中料對等裝置發現 間隔中每一者内之至少一個符號；及 在該等所選符號之每一者上廣播一第二信號。 10.如請求項9之方法，其進一步包括： /等對等裝置發現間隔之每一者之一部分期 收聽； J 在s則對等裝置發現間隔之該部分期間進行收聽之 同：：測—來自—對等裝置之第三廣播信號；及 確疋”亥第二廣播信號存在，則解碼一來自該第三 播信號之第二識別符。 11 ·如請求項丨0之 該第二識別符 12 ·如請求項1 〇之 一者中該用於 方法’其中根據該時間計數器變數來解碼 〇 方法’其中自該等對等裝置發現間隔之每 收聽之部分中排除該至少一個所選符號。 117860.doc 200814811 1 3 ·如請求項1 〇之方法，其中 Τ Θ #料裝置發現㈣之每一 者内選定用於廣播該第二信號 兮算對！"恭 “虎之該至卜個符號對應於 ㈣對等裝置發現間隔之每—者之持續時間之3〇%以 下’且其中該用於收聽之部分對應於該等對等裝置 間隔之每一者之該持續時間之至少7〇%。 Λ 14.如請求項10之方法，其進一步包括： 將該經解碼之第二識別符添加至一第一識別符清單， 其中該第-識別符清單代表所谓測終端機。 15·如請求項1〇之方法，其進一步包括·· 儲存一第二夥伴識別符清單； 將該經解碼之第二識別符與該第二夥伴識別符清單中 之夥伴識別符相比較；及 ;^該比較結果顯示該經解碼之第二識別符大致類似於 該第二夥伴識別符清單中該等夥伴識別符中之一特定夥 伴識別符，則將該經解碼之第二識別符標記為該等夥伴 識別符中之該特定夥伴識別符。 16·如請求項15之方法，其進一步包括： 將一信號傳輸至與該經解碼之第二識別符相關聯之對 等裝置；及 通知該對等裝置其已得到識別。 17·如凊求項9之方法，其中該時間計數器變數之值自該第 一對等裝置發現間隔序列中一對等裝置發現間隔至另一 對等裝置發現間隔而改變，且該等對等裝置發現間隔中 每一者内該至少一個所選符號之位置自一對等裝置發現 117860.doc 200814811 間隔至另一對等裝置發現間隔而改變。 18·如請求項17之方法，其中該第二信號包含一頻調。 19·如明求項18之方法，其中根據該第一識別符及該時間計 數器變數來選擇該頻調之頻率位置，且該頻調之該頻率 位置自該第一對等裝置發現間隔中一對等裝置發現間隔 至另一對等裝置發現間隔而改變。 20·如請求項18之方法，其中該頻調之傳輸功率較同一符號 中任何其他頻調之傳輸功率至少高1 〇倍。 ^ ^ 21· 一種無線通信設備，其包括： 一記憶體，其保持與如下作業相關之指令··自一信號 源獲得一第一信號及根據該所獲得之第一信號來識別一 第一對等裝置發現間隔序列之時間位置；及 耦接至该A憶體之處理器，其經組態以執行保持於 該記憶體中之該等指令。 22. 如請求項21之無線通信設備，其中該第一信號被週期性 地接收且係一信標信號、一PN(偽隨機）序列信號、或一 J 導頻信號中之一者。 23. 如請求項21之無線通信設備，其中一第二無線終端機自 該信號源接收該第一信號並確定一第二對等 隔序列，其中該第二序列與該第一序列在時間上= 疊。 24. 如請求項23之無線通信設備，其中該記憶體進一步保持 用於如下作業之指令：根據—與該第二無線終端機共同 知曉之預定協定來確定該第一對等裝置發現間隔序列。 117860.doc -4- 200814811 25.如請求項21之無線通信設備，其中該記憶體進一步保持 用於如下作業之指令：使該第一序列中兩個連續對等裝 置务現間隔隔開一為該兩個連續對等裝置發現間隔中任 者之時間長度之至少5倍之時間量。 26·如明求項21之無線通信設備，其中該記憶體進一步保持 用於如下作業之指令：在_對等I置發現間隔之一開始 之别及在該對等裝置發現間隔之一結束之後，分別變換 至/自一接通狀態。 7.如明求項2丨之無線通信設備，其中該記憶體進一步保持 用於如下作業之指令：根據一第一識別符及一自該第一 信號導出之時間計數器變數來選擇該第一序列中該等對 等裝置發現間隔中每-者内之至少—個符號；及在該等 所選符號之每一者上廣播一第二信號。 如明求項27之無線通信設備’其中該記憶體進—步保持 心如下作業之指令：在該等對等裝置發現間隔之每一 {) 者部分期間進行收聽；在-當前對等裝置發現間隔 j忒用於收聽之部分期間，偵測一來自一對等裝置之第 二廣播信號；及在偵測到該第三廣播信號時，解碼一來 自该第三廣播信號之第二識別符。 明求項28之無線通信設備，其中該記憶體進—步保持 :於如下作業之指令：根據該時間計數器變數來解碼該 第二識別符。 3〇.如請求項28之無線通信設備，其中該記憶體進-步保持 於如下作業之指令：自該等對等裝置發現間隔之每一 117860.doc 200814811 有之该收聽相 ，州刀- η u ”〜4 / 一调所選符號。 3!•如言，求項28之無線通信設備，其中該記憶體進—步 :於如：作業之扣令.在該等對等裝置發現間隔之每— 者之持績時間之30%以下期間進行廣播並在每_ 間之其餘部分期間進行收聽。 、1年 32·Γ求項Μ之無線通信設備，其中該記«進-步伴持 用於如下作業之指令：將該經解碼之第二識別符系力书持 —代表所偵測終端機之第—識別符清單。 〇至 33.”求項28之無線通信設備，其中該記憶體進 -弟二夥伴識別符清單及用於如下作 …呆持 解碼之第二識別符盥咳第_、主ηβ 一曰7 .將該經 較.及在兮纟-絲^、°第早中之夥伴識別符相比 / 讀碼H料大致類似於㈣二、生單 =等夥伴識別符中—特㈣伴識別符時，將: :::識別符識別為該等夥伴識別符中之該特定夥:識 之無線通信設備，其中該記憶體進 :於如下作業之指令:在該第一序列中對等裝置發現:： 發現間隔中每使在㈣對等裝置 發現間隔中| ^ ^ν. _ , 々 者内該至少一個所選符 哲叫 ·，丨〜Μ孤之位置自一斜 35如：：發現間隔至另一對等裝置發現間隔而改變。 •用I:項34之無線通信設備，其中該記憶體進-步保持 器變數下！=指Γ ··依據該第一識別符及該時間計數 於該第:中對等裝置發現間隔基礎上，選擇-包含 第一4唬中之頻調之頻率位置。 117860.doc 200814811 36. 37. Π 38· 一種能夠在—點對點網路中實現用於對等裝置發現 間週期同步化之無線通信設備，其包括： 用於自一信號源接收一第-信號之構件；及 用於根據β亥第-仏號來確定—第一對等裝置發現間隔 序列之時間位置之構件。 如請求項36之無線通信設備，其進-步包括用於週期性 地接收該第-信號之構件，其中該第—信號係一信標信 號、-ΡΝ(偽隨機)序列信號或一導頻信號中之一者。 39. 如請求項36之無線通信設備，其進一步包括同步化構 件’其用於將該第一對等裝置發現間隔序列與一由一對 等裝置確定位置的第二對等裝置發現間隔序列同步化。 如明求項36之無線通信設備，其進一步包括隔開構件， 其用於將該第-序列中之連續對等裝置發現間隔隔開一 為該等連續對等裝置發現間隔中每—者之持續時間之至 少5倍長之時間。 40. 41. 如請求項36之無線通信設備，其進一步包括切換構件， 其用於在一對等裝置發現間隔之一結束之後或一開始之 前分別切換至/自一省電狀態。 如請求項36之無線通信設備，其進一步包括： 選擇構件，其用於根據一第一識別符及一自該第一信 號導出之時間計數器變數，來選擇該第一序列中該等對 荨破置發現間隔中每一者内之至少一個符號；及 傳輸構件，其用於在該等所選符號之每一者上傳輸一 弟一信號之廣播。 117860.doc 200814811 42.如請求項41之無線通信設備，其進一步包括： 收聽構件，其用於在該等對等裝置發現間隔之每一者 之一部分期間進行收聽； 偵測構件，其用於在一當前對等裝置發現間隔之該用 於收聽之部分期間’制一來自一對等裝置之第三廣播 信號；及 解碼構件，其用於在债測到該第三廣播信號時根據續 時間計數器變數’來解碼一來自該第三廣播信號之第二 識別符。 43.如請求項42之無線通信設備，其進一步包括強制執行構 件’其用於強制執行該等對等裝置發現間隔之每—者之 持續時間中-詩在該等所選符號上傳輸該廣播之最大 百分比。 44.如請求項41之無線通信設備，其進一步包括： U 改變構件’其用於使該時間計數器變數自一對等裝置 發現間隔至下一對等裝置發現間隔而改變； 、 改變構件，其用於使該等對等裝置發現間隔之每一者 内該至少-個所選符號之位置自一對等裝置發現間隔至 另一對等裝置發現間隔而改變；及 選擇構件’其用於依據該第一識別符及該經 計數器變數’在每一對等裝置發現間隔基礎上，選擇二 包含於該第二信號中之頻調之頻率位置。 ' 45. -種上面儲存有機器可執行指令之機器可讀媒體 機器可執行指令用於： 117860.doc 200814811 自一基地台獲得—第一信號；及 根據該所獲得之第一信號 ^ ^ a# ^ ^ , 對専襞置發現間隔 J之㈣位置’根據該所獲得之信號使該序列與一點 對點網路中之對等裝置之不同序列同步化。 46. 如請求項45之機器可讀媒體，該等機器可執行指令進— 步二括：週期性地接收該第一信號，其中該第一信號係 標信號、—PN(偽隨機）序列信號或-導頻信號中之 一者。 r Ο 47. 如請求項45之機器可讀媒體，該等機器可執行指令進— 步包括：使該序財之連續對等裝置發現間隔隔開-為 該等連續對等裝置發現間隔中每—者之時間長度之至少 5倍長之持續時間。 48. 如請求項45之機器可讀媒體，該等機器可執行指令進— 乂包括.根據-第-識別符及一自該第一信號導出之時 料數H魏，來選擇該序财該等料裝置發現間隔 中每者内之至少一個符號；及在該等所選符號之每一 者上廣播一第二信號。 49.如請求項48之機器可讀媒體，該等機器可執行指令進一 步包括：在該等對等裝置發現間隔之每一者之一部分期 間進行收聽；在一當前對等裝置發現間隔之該用於收聽 之部分期間’制-來自-對等裝置之第三廣播信號； 及在偵測到该第二廣播信號時，解碼一來自該第三廣播 信號之第二識別符。 50· —種於一無線通信系統中之設備，其包括·· 117860.doc 200814811
    一處理器，其經組態以： 自一基地台獲得一週期性信號；及 根據該所獲得之週期性信號來識別一對等裝置發現間 隔序列之時間位置，其中使該對等裝置發現間隔序列在 一點對點網路之對等裝置之間同步化。 117860.doc 10-
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TW096101137A TWI348326B (en) 2006-01-11 2007-01-11 Communication methods and apparatus related to wireless terminal monitoring for and use of beacon signals
TW096101127A TWI343727B (en) 2006-01-11 2007-01-11 Methods and apparatus relating to wireless terminal beacon signal generation, transmission, and/or use
TW096101176A TWI339042B (en) 2006-01-11 2007-01-11 Communication methods and apparatus relating to cooperative and non-cooperative modes of operation
TW096101180A TWI351189B (en) 2006-01-11 2007-01-11 Wireless communication methods and apparatus supporting multiple modes
TW096101125A TWI383642B (zh) 2006-01-11 2007-01-11 關於包括無線終端機信標信號之使用的時序及／或同步之方法及裝置
TW096101120A TWI361013B (en) 2006-01-11 2007-01-11 Wireless communication methods and apparatus suppo

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TWI495298B (zh) * 2008-05-19 2015-08-01 Qualcomm Inc 用於無線通信之裝置及方法
US9198017B2 (en) 2008-05-19 2015-11-24 Qualcomm Incorporated Infrastructure assisted discovery in a wireless peer-to-peer network
US9848314B2 (en) 2008-05-19 2017-12-19 Qualcomm Incorporated Managing discovery in a wireless peer-to-peer network

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