CN109213437A - 分解的存储器资源的层的动态分配技术 - Google Patents
分解的存储器资源的层的动态分配技术 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109213437A CN109213437A CN201810538045.2A CN201810538045A CN109213437A CN 109213437 A CN109213437 A CN 109213437A CN 201810538045 A CN201810538045 A CN 201810538045A CN 109213437 A CN109213437 A CN 109213437A
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Abstract
用于动态地分配分解的存储器资源的层的技术包括一种计算设备。该计算设备获得目标性能数据,根据目标性能数据来确定指示分解的存储器底座分配到性能层的存储器层分配数据,其中一层的一个存储器底座用作后续层的另一个存储器底座的高速缓存,并且通过网络将存储器层分配数据和目标性能数据发送给相应的存储器底座,接收来自层的一个存储器底座的性能通知数据,并且响应于性能通知数据的接收来确定对存储器层分配数据的调整。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2016年7月22日提交的美国临时专利申请第62/365,969号、于2016年8月18日提交的美国临时专利申请第62/376859号以及于2016年11月29日提交的美国临时专利申请第62/427,268号的权益。
背景技术
不同类型的存储器技术具有不同的属性,诸如容量、硬件成本和时延。例如,诸如动态随机存取存储器(“DRAM”)之类的易失性存储器通常提供相对快速的存储器存取,但就每美元字节而言更昂贵,因此计算设备中通常以较低容量可用。相比之下,非易失性闪存(例如NAND存储器)比易失性存储器便宜,但比易失性存储器慢。
诸如存储器内数据库的实时应用正在经历存储器容量要求的爆炸性增长。例如,平均存储器数据库跨越存储器的七到八兆兆字节,而其它数据库则多达单个计算设备中48兆兆字节的存储器。考虑到DRAM的成本,对于工作负载(例如,为了向客户提供服务而执行的应用程序或进程)仅使用维持性能的最低保证所需的DRAM量是有益的(例如,最频繁访问的数据应该在DRAM中,而其他数据在较慢的存储器中)。然而,在执行工作负载之前,所需的DRAM的精确量是未知的,并且因为工作负载执行不同的任务,DRAM的最佳量可能会随着时间的推移而改变。这样,通过将计算设备装备有在其执行中的某个点可以由工作负载使用的特定类型的存储器(例如,DRAM)的峰值量,该存储器在工作负载被执行的大部分时间内可能在很大程度上利用不足,导致本可以在数据中心其他地方投资的货币资源浪费。
附图说明
在此描述的概念在附图中以示例而非限制的方式示出。为了说明的简单和清楚起见,图中所示的元件不一定按比例绘制。在认为合适的地方,参考标签已在图中重复以指示相应或类似的元件。
图1是根据各种实施例的其中可以实现本文描述的一种或多种技术的数据中心的概念性概览的图;
图2是图1的数据中心的机架的逻辑配置的示例实施例的图;
图3是根据各种实施例的可以在其中实现本文描述的一种或多种技术的另一数据中心的示例实施例的图;
图4是根据各种实施例的其中可以实现本文描述的一种或多种技术的数据中心的另一示例实施例的图;
图5是表示可以在图1、图3和图4的数据中心的各个底座之间建立的链路层连通性的连通性方案的图;
图6是根据一些实施例的可以表示图1-4中描述的机架中的任何特定机架的架构的机架架构的图;
图7是可以与图6的机架架构一起使用的底座的示例实施例的图;
图8是提供对具有扩展能力的底座的支持的机架架构的示例实施例的图;
图9是根据图8的机架架构实现的机架的示例实施例的图;
图10是设计用于结合图9的机架使用的底座的示例实施例的图;
图11是根据各种实施例的可以在其中实现本文描述的一种或多种技术的数据中心的示例实施例的图;
图12是用于动态分配分解的存储器资源的层的系统的至少一个实施例的简化框图。
图13是图12的系统的协调器服务器的至少一个实施例的简化框图;
图14是图12的系统的存储底座的至少一个实施例的简化框图;
图15是可以由图12和图13的协调器服务器建立的环境的至少一个实施例的简化框图;
图16是可以由图12和14的存储底座建立的环境的至少一个实施例的简化框图;
图17-19是用于执行可由图12和图13的协调器服务器执行的存储器层的动态分配的方法的至少一个实施例的简化流程图;
图20-23是用于促进可由图12和图14的存储底座执行的存储器层的动态分配的方法的至少一个实施例的简化流程图;
图24是用于动态调整存储底座到存储器层的分配的网络通信的至少一个实施例的简化流程图;并且
图25是用于将存储器层从一个存储器底座重新映射到不同的存储器底座的网络通信的至少一个实施例的简化流程图。
具体实施方式
虽然本公开的概念易于进行各种修改和替代形式,但是其具体实施例已经在附图中通过示例的方式示出,并且将在本文中进行详细描述。然而,应当理解,不意图将本公开的概念限制为所公开的特定形式,而是相反,意图是覆盖与本公开和所附权利要求一致的所有修改方案、等同方案和替代方案。
说明书中对“一个实施例”、“实施例”、“示例性实施例”等的提及表示所描述的实施例可以包括特定的特征、结构或特性,但是每个实施例可以必然或可以不必然包括该特定的特征、结构或特性。此外,这样的短语不一定指代相同的实施例。此外,当结合实施例描述特定特征、结构或特性时,所主张的是结合其他实施例来实现这样的特征、结构或特性在本领域技术人员的知识内,无论是否明确描述。此外,应当意识到,列表中以“A,B和C中的至少一个”的形式包括的项目可以意味着(A);(B);(C):(A和B);(A和C);(B和C);或(A,B和C)。类似地,以“A,B或C中的至少一个”的形式列出的项目可以是(A);(B);(C):(A和B);(A和C);(B和C);或(A,B和C)。
在一些情况下,所公开的实施例可以以硬件、固件、软件或其任何组合中实现。所公开的实施例还可以被实现为由一个或多个暂时的或非暂时的机器可读(例如,计算机可读)存储介质承载或存储的指令,其可由一个或多个处理器读取和执行。机器可读存储介质可以被实现为用于以机器可读的形式存储或发送信息的任何存储设备、机构或其他物理结构(例如,易失性或非易失性存储器、介质盘或其他介质设备)。
在附图中,可以以具体的布置和/或顺序示出一些结构或方法特征。然而,应当意识到,可以不要求这种具体的布置和/或排序。相反,在一些实施例中,这些特征可以以与说明性图中所示的不同的方式和/或顺序排列。另外,在特定附图中包括结构或方法特征并不意味着在所有实施例中都需要这样的特征,并且在一些实施例中可以不包括这些特征或者可以将其与其它特征组合。
图1示出了根据各种实施例的数据中心100的概念性概览,该数据中心100通常可以表示其中/针对其可以实现本文所描述的一种或多种技术的数据中心或其他类型的计算网络。如图1所示,数据中心100通常可以包含多个机架,每个机架可以容纳包括相应的一组物理资源的计算设备。在图1所示的特定非限制性示例中,数据中心100包含四个机架102A至102D,它们容纳包括各组物理资源(PCR)105A至105D的计算设备。根据该示例,数据中心100的一整组物理资源106包括分布在机架102A至102D之间的各种物理资源组105A至105D。物理资源106可以包括多种类型的资源,例如处理器、协处理器、加速器、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、存储器和存储装置。实施例不限于这些示例。
说明性数据中心100在许多方面不同于典型的数据中心。例如,在说明性实施例中,其上放置诸如CPU、存储器和其他组件的电路板(“底座”)被设计用于增强的热性能。具体而言,在说明性实施例中,底座比典型的板更浅。换句话说,底座从前面到冷却风扇所在的后面距离较短。这会减少空气必须行经电路板上元件的路径长度。此外,底座上的组件与典型的电路板相比间隔更远,并且这些组件被布置成减少或消除遮蔽(即,一个组件位于另一组件的空气流动路径中)。在说明性实施例中,诸如处理器的处理组件位于底座的顶侧上,而诸如DIMM的近存储器位于底座的底侧上。由于该设计提供的增强的气流,这些组件可以在比典型系统更高的频率和功率水平下运行,从而提高了性能。此外,底座被配置为盲目地与每个机架102A,102B,102C,102D中的电力和数据通信电缆接合,从而增强其快速移除、升级、重新安装和/或更换的能力。同样,位于底座上的各个组件(如处理器、加速度计、存储器和数据存储驱动器)被配置为因为它们之间的间距增加而可轻松升级。在说明性实施例中,组件另外包括硬件证明特征以证明其真实性。
此外,在说明性实施例中,数据中心100利用支持多种其他网络架构(包括以太网和全向路径)的单个网络架构(“结构”)。在说明性实施例中,底座经由光纤耦合到交换机,所述光纤提供比典型双绞线布线(例如,类别5、类别5e、类别6等)更高的带宽和更低的时延。由于高带宽、低时延的互连和网络架构,数据中心100在使用时可集中资源,例如存储器、加速度计(例如,图形加速度计、FPGA、ASIC等)和物理分解的数据存储驱动器,并根据需要将它们提供给计算资源(例如,处理器),使计算资源能够如他们在一样访问池化的资源。说明性的数据中心100另外接收各种资源的利用率信息,基于过去的资源利用率预测不同类型的工作负载的资源利用率,并且基于该信息动态地重新分配资源。
数据中心100的机架102A,102B,102C,102D可以包括促进各种类型的维护任务的自动化的物理设计特征。例如,数据中心100可以使用被设计为机器人访问以及接受并容纳机器人可操纵的资源底座的机架来实现。此外,在说明性实施例中,机架102A,102B,102C,102D包括接收比电源的典型电压更大的电压的集成电源。增加的电压使电源能够为每个底座上的组件提供额外的功率,使组件能够以高于典型频率的频率工作。
图2示出了数据中心100的机架202的示例性逻辑配置。如图2所示,机架202可以容纳多个底座,每个底座可以包括相应的一组物理资源。在图2所示的特定非限制性示例中,机架202容纳包括相应的物理资源组205-1至205-4的底座204-1至204-4,其中的每一个物理资源组构成机架202中包括的整组的物理资源206的一部分。关于图1,如果机架202代表例如机架102A,则物理资源206可对应于机架102A中包含的物理资源105A。在该示例的上下文中,物理资源105A因此可以由相应组的物理资源构成,包括在机架202的底座204-1至204-4中所包含的物理存储资源205-1、物理加速器资源205-2、物理存储器资源205-3和物理计算资源205-5。实施例不限于该示例。每个底座可以包含各种类型的物理资源(例如,计算、存储器、加速度计、存储装置)中的每一个的池。通过具有包括分解的资源的机器人可访问的和机器人可操纵的底座,每种资源都可以相互独立地进行升级,并以其自己的优化刷新率进行升级。
图3示出了根据各种实施例的数据中心300的示例,该数据中心通常可以代表其中/针对其可以实现本文描述的一种或多种技术中的一种数据中心。在图3所示的特定非限制性示例中,数据中心300包括机架302-1至302-32。在各种实施例中,数据中心300的机架可以以限定和/或适应各种访问路径的方式布置。例如,如图3所示,数据中心300的机架可以以限定和/或容纳访问路径311A,3118,311C和311D的方式布置。在一些实施例中,这种访问路径的存在通常可以使自动化维护设备(例如机器人维护设备)能够物理地访问容纳在数据中心300的各种机架中的计算设备并且执行自动维护任务(例如,替换故障的底座,升级底座)。在各种实施例中,可以选择访问路径311A,3118,311C和311D的尺寸,机架302-1至302-32的尺寸和/或数据中心300的物理布局的一个或多个其他方面从而促进这种自动操作。实施例在该上下文中不受限制。
图4示出了根据各种实施例的数据中心400的示例,该数据中心400通常可以代表其中/针对其可以实现本文描述的一种或多种技术中的一种数据中心。如图所示。如图4中所示,数据中心400可以以具有光纤结构412为特征。光纤结构412通常可以包括光学信令介质(诸如光缆)和光交换基础设施的组合,经由该组合,数据中心400中的任何特定的底座可以将信号发送到(并且接收来自)数据中心400的其他底座中的每一个底座。光纤结构412提供给任何给定底座的信号连通性可以包括与同一机架中的其他底座和其他机架中的底座的连接。在图4所示的特定非限制性示例中,数据中心400包括四个机架402A至402D。机架402A至402D容纳相应的底座对404A-1和404A-2、4048-1和4048-2、404C-1和404C-2以及404D-1和404D-2。因此,在这个例子中,数据中心400总共包括八个底座。通过光纤结构412,每个这种底座可以具有与数据中心400中的其他七个底座中的每一个的信号连通性。例如,通过光纤结构412,机架402A中的底座404A-1可以具有与机架402A中的底座404A-2的信令连通性,以及与分布在数据中心400的其他机架4028,402C和402D中的其他六个底座404B-1、404B-2、404C-1、404C-2、404D-1和404D-2的信令连通性。实施例不限于这个例子。
图5示出了连通性方案500的概述,该连通性方案500可以大体上表示在一些实施例中可以在数据中心的各种底座间的建立的链路层连通性,数据中心例如图1、图3和图4中的示例数据中心100、300和400中任一示例。连通性方案500可以使用以双模光交换基础设施514为特征的光纤结构来实现。双模光交换基础设施514通常可以包括交换基础设施,其能够根据多个链路层协议通过相同的统一的光信令介质集合来接收通信内容,并适当地交换这种通信。在各种实施例中,可以使用一个或多个双模光交换机515来实现双模光交换基础设施514。在各种实施例中,双模光交换机515通常可以包括高基交换机。在一些实施例中,双模光交换机515可以包括多层交换机,例如四层交换机。在各种实施例中,双模光交换机515可以以集成的硅光子学为特性,使得它们能够以与传统交换机设备相比显著减少的时延来交换通信。在一些实施例中,双模光交换机515可以构成另外包括一个或多个双模光学脊交换机520的叶脊架构中的叶交换机530。
在各种实施例中,双模光交换机可以能够通过光纤结构的光信令介质接收承载因特网协议(IP分组)的以太网协议和根据第二高性能计算(HPC)链路层协议(例如,英特尔的Omni-Path架构的Infiniband)的通信两者)。如图5所反映的,关于具有到光纤结构的光学信令连通性的任何特定的一对底座504A和504B,连通性方案500因此可以经由以太网链路和HPC链路两者来提供对链路层连通性的支持。因此,以太网和HPC通信两者都可以通过单个高带宽、低时延的交换结构来支持。实施例不限于这个例子。
图6示出了根据一些实施例的机架架构600的总体概览,其可以代表图1至图4中描绘的机架中的任何特定机架的架构。如图6所反映的,机架架构600通常可以以多个底座空间为特征,其中底座可以插入底座空间中,每个底座空间都可以通过机架访问区域601机器人可访问。在图6所示的特定非限制性示例中,机架架构600具有五个底座空间603-1至603-5。底座空间603-1至603-5以相应的多用途连接器模块(MPCM)616-1至616-5为特征。
图7示出了可以代表这种类型的底座的底座704的示例。如图7所示,底座704可以包括一组物理资源705以及MPCM 716,MPCM 716被设计为当底座704被插入诸如图6的底座空间603-1至603-5中任一示例的底座空间中时与配对MPCM耦合。底座704还可以以扩展连接器717为特征。扩展连接器717通常可以包括能够接受一种或多种类型的扩展模块(例如扩展底座718)的插槽、槽或其他类型的连接元件。通过与扩展底座718上的配对连接器耦合,扩展连接器717可以向物理资源705提供对位于扩展底座718上的补充计算资源705B的访问。实施例在此上下文中不受限制。
图8示出了机架架构800的示例,该机架架构800可以代表被实施以便提供对具有扩展能力的底座(例如图7的底座704)的支持的机架架构。在图8所示的特定非限制性示例中,机架架构800包括七个底座空间803-1至803-7,其特征在于各自的MPCM 816-1至816-7。底座空间803-1至803-7包括相应的主要区域803-1A至803-7A和相应的扩展区域803-1B至803-7B。关于每个这样的底座空间,当对应的MPCM与插入的底座的配对MPCM连接时,主要区域通常可以构成底座空间的物理地容纳插入的底座的区域。在插入的底座配置有这种模块的情况下,扩展区域通常可以构成底座空间的能够物理地容纳扩展模块的区域,例如图7的扩展底座718。
图9示出了根据一些实施例的可以代表根据图8的机架架构800实现的机架的机架902的示例。在图9所示的特定非限制性示例中,机架902以七个底座空间903-1至903-7为特征,其包括各自的主要区域903-1A至903-7A和各自的扩展区域903-1B至903-7B。在各种实施例中,机架902中的温度控制可以使用空气冷却系统来实现。例如,如图9所示,机架902可以以多个风扇919为特征,其总体上被布置以在各个底座空间903-1至903-7内提供空气冷却。在一些实施例中,底座空间的高度大于传统的“1U”服务器高度。在这样的实施例中,与常规机架配置中使用的风扇相比,风扇919通常可以包括相对较慢的大直径冷却风扇。以较低速度运行较大直径的冷却风扇相对于以较高速度运行的较小直径冷却风扇而言可以延长风扇的使用寿命,同时仍能提供相同的冷却量。底座比传统的机架尺寸在物理上更浅。此外,组件布置在每个底座上以减少热遮蔽(即,不沿气流方向串行布置)。因此,更宽、更浅的底座允许提高器件性能,因为由于改进的冷却(例如,没有热遮蔽,器件之间更多空间,对于较大的散热片的更多空间等),设备可以在更高的热包络(例如250W)下运行。
MPCM 916-1至916-7可以被配置为向插入的底座提供对由相应的电力模块920-1至920-7提供的电力的访问,这些电力模块中的每一个可以从外部电源921汲取电力。在各种实施例中,外部电源921可以将交流(AC)电力递送到机架902,并且电力模块920-1到920-7可以被配置为将这种AC电力转换成直流(DC)电力以被供应到插入的底座。在一些实施例中,例如,电力模块920-1至920-7可以被配置为将277伏AC电力转换为12伏DC电力,以经由相应MPCM 916-1至916-7提供给插入的底座。实施例不限于这个例子。
MPCM 916-1至916-7还可以被布置为向插入底座提供到双模光交换基础设施914的光学信令连通性,双模光交换基础设施914可以与图5的双模光交换基础设施514相同或相似。在各种实施例中,包含在MPCM 916-1至916-7中的光学连接器可被设计为与包含在插入的底座的MPCM中的配对光学连接器耦合,以向这些底座提供经由相应长度的光缆922-1至922-7到双模光学交换基础设施914的光学信令连通性。在一些实施例中,每个这样的光缆长度可以从其对应的MPCM延伸到在机架902的底座空间外部的光学互连隐现器923。在各种实施例中,光学互连隐现器923可布置成穿过支架902的支柱或其他类型的承载元件。实施例在此上下文中不受限制。由于插入的底座通过MPCM连接到光交换基础设施,因此可节省通常用于手动配置机架布线以容纳新插入的底座的资源。
图10示出了根据一些实施例的可以代表设计成与图9的机架902结合使用的底座的底座1004的示例。底座1004可以以MPCM 1016为特征,其包括光学连接器1016A和电力连接器1016B,并且该MPCM 1016被设计成与MPCM 1016插入该底座空间中相结合来与底座空间的配对MPCM耦合。将MPCM 1016与这样的配对MPCM耦合可以使得电力连接器1016与包括在配对MPCM中的电力连接器耦合。这通常可以使得底座1004的物理资源1005能够经由电力连接器1016和将电力连接器1016导电地耦合到物理资源1005的电力传输介质1024而从外部源1005获得电力。
底座1004还可以包括双模光学网络接口电路1026。双模光学网络接口电路1026通常可以包括能够根据由图9的双模光交换基础设施914支持的多个链路层协议中的每一个在光信令介质上进行通信的电路。在一些实施例中,双模光纤网络接口电路1026可以具有以太网协议通信和根据第二高性能协议的通信的能力。在各种实施例中,双模光学网络接口电路1026可以包括一个或多个光学收发器模块1027,其中的每一个可以能够通过一个或多个光学通道中的每一个发送和接收光学信号。实施例在该上下文中不受限制。
将MPCM 1016与给定机架中的底座空间的配对MPCM耦合可以使光学连接器1016A与包括在配对MPCM中的光学连接器耦合。这通常可以经由一组光通道1025中的每一个而建立底座的光缆和双模光学网络接口电路1026之间的光连接。双模光学网络接口电路1026可以经由电信令介质1028与底座1004的物理资源1005进行通信。除了底座的尺寸和底座上的组件的布置以提供改进的冷却并且使得能够在相对较高的热包络(例如250W)下工作之外,如以上参考图9所述,在一些实施例中,底座还可以包括促进空气冷却的一个或多个附加特征,诸如被布置成消散由物理资源1005产生的热量的热管和/或散热片。值得注意的是,虽然图10所示的示例底座1004没有以扩展连接器为特征,但是根据一些实施例以底座1004的设计元件为特征的任何给定底座也可具有扩展连接器。实施例在该上下文中不受限制。
图11示出了根据各种实施例的数据中心1100的示例,该数据中心1100通常可以代表在其中/针对其可以实现本文描述的一种或多种技术中的数据中心。如图所示。如图11所示,可以实现物理基础设施管理框架1150A以促成管理数据中心1100的物理基础设施1100A。在各种实施例中,物理基础设施管理框架1150A的一个功能可以是管理数据中心1100内的自动维护功能,诸如使用机器人维护设备来服务物理基础设施1100A内的计算设备。在一些实施例中,物理基础设施1100A可以以执行遥测报告的先进遥测系统为特征,该遥测报告足够稳健以支持物理基础设施100A的远程自动化管理。在各种实施例中,由这种先进的遥测系统提供的遥测信息可以支持诸如故障预测/预防能力和容量规划能力之类的特征。在一些实施例中,物理基础设施管理框架1150A还可以被配置为使用硬件证明技术来管理对物理基础设施组件的认证。例如,机器人可以在安装之前通过分析从与要安装的每个组件相关联的射频识别(RFID)标签收集的信息来验证组件的真实性。实施例在该上下文中不受限制。
如图11所示,数据中心1100的物理基础设施1100A可以包括光纤结构1112,其可以包括双模光学交换基础设施1114。光纤结构1112和双模光学交换基础设施1114可以分别与图4的光纤结构412以及图5的双模光交换基础设施514相同或相似,并且可以在数据中心1100的底座之间提供高带宽、低时延、多协议连通性。如上所述,参考图1,在各种实施例中,这种连通性的可用性可以使得分解并动态地合并诸如加速度计、存储器和存储装置的资源成为可能。在一些实施例中,例如,数据中心1100的物理基础架构1100A中可以包括一个或多个池式加速度计底座1130,其中的每一个可以包括加速度计资源池,诸如例如协处理器和/或FPGA,该加速度计资源池通过光纤结构1112和双模光交换基础设施1114可以被其他底座全局访问。
在另一个示例中,在各种实施例中,数据中心1100的物理基础架构1100A中可以包括一个或多个池化存储装置底座1132,其中的每一个可以包括可以经由光纤结构1112和双模光交换基础设施1114全局地访问其他底座的存储资源池。在一些实施例中,这种池式存储器底座1132可以包括诸如固态驱动器(SSD)之类的固态存储设备池。在各种实施例中,可以在数据中心1100的物理基础设施1100A中包括一个或多个高性能处理底座1134。在一些实施例中,高性能处理底座1134可以包括高性能处理器池以及可以增强空气冷却以产生高达250W或更高的热包络的冷却特征的池。在各种实施例中,任何给定的高性能处理底座1134可以以扩展连接器1117为特征,扩展连接器1117可以接受远存储器扩展底座,使得对高性能处理底座1134本地可用的远存储器与包含在该底座上的处理器和近存储器分离。在一些实施例中,这样的高性能处理底座1134可以使用包括低时延SSD存储装置的扩展底座而配置有远存储器。光学基础设施允许在一个底座上的计算资源利用远程加速器/FPGA、存储器和/或SSD资源,这些远程加速器/FPGA、存储器和/或SSD资源分散在位于数据中心的同一机架或任何其他机架上的底座上。远程资源可以位于上面参照图5描述的脊叶网络架构中的一个交换机跳转或两个交换机跳转处。这些实施例在该上下文中不受限制。
在各种实施例中,可以将一个或多个抽象层应用于物理基础设施1100A的物理资源,以便定义诸如软件定义的基础设施1100B之类的虚拟基础设施。在一些实施例中,软件定义的基础设施1100B的虚拟计算资源1136可以被分配以支持提供云服务1140。在各种实施例中,可以将特定组的虚拟计算资源1136分组以便以SDA服务1138的形式提供给云服务1140。云服务1140的示例可以包括但不限于软件即服务(SaaS)服务1142、平台即服务(PaaS)服务1144以及基础设施即服务(IaaS)服务1146。
在一些实施例中,对软件定义的基础设施1100B的管理可以使用虚拟基础设施管理框架1150B来执行。在各种实施例中,虚拟基础设施管理框架1150B可以被设计为结合管理虚拟计算资源1136和/或SDI服务1138到云服务1140的分配来实现工作负载指纹识别技术和/或机器学习技术。在一些实施例中,虚拟基础设施管理框架1150B可以结合执行这种资源分配来使用/查阅遥测数据。在各种实施例中,可以实现应用/服务管理框架1150C以便为云服务1140提供QoS管理能力。实施例在此上下文中不受限制。
现在参考图12,用于动态分配分解的存储器资源的层的系统1210可以根据以上参考图1、图3、图4和图11描述的数据中心100、300、400、1100来实现。在说明性实施例中,系统1210包括与一组被管理节点1230通信的协调器服务器1220。每个被管理节点1230可以体现为来自相同或不同底座(例如,底座204-1、204-2、204-3、204-4等)或机架(例如,机架302-1至302-32的一个或多个)的资源(例如,物理资源206)组合,诸如计算资源(例如,物理计算资源205-4)、存储器资源(例如,物理存储器资源205-3)、存储资源(例如,物理存储资源205-1)或其他资源(例如,物理加速度计资源205-2)。每个被管理节点1230可以在工作负载要被分配给被管理节点1230时或者在任何其他时间由协调器服务器1220建立、定义或“启动”,并且可以存在,而不管目前是否有任何工作负载分配给被管理节段1230。在说明性实施例中,被管理节点集合1230包括被管理节点1232、1234和1236。虽然在该集合中示出了三个被管理节点1230,但应该理解,在其他实施例中,该集合可以包括不同数量的被管理节点1230(例如,成千上万)。系统1210可以位于数据中心中并且向通过网络1212与系统1210通信的客户端设备1214提供存储和计算服务(例如,云服务)。协调器服务器1220可以支持云操作环境,诸如OpenStack,并且被管理节点1230可以代表客户端设备1214的用户,诸如在虚拟机或容器中执行一个或多个应用或进程(即,工作负载)。
在说明性实施例中,被管理节点1232可以包括存储器底座1250、1260的集合1240,其可以用于代表由计算底座1280、1290的CPU 1282、1292执行的工作负载临时写数据到和读取数据到对应的存储器设备1252、1262。如在此更详细地描述的,在操作中,协调器服务器1220可以建立存储器的层,其中在图12中标记为层1的主要层用作图12中标记为层2的次级层的高速缓存。存储器底座1250中的存储器设备1252具有图12中标记为类型A的类型(例如,易失性存储器,诸如DRAM),比存储器底座1260的存储器设备1262(例如,诸如3D交叉点或NAND的非易失性存储器)更快(例如,对存储器的读取/写入访问有较低的时延)。在说明性实施例中,如这里更详细地描述的,协调器服务器1220可以获得用于工作负载的一组目标性能数据(例如,基于与工作负载相关联的服务级别协议),其指示时延、每条指令的周期、每千条指令的高速缓存未命中和/或受相对快速的存储器的访问用于工作负载的经常使用的数据的可用性影响的性能的其他度量的阈值。
为了满足每个工作负载的目标性能数据中的性能阈值,协调器服务器1220可以根据这样的方案选择性地将存储器底座1240分配给层,在该方案中,在每个后续层中,存储器比以前的层越来越慢、更便宜且容量更高,使得主要层(例如,第一层)为后续层提供高速缓存。另外,随着协调器服务器1220从存储器底座1240接收到指示性能阈值是否被满足的性能通知而持续地调整分配。在这样做时,协调器服务器1220可以将层(例如,层2)的一个存储器底座(例如,存储器底座1260)与具有不同类型的存储器设备1272并且之前未包括在被管理节点1232中的另一个存储器底座(例如,存储器底座1270)交换。另外,如本文更详细地解释的,在说明性实施例中,存储器底座1240均包括层逻辑单元1254,其可体现为任何设备或电路,诸如现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或专用处理器,能够监视相应存储器底座1240上的存储器设备的性能,确定性能阈值是否被满足(例如,在性能阈值的预定百分比内),学习存储器底座1240上的工作负载的阶段模式和每个阶段的需求(例如,存储器存取请求的量),作为学习的阶段模式的函数预测对存储器底座1240的即将到来的需求,并且向协调器服务器1220通知当前和/或预测的需求对存储器底座1240的性能的影响,以允许协调器服务器1220潜在地提前调整存储器层分配(例如,在性能受到工作负载阶段变化的不利影响之前)。
现在参考图13,协调器服务器1220可以体现为能够执行本文描述的功能的任何类型的计算设备,所述功能包括发出执行云服务的请求,接收云服务的结果,将工作负载分配给被管理节点1230,以及动态分配存储器层以满足工作负载的性能阈值(例如,相对于性能阈值而言,不会性能过高或性能过低)。例如,协调器服务器1220可以体现为计算机、分布式计算系统、一个或多个底座(例如,底座204-1、204-2、204-3、204-4等)、服务器(独立式、机架安装式、刀片式等)、多处理器系统、网络设备(例如物理或虚拟)、台式计算机、工作站、膝上型计算机、笔记本计算机、基于处理器的系统或网络设备。如图14所示,说明性的协调器服务器1220包括中央处理单元(CPU)1302、主存储器1304、输入/输出(I/O)子系统1306、通信电路1308和一个或多个数据存储设备1312。当然,在其他实施例中,协调器服务器1220可以包括诸如在计算机中常见的那些(例如,显示器、外围设备等)的其他或额外的组件。另外,在一些实施例中,说明性组件中的一个或多个可以并入另一组件中,或以其他方式形成另一组件的一部分。例如,在一些实施例中,主存储器1304或其部分可以并入CPU1302中。
CPU 1302可以体现为能够执行在此描述的功能的任何类型的处理器。CPU 1302可以体现为单核或多核处理器、微控制器或其他处理器或处理/控制电路。在一些实施例中,CPU 1302可以体现为,包括或耦合到现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、可重新配置的硬件或硬件电路或促进这里描述的功能的其他专用硬件。类似地,主存储器1304可以体现为能够执行本文描述的功能的任何类型的易失性(例如,动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)等)或非易失性存储器或数据存储装置。在一些实施例中,主存储器1304的全部或一部分可以被集成到CPU 1302中。在操作中,主存储器1304可以存储在操作期间使用的各种软件和数据,例如工作负载数据、目标性能数据、存储器层分配数据、性能通知数据、操作系统、应用程序、程序、库和驱动程序。
I/O子系统1306可以体现为促进与CPU 1302、主存储器1304以及协调器服务器1220的其他组件的输入/输出操作的电路和/或组件。例如,I/O子系统1306可以被实现为或以其他方式包括存储器控制器集线器、输入/输出控制集线器、集成传感器集线器、固件设备、通信链路(例如,点对点链路、总线链路、电线、电缆、光导、印刷电路板迹线等)和/或促进输入/输出操作的其他组件和子系统。在一些实施例中,I/O子系统1306可以形成片上系统(SoC)的一部分并且与CPU 1302、主存储器1304以及协调器服务器1220的其他组件中的一个或多个一起并入在单个集成电路芯片上。
通信电路1308可以体现为能够通过网络1212实现协调器服务器1220与另一个计算设备(例如,客户端设备1214和/或被管理节点1230)之间的通信的任何通信电路、设备或其集合。通信电路1408可以被配置为使用任何一种或多种通信技术(例如,有线或无线通信)和相关协议(例如,以太网、WiMAX等)来实现这种通信。
说明性的通信电路1308包括网络接口控制器(NIC)1310,NIC 1310也可以被称为主机结构接口(HFI)。NIC 1310可以体现为协调器服务器1220可以使用来与另一个计算设备(例如,客户端设备1214和/或被管理节点1230)连接的一个或多个插件板、子卡、网络接口卡、控制器芯片、芯片组或其他设备。在一些实施例中,NIC 1310可以体现为包括一个或多个处理器的片上系统(SoC)的一部分,或者包括在也包含一个或多个处理器的多芯片封装上。在一些实施例中,NIC 1310可以包括都在NIC 1310本地的本地处理器(未示出)和/或本地存储器(未示出)。在这样的实施例中,NIC 1310的本地处理器可能够执行这里描述的CPU 1302的一个或多个功能。另外地或可替代地,在这样的实施例中,NIC 1310的本地存储器可以在板级、插槽级别、芯片级别和/或其它级别上集成到协调器服务器1220的一个或多个组件中。
一个或多个说明性数据存储设备1312可以体现为配置用于数据的短期或长期存储的任何类型的设备,例如存储设备和电路、存储卡、硬盘驱动器、固态驱动器或其他数据存储设备。每个数据存储设备1312可以包括存储数据存储设备1312的数据和固件代码的系统分区。每个数据存储设备1312还可以包括存储用于操作系统的数据文件和可执行文件的操作系统分区。
另外地或可替代地,协调器服务器1220可以包括一个或多个外围设备1314。这种外围设备1314可以包括在计算设备中常见的任何类型的外围设备,诸如显示器、扬声器、鼠标、键盘和/或其他输入/输出设备、接口设备和/或其他外围设备。
客户端设备1214和被管理节点1230可以具有与图13中描述的组件类似的组件。对协调器服务器1220的这些组件的描述同样适用于对客户端设备1214和被管理节点1230的组件的描述,为了描述的清楚,这里不再重复。此外,应该理解,客户端设备1214和被管理节点1230中任一示例可以包括通常在计算设备中常见的其他组件、子组件和设备,这些在上面没有参照协调器服务器1220进行讨论并且为了描述的清楚这里不进行讨论。如上所述,每个被管理节点1230可以包括跨多个底座分布的资源,并且在这样的实施例中,CPU 1302、存储器1304和/或通信电路1308可以包括位于相同的底座或不同的底座上的部分。
现在参照图14,每个存储器底座1240可以体现为能够读取和写入数据到存储器底座1240的本地存储器(例如,物理存储器资源205-3)、从另一个存储器底座1240(例如,在另一层中)的存储器请求数据、或者响应于来自执行工作负载的计算底座(例如计算底座1280,1290)的存储器存取请求而将数据逐出到另一存储器底座1240(例如,在另一层中)的存储器的任何类型的计算设备。如图13所示,存储器底座1240包括中央处理单元(CPU)1402、主存储器1404(例如,一个或多个物理存储器资源205-3)、输入/输出(I/O)子系统1406、通信电路1412以及一个或多个数据存储设备1416。在一些实施例中,说明性组件中的一个或多个可以被并入另一组件或以其他方式形成另一组件的一部分。举例来说,在一些实施例中,主存储器1404或其部分可并入CPU 1402中。
CPU 1402可以体现为能够执行在此描述的功能的任何类型的处理器。这样,CPU1402可以被实现为单核或多核处理器、微控制器或其他处理器或处理/控制电路。在一些实施例中,CPU 1402可以体现为,包括或耦合到现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、可重新配置的硬件或硬件电路或其他促进这里描述的功能的专用硬件。在说明性实施例中,CPU 1402包括层逻辑单元1254,其可以体现为任何设备或电路,诸如现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或专用处理器,能够监视存储器设备(例如,主存储器1404)的性能,确定性能阈值是否被满足(例如,在性能阈值的预定百分比内),学习工作负载的阶段模式和每个阶段对存储器底座1240的需求(例如,存储器存取请求的量),根据所学习的阶段模式来预测即将到来的对存储器底座1240的需求,并且生成将被发送到协调器服务器1220的性能通知数据,指示当前和/或预测的需求对存储器底座1240性能的影响。
类似地,主存储器1404可以体现为任何类型的易失性(例如,动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)等)或非易失性存储器(例如,非易失性字节可寻址的原位写入存储器、闪存等)或能够执行在此描述的功能的数据存储装置。易失性存储器可以是需要电力来维持由介质存储的数据状态的存储介质。易失性存储器的非限制性示例可以包括各种类型的随机存取存储器(RAM),诸如动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)或静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)。可用于存储器模块的一种特定类型的DRAM是同步动态随机存取存储器(SDRAM)。在特定实施例中,存储器组件的DRAM可以符合由JEDEC颁布的标准,诸如用于DDR SDRAM的JESD79F,用于DDR2 SDRAM的JESD79-2F,用于DDR3SDRAM的JESD79-3F,用于DDR4 SDRAM的JESD79-4A,用于低功率DDR(LPDDR)的JESD209,用于LPDDR2的JESD209-2,用于LPDDR3的JESD209-3,用于LPDDR4的JESD209-4(这些标准可在www.jedec.org上获得)。这样的标准(以及类似的标准)可以被称为基于DDR的标准,并且实现这种标准的存储设备的通信接口可以被称为基于DDR的接口。
在一个实施例中,存储器设备是块可寻址存储器设备,例如基于NAND或NOR技术的存储器设备。存储器设备还可以包括未来世代的非易失性设备,诸如三维交叉点存储设备,或其他字节可寻址的原位写入非易失性存储设备。在一个实施例中,存储器设备可以是或可以包括使用硫族化物玻璃、多阈值级别NAND闪存、NOR闪存、单级或多级相变存储器(PCM)、电阻式存储器、纳米线存储器、铁电晶体管随机存取存储器(FeTRAM)、反铁电存储器、包含忆阻器技术的磁阻随机存取存储器(MRAM)存储器、包括金属氧化物基、氧空位基和导电桥随机存取存储器(CD-RAM)或自旋转移矩(STT)-MRAM的电阻存储器、基于自旋电子磁性结存储器的设备、基于磁性隧道结(MTJ)的设备、基于DW(畴壁)和SOT(自旋轨道转移)设备、基于晶闸管的存储器设备或上述任何组合或其他存储器。存储器设备可以指管芯本身和/或封装的存储器产品。
在一些实施例中,3D交叉点存储器可以包括无晶体管可堆叠交叉点架构,其中存储器单元位于字线和位线的交叉处并且能够单独寻址,并且其中位存储基于体电阻的变化。在一些实施例中,主存储器1404的全部或一部分可以被集成到CPU 1402中。在操作中,主存储器1404可以存储在操作期间使用的各种软件和数据,诸如由工作负载频繁访问的数据(例如,工作数据)、目标性能数据、存储器层分配数据、性能比较数据、需求预测数据、操作系统、应用程序、程序、库和驱动程序。
I/O子系统1406可以体现为促进与CPU 1402、主存储器1404和存储器底座1240的其他组件的输入/输出操作的电路和/或组件。例如,I/O子系统1406可以体现为或者以其他方式包括存储器控制器集线器、输入/输出控制集线器、集成传感器集线器、固件设备、通信链路(例如,点对点链路、总线链路、电线、电缆、光导、印刷电路板迹线等)和/或促进输入/输出操作的其他组件和子系统。在一些实施例中,I/O子系统1406可以形成片上系统(SoC)的一部分并且与CPU 1402、主存储器1404和存储器底座1240的其他组件中的一个或多个一起合并在单个集成电路芯片上。
说明性通信电路1408包括网络接口控制器(NIC)1410,其也可以被称为主机结构接口(HFI)。NIC 1410可以体现为可以被存储器底座1240用来与另一个计算设备(例如,协调器服务器1220、另一个存储器底座1240等)连接的一个或多个插件板、子卡、网络接口卡、控制器芯片、芯片组或其它设备。在一些实施例中,NIC 1410可以体现为包括一个或多个处理器或包括在也包含一个或多个处理器的多芯片封装上的片上系统(SoC)的一部分。在一些实施例中,NIC 1410可以包括NIC 1410本地的本地处理器(未示出)和/或本地存储器(未示出)。在这样的实施例中,NIC 1410的本地处理器能够执行这里描述的CPU 1402的一个或多个功能。另外地或可替代地,在这样的实施例中,NIC 1410的本地存储器可以在板级、插槽级、芯片级和/或其他级别上集成到存储器底座1240的一个或多个组件中。
一个或多个说明性数据存储设备1412可以体现为配置用于数据的短期或长期存储的任何类型的设备,例如存储设备和电路、存储卡、硬盘驱动器、固态驱动器或其他数据存储设备。每个数据存储设备1412可以包括存储数据存储设备1412的数据和固件代码的系统分区。每个数据存储设备1412还可以包括存储用于操作系统的数据文件和可执行文件的操作系统分区。
如上所述,客户端设备1214、协调器服务器1220和被管理节点1230说明性地经由网络1212进行通信,该网络1212可以体现为任何类型的有线或无线通信网络,包括全球网络(例如因特网)、局域网(LAN)或广域网(WAN)、蜂窝网络(例如,全球移动通信系统(GSM)、3G、长期演进(LTE)、全球微波接入互操作性(WiMAX)等)、数字用户线(DSL)网络、有线网络(例如,同轴网络、光纤网络等)或其任何组合。
现在参考图15,协调器服务器1220可以在操作期间建立环境1500。说明性环境1500包括网络通信器1520和资源管理器1530。环境1500的每个组件可以体现为硬件、固件、软件或其组合。这样,在一些实施例中,环境1500的一个或多个组件可以体现为电路或电子设备的集合(例如,网络通信器电路1520、资源管理器电路1530等)。应该意识的是,在这样的实施例中,网络通信器电路1520或资源管理器电路1530中的一个或多个可以形成CPU1302、主存储器1304、I/O子系统1306和/或协调器服务器1220的其他组件中的一个或多个的一部分。在说明性实施例中,环境1500包括工作负载数据1502,工作负载数据1502可以体现为指示要由被管理节点1230执行的工作负载以及向被管理节点1230的组件分配工作负载的任何数据,诸如向其分配了工作负载的计算底座1280,1290的标识,和/或指示被管理节点1230当中工作负载的当前分配的其它数据。
另外,说明性环境1500包括目标性能数据1504,其可以体现为指示目标性能度量的任何数据(例如,待测量的性能的类型,诸如存储器访问时延、CPI、MPKI等)和要满足的性能阈值(例如,针对每个性能度量要满足的实际值)。当相应工作负载的执行期间的实际测量的性能在性能阈值的预定范围(例如,正或负3%)内时,可以满足性能阈值。如本文所述,目标性能数据1504可以被包括在与客户的服务级别协议中。此外,在一些实施例中,目标性能数据1504可以指示与性能阈值相比实际测量的性能应该有多频繁(例如,频率)以确定是否满足性能阈值。说明性环境1500还包括存储器层分配数据1506,其可以体现为指示要分配给每个层的存储器的量和类型的任何数据。如上所述,每个存储器底座1240可以主要包括特定类型的存储器。相应地,在说明性实施例中,每一层被映射到不同的存储器底座1240。存储器层分配数据1506可以包括要针对范围内的多组目标性能阈值中的每一个而分配的存储器的量和类型的初始预定义映射,并且稍后可以响应于从存储器底座1240接收的性能通知而被调整。说明性的环境1500另外包括性能通知数据1508,其可以体现为从存储器底座1240接收的指示存储器底座1240是否满足当前存在的存储器层分配方案下对于每个工作负载的相应性能阈值(例如,在其预定范围内)的任何数据,以及在不满足的情况下的当前性能超过或低于性能阈值的量。
在说明性环境1500中,可以被体现为如上所述的硬件、固件、软件、虚拟化硬件、模拟架构和/或其组合的网络通信器1520被配置为促进分别去往协调器服务器1220以及来自协调器服务器1220的到来和离开网络通信(例如,网络业务、网络分组、网络流等)。为此,网络通信器1520被配置为接收和处理来自一个系统或计算设备(例如,客户端设备1214)的数据分组并且准备数据分组并将其发送到另一个计算设备或系统(例如,被管理节点1230)。因此,在一些实施例中,网络通信器1520的至少一部分功能可以由通信电路1308执行,并且在说明性实施例中由NIC 1310执行。
可以体现为硬件、固件、软件、虚拟化硬件、模拟架构和/或其组合的资源管理器1530被配置为将工作负载分配给被管理节点1230,分析目标性能数据1504以识别对于每个工作负载要满足的性能阈值,并且确定并连续地调整存储器层分配以使存储器资源(例如,存储器底座1240的存储器1404)能够在执行工作负载中被高效地利用(例如,满足性能阈值而不过分配存储器资源)。为此,在说明性实施例中,资源管理器1530包括工作负载分配器1532、目标性能确定器1534和存储器层管理器1536。
在说明性实施例中,工作负载分配器1532被配置为将工作负载分配给被管理节点1230以供执行。在说明性实施例中,目标性能确定器1534被配置为解析服务级别协议,分析与工作负载相关联的元数据,或以其他方式获得目标性能数据1504并确定针对要被管理节点1230执行的每个工作负载的性能度量和关联性能阈值。此外,在本实施例中,存储器层管理器1536被配置为根据目标性能数据1504(例如,要满足的性能阈值)和存储器底座1240上的可用存储器的量和类型来确定存储器底座1240中的两个或更多个存储器底座1240在层中的分配,其中主要层用作后续(例如,次级)层的高速缓存。如此,存储器层管理器1536被配置为将主要层映射到比映射到后续层的存储器底座1240具有更快、更低容量的存储器的存储器底座1240。在一些实施例中,存储器层管理器1536可以确定包括多于两层存储器底座1240的分层方案,其中每个后续层比前一层中的存储器具有更慢但是更高容量的存储器。此外,在说明性实施例中,存储器层管理器1536被配置为响应于来自存储器底座1240的指示它们在当前分配方案下能够或不能满足性能阈值的性能通知来调整存储器底座1240中可用的存储器的分配以及层到存储器底座1240的映射。
应该理解,工作负载分配器1532、目标性能确定器1534和存储器层管理器1536中的每一个可以分离地体现为硬件、固件、软件、虚拟化硬件、模拟架构和/或其组合。例如,工作负载分配器1532可以体现为硬件组件,而目标性能确定器1534和存储器层管理器1536体现为虚拟化硬件组件或者硬件、固件、软件、虚拟化硬件、模拟架构的某种其它组合、和/或其组合。
现在参考图16,在说明性实施例中,每个存储器底座1240可在操作期间建立环境1600。说明性环境1600包括网络通信器1620和存储器管理器1630。环境1600的每个组件可以体现为硬件、固件、软件或其组合。由此,在一些实施例中,环境1600的一个或多个组件可体现为电路或电子设备的集合(例如,网络通信器电路1620、存储器管理器电路1630等)。应该意识到,在这样的实施例中,网络通信器电路1520或存储器管理器电路1630中的一个或多个可以形成层逻辑单元1254、通信电路1408、CPU 1402、主存储器1404、I/O子系统1406和/或存储器底座1240的其他组件中的一个或多个的一部分。
在示例性的实施例中,环境1600包括工作数据1602,工作数据1602可以体现为工作负载在执行时使用的任何数据。工作数据1602可以存储在存储器底座1240的主存储器1404中,并且响应于来自执行工作负载的计算底座(例如,计算底座1280、1290)的存储器存取请求而被访问。另外,说明性环境1600包括目标性能数据1604,目标性能数据1604可以体现为指示当前存储器底座1240针对其而被分配为层的工作负载的性能度量和对应性能阈值的任何数据。在说明性实施例中,目标性能数据1604由协调器服务器1220发送到存储器底座1240。说明性环境1600还包括存储器层分配数据1606,其类似于参考图15描述的存储器层分配数据1506,除了存储器层分配数据1506之外,在说明性实施例中仅包括与当前存储器底座1240所属的分层方案有关的信息。这样,存储器层分配数据1506包括与当前存储器底座1240相同的分层方案中的其他存储器底座1240的标识符,分配给每个存储器底座1240的层,以及由每层中的每个存储器底座1240针对每个工作负载分配的存储器的量。
另外,说明性实施例1600包括性能比较数据1608,其可以是指示存储器底座1240的测量的性能度量与针对每个工作负载的性能阈值(例如,来自目标性能数据1604)之间的比较的任何数据。如在此更详细描述的,性能比较数据1608可以指示存储器底座1240的响应于即将到来的对存储器底座的需求的改变的预测性能与性能阈值之间的比较,例如如果相应的工作负载将要(例如,在预定时间段内)转换到将影响对存储器底座1240的需求的不同阶段。另外,说明性环境1600包括需求预测数据1610,其可以体现为指示以下的任何数据:预测对存储器底座1240的需求(例如存储器存取请求的量或类型,诸如主要是读取请求,主要是写入请求,要被读取或写入的数据集的大小等)或对存储器底座1240的一个或多个工作负载的需求的改变,这可以基于工作负载阶段中的模式来确定,如在本文中更详细描述的。
在说明性环境1600中,可以被体现为如上所述的硬件、固件、软件、虚拟化硬件、模拟架构和/或其组合的网络通信器1620被配置为促进分别去往和来自存储器底座1240的到来和离开网络通信(例如,网络流量、网络分组、网络流等)。为此,网络通信器1620被配置为接收和处理来自一个系统或计算设备(例如,协调器服务器1220、计算底座1280,1290、另一个存储器底座1240等)的数据分组并且准备和发送数据分组到系统或计算设备(例如,协调器服务器1220、计算底座1280,1290、另一个存储器底座1240等)。因此,在一些实施例中,网络通信器1620的至少一部分功能可以由通信电路1408执行,并且在说明性实施例中由NIC1410执行。
如上所述,可以体现为硬件、固件、软件、虚拟化硬件、模拟架构和/或其组合的存储器管理器1630被配置为响应于来自计算底座1280,1290的存储器存取请求而执行存储器操作(例如读取、写入、高速缓存逐出、响应于高速缓存未命中而请求来自后续层中的存储器底座1240的数据),监视存储器底座1240在存储器操作执行时的性能,将所测量的性能与性能阈值进行比较,并且作为即将发生的一个或多个工作负载的阶段的变化的结果,预测对存储器底座1240的未来需求。为此,在说明性实施例中,存储器管理器1630包括存储器操作执行器1632、性能监视器1634、性能比较器1636和需求预测器1638。
在说明性实施例中,存储器操作执行器1632被配置为在工作负载被执行时执行存储器操作(例如,读取,写入,高速缓存逐出,对来自后续层中的存储器底座1240的数据的请求)(例如响应于来自执行工作负载的计算底座1280,1290的存储器存取请求)。在说明性实施例中,性能监视器1634被配置为测量在存储器访问操作正被执行时测量一个或多个性能度量(例如,时延、MPKI、CPI)。在说明性实施例中,性能比较器1636被配置为将测量的性能与性能阈值(例如,在目标性能数据1604中)进行比较,并确定测量的性能是否与性能阈值不同以及与性能阈值相差多少。在这样做时,性能比较器1636可以确定测量的性能与对应的阈值之间的差异是否在预定义的范围内,这意味着性能阈值被满足,或者在该范围之外,意味着性能阈值未被满足。在说明性实施例中,需求预测器1638被配置为基于接收到存储器请求的时间戳和请求的类型(例如,读取请求,写入请求,数据集大小,读取或写入的数据的类别,诸如文本,二进制等)来检测工作负载的阶段,将对存储器底座1240的性能的影响与阶段(例如,MPKI中的某个百分比增加等)相关联,随时间识别阶段中的模式,基于模式和工作负载处于当前阶段的时间量来预测对于工作负载来说下一个阶段是什么以及何时发生,并且通过参考在该阶段中对存储器底座1240的先前需求来预测对存储器底座1240的需求变化。
现在参考图17,在使用中,协调器服务器1220可以执行用于动态分配存储器层的方法1700。方法1700从框1702开始,其中协调器服务器1220确定是否启用存储器层的动态分配。在说明性实施例中,协调器服务器1220响应于确定配置文件(例如,存储在数据存储设备1312中)包括指示应启用存储器层的动态分配的设置,响应于确定存储器底座1240能够促进存储器层的动态分配(例如,存储器底座1240配备有层逻辑单元1254),响应于来自管理员计算设备(未示出)的请求和/或基于其他因素,来确定启用存储器层的动态分配。无论如何,响应于启用存储器层的动态分配的确定,方法1700前进到框1704,其中协调器服务器1220获取目标性能数据(例如,目标性能数据1504)。如上所述,在说明性实施例中,目标性能数据1504指示待监控的一个或多个性能度量以及在工作负载的执行中要满足的对应性能阈值。在获得目标性能数据1504时,协调器服务器1220可以从协调器服务器1220已经向其分配了一个或多个工作负载的计算底座1280,1290接收目标性能数据1504,如框1706所示。例如,工作负载可以具有与其关联的元数据,其指示与要为其执行工作负载的客户的服务级别协议(“SLA”),并且计算底座1280,1290可以解析元数据并将对应的目标性能数据1504发送给协调器服务器1220。
如框1708所示,协调器服务器1220可以接收针对要执行的多个工作负载中的每一个的不同目标性能数据1504。如框1710所示,在接收目标性能数据1504时,协调器服务器1220可以接收针对工作负载执行的每千个指令的高速缓存未命中(MPKI)的性能阈值。正如存储器管理领域的技术人员意识到的,当所请求的数据不存在于高速缓冲存储器设备中并且必须从另一个通常较慢的存储器设备中取回所请求的数据时,发生高速缓存未命中。因此,高速缓存未命中可能会减慢工作负载的执行速度。另外或可选地,协调器服务器1220可接收每指令周期(CPI)的性能阈值,如框1712所示。工作负载的CPI可以很大程度上受执行操作所需数据的可用性影响。因此,当数据必须从较慢的存储器设备而不是较快的存储器设备中取回时,在执行存储器访问操作时,经过了额外的周期。另外地或可替代地,协调器服务器1220可以接收用于数据访问时延的性能阈值,如框1714所示。数据访问时延与CPI相似,因为它是执行操作所经过的时间的度量,但不同之处在于:数据访问时延可以以时间为单位(例如,纳秒或毫秒)而不是设备的时钟周期来表示。
之后,方法1700前进到框1716,其中协调器服务器1220确定存储器层分配数据(例如,存储器层分配数据1506)。如上所述,在说明性实施例中,存储器层分配数据1506指示存储器底座1240到性能层(例如,存储器速度)的分配。在说明性实施例中,协调器服务器1220根据来自框1704的目标性能数据1504来确定存储器层分配数据1506。在确定存储器层分配数据1506时,协调器服务器1220可以根据存储器类型和存储器底座1240上可用的存储器的量确定主要层(例如图12中的层1)的存储器底座1240用作用于后续层的高速缓存,如框1718所示。在这样做时,在说明性实施例中并且如框1720所示,协调器服务器1220选择具有存储器底座1240中可用的最快类型的存储器的存储器底座1240(例如,图12中的存储器底座1250)。这样,并且如框1722所示,协调器服务器1220可以选择具有可用(例如,预定量的当前未分配的)DRAM(例如,图12中的存储器设备类型A 1252)的存储器底座(例如,存储器底座1250)。协调器服务器1220可通过参考目标性能阈值集合和相应的要分配的存储器量和类型的(例如,在存储器层分配数据1506中)来确定要分配的存储器初始量。
另外,如框1724所示,协调器服务器1220根据存储器底座1240之中可用的存储器类型和量来确定用于次级层(例如,图12中的层2)的存储器底座1240。在这样做时,在说明性实施例中,协调器服务器1220选择比主要层具有更慢类型的存储器(例如,图12中的存储器设备类型B 1262)的存储器底座1240,如框1726所示。此外,并且如框1728所示,协调器服务器1220可确定用于后续层的存储器底座1240,遵循如上所述的相同方案(例如,用于每个后续层的较慢、较高容量的存储器)。之后,方法1700前进到图18的框1730,其中协调器服务器1220将存储器层分配数据1506发送到确定的存储器底座1240以建立性能的层。
现在参照图18,在发送存储器层分配数据1506时,在说明性实施例中,协调器服务器1220将存储器层分配数据发送到存储器底座1240的层逻辑单元1254(例如,经由每个对应的存储器底座1240的通信电路1408),如框1732所示。如框1734所示,协调器服务器1220发送要针对每个工作负载而分配的存储器量的指示。此外,并且如框1736所示,协调器服务器1220可将存储器底座1240及其对应层的标识符(例如,与层1相关联的存储器底座1250,与层2相关联的存储器底座1260)发送至所确定的存储器底座1240以用于对存储器存取请求进行路由。例如,协调器服务器1220可以向主要层中的存储器底座1250发送存储器底座1260(例如,次级层)的标识符(例如,IP地址或其他唯一标识符)以向存储器底座1250提供指示当请求的数据不存在于存储器底座1250中时将数据逐出至哪个存储器底座1240和/或从哪个存储器底座1240请求数据的信息。
随后,方法1700前进到框1738,其中存储器底座1250,1260一旦开始对执行工作负载的计算底座1280,1290执行存储器访问操作,协调器服务器1220就将目标性能数据1504发送到所确定的层的存储器底座1240(例如,存储器底座1250,1260)以与实际测量的性能进行比较。之后,如框1740所示,协调器服务器1220请求开始执行工作负载。在这样做时,协调器服务器1220将请求发送到分配给工作负载的计算底座1280,1290,如框1742所示。随后在框1744中,协调器服务器1220在工作负载被执行时在层中从存储器底座1240接收性能通知数据(例如,性能通知数据1508)。这样做,协调器服务器1220可以接收指示存储器底座1240性能过低(例如,由于不足够快地访问数据而达不到相应的阈值)的性能通知,如框1746所示。另外或者可选地,如框1748所示,协调器服务器1220可以接收指示存储器底座1240性能过高(例如,通过比所要求地更快访问数据而超过相应的阈值)的性能通知。协调器服务器1220可以另外地或可替代地接收存储器底座1240满足(例如,在预定范围内)性能阈值的性能通知,如框1750所示。之后,方法1700前进到图19的框1752,其中协调器服务器1220可从执行工作负载的计算底座1280,1290接收资源重新映射请求。例如,计算底座1280可以确定在该组层中的一个存储器底座1240上发生了诸如数据分段错误的特定错误,并向协调器服务器1220发送资源重新映射请求以将一个层映射到不同的存储器底座1240。
现在参考图19,在框1754中,协调器服务器1220根据接收到的性能通知数据1508和/或存储器资源重新映射请求(例如,来自框1752)来确定是否调整存储器层分配数据1506。在这样做时,并且如框1756所示,协调器服务器1220可以确定将要被分配到工作负载的层中的存储器的量的调整(例如,增加在层1上分配的DRAM的量以减少MPKI,或者减少在层1上分配的DRAM的量以使MPKI增加从而更接近相应的性能阈值)。另外地或可替代地,协调器服务器1220可以确定将存储器底座1240重新分配给层,如框1758所示。这样做时,协调器服务器1220可以将具有更快存储器的存储器底座1240分配给特定层,如框1760所示(例如,以改善时延或CPI)。另外地或可替代地,协调器服务器1220可以确定将具有更慢存储器的存储器底座1240分配给层(例如,确定从层2移除存储器底座1260并且将存储器底座1270分配给层2),如框1762中所指示的。
在框1764中,协调器服务器1220根据在框1754中确定的是否对存储器层分配数据1506进行调整来确定要执行的后续动作。如果不进行调整,则方法1700循环回到框1744,其中协调器服务器1220等待来自存储器基座1240的性能通知数据1508。否则,方法1700前进到框1766,在框1766中,协调器服务器1220将调整后的存储器层分配数据发送到对应的存储器底座1240(例如,受调整影响的存储器底座1240)。这样做时,协调器服务器1220可以发送要针对一个或多个工作负载而分配的存储器的调整后的量的一个或多个指示,如框1768所示。附加地或可选地,协调器服务器1220可以发送存储器底座1240及其对应层的调整后的标识符以用于路由存储器存取请求(例如,指示存储器底座1260已被层2的存储器底座1270替换的更新),如框1770所示。随后,方法1700返回到框1744,其中协调器服务器1220等待来自存储器底座1240的额外性能通知数据1508。
现在参考图20,在使用中,存储器底座1240可以执行用于辅助动态存储器层分配的方法2000。方法2000从框2002开始,其中存储器底座1240确定是否辅助动态存储器层分配。如果存储器底座1240被通电并且通信地连接到协调器服务器1220,响应于确定存储器底座1220配备有层逻辑单元1254,和/或基于其他标准,存储器底座1240可以确定辅助动态层配置。无论如何,响应于辅助动态层分配的确定,方法2000前进到框2004,在框2004中,存储器底座1240接收指示存储器底座1240到性能(例如,速度)的层的分配的存储器层分配数据1606。这样做时,在说明性实施例中,存储器底座1240接收存储器底座1240和相关联层的标识(例如,存储器底座1250到层1,存储器底座1260到层2等),如框2006中所示。此外,在说明性实施例中,如框2008所示,存储器底座1240接收针对一个或多个工作负载中的每一个而要分配的当前存储器底座1240上的存储器量的指示。在说明性实施例中,如框2010所示,存储器底座1240从协调器服务器1220接收存储器层分配数据1606。
随后,在框2012中,存储器底座1240根据存储器层分配数据1606而分配当前底座1240上的存储器。这样做时,在说明性实施例中,存储器底座1240根据存储器层分配数据1606建立高速缓存逐出和存储器访问路由规则,如框2014所示。例如,对于给定的工作负载,存储器底座1240可以确定不适合在当前的底座1240上的分配的存储器内的任何数据必须被逐出到分配给后续层的存储器底座1240。同样地,应当从与后续层相关联的存储器底座1240请求在当前底座1240的分配的存储器中不可用的任何请求的数据。在框2016中,存储器底座1220接收指示要被监视的一个或多个性能指标和将被满足的对应性能阈值的目标性能数据1604。这样做时,在说明性实施例中,存储器底座1220从协调器服务器1220接收目标性能数据1604,如框2018所示。如框2020所示,存储器底座1240可接收用于MPKI的性能阈值。另外或可选地,如框2022所示,存储器底座1240可以接收CPI的性能阈值。如框2024所示,存储器底座1240可以接收数据访问时延的性能阈值。在接收目标性能数据1604时,如框2026所示,存储器底座1240可以接收用于不同工作负载的不同性能阈值。随后,方法2000前进到图21的框2028,存储器底座1240响应于在执行工作负载时来自计算底座1280,1290的请求并且根据存储器层分配数据1606(例如,根据上面建立的存储器分配)来执行存储器访问操作。
现在参照图21,在执行存储器访问操作时,如框2030所示,存储器底座1240可以从本地存储器(例如,存储器1404)读取所请求的数据。另外地或可替代地,存储器底座1240可以从后续层请求数据(例如,如果所请求的数据在当前存储器底座1240的存储器1404中不可用),如框2032所示。另外地或可替代地,如框2034所示,存储器底座1240可将数据写入本地存储器1404,并且/或者如框2036所示,可以将数据逐出到后续层。如框2038所示,在存储器操作被执行时,存储器底座1240测量实际性能。这样做时,在说明性实施例中,如框2040所示,存储器底座1240可以测量每指令量的未命中(例如,每千条指令的未命中),如框2042所示测量CPI,和/或如框2044所示测量存储器访问的时延。此外,在框2046中,存储器底座1240将所测量的性能与关联于存储器访问操作的工作负载(例如,负责执行哪些存储器访问操作的工作负载)的阶段相关联。这样做时,存储器底座1240可以根据何时执行存储器操作而将测量的性能与阶段相关联(例如,与在特定时间段内执行的一组存储器访问操作相关联的性能测量可以与特定阶段相关联),如框2048所示。另外地或可替代地,存储器底座1240可以根据所执行的存储器操作的类型来执行关联(例如,与特定阶段相关联的写入操作的集合,与特定阶段相关联的读取操作的集合),与如框2050所示。如框2052所示,存储器底座1240可根据所访问(例如,被写入或读取)的数据的类型来执行关联。例如,存储器底座1240可以将一个阶段与用于读取和/或写入文本数据的一组数据访问操作相关联,将另一个阶段与读取和/或写入图像数据的一组访问操作相关联,等等。另外地或可替代地,如框2054所示,存储器底座1240可根据操作(例如,读取或写入)的数据集的大小来执行关联。例如,存储器底座1240可将一个阶段与在一个尺寸范围内的数据集的数据访问操作集合相关联,以及将另一个阶段与不同尺寸范围内的数据集相关联。随后,方法2000前进到图22的框2056,存储器底座1240根据在框2046中标识的工作负载阶段来预测来自工作负载的未来需求。
现在参考图22,在预测未来需求时,存储器底座1240可以确定每个工作负载的当前阶段(例如,通过将当前存储器操作的属性与关联于每个阶段的属性(例如数据集大小、数据类型等)进行比较,如框2058所指示的。另外,如框2060所指示的,存储器底座1240可以基于每个工作负载的先前的阶段模式(例如阶段A通常在阶段B之后,等等)来确定每个工作负载的下一个阶段。随后,方法2000前进到框2062,在框2062中,存储器底座1240根据预测的未来需求和当前测量的性能来预测对存储器底座1240的实际性能的改变。在这样做时,如框2064所示,存储器底座2064可以预测将在下一阶段发生的MPKI的变化,如框2066所示预测CPI的变化,和/或如框2068所示预测时延的变化。在框2070中,存储器底座基于对下一阶段是否预测性能改变(例如,下一阶段是否将带来性能改变并且是否预测下一阶段在预定量的时间内发生)来确定要执行的后续动作。如果是,则方法2000前进到框2072,其中存储器底座1240按照预测的性能改变来调整测量的性能。这样做,如框2074所示,存储器底座1240可以将测量的性能增加或减少与预测的性能变化相对应的百分比。随后,或者如果性能的变化未被预测到,则方法2000前进到框2076,其中存储器底座1240将可能在框2072中调整的测量的性能与目标性能数据1604进行比较。随后,方法2000前进到图23的框2078,其中存储器底座1240确定要执行的后续动作。
现在参照图23,如果测量的性能与目标性能匹配(例如,在诸如阈值的3%的预定义范围内),则方法2000循环回到图21的框2028,其中存储器底座1240继续执行存储器访问操作。否则,方法2000前进到框2080,其中存储器底座1240将性能通知数据1508发送到协调器服务器1220,指示与性能阈值的偏差。由此,并且如以上参照方法1700所讨论的,协调器服务器1220然后将调整存储器分配层数据以分配在层中的更多或更少的存储器或者改变存储器类型(例如,通过将层重新分配给不同的存储器底座1240)以更接近地匹配性能阈值。在框2082中,存储器底座1240从协调器服务器1220接收调整后的存储器层分配数据1606。随后,在框2084中,存储器底座1240根据调整后的存储器层分配数据1606分配当前的底座上的存储器,例如通过增加或减少一个或多个工作负载的存储器量。如框2086所示,存储器底座1240可根据调整后的存储器层分配数据1606建立修改的高速缓存逐出和存储器访问路由规则(例如,改变逐出规则以将数据逐出到存储器底座1260而不是存储器底座1250,等等)。随后,方法2000循环回到图21的框2028,存储器底座1240继续执行针对工作负载的存储器访问操作。
现在参考图24,在网络通信的流程2400中,协调器服务器1220将目标性能数据发送到作为层2操作的存储器底座1250。随后,存储器底座1250发回指示存储器底座1250性能过高(例如,MPKI已经少于目标MPKI 100秒)的性能通知。作为响应,协调器服务器1220调整存储器层分配数据1506以将存储器底座1270分配给层2。之后,协调器服务器1220将调整后的存储器层分配数据1506发送到层1中的存储器底座1250,指示存储器底座1270现在被分配给方法2,并且将存储器层分配数据1506发送到存储器底座1270以向存储器底座1270提供关于要被满足的性能阈值的信息。
现在参考图25,在网络通信流程2500中,计算底座1280确定当访问来自存储器底座1250的数据时,数据分段错误已经发生,并且向协调器服务器1220发送重新映射请求以将另一个存储器底座2510重新分配给层1替代存储器底座1250。作为响应,协调器服务器1220将调整后的存储器层分配数据1506发送到存储器底座1250以将其从层1释放。协调器服务器1220还将调整后的存储器层分配数据1506发送到存储器底座2510以将其分配给层1,并向存储器底座2510通知要分配给每个工作负载的存储器以及其他层中的存储器底座1240的标识符。
示例
下面提供了本文公开的技术的说明性示例。这些技术的实施例可以包括以下描述的示例中任一个或多个示例以及任何组合。
示例1包括一种计算设备:包括一个或多个处理器;以及其中存储有多个指令的存储器,所述指令在由所述一个或多个处理器执行时使所述计算设备:获得指示要被监视的性能度量和在工作负载被执行时要满足的相应性能阈值的目标性能数据;根据所述目标性能数据确定指示将分解的存储器底座分配到性能层的存储器层分配数据,其中一个层的一个存储器底座用作用于后续层的另一个存储器底座的高速缓存;通过网络将所述存储器层分配数据和所述目标性能数据发送给相应的存储器底座;接收来自所述层中的所述存储器底座中的一个的性能通知数据,其中所述性能通知数据指示所述存储器底座是否满足所述性能阈值;以及响应于所述性能通知数据的接收,确定对所述存储器层分配数据的调整。
示例2包括示例1的主题,并且其中确定所述存储器层分配数据包括根据所述存储器底座上可用的存储器的类型和量来确定用于主要层的存储器底座以用作后续层的高速缓存。
示例3包括示例1和2中任一示例的主题,并且其中确定用于所述主要层的存储器底座包括选择与用于所述后续层的所述存储器底座相比具有更快的存储器类型的存储器底座。
示例4包括示例1-3中任一示例的主题,并且其中选择用于所述主要层的存储器底座包括选择具有可用动态随机存取存储器的存储器底座。
示例5包括示例1-4中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收所述性能通知数据包括接收相对于所述性能阈值而言存储器底座已经性能过高的性能通知。
示例6包括示例1-5中任一示例的主题,并且接收所述性能通知数据包括接收相对于所述性能阈值而言存储器底座已经性能过低的性能通知。
示例7包括示例1-6中任一示例的主题,并且其中确定对所述存储器层分配数据的调整包含将层从第一存储器底座重新分配到第二存储器底座,其中所述第二存储器底座比所述第一存储器底座具有更快的存储器。
示例8包括示例1-7中任一示例的主题,并且其中确定对所述存储器层分配数据的调整包括将层从第一存储器底座重新分配到第二存储器底座,其中所述第二存储器底座比所述第一存储器底座具有更慢的存储器。
示例9包括示例1-8中任一示例的主题,并且其中确定对所述存储器层分配数据的调整包含改变将分配给工作负载的存储器底座中的存储器的量。
示例10包括示例1-9中任一示例的主题,并且其中所述多个指令在被执行时进一步使所述计算设备将调整后的存储器层分配数据发送到所述存储器底座。
示例11包括示例1-10中任一示例的主题,并且其中发送所述存储器层分配数据包含发送对于多个工作负载中的每一个分配的存储器量的指示。
示例12包括示例1-11中任一示例的主题,并且其中发送所述存储器层分配数据包含发送所述存储器底座及所述对应层的所述标识符以使得存储器存取请求能够从一个层中的存储器底座路由到后续层中的另一个存储器底座。
示例13包括示例1-12中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收目标性能数据包括从分配给工作负载的计算底座接收目标性能数据。
示例14包括示例1-13中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收目标性能数据包括接收针对要执行的不同工作负载的不同性能阈值。
示例15包括示例1-14中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收目标性能数据包括接收指示执行的每个指令量的高速缓存未命中的目标数量的性能阈值。
示例16包括示例1-15中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收目标性能数据包括接收指示每个指令的目标循环数的性能阈值。
示例17包括示例1-16中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收目标性能数据包括接收指示目标数据访问时延的性能阈值。
示例18包括一种用于动态分配分解的存储器资源的层的方法,该方法包括:由计算设备获得指示要被监视的性能度量以及在工作负载被执行时要满足的对应性能阈值的目标性能数据;由所述计算设备并且根据目标性能数据来确定指示将分解的存储器底座分配到性能层的存储器层分配数据,其中一个层的一个存储器底座用作后续层的另一个存储器底座的高速缓存;由所述计算设备通过网络将所述存储器层分配数据和所述目标性能数据发送到对应的存储器底座;由所述计算设备从所述层中的所述存储器底座中的一个接收性能通知数据,其中所述性能通知数据指示所述存储器底座是否满足所述性能阈值;以及由所述计算设备并且响应于接收到性能通知数据来确定对所述存储器层分配数据的调整。
示例19包括示例18的主题,并且其中确定所述存储器层分配数据包括根据所述存储器底座上可用的存储器的类型和量来确定用于主要层的存储器底座以用作用于后续层的高速缓存。
示例20包括示例18和19中任一示例的主题,并且其中确定用于主要层的存储器底座包括选与用于后续层的存储器底座相比具有更快速的存储器类型的存储器底座。
示例21包括示例18-20中任一示例的主题,并且其中选择用于主要层的存储器底座包括选择具有可用动态随机存取存储器的存储器底座。
示例22包括示例18-21中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收性能通知数据包括接收相对于性能阈值而言存储器底座已经性能过高的性能通知。
示例23包括示例18-22中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收性能通知数据包括接收相对于性能阈值而言存储器底座已经性能过低的性能通知。
示例24包括示例18-23中任一示例的主题,并且其中确定对存储器层分配数据的调整包括:将层从第一存储器底座重新分配给第二存储器底座,其中第二存储器底座比第一个存储器底座具有更快的存储器。
示例25包括示例18-24中任一示例的主题,并且其中确定对存储器层分配数据的调整包括将层从第一存储器底座重新分配给第二存储器底座,其中第二存储器底座比第一个存储器底座具有更慢的存储器。
示例26包括示例18-25中任一示例的主题,并且其中确定对存储器层分配数据的调整包括改变要分配给工作负载的存储器底座中的存储器的量。
示例27包括示例18-26中任一示例的主题,并且还包括由计算设备将调整后的存储器层分配数据发送到存储器底座。
示例28包括示例18-27中任一示例的主题,并且其中发送存储器层分配数据包括发送要分配给多个工作负载中的每一个的存储器量的指示。
示例29包括示例18-28中任一示例的主题,并且其中发送存储器层分配数据包括发送存储器底座和相应层的标识符,以使得存储器存取请求能够从一个层的存储器底座路由到后续层的另一个存储器底座。
示例30包括示例18-29中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收目标性能数据包括从分配给工作负载的计算底座接收目标性能数据。
示例31包括示例18-30中任一示例的主题,并且其中,接收目标性能数据包括接收针对要执行的不同工作负载的不同性能阈值。
示例32包括示例18-31中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收目标性能数据包括接收指示执行的每个指令量的高速缓存未命中的目标数量的性能阈值。
示例33包括示例18-32中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收目标性能数据包括接收指示每条指令的目标循环数的性能阈值。
示例34包括示例18-33中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收目标性能数据包括接收指示目标数据访问时延的性能阈值。
示例35包括其上存储有多个指令的一个或多个机器可读存储介质,所述多个指令响应于被执行而使计算设备执行示例18-34中任一示例的方法。
示例36包括用于动态分配分解的存储器资源的层的计算设备,该计算设备包括一个或多个处理器;其中存储有多个指令的一个或多个存储器设备,所述多个指令在由所述一个或多个处理器执行时使所述计算设备执行示例18-34中任一项所述的方法。
示例37包括一种计算设备,该计算设备包括:用于获得指示要被监视的性能度量和当工作负载被执行时将被满足的对应性能阈值的目标性能数据的单元;用于根据所述目标性能数据确定存储器层分配数据的单元,所述存储器层分配数据指示将分解的存储器底座分配到性能层,其中一层的一个存储器底座将用作后续层的另一存储器底座的高速缓存;用于通过网络将所述存储器层分配数据和所述目标性能数据发送到对应的存储器底座的单元;用于从所述层中的所述存储器底座中的一个接收性能通知数据的单元,其中所述性能通知数据指示所述存储器底座是否满足所述性能阈值;以及用于响应于接收到所述性能通知数据而确定对所述存储器层分配数据的调整的单元。
示例38包括示例37的主题,并且所述用于确定所述存储器层分配数据的单元包括用于根据所述存储器底座上可用的存储器的类型和量来确定用于主要层的存储器底座以用作后续层的高速缓存的单元。
示例39包括示例37和38中任一示例的主题,并且其中所述用于确定用于主要层的存储器底座的单元包括用于选择比用于所述后续层的所述存储器底座具有更快类型的存储器的存储器底座的单元。
示例40包括示例37-39中任一示例的主题,并且其中所述用于选择用于主要层的存储器底座的单元包括用于选择具有可用动态随机存取存储器的存储器底座的单元。
示例41包括示例37-40中任一示例的主题,并且其中所述用于接收所述性能通知数据的单元包含用于接收相对于所述性能阈值而言存储器底座已性能过高的性能通知的单元。
示例42包括示例37-41中的任一示例的主题,并且其中所述用于接收所述性能通知数据的单元包括用于接收相对于所述性能阈值而言存储器底座已经性能过低的性能通知的单元。
示例43包括示例37-42中任一示例的主题,并且其中所述用于确定对所述存储器层分配数据的调整的单元包括用于将层从第一存储器底座重新分配到第二存储器底座的单元,其中所述第二存储器底座比所述第一存储器底座具有更快的存储器。
示例44包括示例37-43中任一示例的主题,并且其中所述用于确定对所述存储器层分配数据的调整的单元包含用于将层从第一存储器底座重新分配到第二存储器底座的单元,其中所述第二存储器底座比第一存储器底座具有更慢的存储器。
示例45包括示例37-44中任一示例的主题,并且其中所述用于确定对所述存储器层分配数据的调整的单元包含用于改变待分配给工作负载的存储器底座中的存储器量的单元。
示例46包括示例37-45中任一示例的主题,并且进一步包含用于将调整后的存储器层分配数据发送到所述存储器底座的单元。
示例47包括示例37-46中任一示例的主题,并且其中所述用于发送所述存储器层分配数据的单元包括用于发送对于多个工作负载中的每一个分配的存储器量的指示的单元。
示例48包括示例37-47中任一示例的主题,并且其中用于发送存储器层分配数据的单元包括用于发送存储器底座和相应层的标识符以使存储器存取请求能够从一个层的存储器底座路由到后续层中的另一个存储器底座的单元。
示例49包括示例37-48中任一示例的主题,并且其中用于接收目标性能数据的单元包括用于从分配给工作负载的计算底座接收目标性能数据的单元。
示例50包括示例37-49中任一示例的主题,并且其中用于接收目标性能数据的单元包括用于接收针对要执行的不同工作负载的不同性能阈值的单元。
示例51包括示例37-50中任一示例的主题,并且其中用于接收目标性能数据的单元包括用于接收指示执行的每个指令量的高速缓存未命中的目标数量的性能阈值的单元。
示例52包括示例37-51中任一示例的主题,并且其中用于接收目标性能数据的单元包括用于接收表示每条指令的目标循环数的性能阈值的单元。
示例53包括示例37-52中任一示例的主题,并且其中用于接收目标性能数据的单元包括用于接收指示目标数据访问时延的性能阈值的单元。
示例54包括用于促进分解的存储器资源的层的动态分配的存储器底座,该存储器底座包括:存储器;耦合到所述存储器的一个或多个处理器,其中所述一个或多个处理器将从计算设备接收指示所述存储器底座和另一存储器底座到单独的性能层的分配的存储器层分配数据,其中,存储器底座之一用作另一个存储器底座的高速缓存;根据存储器层分配数据分配存储器;接收目标性能数据,所述目标性能数据指示目标性能度量和在执行工作负载中要满足的相关性能阈值;响应来自分配给工作负载的计算底座的请求来执行存储器访问操作;在执行存储器访问操作时测量所分配的存储器的性能度量;确定测量的性能度量是否满足性能阈值;并且响应于测量的性能度量不满足性能阈值的确定,向计算设备发送性能通知,即不满足性能阈值。
示例55包括示例54的主题,并且其中所述一个或多个处理器还用于从所述计算设备接收调整后的存储器层分配数据并且根据所述调整后的存储器层分配数据来分配所述存储器。
示例56包括示例54和55中任一示例的主题,并且其中响应于来自分配给工作负载的计算底座的请求而执行存储器访问操作包括将数据逐出到后续层并将数据写入到存储器。
示例57包括示例54-56中任一示例的主题,并且其中响应于来自分配给工作负载的计算底座的请求来执行存储器访问操作包括确定所请求的数据不在存储器中并且从后续层请求数据。
示例58包括示例54-57中任一示例的主题,并且其中,所述一个或多个处理器还将测量的性能与工作负载的各阶段相关联;根据工作负载的各个阶段预测工作负载对存储器操作的未来需求;并根据预测的未来需求预测存储器底座的性能变化。
示例59包括示例54-58中任一示例的主题,并且其中,所述一个或多个处理器还用于在确定所测量的性能是否满足性能阈值之前,通过预测的性能变化来调整测量的性能。
示例60包括示例54-59中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收存储器层分配数据包括接收存储器底座和关联层的标识。
示例61包括示例54-60中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收存储器层分配数据包括接收要分配给工作负载的存储器底座的存储器的量。
示例62包括示例54-61中任一示例的主题,并且其中根据存储器层分配数据分配存储器包括根据存储器层分配数据建立高速缓存逐出策略和存储器访问路由规则。
示例63包括示例54-62中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收目标性能数据包括接收指示执行的每个指令量的高速缓存未命中的目标数量的性能阈值。
示例64包括示例54-63中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收目标性能数据包括接收指示每条指令的目标循环数的性能阈值。
示例65包括示例54-64中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收目标性能数据包括接收指示目标数据访问时延的性能阈值。
示例66包括示例54-65中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收目标性能数据包括接收针对不同工作负载的不同性能阈值。
示例67包括示例54-66中任一示例的主题,并且其中从计算设备接收存储器层分配数据包括从协调器服务器接收存储器层分配数据。
示例68包括一种用于促进分解的存储器资源的层的动态分配的方法,该存储器底座包括由存储器底座并且从计算设备接收指示存储器底座和另一存储器底座到单独的性能层的分配的存储器层分配数据,其中一个存储器底座用作另一个存储器底座的高速缓存;由所述存储器底座所述存储器层分配数据分配所述存储器底座的存储器的子集;由所述存储器底座接收指示目标性能度量和在执行工作负载时将要满足的关联性能阈值的目标性能数据;响应于来自分配给工作负载的计算底座的请求,由存储器底座执行存储器访问操作;由存储器底座测量当存储器访问操作被执行时所分配的存储器的性能度量;由存储器底座确定测量的性能度量是否满足性能阈值;以及通过所述存储器底座并且响应于所测量的性能度量不满足所述性能阈值的确定,向所述计算设备发送性能通知,表明所述性能阈值未被满足。
示例69包括示例68的主题,并且还包括由存储器底座接收来自计算设备的调整后的存储器层分配数据并且根据调整后的存储器层分配数据来分配存储器。
示例70包括示例68和69中任一示例的主题,并且其中响应于来自分配给工作负载的计算底座的请求而执行存储器访问操作包括将数据逐出到后续层并将数据写入到存储器。
示例71包括示例68-70中任一示例的主题,并且其中响应于来自分配给工作负载的计算底座的请求来执行存储器访问操作包括确定所请求的数据不在本层的存储器中并且从后续层请求数据。
示例72包括示例68-71中任一示例的主题,并且还包括通过存储器底座将测量的性能与工作负载的阶段相关联;通过存储器底座根据工作负载的阶段预测工作负载对存储器操作的未来需求;并且通过存储器底座预测的未来需求预测存储器底座的性能的变化。
示例73包括示例68-72中任一示例的主题,并且还包括在确定测量的性能是否满足性能阈值之前,通过存储器底座来按预测的性能变化调整测量的性能。
示例74包括示例68-73中任一示例的主题,并且其中,接收存储器层位置数据包括接收存储器底座和相关联层的标识。
示例75包括示例68-74中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收存储器层分配数据包括接收要分配给工作负载的存储器底座的存储器的量。
示例76包括示例68-75中任一示例的主题,并且其中根据存储器层分配数据分配存储器包括根据存储器层分配数据来建立高速缓存逐出策略和存储器访问路由规则。
示例77包括示例68-76中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收目标性能数据包括接收指示执行的每个指令量的高速缓存未命中的目标数量的性能阈值。
示例78包括示例68-77中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收目标性能数据包括接收表示每条指令的目标循环数的性能阈值。
示例79包括示例68-78中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收目标性能数据包括接收指示目标数据访问时延的性能阈值。
示例80包括示例68-79中任一示例的主题,并且其中接收目标性能数据包括接收针对不同工作负载的不同性能阈值。
示例81包括示例68-80中任一示例的主题,并且其中从计算设备接收存储器层分配数据包括从协调器服务器接收存储器层分配数据。
示例82包括其上存储有多个指令的一个或多个机器可读存储介质,所述多个指令响应于被执行而使得存储器底座执行示例68-81中任一示例的方法。
示例83包括用于促进分解的存储器资源的层的动态分配的存储器底座,该存储器底座包括:存储器;耦合到存储器的一个或多个处理器,其中所述一个或多个处理器将执行示例68-81中任一示例的方法。
示例84包括一种存储器底座,该存储器底座包括:用于从计算设备接收指示存储器底座和另一存储器底座到单独的性能层的分配的存储器层分配数据的单元,其中存储器底座中的一个存储器底座用作另一个存储器底座的高速缓存;用于根据所述存储器层分配数据分配所述存储器底座的存储器的子集的单元;用于接收目标性能数据的单元,所述目标性能数据指示目标性能度量和在工作负载的执行中要满足的相关性能阈值;用于响应来自分配给所述工作负载的计算底座的请求来执行存储器访问操作的单元;用于在执行存储器访问操作时测量所分配的存储器的性能度量的单元;用于确定测量的性能度量是否满足性能阈值的单元;以及用于响应于所测量的性能度量不满足所述性能阈值的确定而向所述计算设备发送性能通知表明所述性能阈值未被满足的单元。
示例85包括示例84的主题,并且还包括用于从计算设备接收调整后的存储器层分配数据并且根据调整后的存储器层分配数据来分配存储器的单元。
示例86包括示例84和85中任一示例的主题,并且其中响应于来自分配给工作负载的计算底座的请求来执行存储器访问操作的单元包括用于将数据逐出到后续层并将数据写入到存储器的单元。
示例87包括示例84-86中任一示例的主题,并且其中用于响应于来自分配给工作负载的计算底座的请求来执行存储器访问操作的单元包括用于确定所请求的数据不在本层的存储器中并且从后续层请求数据的单元。
示例88包括示例84-87中任一示例的主题,并且还包括用于将测量的性能与工作负载的阶段相关联的单元;用于根据工作负载的阶段预测工作负载对存储器操作的未来需求的单元;以及用于根据预测的未来需要来预测存储器底座的性能变化的单元。
示例89包括示例84-88中任一示例的主题,并且还包括用于在确定所测量的性能是否满足性能阈值之前通过预测的性能变化来调整测量的性能的单元。
示例90包括示例84-89中的任一示例的主题,并且其中用于接收存储器层分配数据的单元包括用于接收存储器底座和相关联层的标识的单元。
示例91包括示例84-90中任一示例的主题,并且其中用于接收存储器层位置数据的单元包括用于接收要分配给工作负载的存储器底座的存储器量的单元。
示例92包括示例84-91中任一示例的主题,并且其中用于根据存储器层分配数据分配存储器的单元包括用于根据存储器层分配数据建立高速缓存逐出策略和存储器访问路由规则的单元。
示例93包括示例84-92中任一示例的主题,并且其中用于接收目标性能数据的单元包括用于接收指示执行的每指令量的高速缓存未命中的目标数量的性能阈值的单元。
示例94包括示例84-93中任一示例的主题,并且其中用于接收目标性能数据的单元包括用于接收表示每条指令的目标循环数的性能阈值的单元。
示例95包括示例84-94中任一示例的主题,并且其中用于接收目标性能数据的单元包括用于接收指示目标数据访问时延的性能阈值的单元。
示例96包括示例84-95中任一示例的主题,并且其中用于接收目标性能数据的单元包括用于接收针对不同工作负载的不同性能阈值的单元。
示例97包括示例84-96中任一示例的主题,并且其中用于从计算设备接收存储器层分配数据的单元包括用于从存储器层服务器接收存储器层分配数据的单元。
Claims (25)
1.一种计算设备,包括:
一个或多个处理器;以及
其中存储有多个指令的存储器,所述指令在被所述一个或多个处理器执行时使所述计算设备:
获得指示要被监视的性能度量和在工作负载被执行时要满足的相应性能阈值的目标性能数据;
根据所述目标性能数据确定指示将分解的存储器底座分配到性能的层的存储器层分配数据,其中一个层的一个存储器底座用作用于后续层的另一个存储器底座的高速缓存;
通过网络将所述存储器层分配数据和所述目标性能数据发送给相应的存储器底座;
从所述层中的所述存储器底座中的一个存储器底座接收性能通知数据,其中所述性能通知数据指示所述存储器底座是否已满足所述性能阈值;以及
响应于接收到所述性能通知数据,确定对所述存储器层分配数据的调整。
2.根据权利要求1所述的计算设备,其中确定所述存储器层分配数据包括根据所述存储器底座上可用的存储器的类型和量来确定用于主要层的存储器底座以用作后续层的高速缓存。
3.根据权利要求2所述的计算设备,其中确定用于所述主要层的存储器底座包括选择与用于所述后续层的存储器底座相比具有更快的存储器类型的存储器底座。
4.根据权利要求3所述的计算设备,其中选择用于所述主要层的存储器底座包括选择具有可用动态随机存取存储器的存储器底座。
5.如权利要求1所述的计算设备,其中接收所述性能通知数据包括接收相对于所述性能阈值而言存储器底座已经性能过高的性能通知。
6.根据权利要求1所述的计算设备,其中接收所述性能通知数据包括接收相对于所述性能阈值而言存储器底座已经性能过低的性能通知。
7.根据权利要求1所述的计算设备,其中确定对所述存储器层分配数据的调整包括将层从第一存储器底座重新分配到第二存储器底座,其中所述第二存储器底座比所述第一存储器底座具有更快的存储器。
8.根据权利要求1所述的计算设备,其中确定对所述存储器层分配数据的调整包括将层从第一存储器底座重新分配到第二存储器底座,其中所述第二存储器底座比所述第一存储器底座具有更慢的存储器。
9.根据权利要求1所述的计算设备,其中确定对所述存储器层分配数据的调整包括改变存储器底座中要被分配给工作负载的存储器的量。
10.根据权利要求1所述的计算设备,其中所述多个指令在被执行时进一步使所述计算设备将调整后的存储器层分配数据发送到所述存储器底座。
11.根据权利要求1所述的计算设备,其中发送所述存储器层分配数据包括发送针对多个工作负载中的每一个要分配的存储器的量的指示。
12.根据权利要求1所述的计算设备,其中发送所述存储器层分配数据包括发送所述存储器底座及相应的层的标识符以使得存储器存取请求能够被从一个层中的存储器底座路由到后续层中的另一个存储器底座。
13.一种计算设备,包括:
用于获得指示要被监视的性能度量和当工作负载被执行时要满足的对应性能阈值的目标性能数据的单元;
用于根据所述目标性能数据确定指示将分解的存储器底座分配到性能的层的存储器层分配数据的单元,其中一个层的一个存储器底座用作后续层的另一个存储器底座的高速缓存;
用于通过网络将所述存储器层分配数据和所述目标性能数据发送给相应的存储器底座的单元;
用于从所述层中的所述存储器底座中的一个存储器底座接收性能通知数据的单元,其中所述性能通知数据指示所述存储器底座是否已满足所述性能阈值;以及
用于响应于接收到所述性能通知数据而确定对所述存储器层分配数据的调整的单元。
14.根据权利要求13所述的计算设备,其中用于确定所述存储器层分配数据的单元包括用于根据所述存储器底座上可用的存储器的类型和量来确定用于主要层的存储器底座以用作后续层的高速缓存的单元。
15.根据权利要求14所述的计算设备,其中用于确定用于主要层的存储器底座的单元包括用于选择与用于所述后续层的存储器底座相比具有更快类型的存储器的存储器底座的单元。
16.根据权利要求15所述的计算设备,其中用于选择用于所述主要层的存储器底座的单元包括用于选择具有可用动态随机存取存储器的存储器底座的单元。
17.根据权利要求13所述的计算设备,其中用于接收所述性能通知数据的单元包括用于接收存储器底座相对于所述性能阈值而言已经性能过高的性能通知的单元。
18.根据权利要求13所述的计算设备,其中用于接收所述性能通知数据的单元包括用于接收存储器底座相对于所述性能阈值而言已经性能过低的性能通知的单元。
19.根据权利要求13所述的计算设备,其中用于确定对所述存储器层分配数据的调整的单元包括用于将层从第一存储器底座重新分配到第二存储器底座的单元,其中所述第二存储器底座比所述第一存储器底座具有更快的存储器。
20.根据权利要求13所述的计算设备,其中用于确定对所述存储器层分配数据的调整的单元包括用于将层从第一存储器底座重新分配到第二存储器底座的单元,其中所述第二存储器底座比所述第一存储器底座具有更慢的存储器。
21.根据权利要求13所述的计算设备,其中用于确定对所述存储器层分配数据的调整的单元包括用于改变存储器底座中要被分配给工作负载的存储器的量的单元。
22.根据权利要求13所述的计算设备,进一步包括用于将调整后的存储器层分配数据发送到所述存储器底座的单元。
23.根据权利要求13所述的计算设备,其中用于发送所述存储器层分配数据的单元包括用于发送针对多个工作负载中的每一个要分配的存储器的量的指示的单元。
24.一种用于动态分配分解的存储器资源的层的方法,所述方法包括:
由计算设备获得指示要被监视的性能度量以及在工作负载被执行时要满足的相应性能阈值的目标性能数据;
由所述计算设备并且根据所述目标性能数据来确定指示将分解的存储器底座分配到性能的层的存储器层分配数据,其中一个层的一个存储器底座用作后续层的另一个存储器底座的高速缓存;
由所述计算设备通过网络将所述存储器层分配数据和所述目标性能数据发送给相应的存储器底座;
由所述计算设备从所述层中的所述存储器底座中的一个存储器底座接收性能通知数据,其中所述性能通知数据指示所述存储器底座是否已满足所述性能阈值;以及
由所述计算设备并且响应于接收到所述性能通知数据来确定对所述存储器层分配数据的调整。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其中确定所述存储器层分配数据包括根据所述存储器底座上可用的存储器的类型和量来确定用于主要层的存储器底座以用作用于后续层的高速缓存。
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111400045A (zh) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-07-10 | 杭州海康威视系统技术有限公司 | 一种负载均衡方法及装置 |
CN111400045B (zh) * | 2020-03-16 | 2023-09-05 | 杭州海康威视系统技术有限公司 | 一种负载均衡方法及装置 |
CN115695187A (zh) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-02-03 | 中国工商银行股份有限公司 | 通讯资源获取方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质 |
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