RU2009143682A - Катализаторы скв: переходный металл/цеолит - Google Patents

Катализаторы скв: переходный металл/цеолит Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2009143682A
RU2009143682A RU2009143682/05A RU2009143682A RU2009143682A RU 2009143682 A RU2009143682 A RU 2009143682A RU 2009143682/05 A RU2009143682/05 A RU 2009143682/05A RU 2009143682 A RU2009143682 A RU 2009143682A RU 2009143682 A RU2009143682 A RU 2009143682A
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Russia
Prior art keywords
zeolite
catalyst
transition metal
nitrogen
group
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RU2009143682/05A
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English (en)
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RU2506989C2 (ru
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Пол Джозеф АНДЕРСЕН (US)
Пол Джозеф АНДЕРСЕН
Джилиан Элайн КОЛЬЕР (GB)
Джилиан Элайн КОЛЬЕР
Джон Леонелло КАСКИ (GB)
Джон Леонелло Каски
Хай-Ин ЧЕНЬ (US)
Хай-Ин ЧЕНЬ
Джозеф Майкл ФЕДЕЙКО (US)
Джозеф Майкл ФЕДЕЙКО
Родни Кок Шин ФУ (GB)
Родни Кок Шин ФУ
Радж Рао РАДЖАРАМ (GB)
Радж Рао РАДЖАРАМ
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Джонсон Мэттей Паблик Лимитед Компани (Gb)
Джонсон Мэттей Паблик Лимитед Компани
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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    • B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
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    • B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
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Abstract

1. Способ превращения оксидов азота в газе в азот путем контактирования оксидов азота с азотистым восстанавливающим агентом в присутствии цеолитного катализатора, содержащего, по меньшей мере, один переходный металл, где цеолит представляет собой цеолит с малыми порами, содержащий максимальное кольцо размером восемь тетраэдрических атомов, где, по меньшей мере, один переходный металл выбирают из группы, состоящей из Cr, Mn, Fe, Со, Се, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, In, Sn, Re, Ir и Pt. ! 2. Способ по п.1, где цеолит представляет собой изотип, содержащий один или более замещающих металлов в каркасе. ! 3. Способ по п.2, где данный или каждый замещающий металл в каркасе выбирают из группы, состоящей из As, В, Be, Co, Fe, Ga, Ge, Li, Mg, Mn, Zn и Zr. ! 4. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, где цеолит с малыми порами не является материалом структурного типа или любым изотипным цеолитом с кодом типа структуры LTA. ! 5. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, где цеолит с малыми порами, содержащий переходный металл, не является Се/эриоцитом. ! 6. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, где цеолит с малыми порами, содержащий переходный металл, не является Cu/шабазитом, Мо/шабазитом, Cu-Мо/шабазитом, Cu/эриоцитом, Мо/эриоцитом или Cu-Мо/эриоцитом. ! 7. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, где цеолит с малыми порами, содержащий переходный металл, не является Fe/шабазитом, Fe/ZK-5, Fe/ZK-4, Fe-редкоземельный элемент/шабазитом, Fe-редкоземельный элемент/ZK-5 или Fe-редкоземельный элемент/ZK-4. ! 8. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, где цеолит с малыми порами, содержащий переходный металл, не является Fe/шабазитом. ! 9. Способ по п.1, где цеолит с малыми порами выбирают из группы, состоящей из алюмосиликатных цеолитов, металлзамещенных алюмосиликатных цеолитов и алюм�

Claims (50)

1. Способ превращения оксидов азота в газе в азот путем контактирования оксидов азота с азотистым восстанавливающим агентом в присутствии цеолитного катализатора, содержащего, по меньшей мере, один переходный металл, где цеолит представляет собой цеолит с малыми порами, содержащий максимальное кольцо размером восемь тетраэдрических атомов, где, по меньшей мере, один переходный металл выбирают из группы, состоящей из Cr, Mn, Fe, Со, Се, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, In, Sn, Re, Ir и Pt.
2. Способ по п.1, где цеолит представляет собой изотип, содержащий один или более замещающих металлов в каркасе.
3. Способ по п.2, где данный или каждый замещающий металл в каркасе выбирают из группы, состоящей из As, В, Be, Co, Fe, Ga, Ge, Li, Mg, Mn, Zn и Zr.
4. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, где цеолит с малыми порами не является материалом структурного типа или любым изотипным цеолитом с кодом типа структуры LTA.
5. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, где цеолит с малыми порами, содержащий переходный металл, не является Се/эриоцитом.
6. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, где цеолит с малыми порами, содержащий переходный металл, не является Cu/шабазитом, Мо/шабазитом, Cu-Мо/шабазитом, Cu/эриоцитом, Мо/эриоцитом или Cu-Мо/эриоцитом.
7. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, где цеолит с малыми порами, содержащий переходный металл, не является Fe/шабазитом, Fe/ZK-5, Fe/ZK-4, Fe-редкоземельный элемент/шабазитом, Fe-редкоземельный элемент/ZK-5 или Fe-редкоземельный элемент/ZK-4.
8. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, где цеолит с малыми порами, содержащий переходный металл, не является Fe/шабазитом.
9. Способ по п.1, где цеолит с малыми порами выбирают из группы, состоящей из алюмосиликатных цеолитов, металлзамещенных алюмосиликатных цеолитов и алюмофосфатных цеолитов.
10. Способ по п.9, где один или каждый алюмофосфатный цеолит выбирают из группы, состоящей из AlPO-цеолитов, MeAlPO-цеолитов, SAPO-цеолитов и MeAPSO-цеолитов.
11. Способ по п.9, где цеолит с малыми порами выбирают из группы с кодами типа структуры, состоящей из: АСО, AEI, AEN, AFN, AFT, AFX, ANA, APC, APD, АТТ, CDO, СНА, DDR, DFT, EAB, EDI, EPI, ERI, GIS, GOO, IHW, ITE, ITW, LEV, KFI, МЕR, MON, NSI, OWE, PAU, PHI, RHO, RTH, SAT, SAV, SIV, THO, TSC, UEI, UFI, VNI, YUG и ZON.
12. Способ по п.11, где цеолит с малыми порами, содержащий максимальное кольцо размером восемь тетраэдрических атомов, выбирают из группы с кодами типа структуры, состоящей из СНА, LEV, ERI и DDR.
13. Способ по п.12, где цеолит с кодом типа структуры СНА представляет собой SAPO-34 или SSZ-13.
14. Способ по п.12, где цеолит с кодом типа структуры LEV представляет собой Nu-3.
15. Способ по п.12, где цеолит с кодом типа структуры ERI представляет собой ZSM-34.
16. Способ по п.12, где цеолит с кодом типа структуры DDR представляет собой Сигма-1.
17. Способ по п.9, где цеолит обрабатывают для улучшения гидротермической стабильности.
18. Способ по п.9, где размер пор цеолита, по меньшей мере, в одном измерении составляет менее чем 4,3 А.
19. Способ по п.9, где цеолит имеет трехмерную размерность.
20. Способ по п.9, где цеолит имеет двумерную размерность.
21. Способ по п.9, где, по меньшей мере, один переходный металл выбирают из группы, состоящей из Cr, Се, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni и Cu.
22. Способ по п.9, где, по меньшей мере, один переходный металл выбирают из группы, состоящей из Fe, Се и Cu.
23. Способ по п.9, где, по меньшей мере, один переходный металл представляет собой Fe и/или Cu.
24. Способ по п.9, где общее содержание, по меньшей мере, одного переходного металла, присутствующего в катализаторе, составляет от 0,01 до 20 мас.% в расчете на общую массу цеолитного катализатора.
25. Способ по п.9, где общее содержание, по меньшей мере, одного переходного металла, присутствующего в катализаторе, составляет от 0,1 до 10 мас.% в расчете на общую массу цеолитного катализатора.
26. Способ по п.25, где общее содержание, по меньшей мере, одного переходного металла, присутствующего в катализаторе, составляет от 0,5 до 5 мас.% в расчете на общую массу цеолитного катализатора.
27. Способ по п.9, где цеолитный катализатор состоит из Fe/CHA, в частности Fe/SAPO-34 или Fe/SSZ-13.
28. Способ по п.9, где цеолитный катализатор состоит из Cu/СНА, в частности Cu/SAPO-34 или Cu/SSZ-13.
29. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, где оксиды азота восстанавливают восстанавливающим агентом при температуре, по меньшей мере, 100°С.
30. Способ по п.29, где температура составляет около 150-750°С.
31. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, где восстановление оксидов азота осуществляют в присутствии кислорода.
32. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, где добавление азотистого восстановителя регулируют так, что NH3 на входе в цеолитный катализатор регулируют так, чтобы его содержание составляло 60-200% от теоретического аммиака, рассчитанного при 1:1 NH3/NO и 4:3 NH3/NO2.
33. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, где монооксид азота в газе окисляют в диоксид азота с использованием катализатора окисления, расположенного выше по потоку от цеолитного катализатора, и полученный газ затем смешивают с азотистым восстановителем перед тем, как смесь подают в цеолитный катализатор, где катализатор окисления приспособлен так, чтобы производить газовый поток, входящий в цеолитный катализатор, имеющий отношение NO к NO2 от около 4:1 до около 1:3 по объему.
34. Способ по п.9, где цеолит является синтетическим цеолитом.
35. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, где азотистый восстановитель представляет собой аммиак, как таковой, гидразин или предшественник аммиака, выбранный из группы, состоящей из мочевины ((NH2)2CO), карбоната аммония, карбамата аммония, гидрокарбоната аммония и формиата аммония.
36. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, где газ, содержащий оксиды азота, получают в процессе сгорания.
37. Способ по п.36, где процесс сгорания представляет собой сгорание топлива в автомобильном экономичном двигателе внутреннего сгорания.
38. Выхлопная система для автомобильного экономичного двигателя внутреннего сгорания, которая содержит трубопровод для переноса текущего выхлопного газа, источник азотистого восстановителя, цеолитный катализатор, содержащий, по меньшей мере, один переходный металл, размещенный по пути течения выхлопного газа, и средство для дозирования азотистого восстановителя в текущем выхлопном газе выше по потоку от цеолитного катализатора, где цеолитный катализатор представляет собой цеолит с малыми порами, содержащий максимальное кольцо размером восемь тетраэдрических атомов, где, по меньшей мере, один переходный металл выбран из группы, состоящей из Cr, Mn, Fe, Со, Се, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, In, Sn, Re, Ir и Pt.
39. Выхлопная система по п.38, где цеолитный катализатор нанесен на проточный субстрат.
40. Выхлопная система по п.38, содержащая средство, которое выполнено с возможностью при использовании контролировать средство дозирования так, что азотистый восстановитель подается дозировано в текущий выхлопной газ только тогда, когда установлено, что цеолитный катализатор способен катализировать восстановление NOx с желаемой или более высокой эффективностью.
41. Выхлопная система по п.40, где контрольное средство выполнено так, чтобы, при использовании, отвечать на получаемые сигналы, показывающие состояние двигателя, выбранные из группы, состоящей из: температуры выхлопного газа, температуры слоя катализатора, положения акселератора, массового потока выхлопного газа в системе, разрежения в коллекторе, установки угла опережения зажигания, скорости двигателя, величины лямбда выхлопного газа, количества топлива, впрыскиваемого в двигатель и положения клапана рециркуляции выхлопного газа (РВГ) и, тем самым, величины РВГ и давления наддува.
42. Выхлопная система по п.41, где контрольное средство выполнено с возможностью при использовании регулировать дозирование азотистого восстановителя в зависимости от количества оксидов азота, обнаруженного в выхлопном газе.
43. Выхлопная система по п.40, где контрольное средство выполнено с возможностью при использовании дозировать азотистый восстановитель в выхлопной газ так, что 60-200% от теоретического количества аммиака присутствует в выхлопном газе, входящем на цеолитный катализатор, рассчитанного при 1:1 NH3/NO и 4:3 NH3/NO2.
44. Выхлопная система по п.40, где контрольное средство содержит запрограммированный процессор.
45. Выхлопная система по любому из пп.38-44, где катализатор окисления для окисления моноксида азота до диоксида азота расположен выше по потоку от средства для дозирования азотистого восстановителя в текущий выхлопной газ.
46. Выхлопная система по п.45, где катализатор окисления содержит, по меньшей мере, один металл платиновой группы, предпочтительно содержит платину.
47. Выхлопная система по п.45, где катализатор, во время использования, приспособлен давать отношение NO к NO2 от около 4:1 до около 1:3 по объему при температуре выхлопного газа при входе на катализатор окисления от 150 до 750°С.
48. Выхлопная система по п.45, где фильтрующий субстрат расположен между катализатором окисления и цеолитным катализатором.
49. Аппарат, содержащий автомобильный экономичный двигатель и выхлопную систему по пп.38-48.
50. Аппарат по п.49, где двигатель представляет собой дизельный двигатель, экономичный бензиновый двигатель или двигатель, приводимый в движение сжиженным нефтяным газом или натуральным газом.
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RU2634899C2 (ru) * 2012-04-11 2017-11-08 Джонсон Мэтти Паблик Лимитед Компани Цеолитные катализаторы, содержащие металлы
US10245582B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2019-04-02 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Zeolite catalyst containing metals

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