JP5687713B2 - 回分式反応器(batchreactor)を用いて濃度勾配層を有するリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体、正極活物質を製造する方法、及びこれにより製造されたリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体、正極活物質 - Google Patents
回分式反応器(batchreactor)を用いて濃度勾配層を有するリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体、正極活物質を製造する方法、及びこれにより製造されたリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体、正極活物質 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5687713B2 JP5687713B2 JP2012548891A JP2012548891A JP5687713B2 JP 5687713 B2 JP5687713 B2 JP 5687713B2 JP 2012548891 A JP2012548891 A JP 2012548891A JP 2012548891 A JP2012548891 A JP 2012548891A JP 5687713 B2 JP5687713 B2 JP 5687713B2
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 title claims description 122
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 83
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 50
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 49
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 94
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- MZZUATUOLXMCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Co] MZZUATUOLXMCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 40
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 29
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 14
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 10
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000445 field-emission scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 10
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229940053662 nickel sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 8
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical group [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 7
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide Inorganic materials [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009774 resonance method Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910019769 (Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910006465 Li—Ni—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017246 Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2,4$l^{2}-dioxathiaplumbetane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHDVXKLFZBWKEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=C.F.F.F.Cl Chemical compound C=C.F.F.F.Cl CHDVXKLFZBWKEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRSHJTCXSUMVKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC[C]CCC Chemical compound CCC[C]CCC WRSHJTCXSUMVKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002999 Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007857 Li-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007864 Li-Al-Cd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007854 Li-Al-In Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007909 Li-Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007894 Li-Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007903 Li-Al-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007912 Li-Cd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007975 Li-Ga Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008029 Li-In Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008367 Li-Pb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013043 Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013035 Li3PO4-Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012810 Li3PO4—Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012797 Li3PO4—Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013188 LiBOB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910008447 Li—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008443 Li—Al—Cd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008470 Li—Al—In Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008472 Li—Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008475 Li—Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008478 Li—Al—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008473 Li—Al—Te Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008299 Li—Cd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006620 Li—Ga Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006670 Li—In Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006309 Li—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006467 Li—Ni—Mn—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006738 Li—Pb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021314 NaFeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003307 Ni-Cd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018095 Ni-MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018477 Ni—MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OYEOMXKDDUASEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;carboxy hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound OC(O)=O.OC(=O)OC(O)=O OYEOMXKDDUASEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
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Description
キレート剤水溶液を回分式反応器に投入する第1の段階;
第1の前駆体水溶液、キレート剤水溶液及び塩基性水溶液を反応器に同時に且つ連続的に投入して、コア層をなす球状の沈殿物を得る第2の段階;
第2の前駆体水溶液、キレート剤水溶液及び塩基性水溶液を反応器に同時に且つ連続的に投入して、前記コア層表面にニッケルマンガンコバルトの濃度が相対的且つ漸進的に変わる濃度勾配層をなす沈殿物を得る第3の段階;
第3の前駆体水溶液、キレート剤水溶液及び塩基性水溶液を反応器に同時に且つ連続的に投入して、前記濃度勾配層表面にシェル層をなす沈殿物を得る第4の段階;及び前記沈殿物を乾燥又は熱処理してリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体を製造する第5の段階を含む。
回分式反応器(batch reactor)(容量70L、回転モータの出力80W以上)に蒸留水20リットルとキレート剤としてアンモニアを840g入れた後、反応器内の温度を50℃に維持しながらモータを400rpmで攪拌した。
CSTR反応器として共振反応器(容量70L、回転モータの出力80W以上)に蒸留水70リットルを入れ、反応器内の温度を50℃に維持しながらモータを400rpmで攪拌した。
前記実施例、比較例で製造された前駆体粒子に対して次のような実験を行った。
図2は、前記実施例及び比較例の前駆体粉末を焼成させた後、得られた焼結体粉末のエックス線回折パターンである。図2で示すように、(006)と(102)のピーク分離、(018)と(110)のピーク分離がよく示されており、(003)と(104)のピーク比が1以上であることから、前記リチウム複合酸化物は空間群R−3mを有するヘキサゴナル(hexagonal)−NaFeO2構造を有し、濃度勾配層でもって形成された後も結晶性に優れた層状化合物であることがわかる。
図3a、3bは、前記実施例の沈殿物を150℃の温風乾燥機で12時間乾燥させた前駆体のFE−SEM(×1,000、×10,000)写真、図3cは、前記実施例の前駆体を樹脂に含侵させた後、粉砕して製造したパウダー粉末の断面のFE−SEM(×5,000)写真であり、図4a、4bは、前記比較例の沈殿物を150℃の温風乾燥機で12時間乾燥させた前駆体のFE−SEM(×1,000、×10,000)写真、図4cは、前記比較例の前駆体を樹脂に含侵させた後、粉砕して製造したパウダー粉末の断面のFE−SEM(×5,000)写真である。
3.粒度分布測定
図5は、前記実施例、比較例によって製造された前駆体粉末の粒度分布を示す。前記実施例によって製造された前駆体粉末は、平均粒径が5μm〜10μmの球状で、図5で示すように、本願発明によって製造された前駆体粉末のさらに良好な粒度分布を示す。本発明によって製造された前駆体粉末のタップ密度は、1.7g/cm3〜2.0g/cm3であった。
前記実施例、比較例によって製造された前駆体粉末の表面をEDX(Energy Dispersive X−ray spectrometer)分析装備で分析し、その結果を図6に示した。
前記実施例及び比較例によって製造された濃度勾配層を有するリチウム二次電池用正極活物質と、導電体としてアセチレンブラック、結合剤としてポリビニリデンフルオライド(PVdF製品名:solef6020)を84:8:8の重量比で混合してスラリーを製造した。前記スラリーを20μmの厚みのアルミニウム箔に均一に塗布し、130℃で真空乾燥してリチウム二次電池用正極を製造した。
実施例及び比較例の正極活物質を用いて製造されたコイン電池に対して、下記のとおり電池特性を評価した。
(a)実施例及び(b)比較例から製造された前駆体粉末を用いて製造したリチウム二次電池を3.0V〜4.3Vの範囲で電気化学分析装置(ToyoSystem、Toscat3100U)を使用して正極活物質の特性を評価した。0.170mAで充放電して電池容量を測定し、その結果を図7に示した。図7で示すように、実施例から製造された焼結体粉末の放電容量は189Ah/gで、現在商業化されているLiCoO2の平均放電容量である160mAh/gよりも高い放電容量を有していることが確認できた。
(a)実施例及び(b)比較例から製造された前駆体粉末を用いて製造したリチウム二次電池を3.0V〜4.3Vの範囲で0.6mAh/gで50回充放電すると共に、測定した放電容量維持率(%)を測定し、その結果を図8に示した。図8で示すように、実施例から製造された三重層正極活物質を用いたリチウム二次電池は、50回の充放電後も放電容量維持率が略95%と非常に高く示されることが確認できる。
(a)実施例から製造された焼結体粉末、及び(b)比較例から製造された焼結体粉末を正極活物質として利用したリチウム二次電池を4.3Vで充電した後、TAinstrument Q20を用いて示差熱分析(Differential scanning calorimetry:DSC)し、その結果を図9に示した。
前記実施例及び比較例において、同じ乾燥過程を経た前駆体1kgを生成するための各々の原料使用量を測定し、その結果を図10及び表1に示した。図10及び表1に示すように、本願発明の回分式反応器(batchreactor)を用いた場合、CSTR反応器を用いた比較例に比べて、前駆体1kgを生成するための原料使用量は33%にすぎず、67%の原料節減効果があることが分かる。
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Claims (7)
- 回分式反応器を用いて濃度勾配層を有するリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体を製造する方法において、
前記回分式反応器に、2mol/L〜3mol/L濃度のキレート剤水溶液を前記反応器全体の体積の25%〜35%まで投入する第1の段階と、
第1の前駆体水溶液、前記キレート剤水溶液及び塩基性水溶液を、前記反応器に前記反応器全体の体積の30%〜60%まで同時に且つ連続的に投入して、コア層をなす球状の沈殿物を得る第2の段階と、
第2の前駆体水溶液、前記キレート剤水溶液及び前記塩基性水溶液を、前記反応器に前記反応器全体の体積の10%〜30%まで同時に且つ連続的に投入して、前記コア層表面にニッケルマンガンコバルトの濃度が相対的且つ漸進的に変わる濃度勾配層をなす沈殿物を得る第3の段階と、
第3の前駆体水溶液、前記キレート剤水溶液及び前記塩基性水溶液を、前記反応器に前記反応器全体の体積の5%〜10%まで同時に且つ連続的に投入して、前記濃度勾配層表面にシェル層をなす沈殿物を得る第4の段階と、
前記沈殿物を乾燥または熱処理してリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体を製造する第5の段階とを含み、
前記第2段階において、前記キレート剤水溶液と前記第1の前駆体水溶液との混合水溶液における金属塩の含有量は10モル%〜50モル%であり、反応が進むに従って前記反応器内での前記キレート剤の濃度を減少させ、
前記第3段階において、前記キレート剤水溶液と前記第2の前駆体水溶液との混合水溶液における金属塩の含有量は20モル%〜40モル%であり、
前記第4段階において、前記キレート剤水溶液と前記第3の前駆体水溶液との混合水溶液における金属塩の含有量は5モル%〜20モル%である、
回分式反応器を用いた濃度勾配層を有するリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法。 - 前記第2の段階の前記第1の前駆体水溶液は、Ni:Co:Mn=a:b:1-(a+b)(0.7≦a≦0.9、0≦b≦0.2)であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の回分式反応器を用いた濃度勾配層を有するリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法。
- 前記第3の段階の前記第2の前駆体水溶液は、前記第1の前駆体水溶液と濃度勾配形成用水溶液とを一定の割合で混合して作ると共に、前記反応器に連続的に投入されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の回分式反応器を用いた濃度勾配層を有するリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法。
- 前記濃度勾配形成用水溶液は、Ni:Co:Mn=a:b:1-(a+b)(0≦a≦0.2、0.1≦b≦0.4)からなることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の回分式反応器を用いた濃度勾配層を有するリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法。
- 前記第3の段階の第2の前駆体水溶液は、別途の撹拌器で前記第1の前駆体水溶液と前記濃度勾配形成用水溶液とを混合液内のNi:Co:Mn=a:b:1-(a+b)(0≦a≦0.5、0≦b≦0.4)になるまで混合して作られると共に、連続的に前記反応器に投入されることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の回分式反応器を用いた濃度勾配層を有するリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法。
- 前記第4の段階における第3の前駆体水溶液はNi:Co:Mn=a:b:1-(a+b)(0≦a≦0.5、0≦b≦0.4)であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の回分式反応器を用いた濃度勾配層を有するリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれかによって濃度勾配層を有するリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体を製造する段階と、
前記正極活物質前駆体をリチウム化合物と混合させる段階、及び750℃〜1000℃にて空気または酸素の酸化性雰囲気で10〜25時間熱処理する段階とをさらに含むことを特徴とする、回分式反応器を用いた濃度勾配層を有するリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
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