CN1164480C - 利用含硫化氢的酸性气体与硫磺联合制取高浓度硫酸 - Google Patents
利用含硫化氢的酸性气体与硫磺联合制取高浓度硫酸 Download PDFInfo
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- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
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- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 title 1
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- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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Abstract
本发明属环境保护技术领域,适用于合成氨工业、石油化工、炼焦化工等行业产生的含有硫化氢的酸性气体的处理。含硫化氢的气体经燃烧、降温、除雾后与空气一起进入干燥循环系统脱除水分,再与硫磺一起燃烧,生成二氧化硫炉气,该炉气经降温等处理后去转化系统转化成三氧化硫,用硫酸吸收掉气体中的三氧化硫后再去进行二次转化,再用硫酸吸收掉气体中的三氧化硫,然后气体达标排放,三氧化硫被吸收后生成浓度78%~108%的硫酸。本发明不仅杜绝了硫化氢对环境的污染,而且充分利用了硫化氢资源,热量回收充分,设备腐蚀性小,工艺连续稳定,安全性好。所得硫酸产品质量好、浓度高、应用广泛。
Description
技术领域:本发明属环境保护技术领域,具体涉及利用含硫化氢的酸性气体与硫磺联合制取高浓度硫酸的方法。
背景技术:与本发明相关的技术有:
1.CN1163858,从含硫化氢气体中回收硫磺的工艺,该方法将硫化氢回收为硫磺,目前该技术存在以下一些问题:a.尾气排放不达标。b.运行成本高。c.装置投资大。
2.CN1077433,硫酸生产的冷凝成酸工艺,目前该技术存在如下问题:a.设备腐蚀严重。b.湿法转化制酸部分只能采用一转一吸,硫利用率低,必须采用尾气吸收装置,否则不能达到环保要求c.制得的酸产品浓度有限制,一般酸浓度不能超过97%。
发明内容:本发明的目的是提供一种对合成氨工业、石油化工和炼焦化工等行业产生的含有硫化氢的酸性气体进行处理并生产高浓度硫酸的方法。
本发明主要包括以下连续工艺步骤:
①将含硫化氢酸性气体与空气在硫化氢燃烧炉中一起燃烧,燃烧温度500℃-1300℃,生成含二氧化硫的高温烟气,用换热设备移热、降温,使气体温度为150℃-450℃,再将气体进行增湿、移热和酸雾脱除处理,然后与空气一起进入干燥循环系统,用78%-98%的硫酸进行干燥;
②干燥后的气体经换热设备换热升温到100℃-500℃后,进入焚硫炉与硫磺一起燃烧,生成二氧化硫炉气,燃烧温度为500℃-1300℃,燃烧后焚硫炉出口烟气中氧气与二氧化硫的摩尔数比为0.7-1.5;
③含有二氧化硫的炉气经降温处理后去转化系统转化成三氧化硫,在第一吸收循环系统中用硫酸吸收掉气体中的三氧化硫后气体再去转化系统进行二次转化,使二氧化硫尽量转化成三氧化硫,再在第二吸收循环系统中用硫酸吸收掉气体中的三氧化硫,其中二氧化硫含量小于960mg/Nm3的气体达标排放;
④三氧化硫被吸收后生成浓度78%~108%的浓硫酸,生成硫酸需要的工艺水主要由步骤①中硫化氢燃烧后烟气中的水分来补充,不足部分由系统外补充,全系统无废水排放。
本发明在对含硫化氢的酸性气体处理时具有这样的特点:a.制酸部分可以采用两转两吸工艺,硫利用率高,不需采用尾气吸收装置就能达到环保要求,制得的酸产品浓度为78%-108%。b.运行成本低。c.装置投资小。d.操作简便。e.设备腐蚀不严重。
本发明不仅杜绝了硫化氢对环境的污染,而且充分利用了硫化氢资源,热量回收充分,设备腐蚀性小,工艺连续稳定,安全性好。所得硫酸产品质量好、浓度高、应用广泛。本发明对硫化氢的处理方法是绿色环保工艺,全系统无废水、废渣产生,处理后的尾气达标排放。
附图说明:附图1为本发明工艺流程示意图。
流程说明如下:合成氨工业、石油化工、炼焦化工等行业产生的含有硫化氢的酸性气体在主鼓风机抽气时,硫化氢燃烧炉内是负压操作,硫化氢进入燃烧炉,与空气一起在燃烧炉内燃烧,燃烧温度控制在500℃-1300℃,经换热设备降温到150℃-450℃,进入绝热、增湿、降温设备,除去30-80%的酸雾,含有饱和水蒸气的烟气进入洗涤塔,进一步降温和除雾,以10℃-50℃进入电除雾器,经除雾后气体进入干燥循环系统。
主要反应是:
硫磺在焚硫炉内与含SO2的空气一起燃烧,温度500℃-1300℃,经换热设备降温到催化剂起燃温度之上,进入转化器进行转化。
主要反应是:
自换热设备来的工艺气进入转化系统,经第一次转化,工艺气体中大部分二氧化硫转化成三氧化硫,用硫酸吸收掉其中的三氧化硫后,工艺气体预热至一定的温度再次进入转化系统进行二次转化后,再用硫酸吸收工艺气体的三氧化硫。工艺气体中的三氧化硫被吸收生成浓度高、品质好的硫酸产品。最终外排的尾气中SO2含量低,达到GB16297-1996排放标准。
主要反应是:
具体实施方式:
实施例:下面结合附图及实施例对本发明加以详细描述。
石油化工生产过程中产生的含有硫化氢的酸性气体,气体成分为:H2S32%;CO265%;N2 3%,气量6300Nm3/h。在主鼓风机抽气时,硫化氢燃烧炉内是负压操作,含有硫化氢的酸性气体进入燃烧炉,与空气一起在燃烧炉内燃烧,经换热设备降温,进入绝热、增湿、降温设备,除去50%的酸雾,含有饱和水蒸气的烟气进入洗涤塔,进一步降温和除雾,以38℃进入电除雾器,经除雾后气体进入干燥循环系统。
自干燥循环系统来的气体被加热后进入焚硫炉,与硫磺一起在焚硫炉内燃烧,硫磺量为6.115t/h,经换热设备降温到催化剂起燃温度之上,进入转化器进行转化。
自换热设备来的工艺气进入转化系统,经第一次转化,工艺气体中94%的二氧化硫转化成三氧化硫,用98%硫酸吸收掉其中的三氧化硫后,工艺气体预热到催化剂起燃温度之上,再次进入转化系统进行二次转化后,再用98%硫酸吸收工艺气体的三氧化硫。工艺气体中的三氧化硫被吸收生成98%硫酸产品,产量27.5t/h。最终外排的尾气中SO2含量低,达到GB16297-1996排放标准。
Claims (1)
1.利用含硫化氢的酸性气体与硫磺联合制取高浓度硫酸的方法,其特征在于它主要包括以下连续工艺流程步骤:
①将含硫化氢酸性气体与空气在硫化氢燃烧炉中一起燃烧,燃烧温度500℃-1300℃,生成含二氧化硫的高温烟气,用换热设备移热、降温,使气体温度为150℃-450℃,再将气体进行增湿、移热和酸雾脱除处理,然后与空气一起进入干燥循环系统,用78%-98%的硫酸进行干燥;
②干燥后的气体经换热设备换热升温到100℃-500℃后,进入焚硫炉与硫磺一起燃烧,生成二氧化硫炉气,燃烧温度为500℃-1300℃,燃烧后焚硫炉出口烟气中氧气与二氧化硫的摩尔数比为0.7-1.5;
③含有二氧化硫的炉气经降温处理后去转化系统转化成三氧化硫,在第一吸收循环系统中用硫酸吸收掉气体中的三氧化硫后气体再去转化系统进行二次转化,使二氧化硫尽量转化成三氧化硫,再在第二吸收循环系统中用硫酸吸收掉气体中的三氧化硫,其中二氧化硫含量小于960mg/Nm3的气体达标排放;
④三氧化硫被吸收后生成浓度78%~108%的浓硫酸,生成硫酸需要的工艺水主要由步骤①中硫化氢燃烧后烟气中的水分来补充,不足部分由系统外补充,全系统无废水排放。
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