JP4969246B2 - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法、その方法に使用される反応器及びその方法により製造されるリチウム二次電池用正極活物質 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法、その方法に使用される反応器及びその方法により製造されるリチウム二次電池用正極活物質 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4969246B2 JP4969246B2 JP2006541026A JP2006541026A JP4969246B2 JP 4969246 B2 JP4969246 B2 JP 4969246B2 JP 2006541026 A JP2006541026 A JP 2006541026A JP 2006541026 A JP2006541026 A JP 2006541026A JP 4969246 B2 JP4969246 B2 JP 4969246B2
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- positive electrode
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- secondary battery
- lithium
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 100
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 80
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 74
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 24
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- -1 metal complex hydroxide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003920 NixMnx+yCo1−2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 36
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- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 238000000445 field-emission scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
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- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910015228 Ni1/3Mn1/3CO1/3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
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- CHDVXKLFZBWKEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=C.F.F.F.Cl Chemical compound C=C.F.F.F.Cl CHDVXKLFZBWKEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910008029 Li-In Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910013043 Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910012810 Li3PO4—Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012797 Li3PO4—Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910008475 Li—Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008478 Li—Al—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008473 Li—Al—Te Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008299 Li—Cd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006620 Li—Ga Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006670 Li—In Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006309 Li—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006382 Li—Mn—Ni—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006465 Li—Ni—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006467 Li—Ni—Mn—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006738 Li—Pb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015177 Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UUCGKVQSSPTLOY-UHFFFAOYSA-J cobalt(2+);nickel(2+);tetrahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Co+2].[Ni+2] UUCGKVQSSPTLOY-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- IVJIGWPAEHHPPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl hydrogen carbonate;ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(O)=O.CCOC(=O)OC IVJIGWPAEHHPPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003390 magnesium sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002697 manganese compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZAUUZASCMSWKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese nickel Chemical compound [Mn].[Ni] ZAUUZASCMSWKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
- B01F27/86—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis co-operating with deflectors or baffles fixed to the receptacle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
- B01F27/86—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis co-operating with deflectors or baffles fixed to the receptacle
- B01F27/862—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis co-operating with deflectors or baffles fixed to the receptacle the baffles being adjustable or movable
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1228—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. LiMnO2, Li[MxMn1-x]O2
-
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- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/40—Cobaltates
- C01G51/42—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
- C01G51/44—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese
- C01G51/50—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(CoxMn1-x)O2, Li(MyCoxMn1-x-y)O2
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- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
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- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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- C01P2006/11—Powder tap density
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- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Description
なお、日本国特開2003−238165号公報、日本国特開2003−203633号公報、日本国特開2003−242976A号公報、日本国特開2003−197256A号公報、日本国特開2003−86182号公報、日本国特開2003−68299号公報及び日本国特開2003−59490号公報には、ニッケルとマンガンの塩を、あるいはニッケル、マンガン及びコバルトの塩を水溶液に溶解した後、アルカリ溶液を同時に反応器に投入し、還元剤や不活性ガスでファジーしながら金属水酸化物や酸化物を得て、この前駆体を水酸化リチウムと混合した後、塑性し、充放電可塑性と熱的安定性が向上した高容量の正極活物質の製造に関する技術が公知されている。
[表1]
実施例7乃至11で製造された正極活物質粉と、参考例1で製造された正極活物質粉との特性値を表2で表された。
[表2]
図10a乃至10cは、実施例1で製造された正極活物質の充放電によるdQ/dV曲線(図9)で現された地点のXANES(X−ray sbsorption near structure)の分析結果である。Ni、Co及びMnのK−edge上の酸化水の変化は、殆どない。NiのK−edgeの場合、2+から4+への充放電中に移動されることが確認され、CoのK−edgeは、一部が4.5V以上で3+から4+へ移動され、MnのK−edgeの場合は、4+に固定されることを確認することができる。これは、特に、本発明の正極活物質により、Mnの酸化/還元反応による変換(3+から4+へ)により生じる構造転移の問題が解決されることが分かる。このような様相は、実施例1だけでなく、実施例2乃至11で製造された正極活物質から共通する現象である。
Claims (15)
- リチウム二次電池正極活物質Li1+δ[NixMnx−y/2Co1−2x−zMyNz]O2−aPa、またはLi1+δ[NixMnx+yCo1−2(x+y)My]O2−aPa(M=Mg、Zn、Ca、Sr、Cu、Zr、N=Fe、Al、Ga、In、Cr、Ge、Sn、P=F、S、−1/10≦δ≦1/10、0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1/10、0≦z≦1/10、0≦a≦0.3)の製造方法において、金属前駆体、アンモニア水溶液及び塩基性溶液を反応器に同時に投入して混合し、沈殿させることによって、金属複合水酸化物を得る段階、及び前記金属複合水酸化物とリチウム前駆体の混合反応によりリチウム金属複合酸化物を得る段階、を含み、前記反応器の回転翼が逆翼形状(reverse vane type)に設計され、バッフル(baffle)が内壁から離隔された構造であることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記金属前駆体として、2種以上の金属塩を含む水溶液を使用することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池正極活物質の製造方法。
- 反応器に投入する前において前記アンモニア水溶液の濃度は、金属水溶液の濃度の0.2乃至0.3であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のリチウム二次電池正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記金属前駆体の前記反応器における滞留時間が、5〜10時間であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記塩基性溶液は、pH11.0乃至11.5になるよう投入することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記リチウム金属複合酸化物を得る段階において、キレート剤として、クエン酸、酒石酸、グリコール酸、またはマレイン酸を使用することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池正極活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項1記載のリチウム二次電池正極活物質の製造方法で使用される反応器において、回転翼が逆翼形状(reverse vane type)に設計され、バッフル(baffle)が内壁から離隔された構造であることを特徴とする反応器。
- 前記バッフルは、3つであることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の反応器。
- 請求項1乃至請求項6の何れかの製造方法により製造されたリチウム二次電池正極活物質。
- 1次の粒子の粒径が0.1〜2μmであり、2次の粒子の平均粒径が10μmであり、層状岩塩構造を有することを特徴とする請求項9に記載のリチウム二次電池正極活物質。
- ニッケル酸化価は、2.0、マンガン酸化価は、4.0、コバルト酸化価は、3.0であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のリチウム二次電池正極活物質。
- 金属前駆体、アンモニア水溶液及び塩基性溶液を反応器に同時に投入して混合し、沈殿させることによって、金属複合水酸化物を得る段階、及び前記金属複合水酸化物とリチウム前駆体の混合反応によりリチウム金属複合酸化物を得る段階を含む製造方法により製造されたリチウム複合酸化物Bであって、前記正極活物質よりも平均粒径が小さいリチウム複合酸化物Bをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載のリチウム二次電池正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム複合酸化物Bの平均粒径は、請求項9の正極活物質の平均粒径の90%以下であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載のリチウム二次電池正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム複合酸化物Bが、5乃至40重量%含まれることを特徴とする請求項12に記載のリチウム二次電池正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム複合酸化物Bは、請求項9の正極活物質と同様の組成であり、またはLiNi1−x−yCoxMyO2Pz(M=Al、Mg、Zr、Ti、P=F、S、x≦0.1、0≦y≦0.1、0≦z≦0.1)で表されることを特徴とする請求項12に記載のリチウム二次電池正極活物質。
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KR1020030084702A KR100548988B1 (ko) | 2003-11-26 | 2003-11-26 | 리튬이차전지용 양극활물질 제조방법, 그 방법에 사용되는반응기 및 그 방법으로 제조되는 리튬이차전지용 양극활물질 |
PCT/KR2004/002980 WO2005053064A1 (en) | 2003-11-26 | 2004-11-17 | Cathode active material for lithium secondary battery, process for preparing the same and reactor for use in the same process |
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KR100639526B1 (ko) * | 2005-02-02 | 2006-10-30 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 탄산염 공침법을 이용한 3볼트급 스피넬 산화물, 그제조방법 및 이를 이용한 리튬이차전지 |
WO2006126854A1 (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2006-11-30 | Dae-Jung Chemicals & Metals Co., Ltd. | Processes of preparing manganese oxides and processes of preparing spinel type cathode active material using the same |
WO2007006584A2 (de) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-01-18 | Elsper Ruediger | Anorganische feststoffkationenleiter und herstellungsverfahren |
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US8936873B2 (en) | 2005-08-16 | 2015-01-20 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Cathode active material and lithium secondary battery containing them |
CN103762351A (zh) * | 2005-08-16 | 2014-04-30 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 阴极活性材料及包含该阴极活性材料的锂二次电池 |
CN101223658A (zh) * | 2005-08-16 | 2008-07-16 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 阴极活性材料及包含该活性材料的锂二次电池 |
KR100783294B1 (ko) * | 2005-08-16 | 2007-12-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극 활물질 및 그것을 포함하고 있는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR100783293B1 (ko) * | 2005-08-16 | 2007-12-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극 활물질 및 그것을 포함하고 있는 리튬 이차전지 |
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JP2007512668A (ja) | 2007-05-17 |
US8765305B2 (en) | 2014-07-01 |
KR100548988B1 (ko) | 2006-02-02 |
WO2005053064A1 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
CN1886847A (zh) | 2006-12-27 |
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