JP5706159B2 - 自己分散型顔料ならびにその製造方法および使用 - Google Patents
自己分散型顔料ならびにその製造方法および使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5706159B2 JP5706159B2 JP2010522080A JP2010522080A JP5706159B2 JP 5706159 B2 JP5706159 B2 JP 5706159B2 JP 2010522080 A JP2010522080 A JP 2010522080A JP 2010522080 A JP2010522080 A JP 2010522080A JP 5706159 B2 JP5706159 B2 JP 5706159B2
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- Prior art keywords
- pigment
- acid
- compound
- carbon black
- sodium
- Prior art date
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- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 title claims description 395
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 104
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 229950000244 sulfanilic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanuric chloride Chemical compound ClC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229960004050 aminobenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- BLFLLBZGZJTVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzocaine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 BLFLLBZGZJTVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- XETSAYZRDCRPJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-aminobenzoate Chemical compound [Na+].NC1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 XETSAYZRDCRPJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VPWFPZBFBFHIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium 4-[(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazenyl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N=NC1=C(O)C(C([O-])=O)=CC2=CC=CC=C12 VPWFPZBFBFHIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960003080 taurine Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- ZAJAQTYSTDTMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1 ZAJAQTYSTDTMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PJBDTVMCDMFOCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-aminobenzoate;tetramethylazanium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C.NC1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 PJBDTVMCDMFOCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- ZUHKCAWBDXPKQZ-KVVVOXFISA-M sodium (Z)-2-aminooctadec-9-enoate Chemical compound NC(C(=O)[O-])CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC.[Na+] ZUHKCAWBDXPKQZ-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- JMUGMTJKQOAQBS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-aminophenolate Chemical compound [Na+].NC1=CC=C([O-])C=C1 JMUGMTJKQOAQBS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KSVSZLXDULFGDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-aminobenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 KSVSZLXDULFGDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-oxazine Chemical compound N1OC=CC=C1 BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinacridone Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=C2 NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N thioindigo Chemical compound S\1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C/1=C1/C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2S1 JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 95
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 93
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 82
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 63
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 51
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 51
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 44
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- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 23
- DMSMPAJRVJJAGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NSC2=C1 DMSMPAJRVJJAGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 22
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- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 16
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940117841 methacrylic acid copolymer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001923 methylcellulose Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009149 molecular binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003330 pentetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodiglycol Chemical compound OCCSCCO YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001052 yellow pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C09D17/00—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints
- C09D17/003—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints containing an organic pigment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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- C09B68/20—Organic pigments surface-modified by grafting, e.g. by establishing covalent or complex bonds, in order to improve the pigment properties, e.g. dispersibility or rheology characterised by the process features
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- C09B68/40—Organic pigments surface-modified by grafting, e.g. by establishing covalent or complex bonds, in order to improve the pigment properties, e.g. dispersibility or rheology characterised by the chemical nature of the attached groups
- C09B68/41—Polymers attached to the pigment surface
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- C09B68/00—Organic pigments surface-modified by grafting, e.g. by establishing covalent or complex bonds, in order to improve the pigment properties, e.g. dispersibility or rheology
- C09B68/40—Organic pigments surface-modified by grafting, e.g. by establishing covalent or complex bonds, in order to improve the pigment properties, e.g. dispersibility or rheology characterised by the chemical nature of the attached groups
- C09B68/44—Non-ionic groups, e.g. halogen, OH or SH
- C09B68/443—Carboxylic acid derivatives, e.g. carboxylic acid amides, carboxylic acid esters or CN groups
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- C09B68/00—Organic pigments surface-modified by grafting, e.g. by establishing covalent or complex bonds, in order to improve the pigment properties, e.g. dispersibility or rheology
- C09B68/40—Organic pigments surface-modified by grafting, e.g. by establishing covalent or complex bonds, in order to improve the pigment properties, e.g. dispersibility or rheology characterised by the chemical nature of the attached groups
- C09B68/44—Non-ionic groups, e.g. halogen, OH or SH
- C09B68/446—Amines or polyamines, e.g. aminopropyl, 1,3,4,-triamino-pentyl or polyethylene imine
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- C09B68/40—Organic pigments surface-modified by grafting, e.g. by establishing covalent or complex bonds, in order to improve the pigment properties, e.g. dispersibility or rheology characterised by the chemical nature of the attached groups
- C09B68/46—Aromatic cyclic groups
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- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
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- C09C1/48—Carbon black
- C09C1/56—Treatment of carbon black ; Purification
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- C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
- C09C3/08—Treatment with low-molecular-weight non-polymer organic compounds
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- C09D11/00—Inks
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- C09D11/32—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents
- C09D11/322—Pigment inks
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Description
本発明は自己分散型顔料の製造方法に関する。より詳しくは、本発明は顔料の表面改質に関する。表面が共有結合により改質されている顔料は、自己分散型顔料として産業界では周知である。この表面改質は水性環境中で行なうことができ、環境にやさしいと言える。さらに本発明は、表面改質した顔料を含む最終用途、例えば、これらに限定されるものではないが、被覆剤、塗料、紙、接着剤、ラテックス、トナー、布地、繊維、プラスチックおよびインクに関する。最終用途の具体例としては、これらに限定されるものではないが、紙、布地、繊維、金属修飾およびプラスチック用の印刷インク、ウッドステイン、筆記用具およびカラーフィルターなどが挙げられる。また本発明は、インクジェットインクなどのインク類にも関する。
顔料は、それがインク、被覆剤、塗料、紙、接着剤、ラテックス、トナー、布地、繊維、ウッドステイン、カラーフィルターおよびプラスチックの状態になると、水溶性染料よりも優れたいくつかの有利な点がある。顔料は、水溶性染料に比べると、優れた耐光性、耐水性、光学濃度および縁部明瞭度の少なくとも1つを示すことができる。しかし残念なことに、顔料は、保存中に沈殿しやすい傾向もあり、そのため、当初はインクジェットインクなどの厳しい用途ではそれらの使用が限定されている。コロイドを安定させる化学添加剤と組み合わせて顔料粒子をサブミクロンレベルに粉砕する媒体ミルが登場すると、インクジェットインク配合物における顔料分散液の使用が進んだ。しかし、化学添加剤は分散液の粘度を上昇させるため、インクジェットプリントヘッド内の小さな開口部からインクを噴射するのが困難になる可能性がある。さらに、化学添加剤は、上述の物質の調製に関するコストを大幅に増やす可能性があり、したがって経済的にも好ましくない。また、化学添加剤(すなわち分散剤)は顔料の表面へ結合されていなくてもよいため、安定化の点で支障をきたす場合がある。よって、化学添加剤を用いる既存の染料ベース系および色素系に主として関わっている問題の少なくとも一部を解消する、特にインクジェットプリンターで使用するためのインク組成物の改良が依然求められている。さらに、化学添加剤を用いる既存の染料ベース系および色素系に主として関わっている問題の少なくとも一部を解消する、顔料を使用する物質の改良も依然求められている。
一態様では、本発明は、塩化シアヌルを約3当量の第2の化合物または第2の化合物の混合物と反応させ、全反応性塩素を置換して置換トリアジンを形成させることを含み得る、顔料の改質方法を提供することができる。また、置換トリアジンを顔料の表面と反応させ、表面改質顔料を形成させることもできる。
本発明のすべての実施形態を詳細に説明する前に、本発明はその適用において、以下の説明で記載した構造の詳細および構成要素の配置に限定されないことを理解されたい。本発明は、他の実施形態をとることが可能で、様々な方法で実施および実行することができる。また、本明細書で用いる表現および用語は説明をするためのものであり、限定するものとみなすべきではないことを理解されたい。「包含する」、「含む」または「有する」、ならびにこれらの異種表現の使用は、本明細書では、それ以降に列記する項目およびそれと同等の項目ならびに追加項目を包含することを意味する。
本発明の一態様は、安定な自己分散型顔料の製造方法に関する。
(1) 顔料(P)をX-Y反応基を有する反応性化合物およびハロゲン含有試薬と反応させ、顔料(P)の表面に反応基X-Yを結合させ、それにより顔料反応性中間体(P)X-Yを形成させるステップ;および
(2) 顔料反応性中間体(P)X-Yを第2の化合物N-S-ZMと反応させ、自己分散型顔料(P)-X-S-ZMを形成させるステップ(「置換ステップ」)
を一般に含む。この実施形態の一例は、これらに限定されるものではないが、反応基X-Yを顔料の表面に結合させるステップ;および、次いで、Yを有機基質N-S-ZMで置換し、X-N-S-ZMが結合した表面改質顔料を形成するステップを含んでいてもよい顔料の改質方法を包含し得る。
(1) X-Y反応基を有する反応性化合物を第2の化合物N-S-ZMと反応させ、置換反応性中間体X-S-ZMを形成させるステップ(「置換ステップ」);および
(2) 顔料(P)を置換反応性中間体X-S-ZMと反応させ、第2の置換反応を用いて、置換反応性中間体X-S-ZMを顔料の表面に結合させて自己分散型顔料(P)-X-S-ZMを形成させるステップ
を含んでいてもよい。この実施形態の一例は、これらに限定されるものではないが、X-[Y]n反応基を有する反応性化合物を第2の化合物N-S-ZMと反応させ、置換反応性中間体[Y]a-X-(N-S-ZM)bを形成させるステップ;顔料と置換反応性中間体[Y]a-X-(N-S-ZM)bを反応させ、置換反応性中間体を顔料の表面に結合させて表面改質顔料を形成させるステップ(この場合、nは1〜3の整数であり;bは1〜3の整数であり;かつa=n-bであり;ここでnがbと同じであるかbより大きい場合であって、かつ、bが2または3であるならば、N-S-ZMはそれぞれ、同一であっても異なっていてもよい)を含んでいてもよい顔料の改質方法を包含し得る。一実施形態では、bが2または3である場合、N-S-ZMはそれぞれ異なっていてもよい。
(1) X-Y反応基を有する反応性化合物を第2の化合物N-S-ZMと反応させ、第1の置換反応性中間体X-S-ZMを形成させるステップ(「置換ステップ」)と、
(2) X-Y反応基を有する反応性化合物をステップ(1)とは異なる第2の化合物N2-S2-Z2M2と反応させ、第2の置換反応性中間体X-S2-Z2M2を形成させるステップ(「置換ステップ」);
(3) 顔料(P)と置換反応性中間体X-S-ZMおよびX-S2-Z2M2を反応させ、置換反応性中間体を結合させて自己分散型顔料Z2M2-S2-X-(P)-X-S-ZMを形成させるステップ
を含んでいてもよい。場合により、S-ZMおよびS2-Z2M2は同一であってもよく、すべての反応基が置換されてもよい。顔料表面への最終的結合は、ラジカル(radical)が介在する不均化反応の1つであってもよい。
(1) 粉砕助剤を使用し、顔料を粉砕および分散させ、水性顔料分散液を形成させるステップ;
(2) X-Y反応基を有する反応性化合物を第2の化合物N-S-ZMと反応させ、第1の置換反応性中間体X-S-ZMを形成させるステップ(「置換ステップ」);
(3) X-Y反応基を有する反応性化合物をステップ(2)とは異なる第2の化合物N2-S2-Z2M2と反応させ、第2の置換反応性中間体X-S2-Z2M2を形成させるステップ(「置換ステップ」);
(4) 粉砕助剤で事前粉砕しておいた顔料(P)を置換反応性中間体X-S-ZMおよびX-S2-Z2M2と反応させ、ラジカル開始反応を用いて、置換反応性中間体X-S-ZMおよびX-S2-Z2M2を顔料の表面へ結合させて自己分散型顔料Z2M2-S2-X-(P)(R)-X-S-ZMを形成させるステップ;および
(5) 自己分散型顔料を精製し、粉砕助剤をはじめとする不純物を除去するステップ
を含んでいてもよい。場合により、S-ZMおよびS2-Z2M2は同一であってもよい。
本発明にしたがって表面改質することのできる顔料としては、アゾ顔料、フタロシアニン顔料、アントラキノン顔料、キナクリドン顔料、チオインディゴ顔料、トリフェニルメタンレーキ顔料、およびオキサジンレーキ顔料を挙げることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。具体的には、黄色の色調を有するものとしては、例えば、C.I.ピグメントイエロー1、2、3、4、5、6、10、12、13、14、16、17、65、74、83、97、138、150、151および155が挙げられる。赤色の色調を有するものとしては、例えば、C.I.ピグメントレッド1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、21、22、23、31、32、37、38、41、48、49、50、51、52、57、58、60、64、83、88、89、90、112、114、122、123、166、188、202、C.I.ピグメントバイオレット19および23が挙げられる。青色の色調を有するものとしては、例えば、C.I.ピグメントブルー1、2、15、15:3、15:4、16、25および75が挙げられる。緑色の色調を有するものは、例えば、C.I.ピグメントグリーン7および36が挙げられる。黒色の色調を有するものとしては、例えば、C.I.ピグメントブラック1および7が挙げられる。市販されている着色顔料としては、例えばピグメントレッド122およびピグメントバイオレット19(Lansco Colors, Montvale, NJ、またはBASF Color, Charlotte, NC、またはClariant Colors, Charlotte, NC、またはSun Chemical, Cincinnati, OHから販売されているもの)、ピグメントブルー15:1(Fanwood Chemical, Fanwood, NJから販売されているもの)、ピグメントブルー15:3、ピグメント15:4、ピグメントイエロー74およびピグメントイエロー97(BASF Color, Charlotte, NC、またはClariant Colors, Charlotte, NC、またはSun Chemical, Cincinnati, OHから販売されているもの)が挙げられる。
上記反応の完了後、自己分散型顔料は、乾燥粉末として反応混合物から単離することができる。得られた改質顔料は、当業者に公知の様々な技術を用いて精製し、未反応の原材料、副生成物の塩、および他の反応不純物を除去することができる。精製法としては、濾過法、遠心分離法、またはこの2つの組み合わせを挙げることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。また、改質顔料は、例えば蒸発によって単離することもでき、あるいは当業者に公知の技術を用いて、濾過および乾燥により回収することができる。
本自己分散型顔料は、スルホン酸基またはカルボン酸基が結合した顔料粒子で予測されるものよりも、長時間高温安定性、耐水性および耐ハイライター性(highlighter fastness)の少なくとも1つを示し、また、ハイスピードの噴射用途での使用に適した粒度分布を有し得る。
本発明による自己分散型顔料は、数多くの最終使用用途において用いることができる。これらの用途としては、被覆剤、塗料、紙、接着剤、ラテックス、トナー、布地、繊維、プラスチック、およびインクが挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。具体的な例としては、これらに限定されるものではないが、紙、布地、繊維、金属修飾およびプラスチック用の印刷インク、ウッドステイン、筆記用具およびカラーフィルターなどが挙げられる。本発明の方法により生産される自己分散型顔料は、印刷用途およびウッドステインにおける使用に特に好適である。一実施例では、本発明の顔料を加えるインクジェットインクは、インクジェットフォトプリンタでの高品質印刷において役立ち得る。
1) 印刷媒体上に高解像度および高密度の均一でブリードのない画像を提供する;
2) ノズルの先端でのインク乾燥によって起こる典型的なノズルの目詰まりを起こさない;
3) 紙の上で速やかに乾燥する;
4) 良好な耐光性および耐水性を示す;
5) 良好な長期間保存安定性を示す;
6) 紙の品質に関係のない印刷特性を示す。
本発明の別の態様は、ウッドステインおよび被覆剤としての、上記の自己分散型顔料を使用する水性製剤に関する。こうした顔料を含有するウッドステインは、以下の特性の少なくとも1つを示すことができる:1) 良好な木材吸収および付着;2) 良好な透明度;3) 優れた耐水性および耐光性。
こうした顔料を含有するコーティング剤は、以下の特性の少なくとも1つを示し得る:1) 金属、紙、ガラス、プラスチックおよび木材などの基材に対する良好な付着;2) 塗布および乾燥の容易性;3) 良好な耐候性、耐水性および耐光性;4) 良好な光沢保持率;5) 良好な耐薬品性および耐凝集性。
本発明の別の態様は、カラーフィルターにおける、上記自己分散型顔料を使用する水性製剤に関する。カラーフィルターは、これらに限定されるものではないが、デスクトップモニター/ラップトップスクリーン、LCDテレビスクリーン、携帯電話表示パネル、デジタルカメラスクリーン、およびGPSパネルといった、ディスプレイ画像分野での用途がある。本発明の顔料を含有するカラーフィルター製剤は、以下の特性の少なくとも1つを示し得る:1) ガラスおよびプラスチックフィルム基材への良好な付着;2) 良好な透明度;3) 塗布および乾燥の容易性;4) 良好な耐熱性および耐光性。
本発明の別の態様は、捺染用途における、上記自己分散型顔料を使用する水性製剤に関する。本発明の顔料を含有する捺染製剤は、以下の特性の少なくとも1つを示し得る:1) 織物(例えば、綿、ナイロン、ポリエステル、羊毛、ポリアクリル酸、またはそれらの混紡物)に対する良好な付着;2) 塗布および乾燥の容易性;3) 良好な耐水性および耐光性;4) 良好な洗濯堅牢度。
本発明の要旨を、以下に示す。
(1) 塩化シアヌルを、約3当量の第2の化合物または第2の化合物の混合物と反応させ、全反応性塩素を置換して置換トリアジンを形成させるステップ;および
前記置換トリアジンを顔料の表面と反応させ、表面改質顔料を形成させるステップ
を含む、顔料の改質方法。
(2) ラジカル開始剤を使用して前記置換トリアジンを顔料の表面と反応させ、表面改質顔料を形成させることをさらに含む、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(3) ラジカル開始剤が過硫酸塩を含む、前記(2)に記載の方法。
(4) 第2の化合物の混合物が1種、2種または3種の異なる第2の化合物を含んでいてもよい、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(5) 前記方法が約25℃〜約90℃の温度で実施される、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(6) 第2の化合物または第2の化合物の混合物が、アミノ安息香酸、アミノベンゼンスルホン酸、アミノフェノール、アミノスルホン酸、ポリエトキシ化アミノ酸、スルファニル酸ナトリウム、スルファニル酸、p-アミノ安息香酸ナトリウム、p-アミノフェノール、4-アミノ安息香酸エチル、4-アミノ安息香酸テトラメチルアンモニウム、ナトリウム4-アミノフェノラート、タウリン、オレイン酸(アミノ)、アミノオレイン酸ナトリウム、有機高分子基質、直鎖状ポリエトキシ高分子アミン、直鎖状プロポキシ高分子アミン、ジアミノ芳香族化合物、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリグアニジン、第4級アンモニウム化合物、またはそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも1種を含む、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(7) 顔料がカーボンブラック、ピグメントレッド122、ピグメントバイオレット19、ピグメントバイオレット23、ピグメントレッド202、ピグメントレッド188、ピグメントイエロー155、ピグメントイエロー97、ピグメントグリーン7、ピグメントブルー15:3、ピグメントブルー15:4、ピグメントイエロー74、およびそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも1種を含む、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(8) 顔料を置換トリアジンと反応させる前、途中または後に、顔料を約100nm未満に粉砕することをさらに含む、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(9) 表面改質顔料が、顔料1グラム当たり約0.01〜約1.0ミリモルのSおよび約0.01〜約2.0ミリモルの活性水素を含む、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(10) X-[Y] n 反応基を有する反応性化合物を第2の化合物N-S-ZMと反応させ、置換反応性中間体[Y] a -X-(N-S-ZM) b を形成するステップ;および
顔料を置換反応性中間体[Y] a -X-(N-S-ZM) b と反応させ、置換反応性中間体を顔料の表面に結合させて表面改質顔料を形成させるステップ
を含む、顔料の改質方法
[式中、
Xはスルホニル、ホスホリルまたは1,3,5-トリアジニル基であり;
Yはハロゲン脱離基であり;
Nは求核基であり;
Sは有機基であり;
ZMはイオン化可能な末端基であり;
nは1〜3の整数であり;
bは1〜3の整数であり;
a = n-bであり;
ここで、nはbと等しいか、bよりも大きく;
また、bが2または3である場合、N-S-ZMはそれぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよい]。
(11) bが2または3であり、N-S-ZMがそれぞれ異なる、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(12) 顔料が粉末形態または湿潤ケーキ形態であり、置換中間体との反応の前に粉砕助剤で粉砕される、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(13) Yがフッ素、塩素、臭素またはヨウ素の少なくとも1つを含む、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(14) Nがアミン、イミン、ピリジンまたはチオール基の少なくとも1つを含む、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(15) Sが置換または非置換のアルキル、アリール、および分子量範囲が約300〜約8000である高分子鎖の少なくとも1つを含む、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(16) Zがカルボキシル、スルホニル、フェノールまたはホスホリル基の少なくとも1つを含み、Mが塩形態のプロトンまたはカチオンの少なくとも1つを含む、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(17) 第2の化合物N-S-ZMがポリマー、アミン、アミノ酸、アルコール、チオールおよびそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも1つを含む、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(18) 第2の化合物N-S-ZMがアミノ安息香酸、アミノベンゼンスルホン酸、アミノフェノール、アミノスルホン酸、ポリエトキシ化アミノ酸、スルファニル酸ナトリウム、スルファニル酸、p-アミノ安息香酸ナトリウム、p-アミノフェノール、4-アミノ安息香酸エチル、タウリン、オレイン酸(アミノ)、4-アミノ安息香酸テトラメチルアンモニウム、ナトリウム4-アミノフェノレート、ナトリウムアミノオレエート、有機高分子基質、およびそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも1つを含む、前記(17)に記載の方法。
(19) 有機高分子基質が、直鎖状アルキル、および約300〜約3000の分子量を有する分岐鎖状エトキシおよびプロポキシ鎖ポリマー、直鎖状ポリエトキシ高分子アミン、直鎖状プロポキシ高分子アミン、スチレンアクリル酸コポリマー、ポリエチレンイミン、およびそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも1つを含む、前記(18)に記載の方法。
(20) Zがアンモニウム、トリメチルアンモニウムまたはトリブチルアンモニウムの少なくとも1つを含み、Mがハロゲン化物または負荷電イオンの少なくとも1つを含む、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(21) 第2の化合物N-S-ZMがジアミノ芳香族化合物、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリグアニジン、第4級アンモニウム化合物またはそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも1つを含む、前記(20)に記載の方法。
(22) 顔料がカーボンブラック、ピグメントレッド122、ピグメントバイオレット19、ピグメントバイオレット23、ピグメントレッド202、ピグメントレッド188、ピグメントイエロー155、ピグメントイエロー97、ピグメントグリーン7、ピグメントブルー15:3、ピグメントブルー15:4およびピグメントイエロー74、ならびにそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも1種を含む、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(23) 顔料を置換反応性中間体と反応させる前、途中または後に、顔料を約100nm未満に粉砕するステップをさらに含む、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(24) 置換反応性中間体[Y] a -X-(N-S-ZM) b に電荷平衡対イオンが伴っており、対イオンをアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、NR 1 R 2 R 3 H + [式中、R 1 、R 2 およびR 3 は、独立して、Hであるか、置換もしくは非置換のC 1 -C 5 アルキル基である]およびそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも1つで少なくとも部分的に置換することをさらに含む、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(25) 対イオンがK+、Li+、NH 4 +、モノエタノールアンモニウム、テトラエチルアンモニウム、トリエタノールアンモニウム、テトラメチルアンモニウム、テトラブチルアンモニウムおよびそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも1つで部分的に置換されている、前記(24)に記載の方法。
(26) 表面改質顔料が、顔料1グラム当たり約0.01〜約1.0ミリモルのSおよび約0.01〜約2.0ミリモルの活性水素を含む、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(27)表面改質顔料が、顔料1グラム当たり約0.06〜約0.7ミリモルのSおよび約0.07〜約1.6ミリモルの活性水素を含む、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(28) 表面改質顔料が、顔料1グラム当たり約0.168〜約0.430ミリモルのSおよび約0.07〜約0.313ミリモルの活性水素を含むピグメントブルー15を含む、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(29) 表面改質顔料が、顔料1グラム当たり約0.062〜約0.187ミリモルのSおよび約0.077〜約0.394ミリモルの活性水素を含むピグメントレッド122を含む、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(30) 表面改質顔料が、顔料1グラム当たり約0.131〜約0.178ミリモルのSおよび約0.192〜約0.290ミリモルの活性水素を含むピグメントイエロー74を含む、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(31) 表面改質顔料が、顔料1グラム当たり約0.103〜約0.702ミリモルのSおよび約0.203〜約1.579ミリモルの活性水素を含むカーボンブラックを含む、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(32) 表面改質顔料が約100〜約6500ppmの量のナトリウム、および約30〜約1200ppmの量のカリウムを含む、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(33) 表面改質顔料が約50ppm〜約2600ppmの量の硫黄を含む、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(34) 表面改質顔料が、
ほぼ均一に分布している約0.7〜2.7原子%のNH/N-C=N基;
約6.8〜20.9%の原子比率の酸素(ここで、少なくとも約51〜62%の酸素はC=O、COONaまたはSOx基として存在し、残りはC-O基として存在し、SOxはSの酸化形である);
約0.7〜2.6原子%のCOONa/SO 3 Na
が結合しているカーボンブラックを含む表面改質カーボンブラックであって、該表面改質カーボンブラックの表面に存在するSの少なくとも90%が酸化S(SO x )である、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(35) SOxがスルホン、スルフェートまたはスルホン酸の少なくとも1つを含む、前記(34)に記載の方法。
(36) 表面改質顔料が、少なくとも約2.5原子%の表面酸素含有量を有する表面改質ピグメントブルー15である、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(37) 表面改質顔料が、約8.3〜約9.8原子%の表面酸素含有量を有し、全てのOのうち約24%〜約32%がC-O結合として存在する表面改質ピグメントレッド122である、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(38) 表面改質顔料が、約21.6〜約29.3原子%の表面酸素含有量を有し、約42%〜約48%がC=O、COONa/CSO 3 Naとして存在する表面改質ピグメントイエロー74である、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(39) 表面改質顔料を水性顔料分散液へ加えることをさらに含む、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(40) 表面改質顔料をウッドステイン、被覆剤、インクジェットインク、カラーフィルター、もしくは捺染インク、またはそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも1種に加えることをさらに含む、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(41) X-[Y] n 反応基が塩化シアヌルであり、第2の化合物N-S-ZMが4-アミノ安息香酸、スルファニル酸、4-アミノフェノール、タウリン、オレイン酸(アミノ)、直鎖状ポリエトキシ高分子アミン、プロポキシ高分子アミン、またはそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも1つである、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(42) X-[Y] n 反応基が塩化シアヌルであり、第2の化合物が4-アミノ安息香酸および高分子アミンである、前記(11)に記載の方法。
(43) 表面改質顔料が自己分散型顔料である、前記(10)に記載の方法。
(44) 反応基を顔料表面に結合させるステップ;および
次いで、反応基を、イオン化可能な末端基を有する有機基質と置換するステップ
を含み、
この場合、顔料がピグメントレッド122、ピグメントバイオレット19、ピグメントバイオレット23、ピグメントレッド202、ピグメントレッド188、ピグメントイエロー155、ピグメントイエロー97、ピグメントグリーン7、ピグメントブルー15:3、ピグメントブルー15:4およびピグメントイエロー74からなる群から選択される、顔料の改質方法。
(45) 反応基X-Yを顔料表面に結合させるステップ;および
次いで、Yを有機基質N-S-ZMで置換し、X-N-S-ZMが結合した表面改質顔料を形成させるステップを含む顔料の改質方法
[式中、
Xはスルホニル、ホスホリルまたは1,3,5-トリアジン基であり;
Yはフッ素、塩素、臭素またはヨウ素であり;
Nはアミン、イミン、ピリジンまたはチオール基であり;
Sは置換もしくは非置換のアルキル、アリール、または分子量範囲が約300〜約8000の高分子鎖であり;
Zはカルボキシル、スルホニル、フェノール、ホスホリル、アンモニウム、トリメチルアンモニウムまたはトリブチルアンモニウム基であり;
Mはハロゲン化物、負荷電イオン、塩形態のプロトンまたは塩形態のカチオンである]。
(46) Xがスルホニル基である、前記(45)に記載の方法。
(47) クロロスルホン酸、塩化チオニルまたはそれらの組み合わせを含むクロロスルホン化剤を用いるクロロスルホン化によって、反応基X-Yが顔料表面に結合される、前記(46)に記載の方法。
(48) 顔料とクロロスルホン化剤との比が少なくとも4:1(wt/wt)である、前記(47)に記載の方法。
(49) 顔料とクロロスルホン化剤との比が約1:20〜約1:1(wt/wt)である、前記(47)に記載の方法。
(50) クロロスルホン化剤がクロロスルホン酸と塩化チオニルの約3:1〜約6:1(wt/wt)の比率の混合物である、前記(47)に記載の方法。
(51) クロロスルホン化を約25℃〜約160℃の温度で行なう、前記(47)に記載の方法。
(52) 顔料表面の大部分を改質して液体ゲルを形成させるステップ;および
次いで、液体ゲルを過剰量の未処理顔料および水とともに粉砕し、安定な水性顔料分散液を形成させるステップ
をさらに含む、前記(46)に記載の方法。
(53) 顔料表面の大部分の改質が、少なくとも約90℃の温度で少なくとも約1時間かけて顔料をクロロスルホン化して顔料塩化スルホニルを形成させるステップを含む、前記(52)に記載の方法。
顔料分散液 (クロロスルホン酸および塩化チオニルにおけるクロロスルホン化と、その後の小分子の結合を示す実施例)
一次粒径が20nmでB.E.T表面積が160m2/gである、市販のDegussa (Burr Ridge, IL)製のガスカーボンブラック(65g)を、実験用グレードのクロロスルホン酸332gで、20時間120〜4℃にてクロロスルホン化した。この反応混合物を56℃まで冷却し、68.5gの塩化チオニルを滴下添加した。全塩化チオニルを加えた後、反応生成物を103〜5℃に再度加熱し、4時間その温度を維持した。次いで、反応混合物を室温に冷却し、クエンチ温度を-5℃未満に調節しながら、水および氷中でクエンチした。沈殿生成物を濾過により単離し、氷冷水(<5℃)で洗浄して溶解物質を除去した。次いで、2〜5℃で、15.5gの濃塩酸(37%)を含有する140g DI水中の4-アミノ安息香酸エチル(Aldrich製、実験用グレード、21.7g)の溶液と生成物ケーキ(253g)とを反応させた。30分間2000rpmで混合した後、次いで、Hockmeyer media mill (Hockmeyer Equipment Corp., Elizabeth City, North Carolinaから販売されているもの)中で、0.4mmのYTZ媒体(Quackenbush Co., Inc., Crystal Lake, Illinoisから販売されているもの)を使用して5000rpmでそれを粉砕して、20%の酢酸ナトリウム溶液の添加により温度を10℃に上昇させ、またpHを4.7にした。粉砕をさらに5時間続けた。粉砕開始から1時間後、その粉砕物へカルシウムフリー水酸化ナトリウム(23g)を添加することでpHが12.6まで上昇した。反応混合物を粉砕機から取り出し、85℃で2時間加熱してメチルエステルを加水分解した。供給試料の塩化物含有量および硫酸塩含有量が50ppm未満になるまで、限外濾過により溶解している不純物を除去した。次いで、生成物を18%固形分まで濃縮し、(0.3%, wt/wt) Proxel GXL (Arch Chemicals, Smyrna, GAから販売されているもの)と混合した。最後に、この生成物を0.7ミクロンのGFフィルターを通して濾過した。
実施例2〜9を、実施例1について上述した同じ方法により調製した。
2 CIBA (Newport, DE)製のPB15:4
3 BASF (Mount Olive, NJ)製のPB15:3、0.7ミクロンTCLPによる濾過の前に、大型粒子は5分間10,000rpmの遠心分離により分離した。
4 Clariant Colors (Charlotte, NC)製のPB15:3
顔料分散液(結合を介した異なる塩形態の形成の実施例−テトラメチルアンモニウム塩の例)
一次粒径が20nmでB.E.T表面積が160m2/gのDegussa製の市販のガスカーボンブラック(66g)を、122〜7℃で19時間、348gの実験用グレードクロロスルホン酸でクロロスルホン化した。この反応混合物を74℃まで冷却し、30.0gの塩化チオニルを滴下添加した。全塩化チオニルを加えた後、反応生成物を134℃に再度加熱し、1時間その温度を維持した。次いで、反応混合物を室温に冷却し、クエンチの温度を-5℃未満に調節しながら、水および氷中でクエンチした。沈殿生成物を濾過により単離し、氷冷水(<5℃)で洗浄して溶解物質を除去した。次いで、生成物ケーキ(326g)を氷冷DI水中で混合し、pH=1.5でスラリーを得た。このpHをまず水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム溶液(25%)で4.5まで上昇させた。さらにそのpHを、25℃で40.3gの水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム溶液(25%)を含有する90g DI水中の4-アミノ安息香酸(Aldrich製、実験用グレード、18g)の溶液と8gのSurfynol CT-141 (Air Products & Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, PAから販売されているもの)とで6.5まで上昇させた。次いで、最終pH9.6まで、これを追加の水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム溶液(25%)と短時間混合した。この混合物を4℃まで冷却し、次いで、Hockmeyer media mill (Hockmeyer Equipment Corp., Elizabeth City, North Carolinaから販売されているもの)中で、0.4mmのYTZ媒体(Quackenbush Co., Inc., Crystal Lake, Illinoisから販売されているもの)を使用して4800rpmでそれを粉砕し、水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム溶液を添加することにより温度を37℃に、またpHを8.8よりも高くなるよう調節した。粉砕を合計で4時間続けた。反応混合物を粉砕機から取り出し、60〜76℃で15時間加熱した。追加の水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウムを加えて、pHを9.2まで上げた。供給試料の塩化物含有量および硫酸塩含有量が50ppm未満になるまで、限外濾過により溶解している不純物を除去した。次いで、生成物を17%固形分まで濃縮し、(0.3%, wt/wt) Proxel GXL (Arch Chemicals, Smyrna, GAから販売されているもの)と混合した。最後に、この生成物の一部(112g)を0.7ミクロンのGFフィルターを通して濾過した。
顔料分散液(クロロスルホン酸中のPB15のクロロスルホン化;スルファニル酸および分散PB15との結合の実施例)
市販のNewchemic (Montvale, NJ)製のピグメントブルーNo.15:1(60g)を、110〜118℃で1時間、320gの実験用グレードクロロスルホン酸でクロロスルホン化した。反応混合物を25℃まで冷却し、クエンチの温度を0℃未満に調節しながら、水および氷中でクエンチした。沈殿生成物を濾過により単離し、pH4未満で、氷冷水(<5℃)で洗浄して溶解物質を除去した。次いで、生成物ケーキ(365g)を、スルファニル酸(20g、Nation Ford Chemical, Fort Mill, SCから販売されているもの)、Caフリー水酸化ナトリウム顆粒(6.4g)および重炭酸ナトリウム(21.7g)のDI水(200g)中溶液に良好に混合しながら(1100rpm)加えた。このpHを、追加の重炭酸ナトリウム37gおよび炭酸ナトリウム21gで8.0よりも高くなるよう調節した。次いで、この混合物をHockmeyer media mill (Hockmeyer Equipment Corp., Elizabeth City, North Carolinaから販売されているもの)中で、0.2mmのYTZ媒体(Quackenbush Co., Inc., Crystal Lake, Illinoisから販売されているもの)を使用して4000rpmで粉砕した。温度を80℃まで上昇させ、混合物を3時間粉砕した。反応混合物を粉砕機から取り出し、83℃に加熱した。供給試料の塩化物含有量および硫酸塩含有量が50ppm未満になるまで、限外濾過により溶解している不純物を除去した。次いで、生成物を約5%固形分まで濃縮し、1446gの液体を得た。液体生成物の一部(220g)を、Clariant Colors, Charlotte, NC製のピグメントブルー15:3 40gを分散させるために使用し、3時間7000rpmで粉砕した。カルシウムフリー水酸化ナトリウム溶液(1.4g、25%)を滴下添加することで、pHが8より上になるように絶えず調節した。生成物を粉砕機から取り出し、86℃に加熱し、再度、供給試料の塩化物含有量および硫酸塩含有量が50ppm未満になるまで、限外濾過により溶解している不純物を除去した。次いで、生成物を約12%固形分まで濃縮し、(0.3%, wt/wt) Proxel GXL (Arch Chemicals, Smyrna, GAから販売されているもの)と混合した。大型粒子を15分間3,200rpmの遠心分離で除去し、生成物(210g)を0.7ミクロンのGFフィルターを通して濾過した。
顔料分散液(シアヌリル基の付加および4-アミノ安息香酸ナトリウムの結合に関する実施例)
DI水(600g)中の4-アミノ安息香酸(40g)、カルシウムフリー水酸化ナトリウム(14g)および重炭酸ナトリウム(52g)の溶液を、塩化シアヌル(52g、Lonza Walkersville, Inc., Walkersville, Marylandから販売されているもの)、氷(880g)およびDI水(200g)の撹拌混合物に加えた。反応混合物が乳白色の分散液へ変わった時に、pHは3.1まで上がった。
実施例13〜21は、実施例12に関して上述した同じ方法により調製した。脚注5の追加のステップは、実施例13に特有である。
6 CIBA (Newport, DE)製のPR 122
7 SUN (Parsippany, NJ)製のPY74
8 CIBA製のPB 15:3
9 SUN製のPR 122
顔料分散液(シアヌリル基の付加と、4-アミノ安息香酸ナトリウムおよび分子量が約300のアルキル高分子アミンの結合に関する実施例)
DI水(200g)中の4-アミノ安息香酸(7.4g)、カルシウムフリー水酸化ナトリウム(2.3g)および重炭酸ナトリウム(30g)の溶液を、塩化シアヌル(10g、Lonza Walkersville, Inc.製)、氷(130g)およびDI水(40g)の撹拌混合物に加えた。反応混合物が乳白色の分散液へ変わった時に、pHが5.5まで上がった。
実施例23〜25は、実施例22に関して上記で記載した同様の方法により調製した。
11 Sensijet(登録商標) Black SDP 1000、Sensient Colors Inc, St. Louis, MO製
顔料分散液(スルファニル酸とのシアヌリルtris付加物の調製および顔料の表面改質における使用に関する実施例)
DI水(310g)中のスルファニル酸(114g)、カルシウムフリー水酸化ナトリウム(32g)および重炭酸ナトリウム(55g)の溶液を、pH=8.5で、塩化シアヌル(40.2g、Lonza Walkersville, Inc., Walkersville, Maryland製)、氷(570g)およびDI水(480g)の撹拌混合物に、3段階で、それぞれ温度を<0℃、<3℃および<10℃に調節しながら加えた。添加後、pHは7.1であり、反応混合物を4.5時間かけて90℃まで加熱し、透明な液体1000gを得た。
実施例27〜38は、実施例26に関して上述した同様の方法により調製した。
13 Cabot (Leominster, MA) Monarch(登録商標) 700
顔料分散液(4-アミノ安息香酸とのシアヌルtris付加物の調製および顔料の表面改質における使用の実施例)
DI水(300g)中の4-アミノ安息香酸(90.1g)、カルシウムフリー水酸化ナトリウム(30g)および重炭酸ナトリウム(55g)の溶液、pH=7.2を、塩化シアヌル(40.2g、Lonza Walkersville, Inc., Walkersville, Maryland製)、氷(550g)およびDI水(500g)の撹拌混合物に、3段階で、それぞれ温度を<0℃、<3℃および<10℃に調節しながら加えた。添加後、pHは7.1であり、反応混合物を3時間かけて92℃まで加熱し、透明な液体901gを得た。
実施例40〜47は、実施例39に関して上述した同様の方法により調製した。
上記実施例で得た改質顔料の物性を以下の表に示す。
X線光電子分光(XPS)分析
ブラック試料1〜5(表7)、シアン試料(6〜11)、マゼンタ試料(12〜16)およびイエロー試料(17〜21)についてXPSデータを収集し分析した。精製「Tris」試薬の乾燥試料も、顔料表面へ結合されている基の性質を同定するために分析した。
以下の表は、検出した元素の100%に標準化した。XPSはHまたはHeを検出しない。検出限界は、通常、他の元素に関しては0.05%〜1.0%の間にある。ダッシュ「-」は、元素が検出されなかったことを示す。実施例[1][カーボン]A-79に関する高いS(0.6)は、クロロスルホン化で導入された表面SO2結合を示す。SAが結合されている実施例[20]および[31]における高いS含有量は、SA結合により表面上に存在するSO3Na基によるものである。未反応のカーボンと実施例[41]で得た4-ABA結合カーボンはともに、予測通り、低レベルのSのみ有していた。未反応カーボンを除く、全試料中に存在するNおよびNaのレベルは、対応するナトリウム塩としてアミノ安息香酸基またはベンゼンスルホン酸基のいずれかとして存在する電荷基の尺度である。
粒径および安定性の測定
8〜15%固形分を含む試料は、1滴の試料を15mlの脱イオン水へ希釈し、気泡を防ぎながら、1cmの使い捨てのキュベットへ充填することにより調製した。次いで、Malvern Zetasizer NanoシリーズModel ZEN3600を用いて、試料中の平均粒径を測定した。
印刷性能−エプソンC88+プリンタによる印刷試験
合計3セットのインクセットを調製した。インクを構成する第1のセット(SA3)は、下に詳述したように、スルファニル酸(SA)付加によって製造された分散液から調製した。第2および第3のインクセット(BA3およびBA)は、4-アミノ安息香酸(4-ABA)付加の顔料を使用して調製した。着色インクセットを使用することが知られている、エプソンC88+プリンタモデルB251Aを使用して、テストページを、4枚の異なった一般に使用されているコピー用紙で印刷した。印刷したページは、Center for Integrated Manufacturing, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NYにより分析された。結果を表17および20〜22に示す。
以下のインクベースを下記の方法に従って調製し、ブラック分散液を有する最終的なインクを調製するのに用いた。
以下のインクを下記の方法により調製した。
以下のインクベースは下記の方法により調製し、色分散液と共に最終インクを製造するのに用いた。
以下のインクを下記の方法により調製した。
ウッドステイン用途の性能
以下のウッドステインを調製し、18%のJoncryl 95 (Johnson Polymer, Sturtevant, WIから販売されているもの)および残部の脱イオン水からなる樹脂溶液を加える、6%の乾燥顔料で試験した。巻き線型rod#7(Paul N. Gardner Company, Pompano Beach, FLから販売されているもの)を使用する、Leneta Form 3NT-3上でのドローダウンの耐水性比較は、1"×4"の細長い一片で行った。各片の半分を1分間脱イオン水に浸漬した。周囲温度でこれらの一片を乾燥させた。色差(DE*)は分光光度計で記録した。DE*が低くなるほど良好な耐水性を示す。
被覆性能
以下の被覆剤(Masstone)を調製し、25%のアクリル系ビヒクル(Valspar, Wheeling, ILから販売されているもの)および残部の脱イオン水からなる樹脂溶液を加える、6%の乾燥顔料で試験した。ドローダウンは、6.0ミル巻き線型ロッドを使用し、Leneta 2A型の上に調製した。耐薬品性は、Masstoneドローダウン上に、10%塩酸10滴と10%水酸化ナトリウム溶液10滴をスポットすることにより別々に測定した。耐薬品性の程度は、スポット領域と対照領域のDE*値をとることにより測定する。
カラーフィルター用途の性能
以下のカラーフィルター製剤を調製し、脱イオン水で合計75%に調節し、次いで、30%のValsparのアクリル系ビヒクル、30%のJoncryl 1972 (Johnson Polymer, Sturtevant, WIから販売されているもの)および40%の1-メトキシ-2-プロパノール(プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル)からなるビヒクル(25%)と混合し、加える、6%の乾燥顔料で試験した。巻き線型ロッド#7(Paul N. Gardner Company, Pompano Beach, FL)を使用する透明なオレフィンポリマー基質上のカラーフィルターコーティング剤の透過率の値は、周囲温度で乾燥させた後に測定した。
捺染用途の性能
以下の捺染糊を調製し、Delta Ceramcoat Textile Medium16 (33%)、Valsparアクリル系ビヒクル(5%)および残部の脱イオン水を加える、6%の乾燥顔料で試験した。白色綿織物上の印刷ペースト剤のドローダウンは、6.0ミル巻線測光ロッドを使用して調製した。周囲温度で乾燥させた後、印刷を加熱器内で10分間140℃にて加熱固定した。織物を1"×4"の一片にカットし、各片の半分(1"×2")を5分間、沸騰している脱イオン水に浸漬した。その後、暴露した一片を1分間冷たい水道水で洗浄し、周囲温度で乾燥させた。洗濯堅牢度および耐水性は、対照と処理繊維の全色差(DE*)を測定することにより評価した。
Claims (12)
- 塩化シアヌルを、3当量の、アミンを含む第2の化合物またはアミンを含む第2の化合物の混合物と反応させ、全反応性塩素を置換して置換トリアジンを形成させるステップ;および
ラジカル開始反応を用いて前記置換トリアジンを顔料の表面と反応させ、表面改質顔料を形成させるステップ
を含み、
前記顔料が、カーボンブラック、アゾ顔料、フタロシアニン顔料、アントラキノン顔料、キナクリドン顔料、チオインディゴ顔料、トリフェニルメタンレーキ顔料、およびオキサジンレーキ顔料、ならびにそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも1種を含む、顔料の改質方法。 - ラジカル開始剤を使用して前記置換トリアジンを顔料の表面と反応させ、表面改質顔料を形成させることをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ラジカル開始剤が過硫酸塩を含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 第2の化合物の混合物が1種、2種または3種の異なる第2の化合物を含んでいてもよい、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が25℃〜90℃の温度で実施される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 顔料がカーボンブラック、ピグメントレッド122、ピグメントバイオレット19、ピグメントバイオレット23、ピグメントレッド202、ピグメントレッド188、ピグメントイエロー155、ピグメントイエロー97、ピグメントグリーン7、ピグメントブルー15:3、ピグメントブルー15:4、ピグメントイエロー74、およびそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 顔料を置換トリアジンと反応させる前、途中または後に、顔料を100nm未満に粉砕することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 表面改質顔料が、顔料1グラム当たり0.01〜1.0ミリモルのSおよび0.01〜2.0ミリモルの活性水素を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の化合物または第2の化合物の混合物が、アミノ安息香酸、アミノベンゼンスルホン酸、アミノフェノール、アミノスルホン酸、ポリエトキシ化アミノ酸、スルファニル酸ナトリウム、スルファニル酸、p-アミノ安息香酸ナトリウム、p-アミノフェノール、4-アミノ安息香酸エチル、4-アミノ安息香酸テトラメチルアンモニウム、ナトリウム4-アミノフェノラート、タウリン、オレイン酸(アミノ)、アミノオレイン酸ナトリウム、有機高分子アミン、ジアミノ芳香族化合物、ポリエチレンイミン、およびポリグアニジン、ならびにそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記有機高分子アミンが、直鎖状ポリエトキシ高分子アミンまたは直鎖状プロポキシ高分子アミンを含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の化合物または第2の化合物の混合物が、アミノ安息香酸、スルファニル酸、直鎖状ポリエトキシ高分子アミンおよび直鎖状プロポキシ高分子アミン、ならびにそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記顔料が、カーボンブラック、ピグメントブルー15:3、ピグメントレッド122もしくはピグメントイエロー74、またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1、9、10または11に記載の方法。
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CA3017708C (en) | 2021-09-21 |
CN101855302B (zh) | 2014-10-01 |
CN101855302A (zh) | 2010-10-06 |
US20110308430A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
KR20100074152A (ko) | 2010-07-01 |
CA2697966C (en) | 2018-11-06 |
JP2020097729A (ja) | 2020-06-25 |
WO2009026552A3 (en) | 2009-10-22 |
AU2008288785A1 (en) | 2009-02-26 |
EP2201072B1 (en) | 2018-11-14 |
EP3483222A2 (en) | 2019-05-15 |
EP2201072A2 (en) | 2010-06-30 |
CA3017708A1 (en) | 2009-02-26 |
JP2015145497A (ja) | 2015-08-13 |
US8226761B2 (en) | 2012-07-24 |
US8118924B2 (en) | 2012-02-21 |
KR101575913B1 (ko) | 2015-12-08 |
EP3483222A3 (en) | 2019-08-07 |
JP2018197346A (ja) | 2018-12-13 |
JP6001113B2 (ja) | 2016-10-05 |
JP6946397B2 (ja) | 2021-10-06 |
JP6615955B2 (ja) | 2019-12-04 |
JP2017031413A (ja) | 2017-02-09 |
JP2010537006A (ja) | 2010-12-02 |
CA2697966A1 (en) | 2009-02-26 |
US20120118205A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
US7964033B2 (en) | 2011-06-21 |
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