JP2008289939A - 皮膚の性状の一時的変化に対する適応手段を備えた自動最適化形切開器 - Google Patents

皮膚の性状の一時的変化に対する適応手段を備えた自動最適化形切開器 Download PDF

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JP2008289939A
JP2008289939A JP2008230926A JP2008230926A JP2008289939A JP 2008289939 A JP2008289939 A JP 2008289939A JP 2008230926 A JP2008230926 A JP 2008230926A JP 2008230926 A JP2008230926 A JP 2008230926A JP 2008289939 A JP2008289939 A JP 2008289939A
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Don Alden
ドン アルデン
Dominique M Freeman
ドミニク エム フリーマン
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    • A61B5/150007Details
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    • A61B5/150053Details for enhanced collection of blood or interstitial fluid at the sample site, e.g. by applying compression, heat, vibration, ultrasound, suction or vacuum to tissue; for reduction of pain or discomfort; Skin piercing elements, e.g. blades, needles, lancets or canulas, with adjustable piercing speed
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B5/15Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15101Details
    • A61B5/15126Means for controlling the lancing movement, e.g. 2D- or 3D-shaped elements, tooth-shaped elements or sliding guides
    • A61B5/1513Means for controlling the lancing movement, e.g. 2D- or 3D-shaped elements, tooth-shaped elements or sliding guides comprising linear sliding guides

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Abstract

【課題】皮膚の性状の一時的変化に対する適応手段を備えた自動最適化形切開器具を提供する。
【解決手段】本発明によれば、切開器具であって、血液試料を得るために組織を切開する手段と、前記切開手段を駆動する手段と、所望の組織切開プロフィールをもたらすよう前記駆動手段を制御する手段とを有している、ことを特徴とする切開器具が提供される。
【選択図】図3

Description

分析のために皮膚を穿刺して血液を生じさせる切開器具が、医療用健康管理製品業界において知られている。血液試料の生化学的分析は、臨床的情報を判定する診断ツールである。多くの治療箇所検査(point-of-care test)は、毛細血管内の全血を用いて行われ、最も一般的には、糖尿病患者の血中グルコースレベルがモニタされる。この方法の他の用途としては、プロトロンビン時間測定に基づく凝固の分析が挙げられる。典型的には、この種の分析のための一滴の血液は、指先に小さな切開部を作り、小さな創傷を作ることによって得られ、かかる処置により、皮膚の表面上に血液の小滴が生じる。
初期の切開法では、皮膚を針又はかみそりで穿刺し又はスライスしていた。現在の方法では、多数のばね、カム及び物体のアクチュエータを含む切開器具が利用されている。これらとしては、ランセットを作動させるために用いられる片持ちばね、ダイヤフラム、コイルばね及び重力式振り玉が挙げられる。典型的には、切開器具はあらかじめ打ち金起こしされているか、又は、ユーザが切開器具を打ち金起こしする。切開器具は皮膚に当てられた状態で保持され、ユーザ又はユーザの皮膚からの圧力が、この切開器具はランセットのバリスチックランチ(ballistic launch)を機械的にトリガする。ランセットの前方運動及びランセットの皮膚穿通深さは、機械的ストップ及び(又は)制動手段並びにランセットを引っ込めるばね又はカムによって定められる。
現行の切開器具は、ランセットの穿通深さを制御するのに調節可能な機械的ストップ又は制動手段を利用している。かかる器具は、切断神経の振動による刺激に加えて駆動装置がランチャーストップの端部に当たったときのはね返りに起因し、多数回ぶつかる恐れがある。カムは、皮膚へのランセットの出入り速度を大まかに制御することができるが、皮膚の厚さ及び水和作用を補償することはできない。皮膚の厚さ及び水和作用のばらつきは、痛みの知覚があったかどうか、血液が産出されたかどうか及び切開器具の種々のユーザからの血液の採取に成功したかどうかにより種々の結果をもたらす場合がある。
本発明の実施形態は、医療用健康管理製品及び化学的分析のために体液を得る方法に関する。具体的に説明すると、本発明の実施形態は、ユーザにより特定可能なランセットパラメータ、例えば、ランセット変位、切開速度、後退、加速及び組織滞留時間を有する電気的に駆動されるランセットを用いて皮膚を穿刺する(切開する)器具及び方法に関する。本発明の特徴を持つ器具は、例えば糖尿病患者で生じる皮膚の生理学、神経の機能及び末梢血管の灌流の長期にわたる変化並びに皮膚の引張特性の日周期性変化を補償することができる。変形例として、本発明の特徴を持つ器具は、幅広い種々の年齢層、例えば小児の患者や老人の患者の皮膚の違いを補償することができる。
本発明の実施形態は、ランセット駆動装置を調整してこれが所定のプロフィールを辿るようにするための制御フィードバックと関連してランセットの位置をモニタすることによりランセットの前進後退を制御する切開器具に関する。
本発明の目的、利点及び特徴は、添付の図面と関連して以下の詳細な説明を読むと容易に理解できよう。
切開器具は一般に、体液試料を得る目的で皮膚に穿刺する自蔵式器具を意味するものとして定義される。切開器具は代表的には、使い捨てであったり全体又は一部が再使用可能であったりする。例えば、切開器具の中には、1回の使用後、バイオハザード(生物危害)として処分されるものがある。また切開器具の中には、皮膚と接触した部分のみ処分されるものもある。
ランセットは一般に、血管を切断し血液が皮膚の表面まで流れることができるようにする目的で皮膚を穿刺するのに用いられる先の尖った又は先の尖っていない部材を意味するものとして定義される。ランセットは、或る幾つかのパラメータ、例えば、部材の断面積を定める直径及び部材の遠位又は前方切開端部の形状を定める幾何学的形状を有している。
ランセット駆動装置は一般に、ランセットの前進後退を制御する手段を意味するものとして定義される。ランセット駆動装置の例としては、ばね作動式駆動装置、電磁式駆動装置及び圧電式駆動装置を挙げることができる。電磁式駆動装置の例としては、ソレノイド、リニア誘導モータ及びリニア磁気抵抗モータが挙げられる。
フィードバックループは一般に、ランセットの現在の挙動(例えば、相対的なランセットの位置、ランセットの運動の速度及び方向、ランセットの運動に対する抵抗等)についての情報が集められ、ランセットに投与される駆動力を調整するのに用いられるフィードバック制御ループを意味するものとして定義される。
プロセッサは一般に、記憶機能及び計算機能を有する高速ディジタルプロセッサを意味するものとして定義される。かかるプロセッサは、ランセット駆動装置を調整するために用いられる。調整は一般に、ランセットのプロフィールの制御を意味するものとして定義される。
プロフィールは一般に、速度又は加速度と時間の関係を表すプロット又は表を意味するものとして定義される。
代表的には、ランセット及びランセット駆動装置は、ランセット速度が皮膚との最初の接触の時点で高く、所定の穿通深さではゼロに減速し、そしてランセットが即座に皮膚から引っ込み、ランセットが刺入したのとほぼ同一の速度で引っ込むように構成されている。ランセットの作動に必要なエネルギは当初、例えば上述したようなアクチュエータ内に潜在的エネルギとして蓄えられている。切開サイクル中、貯蔵されたエネルギはランセットの運動エネルギに変換され、この運動エネルギは次に軌道の頂点のところで潜在的エネルギに変換され、そして後退機構によって即座に運動エネルギに戻される。作動及び後退速度は符号が互いに逆であるが実質的に同一である。ばね又はカム駆動法を利用する器具は、ランセットの前進後退について対称の作動変位及び速度プロフィールを有している。利用可能なランセット器具の大抵のものでは、発射をいったん開始すると、貯蔵エネルギは、エネルギが消散するまで速度プロフィールを決定する。圧電形切断方法も又説明するが、発射機構はばね駆動式であり、ランセットの運動を制御するフィードバックについては説明しない。皮膚特性のばらつきを考慮すると、組織内でのランセットの衝撃、後退速度及び滞留時間を制御することが必要である。
ランセットが皮膚の表面を穿刺しようとする際の皮膚の変形の量及び滞留時間に関し皮膚の水和作用に基づいて患者毎に皮膚の変形量が異なることに組織の滞留時間が関係していること及び血液の試料を首尾良く採取するには皮膚の深さについて少なくとも100ミクロンを達成しなければならないことを考慮することにより利点が得られる。
痛みの軽減は、提案したランセットの迅速なランセット切断速度と軽量の両方によって達成される。効率的な切断のために皮膚を圧迫することに加えて、迅速な切断により、ランセットが皮膚に当たる際に生じる衝撃波が最小限に抑えられる。ランセットが非常に軽量であること及び機械的ストップが設けられていないことにより、切断中、指に伝わる振動エネルギは殆ど無く又は0である。
切開器具、例えば、ばね及びカム駆動式装置は、血液の液滴を得る際の成功率が典型的には、70〜80%である。というのは、何回かの切開手技がうまくいかないからである。成功率は、血液の試料をもたらす毛細血管及び小静脈に達するかどうかで決まる。皮膚の厚さ及び水和作用のばらつきに起因して、或るタイプの皮膚は、切断が始まる前に変形し、それ故、実際の穿通深さが小さく、その結果、毛細血管及び小静脈の切断の度合いが小さくなる。電子式フィードバック機構は、皮膚抵抗の正確な測定値をもたらし、従って穿通深さを制御し、それ故、血液産出の成功率を直接向上させる。
自然な血液流出は、切断された血管からの血液が創傷路に沿って皮膚の表面まで上方に流れた場合に生じ、かかる皮膚表面のところで血液を集めて検査することができる。組織の弾性パラメータは、創傷路が引っ込み中のランセットの後を閉ざし、血液が表面に達するのを阻止する場合がある。しかしながら、ランセットを創傷路からゆっくりと引っ込め、創傷部を開存状態に維持すれば、血液は、本願と同日に出願され本願と同一の譲受人に譲渡された同時係属出願(事件番号:38187−2556、発明者:ベッカー等、発明の名称:METHOD AND APPRATUS FOR IMPROVING SUCCESS RATE OF BLOOD YIELD FROM A FINGERSTICK)に記載されているように、患者のチャネルに沿って上方へ流れる。かかる同時係属出願の開示内容全体を本明細書の一部を形成するものとしてここに引用する。
創傷へのランセットの出し入れの速度を制御できることは、それにより器具が皮膚の厚さの変化及び皮膚の水和作用のばらつきを補償して痛みを最小限に抑えた状態で最高の成功率で自然な血液産出を達成することができるので重要である。これは、所望の組織内滞留時間及び穿通深さを達成するために皮膚変形を考慮に入れることによって行われる。
したがって、穿通速度及び深さを制御できるようにするには、フィードバックが駆動制御の一体部分であるような作動機構が必要である。かかる駆動装置の一例は、本願と同日に出願され、本願と同一の譲受人に譲渡された同時係属出願(代理人事件番号38187−2551、発明者:ドン・アルベン等、発明の名称:ELECTRIC LANCET ACTUATOR)に記載されているような設計の電磁アクチュエータである。かかる同時係属出願の開示内容全体を本明細書の一部を形成するものとしてここに引用する。かかる駆動装置は、金属ランセット又はポリマーランセットの何れをも制御できる。かかる駆動装置の動的制御が、制御された変位プロフィールを示す図2A及び制御された速度プロフィールを示す図2Bに示されている。これらは、調和ばね質量系の変位プロフィール及び速度プロフィールをそれぞれ示す図1A及び図1Bと比較される。
したがって、切開サイクルにおいて数ステップでランセット変位、速度及び加速度を制御することが有利である。かかる制御により、試料として許容限度内の血液の量を得るうえでの成功率が高くなると共に自然な血液の試料を得る能力が高められ、しかも切開手技中における患者の知覚する痛みが軽減される。痛みの軽減は、ランセットを組織内へ素早く入れることにより達成される。ランセットが小静脈及び毛細血管メッシュと交差する箇所で組織中でのランセットの滞留時間を増大させてランセットの速度を減少させることにより、血液が溜まることができ、出口チャネル内への妨げられない流れが促進される。小静脈/毛細血管メッシュの切断に続きランセットを低速で後退させることにより、血液が創傷路に流入して表面まで自由に流れ、かくして、ランセットを用いて後退中チャネルを開存状態に保つ。創傷フラップの付近でランセットを低速で後退させることにより、創傷フラップはチャネルを封止しないようになる。かくして、ランセットの後退をゆっくりにするようにできれば、これは血液を得る成功率を高める直接的な一因になる。試料採取の成功率をほぼ100%に高めることは、試料採取と収集を一体形試料採取モジュール(例えば、グルコース検査ストリップを有する一体形グルコース試料採取モジュール)の状態に組み合わせるための必須の要件であると考えられる。
次に、本発明の例示の実施形態を参照する。第1の実施形態では、切開器具は、ランセット及びランセット駆動装置を有している。ランセット及びランセット駆動装置は、フィードバック制御がランセット変位、速度又は加速度に基づくように構成されている。実際のランセット経路に関するフィードバック制御情報は、プロセッサに戻され、プロセッサは、ランセット駆動装置へのエネルギを調整し、それによりランセットの前進後退全体にわたりランセットを正確に制御する。ランセット駆動装置を電流で駆動することができ、かかる電流は、直流及び交流を含む。図3は、直流(DC)電源を用いてランセット組立体に取り付けられた鉄心を駆動できる電磁式ランセット駆動装置を示している。ソレノイドは、ランセットの経路に沿って3つの別々のコイル、即ち、2つの端コイル及び中間コイルに分割されている。直流をコイルに印加してランセットを前進させたり後退させる。コイルは、鉄心をソレノイド内へ引き込むよう対をなして用いられる。駆動コイルのうちの1つをオンに切り換えると、これに対応して生じる隣のコイル中への誘導電流をモニタする。この誘導電流の強さは、鉄心によって得られる磁気結合の程度に関連しており、これを用いるとコアの位置を予測することができる。或る期間の経過後、駆動電圧をオフにすると、コイルを消勢でき、次にサイクルを繰り返す。コイル相互間の磁気結合の程度は、電子的に比例DC電圧に変換され、この比例DC電圧は、アナログ−ディジタル変換器に印加される。次に、ディジタル化された位置信号を処理し、中央処理装置(CPU)により所望の「通常」の位置と比較する。実際の位置と名目上の位置との誤差は、CPUによって用いられてソレノイドコイルへの次の出力パルスのレベル及び(又は)長さを設定する。
図3を参照すると、静止ハウジング40は、第1のコイル52が隣接のコイルから磁気透過性スペーサ50によって分離されたソレノイドを収容している。ハウジング40は、磁気透過性材料で作られており、磁気透過性スペーサは、第1のコイルの外部に取り付けられている。スペーサとハウジングは、コイルによって生じた磁界をスペーサの内周縁部相互間に集中させる磁気回路を形成する。同じことは、他のコイル、ハウジング及びこれらのスペーサの各々について当てはまる。内側案内管48は、ランセット42及び鉄心46をソレノイドコイル52から隔離している。ランセット42及び鉄心46は、ランセットガイド44によって心出しされている。電流を第1のコイル52、中間コイル(図示せず)及び第3のコイル(図示せず)相互間に単一に又は組合せ状態で交互に流すことによりランセット42を前進後退させて鉄心46を前進後退させる。ランセットガイド44も又、ランセット42に取り付けられた鉄心46のストップとして役立つ。
別の実施形態では、ソレノイドは、3つのコイルから成り、これら3つのコイルは、作動領域を包囲するよう駆動装置組立体に組み込まれた平衡形検出コイルが横付けされている中央駆動コイルから成り、作動領域は、中間ストロークのところで中間コイル上に心出しされている。電流パルスを中央コイルに印加すると、電圧が隣の検出コイル中に誘導される。検出コイルを互いに接続してこれらの誘導電圧が互いに逆であれば、結果的に得られる信号は、第1の方向において中間ストロークからの変位について正であり、他の方向について負であり、そして中間ストロークについてゼロであろう。この測定技術は一般に、線形可動差動変圧器(LVDT)に用いられている。ランセット位置は、少なくとも検出コイル相互間の電気的バランスを測定することにより決定される。
別の実施形態では、フィードバックループは、市販のLED(光トランスデューサモジュール、例えば、OPB703(テキサス州75006(972)323−2200キャロルトン・ウエスト・クロスビー・ロード1215所在のオプテク・テクノロジー・インコーポレイテッドによって製造されている)を用いて静止ハウジングに取り付けられた固定モジュールからランセット組立体に取り付けられた反射面又はターゲットまでの距離を測定する。LEDは、光ビームを反射面に送る光エミッタとして働き、この反射面は、光を反射して光トランスデューサに戻し、この光トランスデューサは、光センサとして役立つ。4mmの範囲を超える距離は、光トランスデューサにより反射光の強度を測定することにより求められる。
別の実施形態では、フィードバックループは、ランセットシャフトそれ自体に取り付けられた磁気透過性領域を線形可変差動変圧器(LVDT)のコアとして用いる。ランセットシャフトの一部を選択的に焼なましし又は隣り合う検出コイル相互間の結合を可能にするのに十分な磁気透過性を持つ部品、例えばフェライトをランセット組立体中に組み込むことにより透過性領域が作られる。コイルサイズ、巻線の本数、駆動電流、信号増幅度及び透過性領域に対する空隙は、設計ステップで特定される。
別の実施形態では、フィードバック制御は、高周波振動を基本変位プロフィール上に重ね合わせる圧電形駆動装置に給電する。圧電形駆動装置は、切断効率を向上させ、ランセットが「のこ引き」により組織中へ入ることができ、又はランセットの前進縁部の高い振動数により生じるキャビテーションエネルギで細胞を破壊することができるようにすることにより痛みを軽減する。圧電形駆動装置に対する駆動電力は、装置が標的組織と相互作用をする際にインピーダンスシャフトについてモニタされる。その結果得られた力の測定値は、ランセットの既知の質量と結合して用いられてランセットの加速度、速度及び位置を求める。
図4は、プロセッサを用いるフィードバックループの動作原理を示している。プロセッサ60は、持久記憶装置内にプロフィール62を格納している。ユーザは、切開イベントに関する所望の環境に関する情報64を入力する。プロセッサ60は、工場での試験を通じて決定された代表的な装置性能に基づいてプロセッサ60内にプログラムされている1組の択一的プロフィールからプロフィール62を選択する。プロセッサ60は、追加のユーザ入力情報64に基づいてプロフィールをスケール変更し又は修正することによりカスタマイズできる。プロセッサをいったん選択し、プロフィールをカスタマイズすると、プロセッサ60は、電源66から増幅器70を介してランセット駆動装置68に供給される電力を調整する準備ができている。プロセッサ60は、アナログ−ディジタル変換器76を介して位置検出機構74を用いてランセット72の存在場所を計測する。位置検出機構の例は、上述の実施形態において説明されている。プロセッサ60は、ランセットの実際のプロフィールと所定のプロフィールを比較することによりランセットの移動量を計算する。プロセッサ60は、信号発生器78を介してランセット駆動装置68に供給される電力を調整し、この信号発生器78は、増幅器70を制御してランセットの実際のプロフィールがあらかじめ設定された誤差限度分以上、所定のプロフィールを超えないようにする。誤差限度は、ランセットの制御における精度である。
発射イベント後、プロセッサ60により、ユーザは、切開イベントの結果をランク付けすることができる。プロセッサ60は、これら結果を記憶し、個々のユーザのデータベース80を構築する。データベース80を用いて、プロセッサ60は、プロフィール特質、例えば、痛みの無さの度合い、成功率及び種々のプロフィール62についての血液の量をユーザの入力情報64に応じて計算してプロフィールを個々のユーザに合わせて最適化して後で切開サイクルが行われるようにする。これらプロフィール特質は、ランセット前進後退の特徴的段階で決まる。プロセッサ60は、これらの計算結果を用いて各ユーザについてプロフィール62を最適化する。ユーザ入力情報64に加えて、内部クロックにより、例えば時刻のような情報のデータベース80中の記憶を可能にして切開イベント及び切開イベント相互間の時間についてタイムスタンプを発生させてユーザの仕事の要望を予測する。データベースは、各ユーザについての情報及び統計量及び特定のユーザが用いる各プロフィールを記憶している。
プロフィールを変化させることに加えて、プロセッサは、ユーザが必要とする血液の量を得るのに必要な適当なランセット直径及び幾何学的形状を計算する。例えば、ユーザが1〜5マイクロリットルの量の血液を必要とする場合、プロセッサは、これら結果を達成するために200マイクロメートルのランセット直径を選択する。ランセットの各クラスに関し、直径とランセット先端部の幾何学的形状の両方はプロセッサ内に記憶されて所定の変位及び速度プロフィールに基づいて達成可能な血液の量の上限及び下限と一致するようにする。
切開器具は、ユーザが切開イベントの開始時及び終了時における情報が得られるよう促すことができ、それにより一層適切にユーザに合わせることができる。その目的は、異なるプロフィールに変化させること又は既存のプロフィールを修正することにある。いったんプロフィールを設定すると、ランセットを駆動する力は、前進後退中に変えられてプロフィールに従うようになる。切開器具を用いる切開方法は、プロフィールを選択するステップと、切開するステップと、切開サイクルの各特徴的段階について切開プロフィール特質を決定するステップ及び後で行われる切開イベントに合わせて最適化するステップとから成る。
図5は、力と時間の関係を表すグラフでランセットの前進後退の特徴的段階を示しており、このグラフは、所望の変位及び速度プロフィールを達成するためにランセット駆動装置によりランセットに加えられる力を示している。特徴的段階は、ランセットを皮膚中に長手方向に前進させるランセット導入ステップA−C、ランセットがその長手方向運動を終えてその最大深さに達し、比較的静止状態になるランセット休止ステップD、ランセットを長手方向に後退させ又は引っ込めて皮膚から抜去するランセット後退又は引込みステップE−Gである。ランセット後退ステップE−Gの持続時間は、ランセット導入ステップA−Cの持続時間よりも長く、このランセット導入ステップは、ランセット休止ステップDの持続時間よりも長い。
導入ステップは、ランセットが空気を通って皮膚に向かって長手方向に動いているときの、Aに先立つランセット発射ステップ、ランセットの遠位端部が皮膚に最初に接触したときの、Aの始めの組織接触ステップ、皮膚が水和作用及び厚さと関連付けられたその弾性に応じて曲がったときの皮膚変形ステップA、及びランセットが皮膚上の変曲点に当たり、皮膚を切断し始めるときB及びランセットが皮膚を切断し続けるときCから成る組織切開ステップを更に有している。ランセット休止ステップDは、皮膚中へのランセットの穿通限度である。痛みは、ランセット導入ステップA−Cの持続時間を最小限に抑えてユーザ毎にばらつきのある皮膚変形ステップA及び変曲点切断時Bの持続時間にもかかわらず、或る穿通深さまで迅速な切開部が生じるようにすることにより軽減される。成功率を高めるには、変曲点切断時Bからランセット休止ステップD中の穿通限度までの正確な穿通深さを測定する。この測定により、ランセットは常時又は少なくとも高信頼度で毛細血管床に当たりこれら毛細結果床は皮膚の表面の下の既知の距離である。
ランセット後退ステップは、皮膚がランセットを創傷路から押し出す一次後退ステップE、ランセットが離脱状態になり始めて皮膚の反対方向に引く二次後退ステップF、及びランセットが皮膚から自由になり始めるランセット退出ステップGを更に有している。一次後退は、ランセットが指から引き離れるときにランセットを皮膚から引き出す漸減力を及ぼした結果である。二次後退は、ランセットを離脱させるために反対方向に力を及ぼした結果である。制御は、血液が創傷路に沿ってこれを上方に流れるときに創傷路を開存状態に保つのに必要である。血液の量は、一様な速度を用いて一次後退ステップE又は二次後退ステップFに必要な力とは無関係にランセット後退ステップE−Gの間、ランセットを後退させることによって増大し、一次後退ステップと二次後退ステップの何れも、ユーザの皮膚の特性に応じてユーザ毎にばらつきのある場合がある。
当業者であれば、開示した本発明の説明及び作用に鑑みて本発明の他の実施形態を想到できよう。上記説明及び実施形態は例示として解されるべきであり、本発明の真の範囲及び精神は、特許請求の範囲の記載に基づいて定められる。
調和ばね質量系及び制御ランセットの変位の経時的プロフィールを示す図である。 調和ばね質量系及び制御ランセットの速度経時プロフィールを示す図である。 調和ばね質量系及び制御ランセットの変位の経時的プロフィールを示す図である。 調和ばね質量系及び制御ランセットの速度経時プロフィールを示す図である。 ランセットを駆動する電磁アクチュエータを用いる制御アクチュエータを示す図である。 制御フィードバックループを示すフローチャートである。 ランセットの前進後退中における力と時間の関係を表すグラフ図であり、切開サイクルの特徴的段階を示す図である。

Claims (1)

  1. 切開器具であって、
    血液試料を得るために組織を切開する手段と、
    前記切開手段を駆動する手段と、
    所望の組織切開プロフィールをもたらすよう前記駆動手段を制御する手段とを有している、
    ことを特徴とする切開器具。
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CA2448902C (en) 2010-09-07
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