US20200023310A1 - Acid gas treatment - Google Patents

Acid gas treatment Download PDF

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Publication number
US20200023310A1
US20200023310A1 US16/191,852 US201816191852A US2020023310A1 US 20200023310 A1 US20200023310 A1 US 20200023310A1 US 201816191852 A US201816191852 A US 201816191852A US 2020023310 A1 US2020023310 A1 US 2020023310A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
gas
acid
acid gas
tail gas
sulfur
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Abandoned
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US16/191,852
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English (en)
Inventor
Jing Luo
Lifang Qi
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JIANGSU NEW CENTURY JIANGNAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Inc Ltd
Jiangnan Environmental Protection Group Inc
Original Assignee
JIANGSU NEW CENTURY JIANGNAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Inc Ltd
Jiangnan Environmental Protection Group Inc
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Application filed by JIANGSU NEW CENTURY JIANGNAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Inc Ltd, Jiangnan Environmental Protection Group Inc filed Critical JIANGSU NEW CENTURY JIANGNAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Inc Ltd
Priority to EA202190220A priority Critical patent/EA202190220A1/ru
Priority to PCT/CN2019/075568 priority patent/WO2020015357A1/en
Priority to AU2019303489A priority patent/AU2019303489B2/en
Priority to MYPI2020001920A priority patent/MY195464A/en
Assigned to JIANGSU NEW CENTURY JIANGNAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INC., LTD. reassignment JIANGSU NEW CENTURY JIANGNAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INC., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LUO, JING, QI, LIFANG
Priority to MA049413A priority patent/MA49413A/fr
Priority to EP19163406.2A priority patent/EP3597286A1/en
Assigned to JIANGNAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION GROUP INC. reassignment JIANGNAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION GROUP INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JIANGSU NEW CENTURY JIANGNAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INC., LTD.
Priority to SG10201902768QA priority patent/SG10201902768QA/en
Priority to CA3040643A priority patent/CA3040643C/en
Priority to BR102019008222A priority patent/BR102019008222A2/pt
Priority to JP2019082510A priority patent/JP7075910B2/ja
Priority to KR1020190048630A priority patent/KR20200010014A/ko
Priority to CL2019001432A priority patent/CL2019001432A1/es
Priority to TW108125105A priority patent/TWI751430B/zh
Priority to US16/740,917 priority patent/US10953365B2/en
Publication of US20200023310A1 publication Critical patent/US20200023310A1/en
Priority to US17/136,214 priority patent/US11529584B2/en
Priority to IL280097A priority patent/IL280097A/en
Priority to ZA2021/00528A priority patent/ZA202100528B/en
Priority to KR1020230040638A priority patent/KR102622551B1/ko
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
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    • C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/02—Preparation of sulfur; Purification
    • C01B17/04—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides
    • C01B17/0404—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by processes comprising a dry catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, e.g. the Claus process
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
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Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to removing acidic sulfide gas (such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, COS, CS 2 , etc.) in production processes of petrochemical, natural gas chemical, coal chemical industries and other industries by utilizing an ammonia desulfurization process.
  • the disclosure specifically relates to treating acid gas, wherein an ammonia desulfurization process is used to treat the acid tail gas, thereby achieving the purpose that net tail gas meets the discharge standards through multi-stage circulating absorption, in particular, wherein the enthalpy value of the acid tail gas is first adjusted by a regulatory system, and then the acid tail gas is fed into a subsequent ammonia desulfurization process.
  • the disclosure further relates to a corresponding device for treating acid gas, which may be applied to the technical fields of petrochemical, natural gas chemical, coal chemical industries and the like.
  • Acid gas refers to the process gas that includes, among other things, sulfur-containing materials such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur oxides, organic sulfur and the like, which is derived from petrochemical, natural gas chemical, coal chemical, shale oil chemical, and shale gas chemical industries and the like.
  • the harmful components in the acid gas are primarily hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, COS, CS 2 , etc. with a high concentration of H 2 S (generally, 70%-95% for petrochemical industry, 30%-80% for natural gas chemical industry, and 20%-50% for coal chemical industry), and need to be treated to meet a discharge standard.
  • the Chinese invention patent with Application No. CN 200910188118 discloses a high-concentration flue gas desulfurization method, which uses sodium-method desulfurization and simultaneously recovers the by-product sodium sulfite, wherein the flue gas is deoxidized before desulfurization.
  • the concentration of sulfur dioxide in flue gas before treatment ranges between 10,000-100,000 mg/m 3
  • the oxygen content ranges between 2,000-10,000 mg/m 3
  • the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas after treatment is less than 200 mg/m 3 .
  • deoxidation step in this method requires conversion of part of sulfur dioxide into low-value low-concentration sulfuric acid as an efflux, and the recovery rate of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas is reduced. Furthermore, this method is difficult to deoxidize thoroughly, the purity of the product sodium sulfite is low, and this method has large investment and high operating cost.
  • the Chinese invention patent with Application No. CN 200580011908.X discloses a biological desulfurization technology, which is used for biological desulfurization of Claus tail gas to obtain desulfurized tail gas and sulfur product.
  • the main process is that: tail gas is introduced into an absorber and contacted with a lean solvent to obtain desulfurized tail gas and a rich solvent; the rich solvent is introduced into a bioreactor device in which the dissolved hydrogen sulfide is bio-oxidized to obtain a sulfur product and a lean solvent.
  • the hydrogen sulfide in the tail gas can be less than 10 ppm. This method has large investment, difficult operation, and waste liquid discharge, and it is difficult to keep the continuous and stable biological activity.
  • the Chinese invention patent with Application No. U.S. Pat. No. 5,019,361 illustrates the Cansolv process flow as below: the concentration of sulfur dioxide is 7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 -5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 , the mass concentration of the organic amine liquid is not less than 20%, the temperature of absorption liquid is 10° C.-50° C., sulfur dioxide absorbed per 1,000 g of absorption liquid is greater than 100 g, the desorption temperature is 70° C.-90° C., and 4 g-10 g of steam will be consumed per desorption of 1 g of sulfur dioxide.
  • This method has large investment, waste acid discharge and high energy consumption.
  • the Chinese invention patent with Application No. CN 201210288895 discloses a method for treating Claus process tail gas, in which the Claus process tail gas containing sulfur dioxide, oxygen and water is continuously added into a reactor filled with a porous carbon desulfurizer; at a reaction temperature of 30° C.-150° C., sulfur dioxide and water in the tail gas undergo catalytic oxidation reaction on the surface of the porous carbon to form sulfuric acid, and the regeneration detergent is continuously introduced into the reactor at the same time.
  • the desulfurization rate is up to 93%, and the final tail gas discharge cannot meet the high environmental protection requirements, and the by-product low-concentration sulfuric acid is difficult to use.
  • the multi-stage Claus process tail gas still fails to meet the discharge requirements.
  • Ammonia desulfurization is a wet desulfurization process using ammonia as an absorbent, this method can produce ammonium sulfate fertilizer using SO 2 , and is a green flue gas management scheme with low energy consumption, high additional value and the implementation of recycling utilization of resources. Since a large amount of available ammonia water is generated in the production process of the chemical industry, the use of ammonia desulfurization may be desirable for the tail gas in the chemical industry.
  • the ammonia desulfurization process is mainly composed of three processes: absorption, oxidation and concentration (crystallization). Firstly, sulfur dioxide is absorbed with ammonium sulfite to obtain a mixed solution of ammonium sulfite and ammonium hydrogen sulfite, and then neutralization by adding ammonia is performed to obtain ammonium sulfite again:
  • Oxidized air is introduced into the solution to oxidize ammonium (hydrogen) sulfite to obtain ammonium (hydrogen) sulfate:
  • the circulating absorption liquid containing ammonium sulfate is subjected to concentration, crystallization, solid-liquid separation and drying to obtain the final product, ammonium sulfate.
  • the Chinese invention patent with Application No. CN 201310130225.4 discloses an ammonia-method flue gas management apparatus and methods for acid tail gas, specifically comprising the following steps: 1) controlling the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the tail gas to be introduced into an absorption tower at ⁇ 30000 mg/Nm 3 ; 2) process water or ammonium sulfate solution is provided in the inlet flue pipe of the absorption tower or within the absorption tower for spraying to lower the temperature; 3) an oxidation section is provided in the absorption tower, and an oxidation distributor is provided in the oxidation section to realize oxidation of the desulfurization absorption liquid; 4) an absorption section is provided in the absorption tower, and an absorption liquid distributor is used to achieve desulfurization spray absorption by the ammonia-containing absorption liquid in the absorption section; the ammonia-containing absorption liquid is supplemented through an ammonia storage tank; 5) the upper part of the absorption section in the absorption tower is equipped with a water washing layer, which washes
  • the Chinese invention patent with Application No. CN 201410006886.0 discloses a method for efficiently removing acidic sulfide gas using ammonia desulfurization technology, comprising the following steps: 1) pre-treatment: sulfide in acid gas is subjected to the pre-treatment method such as sulfur recovery, sulfuric acid production and/or incineration, and thus the remaining sulfur in the acid gas is converted into sulfur oxides to obtain acid tail gas containing sulfur oxides; the acid gas is derived from petrochemical, natural gas chemical, coal chemical industries and the like; 2) ammonia absorption of sulfur oxide: the acid tail gas containing sulfur oxides is introduced into an ammonia absorption device, and the sulfur oxides are absorbed by a circulating absorption liquid; 3) ammonium sulfate post-treatment: the saturated or nearly saturated absorption liquid which fully absorbs sulfur oxides is subjected to concentration, crystallization, solid-liquid separation, and drying to obtain a solid ammonium sulfate product.
  • pre-treatment sulf
  • Sulfur oxides (sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, and hydrates thereof) are removed from the acid tail gas; furthermore, sulfuric acid, sulfur and ammonium sulfate by-products are generated, and clean gas is discharged meeting the standard.
  • the components, density, circulation amount or other parameters of the absorption liquid are adjusted according to different sulfur oxide concentrations and sulfur oxide absorption amounts in the acid tail gas.
  • concentration of sulfur oxide in the acid gas is lower than 30,000 mg/Nm 3
  • the acid gas is directly introduced into the ammonia absorption device without pre-treatment.
  • the enthalpy value and the impurity content of the acid tail gas after the pre-treatment are not specified in this process, as well as the treatment measures after the impurities enter the ammonia desulfurization system.
  • FIG. 1 shows illustrative apparatus of Example 1 in accordance with principles of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows illustrative apparatus of Example 2 in accordance with principles of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows illustrative apparatus of a regulatory system in accordance with principles of the invention.
  • Ammonia recovery means that fraction or percentage of ammonia added to a gas cleaning process that is subsequently captured and extracted from the process.
  • Dust means a particulate material fine enough to waft along gaseous flows, when handled, processed, or contacted. It includes but is not limited to aerosols, including solid aerosol particles and liquid aerosol particles, soot, charcoal, non-combusted coal, fine minerals, sand, gravel, salts, and any combination thereof.
  • Oxidation rate means the percentage, calculated by mol percent, of a given material that has been converted into an identified more-oxidized species of the material. For example, in a mixture containing ammonia bearing species and sulfur oxides, if X mol % of the mixture is ammonium sulfate, Y mol % is ammonium sulfite, and Z mol % is some other ammonia, sulfur, and/or oxygen containing species with an oxidation potential greater than ammonium sulfate, because ammonium sulfate is the identified most-oxidized species, the oxidation rate of the mixture would be X mol %.
  • “Sulfur oxides or SOx” means a chemical species containing sulfur and oxygen. It includes compounds such as sulfur monoxide (SO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), sulfur trioxide (SO 3 ), higher sulfur oxides (SO 3 and SO 4 and polymeric condensates of them), disulfur monoxide (S 2 O), disulfur dioxide (S 2 O 2 ), and lower sulfur oxides (S 7 O 2 , S 6 O 2 , and S n O x , where n and x are any possible stoichiometric numerical values).
  • the disclosure provides apparatus and methods for treating acid gas with respect to none, some, or all of the following problems of the prior art in using ammonia desulfurization to treat acid tail gas: inability of achieving long-period stable operation of the device, poor product quality, and difficulty in headstream-controlling ammonia escape and the production of aerosol.
  • the apparatus and methods for treating acid gas may include the use of an ammonia desulfurization process to treat acid tail gas, and may achieve the discharge of net tail gas meeting the standard through multi-stage circulating absorption and efficient acid tail gas treatment with low cost.
  • the multi-stage circulating absorption of ammonia desulfurization may include one or more of a cooling cycle, an SO 2 absorption cycle, and a water-washing cycle.
  • the enthalpy value of acid tail gas has an effect on the stable standardized operation of the desulfurization device: when the enthalpy value is high and the absorption temperature is high, ammonia escape may be significant, and thus absorption efficiency cannot be guaranteed; whereas, when the enthalpy value is low and the absorption temperature is low, oxidation rate of circulating absorption liquid may be low and thus the post-treatment system cannot be operated stably, moreover, since the sulfur-recovered tail gas may be incompletely incinerated in an incineration system, hydrogen sulfide tends to be converted into sulfur when incinerated at a lower temperature, and hydrogen sulfide, elementary sulfur and organic matters in turn may affect the oxidation of ammonium sulfite and the crystallization of ammonium sulfate, causing the poor product quality.
  • the incineration temperature may need to be raised to 1,300° C. or higher, the coefficient of excess air may need to be raised to 1.8, and the residence time may need to be raised to 7 s.
  • this may increase the investment and operating cost of the incineration system and may consume a large amount of fuel gas; moreover, the incinerated flue gas may contain a high concentration of nitrogen oxides, the denitrification investment may be large with high operating cost, and the nitrogen oxide content of the final effluent gas may not easily meet the standard.
  • the enthalpy value of the acid tail gas should be appropriately controlled within the range of 60-850 kJ/kg dry gas, for example, 80-680 kJ/kg dry gas or 100-450 kJ/kg dry gas, before entering the process of ammonia desulfurization.
  • the regulatory system may include a temperature adjustment unit and/or a humidity adjustment unit or both of a temperature adjustment unit and a humidity adjustment unit.
  • the enthalpy value of acid tail gas may be controlled by measuring the temperature and humidity of the acid tail gas which will enter the process of ammonia desulfurization, and by adjusting the temperature and humidity of the tail gas with the regulatory system.
  • the temperature adjustment unit may accordingly comprise a heating or cooling apparatus, for example, a heater or cooler or other temperature control apparatus
  • the humidity adjustment unit may accordingly comprise a humidifying or dehumidifying apparatus, such as an apparatus that can perform nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas distribution or add water vapor.
  • Suitable temperature regulating apparatus and humidity regulating apparatus themselves are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the regulatory system further may include one or more of a sulfur removal unit, a dust removal unit, and an impurity removal unit.
  • the total dust content of the acid tail gas may be adjusted by the regulatory system, and the total acid dust content of the acid tail gas after adjustment may be ⁇ 200 mg/Nm 3 , for example, ⁇ 50 mg/Nm 3 .
  • the impurity content of the acid tail gas can be adjusted by the regulatory system, and the organic matter content of the acid tail gas after adjustment may be ⁇ 30 ppm, for example ⁇ 10 ppm, and/or the elementary sulfur and hydrogen sulfide content may be ⁇ 30 ppm, for example ⁇ 10 ppm.
  • the circulating absorption liquid of ammonia desulfurization may be subjected to a purification treatment such that the suspended matter content in the circulating absorption liquid may be ⁇ 200 mg/L and/or the oil content may be ⁇ 100 mg/L.
  • the acid tail gas may include, illustratively, the tail gas obtained after treating the petrochemical, natural gas chemical, and coal chemical acid gas with a process such as sulfur recovery plus incineration, sulfuric acid production, and incineration; or the acid tail gas may include, illustratively, catalytic cracking regeneration flue gas.
  • the sulfur recovery may include a sulfur recovery process, such as a 1 to 3-stage Claus sulfur recovery process, a SuperClaus sulfur recovery process, an EuroClaus sulfur recovery process, a liquid-phase catalytic oxidation sulfur recovery process or a biological sulfur recovery process; and the sulfuric acid production process may be performed with a wet sulfuric acid production process or a dry sulfuric acid production process.
  • a sulfur recovery process such as a 1 to 3-stage Claus sulfur recovery process, a SuperClaus sulfur recovery process, an EuroClaus sulfur recovery process, a liquid-phase catalytic oxidation sulfur recovery process or a biological sulfur recovery process
  • the sulfuric acid production process may be performed with a wet sulfuric acid production process or a dry sulfuric acid production process.
  • the molar ratio of H 2 S/SO 2 in the sulfur-recovered tail gas may be controlled at 1.2-3, for example, 1.5-2.5.
  • the incineration temperature may be 600° C.-1,300° C., for example, 650° C.-950° C.
  • the residence time may be 1-6 s, for example, 1.5-4 s
  • the oxygen content of the acid tail gas may be 2%-5%, for example, 3%-4%
  • sulfur oxide content of the acid tail gas may be 2,000-150,000 mg/Nm 3 , for example 5,000-55,000 mg/Nm 3 .
  • the methods may include the process steps:
  • acid gas is treated by sulfur recovery plus incineration or sulfuric acid production or incineration, or directly by catalytic cracking catalyst regeneration process to obtain acid tail gas;
  • the acid tail gas is fed into the regulatory system to adjust the enthalpy value of the tail gas to be within the range of 60-850 kJ/kg dry gas, for example, 80-680 kJ/kg dry gas or 100-450 kJ/kg dry gas;
  • the acid tail gas obtained in step 2 may be further treated in the regulatory system such that the total dust content is ⁇ 200 mg/Nm 3 and/or the organic matter content is ⁇ 30 ppm and/or the elementary sulfur content is ⁇ 30 ppm before it is fed into the ammonia desulfurization process.
  • the apparatus may include a device for treating acid gas, including an acid gas pre-treatment system and an ammonia desulfurization system.
  • the acid gas pre-treatment system may include one or more of a sulfur recovery system plus incineration system, a sulfuric acid production system, an incineration system, and a catalytic cracking catalyst regeneration system.
  • the ammonia desulfurization system may be a conventional ammonia desulfurization device, and its structure may be known in the art, for example, reference may be made to CN 201710379460.3, CN 201810057884.2 for which the applicant has applied. CN 201710379460.3, CN 201810057884.2 are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
  • the sulfur recovery system may include one or more of a 1 to 3-stage Claus sulfur recovery system, a SuperClaus sulfur recovery system, an EuroClaus sulfur recovery system, a liquid-phase catalytic oxidation sulfur recovery system and biological sulfur recovery system.
  • the apparatus may include a regulatory system comprising a temperature regulating apparatus and/or a humidity regulating apparatus, or both a temperature regulating apparatus and a humidity regulating apparatus.
  • the regulatory system may include one or more of a sulfur removal device, a dust removal apparatus, and an impurity removal apparatus.
  • the acid gas pre-treatment system, the regulatory system, and the ammonia desulfurization system may be connected successively.
  • the acid gas pre-treatment system may include a sulfur recovery system plus incineration system.
  • the regulatory system may include one or more of a temperature regulating apparatus, a humidity regulating apparatus, and an impurity removal apparatus that can be connected to each other successively in any order, or one or more of an impurity removal apparatus, a temperature regulating apparatus, a humidity regulating apparatus and an impurity removal apparatus that can be connected to each other successively in any order.
  • the apparatus may include an absorption liquid treatment system that may include one or more of a concentration apparatus, a solid-liquid separation apparatus, and a drying apparatus.
  • the absorption liquid treatment system may include one or more of a solution purification apparatus and an evaporation crystallization apparatus.
  • the solution purification apparatus may include one or more of an oil removal apparatus and a suspended matter removal apparatus.
  • the suspended matter removal apparatus may be configured to form a circulating absorption liquid with a suspended matter content of ⁇ 200 mg/L, 20-100 mg/L, or 30-50 mg/L.
  • the oil removal apparatus may be configured to form a circulating absorption liquid with an oil content of ⁇ 100 mg/L, for example 10-80 mg/L or 20-30 mg/L.
  • the oil removal apparatus may include one or more of an air flotation apparatus, an adsorption apparatus or a precision filtration apparatus, or a combination thereof.
  • the oil removal apparatus may be connected to the incineration system.
  • the acid gas derived from petrochemical industry may be subjected to sulfur recovery plus incineration (pre-treatment) to obtain an acid tail gas, and then the enthalpy value of the acid tail gas may be adjusted with a regulatory system before it is fed into the ammonia desulfurization process.
  • the multi-stage circulating absorption of ammonia desulfurization may include a 1-stage cooling cycle, a 2-stage SO 2 absorption cycle, and a 1-stage water-washing cycle.
  • the regulatory system may include one or more of a temperature regulating unit, a humidity regulating unit and a sulfur removal unit that are connected successively.
  • the enthalpy value of the acid tail gas may be first adjusted to 560-720 kJ/kg dry gas through a cooling apparatus, and then the low-temperature low-enthalpy nitrogen gas may be supplemented through a dehumidifying apparatus to further adjust the acid tail gas's enthalpy value to 440-530 kJ/kg dry gas. Then, the elementary sulfur and hydrogen sulfide content of the tail gas may be regulated and controlled to 4-7.5 ppm through an adsorption sulfur-removal apparatus.
  • the hydrogen sulfide content of the acid gas may be, for example, about 90%, the rest being nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and the sulfur recovery system for treating the acid gas may include an air-method 3-stage Claus sulfur recovery process.
  • the molar ratio of H 2 S/SO 2 in the sulfur-recovered tail gas may be controlled at 1.7-2.8, the incineration temperature of the incineration system may be 850° C.-950° C., the residence time may be 2-4 s, the oxygen content of the acid tail gas may be about 3%, and the sulfur oxide content in the incinerated tail gas may be about 12,000-15,000 mg/Nm 3 .
  • the sulfur recovery rate may be 96%
  • the annual operating time may be 8,400 h
  • 477,000 tons of sulfur per year and 80,500 tons of ammonium sulfate per year may be obtained after the treatment.
  • the circulating absorption liquid of ammonia desulfurization may be subjected to the treatment of oil removal to render the oil content of the circulating absorption liquid ⁇ 50 mg/L.
  • An illustrative acid gas treatment apparatus may include one or more of an acid gas pre-treatment system (sulfur recovery system plus incineration system), a regulatory system, and an ammonia desulfurization system.
  • the sulfur recovery system may include a thermal reaction plus 3-stage Claus catalytic reaction apparatus, and the Claus catalytic recoverer may be a recoverer that is not charged with a hydrolysis catalyst.
  • the regulatory system may include one or more of a temperature regulating apparatus, a humidity regulating apparatus and a sulfur removal device that are connected successively.
  • the sulfur recovery system, incineration system, regulatory system and ammonia desulfurization system for acid gas may be connected successively.
  • the temperature regulating apparatus may be a two-stage waste heat recovery apparatus, the by-product of first-stage waste heat recovery may be saturated steam, and the second-stage waste heat recovery may preheat boiler feed water; and the humidity regulating apparatus may include a nitrogen gas distribution apparatus.
  • the apparatus make include an absorption liquid treatment system, which may include one or more of a concentration apparatus, a solid-liquid separation apparatus, and a drying apparatus.
  • an absorption liquid treatment system which may include one or more of a concentration apparatus, a solid-liquid separation apparatus, and a drying apparatus.
  • the absorption liquid treatment system may include a solution purification apparatus.
  • the solution purification apparatus may include an oil removal apparatus, which may be configured to form a circulating absorption liquid with an oil content of ⁇ 50 mg/L.
  • the oil removal apparatus may include an air flotation apparatus plus precision filtration apparatus.
  • the oil removal apparatus may be connected to the incineration system, and the waste oil may be completely incinerated into water, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the incineration system.
  • the apparatus and methods may reduce the investment and operating cost of the ammonia desulfurization system, may achieve long-period stable operation, may achieve synergistic control of acid gas pre-treatment and ammonia desulfurization of acid tail gas, may improve ammonia recovery rate, may control the production of aerosol, and may improve the product quality.
  • the apparatus may include, and the methods may involve an acid gas pre-treatment system; and, in fluid communication with the acid gas pre-treatment system, an ammonia desulfurization system.
  • the pretreatment system may include one or more of a sulfur recovery system plus incineration system, a sulfuric acid production system; and a catalytic cracking catalyst regeneration system.
  • the sulfur recovery system may include a Claus sulfur recovery system.
  • the Claus sulfur recovery system may be a one-stage Claus sulfur recovery system.
  • the Claus sulfur recovery system may be a two-stage Claus sulfur recovery system.
  • the Claus sulfur recovery system may be a three-stage Claus sulfur recovery system.
  • the sulfur recovery system may include a liquid-phase catalytic oxidation sulfur recovery system.
  • the sulfur recovery system may include a biological sulfur recovery system.
  • the sulfur recovery system may include, in fluid communication with the Claus sulfur recovery system, a SuperClaus sulfur recovery system.
  • the sulfur recovery system may include, in fluid communication with the Claus sulfur recovery system, a EuroClaus sulfur recovery system.
  • the sulfur recovery system may include, in fluid communication with the Claus sulfur recovery system, a biological sulfur recovery system.
  • the sulfur recovery system may include, in fluid communication with the Claus sulfur recovery system, a liquid-phase catalytic oxidation sulfur recovery system
  • the apparatus may include a regulatory system that is in fluid communication with, and upstream from, the ammonia desulfurization system.
  • the regulatory system may include a temperature regulator configured to regulate a gas temperature in the regulatory system.
  • the regulatory system may include a humidity regulator configured to regulate a gas humidity in the regulatory system.
  • the apparatus may include a sulfur removal device in fluid communication with the ammonia desulfurization system.
  • the apparatus may include a dust removal apparatus in fluid communication with the ammonia desulfurization system.
  • the apparatus may include an impurity removal apparatus in fluid communication with the ammonia desulfurization system.
  • the apparatus may include a sulfur removal device in fluid communication with the ammonia desulfurization system; and a dust removal apparatus in fluid communication with the ammonia desulfurization system.
  • the apparatus may include a sulfur removal device in fluid communication with the ammonia desulfurization system; and an impurity removal apparatus in fluid communication with the ammonia desulfurization system.
  • the apparatus may include a dust removal apparatus in fluid communication with the ammonia desulfurization system; and an impurity removal apparatus in fluid communication with the ammonia desulfurization system.
  • the acid gas pre-treatment system; the regulatory system; and the ammonia desulfurization system may be connected successively along a downstream direction.
  • the acid gas pre-treatment system may include a sulfur recovery system plus incineration system.
  • the apparatus may include a sulfur removal device in fluid communication with the ammonia desulfurization system.
  • the acid gas pre-treatment system may include a sulfur recovery system plus incineration system.
  • the temperature regulator, humidity regulator and a the sulfur removal device may be connected successively in the downstream direction.
  • the temperature regulator, humidity regulator and a the sulfur removal device are connected successively in the downstream direction.
  • the ammonia desulfurization system may be configured to circulate ammonia-containing absorption liquid; and may include an absorption liquid treatment system that may include one or more of: a concentration device configured to receive the absorption liquid; a solid-liquid separation device configured to collect solids suspended in the liquid; and a drying device configured to dry the collected solids.
  • the absorption liquid treatment system may include a solution purification device in fluid communication with, and disposed in a direction operationally downstream from, the solid-liquid separation device.
  • the absorption liquid treatment may system includes an evaporation crystallization device that: may be in fluid communication with one or both of: the concentration device; and the solid-liquid separation device; and may be disposed, operationally: downstream from the concentration device; and upstream from the solid-liquid separation device.
  • the absorption liquid treatment system may include an evaporation crystallization device that may be: in fluid communication with one or both of: the concentration device; and the solid-liquid separation device; and may be disposed, operationally: downstream from the concentration device; and upstream from the solid-liquid separation device.
  • an evaporation crystallization device may be: in fluid communication with one or both of: the concentration device; and the solid-liquid separation device; and may be disposed, operationally: downstream from the concentration device; and upstream from the solid-liquid separation device.
  • the solution purification device may include an oil removal device that is in fluid communication with the solid-liquid separation device.
  • the solution purification device may include a suspended matter removal device that is in fluid communication with the solid-liquid separation device.
  • the solution purification device may include a suspended matter removal device that is in fluid communication with the solid-liquid separation device.
  • the suspended matter removal device may be configured to provide a circulating absorption liquid that has a suspended matter content no greater than 200 mg/L.
  • the suspended matter content may be in the range 20-100 mg/L.
  • the suspended matter content may be in the range 30-50 mg/L.
  • the oil removal device may include, in fluid communication with the solid-liquid separation device, an air flotation device.
  • the oil removal device may include, in fluid communication with the solid-liquid separation device, an adsorption device.
  • the oil removal device may include, in fluid communication with the solid-liquid separation device, a precision filtration device.
  • the oil removal device may include, in fluid communication with the solid-liquid separation device, an adsorption device.
  • the oil removal device may include, in fluid communication with the solid-liquid separation device, a precision filtration device.
  • the oil removal device further includes, in fluid communication with the solid-liquid separation device, a precision filtration device.
  • the oil removal device may be configured to produce a circulating absorption liquid having an oil content no greater than 100 mg/L.
  • the oil content may be in the range 10-80 mg/L.
  • the oil content may be in the range 20-30 mg/L.
  • the oil removal device may be in fluid communication with, and disposed operationally upstream from, the incineration system.
  • the methods may include receiving acid gas; and deriving from the acid gas: one or both of ammonium sulfate; and net tail gas that meets a discharge standard.
  • the discharge standard may be a standard defined in the document entitled, “Emission Standard of Pollutants for Petroleum Refining Industry,” published as China, GB31570-2015, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • the discharge standard may be a standard defined in the document entitled, “Emission Standard of Pollutants for Petroleum Chemistry Industry,” published as China, GB31571-2015, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • the deriving may include: one or both of recovering sulfur from the acid gas to produce sulfur-recovered tail gas; and, then, incinerating the sulfur-recovered gas.
  • the deriving may include producing sulfuric acid from the acid gas.
  • the deriving may include incinerating.
  • the method may include channeling the acid gas from a petrochemical chemical reaction.
  • the method may include channeling the acid gas from a natural gas chemical reaction.
  • the method may include channeling the acid gas from a coal chemical reaction.
  • the deriving may include generating catalytic cracking regeneration flue gas.
  • the acid tail gas may include the regeneration flue gas.
  • the deriving may include adjusting an enthalpy value of acid tail gas.
  • the deriving may include passing adjusted tail gas through one or more of: a cooling stage, an absorption stage, and a water-washing stage, all in an ammonia circulation desulfurization reactor.
  • the adjusting may include changing a temperature of the acid tail gas.
  • the adjusting may include changing a humidity of the acid tail gas.
  • the adjusting may include changing a temperature of the acid tail gas.
  • the adjusting may include removing sulfur from the acid tail gas.
  • the adjusting may include removing dust from the acid tail gas.
  • the adjusting may include removing an impurity from the acid tail gas.
  • the adjusting may adjust the value to 60-850 kJ/kg dry gas.
  • the adjusting may adjust the value to 80-680 kJ/kg dry gas.
  • the adjusting may adjust the value to 100-450 kJ/kg dry gas.
  • the recovering may include flowing the acid gas through a Claus sulfur recovery system having 1 stage.
  • the recovering may include flowing the acid gas through a Claus sulfur recovery system having 2 stages.
  • the recovering may include flowing the acid gas through a Claus sulfur recovery system having 3 stages.
  • the recovering may include flowing the acid gas through a liquid-phase catalytic oxidation sulfur recovery system.
  • the recovering may include flowing the acid gas through a biological sulfur recovery system.
  • the recovering may include flowing the acid gas through a SuperClaus sulfur recovery system.
  • the recovering may include flowing the acid gas through a EuroClaus sulfur recovery system.
  • the recovering further includes flowing the acid gas through a biological sulfur recovery system.
  • the recovering may include flowing the acid gas through a liquid-phase catalytic oxidation sulfur recovery system.
  • the sulfuric acid production may include wet sulfuric acid production.
  • the sulfuric acid production may include dry sulfuric acid production.
  • the recovering may include producing sulfur-recovered gas having a molar ratio H 2 S/SO 2 in the range 1.2-3.
  • the molar ratio may be in the range 1.5-2.5.
  • the incinerating may be performed at a temperature in the range 600° C.-1,300° C.
  • the incinerating may produce an acid tail gas.
  • the sulfur-recovered tail gas may have a residence time in the range 1 to 6 s.
  • the acid tail gas may have an oxygen content in the range 2%-5%.
  • the acid tail gas may have a sulfur oxide content in the range 2,000 mg/Nm 3 to 150,000 mg/Nm 3 .
  • the incinerating may be performed at a temperature in the range 650° C. to 950° C.
  • the sulfur-recovered tail may have a residence time in the range 1.5 to 4 s.
  • the acid tail gas may have an oxygen content in the range 3%-4%.
  • the acid tail gas may have a sulfur oxide content in the range 5,000 mg/Nm 3 to 55,000 mg/Nm 3 .
  • the method may include producing an acid tail gas having a sulfur oxide content in the range 2,000 mg/Nm 3 to 150,000 mg/Nm 3 .
  • the incinerating may be performed at a temperature in the range 600° C.-1,300° C.
  • the incinerating may produce the acid tail gas.
  • the method may include incinerating sulfur-recovered tail gas having an incineration residence time in the range 1 to 6 s.
  • the acid tail gas may have an oxygen content in the range 2%-5%.
  • the incinerating may be performed at a temperature in the range 650° C. to 950° C.
  • the sulfur-recovered tail gas may have a residence time in the range 1.5 to 4 s.
  • the acid tail gas may have an oxygen content in the range 3%-4%.
  • the acid tail gas may have a sulfur oxide content in the range 5,000 mg/Nm 3 to 55,000 mg/Nm 3 .
  • the method may include producing an acid tail gas having an oxygen content in the range 2%-5%.
  • the acid tail gas may have a sulfur oxide content in the range 2,000 mg/Nm 3 to 150,000 mg/Nm 3 .
  • the incinerating may be performed at a temperature in the range 600° C.-1,300° C.
  • the incinerating may produce the acid tail gas.
  • the sulfur-recovered tail gas may have a residence time in the range 1 to 6 s.
  • the incinerating may be performed at a temperature in the range 650° C. to 950° C.
  • the sulfur-recovered tail gas may have a residence time in the range 1.5 to 4 s.
  • the acid tail gas may have an oxygen content in the range 3%-4%.
  • the acid tail gas may have a sulfur oxide content in the range 5,000 mg/Nm 3 to 55,000 mg/Nm 3 .
  • the sulfur-recovered tail gas may have a residence time in the range 1 to 6 s.
  • the method may include producing acid tail gas having an oxygen content in the range 2%-5%.
  • the method may include producing acid tail having a sulfur oxide content in the range 2,000 mg/Nm 3 to 150,000 mg/Nm 3 .
  • the incinerating may be performed at a temperature in the range 600° C.-1,300° C.
  • the incinerating may produce the acid tail gas.
  • the incinerating may be performed at a temperature in the range 650° C. to 950° C.
  • the sulfur-recovered tail gas may have a residence time in the range 1.5 to 4 s.
  • the acid tail gas may have an oxygen content in the range 3%-4%.
  • the acid tail gas may have a sulfur oxide content in the range 5,000 mg/Nm 3 to 55,000 mg/Nm 3 .
  • the deriving may include reducing a suspended matter content of an ammonia desulfurization circulating absorption liquid to no greater than 200 mg/L.
  • the deriving may include reducing an oil content of an ammonia desulfurization circulating absorption liquid to no greater than 100 mg/L.
  • the deriving may include reducing an oil content of an ammonia desulfurization circulating absorption liquid to no greater than 100 mg/L.
  • the adjusting may produce adjusted tail gas having an organic matter content not greater than 30 ppm.
  • the adjusting may produce adjusted tail gas having an elementary sulfur and hydrogen sulfide content not greater than 30.
  • the adjusting may produce adjusted tail gas having an organic matter content not greater than 10 ppm.
  • the adjusting may produce adjusted tail gas having an elementary sulfur and hydrogen sulfide content not greater than 10 ppm.
  • the acid gas may be treated by sulfur recovery plus incineration or sulfuric acid production or incineration, or directly by catalytic cracking catalyst regeneration process to obtain acid tail gas.
  • the acid tail gas may be fed into the regulatory system to adjust the enthalpy value of the tail gas to be within the range of 60-850 kJ/kg dry gas, for example, 80-680 kJ/kg dry gas, or 100-450 kJ/kg dry gas.
  • Acid tail gas meeting a selected enthalpy criterion may be fed into the ammonia desulfurization process for treatment, to achieve the purpose that net tail gas meets a discharge standard through multi-stage circulating absorption.
  • Some embodiments may omit features shown and/or described in connection with the illustrative apparatus. Some embodiments may include features that are neither shown nor described in connection with the illustrative apparatus. Features of illustrative apparatus and methods may be combined. For example, one illustrative embodiment may include features shown in connection with another illustrative embodiment.
  • illustrative methods may be performed in an order other than the order shown and/or described herein. Some embodiments may omit steps shown and/or described in connection with the illustrative methods. Some embodiments may include steps that are neither shown nor described in connection with the illustrative methods. Illustrative method steps may be combined. For example, one illustrative method may include steps shown in connection with another illustrative method.
  • Embodiments may involve some or all of the features of the illustrative apparatus and/or some or all of the steps of the illustrative methods.
  • FIGS. show illustrative features of apparatus and method steps in accordance with the principles of the invention. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that structural, functional and procedural modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.
  • Acid gas 1 derived from petrochemical industry was used.
  • the acid gas 1 was passed through a sulfur recovery system 2 to obtain sulfur-recovered tail gas 6 , and then passed through an incineration system 5 to obtain acid tail gas 6 (pre-treatment system).
  • the enthalpy value of the acid tail gas was adjusted by a regulatory system 7 , and then the adjusted tail gas 8 was fed into an ammonia desulfurization system 10 to which ammonia 9 was introduced.
  • the multi-stage circulating absorption of the ammonia desulfurization system 10 included a 1-stage cooling cycle, a 2-stage SO 2 absorption cycle, and a 2-stage water-washing cycle.
  • the adjusting system 7 herein as shown in FIG. 3 included an impurity removal apparatus 17 , a cooling apparatus 14 , a dehumidifying apparatus 15 , and a sulfur removal device 16 which were connected successively.
  • the organic matter content of the acid tail gas was reduced to 4.5 ppm or lower by the impurity removal apparatus 17 , the enthalpy value of the acid tail gas 6 was further adjusted to 600-810 kJ/kg dry gas through the cooling apparatus 14 , and then the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas with a low water vapor content was supplemented through the dehumidifying apparatus 15 to further adjust the enthalpy value of the acid tail gas 6 to 410-505 kJ/kg dry gas. Then, the elementary sulfur and hydrogen sulfide content of the adjusted tail gas 8 was controlled to 3 ppm or lower by adsorbing sulfur and hydrogen sulfide in the tail gas through the adsorption sulfur-removal apparatus 16 .
  • the hydrogen sulfide content of the acid gas 1 was 75%, and the rest were nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide; and the sulfur recovery system 2 adopted the air-method 2-stage Claus sulfur recovery process.
  • the molar ratio of H 2 S/SO 2 in the sulfur-recovered tail gas 4 was controlled at 1.4-2.2, the incineration temperature of the incineration system 5 was 750° C.-810° C., the residence time was 2-2.8 s, the oxygen content of the acid tail gas was 2.8%, and the sulfur oxide content was 22,400 mg/Nm 3 .
  • the flow rate of the acid gas 1 was 8,100 Nm 3 /h, the sulfur recovery rate was 93.6%, the annual operating time was 8,400 h, 68,200 tons of sulfur 3 per year and 19,000 tons of ammonium sulfate 11 per year were obtained, and the ammonia recovery rate was 99.1%.
  • the apparatus for carrying out the above-mentioned treatment method in this example comprises an acid gas pre-treatment system (sulfur recovery system plus incineration system), a regulatory system, and an ammonia desulfurization system which are connected successively.
  • acid gas pre-treatment system sulfur recovery system plus incineration system
  • regulatory system regulatory system
  • ammonia desulfurization system which are connected successively.
  • the sulfur recovery system included a blower apparatus, a thermal reaction apparatus and a 2-stage Claus catalytic reaction apparatus.
  • the regulatory system included the impurity removal apparatus, cooling apparatus, dehumidifying apparatus and desulfurization apparatus which were connected successively.
  • the impurity removal apparatus was a catalytic oxidation apparatus
  • the desulfurization apparatus was an activated carbon adsorption apparatus
  • the cooling apparatus was a one-stage waste heat recovery, with the by-product of 0.3-0.5 MPa saturated steam
  • the dehumidifying apparatus was connected to a carbon dioxide gas source.
  • the apparatus included an absorption liquid treatment system, which included a concentration circulating tank, a solid-liquid separation apparatus, and a drying apparatus.
  • the ammonia desulfurization system adopted a saturated crystallization process in the tower.
  • the amount of the adjusted tail gas was 68,450 Nm 3 /h (standard state, wet base, actual oxygen), the SO 2 concentration was 16,100 mg/Nm 3 , the tower had a diameter of 3.2 m and a height of 42 m, the sulfur dioxide content of the net tail gas was 32.4 mg/Nm 3 , the free ammonia was 1.3 mg/Nm 3 , and the total dust was 9.5 mg/Nm 3 .
  • Acid gas 1 derived from natural gas chemical industry was used.
  • the acid gas 1 was passed through a sulfuric acid production system 13 to obtain sulfuric acid 3 and acid tail gas 6 , and then the enthalpy value of the acid tail gas was adjusted by a regulatory system 7 .
  • the adjusted tail gas was fed into the ammonia desulfurization system 10 to which ammonia 9 was added.
  • the multi-stage circulating absorption of the ammonia desulfurization system 10 included a 1-stage cooling cycle, a 1-stage SO 2 absorption cycle, and a 1-stage water-washing cycle.
  • the regulatory system 7 was a water vapor addition apparatus, and the enthalpy value of the acid tail gas 6 was adjusted to 320-410 kJ/kg dry gas by adding water vapor.
  • the hydrogen sulfide content was 45%
  • the CO 2 content was 30%
  • the rest were nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane.
  • the sulfuric acid production system 13 adopted a wet sulfuric acid production process.
  • the sulfur oxide content in the acid tail gas was 5,350 mg/Nm 3 .
  • the flow rate of the acid gas 1 was 7,200 Nm 3 /h, the sulfuric acid recovery rate was 98%, the annual operating time was 8,400 h, and 119,000 tons of sulfuric acid 3 per year and 3,200 tons of ammonium sulfate 11 per year were obtained, and the ammonia recovery rate was 99.4%.
  • the apparatus for carrying out the above-mentioned method included a wet sulfuric acid production system, a regulatory system and an ammonia desulfurization system which were connected successively.
  • the wet sulfuric acid production system included an incineration apparatus, a conversion apparatus and a condensing apparatus.
  • the regulatory system included a water vapor addition apparatus.
  • the apparatus included an absorption liquid treatment system, which included a solid-liquid separation apparatus, a drying apparatus.
  • the ammonia desulfurization system adopted a saturated crystallization process in the tower.
  • the amount of the adjusted tail gas was 38,450 Nm 3 /h (standard state, wet base, actual oxygen), the SO 2 concentration was 4,830 mg/Nm 3 , the tower had a diameter of 2.6 m and a height of 33 m, the sulfur dioxide content of the net tail gas was 16.8 mg/Nm 3 , the free ammonia content was 0.6 mg/Nm 3 , and the total dust was 4.5 mg/Nm 3 .
  • Acid tail gas derived from a petrochemical catalytic cracking catalyst regeneration was used.
  • the enthalpy value of the acid tail gas was adjusted by a regulatory system, and then the acid tail gas was fed into an ammonia desulfurization system.
  • the multi-stage circulating absorption of the ammonia desulfurization system included a 2-stage washing cycle, a 1-stage SO 2 absorption cycle, and a 1-stage water-washing cycle.
  • the regulatory system was a cooling apparatus, a dust removal apparatus and an impurity removal apparatus.
  • the organic matter content was reduced to 6.2 ppm or less by the impurity removal apparatus.
  • the enthalpy value of the acid tail gas was further adjusted to 370-408 kJ/kg dry gas through the cooling apparatus. Then the total dust content was reduced to 20-30 mg/Nm 3 by the dust removal apparatus.
  • the flow rate of the acid tail gas was 210,000 Nm 3 /h, the sulfur oxide content was 2,350 mg/Nm 3 , and the total dust content was 100-230 mg/Nm 3 .
  • the annual operating time was 8,400 h, 4,100 tons of ammonium sulfate per year were obtained after the treatment of the ammonia desulfurization system, and the ammonia recovery rate was 99.3%.
  • the apparatus for carrying out the above-mentioned method included a catalytic cracking catalyst regeneration system, and the regulatory system and ammonia desulfurization system connected successively.
  • the regulatory system included a cooling apparatus, a dust removal apparatus, and an impurity removal apparatus.
  • the apparatus included an absorption liquid treatment system, which included an evaporation crystallization apparatus, a solid-liquid separation apparatus, and a drying apparatus.
  • the absorption liquid treatment system included a solution purification apparatus.
  • the solution purification apparatus included an oil removal apparatus and a suspended matter removal apparatus, which were configured to form a circulating absorption liquid with an oil content of ⁇ 80 mg/L and a suspended matter content of ⁇ 120 mg/L.
  • the oil removal apparatus was an air flotation apparatus plus precision filtration apparatus, and the suspended matter removal apparatus was a press filtration apparatus such as a plate and frame filter press.
  • the oil removal apparatus is connected to the incineration system, and the waste oil was completely incinerated into water, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the incineration system.
  • the absorption tower had a diameter of 6 m and a height of 32 m, the sulfur dioxide content of the net tail gas was 23.3 mg/Nm 3 , the free ammonia content was 0.75 mg/Nm 3 , and the total dust was 14.5 mg/Nm 3 .
  • Example 1 was repeated except that the acid tail gas was not adjusted by the regulatory system 7 , but the acid tail gas that had been subjected to one-stage waste heat recovery was directly fed into the ammonia desulfurization system.
  • the parameters of the tail gas entering the ammonia desulfurization system and the operation effects are compared as follows:
  • Example 1 1 Enthalpy value of the kJ/kg 410-505 910-1000 tail gas 2 Organic matter content ppm 4.5 37 of the tail gas 3 Sulfur and sulfide ppm 3 42 content of the tail gas 4 Absorption temperature ° C. 50-57 70-85 5 Sulfur dioxide content of mg/Nm 3 32.4 123 the net tail gas 6 Free ammonia content of mg/Nm 3 1.3 26.8 the net tail gas 7 Total dust content of mg/Nm 3 9.5 47.9 the net tail gas 8 Ammonia recovery rate % 99.1 94.3 of the ammonia desulfurization system
  • Example 2 was repeated except that the acid tail gas was not adjusted by the regulatory system 7 , but the acid tail gas was directly fed into the ammonia desulfurization system.
  • the parameters of the tail gas entering the ammonia desulfurization system and the operation effects are compared as follows:
  • Example 2 1 Enthalpy value of the kJ/kg 320-410 30-52 tail gas 2 Absorption temperature ° C. 47-50 30-35 3 Sulfur dioxide content of mg/Nm 3 16.8 37 the net tail gas 4 Free ammonia content of mg/Nm 3 0.6 4.8 the net tail gas 5 Total dust content of mg/Nm 3 4.5 18.3 the net tail gas 6 Ammonia recovery rate % 99.4 97.2 of the ammonia desulfurization system
  • Example 3 was repeated except that the acid tail gas was not adjusted by the regulatory system, but the acid tail gas of the catalytic cracking catalyst regeneration system that had been subjected to waste heat recovery and denitrification was directly fed into the ammonia desulfurization system.
  • the parameters of the tail gas entering the ammonia desulfurization system and the operation effects are compared as follows:
  • Example 3 1 Enthalpy value of the kJ/kg 370-408 930-1150 tail gas 2 Organic matter content ppm ⁇ 6.2 18.9 of the tail gas 3 Total dust content of mg/Nm 3 20-30 150-300 the tail gas 4 Absorption temperature ° C. 47.5-49.8 80-90 5 Sulfur dioxide content of mg/Nm 3 23.3 169 the net tail gas 6 Free ammonia content of mg/Nm 3 0.75 33.7 the net tail gas 7 Total dust content of mg/Nm 3 14.5 102 the net tail gas 8 Ammonia recovery rate % 99.3 91.3 of the ammonia desulfurization system
  • (A) A method for treating acid gas, wherein the ammonia desulfurization process is used to treat acid tail gas, thereby achieving the purpose that net tail gas meets the discharge standard through multi-stage circulating absorption.
  • (B) The method of (A), wherein the acid tail gas comprises the tail gas obtained after treating the petrochemical, natural gas chemical, and coal chemical acid gas with a process such as sulfur recovery plus incineration, sulfuric acid production, and incineration.
  • (D) The method of any one of (B)-(C), wherein the enthalpy value of the acid tail gas is first adjusted by a regulatory system, and then the acid tail gas is fed into a subsequent ammonia desulfurization process.
  • E) The method of (A), wherein the multi-stage circulating absorption comprises a cooling cycle, an absorption cycle, and a water-washing cycle.
  • F) The method of (D), wherein the regulatory system comprises a temperature adjustment unit and/or a humidity adjustment unit, or both a temperature adjustment unit and a humidity adjustment unit.
  • the regulatory system further comprises one or more of a sulfur removal unit, a dust removal unit, and an impurity removal unit.
  • a sulfur recovery process such as a 1 to 3-stage Claus sulfur recovery process, a SuperClaus sulfur recovery process, an EuroClaus sulfur recovery process, a liquid-phase catalytic oxidation sulfur recovery process or a biological sulfur recovery process
  • the sulfuric acid production process is performed with a wet sulfuric acid production process or
  • a apparatus for treating acid gas comprising an acid gas pre-treatment system and an ammonia desulfurization system.
  • the pre-treatment system comprises a sulfur recovery system plus incineration system, a sulfuric acid production system, an incineration system, and a catalytic cracking catalyst regeneration system.
  • the sulfur recovery system comprises a 1 to 3-stage Claus sulfur recovery system, a SuperClaus sulfur recovery system, an EuroClaus sulfur recovery system, a liquid-phase catalytic oxidation sulfur recovery system and biological sulfur recovery system.
  • S The apparatus of (Q), wherein the regulatory system further comprises one or more of a sulfur removal apparatus, a dust removal apparatus, and an impurity removal apparatus.
  • T The apparatus of (S), wherein the acid gas pre-treatment system, the regulatory system, and the ammonia desulfurization system are connected successively, the acid gas pre-treatment system includes a sulfur recovery system plus incineration system; and the regulatory system includes a temperature regulating apparatus, a humidity regulating apparatus and a sulfur removal apparatus that are connected successively.
  • (Y) The apparatus of (W), wherein the oil removal apparatus is an air flotation apparatus, an adsorption apparatus or a precision filtration apparatus, or a combination thereof.
  • (Z) The apparatus of (Y), wherein the oil removal apparatus is configured to form a circulating absorption liquid with an oil content of ⁇ 100 mg/L, for example, 10-80 mg/L or 20-30 mg/L.
  • (AA) The apparatus of any one of (V)-(Z), wherein the oil removal apparatus is connected to the incineration system.
US16/191,852 2018-07-20 2018-11-15 Acid gas treatment Abandoned US20200023310A1 (en)

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AU2019303489A AU2019303489B2 (en) 2018-07-20 2019-02-20 Acid gas treatment
MYPI2020001920A MY195464A (en) 2018-07-20 2019-02-20 Acid Gas Treatment
MA049413A MA49413A (fr) 2018-07-20 2019-03-18 Traitement de gaz acide
EP19163406.2A EP3597286A1 (en) 2018-07-20 2019-03-18 Acid gas treatment
SG10201902768QA SG10201902768QA (en) 2018-07-20 2019-03-28 Acid gas treatment
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JP2019082510A JP7075910B2 (ja) 2018-07-20 2019-04-24 酸性ガス処理
BR102019008222A BR102019008222A2 (pt) 2018-07-20 2019-04-24 tratamento de gás ácido
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CL2019001432A CL2019001432A1 (es) 2018-07-20 2019-05-27 Tratamiento de gas ácido.
TW108125105A TWI751430B (zh) 2018-07-20 2019-07-16 酸性氣處理
US16/740,917 US10953365B2 (en) 2018-07-20 2020-01-13 Acid gas treatment
US17/136,214 US11529584B2 (en) 2018-07-20 2020-12-29 Acid gas treatment
IL280097A IL280097A (en) 2018-07-20 2021-01-11 Acid gas treatment
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