CN2705119Y - 壳体自锁型一次性安全自动采血针 - Google Patents

壳体自锁型一次性安全自动采血针 Download PDF

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CN2705119Y
CN2705119Y CNU2004200263687U CN200420026368U CN2705119Y CN 2705119 Y CN2705119 Y CN 2705119Y CN U2004200263687 U CNU2004200263687 U CN U2004200263687U CN 200420026368 U CN200420026368 U CN 200420026368U CN 2705119 Y CN2705119 Y CN 2705119Y
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施国平
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15142—Devices intended for single use, i.e. disposable
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150015—Source of blood
    • A61B5/150022—Source of blood for capillary blood or interstitial fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150381—Design of piercing elements
    • A61B5/150412—Pointed piercing elements, e.g. needles, lancets for piercing the skin
    • A61B5/150435—Specific design of proximal end
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150534—Design of protective means for piercing elements for preventing accidental needle sticks, e.g. shields, caps, protectors, axially extensible sleeves, pivotable protective sleeves
    • A61B5/150541—Breakable protectors, e.g. caps, shields or sleeves, i.e. protectors separated destructively, e.g. by breaking a connecting area
    • A61B5/150564—Protectors removed by pulling or pushing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150885—Preventing re-use
    • A61B5/150916—Preventing re-use by blocking components, e.g. piston, driving device or fluid passageway
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15101—Details
    • A61B5/15103—Piercing procedure
    • A61B5/15107—Piercing being assisted by a triggering mechanism
    • A61B5/15113—Manually triggered, i.e. the triggering requires a deliberate action by the user such as pressing a drive button
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15101—Details
    • A61B5/15115—Driving means for propelling the piercing element to pierce the skin, e.g. comprising mechanisms based on shape memory alloys, magnetism, solenoids, piezoelectric effect, biased elements, resilient elements, vacuum or compressed fluids
    • A61B5/15117—Driving means for propelling the piercing element to pierce the skin, e.g. comprising mechanisms based on shape memory alloys, magnetism, solenoids, piezoelectric effect, biased elements, resilient elements, vacuum or compressed fluids comprising biased elements, resilient elements or a spring, e.g. a helical spring, leaf spring, or elastic strap
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15101—Details
    • A61B5/15126—Means for controlling the lancing movement, e.g. 2D- or 3D-shaped elements, tooth-shaped elements or sliding guides
    • A61B5/1513—Means for controlling the lancing movement, e.g. 2D- or 3D-shaped elements, tooth-shaped elements or sliding guides comprising linear sliding guides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15142—Devices intended for single use, i.e. disposable
    • A61B5/15144—Devices intended for single use, i.e. disposable comprising driving means, e.g. a spring, for retracting the piercing unit into the housing

Abstract

一种壳体自锁型一次性安全自动采血针，包括壳体、针芯以及弹簧，壳体构成一个带出针孔的弹射腔，针芯设在弹射腔内，并由弹簧和卡射结构构成弹射结构，其特征在于：按击发射结构设在壳体上，自锁结构由按击发射结构上所设的倒钩与壳体上对应该倒钩所设的自锁钩或自锁口配合构成，自锁钩或自锁口位于倒钩前向的运动轨迹上。当按下按击发射结构时，该结构触发卡射结构，使针芯与壳体之间脱钩，于是弹簧推动针芯射击。同时，由于按击发射结构运动，使倒钩在向前运动中超过自锁钩或自锁口，因此在回弹过程中，倒钩锁在自锁钩或自锁口位置，无法恢复到原始状态，致使卡射结构失效，不可再次利用。

Description

壳体自锁型一次性安全自动采血针
技术领域
本实用新型涉及医用一次性安全自动采血针，具体涉及壳体自锁型一次性安全自动采血针。该采血针发射后利用壳体与按钮之间的配合将按钮锁定，使采血针进入一种自锁状态，从而达到不可重复使用的目的。
背景技术
一次性发射的“迷你型”安全自动采血针是当今采血针器件发展的一种趋势。为了实现“一次发射，不可再用”目的，这类采血针内部设计有一种一次性使用的自锁型结构，该结构在采血针发射后立即产生自锁效果，使卡射结构自动失效，从而排除了采血针再次使用的可能性，彻底根除了以往采血针遗留的安全隐患。目前，从自锁结构来看有两种：
第一种是针芯与壳体配合的自锁结构，即在针芯与壳体上分别设计一种特殊的结构，利用这种结构的相互配合在采血针发射后产生自锁效果。比如，本申请人曾于2001年7月30日向国家知识产权局专利局申请过一件名称为《一种新型卡射结构的一次性安全自动采血针》，专利号为01245140.1的实用新型专利(于2002年4月17日授权)。该专利在针芯上斜设弹性臂C，在在外壳上设止动口，当采血针发射后，弹性臂C随针芯在回程中落入止动口中形成自锁。
第二种是针芯自锁结构，即自锁结构完全设在针芯上，利用这种结构在采血针发射后产生自锁效果。比如，本申请人于2004年3月25日向国家知识产权局专利局申请的一件名称为《针芯自锁型一次性安全自动采血针》，专利申请号为200420025752.5的实用新型专利申请案。该方案在针芯侧部设弹性臂，对应弹性臂末端设自锁钩，按击发射时弹性臂在外力作用下向内折弯，并迫使末端越过钩体最终卡在自锁钩上形成自锁。以上两种类型的自锁结构，从结构、特点和效果上各有利弊。
本实用新型的目的是：按照上述“一次发射，不可再用”的原则，设计一种新的壳体自锁型一次性安全自动采血针，在该采血针结构中自锁结构完全由壳体上所设的结构来实现，这种结构属于自锁结构的第三种类型，即壳体自锁型。
发明内容
为达到上述目的，本实用新型采用的技术方案是：一种壳体自锁型一次性安全自动采血针，包括壳体、针芯以及弹簧，壳体构成一个带出针孔的弹射腔，针芯设在弹射腔内，并由弹簧和卡射结构构成弹射结构，按击发射结构设在壳体上，自锁结构由按击发射结构上所设的倒钩与壳体上对应该倒钩所设的自锁钩或自锁口配合构成，自锁钩或自锁口位于倒钩前方的运动轨迹上。
上述技术方案中的有关内容和变化解释如下：
1、上述方案中，所述自锁结构有两种形式，第一种是侧按钮型，第二种是端按钮型。
2、针对侧按钮型来说，所述按击发射结构为采血针侧部的发射按钮，该按钮安装在壳体上或由壳体侧向的一个延伸臂形成，倒钩设在按钮上，自锁钩或自锁口设在壳体的对应位置上。
 3、针对端按钮型来说，所述按击发射结构为采血针端部的一滑套，该滑套作为壳体一部分与壳体的另一部分滑动连接，倒钩设在滑套上，自锁钩或自锁口设在壳体的对应位置上。
实用新型工作原理是：当按下按击发射结构时，该结构触发卡射结构，使针芯与壳体之间脱钩，于是弹簧推动针芯射击。同时，由于按击发射结构运动，使倒钩在向前运动中超过自锁钩或自锁口，因此在回弹过程中，倒钩锁在自锁钩或自锁口位置，无法恢复到原始状态，以致于使卡射结构失效，不可再次利用。
由于上述技术方案运用，本方案与现有技术相比具有下列优点和效果：
1、本实用新型采血针中的自锁结构是一种创新，它完全依靠壳体的结构变化来实现自锁功能，因此，相比之下本方案的结构更加简单，工作更加可靠。
2、本实用新型自锁结构在工作中的次序是；先进入自锁状态，然后再进入发射状态。而现有针芯与壳体配合的自锁结构是先发射，然后再自锁，因此相比之下本实用新型更能体现“一次发射，不可再用”的设计原则。
3、本实用新型构思独特，结构新颖，与现有自锁结构相比结构简单巧妙，具有显著地技术进步和非显而易见性，充分体现了本方案与以往公知技术的区别和个性。
4、本实用新型使用方便，操作简单。
5、本实用新型使用后针尖自动缩回壳体内，不会外露，确保了采血针使用后的安全性。
附图说明
附图1为本实用新型实施例一结构剖视图(使用前状态装配)；
附图2为本实用新型实施例一结构剖视图(推进针芯处于锁定状态)；
附图3为本实用新型实施例一结构剖视图(拔出针帽处于待发射状态)；
附图4为本实用新型实施例一结构剖视图(弹射状态)；
附图5为本实用新型实施例一结构剖视图(使用后状态)；
附图6为本实用新型实施例一自锁结构局部示意图(针芯未锁定前状态)；
附图7为图6的B-B剖视图；
附图8为本实用新型实施例一自锁结构局部示意图(待发射状态)；
附图9为图8的A-A剖视图；
附图10为本实用新型实施例二结构示意图。
以上附图中：1、壳体；2、针芯；3、弹簧；4、弹射腔；5、出针孔；6、长柄针帽；7、凸台；8、针尖；9、卡片；10、卡槽；11、凸环；12、A弹性臂；13、B弹性臂；14、卡口；15、倒钩；16、自锁钩；17、滑套；18、斜面；19、弹性卡；20、上套。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本实用新型作进一步描述：
实施例一：参见附图1～图5所示，一种侧按击型壳体自锁一次性安全自动采血针，由壳体1、针芯2、柄套6和弹簧3组成。
壳体1分成上下两部分，两部分通过接触面上所设的孔、销结构连接成整体结构。壳体1中设有一个弹射腔4，针芯2和弹簧3置于弹射腔4，弹簧3位于针芯2后方，弹簧3的头部卡在针芯2尾部的卡槽10中，弹簧3的尾部卡在壳体1的卡片9上，以此在弹射方向上连接成弹性滑动结构。壳体1的一端设有与弹射方向一致的出针孔5。针芯2头部设有一个圆柱形凸台7，针尖8从凸台7中央伸出，凸台7的周向设有凸环11。长柄针帽6为杆件结构，前端设有深孔，后端尾翼，长柄针帽6的前部穿过出针孔5套在凸台7上，凸环11与深孔配合可以防止长柄针帽6随意退出。
针芯2与壳体1侧向之间在弹簧压缩路径上设有卡射结构和自锁结构。
参见图6～图9所示，卡射结构由从壳体1上延伸出的A弹性臂12、B弹性臂13和设在针芯2上的卡口14组成，A弹性臂12与卡口14位于壳体1的底侧，A弹性臂12向弹射腔4内倾斜，其悬臂端与卡口14配合构成锁定结构；B弹性臂13作为发射按钮位于壳体1的顶侧，B弹性臂13上的中段作为揿压部位突出壳体1外表面，延伸段呈“∩”形分支，针芯2位于两分支之间的开口中，两分支从壳体1上所开的孔中伸入并横穿弹射腔4，其末端接近或接触A弹性臂12的悬臂端。
自锁结构由“∩”形分支两外侧所设的倒钩15与壳体1内壁对应位置所设的自锁钩16构成，自锁钩16位于倒钩15前方的运动轨迹上。为了在未发射状态下实现对自锁结构的保护，针芯2对应“∩”形分支的部位在横向有两种宽度，一种是锁定前，其宽度与壳体内壁两侧形成的间隙＜分支插入宽度，另一种是锁定后，其宽度与壳体内壁两侧形成的间隙≥分支插入宽度。这样在卡口14锁定在A弹性臂12悬臂端之前，由于针芯2截面的横向宽度较宽(截面为长方形，见图7)，既使按压B弹性臂13“∩”形分支也无法穿过两侧间隙，从而起到了保护作用。当推压长柄针帽6后，使针芯2进入锁定状态，此时，由于针芯2截面的横向宽度变窄(截面为锥形，见图9)，两侧间隙变大，如果按下B弹性臂13“∩”形分支可插入间隙，最终作用于A弹性臂12的悬臂端，使卡口14与A弹性臂12的悬臂端脱钩。
实施例二：参见附图10所示，一种端按击型壳体自锁一次性安全自动采血针，由壳体、针芯2、长柄针帽6和弹簧3组成。壳体由滑套17与上套20构成，针芯2的侧部设有弹性卡19，推压长柄针帽6，针芯2压缩弹簧3，同时弹性卡19卡在滑套17端部构成锁定。所述自锁结构由倒钩15和自锁钩16构成，倒钩15设在滑套17上，自锁钩16设在上套20上。
使用时，拔掉长柄针帽6，然后手持采血针上套20，将出针孔对准采血部位按压，此时滑套17在外力推动下沿上套20内腔上滑，斜面18迫使弹性卡19与滑套17脱扣，弹簧3推动针芯2沿导向槽射击，针尖射出出针孔刺在采血部位。同时，由于滑套17在上套20内腔上滑，使倒钩15与自锁钩16锁扣，因此滑套17相对上套20无法滑动而自动失效。
上述实施例只为说明本实用新型的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本实用新型的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本实用新型的保护范围。凡根据本实用新型精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本实用新型的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1、一种壳体自锁型一次性安全自动采血针，包括壳体、针芯以及弹簧，壳体构成一个带出针孔的弹射腔，针芯设在弹射腔内，并由弹簧和卡射结构构成弹射结构，其特征在于：按击发射结构设在壳体上，自锁结构由按击发射结构上所设的倒钩与壳体上对应该倒钩所设的自锁钩或自锁口配合构成，自锁钩或自锁口位于倒钩前方的运动轨迹上。
2、根据权利要求1所述的采血针，其特征在于：所述按击发射结构为采血针侧部的发射按钮，该按钮安装在壳体上或由壳体侧向的一个延伸臂形成，倒钩设在按钮上，自锁钩或自锁口设在壳体的对应位置上。
3、根据权利要求2所述的采血针，其特征在于：所述卡射结构由从壳体上延伸出的A弹性臂、B弹性臂和设在采血针上的卡口组成，A弹性臂与卡口位于壳体的同一侧，A弹性臂向弹射腔内倾斜，其悬臂端与卡口配合构成锁定结构；B弹性臂作为发射按钮位于壳体的另一侧，并通过横穿弹射腔的延伸段接近或接触A弹性臂的悬臂端；倒钩设在延伸段上，自锁钩或自锁口设在壳体内壁上。
4、根据权利要求3所述的采血针，其特征在于：所述B弹性臂延伸段呈“∩”形分支，针芯位于两分支之间的开口中，两分支的末端接近或接触A弹性臂的悬臂端；倒钩分别设在两分支的外侧，自锁钩或自锁口分别设在壳体内壁的对应位置上。
5、根据权利要求4所述的采血针，其特征在于：所述针芯前设有长柄针帽，针帽套在针芯前部，长柄从出针孔伸出；针芯对应“∩”形分支的部位在横向有两种宽度，一种是锁定前，其宽度与壳体内壁两侧形成的间隙＜分支插入宽度，另一种是锁定后，其宽度与壳体内壁两侧形成的间隙≥分支插入宽度。
6、根据权利要求1所述的采血针，其特征在于：所述按击发射结构为采血针端部的一滑套，该滑套作为壳体一部分与壳体的另一部分滑动连接，倒钩设在滑套上，自锁钩或自锁口设在壳体的对应位置上。
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