JP2007537784A - 副鼻腔炎および耳、鼻、および/または、喉の各種疾病を診断および治療する装置、システム、および、その方法 - Google Patents
副鼻腔炎および耳、鼻、および/または、喉の各種疾病を診断および治療する装置、システム、および、その方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】多くの場合、剛性シャフトを設けた器具を使用するのとは対照的に、可撓性のカテーテルを使用する。画像化調査、粘液流調査、空気流/気体流調査、解剖学的寸法調査、内視鏡調査、および、透視調査を実施するのに、多様な診断装置と診断装置が使用される。接近閉塞装置を使って、前後いずれかの鼻腔/鼻咽頭に流体封鎖シールを確立し、作業装置を容易に挿入することができるようにする。作業装置の具体例としては、例えば、視認用機器、ガイドワイヤ、カテーテル、組織切除装置または組織改造装置、電気外科手術装置、エネルギー発射装置、診断薬または治療薬を注入する装置、ステントのような装置を移植する装置、物質溶離装置、物質搬送移植片などが挙げられる。
【選択図】図8C
Description
鼻ポリープは、鼻または副鼻腔の内層から成長する良性腫塊である。鼻ポリープは慢性アレルギー性鼻炎、または、鼻粘膜のアレルギー性鼻炎以外の慢性的炎症が原因で生じることが多い。鼻ポリープはまた、膵嚢胞性線維症に罹患している子供にはよく見られる。鼻ポリープが発達して、副鼻腔からの正常な排液を遮るまでになった場合には、副鼻腔炎を引き起こす恐れがある。
「副鼻腔炎」という語は、一般に、副鼻腔の炎症または感染症を意味する。副鼻腔炎はバクテリア、ウイルス、菌類(カビ)、アレルギー、または、これらの組合せが原因で起こることがある。慢性副鼻腔炎(例えば、3ヶ月程度以上も継続する)の結果として、米国では年間の病医院診療件数が1800万ないし2200万件と推定されている。
・ 頭痛または顔面痛
・ 鼻腔鬱血または後鼻漏
・ 一方または両方の鼻孔の呼吸困難
・ 口臭
・ 上顎の歯痛
鼻洞は、一連の空洞が通路でつながり、最終的には鼻腔へと通じているものから構成されている。前述のとおり、このような通路と空洞は骨でできているが、粘膜で被覆されている。このような通路のうちの1つの粘膜が何らかの理由で炎症を起こすと、通路を通して排液をしている空洞は遮断状態となる。粘液がこのように滞留するのは周期的である場合もあれば(その結果、痛みの症状が発現する)、慢性的である場合もある。慢性的に遮断された通路は感染症の治療対象となる。最終的に、鼻洞の諸症候の持続期間と酷さを物語るのは、骨性通路の広がりと、その上に位置する粘膜の厚みと、その慢性状態である。従って、鼻洞治療の主たる目標は通路であり、主たる達成目標点は排液を再開することである。CTではこのような空間的問題を明らかにすることができないことが多く、とりわけ、患者が目下のところ酷い症候を見せていない場合には、そのことが言える。よって、興味のある刺激に反応して、正常な状態にある鼻洞通路をダイナミックに評価する必要がある。本件で提案されているように、鼻洞疾患およびそのダイナミックな成分を査定することができるのであれば、副鼻腔炎の治療を目標に決めて、より集中的かつ観血を最小限に押さえた様式で患者治療にあたることができるかもしれない。このように通路に注目して、可撓性に富む器具を使用することで、鼻洞介在処置に全く新しい取組みを提案することができるが、すなわち、可撓性に富むカテーテルおよびガイド器具を利用し、それらを、周囲組織に対して最小限の損傷で搬送することのできる通路および空洞の修正装置と併用するという取組みである。
鼻中隔は、鼻の一方側を他方側と分割する軟骨性の解剖学的構造である。通例、この鼻中隔は比較的真っ直ぐである。偏向鼻中隔は、隔壁を形成している軟骨が以上に湾曲または屈曲している状態である。偏向した鼻中隔は鼻をかむと発生することがあり、或いは、場合によっては、鼻に外傷が生じた結果として発生することがある。偏向鼻中隔は適切な呼吸を妨害し、鼻汁の正常な排液の障害となることがあり、特に、アレルギー、鬱血緩和剤の濫用などが原因で鼻介骨が膨張または拡張している患者についてはありがちである。鼻洞の排液がこのように阻害されることで、患者は鼻洞感染症に罹りやすくなる。
内視鏡外科手術を含む多様な外科手術技術を利用して、下位鼻介骨が慢性的に拡張しているせいで正常な呼吸や副鼻腔からの正常な排液が阻害されている患者の下位鼻介骨の削減および/または除去をすることは既に実施されている。通例、下位鼻介骨の慢性的拡張はアレルギーや慢性的炎症の結果である。下位鼻介骨の肥大は、鼻介骨の柔組織を押しやり、または、そこに衝突する偏向鼻中隔を患っている患者にとっては特に問題となる。従って、偏向鼻中隔を真っ直ぐにするための鼻中隔形成術は、しばしば、下位鼻介骨の削減と同時に実施される。
大抵のポリープは良性であるが、転位乳頭腫として周知の鼻ポリープの一形態は悪性腫瘍として発生することがある。鼻の両側に発生するのが通例である大抵の良性ポリープとは異なり、転位乳頭腫は一方側だけに見られるのが普通である。従って、片側のみのポリープが見られるような場合は、生検に付して悪性であるか否かを判定するのが普通である。転位乳頭腫は、悪性になる前に見つかって完全に除去されてしまえば、通例は再発することがない。しかし、これまでのところ利用できた技術を利用した場合、長期に亘る術後追跡調査でポリープの再生が見られない限り、また、ポリープ再生が見つかるまでは、乳頭腫が完全に除去されたか否かを判定することが難しい場合があった。
顔面の骨折の最もありふれた原因は自動車事故であるが、顔面骨折はまた、スポーツ傷害、産業事故、落下、暴行、銃撃による負傷などを原因とすることが多い。顔面骨折の或るものは、鼻腔または副鼻腔の内部から接近できる骨に関与している。注目すべきことに、鼻は顔の中で突出した位置にあるため、顔面構造部の中でも最も負傷しやすい部位である。従って、鼻の骨折は(その結果として偏向鼻中隔を伴う場合も、伴わない場合も)稀有なことではない。眼窩床および/または篩骨洞や前頭洞の骨折などの、上記以外の顔面骨折も鼻または鼻洞の内側から接近できる。よくあるタイプの眼窩床骨折が「破裂」骨折であり、これは通例、目に加えられた鈍い外傷が原因であり、力が下向きに伝達されて、眼窩床を形成している比較的薄い骨が下方向に砕けるというものである。これにより、眼窩周辺組織は上顎洞の中に脱漏し、しばしば、下方向に延びて上顎洞に入り込む、骨の「捕獲穴」を作ってしまうこともある。
<<機能的内視鏡鼻洞外科手術>>
慢性副鼻腔炎のもっともありふれた矯正外科手術は機能的内視鏡鼻腔外科手術(FESS)である。FESSでは、内視鏡が鼻に挿入され、内視鏡を介して視認しながら、医者は罹患組織または罹患骨、または、肥大組織または肥厚骨を除去し、鼻腔の小口を拡大して、鼻腔の正常な排液を回復させる。FESS処置は副鼻腔炎の治療と腫瘍除去、ポリープ除去、および、それ以外の異常増殖の除去に効果を有する。上記以外の内視鏡による鼻腔内処置を採用して、脳下垂体腫瘍を除去し、グレーヴズ病(すなわち、甲状腺亢進症の合併症で、眼球の突出を生じる)の治療、および、鼻に脳脊髄液が漏出する(すなわち、脳脊髄液鼻漏)稀有な症状の外科手術による修復を図っている。
前頭洞の炎症は、同部位の狭い解剖学的形状のせいで、それ以外の副鼻腔各部の炎症を外科手術および/または医学的治療が解消した後ですら、特に持続する恐れがある。前頭洞の炎症が宿存する場合、中隔横断前頭洞切開術として周知の外科手術、または、修正ロスロップ処置がしばしば実施される。この処置では、医者は鼻中隔の一部や洞と洞の間の骨隔壁を除去し、1つの大きな共通排液路を形成することで、前頭洞の排液を鼻に流すよう図る。この複雑な処置は、何か他の、耳、鼻、喉の外科手術処置と同様に、頭蓋を刺し通して脳脊髄液(CSF)を漏出させてしまう危険を担う恐れがある。また、或る鼻腔外科手術は、それ以外の耳、鼻、喉の処置手順と同様に、視神経、眼球、脳に近接して実施されるため、そのような構造体に損傷を生じる恐れがある。そのような厄介な合併症や損傷の潜在的可能性を最小限に抑えるために、画像支援外科手術システムを利用して、複雑な頭部および頚部の処置を実施してきた。画像支援外科手術では、統合的解剖学情報が術前に取得されたCTスキャン画像またはそれ以外の解剖学的マッピングデータにより供給される。術前CTスキャンまたはそれ以外の解剖学的マッピング処置に由来するデータはコンピュータに読み込まれ、ローカライザとして周知の特殊センサーが外科手術器具に装着される。斯様にして、コンピュータを使用し、ローカライザ装備の外科手術器具の各々がどの点にあっても、その厳密な位置を適時に医者は確認することができる。この情報は、標準内視鏡により行われた目視観察記録と連動させられて、医者が外科手術器具を注意深く設置して、CSF漏出を生じるのを防止し、神経またはその他の重要な構造体に損傷を与えるのを回避するのを助ける。
FESSは今も尚、酷い副鼻腔炎の一等級治療であるが、いくつかの欠点がある。患者が処置に付随する術後の痛みや出血を訴えることが多く、多数の外科手術を受けた後でさえ、相当な患者集団が依然として症候が残ったままである。FESSは極めて深刻な事例(CTスキャンで異常が確認されているもの等のような)についてのみの選択肢であると考えられているので、処方された治療薬に我慢ができずに外科手術を志願したいと考えるている患者はかなり大勢存在する。更に、副鼻腔炎を査定する方法論が主として静止測定(CT、MRI)であるため、症候が慢性的ではない患者は、実際に潜伏する瑣末要因が重要な役割を演じる場合には、クスリ治療を提供されるだけである場合が多い。これまで、このような患者に提供される瑣末治療というものは存在せず、薬剤治療を見限っても、それ以外に取るべき道は明確ではない。これにより、救済を必要とするかなりの数の患者がステロイド服用を望まない、または、その服用に懸念を抱いたままであるが、外科手術を施すのに適格といえるほどの重病でもない。
鼻介骨の下に位置する骨を改造する必要が無い場合には、医者は鼻介骨内(または、その上)の凝血異常部を生じさせるように、延いては、鼻介骨の柔組織を収縮させるように設計されたレーザ処置または高周波処置を実施することを選ぶことがある。また、場合によっては、プラズマ発生装置ワンドを利用して、鼻介骨に隣接して高エネルギープラズマを生じさせ、鼻介骨の寸法を削減させることもある。
鼻腔 NC
鼻咽頭 NP
上位鼻介骨 ST
中位鼻介骨 MT
下位鼻介骨 IT
前頭洞 FS
篩骨洞 ES
蝶形骨洞 SS
蝶形骨洞小口 SSO
上顎洞 MS
本発明の処置の大半は、鼻、鼻咽頭、中耳、または、副鼻腔の内部に1本以上の可撓性カテーテルまたはそれ以外の可撓性の細長い作業装置(その具体例は、図5Aから図5Y'''''に例示されており、後段で説明される)を挿入して設置することを要件としている。このようなカテーテルおよび/またはそれ以外の細長い作業装置を容易に挿入できるようにして適切に設置するために、また、血液または堆積物が手術部位から排出されるという望ましくない出来事を防止するために、本発明は、多数の異なる閉塞部材および/または接近ポート装置を含んでいるが、それらの具体例が図2Aから図2Rに例示されており、これらは、鼻および/または口腔を通して挿入されて、a)液体(例えば、ガスまたは液体など)が排出されたり漏出するという望ましくない出来事を防止し、b)ガイドや作業装置の挿入と設置を容易にするが、ガイドおよび作業装置の具体例は図5Aから図5Y'''''と図6Aから図6Eに例示されている。
閉塞接近装置10、12、300、400の上述の具体例は本質的に膨張可能なバルーンである閉塞部材を例示しているが、このような閉塞部材はバルーンに限定されず、また、これ以外の多様な設計や種類であってもよいことが分かる。更に、接近吸引管、接近吸引ポートの多様な構成を利用して、血液、それ以外の流体、または、堆積物を閉塞部材(単数または複数)に隣接している領域から、かつ/または、術場のどこか他の部位から完全に除去するのを容易にすることができるとともに、術場の内部に作業装置を最適設置するのを容易にすることができるものと理解することができる。事実、或る閉塞部材設計および/または吸引接近管設計や吸引接近ポート設計は、外科手術中に患者の頭部の位置決め処理や、患者が全身麻酔を受けるのか否か、気管内管材が挿入されるのか否かなどを含む多数の要因次第で、或る処置については他の処置よりは望ましいことがある。或る事例では、後閉塞部材が鼻中隔の後ろの後鼻孔、鼻咽頭、または、咽頭の内部に設置されている場合は、後閉塞部材に隣接している領域から外へ血液、それ以外の流体、または、堆積物が吸引される完璧さの度合いは、閉塞部材そのものの形状および/または設計で決まるほかに、血液、流体、または、堆積物が中を通って吸引されることになる吸引管腔(単数または複数)やポート(単数または複数)の形状および位置で決まる。最適化された流体制御のほかにも、後閉塞部材および/または付随する接近管材も装置の不可欠な案内部材として機能し、特殊な構造体に接近するには代替の形状および軌跡が特に有用となることがある。図3Aないし図3Kは、多様な閉塞部材の種類の変形例と、閉塞部材に隣接している領域から、または、術場内のどこか他の部位から血液、流体、または、堆積物が中を通って吸引される吸引管腔(単数または複数)および吸引ポート(単数または複数)の配置の変形例の具体例を例示している。図3Aおよび図3Kに例示されている具体例は、適当ならば、図2Aないし図2Rに例示されている閉塞接近装置に組み込むことができる。
本発明は、鼻腔、副鼻腔、鼻咽頭、または、中耳に挿入されて診断書地または治療処置を施すことができる多様な装置を提供する。このような装置は可撓性カテーテルまたは可撓性の棒状シャフトを通して搬送され、或いは、それらカテーテルやシャフトに組み込むことができる。このような可撓性の構造のおかげで、装置を搬送および設置して所望の診断処置または治療処置を施しながら、同時に、先行技術の方法論によれば剛性の視認用機器および剛性の器具類が原因で生じる恐れのあった他の組織への外傷を最小限に抑えることができる。このような装置が部分的に可撓性に富んでいる、或いは、装置に剛性部分と可撓性部分が設けられて、適切な領域まで制御および案内するのを容易にすることは、この取組みの範囲に入る。更に、処置の或る部分で、所望に応じて、このような装置を他の標準的な剛性装置(例えば、視認用機器など)と関連して、または、結合させて使用してもよい。
図6Aないし図6Eは、本発明の方法で使用することができる多様なガイドカテーテルを例示している。
図7Aから図7Gは、副鼻腔内で診断処置または治療処置を実施する装置および方法の具体例を提示している。先行技術の方法では、剛性または可撓性の視認用機器を使って副鼻腔の小口を視認化することがあるが、通例、現実にはそのような視認用機器を副鼻腔の内部に進入させていた訳ではない。上述のように、本発明は副鼻腔の内側に内視鏡を設置する装置および方法を提供するものではないが、副鼻腔の内側に内視鏡を設置する方法を利用するのに、図7Aないし図7Gに例示されている診断装置または治療装置および診断方法または治療方法のいずれかと関連づけてもよいし、また、そうでなくてもよい。
図8Aないし図8Dは、図2Aおよび図2Bの閉塞接近装置10、12および/または図5Aないし図5Y''''に例示されているもののような多様な作業装置が使用されて鼻、鼻咽頭、または、副鼻腔の内部で診断処置および/または治療処置を実施しているのを例示している。
副鼻腔の1個以上の洞に接近する手段として、興味の対象である洞(単数または複数)にカテーテルを進入させる方法がある。まず、ガイドワイヤを副鼻腔に挿入してから、ガイドワイヤ上を伝ってカテーテルを前進させて、洞に入る。或る事例では、図6Aないし図6Eに例示されている類の洞口ガイドカテーテルは副鼻腔の小口に挿入され、より小型のカテーテルがガイドカテーテルを通しえ前進させられる。1個以上の視認用危機を使って副鼻腔の小口を視認するとともに、ガイドワイヤおよび/またはカテーテルを洞口の中へ誘導することができる。或る事例では、操舵自在なガイドワイヤ、カテーテル、および/または、視認用機器を使って、副鼻腔へ入ることができる。或る事例では、図2Aから図2Rに例示されているもののような閉塞接近装置が挿入され、副鼻腔に接近するために使用されたガイドワイヤ(単数または複数)、カテーテル(単数または複数)、および/または、視認用機器(単数または複数)が閉塞接近装置に設けられた装置挿入ポートを通して挿入される。
任意で、副鼻腔へのカテーテル接近を達成した後で、マイクロビーズまたは流動性造影媒体(例えば、ヨウ素標識造影溶液に濃化剤を添加したり、添加せずに済ましたりして、対粘液の粘度を調節したものなど)のような、粘稠度が粘液のものに類似している、画像化できる造影物質または放射性物質を副鼻腔に注入する。次に、画像化技術または走査技術(例えば、X線、放射線透視法、CTスキャン、超音波、MRI、放射線検出装置、ガンマカメラなど)を使って、副鼻腔を通ってからその外へ出る造影媒体の流れを観察することができる。或る事例では、冠動脈カテーテル挿入処置や血管形成処置で採用されるのとよく似た様式で、C字型アームを備えている放射線透視装置を使い、異なる複数の視点または角度から造影媒体の運動を視認することができる。副鼻腔から造影媒体が容易に流出することができるようにするために、先に挿入されたカテーテル(単数または複数)および/またはガイドワイヤ(単数または複数)および/または視認用機器(単数または複数)を副鼻腔とその洞口から外へ逆戻りさせ、或いは、完全に取り出して、正常な流れが生じるようにしてもよい。患者の頭部および/またはそれ以外の肉体部分の位置を整えて、異なる姿勢の排出効果を観察するようにしてもよい。この態様で臨床医は、解剖学的構造が副鼻腔から流出する正常な粘液の流れを閉塞している、または、妨害している位置を探して特定し、識別することができる。
任意で、上述の項目1に記載されているように副鼻腔への接近を果たした後、例えば、放射性標識ガス、放射線不透過性ガス、または、画像化マイクロビーズまたは放射性マイクロビーズを含有する気体などのような画像化ガスすなわち追跡標識ガスをカテーテルを通して注入し、副鼻腔の中に入れる。次に、画像化装置または追跡装置(後江波、放射線検出装置、ガンマカメラ、X線、放射線透視装置、CTスキャン、超音波、MRIなど)を使って、その後、気体が副鼻腔から外に出て、かつ/または、副鼻腔の他の洞との平衡を保つようになった時の気体の運動または散逸を観察する。この態様で、副鼻腔の洞で正常な気体交換が行われているか否かを臨床医は判断できるうえに、正常な気体流および/または正常な気体交換を遮断している、または、妨害している解剖学的構造または不整の部位を探して同定することができる。
副鼻腔、それ以外の解剖学的通路、または、解剖学的構造の全体を画像化物質で充満させ、或いは、それ以外の方法で測定することにより、実際の寸法および/または形状を判定する。そのような調査の或る事例では、上の項目1に記載されているように副鼻腔への接近を果たして、副鼻腔の洞を画像化物質(例えば、造影媒体など)で充満させることができる。次に、好適な画像化技術(例えば、X線、放射線透視装置、CTスキャン、超音波、MRI、放射線検出装置、ガンマカメラなど)を利用して、洞の寸法と形状を判定する。ここでもまた、そのような処置では、C字型アームを使って、それぞれ異なる複数の視点または角度から、造影剤を充満させた副鼻腔の洞を視認して測定することができる。そのような処置の一例は図7Bに例示されているとともに、前段で説明されている。
上述のように、可撓性の内視鏡および/または操舵自在な内視鏡を鼻、副鼻腔、鼻腔、鼻咽頭、エウスタキオ管、内耳または中耳などに挿入し、そのような内視鏡を使って、解剖学的構造を目で精査し、かつ/または、治療を観察し、かつ/または、先に施した治療の効能または完全さを査定することができる。副鼻腔の内部を視認するのが望ましい事例では、上段の項目1に記載されているように副鼻腔に接近して、直接またはガイドワイヤ上を伝わせて内視鏡を副鼻腔の内部に進入させる。
可撓性の発光器具(例えば、遠位端に強力発光装置を搭載したカテーテルなど)を鼻、副鼻腔、鼻腔、鼻咽頭、エウスタキオ管、内耳または中耳などに進入させ、そのような発光器具を使って解剖学的構造を照射する。体外から、かつ/または、それ以外の、鼻、副鼻腔、鼻腔、鼻咽頭、エウスタキオ管、内耳または中耳、眼窩、頭蓋冠などの内部の位置から直接観察または内視鏡観察を行い、解剖学的構造を観察し、かつ/または、光が入る迷入口または異常漏出口を検出することができる。発光装置および/または視認用機器(例えば、内視鏡)が副鼻腔の洞(単数または複数)の内部に設置される場合は、前段の項目1に記載されているような副鼻腔の洞(単数または複数)へ接近して、発光装置および/または視認用器具を直接またはガイドワイヤ上を伝わせて副鼻腔の洞(単数または複数)の中に進入させることができる。
上記以外の、MRIやCTなどの画像化技術を前段の項目1から項目6に明示されている様相のいずれかと組合わせたものを実施して、そのような技術を修正することで、副鼻腔解剖学またはそれ以外の病理学ごとに調整を行うことができる。
図9Aから図9Cは、本発明による移植蝸牛刺激装置の取付け処置を例示している。この処置では、エウスタキオ管ETに導通する鼻咽喉口の位置を探査し、初期的にガイドワイヤをエウスタキオ管ETに進入させる。ガイドワイヤ上を伝わせてカテーテル900を前進させて、カテーテル900の遠位端が中耳の鼓室TCまたはその付近に達している位置まで進入させる。その後、必要と思われるのであれば、カテーテル900を通して鉗子装置および/またはそれ以外の装置を前進させて、それら装置を使って、図9Aに例示されているように、耳の小型の骨(すなわち、槌骨、砧骨、鐙骨)を取り除く。中耳の骨をこのように任意で除去する処置は、図5Tに例示されているとともに前段に記載されている内視鏡を装備した鉗子装置790のような内視鏡装備装置を使った内視鏡視認下で遂行される。図9Bに例示されているように、J字型の遠位先端部905を設けた蝸牛ガイドカテーテル904をカテーテル900を通して前進させて、蝸牛ガイドカテーテル904の先端部905の蝸牛C内での目標地点、すなわち、蝸牛C内の挿入位置まで進入させる。或る応用例では、蝸牛ガイドカテーテル904は、蝸牛の丸窓の中に丸窓を覆っている二次鼓膜を通して進入することができるような構成になっていてもよい。必要ならば、ニードル、ドリル、または、カッターのような刺し通し装置が蝸牛ガイドカテーテル904の遠位端を通して前進させられ、整列させられ、または、位置決めされてから、刺し通しにより二次鼓膜を貫くことができる。また別な応用例では、蝸牛ガイドカテーテルを蝸牛に隣接させて置くようにしてもよいし、蝸牛瘻造設装置(例えば、ドリル、ニードル、カッターなどの刺し通し装置)が蝸牛ガイドカテーテル904の遠位端を通して前進させられ、整列させられ、または、位置決めされてから、その装置を使うことで、蝸牛Cの内部に進入させるのにガイドカテーテル904の遠位端を通す蝸牛瘻を形成することができる。その後、蝸牛ガイドカテーテル904を通して蝸牛電極配列906を前進させ、図9Bで分かるように、蝸牛に進入させる。購入可能な蝸牛電極配列の一例は、コウクリア・コーポレーション(Cochlear Corporation)が製造しているニュークレウス24カウントゥアー(Nucleus 24 Countour)装置である。
Claims (91)
- 副鼻腔炎または鼻、副鼻腔、もしくは、それ以外の耳、鼻、喉などの解剖学的構造に影響を及ぼす別な疾病を診断および/または治療する方法であって、該方法は、
(A)鼻中隔の少なくとも一方側の鼻孔または鼻腔にポート装置を設置する工程であって、ポート装置が装置挿入ポートおよび弁を有しており、弁は、装置挿入ポートを通して作業装置を挿入することができるようにすると同時に、その間、少なくとも作業装置が装置挿入ポートに挿入されている際には、ポートから外に血液またはそれ以外の流体が逆流するのを阻止するように作動する工程と、
(B)ポート装置を通して鼻、鼻咽頭、または、副鼻腔の内部の位置に少なくとも1個の作業装置を進入させる工程と、
(C)作業装置を使って、診断処置または治療処置を実施する工程とを含んでいる、診断および/または治療方法。 - 前記作業装置を使って、1群の処置から選択された1処置を実施し、該1群の処置は、
i)画像化物質または追跡標識物質を搬送する処置と、
ii)治療有効量の治療物質を搬送する処置と、
iii)ステント、組織改造装置、物質搬送移植片、それ以外の治療装置などを移植する処置と、
iv)組織を切除し、融除し、嵩減らしし、焼灼し、加熱し、レーザー処理し、拡張し、または、それ以外の修正を施す処置と、
v)細胞または組織を移植または埋設する処置と、
vi)骨折を整復し、整骨し、ネジ留めし、粘着剤を塗布し、固定し、減圧し、または、それ以外の方法で治療する処置と、
vii)遺伝子または遺伝子治療試料を搬送する処置と、
viii)副鼻腔内または鼻の内側のどこか他の部位内の硬骨組織または軟骨組織を切除し、融除し、嵩減らしし、焼灼し、加熱し、レーザー処理し、中に截骨部を設け、または、それ以外の方法で修復する処置と、
ix)副鼻腔の洞口または副鼻腔の1個以上の洞からの排液に影響を及ぼす解剖学的構造の形状、寸法、または、輪郭を改修または変更する処置と、
x)副鼻腔または鼻の内部のどこか他の部位から膿または異所迷入物質を除去する処置と、
xi)副鼻腔の内部の内層を成している細胞を掻き落し、または、それ以外の方法で除去する処置と、
xii)腫瘍の全部または一部を除去する処置と、
xiii)ポリープを除去する処置と、
xiv)ヒスタミン、アレルゲン、または、それ以外の、副鼻腔の内部の組織によって粘膜の分泌の原因となる物質を搬送して、副鼻腔からの排液を査定できるようにする処置からなる、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記工程(A)で設置されるポート装置は、閉塞部材および作業装置挿入ポートを有している前鼻閉塞接近装置を備えている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(A)は前鼻閉塞接近装置を配備して、閉塞部材が鼻中隔の一方側の鼻孔または鼻孔を閉鎖する工程を更に含んでおり、また、前記工程(B)は作業装置挿入開口を通して前記作業装置を挿入して、鼻、鼻咽頭、副鼻腔などの内部の位置に作業装置を進入させる工程とを含んでいる、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 第1の前鼻閉塞部接近装置が鼻中隔の一方側に設置され、第1の前鼻閉塞接近装置が鼻中隔の他方側に設置される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 鼻中隔の後ろの声門の上の位置で後鼻孔、鼻咽頭、または、咽頭を閉塞するような形状の後閉塞部材を設ける工程と、
鼻中隔の後ろの声門の上の位置で後鼻孔、鼻咽頭、または、咽頭を閉塞するように後閉塞装置を設置することにより、前記方法を実施している間、患者の食道または気管に流体が排出されるのを阻止する工程とを含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前閉塞部材、作業装置挿入ポート、および、後閉塞部材を有している前後鼻閉塞接近装置を設ける工程と、
前閉塞部材が鼻中隔の一方側の鼻孔または鼻腔を閉鎖し、かつ、後閉塞部材が鼻中隔の後ろの声門より上の位置で後鼻孔、鼻咽頭、または、咽頭を閉鎖するように前後鼻閉塞接近装置を配備する工程とを含んでおり、
前記工程(B)は、
作業装置挿入開口を通して前記作業装置を挿入して、鼻、鼻咽頭、中耳、副鼻腔などの内部の位置に作業装置を進入させる工程を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前鼻閉塞装置を設ける工程と、
鼻中隔の残りの側の残りの鼻孔または鼻腔を閉塞するように前鼻閉塞装置を設置する工程とを更に含んでいる、請求項7に記載の方法。 - 閉塞部材および作業装置挿入ポートを有している前鼻閉塞接近装置を設ける工程と、
閉塞部材が鼻中隔の残りの側の残りの鼻孔または鼻腔を閉鎖するように前鼻閉塞接近装置を設置する工程とを更に含んでいる、請求項7に記載の方法。 - 前記前鼻閉塞接近装置上に設けられた前記作業装置挿入ポートを通して前記作業装置を挿入して、鼻、鼻咽頭、副鼻腔などの内部の位置まで作業装置を進入させる工程を更に含んでいる、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記前後閉塞接近装置は、i)前端、後端、および、少なくとも1本の管腔が設けられた管と、ii)管材上の第1位置の前閉塞部材と、iii)管材上の第2位置の後閉塞部材であって、第2位置が第1位置より後ろにある後閉塞部材と、iv)前閉塞部材の前に設置された作業装置挿入開口と、v)前閉塞部材と後閉塞部材の間に配置されており、かつ、前閉塞部材が鼻中隔の一方側の鼻孔または鼻腔を閉鎖するように、また、後閉塞部材が鼻中隔の後ろの声門の上の位置で鼻咽頭を閉塞するように前後鼻閉塞接近装置を位置決めする作業装置出口開口とを備えている、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(B)は、前記作業装置挿入開口を通して作業装置を挿入し、作業装置出口開口から外へ作業装置を前進させて、鼻、鼻咽頭、副鼻腔などの内部の位置まで前進させる工程を含んでいる、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 鼻、鼻咽頭、副鼻腔などからの流体を吸引する工程を更に含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記前後鼻閉塞接近装置には吸引管腔と、前記前閉塞部材と前記後閉塞部材の間で前記管材に形成された吸引開口とが設けられており、前記方法は、
吸引管腔に吸引を施して、吸引開口を通してから、更に吸引管腔を通して物体を吸引するようにした工程を更に含んでいる、請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記工程(B)は、
ガイドカテーテルを挿入し、その後で、
ガイドカテーテルを通してまた別な作業装置を挿入する工程を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記工程(B)は、前記ポート装置を通して管材を前進させて副鼻腔の内部の位置まで進入させる工程を含んでおり、
前記工程(C)は、管材を通して副鼻腔に流動可能な造影剤を搬入し、その後で、流入可能な造影剤を画像化して、流動可能な造影剤が副鼻腔から排出される態様を査定する工程を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記流動可能な造影剤は粘性が粘液のものと同じぐらいである、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記画像化は、移動可能な画像化装置を使って実行され、画像化装置は異なる位置まで移動させられ、患者の解剖学的構造に対して異なる視点まで移動させられる、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(B)は、鼻または副鼻腔に視認用機器を挿入する工程を含んでおり、工程(C)は、視認用機器を使って、鼻および/または副鼻腔の内部の構造体を視認する工程を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記視認用機器を使って、また別な作業装置の設置を支援し、容易にし、または、検証する、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記視認用機器を使って、ガイドカテーテルの設置を支援し、容易にし、または、検証し、ガイドカテーテルが設置されてしまってから、ガイドカテーテルを通して別な作業装置を前進させる、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(C)はステントを移植する工程を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ステントは副鼻腔の小口の内側に少なくとも一部が位置決めされる、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記ステントとしては物質溶離ステントがある、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記物質溶離ステントは治療有効量の少なくとも1種類の、次のグループから選択された物質を溶離し、該グループは、
抗生物質、
抗菌剤、
アンチパラサイト剤、
抗真菌剤、
ステロイド、
血管収縮神経剤、
ロイコトリエン阻害剤、
免疫グロブリンE(IgE)阻害剤、
抗炎症剤、
肥満細胞安定化薬、
抗ヒスタミン薬、
免疫変調剤、
化学治療薬、
抗腫瘍薬、
ムコ多糖類加水分解薬、
粘液の粘性を薄め、または、それ以外の多様で変化させる薬剤、
柔組織および/または硬骨および/または軟骨の改造を促進する物質
から構成されている、請求項24に記載の方法。 - 前記工程(C)は、柔組織、硬骨、軟骨などの寸法、形状、輪郭、位置などを変える装置を移植する工程を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記装置は、移植後は、1回以上調節することができ、前記方法は、移植後は装置を少なくとも1回は調節する工程を更に含んでいる、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(C)は、副鼻腔の洞口、鼻道、鼻または鼻咽頭の内部の上記以外の通路を拡大または修正する工程を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(C)は、鼻、鼻咽頭、副鼻腔などの内部の位置に診断有効量の診断用物質または治療有効量の治療物質を導入する工程を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記物質は物質搬送移植片に含有されており、前記工程(C)は鼻、鼻咽頭、または、副鼻腔の内部の位置に物質搬送移植片を移植する工程を含んでいる、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(C)は、鼻、鼻咽頭、または、副鼻腔の内部の位置に物質を注入する工程を含んでいる、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記物質は次のグループから選択され、該グループは、
画像化造影剤、
診断用標識剤、
抗生物質、
抗菌剤、
アンチパラサイト剤、
抗真菌剤、
ステロイド、
血管収縮神経剤、
ロイコトリエン阻害剤、
免疫グロブリンE(IgE)阻害剤、
抗炎症剤、
肥満細胞安定化薬、
抗ヒスタミン薬、
免疫変調剤、
化学治療薬、
抗腫瘍薬、
ムコ多糖類加水分解薬、
粘液の粘性を薄め、または、それ以外の多様で変化させる薬剤、
柔組織および/または硬骨および/または軟骨の改造を促進する物質
から構成されている、請求項29に記載の方法。 - 副鼻腔炎または耳、鼻、喉などの疾病を診断および/または治療する用途の前後鼻閉塞接近装置であって、該装置は、
前端、後端、および、少なくとも1本の管腔が設けられた管と、
管材上の第1位置の前閉塞部材と、
管材上の第2位置の後閉塞部材であって、第2位置が第1位置より後ろにある後閉塞部材と、
前閉塞部材の前に設置された作業装置挿入開口と、
前閉塞部材と後閉塞部材の間に配置されている作業装置出口開口と、
次のグループから選択される少なくとも1個のまた別な構成要素とを備えており、該グループは、a)装置挿入ポートを通して作業装置を挿入することができるようにすると同時に、その間、少なくとも作業装置が装置挿入ポートに挿入されている際には、ポートから外に血液またはそれ以外の流体が逆流するのを阻止するように作動する弁と、b)前閉塞部材と後閉塞部材の間の複数の位置から血液、流体、堆積物などを吸引する、少なくとも1個の可動吸引ポート、および/または、c)流体が前閉塞部材と後閉塞部材の間の位置から吸引されるのと同時に、前閉塞部材と後閉塞部材の間の位置に流体を注入することができるようにした、別個の注入管腔および吸引管腔から構成されており、
前後鼻閉塞接近装置は、i)前閉塞部材が鼻中隔の一方側の鼻孔または鼻腔を閉鎖するように、ii)後閉塞部材が鼻中隔の後ろの位置で鼻咽頭を閉鎖するように、iii)作業装置が作業装置挿入開口を通して挿入され、作業装置出口開口から外へ出されて、鼻、鼻咽頭、副鼻腔などの内部の位置まで進入させられるように配備することができる、前後鼻閉塞接近装置。 - 前記前閉塞部材としては、バルーンがある、請求項33に記載の装置。
- 前記後閉塞部材としては、バルーンがある、請求項33に記載の装置。
- 少なくとも第1作業装置出口開口および第2作業装置出口開口を備えており、作業装置が第1作業装置出口開口および第2作業装置出口開口のいずれかから選択的に外へでて前進させられるようにした、請求項33に記載の装置。
- 次のグループから選択された少なくとも1個の作業装置と組合わせられる、請求項33に記載の前後鼻閉塞接近装置を備えているシステムであって、該グループは、
ガイドワイヤ、
ガイドカテーテル、
副鼻腔の小口へ進入するような形状のガイドカテーテル、
バルーンカテーテル、
ステント搬送用の装置、
物質溶離ステントの搬送装置、
骨または柔組織に圧力を加えて、骨または柔組織を成形しなおすための、移植
可能な装置、
組織切断装置、
組織融除装置、
組織の嵩減らし装置、
組織焼灼装置、
通路を拡張する装置、
起寒剤を搬送する装置、
放射線不透過性の造影剤を搬送する装置、
診断用物質または治療用物質を搬送する装置、
カニューレ、
内視鏡、
センサー、
光、
診断用装置、
治療用装置
から構成されている、システム。 - 前閉塞部材と後閉塞部材の間で管材上に配置された少なくとも1個の吸引ポートを更に備えており、流体または堆積物が吸引ポートを通ってから、更に管材の管腔を通って吸引されるようにした、請求項33に記載の装置。
- 鼻中隔の残りの側に設置することができる前鼻閉塞接近装置と組み合わされる、請求項33に記載の装置を備えているシステムであって、前鼻閉塞接近装置は、
鼻中隔の一方側の鼻孔または鼻腔を閉塞する前閉塞部材と、
中に作業装置を挿入して、前閉塞部材を越えて前進させ、鼻、鼻咽頭、副鼻腔などの内部の位置まで進入させる、作業装置挿入開口とを備えている、システム。 - 前記前鼻閉塞接近装置の前記前閉塞部材としては、バルーンがある、請求項39に記載のシステム。
- 前記作業装置挿入開口に付随している弁を更に備えており、弁は、作業装置挿入開口を通して作業装置が挿入されていない時には、作業装置挿入開口から外へ向かう逆流を阻止するような形状に設定されている、請求項33に記載の装置。
- 鼻中隔の残りの側に設置することができる前記前鼻閉塞接近装置の作業装置挿入開口に付随している弁を更に備えており、弁は、作業装置挿入開口を通して作業装置が挿入されていない時には、作業装置挿入開口から外へ向かう逆流を阻止するような形状に設定されている、請求項39に記載の装置。
- 副鼻腔炎または耳、鼻、喉などの疾病を診断および/または治療する用途の前鼻閉塞接近装置であって、該装置は、
鼻中隔の一方側の鼻孔または鼻腔を閉鎖するための前閉塞部材と、
中に作業装置を挿入してから、前閉塞部材を越えて前進させ、鼻、鼻咽頭、副鼻腔などの内部の位置まで進ませる作業装置挿入ポートと、
作業装置挿入ポートを通して作業装置を挿入して、作業装置挿入ポートを通して作業装置が挿入されていない時だけでも、作業装置挿入ポートから外へ血液またはそれ以外の流体が逆流するのを阻止することができるようにした、少なくとも1個の弁とを備えている、前鼻閉塞接近装置。 - 前記前閉塞部材としては、バルーンがある、請求項43に記載の装置。
- 次のグループから選択された少なくとも1個の作業装置と組合わされる、請求項43に記載の前鼻閉塞接近装置を備えているシステムであって、該グループは、
ガイドワイヤ、
ガイドカテーテル、
副鼻腔の小口へ進入するような形状のガイドカテーテル、
バルーンカテーテル、
ステント搬送用の装置、
物質溶離ステントの搬送装置、
骨または柔組織に圧力を加えて、骨または柔組織を成形しなおすための、移植
可能な装置、
組織切断装置、
組織融除装置、
組織の嵩減らし装置、
組織焼灼装置、
通路を拡張する装置、
起寒剤を搬送する装置、
放射線不透過性の造影剤を搬送する装置、
診断用物質または治療用物質を搬送する装置、
カニューレ、
内視鏡、
センサー、
光、
診断用装置、
治療用装置、
から構成されている、システム。 - 前記作業装置挿入開口に付随している弁を更に備えており、弁は、作業装置挿入開口を通して作業装置が挿入されていない時には、作業装置挿入開口から外へ向かう逆流を阻止するような形状に設定されている、請求項43に記載の装置。
- 副鼻腔からの排液を阻害する障害を診断し、または、その位置を探し、或いは、副鼻腔からの排液を改善または修正することを意図して先に施された治療の効能を査定する方法であって、該方法は、
A.流動可能な媒体を副鼻腔に導入する工程と、
B.副鼻腔からの流動可能な媒体が流れるのを、または拡散するのを監視する工程とを含んでいる、方法。 - 鼻中隔の後ろの声門の上の位置で鼻咽頭を閉塞して、食道または気管に流動可能な媒体が排出されるのを阻止する工程を更に含んでいる、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 鼻中隔の少なくとも一方側の鼻孔または鼻腔を閉鎖して、鼻孔から外へ流動可能な媒体が排出されるのを阻止する工程を更に含んでいる、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 前記工程Aは、副鼻腔にカテーテルを挿入して、カテーテルを通して流動可能な媒体を注入して、副鼻腔に入れる工程を含んでいる、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 前閉塞部材および装置挿入通路を備えている前鼻閉塞接近装置を設ける工程と、
閉塞装置が鼻中隔の一方の鼻孔または鼻腔を閉鎖するように、前鼻閉鎖接近装置を設置する工程とを更に含んでおり、
前記工程Aは、装置挿入数路を通してカテーテルを挿入し、副鼻腔の小口に、または、そこを通してカテーテルを進入させ、更に、カテーテルを通して造影媒体を注入して、副鼻腔に入れる工程を含んでいる、請求項47に記載の方法。 - 前記前鼻閉塞接近装置は、鼻中隔の一方側の鼻孔または鼻腔を閉鎖するための前閉塞部材と、中に作業装置が挿入される作業装置挿入ポートとを備えており、
前記工程Aは、i)作業装置挿入ポートを通してカテーテルを挿入する工程と、ii)副鼻腔の小口に、または、そこを通してカテーテルを進入させる工程と、iii)カテーテルを通して造影媒体を注入し、副鼻腔に入れる工程とを含んでいる、請求項51に記載の方法。 - 前閉塞部材、後閉塞部材、および、装置挿入通路を備えている前後鼻閉塞接近装置を設ける工程と、
前閉塞部材が鼻中隔の一方側の鼻孔または鼻腔を閉鎖するように、また、後閉塞部材が鼻中隔の後ろの声門の上の位置で鼻咽頭を閉鎖するように、前後鼻閉鎖接近装置を設置する工程とを更に含んでおり、
前記工程Aは、装置挿入通路を通してカテーテルを前進させ、副鼻腔の小口に入れ、または、そこを通し、カテーテルを通して造影倍端を注入して、副鼻腔に入れる工程を含んでいる、請求項47に記載の方法。 - 前記流動可能な媒体は画像化造影媒体であり、前記方法の前記工程Bは画像化造影媒体を画像化する工程を含んでいる、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 前記工程Bは、可動画像化装置を使用して実行され、複数の視点から画像を得る工程を含んでいる、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 前記可動画像化装置はX線撮影画像化装置とC字型アームを備えており、前記工程BはC字型アームを移動させて、複数の視点から画像を得るようにしている、請求項55に記載の方法。
- 前記流動可能な媒体は放射能液または放射性標識液であり、前記方法の前記工程Bは、放射能を検出する装置を使用して、放射能液または放射性標識液を追跡する工程を含んでいる、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 副鼻腔からの排液を阻害する障害を診断し、または、その位置を探し、或いは、副鼻腔からの排液を改善または修正することを意図して先に施された治療の効能を査定する方法であって、該方法は、
(A)副鼻腔の内層を形成している組織に粘液またはそれ以外の分泌物を分泌させる物質を副鼻腔に導入する工程と、
(B)副鼻腔から粘液またはそれ以外の分泌液が流れるのを監視する工程とを含んでいる、方法。 - 前記工程(A)で導入された物質としては、ヒスタミンがある、請求項58に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(A)で導入された物質としては、患者のアレルギーを誘発するアレルゲンがある、請求項58に記載の方法。
- 粘液またはそれ以外の分泌物の排出は、内視鏡を使って視覚的に査定される、請求項58に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(A)は、粘液またはそれ以外の分泌物と造影剤を結合させる工程を更に含んでおり、また、粘液またはそれ以外の分泌物の排出は、造影剤の画像化により査定される、請求項58に記載の方法。
- 鼻、鼻咽頭、副鼻腔などからポリープまたはそれ以外の組織を除去する装置であって、該装置は、
遠位端および管腔が設けられた可撓性のカテーテルと、
開いた遠位端を有しているとともに、管腔が中を通って延びている可撓性の管材であって、可撓性の管材はカテーテルの管腔の内側に回転自在に配置されており、可撓性の管材が回転することのできる間は、カテーテルが回転しないようにした、可撓性の管材と、
可撓性の管材の遠位端に設けられた回転式カッターと、
カテーテルに形成された開口であって、そこを通して物体が回収されてから回転式カッターによって切除されるようにした、開口とを備えている、装置。 - 可撓性の管材の管腔を負圧源に接続して、回転式カッターによって切除された物体が開放遠位端を通して吸引されてから、更に可撓性の管材の管腔を通して吸引されるようにしたコネクタを更に備えている、請求項63に記載の装置。
- カテーテルに設けられた前記開口はカテーテルの遠位端の開口である、請求項63に記載の装置。
- カテーテルに設けられた前記開口はカテーテルの側面に形成された側面開口である、請求項63に記載の装置。
- 少なくとも1個のベアリングが前記カテーテルと前記可撓性の管材との間に存在する、請求項63に記載の装置。
- 前記装置が患者の体内に挿入されている間に、前記カテーテルの前記遠位端を視認するために使うことができる視認用機器を更に備えている、請求項63に記載の装置。
- 前記視認用機器は前記可撓性の管材の前記管腔を通して延びる、請求項68に記載の装置。
- 前記視認用機器は前記カテーテルの外部に取り付けられている、請求項68に記載の装置。
- 前記視認用機器は前記カテーテルの一方側の管腔の中に配置されている、請求項70に記載の装置。
- 前記カテーテルに設けられた副次管腔を更に備えている、請求項70に記載の装置。
- 前記副次管腔内に設置された視認用機器と組合わされた、請求項72に記載の装置を備えているシステム。
- 前記副次管腔内に設置されたガイドワイヤと組合わされた、請求項72に記載の装置を備えているシステム。
- 前記開口の中に入って前記回転式カッターと接触する物体を後退させるように作動する可動牽引装置を更に備えている、請求項66に記載の装置。
- 前記可動牽引装置は、牽引ヘッドが設けられた長手の部材を備えており、長手の部材は遠位方向に前進して牽引ヘッドを側面開口より遠位の位置に移動させることができるとともに、近位方向に後退して牽引ヘッドを近位方向に移動させることで、牽引ヘッドに開口に入った物体を押させて前記回転式カッターと接触状態にさせることができる、請求項75に記載の装置。
- 前記カテーテルは閉じた遠位先端部が設けられている、請求項66に記載の装置。
- 前記可撓性の管材を通って延びてから、更に前記の前記遠位先端部に形成されている開口を通って延びる管腔を更に備えている、請求項77に記載の装置。
- 前記可撓性の管材を通って延びてから、更に前記カテーテルの前記遠位先端に形成された開口を通って延びる管腔内に設置された視認用機器と組合わされて、請求項78に記載の装置を備えているシステム。
- 前記可撓性の管材を通って延びてから、更に前記カテーテルの前記遠位先端に形成された開口を通って延びる管腔内に設置されたガイドワイヤと組合わされて、請求項78に記載の装置を備えているシステム。
- 人間またはエウスタキオ管、内耳蝸牛、鼓室、および、外耳を有している多様な患者の難聴または聴覚障害を治療する方法であって、該方法は、
(A)患者の鼻を通して可撓性のカテーテルを挿入して、エウスタキオ管の中に入れる工程と、
(B)蝸牛電極配列、トランスデューサー、および、電源を有している移植蝸牛刺激システムを設ける工程と、
(C)エウスタキオ管に挿入されてから、更に内耳蝸牛に入るカテーテルを通して、蝸牛電極配列を進入させる工程と、
(D)蝸牛電極配列をトランスデューサーおよび電源に導通させて、移植蝸牛刺激システムに音に関連する電気衝撃を内耳蝸牛に伝搬させる工程とを含んでいる、治療方法。 - 前記工程(A)は、視認用機器を使ってエウスタキオ管を視認し、前記カテーテルを誘導してエウスタキオ管の中に入れる工程を含んでいる、請求項81に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(C)は、エウスタキオ管内に設置されているカテーテルを通して蝸牛ガイドを挿入し、蝸牛ガイドの上を伝って、または、その中を通して電極配列を前進させ、内耳蝸牛の中に入れる工程を含んでいる、請求項81に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(C)は、内耳蝸牛の丸窓を通して蝸牛電極配列を進入させる工程を含んでいる、請求項81に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(C)は、二次鼓膜を刺し通す工程を更に含んでいる、請求項81に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(C)は、蝸牛瘻を設け、蝸牛瘻を通して蝸牛電極を進入させる工程を含んでいる、請求項81に記載の方法。
- エウスタキオ管を通してトランスデューサーを渡し、鼓室にトランスデューサーを移植する工程を更に含んでいる、請求項81に記載の方法。
- 前記方法は、鼓室の中にトランスデューサーを移植する前に、鼓室から骨を除去する工程を更に含んでいる、請求項87に記載の方法。
- 外耳管に電源を設置する工程を更に含んでいる、請求項81に記載の方法。
- 前記前閉塞部材と後閉塞部材の間の距離を調節する工程を更に含んでいる、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記前閉塞部材と前記後閉塞部材の間の距離は調節できる、請求項33に記載の前後閉塞接近装置。
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