CN104853704A - 具有通道的吸收制品 - Google Patents
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- A61F13/494—Absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers characterised by edge leakage prevention means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
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- A61F13/536—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad inhomogeneous in the plane of the pad, e.g. core absorbent layers being of different sizes having discontinuous areas of compression
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/539—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
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Abstract
本公开部分涉及一种吸收制品,该吸收制品包括至少部分地设置在顶片和底片中间的吸收芯和封闭吸收材料的芯包裹物。芯包裹物包含第一材料和第二材料。第一材料形成至少部分地围绕第二材料的C-包裹物。吸收材料包含按吸收材料的重量计至少80%的超吸收聚合物。吸收芯包括通道,该通道基本上不含超吸收聚合物,至少部分地在制品的纵向上取向并且包括弧形部分。该通道具有平行于制品的侧向轴线获得的侧向宽度。该通道在沿着纵向轴线获得的通道的至少50mm纵向长度上的侧向宽度的曲线图是基本上恒定的。
Description
技术领域
本公开整体涉及用于个人卫生的吸收制品,诸如婴儿尿布、训练裤、成人失禁产品、和/或卫生巾。吸收制品可各自包括通道和/或凹坑。
背景技术
用于个人卫生的吸收制品诸如用于婴儿的一次性尿布、用于幼儿的训练裤、成人失禁内衣和/或卫生巾被设计成吸收和容纳身体流出物,具体地为大量的尿液或经液。这些吸收制品包括若干提供不同功能的层,例如,顶片、底片和设置在顶片和底片之间的吸收芯,以及其它层。
吸收芯的功能是为了长时间地吸收并保持流出物例如尿布过夜使用、最小化回渗以保持穿着者干燥并避免弄脏衣服或床单。大部分当前市售的吸收制品包含作为吸收材料的粉碎的木浆与呈颗粒形式的超吸收聚合物(SAP)的共混物,也被称为吸收胶凝材料(AGM)。也已经提出具有基本上由作为吸收材料的SAP组成的芯(所谓的“不含透气毡”的芯)的吸收制品,但是与传统的混合芯相比更少见。
一些吸收制品通常可包括腿箍,其提供液体和其它身体流出物的改善的抑制性。腿箍也可称为腿围、侧翼、阻隔箍、或弹性箍。通常每个腿箍包括一个或多个弹性带或包括在尿布的基础结构中,例如在腿部开口区域的顶片和底片之间的元件,用于在使用吸收制品时提供有效的密封。与吸收制品的基础结构基本上处于平面的这些弹性化元件在本文将称为衬圈箍。腿箍还通常包括凸起的弹性化翼,本文称为阻隔腿箍,其改善流体在腿-躯干关节区域中的抑制性。
吸收制品大体具有高吸收容量并且吸收芯可将其重量和体积扩大若干倍。这些增加可导致吸收制品在裆区松垂,因为它们变得被液体饱和,这可导致阻隔腿箍部分地丧失与穿着者皮肤的接触。这可导致阻隔腿箍的功能性丧失,渗漏的可能性增大。
尽管已提出针对这个问题的各种解决方案,但是本领域可受益于改善吸收制品的渗漏防止的另外的通道和/或凹坑构型。
发明内容
在一个实施例中,本公开部分涉及一种吸收制品,该吸收制品可包括前腰边缘或前边缘、与前腰边缘纵向相对的后腰边缘或后边缘、第一侧边、与第一侧边侧向相对的第二侧边、从前腰边缘的中点延伸至后腰边缘的中点的纵向轴线、以及从第一侧边的中点延伸至第二侧边的中点的侧向轴线。吸收制品还可包括液体可透过的顶片、液体不可透过的底片、以及在纵向轴线的相对侧上至少部分地在前腰边缘和后腰边缘之间延伸的一对阻隔腿箍。每个阻隔腿箍可包括接合到顶片或底片的近侧边缘和游离端边。吸收制品还可包括至少部分地设置在顶片和底片中间的吸收芯,并且可包括封闭吸收材料的芯包裹物。芯包裹物可包含第一材料和第二材料。第一材料可形成至少部分地围绕第二材料的C-包裹物。吸收材料可包含按吸收材料的重量计至少80%的超吸收聚合物。吸收芯可包括通道,该通道基本上不含超吸收聚合物,至少部分地在制品的纵向上取向并且包括弧形部分。通道具有平行于侧向轴线获得的侧向宽度。通道在沿着纵向轴线获得的通道的至少50mm纵向长度上的侧向宽度的曲线图可为基本上恒定的。其它实施例也在本公开的范围内,包括卫生巾的实施例。
附图说明
通过参考以下结合附图所作的对本公开的非限制性实施例的描述,本公开的上述和其它特征和优点以及获得它们的方式将变得更加显而易见,并且将会更好地理解本公开自身,其中:
图1为根据本公开的非限制性实施例的将一些层部分移除的吸收制品的顶视图;
图2为根据本公开的非限制性实施例的围绕图1的线2—2获得的吸收制品的剖面图;
图3为根据本公开的非限制性实施例的图2的吸收制品的视图,其中吸收制品已负载有流体;
图4为根据本公开的非限制性实施例的将一些层部分移除的另一个吸收制品的顶视图;
图5为根据本公开的非限制性实施例的围绕图4的线5—5获得的吸收制品的剖面图;
图6为根据本公开的非限制性实施例的将一些层部分移除的图4的吸收制品的吸收芯的顶视图;
图7为根据本公开的非限制性实施例的围绕图6的线7—7获得的吸收芯的剖面图;
图8为根据本公开的非限制性实施例的围绕图6的线8—8获得的吸收芯的剖面图;
图9为根据本公开的非限制性实施例的吸收制品的吸收芯的顶视图;
图10为根据本公开的非限制性实施例的图9的两个通道的侧向宽度的总和针对封闭区“EA”内通道的纵向长度作图的曲线图;
图11为根据本公开的非限制性实施例的图1的通道的部分的侧向宽度的总和针对图1的线A和B之间的通道的纵向长度作图的曲线图;
图12为根据本公开的非限制性实施例的吸收制品的吸收芯的顶视图;
图13为根据本公开的非限制性实施例的图12的通道和凹坑的部分的侧向宽度的总和针对图12的线C和D之间的通道的纵向长度作图的曲线图;
图14-21为根据本公开的各种非限制性实施例的用于吸收制品的吸收芯的顶视图;并且
图22为根据本公开的非限制性实施例的吸收制品的顶视图,该吸收制品为将一些层切除的卫生巾。
具体实施方式
现在将描述本公开的各种非限制性实施例以提供对本文所公开的具有通道构型的吸收制品的结构、功能、制造和应用的原理及其制造方法的总体理解。这些非限制性实施例的一个或多个示例示出于附图中。本领域的普通技术人员将理解,本文所描述的以及附图所示出的具有通道构型的吸收制品及其制造方法均是非限制性的示例性实施例,并且本公开的各种非限制性实施例的范围仅仅由权利要求限定。结合一个非限制性实施例所示或所述的特征可与其它非限制性实施例的特征相组合。此类修改形式和变型旨在被包括在本公开的范围内。
引言
如本文所用,术语“吸收制品”是指紧贴或邻近穿着者的身体以吸收和容纳从身体排出的各种流出物的一次性装置,诸如婴儿、儿童或成人尿布、训练裤、卫生制品等等。通常,这些制品包括顶片、底片、吸收芯、任选地采集系统(可由一个或若干个层构成)、以及通常地其它部件,其中吸收芯通常至少部分地置于底片和采集系统之间或置于顶片和底片之间。本公开的吸收制品将以胶粘尿布的形式在下面说明书和附图中进一步说明。然而,不应认为该说明限制权利要求的范围。因此,本公开适用于任何合适的吸收制品形式(例如,训练裤、成人失禁产品、卫生巾)。
如本文所用,“非织造纤维网”是指由定向或任意取向的纤维通过摩擦和/或结合和/或粘合而粘结成的、或通过湿磨法而毡化成的人造片、纤维网或毛层,不包括纸张和通过织造、编织、簇成、缝编而组合接结纱或长丝的产品,无论是否附加地缝过。这些纤维可具有天然的或人造的来源,并且可为短纤维或连续长丝或为就地形成的纤维。可商购获得的纤维可具有的直径范围为小于约0.001mm至大于约0.2mm,并且它们可具有几种不同的形式,诸如短纤维(已知为化学短纤维或短切纤维)、连续单纤维(长丝或单丝)、无捻连续长丝束(丝束)和加捻连续长丝束(纱线)。非织造纤维网能够通过许多方法形成,诸如熔喷法、纺粘法、溶液纺丝法、静电纺纱法、粗梳法和气流成网法。非织造纤维网的基重通常用克/平方米(g/m2或gsm)表示。
如本文所用,术语“接合”或“粘结”或“附接”包括通过将元件直接附连到其它元件上而将元件直接固定到另一个元件上的构型,以及通过将元件附连到一个或多个中间构件,中间构件继而附连到另一个元件上,从而将元件间接固定到另一个元件上的构型。
吸收制品的一般说明
根据本公开的处于婴儿尿布形式20的示例性吸收制品在图1-3中示出。图1为处于平展状态的示例性尿布20的平面图,其中部分结构被切除以更清楚地显示尿布20的构造。这一尿布20仅为例证目的示出,因为本公开可用于制造广泛多种尿布或其它吸收制品。
吸收制品可包括液体可透过的顶片24、液体不可透过的底片25、至少部分地定位在顶片24和底片25中间的吸收芯28、以及阻隔腿箍34。吸收制品还可包括采集-分配系统(“ADS”)50,其在所示出的示例中包括分配层54和采集层52,下面将进一步详述。吸收制品还可包括弹性化的衬圈箍32,该弹性化的衬圈箍32通常经由顶片和/或底片接合到吸收制品的基础结构并且与尿布的基础结构基本上处于平面。
附图还示出典型的胶粘尿布部件,诸如扣紧系统,该扣紧系统包括朝向制品的后边缘附接并且与制品前部上的着陆区44相配合的粘合剂插片42。吸收制品还可包括未示出的其它典型的元件,诸如后弹性腰部结构、前弹性腰部结构、一个或多个横向阻隔箍、和/或洗剂应用,例如。
吸收制品20包括前腰边缘10、与前腰边缘10纵向相对的后腰边缘12、第一侧边3、以及与第一侧边3侧向相对的第二侧边4。前腰边缘10为旨在当被穿着时朝向使用者的前部放置的制品边缘,并且后腰边缘12为相对边缘。吸收制品可具有纵向轴线80,该纵向轴线80从前腰边缘10的侧向中点延伸至制品的后腰边缘12的侧向中点并且将制品分成相对于纵向轴线80基本上对称的两半,其中将制品平坦放置并且如在图1中从上方观看。吸收制品还可具有侧向轴线90,该侧向轴线90从第一侧边3的纵向中点延伸至第二侧边4的纵向中点。制品的长度L可沿着纵向轴线80从前腰边缘10至后腰边缘12进行测量。制品的宽度可沿着侧向轴线90从第一侧边3至第二侧边4进行测量。该制品可包括裆点C,该档点C在本文定义为置于纵向轴线上从制品20的前边缘10开始L的五分之二(2/5)距离处的点。制品可包括前腰区5、后腰区6、以及裆区7。前腰区、后腰区、以及裆区各自限定吸收制品的纵向长度的1/3。
顶片24、底片25、吸收芯28和其它制品部件可具体地通过例如胶粘或热压花,以多种构型来组装。示例性尿布构型大体描述于美国专利3,860,003、美国专利5,221,274、美国专利5,554,145、美国专利5,569,234、美国专利5,580,411、以及美国专利6,004,306中。吸收制品可为薄的。制品的档点C或裆区7的厚度可为例如从4.0mm至12.0mm,或者从6.0mm至10.0mm。
吸收芯28可包含吸收材料和封闭超吸收聚合物的芯包裹物,该吸收材料包含至少80重量%、至少90重量%、至少95重量%、或至少99重量%的超吸收聚合物。芯包裹物通常可包含用于芯的顶侧和底侧的两种材料、基底、或非织造材料16和16’。芯可包括一个或多个通道,在图1中示出为四个通道26、26’和27、27’。
现在将更详细地讨论制品的这些和其它部件。
顶片
顶片24是直接接触穿着者皮肤的吸收制品的一部分。如本领域的技术人员所已知的,顶片24可接合到底片25、芯28和/或任何其它层。通常顶片24和底片25彼此在一些位置直接接合(例如在制品周边或靠近制品周边处),并且,通过使它们直接接合制品20的一个或多个其它元件,从而在其它位置间接接合在一起。
顶片24可为柔顺的、感觉柔软的,并且不刺激穿着者的皮肤。另外,顶片24的至少一部分可为液体可透过的,其允许液体容易地穿透其厚度。合适的顶片可由许多各种不同的材料制成,诸如多孔泡沫、网状泡沫、有孔塑料膜、或者天然纤维(例如,木纤维或棉纤维)、合成纤维或长丝(例如,聚酯纤维或聚丙稀纤维或PE/PP双组分纤维或它们的混合物)或天然纤维与合成纤维组合的织造或非织造材料。如果顶片24包括纤维,纤维可为纺粘、梳理成网、湿法成网、熔喷、水刺法、或换句话讲如本领域已知经处理的,具体地为纺粘PP非织造织物。包括短纤维长度聚丙烯纤维的纤维网的合适的顶片由International Paper Company的一个分部Veratec,Inc.(Walpole,MA)制造,商品名为P-8。
合适的成形膜顶片也描述于美国专利3,929,135、美国专利4,324,246、美国专利4,342,314、美国专利4,463,045和美国专利5,006,394中。其它合适的顶片30可根据授予Curro等人的美国专利4,609,518和4,629,643制造。此类成形膜以“DRI-WEAVE”购自Procter&Gamble Company(Cincinnati,Ohio),并以商品名“CLIFF-T”购自总部在Richmond,VA的Tredegar Corporation。
如本领域已知的,顶片24的任何部分均可涂覆有洗剂。合适的洗剂的示例包括描述于美国专利5,607,760、美国专利5,609,587、美国专利5,643,588、美国专利5,968,025和美国专利6,716,441中的那些。顶片24也可包括抗菌剂或用抗菌剂进行处理,一些示例公开于PCT公布WO95/24173中。此外,所述顶片24、所述底片25或所述顶片或底片的任何部分可经压花和/或糙面精整以提供更类似于布料的外观。
顶片24可包括一个或多个孔以便于流出物透过,诸如尿液和/或粪便(固体、半固体、或液体)。至少主孔的尺寸对于获得期望的废物包封性能是重要的。如果主孔太小,废物可不穿过孔,这是由于废物源和孔的位置对齐欠佳,或者由于粪块具有大于孔的直径。如果孔太大,可能被制品的“回渗”污染的皮肤区域增大。通常,尿布表面处的孔的总面积可具有在约10cm2和约50cm2之间,或在约15cm2和35cm2之间的面积。开孔顶片的示例公开于转让给BBA NONWOVENS SIMPSONVILLE的美国专利6632504中。WO2011/163582还公开了合适的着色顶片,其具有12至18gsm的基重并包括多个粘结点。粘结点中的每一个具有2mm2至5mm2的表面积,并且所述多个粘结点的累加表面积为所述顶片总表面积的10至25%。
典型的尿布顶片具有约10至约21gsm或约12至约18gsm的基重,但是其它基重在本公开的范围内。
底片
底片25大体为制品20的邻近吸收芯28的面向衣服的表面定位的部分,该部分防止,或至少抑制其中吸收和容纳的流出物弄脏制品诸如床单和内衣。底片25通常为液体(例如,尿液)不可透过的,或为至少基本上不可透过的。底片可例如为或包括薄塑料膜诸如具有约0.012mm至约0.051mm厚度的热塑性膜。示例性底片膜包括由总部在Richmond,VA的Tredegar Corporation制造的那些,并且它们以商品名CPC2膜出售。其它合适的底片材料可包括允许蒸气从尿布20逸出同时仍然防止或至少抑制流出物穿过底片25的可透气材料。示例性的可透气材料可包括的材料诸如织造纤维网、非织造纤维网、复合材料诸如膜包衣的非织造纤维网、微孔膜诸如Mitsui Toatsu Co.(Japan)以名称ESPOIR NO制造的和由TredegarCorporation(Richmond,VA)制造并以名称EXAIRE出售的、以及单片膜诸如由Clopay Corporation(Cincinnati,OH)以名称HYTREL blend P18-3097制造的。
底片25可通过本领域的技术人员已知的任何附接方法接合到顶片24、吸收芯28、和/或尿布20的任何其它元件。合适的附接方法已在上文相对于用于将顶片24接合到制品20的其它元件上的方法进行了描述。例如,附接方法可包括使用均匀连续的粘合剂层、有图案的粘合剂层或分开的粘合剂线条、螺线或点的阵列。合适的附接方法包括粘合剂细丝的开放的图案网络,如美国专利4,573,986中所公开。其它合适的附接方法包括使用多条扭曲成螺旋图案的粘合剂细丝,如由以下专利中所示的设备和方法示出:美国专利3,911,173、美国专利4,785,996和美国专利4,842,666。由H.B.Fuller Company(St.Paul,Minnesota)制造且以HL-1620和HL1358-XZP出售的粘合剂已被发现为令人满意的。另选地,附接方法可包括使用热粘结、压力粘结、超声粘结、动态力学粘结、或任何其它合适的附接方法或如本领域中的技术人员已知的这些附接方法的组合。
吸收芯
如本文所用,术语“吸收芯”是指制品的具有最大吸收容量并且包含吸收材料和封闭吸收材料的芯包裹物的单个部件。术语“吸收芯”不包括采集-分配系统或层或既不是芯包裹物的整体部分又不置于芯包裹物内的制品的任何其它部件。芯可包括、基本上由以下各项组成、或由以下各项组成:芯包裹物、如下文所定义的吸收材料、以及封闭在芯包裹物内的胶。
本公开的吸收芯28可包含吸收材料,其中大量的超吸收聚合物(本文缩写为“SAP”)封闭在芯包裹物内。SAP含量可表示按包含在芯包裹物中的吸收材料的重量计70%-100%或至少70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%、99%或100%。出于评估SAP占吸收芯的百分比的目的,芯包裹物不被认为是吸收材料。
所谓“吸收材料”是指具有一些吸收特性或液体保持特性的材料,诸如SAP、纤维素纤维以及合成纤维。通常,用于制备吸收芯的胶不具有吸收特性,并且不被认为是吸收材料。SAP含量可高于80%,例如至少85%、至少90%、至少95%、至少99%、并且甚至最高至且包括100%的包含在芯包裹物内的吸收材料的重量。相比于通常包含在40-60%之间的SAP和高含量的纤维素纤维的常规芯,这提供相对薄的芯。吸收材料可具体地包含少于15%或少于10%重量百分比的天然或合成纤维、少于5%重量百分比、少于3%重量百分比、少于2%重量百分比、少于1%重量百分比,或可甚至基本上不含天然和/或合成纤维。吸收材料可有利地包含很少或不包含透气毡(纤维素)纤维,具体地吸收芯可包含按所述吸收芯的重量计,少于15%、10%、5%、3%、2%、1%透气毡(纤维素)纤维,或可甚至基本上不含纤维素纤维。
图4-5的吸收制品的示例性吸收芯28在图6-8中单独示出。吸收芯可包括前侧280、后侧282、以及接合前侧280和后侧282的两个纵向侧284、286。吸收芯还可包括大体为平面的顶侧和大体为平面的底侧。芯的前侧280为旨在朝向吸收制品的前腰边缘10放置的芯的一侧。如在图1的平面视图中从顶部来看时,芯28可具有基本上对应于制品的纵向轴线80的纵向轴线80’。在一个实施例中,吸收材料可以比朝向后侧更高的量朝向前侧分布,因为在具体制品的前部可需要更大的吸收性。在一个实施例中,芯的前侧和后侧可短于芯的纵向侧。芯包裹物可由两种非织造材料、基底、层合物、或其它材料16、16’形成,它们可至少部分地沿着吸收芯的这些侧密封。芯包裹物可至少部分地沿着其前侧280、后侧282和两个纵向侧284、286密封,使得基本上没有吸收材料从吸收芯包裹物中漏出来。第一材料、基底或非织造物16可至少部分地围绕第二材料、基底或非织造物16’,以形成芯包裹物,如图7中所示。第一材料16可围绕第二材料16’邻近第一侧边284和第二侧边286的部分。
本公开的吸收芯可包含粘合剂,例如,以帮助将SAP固定在芯包裹物内和/或以确保芯包裹物的完整性,尤其是当芯包裹物是由两个或更多个基底制成时。芯包裹物可延伸比将吸收材料包含在其内严格所需的区域更大的区域。
具有多种芯设计的包含相对大量的SAP的芯公开于美国专利5,599,335(Goldman)、EP 1,447,066(Busam)、WO 95/11652(Tanzer)、美国专利公布2008/0312622A1(Hundorf)以及WO 2012/052172(Van Malderen)中。
吸收材料可为存在于芯包裹物内的连续层。在其它实施例中,吸收材料可由各个凹坑或封闭在芯包裹物内的吸收材料的带构成。在第一情况下,吸收材料可例如通过施加吸收材料的单个连续层来获得。吸收材料具体地SAP的连续层还可通过将具有不连续吸收材料施加图案的两个吸收层组合而获得,其中所得的层横跨吸收颗粒聚合物材料区域基本上连续地分布,如例如美国专利申请公布2008/0312622A1(Hundorf)中所公开。吸收芯28可包括第一吸收层和第二吸收层。第一吸收层可包含第一材料16和吸收材料的第一层61,吸收材料可为100%或更少的SAP。第二吸收层可包含第二材料16’和吸收材料的第二层62,吸收材料也可为100%或更少的SAP。吸收芯28还可包含至少部分地将吸收材料的每个层61、62粘结至其相应的材料16或16’的纤维热塑性粘合剂材料51。这在图7-8中示出,例如,其中第一和第二SAP层已作为具有与期望的吸收材料沉积区域相同的宽度的横向带或“着陆区”施加在它们相应的基底上,之后将它们组合。这些带可包含不同量的吸收材料(SAP)以提供沿着芯80的纵向轴线绘制的基重。第一材料16和第二材料16’可形成芯包裹物。
纤维热塑性粘合剂材料51可至少部分地接触着陆区中的吸收材料61、62并且至少部分地接触接合区中的材料16和16’。这赋予热塑性粘合剂材料51的纤维层基本上三维的结构,该结构本身与长度方向和宽度方向上的尺寸相比为相对小厚度的基本上二维的结构。从而,纤维热塑性粘合剂材料可提供腔,以覆盖着陆区中的吸收材料并且从而固定这种吸收材料,吸收材料可为100%或更少的SAP。
热塑性粘合剂材料51可整体包括单一热塑性聚合物或热塑性聚合物的共混物,当通过ASTM方法D-36-95“环球法”测定时,这些聚合物具有在50℃和300℃之间范围内的软化点,和/或热塑性粘合剂材料可为热熔融粘合剂,其包含与其它热塑性稀释剂诸如增粘树脂、增塑剂和添加剂诸如抗氧化剂相组合的至少一种热塑性聚合物。
用于纤维层的热塑性粘合剂可具有弹性体特性,使得由SAP层上的纤维形成的纤维网在SAP溶胀时能够被拉伸。示例性的弹性体热熔融粘合剂包括热塑性弹性体,诸如乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、聚氨酯、硬组分(一般是结晶聚烯烃诸如聚丙烯或聚乙烯)和软组分(诸如乙烯-丙烯橡胶)的聚烯烃共混物;共聚酯诸如聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯-共聚-壬二酸乙二酯);以及热塑性弹性体嵌段共聚物,其具有热塑性端嵌段和橡胶中嵌段,被表示成A-B-A嵌段共聚物:结构上不同的均聚物或共聚物的混合物,例如,聚乙烯或聚苯乙烯与A-B-A嵌段共聚物的混合物;热塑性弹性体与低分子量树脂改性剂的混合物,例如苯乙烯-异戊二烯苯乙烯嵌段共聚物与聚苯乙烯的混合物;以及本文所述的弹性体热熔融压敏粘合剂。这些类型的弹性体热熔融粘合剂更详细地描述于在1988年3月15日授予Korpman的美国专利4,731,066中。
热塑性粘合剂材料可用作纤维。纤维可具有约1至约50微米或约1至约35微米的平均厚度以及约5mm至约50mm或约5mm至约30mm的平均长度,具体地引用以上规定的范围和其中或从而形成的任何范围内的所有0.1微米增量。为了改善热塑性粘合剂材料对材料16或16’或对任何其它层,具体地讲任何其它非织造层的粘附性,可将此类层用辅助粘合剂进行预处理。纤维彼此附着以形成纤维层,其还可描述为网。
超吸收聚合物(SAP)
如本文所用,“超吸收聚合物”(“SAP”)是指如下吸收材料,该吸收材料是交联聚合材料,当使用离心保留容量(CRC)测试(EDANA方法WSP 241.2-05E)测量时,这些聚合材料能够吸收至少10倍于它们自身重量的含水的0.9%盐水溶液。所用的SAP可具有大于20g/g、大于24g/g、20至50g/g、20至40g/g、或24至30g/g的CRC值,具体地引用以上规定的范围和其中或从而形成的任何范围内的所有0.1g/g增量。可用于本公开的SAP可包括多种水不溶性却水可溶胀的能够吸收大量流体的聚合物。
超吸收聚合物可为微粒形式,以便在干燥状态下可流动。典型的粒状吸收性聚合物材料可由聚甲基丙烯酸聚合物制成。然而,还可使用基于淀粉的粒状吸收性聚合物材料,以及聚丙烯酰胺共聚物、乙烯马来酸酐共聚物、交联羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇共聚物、交联聚环氧乙烷、以及聚丙烯腈的淀粉接枝的共聚物。超吸收聚合物可以为聚丙烯酸酯和聚丙烯酸聚合物,其为内部交联和/或表面交联的。合适的材料在例如PCT专利申请WO 07/047598、WO 07/046052、WO2009/155265和WO2009/155264中有所描述。在一些实施例中,合适的超吸收聚合物颗粒可通过如例如WO 2006/083584中所描述的通常已知的生产工艺获得。超吸收聚合物可以为内部交联的,即在具有两个或更多个可聚合基团的化合物的存在下进行聚合,这些化合物能够自由基共聚到聚合物网络中。有用的交联剂包括例如如EP-A 530 438中所述的乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三烯丙基胺、四烯丙氧基乙烷,如EP-A 547 847、EP-A 559476、EP-A 632 068、WO 93/21237、WO 03/104299、WO 03/104300、WO03/104301和DE-A 103 31 450中所述的二丙烯酸酯和三丙烯酸酯,如DE-A103 31 456和DE-A 103 55 401中所述的混合的丙烯酸酯(其不仅包括丙烯酸酯基团,还包括烯键式不饱和基团),或例如DE-A 195 43 368、DE-A 19646 484、WO 90/15830和WO 02/32962中所述的交联剂混合物,以及WO2009/155265中所述的交联剂。超吸收聚合物颗粒可为外表面交联的或后交联的。可用的后交联剂包括含有能够与所述聚合物的羧酸根基团形成共价键的两个或更多个基团的化合物。有用的化合物包括例如如EP-A 083 022、EP-A 543 303和EP-A 937 736中所述的烷氧基甲硅烷基化合物、聚氮丙啶、聚胺、聚酰氨基胺、二缩水甘油基或聚缩水甘油基化合物,如DE-C 33 14019中所述的多元醇,如DE-A 40 20 780中所述的环状碳酸酯、如DE-A 19807 502中所述的2-唑烷酮及其衍生物(诸如N-(2-羟乙基)-2-唑烷酮)、如DE-A 198 07 992中所述的二-和聚-2-唑烷酮、如DE-A 198 54 573中所述的2-氧代四氢-1,3-嗪及其衍生物、如DE-A 198 54 574所述的N-酰基-2-唑烷酮、如DE-A 102 04 937中所述的环脲、如DE-A 103 34 584中所述的二环酰胺缩醛、如EP1,199,327中所述的氧杂环丁烷和环脲、以及如WO03/031482中所述的吗啉-2,3-二酮及其衍生物。
在一些实施例中,SAP可由聚丙烯酸聚合物或聚丙烯酸酯聚合物形成,例如,具有60%至90%,或约75%的中和程度,具有例如钠抗衡离子。
可用于本公开的SAP可为很多种形状。术语“颗粒”是指颗粒、纤维、薄片、球体、粉末、薄板、以及在超吸收聚合物颗粒领域中技术人员已知的其它形状和形态。在一些实施例中,SAP颗粒可为纤维的形状,即细长的针状超吸收聚合物颗粒。在那些实施例中,超吸收聚合物颗粒纤维可具有小于约1mm、通常小于约500μm、或小于250μm、低至50μm的小尺寸(即纤维的直径),具体地引用以上规定的范围和其中或从而形成的任何范围内的所有1μm增量。纤维的长度可为约3mm至约100mm,具体地引用以上规定的范围和其中或从而形成的任何范围内的所有1mm增量。纤维也可为可被织造的长丝的形式。
SAP可为球状颗粒。与纤维相反,“球状颗粒”具有最长和最短尺寸,并且颗粒的最长和最短颗粒尺寸之比在1-5范围内,其中值1等于完美的球状颗粒,而值5将使得与此类球状颗粒有一些偏差。超吸收聚合物颗粒可具有小于850μm、50至850μm、100至710μm、或150至650μm的粒度,具体地引用以上规定的范围和其中或从而形成的任何范围内的所有1μm增量,如根据EDANA方法WSP 220.2-05所测量的。具有相对低粒度的SAP可有助于增加与液体流出物接触的吸收材料的表面积,并因此支持液体流出物的快速吸收。
SAP可具有在45μm至4000μm范围内的粒度,更具体地在45μm至约2000μm、或约100μm至约1000的范围内、850或600μm的粒度分布,具体地引用以上规定的范围和其中或从而形成的任何范围内的所有1μm增量。微粒形式的材料的粒度分布可例如通过干筛分析法(EDANA 420.02“粒度分布)来测定。
在本文的一些实施例中,超吸收材料可为颗粒的形式,颗粒具有至多达2mm,或在50微米和2mm或至1mm之间,或从100μm、200μm、300μm、400μm、500μm、1000μm、800μm或700μm的质量中值粒度;该质量中值粒度可例如通过例如EP-A-0,691,133中所述的方法来测量。在本公开的一些实施例中,超吸收聚合物材料呈颗粒形式,由此至少80重量%为具有在50μm和1200μm之间的尺寸且具有介于上述任何范围组合之间的质量中值粒度的颗粒。此外,或在本公开的另一个实施例中,颗粒可为基本上球形的。在本公开的另一个或另外实施例中,超吸收聚合物材料可具有相对窄的粒度范围,例如,其中大部分(例如,至少80重量%、至少90重量%、至少95重量%、或甚至至少99重量%)颗粒具有在50μm和1000μm之间、在100μm和800μm之间、或在200μm和600μm之间的粒度,具体地引用在以上规定的范围和其中或从而形成的任何范围内的所有1μm增量。
SAP表面可涂覆有例如阳离子聚合物。某些阳离子聚合物可包括聚胺或聚亚胺材料。在一些实施例中,SAP可涂覆有脱乙酰壳多糖材料诸如在美国专利7,537,832B2中公开的那些。在一些其它实施例中,SAP可包含混合床离子交换吸收聚合物,如WO 99/34841和WO 99/34842中所公开的那些。
吸收芯可包含一种或多种类型的SAP。
对于大多数吸收制品,穿着者的液体排泄主要发生在制品具体地为尿布的前半部。因此,制品的前半部(如由介于前边缘和置于距前腰边缘10或后腰边缘12一半L的距离处的横向线之间的区域限定)可包含芯的大部分吸收容量。因此,至少60%的SAP,或至少65%、70%、75%、80%或85%的SAP可存在于吸收制品的前半部中,剩余的SAP设置在吸收制品的后半部中。在其它实施例中,SAP分布在整个芯中可为均匀的或可具有其它合适的分布。
存在于吸收芯中的SAP总量也可根据期望的使用者而变化。用于新生儿的尿布可需要比婴儿、儿童或成人失禁尿布更少的SAP。芯中SAP的量可为约5至60g或5至50g,具体地引用在所规定的范围和其中或从而形成的任何范围内的所有0.1增量。SAP的沉积区域8(或者如果存在若干个,则“至少一个”)内的平均SAP基重可以为至少50、100、200、300、400、500g/m2或更多。由吸收材料沉积区域推导吸收材料沉积区域8中存在的通道的区域(例如,27、27’)以计算该平均基重。
芯包裹物
芯包裹物可由围绕吸收材料折叠的单个基底、材料或非织造物制成,或可包含彼此附接的两个(或更多个)基底、材料或非织造物。典型的附接为所谓的C-包裹物和/或夹心包裹物。在C-包裹物中,如图所示,例如,在图2和7中,一个基底的纵向和/或横向边缘折叠在另一个基底上以形成翼片。然后这些翼片通常通过胶粘而粘结到其它基底的外表面。
芯包裹物可由适用于接收和容纳吸收材料的任何材料形成。可使用用于制备常规芯的典型的基底材料,具体地,纸、薄纸、膜、织造物或非织造物、或任何这些材料的层合物或复合物。芯包裹物可由非织造纤维网形成,诸如梳理非织造物、纺粘非织造物(“S”)或熔喷非织造物(“M”),以及这些中任一种的层合物。例如,熔纺聚丙烯非织造物可为合适的,尤其是具有层压纤维网SMS、或SMMS或SSMMS结构,并具有约5gsm至约15gsm基重范围的那些。合适的材料公开于美国专利7,744,576、美国专利公布2011/0268932A1、美国专利公布2011/0319848A1和美国专利公布2011/0250413A1中。还可使用由合成纤维提供的非织造材料,诸如PE、PET、和/或PP,例如。
如果芯包裹物包括第一基底、非织造物或材料16和第二基底、非织造物或材料16’,则这些可由相同类型的材料制成,或可由不同的材料制成,或者一个基底可以与另一个不同的方式进行处理以向其提供不同的特性。因为用于非织造物生产的聚合物是固有疏水的,如果置于吸收芯的流体接收侧上,那么它们可涂覆有亲水性涂层。可为有利的是芯包裹物的顶侧,即在吸收制品中更靠近穿着者放置的一侧,比芯包裹物的底侧更具亲水性。一种制备具有耐久亲水性涂层的非织造物的可能方法是,通过将亲水单体和自由基聚合引发剂施涂到非织造物上,并且进行通过紫外光所激发的聚合作用,从而导致单体化学地结合到非织造物的表面上。一种制备具有耐久亲水性涂层的非织造物的另选的可能方法是用亲水性纳米颗粒来涂覆非织造织物,例如,如WO 02/064877中所述。
永久性地亲水性非织造织物也可用于一些实施例中。如美国专利7,744,576(Busam等人)中所述,表面张力可用于测量获得的某种亲水性水平的持久性。如美国专利7,744,576中所述,液体透湿可用于测量亲水性水平。当用盐水溶液润湿时,第一和/或第二基底可具有至少55,至少60,或至少65mN/m或更高的表面张力。所述基底还可具有对于第五涌流液体而言小于5秒的液体透湿时间。这些值可使用美国专利7,744,576B2:“Determination Of Surface Tension”和“Determination of Strike Through”中分别描述的测试方法来测量。
亲水性和可润湿性通常根据流体例如通过非织造织物的接触角和透湿时间来定义。在由Robert F.Gould编辑的名称为“Contact angle,wettabilityand adhesion”的美国化学学会出版物(1964版权所有)中对此进行了详细的讨论。可认为水和基底表面之间的接触角较小的基底比另一种基底更具亲水性。
所述基底还可以为透气的。因此可用于本文的膜可包括微孔。基底可具有40或50至300或至200m3/(m2×min)的透气率,该透气率按EDANA方法140-1-99(125Pa,38.3cm2)测定。芯包裹物的材料可另选地具有较低的透气率,例如为非透气的,以例如有利于对移动表面的处理,包括真空。
芯包裹物可至少部分地沿着吸收芯的所有侧密封,使得基本上没有吸收材料从芯中漏出去。所谓“基本上没有吸收材料”是指少于5重量%、少于2重量%、少于1重量%、或约0重量%的吸收材料逸出芯包裹物。术语“密封”应广义地进行理解。密封不需要沿芯包裹物的整个周边是连续的,而是沿其部分或全部可以为不连续的,诸如由在一条线上间隔的一系列密封点形成。密封可由胶粘和/或热粘结形成。
如果芯包裹物由两个基底16、16’形成,那么可使用四个密封件将吸收材料60封闭在芯包裹物内。例如,第一基底16可置于芯的一侧上(在图中表示为顶侧)并围绕芯的纵向边缘延伸以至少部分地包裹芯的相对底侧。第二基底16’可存在于第一基底16的包裹的翼片和吸收材料60之间。第一基底16的翼片可胶粘至第二基底16’以提供强效密封。与夹心密封件相比,该所谓的C-包裹物构造可提供有益效果,诸如在润湿负载状态下改善的耐破裂性。然后,芯包裹物的前侧和后侧也可例如通过将第一基底和第二基底彼此胶粘来密封,以提供横跨芯的整个周边的对吸收材料的完全封装。对于芯的前侧和后侧,第一基底和第二基底可在基本上平面方向上延伸并可接合在一起,形成所谓的夹心构造。在所谓的夹心构造中,第一基底和第二基底也可在芯的所有侧上向外延伸并沿着芯的全部或部分周边平坦或基本上平坦地被密封,例如沿着芯的纵向边缘密封,通常通过胶粘和/或热/压力粘结。在一个实施例中,第一或第二基底均不需要被成型,使得它们可被矩形地切割以便于生产,但是其它形状在本公开的范围内。
芯包裹物还可由单个基底形成,该基底可将吸收材料封闭在包裹物中,并可例如沿芯的前侧和后侧以及一个纵向密封件来密封。
SAP沉积区域
如从吸收芯的顶侧来看,吸收材料沉积区域8可由以下层的周边限定,该层由芯包裹物内的吸收材料60形成。吸收材料沉积区域8可具有各种形状,具体地为所谓的“狗骨”或“沙漏”形,其示出沿着其宽度向芯的中间或“裆”区的逐渐变细。以这种方式,吸收材料沉积区域8在旨在置于吸收制品裆区中的芯区域中可具有相对窄的宽度,如图1中所示。这可提供更好的穿着舒适性。吸收材料沉积区域8可因此在其最窄点处具有小于约100mm、90mm、80mm、70mm、60mm、或甚至小于约50mm的宽度(如在横向上所测量的)。该最窄宽度还可比沉积区域8在该沉积区域8的前区和/或后区中的其最大点处的宽度小例如至少5mm,或至少10mm。吸收材料沉积区域8还可为大致矩形的,例如如图4-6中所示,但是其它沉积区域诸如“T”、“Y”、“沙漏”或“狗骨”形状也在本公开的范围内。
SAP的基重(每单位表面的沉积量)还可以沿沉积区域8变化以产生吸收材料(具体地SAP)在纵向上、在横向上或在芯的两个方向上的绘制的分布。因此,沿芯的纵向轴线,以及沿横向轴线或平行于这些轴线中任一个的任何轴线,吸收材料的基重可以变化。相对高基重的区域中的SAP基重可因此比相对低基重区域中的SPA基重高至少10%、20%、30%、40%、或50%。在一个实施例中,相比于吸收材料沉积区域8的另一个区域,以裆点C的水平存在于吸收材料沉积区域8中的SAP可具有更多的SAP每单位沉积表面。
可使用已知的技术沉积吸收材料,所述技术可允许以相对高的速度相对精确地沉积SAP。具体地,可使用如美国专利公布2008/0312617和美国专利公布2010/0051166A1(两者均授予Hundorf等人)中公开的SAP印刷技术。这种技术使用印刷辊以将SAP沉积在基底上,该基底设置在可包括多个交叉的条的支撑网格上,该多个交叉的条基本上彼此平行并彼此间隔地延伸以形成在多个交叉条之间延伸的通道。这种技术允许高速并精确地将SAP沉积在基底上。吸收芯的通道可例如通过改变网格的图案和接收鼓使得不将SAP施加在对应于通道的区域中来形成。EP申请号11169396.6更详细地公开了这种修改。
通道
吸收材料沉积区域8可包括至少一个通道26,该通道至少部分地在制品80的纵向上取向(即,具有纵向矢量分量)。其它通道可至少部分地在侧向(即,具有侧向矢量分量)或任何其它方向上取向。如果接下来,复数形式“通道”将用于指“至少一个通道”。通道可具有投射在制品的纵向轴线80上的长度L’,该长度L’为制品的长度L的至少10%。通道可以多种方式形成。例如,通道可由吸收材料沉积区域8内的可基本上不含、或不含吸收材料具体地SAP的区形成。此外或另选地,一个或多个通道还可通过在吸收材料沉积区域8中将芯包裹物的顶侧连续或不连续地粘结至芯包裹物的底侧来形成。通道可为连续的,但是也设想了通道可为间断的。采集-分配系统或层50或制品的另一个层也可包括通道,这些通道可或可不对应于吸收芯的通道。
在一些实施例中,通道可至少以与裆点C或吸收制品中的侧向轴线60相同的纵向水平存在,如图1中以两个纵向延伸的通道26、26’所示的。通道还可从裆区7延伸或可存在于制品的前腰区5和/或后腰区6中。
吸收芯28也可包括超过两个通道,例如,至少3个、至少4个、至少5个,或至少6个或更多个。更短的通道也可存在,例如在芯的后腰区6或前腰区5中,如通过图1中的朝向制品前部的一对通道27、27’所示的。通道可包括相对于纵向轴线80对称布置或以其它方式布置的一对或多对通道。
当吸收材料沉积区域为矩形时,通道可尤其适用于吸收芯,因为通道可改善芯的柔韧性至在使用非矩形的(成型的)芯时优势较小的程度。当然,通道也可存在于具有成型沉积区域的SAP层中。
通道可基本上纵向延伸,这是指每个通道在纵向上延伸比在横向上更多,或在纵向上延伸为在横向上至少两倍那么多(如在投射在相应轴线上之后所测量的)。在其它实施例中,通道可基本上侧向延伸,这是指每个通道在侧向上延伸比在横向上更多,或在纵向上延伸为在横向上至少两倍那么多(如在投射在相应轴线上之后所测量的)。
通道可完全纵向取向并平行于纵向轴线或完全横向取向并平行于侧向轴线,但是也可为弯曲的。在各种实施例中,一些或所有通道,具体地裆区7中存在的通道可朝向纵向轴线80凹入,如例如图1中针对一对通道26、26’所示的。曲率半径可通常为至少等于吸收层的平均横向尺寸(并且可为该平均横向尺寸的至少1.5倍或至少2.0倍);并且也是直的,但是与平行于纵向轴线的线成(例如,5°)至多达30°、至多达20°、至多达10°的角。对于一个通道,曲率半径可为恒定的,或可沿其长度变化。这也可包括在其中具有角度的通道,前提条件是在通道两部分之间的该角为至少120°、至少150°;并且在任何这些情况下,前提条件是通道的纵向延伸超过横向延伸。通道还可为支化的。例如,中心通道与裆区7中的纵向轴线叠置,该中心通道朝向制品的后腰边缘12和/或朝向前腰边缘10支化。
在一些实施例中,不存在与制品或芯的纵向轴线80重合的通道。当存在为相对于纵向轴线80对称的对时,通道可在其整个纵向尺寸上彼此间隔开。最小间隔距离可为例如至少5mm、至少10mm、或至少16mm。
此外,为减少流体渗漏的风险,纵向主通道可不延伸到达吸收材料沉积区域8的任一个边缘,并因此可完全被包括在芯的吸收材料沉积区域8内。通道与吸收材料沉积区域8的最近边缘之间的最小距离可为至少5mm。
通道沿其长度的至少一部分可具有宽度Wc,该宽度为至少2mm、至少3mm、至少4mm、至多达例如20mm、16mm、或12mm,例如。通道的宽度在通道的基本上整个长度上可为恒定的或可沿其长度变化。当通道由吸收材料沉积区域8内不含吸收材料的区形成时,通道的宽度被认为是不含材料的区的宽度,不考虑通道内可能存在芯包裹物。如果通道不是由不含吸收材料的区形成的,例如主要通过芯包裹物在整个吸收材料区上的粘结形成,那么通道的宽度为该粘结的宽度。
至少一些或所有通道可为永久性通道,意味着它们的完整性至少部分地在干燥状态和润湿状态下被保持。永久性通道可通过提供一种或多种粘合剂材料获得,例如粘合剂材料的纤维层或帮助在通道壁内粘附基底与吸收材料的构造胶。永久性通道还可通过通道将芯包裹物的上侧和下侧(例如,第一基底16和第二基底16’)粘结和/或将顶片24与底片25粘结在一起来形成。通常,粘结剂可用于通过通道粘结新包裹物的两侧或粘结顶片和底片,但是可通过其它已知工艺粘结,诸如压力粘结、超声粘结、热粘结、或它们的组合。新包裹物或顶片24和底片25可沿着通道连续粘结或间断粘结。当吸收制品完全负载流体时,通道可有利地保持或变成是至少通过顶片和/或底片可见的。这可通过使通道基本上不含SAP,以便它们不会溶胀,并且足够大使得它们在润湿时不会封闭来获得。此外,通过通道将芯包裹物自身粘结或将顶片粘结至底片可为有利的。
图9示出本公开的示例性吸收芯28。该芯28以及图12和14-20中示出的芯可用于本公开的吸收制品中并且可具有许多或所有本文所论述的特征结构。在各种实施例中,一个或多个通道的侧向宽度的总和(绘制在Y轴上)的曲线图可相对于围绕一个或多个通道的部分的纵向轴线80’的纵向长度(绘制在X轴上)进行作图。换句话说,可对一个或多个通道在围绕一个或多个通道的纵向轴线80’的特定纵向长度的侧向宽度的总和作图,以产生曲线图。
为了获得用于此类曲线图的数据,首先,应将吸收制品或吸收芯放置在适用于观察吸收芯内的通道的透光台或光源上。如果正在使用吸收芯,那么应首先使用任何合适的技术将该吸收芯从吸收制品中移除。吸收制品或吸收芯的面向穿着者的表面应背离透光台的表面。应使用条带或其它附接构件将吸收制品或吸收芯附接至透光台或光源的光照表面。其次,应选择沿着纵向轴线80或80’的纵向长度(例如,5mm、10mm、15mm、20mm、50mm、100mm)用于测量。应使用以mm为刻度的刚性或柔性卷尺测量沿着纵向轴线80或80’的纵向长度。点应置于吸收制品或吸收芯上、位于纵向轴线80或80’上的纵向长度的任一端。接着,应通过每个点画出平行于侧向轴线90’的线。线之间的该封闭区“EA”为待测量的区域。封闭区“EA”可为吸收制品或吸收芯的纵向长度的一部分或吸收制品或吸收芯分别从前腰边缘10或前侧280至后腰边缘12或后侧282的整个长度。在一些情况下,可希望绘制吸收制品或吸收芯的大的纵向长度,然而,在其它情况下,可希望绘制小的纵向长度。一旦在吸收制品或吸收芯上指示出待使用的纵向长度,则应使用卷尺沿着纵向长度每5mm平行于侧向轴线测量封闭区内通道的侧向宽度的总和。如果在封闭区“EA”内的具体的5mm增量下仅存在一个通道,那么一个宽度将为该具体增量下的通道的侧向宽度的总和,然而如果在封闭区“EA”内的具体的5mm增量下存在多于一个通道,那么该增量下侧向宽度的总和将为那两个或更多个通道侧向宽度的总和。那些结果应接着作图,以产生曲线图或图形,其中一个或多个通道的侧向宽度的总和绘制在Y轴上并且沿着在其上获取纵向长度的纵向轴线80或80’的纵向长度绘制在X轴上。X轴应以5mm增量为刻度以与沿着纵向轴线80或80’每5mm获得的侧向宽度测量结果相对应。Y轴应取决于一个或多个通道的侧向宽度的总和的值而以1mm增量、2mm增量或大于2mm增量为刻度。
参见图9,例如,封闭区“EA”在两条虚线之间,位于沿着纵向轴线80’的一个或多个通道的纵向长度L’的端部。对于所有吸收芯28实施例,纵向轴线80’与吸收制品的纵向轴线80相对应,侧向轴线90’与吸收制品的侧向轴线90相对应。通道26和26’的侧向宽度测量平行于侧向轴线90’每5mm进行。每个5mm增量指示为图9中的线“L”。第一测量在从顶部虚线“TL”进入封闭区“EA”5mm处进行。虽然图9未按比例绘制,但是沿纵向轴线80’每5mm在平行于侧向轴线90’的方向上获得的侧向宽度的总和的曲线图将大致上看起来像图10的示例性曲线图。沿着纵向轴线80的纵向长度绘制在X轴上,侧向宽度的总和绘制在Y轴上。在该示例中,封闭区内通道的侧向宽度的总和(每5mm)均为10mm(5mm/通道)。通道的侧向宽度的其它总和在本公开的范围内。侧向宽度的示例性总和可在5mm至120mm的范围内,具体地引用在所规定的范围和其中或从而形成的范围内的所有1mm增量。封闭区可例如沿着纵向轴线90’延伸至少5mm、至少10mm、至少15mm、至少20mm、至少30mm、至少40mm、至少50mm、至少60mm、或至少70mm。卫生巾的封闭区可为较小的,因为它们的吸收芯通常小于尿布。因此,来自图9的曲线图是恒定的、或基本上恒定的,因为沿着纵向轴线80’每5mm获得的通道26和26’的侧向宽度的总和应具有相同的值。如果图9的封闭区中仅存在通道26,那么曲线图也将为恒定的、或基本上恒定的,因为平行于侧向轴线90’测量的通道26的侧向宽度为恒定的、或基本上恒定的,在该实施例中沿着纵向轴线L’。第二通道26’可定位在纵向轴线80’的第一通道26的相反侧上。第二通道26’的曲线图也可为关于纵向长度诸如图9的L’恒定的、或基本上恒定的,因为第二通道26’的侧向宽度是关于通道的纵向长度L’恒定的、或基本上恒定的。在其它实施例中,每个通道26和26’的侧向宽度可为沿着纵向长度或其一部分恒定的、基本上恒定的或可变的。在其它实施例中,一个通道(例如,通道26)可围绕其纵向长度具有恒定的、或基本上恒定的侧向宽度,而另一个通道(例如,通道26’)可围绕其纵向长度具有变化的侧向宽度。在图9的实施例中,通道26和通道26’可沿着纵向轴线80’具有相同的纵向长度。在其它实施例中,第一和第二或更多个通道可各自沿着纵向轴线80’具有不同的纵向长度。
上文仅为测量在沿着纵向轴线80’的具体纵向长度上的侧向宽度的总和的示例性非限制性构型。如下文所论述,基于所测量的纵向长度和/或封闭区内的通道的构型和/或取向的其它曲线图也在本公开的范围内。
再次参见图9,通道26和26’在侧向轴线90’的第一侧上的纵向长度的一部分上的侧向宽度的总和的曲线图可不同于通道26和26’在侧向轴线90’的第二侧上的纵向长度的另一部分上的侧向宽度的总和的曲线图。在其它实施例中,通道26和26’在侧向轴线90’的第一侧上的纵向长度的一部分上的侧向宽度的总和的曲线图可与通道26和26’在侧向轴线90’的第二侧上的纵向长度的另一部分上的侧向宽度的总和的曲线图相同、或基本上相同。
在一个实施例中,参见图1,吸收芯28可包括至少三个通道或四个通道(例如,26、26’、27、27’)。这些通道可不含、或基本上不含(例如,少于10%、少于5%、少于3%、少于2%、或少于1%)超吸收聚合物并且可至少部分地在纵向上取向和/或可至少部分地在侧向上取向。在各种实施例中,通道26和26’关于纵向轴线80的纵向长度可为相同的、基本上相同的(例如,彼此相差2mm内或更少)或不同的,通道27和27’关于纵向轴线80的纵向长度可为相同的、基本上相同的、或不同的。通道26和26’的纵向长度可大于通道27和27’的纵向长度。在通道27和27’的纵向长度上的平均侧向宽度可为相同的、基本上相同的、或可为不同的。同样,在通道26和26’的纵向长度上的平均侧向宽度可为相同的、基本上相同的、或可为不同的。通道26、26’、27和27’中的任一个的平均侧向宽度可为相同的、基本上相同的、或不同的。这种基本原理可适用于本文公开的任何通道构型。
在一个实施例中,再次参见图1,三个通道26、26’、27和27’中的至少两个可至少部分地在沿着制品的纵向轴线80的纵向上取向。通道26、26’、27和27’中的每一个可具有平行于侧向轴线90获得的侧向宽度。参见图11,通道在沿着纵向轴线80的纵向长度上的侧向宽度的总和的曲线图可具有两个最高峰“MP”,该纵向长度沿着纵向轴线80获得,为至少5mm、至少10mm、至少15mm、至少20mm、至少25mm、至少30mm、至少35mm、至少40mm、至少45mm、至少50mm或更大。这些最高峰可通过间隙“G”彼此分开,该间隙延伸关于纵向轴线80的纵向长度的至少1mm、至少3mm、至少5mm、至少10mm、至少15mm、至少20mm或更大。这种曲线图的示例在图11中示出。图11的曲线图在由线A和B表示的纵向长度之间在纵向长度(由沿着第一侧边3的点表示)上每5mm获得。平行于侧向轴线90并且贯穿每个点的线应在吸收制品上画出。平行于侧向轴线90获得的通道的侧向宽度的总和应使用卷尺在每条线上进行测量。尽管图11的最高峰“MP”示出为通过5mm间隙“G”分开,但是该间隙可小于1mm或大于1mm,例如,1-15mm或1-9mm。
再次参见图11,通道26、26’、27和/或27’在沿纵向轴线80获得的至少20mm纵向长度上的侧向宽度的总和的曲线图可为双峰的并且可具有在两个模式之间的部分,在该部分中,通道26、26’、27和27’中的至少三个或所有通道的侧向宽度的总和为零。其中通道26、26’、27和27’中的至少三个或所有通道的侧向宽度的总和为零的该部分由图11中的间隙G指示。
在另一个实施例中,参见图12,吸收芯28可包括如上所述的第一通道26和第二通道26’以及不含或基本上不含超吸收聚合物的一个或多个凹坑29。例如,凹坑29可具有20mm至110mm或更小或更大的宽度尺寸,诸如90mm(关于侧向轴线90’)以及30mm至00mm或更小或更大的长度尺寸,诸如50mm(关于纵向轴线80’)。一个或多个凹坑29可具有定位在纵向轴线80’上的一部分并且可定位在前腰区5、后腰区6、和/或裆区7中。在另一个实施例中,凹坑可延伸到两个或更多个区域中。尽管图9、12和14-20仅示出吸收芯28,但是应理解,前腰区5、后腰区6和裆区7将大体与如图1中所示的吸收制品上的此类区域相对应。一个或多个凹坑29的一部分可不定位在纵向轴线80’上。在一个实施例中,一个或多个凹坑29可具有定位在侧向轴线90’上的一部分。凹坑29具有平行于侧向轴线90’测量的侧向宽度和平行于纵向轴线80’测量的纵向长度。在沿着纵向轴线80’获得的50mm纵向长度上第一通道26和第二通道26’的侧向宽度和凹坑29的侧向宽度的总和的曲线图可具有两个单独的、恒定的、或基本上恒定的部分,如图13中的代表性形式中所示。图13为从图12中的线C至线D获得的通道26和26’以及凹坑29的不含超吸收聚合物或基本上不含超吸收聚合物区域的侧向宽度的总和。在线C和D之间的沿着纵向轴线80’的纵向长度可为至少50mm或更小或更大。如从图13可看出,该曲线图具有两个恒定的或基本上恒定的部分,表示仅通道的侧向宽度的总和;以及大于恒定的或基本上恒定的部分的一个部分,表示通道26和26’的侧向宽度和凹坑29的侧向宽度的总和。第一通道26、第二通道26’以及凹坑29在线C和D中间的点处的侧向宽度的总和可在约20mm至约100mm的范围内,例如。侧向宽度应如上所述沿着纵向轴线80’每5mm并且在线C和D之间进行测量。凹坑29可为被配置成保持粪便排泄物(BM)的肠运动“BM”凹坑。在另一个实施例中,参见图14,凹坑29’可至少部分地定位在前腰区5中并且可为尿液管理或保持凹坑。在另一个实施例中,参见图15,凹坑29’可至少部分’地定位在裆区7中并且可为尿液管理或保持凹坑和/或BM凹坑。凹坑29”可具有通过通道26和26’的侧向内侧形成的纵向侧边或可具有独立于通道26和26’的侧向内侧侧边形成的纵向侧边。凹坑29、29’或29”可具有平行于侧向轴线90’沿纵向轴线80’每5mm测量的侧向宽度,侧向宽度在10mm至110mm、20mm至100mm、或30mm至95mm的范围内,具体地引用在以上规定的范围和其中或从而形成的任何范围内的所有1mm增量。
在另一个实施例中,参见图16,吸收芯28可包括第一通道26和/或第二通道26’以及第三通道26”(如果没有陈述第一通道26和第二通道26’中的一个,那么在权利要求中有时称为第二通道)。第三通道26”可为不含、或基本上不含超吸收聚合物的并且可定位在后腰区6、裆区7、和/或前腰区5中。第三通道26”可定位在距离后腰边缘12或后侧2820-50mm内或距离前腰边缘10或前侧2800-50mm内。在本文具体地引用在以上规定的范围内的所有1mm增量,包括其中或从而形成的任何范围。第一通道26和第三通道26”或第一通道26、第二通道26’和第三通道26”在沿着纵向轴线距离后侧282或后腰边缘12或前侧280或前腰边缘1050mm、或30mm、或20mm、或15mm、或10mm、或5mm、或1mm、或更小的点(例如,图16的点E)处的侧向宽度的总和可大于零。图17示出包括第一通道26、第二通道26’、第三通道31和第四通道31’的吸收芯28。这些通道中的任一个可为任选的。第三通道31和第四通道31’在沿着纵向轴线80’距离后腰边缘12、后侧282、前腰边缘10或前侧28050mm、或30mm、或20mm、或15mm、或10mm、或5mm、或3mm、或1mm、或更小的点(例如,图17的点F)处的侧向宽度的总和可大于零。
在一个实施例中,参见图18,第一通道26和第二通道26’可各自具有在前腰区5中的第一弧形部分33和在后腰区6中的第二弧形部分33’。弧形部分33和33’可面向纵向轴线80’。第一通道26和第二通道26’还可具有在裆区7中的第三弧形部分33”或在裆区7中的非弧形部分33”。弧形部分33”或部分33”也可面向纵向轴线80’。弧形部分33的切线35可与纵向轴线80’相交,以形成角A1。切线35和纵向轴线80’之间的相交角A1可在10度至80度、20度至75度、30度至60度的范围内,或可为45度。弧形部分33’的切线35’可与纵向轴线80’相交,以形成角A2。切线35’和纵向轴线80’之间的相交角A2可在10度至80度、20度至75度、30度至60度的范围内,或可为45度。弧形部分33”的切线35”可与纵向轴线80’相交,以形成角A3。切线35”和纵向轴线80’之间的相交角A3可在0.1度至35度、或1度至20度的范围内。在一个实施例中,切线可从裆区7中的非弧形部分33”延伸。切线可不与纵向轴线80’相交并且可替代地在平行于纵向轴线80’的方向上延伸。引用在这段所规定的范围内的所有0.5度增量,包括其中或从而形成的任何范围。
如在图18中可看出,从纵向轴线80’的第一侧上的第一弧形部分33获得的第一切线35可具有正斜率(高度/行程)并且从纵向轴线80’的第二侧上的第一弧形部分33获得的第一切线35可具有负斜率。从纵向轴线80’的第一侧上的第二弧形部分33’获得的第二切线35’可具有负斜率并且从纵向轴线80’的第二侧上的第二弧形部分33’获得的第二切线35’可具有正斜率。切线35”也可具有正斜率或负斜率。如果通道的构型不同,各种切线的斜率可为不同的。
再次参见图18,纵向轴线80’的第一侧上的角A1、A2和A3可分别与纵向轴线80’的第二侧上的角A1、A2和A3不同、相同或基本上相同。在一个实施例中,就纵向轴线80’的一侧上的角而言,角A1可大于角A2和A3并且角A2可大于角A3。在其它实施例中,就纵向轴线80’的一侧上的角而言,角A1和角A2可为相同或基本上相同的,而角A3可小于角A1和A2。在其它实施例中,纵向轴线80’的一侧上的任何角可为相同或不同的。
切线35从前腰区5中的弧形部分33的部分获得。切线35’从后腰区6中的弧形部分33’的部分获得。切线35”从裆区7中的弧形部分33”的部分获得。
可通过分别连接第一腰边10或第一侧280和第二腰边12或第二侧282的中点来分别在吸收制品或吸收芯上画出纵向轴线80或80’。可使用直尺在吸收制品或吸收芯上画出切线。可在前腰区5、后腰区6和/或裆区7中的弧形部分上画出多个切线。切线应画得足够长以与纵向轴线80或80’相交,除非它们被定位平行于纵向轴线80或80’。然后可使用以1度增量为刻度的量角器来测量切线和纵向轴线80或80’之间的角(A1、A2和A3)。如果吸收芯28中存在另外的通道,那么可以相同或类似方式在那些通道上画出另外的切线。
在一个实施例中,参见图19,除了以上论述的第一通道26和第二通道26’,吸收芯可包括不含、或基本上不含超吸收聚合物的通道或凹坑37。通道或凹坑37的一部分可定位在纵向轴线80’上。通道或凹坑37可包括面向侧284或第二侧边4的弧形部分39和面向侧282或第一侧边3的另一个弧形部分39’。弧形部分39’(或39)的切线41’(或41)和纵向轴线80’之间的角A4可在约0.1度至40度、0.1度至20度、0.1度至15度、0.1度至10度、或0.1度至5度的范围内,具体地引用以上规定的范围和其中或从而形成的任何范围内的所有0.1度增量。在一个实施例中,切线41(或41’)可平行于纵向轴线80’延伸并且从不与纵向轴线80’相交。通道或凹坑37可至少部分地定位在前腰区5、后腰区6、和/或裆区7内。
在一个实施例中,参见图20,除了第一通道26和第二通道26’之外,吸收芯28可包括具有一部分定位在纵向轴线80’上的通道或凹坑43。通道或凹坑43可具有在10mm至150mm范围内的纵向长度和10mm至约150mm的侧向宽度,具体地引用所规定的范围和其中或从而形成的所有范围内的所有1mm增量。其它尺寸也在本公开的范围内。通道或凹坑43可定位在前腰区5或后腰区6、或两者中。通道或凹坑43可具有如果通道或凹坑43定位在前腰区5中面向前侧280或前腰边缘10的弧形部分45和如果通道或凹坑43定位在后腰区6中面向后侧282或后腰区12的弧形部分45。在一些情况下,通道或凹坑43可延伸到裆区7中。弧形部分45的切线47可与纵向轴线80’形成在70度至110度、80度至100度、85度至85度范围内、约90度或90度的角,具体地引用所规定的范围和其中或从而形成的任何范围内的所有0.5度增量。
在一个实施例中,参见图21,除了第一通道26和第二通道26’之外,吸收芯28可包括在裆区7和/或后腰区6中的凹坑53以及在后腰区6和/或裆区7中的一个或多个通道55。在另一个实施例中,凹坑53可位于裆区7和/或前腰区5中并且一个或多个通道55可位于裆区7和/或前腰区5中。凹坑53和一个或多个通道55可为BM凹坑或通道和/或尿液管理凹坑和/或通道。通道55可大体在侧向上围绕侧向轴线90’延伸。在合适的情况下,本文讨论的各种参数可适用于图21。例如,至少一个或所有通道55可具有从其弧形部分57延伸的切线59。在切线59和纵向轴线80’之间形成的角可为例如80度至100度、约90度、或90度。
阻隔腿箍
吸收制品可包括一对阻隔腿箍34。每个阻隔腿箍可由一片材料形成,该片材料粘结至制品,使得它可从制品的内表面向上延伸并且提供在穿着者的躯干和腿的接合处附近液体和其它身体流出物的改善的抑制性。阻隔腿箍由直接或间接接合到顶片24和/或底片25的近侧边缘64以及游离端边66界定,其旨在接触穿着者皮肤并形成密封件。阻隔腿箍至少部分地在吸收制品的前腰边缘10和后腰边缘12之间在纵向轴线80的相对侧上延伸并且至少以裆点(C)或裆区的水平存在。阻隔腿箍可在近侧边缘64处通过粘结部65与制品的基础结构接合,该粘结部65可由胶粘、熔融粘结或其它合适的粘结工艺的组合制成。近侧边缘64处的粘结部65可以为连续或间断的。最接近腿箍的凸起段的粘结部65界定腿箍的直立段的近侧边缘64。
阻隔腿箍可与顶片24或底片25成整体或可为接合至制品的基础结构的单独材料。阻隔腿箍的材料可延伸通过尿布的整个长度,但可朝向制品的前腰边缘10和后腰边缘12“粘性粘结”到顶片24,使得在这些段中,阻隔腿箍材料保持与顶片24齐平。
每个阻隔腿箍34可包括靠近该游离端边66的一个、两个或更多个弹性带35,以提供更好的密封。
除了阻隔腿箍34之外,制品还可包括接合到吸收制品的基础结构(具体地顶片24和/或底片25)的衬圈箍32,并相对于阻隔腿箍在外部放置。衬圈箍32可提供围绕穿着者的大腿的更好密封。每个衬圈腿箍可包括在吸收制品的基础结构中在顶片24和底片25之间在腿部开口区域中的一个或多个弹性带或弹性元件。
美国专利3,860,003描述了一种提供可收缩的腿部开口的一次性尿布,该开口具有侧翼和一个或多个弹性构件以提供弹性化腿箍(衬圈箍)。授予Aziz等人的美国专利4,808,178和美国专利4,909,803描述了具有“直立”弹性化翼片(阻隔腿箍)的一次性尿布,弹性化翼片改善腿部区域的抑制性。分别授予Lawson和Dragoo的美国专利4,695,278和美国专利4,795,454描述了具有双箍的一次性尿布,包括衬圈箍和阻隔腿箍。阻隔腿箍和/或衬圈箍中的全部或一部分可用洗剂处理。
采集-分配系统
本公开的吸收制品可包括采集-分配层或系统50(本文“ADS”)。ADS的一个功能是快速采集流体并以有效方式将其分配至吸收芯。ADS可包括一个、两个或更多个层,它们可形成一体层或可保持为可彼此附接的离散层。在一个实施例中,ADS可包括两个层:分配层54和设置在吸收芯和顶片之间的采集层52,但是本公开不限于该实施例。
ADS可包含SAP,因为这可减慢流体的采集和分配。合适的ADS描述于例如WO 2000/59430(Daley)、WO 95/10996(Richards)、美国专利5,700,254(McDowall)和WO 02/067809(Graef)。
分配层
ADS的分配层可包含至少50重量%的交联纤维素纤维。交联的纤维素纤维可为起褶皱的、加捻的、或卷曲的、或它们的组合(包括起褶皱的、加捻的、和卷曲的)。这种类型的材料公开于美国专利公布2008/0312622A1(Hundorf)中。交联纤维素纤维在产品包装或使用条件下(例如在婴儿重量下)提供较高的弹性和因此较高的第一吸收层抗压缩抗性。这向芯提供较高的空隙体积、渗透性和液体吸收,从而提供减少的渗漏和改善的干燥性。
适用于分配层的示例性化学交联纤维素纤维公开于美国专利5,549,791、美国专利5,137,537、WO 9534329或美国专利公布2007/118087中。示例性交联剂包括多羧酸诸如柠檬酸和/或聚丙烯酸诸如丙烯酸和马来酸共聚物。
本公开的包含交联纤维素纤维的分配层可包含其它纤维,但是该层可有利地包含按所述层的重量计至少50%、或60%、或70%、或80%、或90%、或甚至至高100%的交联纤维素纤维(包括交联剂)。这种混合的交联纤维素纤维层的示例可包含约70重量%的化学交联的纤维素纤维、约10重量%的聚酯(PET)纤维、和约20重量%的未经处理的纸浆纤维。又如,交联纤维素纤维层可包含约70重量%的化学交联的纤维素纤维、约20重量%的莱赛尔纤维、和约10重量%的PET纤维。又如,该层可包含约68重量%的化学交联的纤维素纤维、约16重量%的未处理的纸浆纤维、和约16重量%的PET纤维。又如,交联纤维素纤维层可包含按重量计约90-100%的化学交联的纤维素纤维。
分配层54可以为具有如在美国专利5,137,537中所公开的程序中所指示进行测量的25至60,或30至45的保水率值的材料。
分配层通常可具有30至400g/m2或100至300g/m2的平均基重,具体地引用在以上规定的范围和其中或从而形成的任何范围内的所有1.0g/m2增量。分配层的密度可根据制品的压缩而改变,但是可在0.03至0.15g/cm3或0.08至0.10g/cm3之间,具体地引用在以上规定的范围和其中或从而形成的任何范围内的所有1.0g/cm3增量,在0.30psi(2.07kPa)下测量。
采集层
ADS可包括采集层52。采集层可设置在分配层54和顶片24之间。采集层52通常可为或可包括非织造材料,诸如SMS或SMMS材料,其包括纺粘层、熔喷层和另外的纺粘层或梳理成网的化学粘结非织造物。非织造材料可为胶乳粘结的。示例性上部采集层52公开于美国专利7,786,341中。可使用梳理成网的树脂粘结的非织造物,尤其是在使用的纤维是实心圆形或圆形且空心的PET短纤维的情况下(6旦尼尔纤维和9旦尼尔纤维的50/50或40/60混合物)。示例性粘结剂是丁二烯/苯乙烯胶乳。非织造物具有其可在转换加工生产线外部制造并以材料卷的形式储存和使用的优点。
采集层52可由胶乳粘结剂例如苯乙烯-丁二烯胶乳粘结剂(SB胶乳)来稳定。
除了上述第一采集层之外,还可使用其它采集层。例如,薄纸层可置于第一采集层和分配层之间。与上述采集层相比,薄纸可具有增强的毛细管分布特性。薄纸层和第一采集层可具有相同尺寸或可具有不同尺寸。例如,薄纸层可在吸收制品的后部比第一采集层延伸得更远。亲水性薄纸的示例为13-15gsm高湿强度,由得自供应商Havix的纤维素纤维制成。
扣紧系统
吸收制品可包括扣紧系统。扣紧系统可用于提供围绕吸收制品的周边的侧向张力,以将吸收制品保持在穿着者上,这对于胶粘尿布而言是典型的。该扣紧系统对于训练裤制品而言可不是必需的,因为这些制品的腰区已经被粘结。扣紧系统可包括扣件,诸如胶带插片、钩-环扣紧部件、互锁扣件诸如插片&狭缝、扣环、按钮、按扣和/或雌雄同体的扣紧部件,但是任何其它合适的扣紧机构也在本公开的范围内。着陆区44通常设置在前腰区5的面向衣服的表面上,用于使扣紧件可释放地附接至其上。一些示例性表面扣紧系统公开于美国专利3,848,594;美国专利4,662,875;美国专利4,846,815;美国专利4,894,060;美国专利4,946,527;美国专利5,151,092和美国专利5,221,274中。示例性互锁扣紧系统公开于美国专利6,432,098中。扣紧系统也可提供将制品固持处于处理构型的机构,如授予Robertson等人的美国专利4,963,140中所公开。
扣紧系统还可包括一级和二级扣紧系统,如美国专利4,699,622中所公开,以减少重叠部分的偏移或改善贴合性,如美国专利5,242,436、美国专利5,499,978、美国专利5,507,736和美国专利5,591,152中所公开。
前耳片和后耳片
在一个实施例中,吸收制品可包括前耳片46和后耳片40。这些耳片可为基础结构的整体部分,诸如由顶片24和/或底片26作为侧片形成。另选地,如图1所示,这些耳片可以为通过胶粘、热压花和/或压力粘结而附接的独立元件。后耳片40可为可拉伸的,以有助于插片42附接在着陆区40上,并将胶粘尿布保持在围绕穿着者腰部的适当位置。后耳片40还可以为弹性或可延展的,以通过初始适形地配合吸收制品为穿着者提供更舒适和适形性贴合,并且当吸收制品负载有流出物时在整个穿着期间维持该贴合性,因为弹性化耳片允许吸收制品的侧边伸展和收缩。
弹性腰部结构
吸收制品还可包括至少一个弹性腰部结构(未示出),其有助于提供改善的贴合性和抑制性。弹性腰部结构通常旨在弹性伸展和收缩以动态适合穿着者的腰部。弹性腰部结构可从吸收芯28的至少一个腰部边缘至少沿纵向向外延伸,并通常形成吸收制品的端边的至少一部分。可构造一次性尿布使得具有两个弹性腰部结构,一个定位于前腰区内而另一个定位于后腰区内。弹性腰部结构可以多种不同的构型构造,包括描述于美国专利4,515,595、美国专利4,710,189、美国专利5,151,092和美国专利5,221,274中的那些。
层之间的关系
通常相邻层和部件可使用常规的粘结方法诸如通过槽式涂布或喷涂到层的整个或部分表面上的粘合剂涂层、热粘结、压力粘结或它们的组合而接合在一起。为了清除和易读,这种粘结在图中未示出(腿箍65的凸起元件与顶片24之间的粘结除外),但是制品的层之间的粘结应认为是存在的,除非明确排除。粘合剂可用于改善不同层之间,例如底片25和芯包裹物之间的粘附。胶可为本领域中已知的任何合适的热熔融胶。
如果存在采集层52,则可能希望的是该采集层在纵向尺寸和/或横向尺寸上大于或至少与分配层54一样大。因此,分配层52可设置在采集层上。这简化了处理,尤其是如果采集层为可从库存材料卷展开的非织造物。分配层还可直接沉积在芯包裹物的吸收芯的上侧或制品的其它层上。另外,具有大于分配层的采集层52允许将采集层直接胶粘至储存芯(在较大区域处)。这可提供增加的贴片完整性和更好的液体连通。
吸收芯并且具体地其吸收材料沉积区域8可与采集-分配系统(ADS)至少一样大一样长并且至少部分地大于和/或长于该系统。这是因为芯中的吸收材料可比ADS更有效地保持流体并在较大区域中提供干燥有益效果。吸收制品可具有矩形SAP层和非矩形(成型的)ADS。吸收制品还可具有矩形(未成型的)ADS和矩形SAP层。
卫生巾特征结构
在一个实施例中,参见图22,吸收制品可以为卫生巾3010。卫生巾3010可包括液体可透过的顶片3014、液体不可透过或液体基本上不可透过的底片3016、以及吸收芯3018。吸收芯3018可具有本文相对于吸收芯28所描述的任何或全部特征结构,并且在一些实施例中,可具有第二顶片代替以上公开的采集-分配系统。卫生巾3010还可包括相对于卫生巾3010的纵向轴线3080向外延伸的护翼3020。卫生巾3010还可包括侧向轴线3090。护翼3020可接合到顶片3014、底片3016、和/或吸收芯3018。卫生巾3010还可包括前边缘3022、与前边缘3022纵向相对的后边缘3024、第一侧边3026、以及与第一侧边3026纵向相对的第二侧边3028。纵向轴线3080可从前边缘3022的中点延伸至后边缘3024的中点。侧向轴线3090可从第一侧边3028的中点延伸至第二侧边3028的中点。卫生巾3010还可具有如本领域中所公知的常常存在于卫生巾中的附加特征结构。
制造制品的方法
本公开的吸收制品和卫生巾可通过本领域中已知的任何合适的方法制造。具体地,制品可手工制成或以高速在工业上生产。
本文所公开的量纲和值不应被理解为严格限于所引用的精确值。相反,除非另外指明,每个这样的量纲旨在表示所述值以及围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如,所公开的量纲“40mm”旨在表示“约40mm”。
除非明确排除或换句话讲有所限制,本文所引用的每个文献包括任何交叉引用或相关的专利或专利申请,据此全文均以引用方式并入本文。对任何文献的引用均不是承认其为本文公开的或受权利要求书保护的任何实施例的现有技术也不是承认其独立地或以与任何其它一个或多个参考文献的任何组合的方式提出、建议或公开任何此类实施例。此外,当本文献中术语的任何含义或定义与以引用方式并入的文献中相同术语的任何含义或定义冲突时,应以本文献中赋予该术语的含义或定义为准。
尽管已举例说明和描述了本公开具体实施例,但对于本领域的那些技术人员显而易见的是,在不背离本公开的实质和保护范围的情况下可作出许多其它的变化和修改。因此,旨在将属于本公开内容保护范围内的所有这些变化和修改涵盖在附加的权利要求书中。
Claims (15)
1.一种吸收制品,包括:
前边缘(10);
与所述前边缘纵向相对的后边缘(12);
第一侧边(3);
与所述第一侧边侧向相对的第二侧边(4);
从所述前边缘的中点延伸至所述后边缘的中点的纵向轴线(80);
从所述第一侧边的中点延伸至所述第二侧边的中点的侧向轴线(90);
液体可透过的顶片(24);
液体不可透过的底片(25);以及
吸收芯(28),所述吸收芯至少部分地设置在所述顶片和所述底片中间并且包括封闭吸收材料的芯包裹物,其中所述芯包裹物包含第一非织造物(16)和第二非织造物(16’),其中所述第一非织造物形成至少部分地围绕所述第二非织造物的C-包裹物,其中所述吸收材料包含按所述吸收材料的重量计至少80%的超吸收聚合物,其中所述吸收芯包括基本上不含超吸收聚合物、至少部分地在所述制品的纵向上取向并且包括弧形部分的通道(26),其中所述通道具有平行于所述侧向轴线获得的侧向宽度,并且其中所述通道在沿着所述纵向轴线获得的所述通道的至少50mm纵向长度上的所述侧向宽度的曲线图是基本上恒定的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中所述基本上恒定的侧向宽度在约5mm至约10mm的范围内。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收芯包括基本上不含所述超吸收聚合物并且至少部分地在所述制品的纵向上取向的第二通道(26),其中所述第二通道具有平行于所述侧向轴线获得的侧向宽度,并且其中所述第二通道定位在作为所述通道的所述纵向轴线的相对侧上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的吸收制品,其中所述第二通道在所述纵向长度上的所述侧向宽度的曲线图是基本上恒定的。
5.根据权利要求4所述的吸收制品,其中所述通道和所述第二通道在所述吸收制品内具有相同的纵向长度。
6.根据权利要求5所述的吸收制品,其中所述通道和所述第二通道在沿着所述通道和所述第二通道的点处的所述侧向宽度是基本上相同的。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收芯包括基本上不含所述超吸收聚合物并且至少部分地在所述纵向上取向的至少三个通道(26、26’、27、27’),其中两个所述通道的所述纵向长度是基本上相同的,并且其中所述另一个通道的所述纵向长度是不同的。
8.根据权利要求7所述的吸收制品,其中第三通道在所述纵向长度上的平均侧向宽度不同于所述通道或所述第二通道在所述纵向长度上的平均侧向宽度。
9.根据权利要求7所述的吸收制品,其中所述通道各自具有平行于所述侧向轴线获得的侧向宽度,其中所述通道在沿着所述纵向轴线获得的至少20mm纵向长度上的所述侧向宽度的总和的曲线图具有两个最高峰,并且其中所述最高峰通过至少3mm的所述纵向长度彼此分开。
10.根据权利要求7所述的吸收制品,其中所述通道各自具有平行于所述侧向轴线获得的侧向宽度,其中所述通道在沿着所述纵向轴线获取的至少20mm纵向长度上的所述侧向宽度的总和的曲线图是双峰的并且具有在两个模式之间的部分,在所述部分中,所述三个通道的所述侧向宽度的总和为零。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收制品,包括采集-分配系统(50),所述采集-分配系统包括两个层,其中所述采集-分配系统至少部分地定位在所述吸收芯和所述顶片中间,并且其中所述层中的一个包含至少50重量%的交联纤维素纤维。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收芯包括:
第一吸收层,所述第一吸收层包含所述第一非织造物和所述超吸收聚合物的第一层(61);
第二吸收层,所述第二吸收层包含所述第二非织造物和所述超吸收聚合物的第二层(62);以及
纤维热塑性粘合剂材料(51),所述纤维热塑性粘合剂材料将所述超吸收聚合物的所述层至少部分地粘结至它们相应的非织造物。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收芯,其中所述吸收材料包含按所述吸收材料的总重量计至少95重量%的所述超吸收聚合物,并且其中所述吸收芯的所述吸收材料包含少于5%重量百分比的天然或合成纤维。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述第一非织造物和所述第二非织造物通过所述通道的一部分彼此粘结。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收制品,包括至少部分地在所述前边缘和所述后边缘之间在所述纵向轴线的相对侧上延伸的一对阻隔腿箍(34),其中每个阻隔腿箍包括:
接合到所述顶片或所述底片的近侧边缘(64);和
游离端边(66)。
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CA2994492C (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2019-12-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent articles with channels and signals |
EP2740449B1 (en) | 2012-12-10 | 2019-01-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent article with high absorbent material content |
EP2740452B1 (en) | 2012-12-10 | 2021-11-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent article with high absorbent material content |
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US9216116B2 (en) | 2012-12-10 | 2015-12-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent articles with channels |
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-
2012
- 2012-12-10 US US13/709,169 patent/US8979815B2/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-12-05 CN CN201380064472.7A patent/CN104853704B/zh active Active
- 2013-12-05 JP JP2015547421A patent/JP6203860B2/ja active Active
- 2013-12-05 PL PL13812326T patent/PL2928430T3/pl unknown
- 2013-12-05 EP EP13812326.0A patent/EP2928430B1/en active Active
- 2013-12-05 DE DE202013012655.8U patent/DE202013012655U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2013-12-05 WO PCT/US2013/073350 patent/WO2014093128A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-12-05 BR BR112015013461-0A patent/BR112015013461B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2013-12-05 DE DE202013012657.4U patent/DE202013012657U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2013-12-05 IN IN3954DEN2015 patent/IN2015DN03954A/en unknown
- 2013-12-05 RU RU2015119597/12A patent/RU2605066C1/ru active
- 2013-12-05 CA CA2894246A patent/CA2894246C/en active Active
- 2013-12-05 DE DE202013012656.6U patent/DE202013012656U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2013-12-05 MX MX2015006934A patent/MX345447B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2013-12-05 ES ES13812326.0T patent/ES2644836T3/es active Active
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CN107949359A (zh) * | 2015-09-22 | 2018-04-20 | 宝洁公司 | 具有弯曲通道的吸收制品 |
CN107949359B (zh) * | 2015-09-22 | 2021-11-26 | 宝洁公司 | 具有弯曲通道的吸收制品 |
CN109789041A (zh) * | 2016-10-11 | 2019-05-21 | 宝洁公司 | 小巧的一次性吸收制品 |
WO2019204973A1 (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2019-10-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent pant having an absorbent core with channels |
US11938008B2 (en) | 2018-04-24 | 2024-03-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent pant having an absorbent core with continuous channel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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RU2605066C1 (ru) | 2016-12-20 |
JP2015536799A (ja) | 2015-12-24 |
CA2894246C (en) | 2018-08-14 |
BR112015013461B1 (pt) | 2021-09-28 |
CN104853704B (zh) | 2018-02-16 |
CL2015001586A1 (es) | 2015-10-02 |
EP2928430B1 (en) | 2017-08-16 |
MX2015006934A (es) | 2015-09-21 |
IN2015DN03954A (zh) | 2015-10-02 |
MX345447B (es) | 2017-01-31 |
WO2014093128A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
JP6203860B2 (ja) | 2017-09-27 |
DE202013012657U1 (de) | 2018-04-27 |
DE202013012655U1 (de) | 2018-03-08 |
BR112015013461A2 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
DE202013012656U1 (de) | 2018-03-08 |
US8979815B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 |
PL2928430T3 (pl) | 2018-01-31 |
US20140163500A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
EP2928430A1 (en) | 2015-10-14 |
CA2894246A1 (en) | 2014-06-09 |
JP2017221722A (ja) | 2017-12-21 |
ES2644836T3 (es) | 2017-11-30 |
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