CN109314804A - 用于机架群集中光通信的技术 - Google Patents
用于机架群集中光通信的技术 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109314804A CN109314804A CN201780038793.8A CN201780038793A CN109314804A CN 109314804 A CN109314804 A CN 109314804A CN 201780038793 A CN201780038793 A CN 201780038793A CN 109314804 A CN109314804 A CN 109314804A
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Abstract
公开了用于数据中心中的机架群集中的光通信的技术。在说明性实施例中,通过以200千兆比特每秒的速率使能通信的光缆,网络交换机连接到1024个滑板中的每个。光缆具有低损失,虑及长缆线长度,这转而虑及到大量滑板的连接。光缆还具有很高的固有带宽限制,虑及在没有升级光基础设施的情况下要被升级的带宽。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2016年12月30日提交的、序列号为15/396,035的、标题为“TECHNOLOGIESFOR OPTICAL COMMUNICATION IN RACK CLUSTERS”的美国实用专利申请的优先权,并且其要求下列美国临时专利申请的优先权:2016年7月22日提交的、申请号为62/365,969的美国临时专利申请;2016年8月18日提交的、申请号为62/376,859的美国临时专利申请;和2016年11月29日提交的、申请号为62/427,268的美国临时专利申请。
背景技术
数据中心可以包括计算资源(诸如服务器)的若干机架。数据中心中的各种服务器通常通过一连串的交换机连接到彼此。如果执行特定任务需要多个服务器的使用,则通信可能需要通过若干交换机的网络进行通信。
通常通过铜缆线传递数据中心中的服务器和机架之间的通信。高带宽铜缆线(例如能够传递 >10 GHz信号的缆线)通常具有每单位长度的高损失,这限制了那些缆线的长度,这转而限制了可以被直接连接到单个交换机的机架的数量。
附图说明
本文描述的概念在附图中通过示例的方式而非通过限制的方式而被图示。为了图示的简洁和清晰起见,在附图中图示的元件不一定按比例绘制。在认为适当之处,参考标记在附图之间已经被重复以指示对应或类似的元件。
图1是根据各种实施例的数据中心的概念性概述的图解,其中可以实现本文描述的一种或更多种技术;
图2是图1的数据中心的机架的逻辑配置的示例实施例的图解;
图3是根据各种实施例的另一数据中心的示例实施例的图解,其中可以实现本文描述的一种或更多种技术;
图4是根据各种实施例的数据中心的另一示例实施例的图解,其中可以实现本文描述的一种或更多种技术;
图5是表示可以在图1、图3和图4的数据中心的各种滑板之间建立的链路层连接性的连接性方案的图解;
图6是根据一些实施例可以表示在图1-4中描绘的机架中的任何一个具体机架的架构的机架架构的图解;
图7是可与图6的机架架构一起使用的滑板的示例实施例的图解;
图8是为以扩展能力为特征的滑板提供支撑的机架架构的示例实施例的图解;
图9是根据图8的机架架构实现的机架的示例实施例的图解;
图10是设计成用于与图9的机架结合使用的滑板的示例实施例的图解;
图11是根据各种实施例的数据中心的示例实施例的图解,其中可以实现本文描述的一种或更多种技术;
图12是数据中心的示例实施例的图,在数据中心中来自若干机架的每个滑板被连接到单个交换机;
图13是数据中心的示例实施例的图,在数据中心中来自若干机架的每个滑板被连接到若干交换机;
图14A和14B是来自图12的示例数据中心的机架的示例实施例的图;以及
图15是来自图13的示例数据中心的机架的示例实施例的图。
具体实施方式
虽然本公开的概念可容许各种修改和备选形式,但其特定实施例已经在附图中通过示例的方式被示出了,并且将在本文中被详细描述。然而,应该理解到,并不意图将本公开的概念限制于所公开的具体形式,而是相反,本发明将涵盖与本公开和所附权利要求书一致的所有修改、等效和备选方案。
在说明书中对“一个实施例”、“实施例”、“说明性实施例”等的引用指示所描述的实施例可包含具体特征、结构或特性,但每一个实施例可包含或者可能不一定包含该具体特征、结构或特性。而且,此类短语不一定指的是同一实施例。另外,当具体特征、结构或特性结合实施例而被描述时,它被认为是在本领域技术人员的知识范围内以结合其它实施例来实现此类特征、结构或特性(不管是否明确描述了)。附加地,应该认识到,包含在以“至少一个A、B和C”的形式的列表中的项能意味着(A)、(B)、(C)、(A和B)、(B和C)、(A和C)或(A、B和C)。类似地,以“A、B或C中的至少一个”的形式列出的项可意味着(A)、(B)、(C)、(A和B)、(B和C)、(A和C)或(A、B和C)。
所公开的实施例在一些情况下可在硬件、固件、软件或它们的任何组合中被实现。所公开的实施例还可实现为由一个或多个暂态或非暂态机器可读(例如计算机可读)存储介质携带的或存储在其上的指令,其可由一个或更多个处理器读取和执行。机器可读存储介质可以被实施为用于存储或传送以由机器(例如,易失性或非易失性存储器、介质盘或其它介质装置)可读形式的信息的任何存储装置、机构或其它物理结构。
在附图中,一些结构或方法特征可以按特定布置和/或排序示出。然而,应该认识到,可能不要求此类特定布置和/或排序。而是,在一些实施例中,此类特征可以按与在说明性附图中示出的方式和/或次序不同的方式和/或次序布置。附加地,在具体附图中包含的结构或方法特征不意味着意指此类特征在所有实施例中都被要求,并且在一些实施例中可能不包含此类特征,或者可与其它特征组合。
图1图示了根据各种实施例的数据中心100的概念性概述,所述数据中心100通常可以表示数据中心或其它类型的计算网络,在其中/针对其可以实现本文描述的一种或多种技术。如图1中所示的,数据中心100通常可以包含多个机架,每个机架可以安置包括相应的物理资源集合的计算设备。在图1中描绘的具体非限制性示例中,数据中心100包含四个机架102A至102D,其安置包括物理资源105A至105D的相应集合的计算设备。根据此示例,数据中心100的物理资源106的共同集合包括分布在机架102A至102D之间的物理资源105A至105D的各种集合。物理资源106可以包括多种类型的资源,诸如-例如-处理器、协处理器、加速器、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、存储器和存储装置。实施例不限于这些示例。
说明性数据中心100在许多方面不同于典型的数据中心。例如,在说明性实施例中,其上放置诸如CPU、存储器和其它组件的组件的电路板(“滑板”)针对增加的热性能而设计。尤其,在说明性实施例中,滑板比典型的板更浅薄。换句话说,滑板从前到后较短(其中冷却风扇位于其处)。这降低了空气必须行进跨过板上组件的路径的长度。此外,滑板上的组件比起在典型的电路板中要间隔得更远,并且所述组件被布置成减少或消除遮蔽(即,另一组件的空气流动路径中的一个组件)。在说明性实施例中,诸如处理器的处理组件位于滑板的顶侧上,而诸如双列直插式存储器模块(DIMM)的近存储器位于滑板的底侧上。作为通过此设计提供的增强的空气流动的结果,组件可以以比在典型系统更高的频率和功率级操作,由此增加性能。此外,滑板配置成与每个机架102A、102B、102C、102D中的功率和数据通信缆线盲配对,从而增强它们被快速移除、升级、重新安装和/或更换的能力。类似地,位于滑板上的各个组件(例如处理器、加速器、存储器和数据存储驱动器)配置成被容易地升级(由于它们彼此增加的间隔)。在说明性实施例中,组件附加地包括硬件证明特征以证实其可靠性。
此外,在说明性实施例中,数据中心100利用支持多个其它网络架构(包括以太网和全路径(Omni-Path))的单个网络架构(“组构”)。在说明性实施例中,滑板经由光纤耦合到交换机,其提供比典型双绞线缆线(例如,类别5、类别5e、类别6等)更高的带宽和更低的时延。由于高带宽、低时延互连和网络架构,数据中心100可以使用物理上解聚的池资源(例如存储器,加速器(例如,图形加速器、FPGA、专用集成电路(ASIC)等),以及数据存储驱动器),并在按需的基础上将它们提供给计算资源(例如,处理器),使计算资源能够访问池化资源(就好像它们是本地的)。说明性数据中心100附加地接收各种资源的利用信息,基于过去的资源利用预测不同类型的工作负荷的资源利用,并基于此信息动态地重新分配资源。
数据中心100的机架102A、102B、102C、102D可以包括促进各种各样类型的维护任务的自动化的物理设计特征。例如,数据中心100可以使用设计成机器人式访问并且接受和安置机器人式可操纵的资源滑板的机架来实现。此外,在说明性实施例中,机架102A、102B、102C、102D包括集成功率源,其接收比对于功率源典型的电压更大的电压。增加的电压使功率源能够将附加功率提供到每个滑板上的组件,使组件能够以高于典型频率的频率进行操作。
图2图示了数据中心100的机架202的示范逻辑配置。如图2中所示的,机架202通常可以安置多个滑板,每个滑板可以包括相应的物理资源集合。在图2中描绘的具体非限制性示例中,机架202安置包括物理资源205-1至205-4的相应集合的滑板204-1至204-4,其每个构成在机架202中包括的物理资源206的共同集合的一部分 。针对于图1,如果机架202表示-例如-机架102A,则物理资源206可以对应于机架102A中包括的物理资源105A。在此示例的上下文中,物理资源105A因此可以由物理资源的相应集合组成,包括在机架202的滑板204-1至204-4中包括的物理存储资源205-1、物理加速器资源205-2、物理存储器资源205-3和物理计算资源205-5。实施例不限于此示例。每个滑板可以包含各种类型的物理资源(例如,计算、存储器、加速器、存储)中的每个的池。通过具有包括解聚资源的机器人式可访问和机器人式可操纵的滑板,每种类型的资源可以彼此独立地并且以其自己的优化刷新率升级。
图3图示了根据各种实施例的数据中心300的示例,所述数据中心300通常可以表示在其中/针对其可以实现本文描述的一种或多种技术的数据中心。在图3中描绘的具体非限制性示例中,数据中心300包括机架302-1至302-32。在各种实施例中,数据中心300的机架可以以如定义和/或容纳各种访问路径的此种方式布置。例如,如图3中所示的,数据中心300的机架可以以如定义和/或容纳访问路径311A、311B、311C和311D的此种方式布置。在一些实施例中,此类访问路径的存在可以通常使自动化维护设备(例如机器人维护设备)能够以物理地访问安置在数据中心300的各种机架中的计算设备并执行自动化维护任务(例如,更换故障的滑板、升级滑板)。在各种实施例中,可以选择访问路径311A、311B、311C和311D的尺寸、机架302-1至302-32的尺寸,和/或数据中心300的物理布局的一个或多个其它方面以促进此类自动化操作。实施例不限于在此上下文中。
图4图示了根据各种实施例的数据中心400的示例,所述数据中心400通常可以表示在其中/针对其可以实现本文描述的一种或多种技术的数据中心。如图4中所示的,数据中心400可以以光组构412为特征。光组构412通常可以包括光信令介质(例如光缆)和光交换基础设施的组合,数据中心400中的任何具体滑板可以经由它们将信号发送到数据中心400中的每个其它滑板以及接收来自数据中心400中的每个其它滑板的信号。光组构412提供到任何给定滑板的信令连接性可以包括到相同机架中的其它滑板和其它机架中的滑板二者的连接性。在图4中描绘的具体非限制性示例中,数据中心400包括四个机架402A至402D。机架402A至402D安置滑板的相应对404A-1和404A-2、404B-1和404B-2、404C-1和404C-2以及404D-1和404D-2。因此,在此示例中,数据中心400包括总共八个滑板。经由光组构412,每个此类滑板可以拥有与数据中心400中的其它七个滑板中的每个的信令连接性。例如,经由光组构412,机架402A中的滑板404A-1可以拥有与机架402A中的滑板404A-2的信令连接性,以及与分布在数据中心400的其它机架402B、402C和402D之间的其它六个滑板404B-1、404B-2、404C-1、404C-2、404D-1和404D-2的信令连接性。实施例不限于此示例。
图5图示了连接性方案500的概述,所述连接性方案500通常可以表示在一些实施例中可以在数据中心(例如图1、3和4的示例数据中心100、300和400中的任何一个)的各种滑板之间建立的链路层连接性。可以使用以双模式光交换基础设施514为特征的光组构来实现连接性方案500。双模式光交换基础设施514通常可以包括交换基础设施,其能够根据多个链路层协议经由相同的统一光信令介质集合接收通信,并适当地交换此类通信。在各种实施例中,可以使用一个或多个双模式光交换机515来实现双模式光交换基础设施514。在各种实施例中,双模式光交换机515通常可以包括高基(high-radix)交换机。在一些实施例中,双模式光交换机515可以包括多层交换机,例如四层交换机。在各种实施例中,双模式光交换机515可以以集成硅光子学为特征(与常规交换装置相比,使它们能够通过显著减少的时延交换通信)。在一些实施例中,双模式光交换机515可以构成叶脊架构中的叶交换机530,其附加地包括一个或多个双模式光脊交换机520。
在各种实施例中,双模式光交换机可以能够经由光组构的光信令介质接收携带因特网协议(IP分组)的以太网协议通信和根据第二高性能计算(HPC)链路层协议(例如,Intel的全路径架构的无限带(Infiniband))的通信。如图5中所反映的,针对于拥有到光组构的光信令连接性的滑板504A和504B的任何具体对,连接性方案500因此可以经由以太网链路和HPC链路提供对链路层连接性的支持。因此,可以由单个高带宽、低时延交换组构支持以太网和HPC通信二者。实施例不限于此示例。
图6图示了根据一些实施例的机架架构600的一般概述,所述机架架构600可以表示图1至4中描绘的机架中的任何具体机架的架构。如图6中所反映的,机架架构600通常可以以滑板可以插入其中的多个滑板空间为特征,每个滑板空间可以经由机架访问区域601而机器人式可访问。在图6中描绘的具体非限制性示例中,机架架构600以五个滑板空间603-1至603-5为特征。滑板空间603-1至603-5以相应的多功能连接器模块(MPCM)616-1至616-5为特征。
图7图示了可以表示此类类型的滑板的滑板704的示例。如图7中所示的,滑板704可以包括物理资源705集合,以及MPCM 716,其被设计成当滑板704插入到滑板空间(例如图6的任何滑板空间603-1至603-5)中时与对应物MPCM耦合。滑板704还可以以扩展连接器717为特征。扩展连接器717通常可以包括插座、插槽或其它类型的连接元件(其能够接受一种或多种类型的扩展模块,例如扩展滑板718)。通过与扩展滑板718上的对应物连接器耦合,扩展连接器717可以为物理资源705提供对驻留在扩展滑板718上的补充计算资源705B的访问。实施例不限于在此上下文中。
图8图示了可以表示机架架构的机架架构800的示例,所述机架架构可以被实现以便为以扩展能力为特征的滑板(例如图7的滑板704)提供支持。在图8中描绘的具体非限制性示例中,机架架构800包括七个滑板空间803-1至803-7,其以相应的MPCM 816-1至816-7为特征。滑板空间803-1至803-7包括相应的主区域803-1A至803-7A和相应的扩展区域803-1B至803-7B。针对于每个此类滑板空间,当对应的MPCM与插入的滑板的对应物MPCM耦合时,主区域通常可以构成滑板空间的区域,其可以物理地容纳插入的滑板。扩展区域通常可以构成滑板空间的区域,其可以物理地容纳扩展模块,例如图7的扩展滑板718(在插入的滑板配置有此类模块的情况下)。
图9图示了根据一些实施例的机架902的示例,其可以表示根据图8的机架架构800实现的机架。在图9中描绘的具体非限制性示例中,机架902以七个滑板空间903-1至903-7为特征,其包括相应的主区域903-1A至903-7A和相应的扩展区域903-1B至903-7B。在各种实施例中,可以使用空气冷却系统来实现机架902中的温度控制。例如,如图9中所反映的,机架902可以以多个风扇919为特征,风扇919通常布置成在各种滑板空间903-1至903-7内提供空气冷却。在一些实施例中,滑板空间的高度大于常规的“1U”服务器高度。在此类实施例中,如与常规机架配置中使用的风扇相比,风扇919通常可以包括相对慢的大直径冷却风扇。相对于以较高速度运行的较小直径的冷却风扇,以较低的速度运行较大直径的冷却风扇可以增加风扇寿命,同时仍然提供相同的冷却量。滑板比常规的机架尺寸物理上更浅薄。此外,在每个滑板上布置组件以减少热遮蔽(即,不在空气流动方向上串联布置)。因此,更宽、更浅薄的滑板允许装置性能的增加,因为由于改进的冷却(即,没有热遮蔽、装置之间的更多空间、针对更大散热片(heatsink)的更多空间等),装置可以以更高的热封套(例如,250W)操作。
MPCM 916-1至916-7可以配置成为插入的滑板提供对由相应的功率模块920-1至920-7供应的功率的使用,每个功率模块可以从外部功率源921汲取功率。在各种实施例中,外部功率源921可以向机架902递送交流(AC)功率,并且功率模块920-1至920-7可以配置成将此类AC功率转换为要供应到插入的滑板的直流(DC)功率。在一些实施例中,例如,功率模块920-1至920-7可以配置成将277伏AC功率转换成12伏DC功率,以经由相应的MPCM 916-1至916-7提供给插入的滑板。实施例不限于此示例。
MPCM 916-1至916-7还可以被布置成为插入的滑板提供到双模式光交换基础设施914的光信令连接性,双模式光交换基础设施914可以与图5的双模式光交换基础设施514相同或与其类似。在各种实施例中,包含在MPCM 916-1至916-7中的光连接器可以被设计成与插入的滑板的MPCM中包含的对应物光连接器耦合,以经由相应长度的光缆922-1至922-7为此类滑板提供到双模式光交换基础设施914的光信令连接性。在一些实施例中,每个此类长度的光缆可以从其对应的MPCM延伸到在机架902的滑板空间外部的光互连织机(loom)923。在各种实施例中,光互连织机923可以布置成通过支撑柱或者机架902的其它类型的负荷承载元件。实施例不限于在此上下文中。由于插入的滑板经由MPCM连接到光交换基础设施,因此可以节省通常花费在手动配置机架缆线以容纳新插入的滑板的资源。
图10图示了根据一些实施例的滑板1004的示例,其可以表示设计用于与图9的机架902结合使用的滑板。滑板1004可以以MPCM 1016为特征,MPCM 1016包括光连接器1016A和功率连接器1016B,并且被设计成与滑板空间的对应物MPCM耦合(与将MPCM 1016插入到该滑板空间中结合)。将MPCM 1016与此类对应物MPCM耦合可以使功率连接器1016与对应物MPCM中包括的功率连接器耦合。这通常可以使滑板1004的物理资源1005能够经由功率连接器1016和功率传输介质1024从外部源供应功率,功率传输介质1024将功率连接器1016导电地耦合到物理资源1005。
滑板1004还可以包括双模式光网络接口电路1026。双模式光网络接口电路1026通常可以包括能够根据由图9的双模式光交换基础设施914支持的多个链路层协议中的每个通过光信令介质进行通信的电路。在一些实施例中,双模式光网络接口电路1026可以具有以太网协议通信和根据第二高性能协议的通信二者的能力。在各种实施例中,双模式光网络接口电路1026可以包括一个或多个光收发器模块1027,每个光收发器模块1027可以能够通过一个或多个光通道中的每个来传送和接收光信号。实施例不限于在此上下文中。
将MPCM 1016与给定机架中的滑板空间的对应物MPCM耦合可以使光连接器1016A与对应物MPCM中包括的光连接器耦合。这通常可以经由光通道1025集合中的每个在双模式光网络接口电路1026和滑板的光缆之间建立光连接性。双模式光网络接口电路1026可以经由电信令介质1028与滑板1004的物理资源1005通信。除了用于提供改进的冷却并使能以相对较高的热封套(例如,250W)操作的滑板上的组件的布置和滑板的尺寸之外(如上面参考图9所描述的),在一些实施例中,滑板可包括一个或多个附加特征以促进空气冷却,例如热管和/或散热片(布置成耗散由物理资源1005生成的热)。值得注意的是,尽管图10中描绘的示例滑板1004没有以扩展连接器为特征,但以滑板1004的设计元件为特征的任何给定滑板也可以根据一些实施例以扩展连接器为特征。实施例不限于在此上下文中。
图11图示了根据各种实施例的数据中心1100的示例,所述数据中心1100通常可以表示在其中/针对其可实现本文描述的一种或多种技术的数据中心。如图11中反映的,可以实现物理基础设施管理框架1150A以促进管理数据中心1100的物理基础设施1100A。在各种实施例中,物理基础设施管理框架1150A的一个功能可以将要管理数据中心1100内的自动化维护功能,例如使用机器人维护设备来服务物理基础设施1100A内的计算设备。在一些实施例中,物理基础设施1100A可以以先进的遥测系统为特征,所述遥测系统执行遥测报告,所述遥测报告足够鲁棒以支持物理基础设施1100A的远程自动化管理。在各种实施例中,由此类先进的遥测系统提供的遥测信息可以支持诸如故障预测/预防能力和容量规划能力的特征。在一些实施例中,物理基础设施管理框架1150A还可以配置成使用硬件证明技术来管理物理基础设施组件的认证。例如,机器人可以在安装之前通过分析从与要安装的每个组件关联的射频标识(RFID)标签收集的信息来验证组件的可靠性。实施例不限于在此上下文中。
如图11中所示的,数据中心1100的物理基础设施1100A可以包括光组构1112,其可以包括双模式光交换基础设施1114。光组构1112和双模式光交换基础设施1114可以分别与图4的光组构412和图5的双模式光交换基础设施514相同或与其类似,并且可以在数据中心1100的滑板之间提供高带宽、低时延、多协议连接性。如上面所讨论的,参考图1,在各种实施例中,此类连接性的可用性可以使解聚和动态地池化诸如加速器、存储器和存储的资源可行。在一些实施例中,例如,一个或多个池化加速器滑板1130可以包括在数据中心1100的物理基础设施1100A之间,每个物理基础设施1100A可以包括加速器资源池 - 例如协处理器和/或FPGA - 例如-其经由光组构1112和双模式光交换基础设施1114对其它滑板全局可访问。
在另一示例中,在各种实施例中,一个或多个池化存储滑板1132可以包括在数据中心1100的物理基础设施1100A之间,每个物理基础设施1100A可以包括可用于经由光组构1112和双模式光交换基础设施1114对其它滑板全局可访问的存储资源池。在一些实施例中,此类池化存储滑板1132可以包括固态存储装置(例如固态驱动器(SSD))的池。在各种实施例中,一个或多个高性能处理滑板1134可以包括在数据中心1100的物理基础设施1100A之间。在一些实施例中,高性能处理滑板1134可以包括高性能处理器池以及冷却特征(其增强空气冷却以产生高达250W或更高的较高热封套)。在各种实施例中,任何给定的高性能处理滑板1134可以以扩展连接器1117为特征,所述扩展连接器1117可以接受远存储器扩展滑板,使得对该高性能处理滑板1134本地可用的远存储器从包括在该滑板上的近存储器以及处理器中解聚。在一些实施例中,此类高性能处理滑板1134可以被配置有远存储器(使用包括低时延SSD存储装置的扩展滑板)。光基础设施允许一个滑板上的计算资源以利用远程加速器/ FPGA、存储器和/或SSD资源(其在位于相同机架或数据中心中的任何其它机架上的滑板上解聚)。在上面参考图5描述的脊-叶网络架构中,远程资源可以位于距一个交换机跳或距两个交换机跳的距离。实施例不限于在此上下文中。
在各种实施例中,可以将一个或多个抽象的层应用于物理基础设施1100A的物理资源,以便定义虚拟基础设施,例如软件定义的基础设施1100B。在一些实施例中,可以分配软件定义的基础设施1100B的虚拟计算资源1136以支持云服务1140的预备。在各种实施例中,可以对虚拟计算资源1136的具体集合进行分组以用于为云服务1140作预备(以SDI服务1138的形式)。云服务1140的示例可以包括-但不限于-软件即服务(SaaS)服务1142、平台即服务(PaaS)服务1144,以及基础设施即服务(IaaS)服务1146。
在一些实施例中,可以使用虚拟基础设施管理框架1150B来进行软件定义的基础设施1100B的管理。在各种实施例中,虚拟基础设施管理框架1150B可以被设计成结合管理到云服务1140的虚拟计算资源1136和/或SDI服务1138的分配来实现工作负荷指纹识别技术和/或机器学习技术。在一些实施例中,虚拟基础设施管理框架1150B可以结合执行此类资源分配来使用/咨询遥测数据。在各种实施例中,可以实现应用/服务管理框架1150C,以便为云服务1140提供QoS管理能力。实施例不限于在此上下文中。
现在参考图12-15,在一些实施例中,可以通过一个或多个光缆1204将若干机架302中的每个机架的每个滑板204连接到同一网络交换机1202。应当认识到,光缆1204的带宽可以比电缆高得多,并且因为相较于高带宽电缆,光缆1204中每单位长度的损失可以低得多,因此光缆1204可以比高带宽电缆长得多。由于那些原因,使用电缆以将高带宽信号从大量机架302传递到集中的网络交换机1202可能是不切实际的(即使并非不可能的),如果除了所涉及的距离以外没有其它原因的话。
将所有光缆1204从来自若干机架302中的每个机架的每个滑板204连接到同一网络交换机1202虑及从每个滑板204到每个其它滑板204的低时延通信,因为对于任何通信只存在一个需要被穿程的交换机。这样的配置可以虑及某些大规模计算任务的改进的性能。
此外,在说明性实施例中,每个光缆1204被实施为无源光缆。换言之,信号完全作为光信号被传递经过光缆1204,并且在缆线中的任何点上信号不被转换成电信号也不从电信号转换而来。对照之下,典型有源光缆可以具有集成到缆线的一端或两端中的光到电(optical-to-electrical)收发器,允许缆线采用电接口来代替光接口。此外,应当认识到,无源光缆(诸如光缆1204)不被限于有源光缆中的光到电收发器的固定带宽,其通常具有比光缆1204的光纤的固有带宽低得多的带宽。因为这个性质,可以升级滑板204以使用更高的带宽,而无需改变对应光缆1204。例如,在某种带宽能力情况下,滑板204可以被长时间段(诸如超过6个月或超过2年)使用,并且然后被以更高的带宽能力(诸如先前滑板的带宽能力的至少两倍的带宽能力)升级的滑板204换出,而无需改变光缆1204。
现在参考图12,说明性数据中心300具有若干机架302,其中每个机架包括若干滑板204(图12中未显式示出),以及网络交换机1202。数据中心300可以包括任何数量的机架302和/或滑板204。在说明性实施例中,数据中心300可以包括64个机架302,每个机架具有连接到同一网络交换机1202的16个滑板204,总计连接到同一网络交换机1202的1024个滑板204。在其它实施例中,数据中心300可以具有多于、少于或等于2个、4个、8个、16个、32个、64个、128个、256个机架302,其中每个机架304具有多于、少于或等于2个、4个、8个、16个、32个或64个滑板204,其中那些滑板204中的每个连接到同一网络交换机1202。
通过连接到网络交换机1202上的一个或多个光连接器的一个或多个光缆1204,将网络交换机1202连接到数据中心300的每个滑板204。可以利用能够执行本文中描述的功能性的任何交换拓扑来实现网络交换机1202。在说明性实施例中,网络交换机1202可以采用硅光子器件(包括在单个芯片上与硅电子器件集成的硅光子器件)将来自滑板204中的一个的传入光信号转换成用于内部路由的电信号,并且可以采用光多路器、光敏二极管以及其它硅光子器件组件。一旦被转换成电信号,网络交换机1202可以使用标准路由技术来确定接收到的信号的目的地。说明性网络交换机1202可以生成电信号以将传出光信号发送到滑板204中的一个(使用激光、光多路器、调制器和其它硅光子器件组件)。在一些实施例中,在从不将光信号转换成电信号的情况下,网络交换机1202可以执行全光路由。
网络交换机1202的每端口带宽可以被定义为适合于达到所需要的性能水平(诸如大于、小于或等于12.5千兆比特每秒(Gbps)、25 Gbps、50 Gbps、100 Gbps、150 Gbps、200Gbps、500 Gbps、1000 Gbps或2000 Gbps)的任何带宽。网络交换机1202可以是阻塞或者无阻塞(non-blocking)的。在说明性实施例中,网络交换机1202具有200 Gbps的每端口带宽并且是无阻塞的。也就是说,连接到滑板204和到网络交换机1202的每个光缆1204可以每秒传递200千兆比特同时来往该滑板。应当认识到,上面指示的速率是原始信号速率,并且由于取决于被使用的通信协议的开销导致有用通信速率可能更低。
在说明性实施例中,对于从任何滑板204被发送到任何其它滑板204的信号,网络交换机1202的交换时延是大体上相同的(即,不管源滑板204和目的地滑板204,当信号从源滑板204达到网络交换机1202时和当信号离开网络交换机1202到目的地滑板204时之间的时间是大体上相同的)。交换时延可以是能够达到所需要的性能水平的任何值,诸如大于、小于或等于100 ns、200 ns、500 ns、750 ns、1000 ns、1500 ns或2000 ns。在说明性实施例中,每个光缆1204的长度是大体上相同的,所以任何两个滑板204之间的时延是大体上相同的。在一些实施例中,每个光缆1204的长度可以是不同的长度,例如,可以通过较短的光缆1204来连接较接近交换机的滑板204。当然,在这样的实施例中,两个滑板204之间的通信中的总时延将会取决于连接到那些滑板204的光缆1204的长度以及交换时延。在说明性实施例中,任何两个滑板204之间的通信中的时延小于1000ns,并且最大光缆1204长度是25米。
光缆1204可以被实施为适合于以任何合适波长传递光信号的任何类型的光缆。光缆1204包括用于传递光信号的一个或多个光纤。在说明性实施例中,每个滑板204被连接到具有8个光纤的一个光缆1204,其中4个光纤可以被用于将信号从网络交换机1202发送到滑板204,并且其中4个光纤可以被用于将信号从滑板204发送到网络交换机1202。当然,在其它实施例中,连接到滑板204的光缆1204可以具有更多或更少的光纤,诸如多于、少于或等于2个、4个、8个、16个、32个或64个。应当认识到,哪个光纤被用于将数据从网络交换机1202发送到滑板204(如与从滑板204发送到网络交换机1202对照)是任意的,并且可以取决于滑板204和/或网络交换机1202的配置而变化。在一些实施例中,单个光纤可以用于将信号从滑板204传递到网络交换机1202,并且同时将信号从网络交换机1202传递到滑板。在说明性实施例中,通过单个连接器将光缆1204中的所有光纤连接到滑板204。
在说明性实施例中,每个光缆1204作为与任何其它光缆1204分开的缆线从每个滑板204延伸到网络交换机1202。在连接到网络交换机1202的光缆1204的端处,光缆1204中的每个光纤可以具有其自己的连接器,或者连接到同一滑板204的所有光纤可以被集中在一起到单个连接器中,所述单个连接器可以是与连接到滑板204的光缆1204的端的连接器不同类型的连接器。在一些实施例中,连接到同一机架302中的滑板204的光缆1204可以在某个点(诸如在机架302的顶部)被捆在一起(诸如利用护套(jacket))。在这样的实施例中,使用例如单个连接器或不同连接器(对于光缆1204被连接到的每个滑板1204),可以将被捆在一起的光缆1204与网络交换机1202通过接口连接。
光缆1204中的光纤可以被实施为能够以任何合适波长传递光信号的任何类型的光纤。在说明性实施例中,使用的波长在1微米和2微米之间,但是,在一些实施例中,可以使用在接近UV或接近IR范围中的其它波长,即300nm到3微米(应当认识到,对于波长的给定值是真空波长,并且光缆1204中的波长将会更短且取决于光缆1204的折射的指数)。说明性光纤可以是由玻璃制成的标准单个或多个模式光纤。在一些实施例中,光缆1204的光纤可以由与玻璃不同的材料(诸如塑料)制成。
应当认识到,在一些实施例中,数据中心300可以包括不被直接连接到网络交换机1202的滑板204和机架302。例如,数据中心300可以包括若干网络交换机1202,其中每个交换机被连接到大量滑板204。被直接连接到同一网络交换机1202的滑板204可以被集中在一起作为单元(被称为舱)。数据中心300可以包括若干舱,或可以包括以不同方式组织的附加的计算的资源。当然,数据中心300的各种网络交换机1202可以都被连接到彼此,虑及连接到第一网络交换机1202的第一滑板204和连接到第二网络交换机1202的第二滑板之间的通信(虽然相较于连接到同一网络交换机1202的滑板204之间的通信,这样的通信可以是更高时延和/或更低带宽的)。
现在参考图13,数据中心300可以包括将一舱的机架302的滑板204连接在一起的多于一个的网络交换机1202,诸如如附图中示出的四个网络交换机1202。在图13中示出的实施例中,通过光缆1204将每个滑板204连接到每个网络交换机1202。不同阴影线指示光缆1204被连接到哪个网络交换机1202,但不一定指示诸如不同类型的缆线的任何其它物理差异。四个网络交换机1202中的每个形成网络的一部分,其实际上与每个其它网络独立,允许它们连接到的滑板204以更高速率进行通信(相较于如果只存在网络交换机1202中的一个)。应当认识到,因为使用了多个网络交换机1202,当单个组件的故障(即,单个网络交换机1202的故障)时通信不完全被中断,而是如果多个网络交换机1202中的一个发生故障,通信将只会被降级。下面针对于图15描述关于来自不同网络交换机1202的光缆1204可以如何被连接到同一滑板的进一步细节。数据中心300可以包括任何数量(诸如多于、少于或等于2个、4个、8个或16个)的网络交换机1202,其中每个网络交换机被连接到给定舱中的每个滑板204。
现在参考图14A和14B(其分别从正面视图和自顶向下视图来图示出同一实施例),图12中示出的数据中心300的说明性机架302包括两个支撑柱1402和若干支撑臂1404。应当认识到,在一些实施例中,通过作为一个机架302的左支撑柱1402和相邻机架302的右支撑柱1402,支撑柱1402可以支撑多于一个机架302。离地面相同距离的每对支撑臂1404在它们之间形成滑板空间,滑板204可以插入到滑板空间中,如图14A中的一个滑板空间所示。光缆1204从同一网络交换机1202延伸到每个滑板空间并且终止于可以与滑板204上的对应组件配合的光连接器1406,以便通过光缆1204将滑板204连接到网络交换机1202。在说明性实施例中,光连接器1406被实施为当滑板被放置在由支撑臂1404形成的滑板空间中时可以自动与滑板204配合的盲配合连接器。如在图14A和14B的说明性实施例中示出的,光缆1204可以沿靠支撑柱1402延伸。在一些实施例中,光缆1204可以在支撑柱1402的中空开口内延伸。当然,不是机架302的每个组件都被示出在图14A和14B中,并且机架302可以包括附加的元件,诸如针对光连接器1406的机械支撑、电源、附加的缆线等。
现在参考图15,图13中示出的数据中心300的说明性机架302包括两个支撑柱1402和若干支撑臂1404,与在图14A和14B中一样。图15是正面视图,类似于图14A。图13中示出的数据中心300的实施例包括连接到每个滑板204的多个网络交换机1202,并且对应地,图15示出通过光连接器1406可连接到每个滑板204的多个光缆1204。在说明性实施例中,从不同网络交换机1202延伸到同一滑板204的每个光缆1204是在光连接器1406处相遇的分开的缆线,这虑及了通过单个光连接器1406将滑板204连接到每个光缆1204。在其它实施例中,从不同网络交换机1202延伸到同一滑板204的每个光缆1204可以是分开的缆线并且具有与每个其它光缆1204分开的光连接器1406(即,对于每个滑板204将会存在并行的四个分开的光连接器1406,而不是图15中示出的这种)。在仍有的其它实施例中,延伸到每个滑板的光缆1204可以针对某个长度(诸如到机架302的顶部)而被捆在一起,并且然后被分成针对每个网络交换机1202的一个缆线。从来自单个机架302的各种滑板204延伸到同一网络交换机1202的光缆1204可以或可以不以某个方式被捆在一起。应当认识到,如上面讨论的,由于针对每个滑板204使用多个网络交换机1202和多个光缆1204,当单个组件的故障(即,单个网络交换机1202的故障)时,通信不完全被中断,而是如果多个网络交换机1202中的一个发生故障,通信将只会被降级。在说明性实施例中,可需要使用网络来进行通信的滑板204上的每个物理资源被连接到每个光缆1204,所述每个光缆1204被连接到滑板204。
示例
下面提供了本文中公开的装置、系统和方法的说明性示例。装置、系统和方法的实施例可以包括下面描述的示例中的任何一个或多个以及其任何组合。示例1包括数据中心,所述数据中心包括网络交换机,所述网络交换机包括多个光连接器;多个滑板,所述多个滑板中的每个滑板包括电路板、安装在所述电路板上的光连接器和安装在所述电路板上的一个或多个物理资源;多个无源光缆,其中所述多个无源光缆中的每个无源光缆包括至少两个光纤;连接到所述多个滑板中的对应滑板的所述光连接器的、在所述无源光缆的第一端的第一连接器;以及连接到所述网络交换机的所述多个光连接器中的光连接器的、在所述无源光缆的第二端的第二连接器。
示例2包括示例1的主题,并且其中所述多个滑板包括至少256个滑板。
示例3包括示例1和示例2中任一项的主题,并且其中所述多个滑板包括至少1024个滑板。
示例4包括示例1-3中任一项的主题,并且其中所述多个滑板中的每个被配置为以至少50千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应无源光缆来发送和接收光信号,并且其中所述网络交换机被配置为以至少50千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述多个无源光缆中的每个来发送和接收光信号。
示例5包括示例1-4中任一项的主题,并且其中所述网络交换机是无阻塞的。
示例6包括示例1-5中任一项的主题,并且其中所述多个滑板中的每个被配置为以至少200千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应无源光缆来发送和接收光信号,并且其中所述网络交换机被配置为以至少200千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述多个无源光缆中的每个来发送和接收光信号。
示例7包括示例1-6中任一项的主题,并且其中所述网络交换机是无阻塞的。
示例8包括示例1-7中任一项的主题,并且其中对于从所述多个滑板中的任何滑板到所述多个滑板中的任何其它滑板的通信,所述网络交换机的交换时延是大体上相同的。
示例9包括示例1-8中任一项的主题,并且其中所述交换时延小于1000纳秒。
示例10包括示例1-9中任一项的主题,并且进一步包括多个机架,每个机架包括多个支撑柱,其中所述多个机架中的每个机架包括所述多个滑板中的两个或更多个,并且其中连接到每个机架的所述滑板的所述无源光缆从那个机架的顶部到所述网络交换机被捆在一起。
示例11包括示例1-10中任一项的主题,并且进一步包括至少三个附加的网络交换机和至少三个附加的多个无源光缆,每个附加的多个无源光缆对应于附加的网络交换机,其中每个附加的多个无源光缆中的每个无源光缆包括至少两个光纤;连接到所述多个滑板的对应滑板的所述光连接器的、在所述无源光缆的第一端的第一连接器;以及连接到所述对应附加的网络交换机的所述多个光连接器中的光连接器的、在所述无源光缆的第二端的第二连接器。
示例12包括示例1-11中任一项的主题,并且其中所述多个滑板中的每个被配置为以至少50千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应附加的无源光缆来发送和接收光信号,并且其中每个附加的网络交换机被配置为以至少50千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应附加的无源光缆中的每个来发送和接收光信号。
示例13包括示例1-12中任一项的主题,并且其中每个附加的网络交换机是无阻塞的。
示例14包括示例1-13中任一项的主题,并且其中所述多个滑板中的每个被配置为以至少200千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应附加的无源光缆来发送和接收光信号,并且其中每个附加的网络交换机被配置为以至少200千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应附加的无源光缆中的每个来发送和接收光信号。
示例15包括示例1-14中任一项的主题,并且其中每个附加的网络交换机是无阻塞的。
示例16包括示例1-15中任一项的主题,并且其中所述多个滑板中的每个滑板的每个一个或多个物理资源包括计算装置、存储器装置或存储装置。
示例17包括一种用于配置数据中心的方法,所述方法包括将多个无源光缆从所述数据中心的多个滑板中的每个连接到所述数据中心的网络交换机,其中连接所述多个无源光缆包括,对于所述多个无源光缆中的每个无源光缆,将位于对应无源光缆的第一端的第一连接器连接到所述多个滑板的对应滑板的光连接器,以及将位于所述对应无源光缆的第二端的第二连接器连接到网络交换机的对应光连接器。
示例18包括示例17的主题,并且其中所述多个滑板包括至少256个滑板。
示例19包括示例17和18中任一项的主题,并且其中所述多个滑板包括至少1024个滑板。
示例20包括示例17-19中任一项的主题,并且其中所述多个滑板中的每个被配置为以至少50千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应无源光缆来发送和接收光信号,并且其中所述网络交换机被配置为以至少50千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述多个无源光缆中的每个来发送和接收光信号。
示例21包括示例17-20中任一项的主题,并且其中所述网络交换机是无阻塞的。
示例22包括示例17-21中任一项的主题,并且其中所述多个滑板中的每个被配置为以至少200千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应无源光缆来发送和接收光信号,并且其中所述网络交换机被配置为以至少200千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述多个无源光缆中的每个来发送和接收光信号。
示例23包括示例17-22中任一项的主题,并且其中所述网络交换机是无阻塞的。
示例24包括示例17-23中任一项的主题,并且其中对于从所述多个滑板中的任何滑板到所述多个滑板中的任何其它滑板的通信,所述网络交换机的交换时延是大体上相同的。
示例25包括示例17-24中任一项的主题,并且其中所述交换时延小于1000纳秒。
示例26包括示例17-25中任一项的主题,并且其中所述数据中心包括多个机架,每个机架包括多个支撑柱,其中所述多个机架中的每个机架包括所述多个滑板中的两个或更多个,并且其中连接到每个机架的所述滑板的所述无源光缆从那个机架的顶部到所述网络交换机被捆在一起。
示例27包括示例17-26中任一项的主题,并且进一步包括将至少三个附加的多个无源光缆从所述多个滑板连接到所述数据中心的至少三个附加的网络交换机,每个附加的多个无源光缆对应于所述至少三个附加的网络交换机中的附加的网络交换机,其中连接所述至少三个附加的多个无源光缆包括,对于所述至少三个附加的多个无源光缆中的每个的每个无源光缆,将位于对应无源光缆的第一端的第一连接器连接到所述多个滑板的对应滑板的光连接器,以及将位于所述对应无源光缆的第二端的第二连接器连接到所述对应附加的网络交换机的对应光连接器。
示例28包括示例17-27中任一项的主题,并且其中所述多个滑板中的每个被配置为以至少50千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应附加的无源光缆来发送和接收光信号,并且其中每个附加的交换机被配置为以至少50千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应附加的无源光缆中的每个来发送和接收光信号。
示例29包括示例17-28中任一项的主题,并且其中每个附加的网络交换机是无阻塞的。
示例30包括示例17-29中任一项的主题,并且其中所述多个滑板中的每个被配置为以至少200千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应附加的无源光缆来发送和接收光信号,并且其中每个附加的交换机被配置为以至少200千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应附加的无源光缆中的每个来发送和接收光信号。
示例31包括示例17-30中任一项的主题,并且其中每个附加的网络交换机是无阻塞的。
示例32包括示例17-31中任一项的主题,并且进一步包括当所述网络交换机不运作时,操作所述多个滑板中的每个和所述至少三个附加的网络交换机。
示例33包括示例17-32中任一项的主题,并且进一步包括持续至少六个月,操作所述多个滑板中的每个,其中所述多个滑板中的每个被配置为以第一带宽速率通过所述对应无源光缆来发送和接收光信号;以及在没有升级所述对应无源光缆的情况下,升级所述多个滑板中的每个以便以第二带宽速率通过所述对应无源光缆来发送和接收光信号,其中所述第二带宽速率是所述第一带宽速率的至少两倍。
Claims (25)
1.一种系统,包括:
网络交换机,所述网络交换机包括多个光连接器;
多个滑板,所述多个滑板中的每个滑板包括电路板、安装在所述电路板上的光连接器,以及安装在所述电路板上的一个或多个物理资源;
多个无源光缆,其中所述多个无源光缆中的每个无源光缆包括:
至少两个光纤;
连接到所述多个滑板中的对应滑板的所述光连接器的、在所述无源光缆的第一端的第一连接器;以及
连接到所述网络交换机的所述多个光连接器中的光连接器的、在所述无源光缆的第二端的第二连接器。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述多个滑板包括至少256个滑板。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述多个滑板中的每个被配置为以至少50千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应无源光缆来发送和接收光信号,并且其中所述网络交换机被配置为以至少50千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述多个无源光缆中的每个来发送和接收光信号。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述多个滑板中的每个被配置为以至少200千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应无源光缆来发送和接收光信号,并且其中所述网络交换机被配置为以至少200千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述多个无源光缆中的每个来发送和接收光信号。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述一个或多个物理资源中的每个以通信方式耦合到所述多个无源光纤中的每个无源光纤。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中对于从所述多个滑板中的任何滑板到所述多个滑板中的任何其它滑板的通信,所述网络交换机的交换时延是大体上相同的。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统,其中所述网络交换机的所述交换时延小于1000纳秒。
8.如权利要求1所述的系统,进一步包括多个机架,每个机架包括多个支撑柱,其中所述多个机架中的每个机架包括所述多个滑板中的两个或更多个,并且其中连接到每个机架的所述滑板的所述无源光缆从那个机架的顶部到所述网络交换机被捆在一起。
9.如权利要求1所述的系统,进一步包括至少三个附加的网络交换机和至少三个附加的多个无源光缆,每个附加的多个无源光缆对应于附加的网络交换机,其中每个附加的多个无源光缆中的每个无源光缆包括:
至少两个光纤;
连接到所述多个滑板的对应滑板的所述光连接器的、在所述无源光缆的第一端的第一连接器;以及
连接到所述对应附加的网络交换机的所述多个光连接器中的光连接器的、在所述无源光缆的第二端的第二连接器。
10.如权利要求9所述的系统,其中所述多个滑板中的每个被配置为以至少50千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应附加的无源光缆来发送和接收光信号,并且其中每个附加的网络交换机被配置为以至少50千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应附加的无源光缆中的每个来发送和接收光信号。
11.如权利要求9所述的系统,其中所述多个滑板中的每个被配置为以至少200千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应附加的无源光缆来发送和接收光信号,并且其中每个附加的网络交换机被配置为以至少200千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应附加的无源光缆中的每个来发送和接收光信号。
12.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述多个滑板中的每个滑板包括计算滑板、存储器滑板或存储滑板。
13.一种用于配置数据中心的方法,所述方法包括:
将多个无源光缆从所述数据中心的多个滑板中的每个连接到所述数据中心的网络交换机,
其中连接所述多个无源光缆包括,对于所述多个无源光缆中的每个无源光缆,将位于对应无源光缆的第一端的第一连接器连接到所述多个滑板的对应滑板的光连接器,以及将位于所述对应无源光缆的第二端的第二连接器连接到网络交换机的对应光连接器。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述多个滑板包括至少256个滑板。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述多个滑板中的每个被配置为以至少50千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应无源光缆来发送和接收光信号,并且其中所述网络交换机被配置为以至少50千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述多个无源光缆中的每个来发送和接收光信号。
16.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述多个滑板中的每个被配置为以至少200千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应无源光缆来发送和接收光信号,并且其中所述网络交换机被配置为以至少200千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述多个无源光缆中的每个来发送和接收光信号。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述网络交换机是无阻塞的。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中对于从所述多个滑板中的任何滑板到所述多个滑板中的任何其它滑板的通信,所述网络交换机的交换时延是大体上相同的。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其中所述网络交换机的所述交换时延小于1000纳秒。
20.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述数据中心包括多个机架,每个机架包括多个支撑柱,其中所述多个机架中的每个机架包括所述多个滑板中的两个或更多个,并且其中连接到每个机架的所述滑板的所述无源光缆从那个机架的顶部到所述网络交换机被捆在一起。
21.如权利要求13所述的方法,进一步包括将至少三个附加的多个无源光缆从所述多个滑板连接到所述数据中心的至少三个附加的网络交换机,每个附加的多个无源光缆对应于所述至少三个附加的网络交换机中的附加的网络交换机,
其中连接所述至少三个附加的多个无源光缆包括,对于所述至少三个附加的多个无源光缆中的每个的每个无源光缆,将位于对应无源光缆的第一端的第一连接器连接到所述多个滑板的对应滑板的光连接器,以及将位于所述对应无源光缆的第二端的第二连接器连接到所述对应附加的网络交换机的对应光连接器。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述多个滑板中的每个被配置为以至少50千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应附加的无源光缆来发送和接收光信号,并且其中每个附加的交换机被配置为以至少50千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应附加的无源光缆中的每个来发送和接收光信号。
23.如权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述多个滑板中的每个被配置为以至少200千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应附加的无源光缆来发送和接收光信号,并且其中每个附加的交换机被配置为以至少200千兆比特每秒的速率通过所述对应附加的无源光缆中的每个来发送和接收光信号。
24.如权利要求21所述的方法,进一步包括当所述网络交换机不运作时,操作所述多个滑板中的每个和所述至少三个附加的网络交换机。
25. 如权利要求13所述的方法,进一步包括:
持续至少六个月,操作所述多个滑板中的每个,其中所述多个滑板中的每个被配置为以第一带宽速率通过所述对应无源光缆来发送和接收光信号;以及
在没有升级所述对应无源光缆的情况下,升级所述多个滑板中的每个以便以第二带宽速率通过所述对应无源光缆来发送和接收光信号,其中所述第二带宽速率是所述第一带宽速率的至少两倍。
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