JP2019503059A - 溶融リチウム酸素電気化学セル - Google Patents
溶融リチウム酸素電気化学セル Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019503059A JP2019503059A JP2018538203A JP2018538203A JP2019503059A JP 2019503059 A JP2019503059 A JP 2019503059A JP 2018538203 A JP2018538203 A JP 2018538203A JP 2018538203 A JP2018538203 A JP 2018538203A JP 2019503059 A JP2019503059 A JP 2019503059A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- battery
- cathode
- electrolyte
- cell
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- QTJOIXXDCCFVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[O] Chemical compound [Li].[O] QTJOIXXDCCFVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 siloxane compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- NRJJZXGPUXHHTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Zr+4].[La+3] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Zr+4].[La+3] NRJJZXGPUXHHTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000873 Beta-alumina solid electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005365 phosphate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- FVXHSJCDRRWIRE-UHFFFAOYSA-H P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ge+2].[Al+3].[Li+].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ge+2].[Al+3].[Li+].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-] FVXHSJCDRRWIRE-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CVJYOKLQNGVTIS-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;lithium;titanium(4+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[Ti+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O CVJYOKLQNGVTIS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000664 lithium aluminum titanium phosphates (LATP) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 75
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 56
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 44
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 41
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 41
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 29
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910018071 Li 2 O 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910021525 ceramic electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium peroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][O-] HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013618 LiCl—KCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AVGKEHNFRYHCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Li].[AlH3] Chemical compound [Li].[Li].[AlH3] AVGKEHNFRYHCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- HTDJPCNNEPUOOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 HTDJPCNNEPUOOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- IDNHOWMYUQKKTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium nitrite Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]N=O IDNHOWMYUQKKTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005502 peroxidation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MCXBMLBTPQEQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;sodium;dinitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MCXBMLBTPQEQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- JUWGUJSXVOBPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-B titanium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O JUWGUJSXVOBPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0563—Liquid materials, e.g. for Li-SOCl2 cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
- H01M10/399—Cells with molten salts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/651—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations
- H01M10/652—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations characterised by gradients
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/654—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells located inside the innermost case of the cells, e.g. mandrels, electrodes or electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
- H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M12/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
- H01M4/8621—Porous electrodes containing only metallic or ceramic material, e.g. made by sintering or sputtering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8636—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells with a gradient in another property than porosity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
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Abstract
Description
本願は、米国仮特許出願番号62/281,875号の優先権を主張し、その開示は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
LiNO3→Li++NO2+(1/2)O2+e− (式1)
LiNO3+2e−→LiNO2+O−− (式2)
2Li+O2→Li2O2 EO=3.10V
4Li+O2→2Li2O EO=2.91V
2 固体電解質
3 電解質
4 環状キャビティ
5 ヒーター
6 ヒーター
7 ヒーター要素
8 カソード
9 コア
10 フィン
11 反応生成物
12 先端
14 リチウム金属
16 溶融アノード
18 容器
19 端子
20 ヘッドスペース
26 平断面
40 負荷
41 反応生成物
42 リチウムイオン
43 電子
44 リチウム
45 電流
46 酸素イオン
47 酸素
48 反応生成物
50 電源
52 反応生成物
53 電子
54 リチウムイオン
56 反応生成物
57 分子状酸素
58 反応生成物
59 電子
62 リチウム容器
64 溶融リチウム
66 加圧ガス
68 反応器チャンバ
69 端子
70 電極端子
71 セパレータ
74 電流コレクタ
75 ポンプ
76 供給管
78 電解質
80 ノズル
81 電子
82 端子
84 空気
85 管
86 導管
87 ポート
88 導管
90 熱交換器
91 ポート
92 熱交換器
94 ヒーター
96 ヒーター
97 反応生成物
98 カソード
99 空気
100 ポート
101 リチウムの供給
102 電解質
104 スプレー
105 熱交換器
107 反応生成物
108 バルブ
110 酸素
112 電解質
122 端子
Claims (20)
- アノードチャンバを形成するセラミックセパレータと、前記アノードチャンバ内に収容された溶融リチウムアノードと、空気カソードと、非水電解質とを備える再充電可能なリチウム空気電池であって、前記カソードが、低温領域と高温領域とを含む温度勾配を有し、前記温度勾配が、前記電池によって生成された反応生成物のための流動システムを提供する、再充電可能なリチウム空気電池。
- 前記アノードチャンバにヒーターをさらに備える、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 前記カソードに隣接する電解質容器をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の電池。
- ポンプ及び温度制御システムをさらに備える、請求項3に記載の電池。
- 前記ポンプが、前記カソードと前記電解質容器との間の前記電解質の移動を制御する、請求項4に記載の電池。
- 前記温度制御システムが、前記カソード及び前記電解質容器の温度を制御する、請求項4に記載の電池。
- 前記カソードが、前記セラミックセパレータに隣接するコアと、前記コアから半径方向外側に延びる少なくとも1つのフィンとを備え、前記コアが、前記カソードの高温領域であり、前記少なくとも1つのフィンが、前記カソードの低温領域である、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 放電中、前記反応生成物が、前記カソードの高温領域から前記カソードの低温領域に移動する、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 前記電解質が、溶融無機塩を含む、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 前記電解質が、シラン又はシロキサン化合物を含む、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 前記カソードが、多孔質セラミック材料を含む、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 前記カソードが、金属窒化物又は炭素材料が含浸されている、請求項11に記載の電池。
- 前記カソードが、導電性の焼結金属酸化物、金属窒化物、炭素又は炭化ケイ素を含む、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 前記カソードが、炭素、高分子結合剤及び金属酸化物を含む、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 前記多孔質セラミック材料が、リチウムランタンジルコニウム酸化物を含む、請求項11に記載の電池。
- 前記アノードチャンバが、約20℃〜200℃に維持される、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 前記セラミックセパレータが、リチウムイオン伝導性ガラスを含む、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 前記リチウムイオン伝導性ガラスが、リチウムベータアルミナ、リン酸リチウムガラス、リチウムランタンジルコニウム酸化物、Al2O3:Li7La3Zr2O12、リチウムアルミニウムゲルマニウムリン酸塩及びリチウムアルミニウムチタンリン酸塩から選択される、請求項17に記載の電池。
- 前記電解質容器の温度が、約200℃〜約450℃である、請求項6に記載の電池。
- 前記電池が、約200℃〜約450℃の動作温度を有する、請求項1に記載の電池。
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US201662281875P | 2016-01-22 | 2016-01-22 | |
US62/281,875 | 2016-01-22 | ||
PCT/US2017/014035 WO2017127485A1 (en) | 2016-01-22 | 2017-01-19 | Molten lithium oxygen electrochemical cell |
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Cited By (4)
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JP2019517124A (ja) * | 2016-05-19 | 2019-06-20 | サウジ アラビアン オイル カンパニーSaudi Arabian Oil Company | 輸送に関連する補助電力ユニットのための溶融金属アノード固体酸化物燃料電池 |
JP7015299B2 (ja) | 2016-05-19 | 2022-02-02 | サウジ アラビアン オイル カンパニー | 輸送に関連する補助電力ユニットのための溶融金属アノード固体酸化物燃料電池 |
JP2022519942A (ja) * | 2019-04-04 | 2022-03-25 | ジョンソン・アイピー・ホールディング・エルエルシー | 高温リチウム空気電池 |
KR102314939B1 (ko) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-10-21 | 울산과학기술원 | 용융염 전해질과 루테늄 촉매를 이용한 고출력 및 장수명 리튬-이산화탄소 전지 |
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EP3611791A2 (en) | 2020-02-19 |
EP3405991B1 (en) | 2020-03-04 |
US10218044B2 (en) | 2019-02-26 |
DK3405991T3 (da) | 2020-05-18 |
EP3405991A1 (en) | 2018-11-28 |
JP6630833B2 (ja) | 2020-01-15 |
CN109075412A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
CN112164768A (zh) | 2021-01-01 |
EP3940875A1 (en) | 2022-01-19 |
DK3611791T3 (da) | 2021-11-01 |
EP3611791A3 (en) | 2020-03-11 |
KR102150346B1 (ko) | 2020-09-01 |
KR20180104078A (ko) | 2018-09-19 |
USRE49205E1 (en) | 2022-09-06 |
US20170214106A1 (en) | 2017-07-27 |
EP3611791B1 (en) | 2021-08-04 |
WO2017127485A1 (en) | 2017-07-27 |
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