TWI239847B - N-terminal fragment of Abeta peptide and an adjuvant for preventing and treating amyloidogenic disease - Google Patents
N-terminal fragment of Abeta peptide and an adjuvant for preventing and treating amyloidogenic disease Download PDFInfo
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- TWI239847B TWI239847B TW087119660A TW87119660A TWI239847B TW I239847 B TWI239847 B TW I239847B TW 087119660 A TW087119660 A TW 087119660A TW 87119660 A TW87119660 A TW 87119660A TW I239847 B TWI239847 B TW I239847B
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Description
1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(1 ) 相關申請案之前後參照 本申請案优先權出自USSN 60/067’740 (1 9 9 7年1 2月2日申請)以及USSN60/ 080,970 (1998年4月7日申請),兩案全部 內容倂爲本案之參考資料。 技術領域 本發明係在於免疫及藥物之技術領域內。 背景 阿茲海默氏疾病(AD )係爲造成老年性痴呆症之進 行性疾病。一般見於:3611^6,丁川316,4 0 3 -4 0 9 ( 1 9 9 3 ) ; Hardy et al·,WO 92/1 3069; Selkoe, J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol· 53,438 — 447 ( 1 9 9 4); Duff et al.,Nature 3 7 3,47 6 -477 (1995) » Games et al., Nature 3 7 3 J 523 (1995).廣義而言,此疾病分爲兩二類:晚 期發生-其發作於晚年(6 5.歲以上)以及早期發生-其在年 老前(亦即,3 5 - 6 0歲)早已發作。此二類疾病之病 理學均相同,但早期發作之情況下,異常情形較爲嚴重且 較普及。此疾病之特徵在於腦內之二種損害--老年斑及 神經纖維糾結。老年斑係爲腦組織切片之顯微鏡分析中可 見及的與中央胞外致澱粉樣沉積交錯之多達1 5 0 //m的 瓦解神經氈區域。神經纖維糾結係爲由一對彼此交錯纖維 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) Φ
、1T 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210Χ297公釐) -4- 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(2 ) 所組成之t a u蛋白質的胞內沉積。 斑之主成分係爲以A yS或/3 -致澱粉樣肽爲名之肽。 A /3肽係以致澱粉樣先驅蛋白質(A P P )爲名之先驅蛋 白質的3 9 — 4 3胺基酸內在片段。APP蛋白質內之幾 個突變已和阿茲海默氏疾病之存在有所關聯。見於,例如 ’ Goate et al·,Nature 349,704) ( 1 9 9 1 )(
Valine^^ toisoleucine) ; Chartier Harlan et al., Nature 3 5 3,8 4 4 ( 1 9 9 1 ) ) (valine717 to glycine); Murrell et al., Science 254, 97 ( 199 1 ) (valine 717 to 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 phenylalanine) ;Mullan et al., Nature Genet. 1 » 3 4 5 ( 1 9 9 2 )(改變賴胺酸595-甲硫胺酸596成爲門冬醯胺 5 9 5-白胺酸5 9 6之雙重突變)。前述突變被認爲是由 於提高或改變APP之處理成,尤其是,APP之處理成 較高量長形態A/3 (亦即,A/51 — 42及AySl - 43 )而引起阿茲海默氏疾病。在其他基因中之突變(諸如, 早老基因,PS 1及PS 2)被認爲是間接影響APP之 處理而產生較高量長形態A /3 (見於Hardy,TINS 20,154 ( 1 997).)。這些觀察指出AyS (尤其 是長形態)是阿茲海默氏疾病之起因。
McMichael ( E P 5 2 6,5 1 1 )提議投服類似劑 量(小於或等於l/l〇〇mg/day) A/S至預先發 作阿茲海默氏疾病AD之病人。在具有5升血漿之一般人 中,甚至此一劑量之上限亦預期產生不大於2 p g/m 1 之濃度。人體血漿中之Α Θ正常濃度通常係在5 0 - -5- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 1239847 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明(3 ) 20〇pg/ml 範圍內(Seubert et aUNature 3 5 9 , 325 — 327(1992)。因爲 EP 526,511 所提出之劑量幾乎不能改變A /3之內在循環値且E P 526,511不推薦使用佐助劑,所以’似乎不可能獲 致任何治療效益。 相反地,本發明係關於藉由在使病人產生有利免疫反 應之情況下,投服A Θ或其他免疫原至病人以治療阿茲海 默氏疾病及其他致澱粉樣變性病。本發明因而達到了有關 預防或消除阿茲海默氏疾病之神經病理學治療法的長久以 來需求。 本發明總論 一方面,本發明係提供預防或治療病人之以致澱粉樣 沉積爲特徵之疾病。此等方法使能減少病人對致澱粉樣沉 積之肽成分的免疫反應。前述降低可藉由投服免疫原而予 以活化或投服抗體或抗體之活性片段或衍生物而予以鈍化 。在某些病人中,致澱粉樣沉積係爲凝集之Α Θ肽而疾病 係爲阿茲海默氏疾病。在某,些方法中’病人是無症狀的。 在某些方法中,病人年齡小於5 0歲。在某些方法中,病 人具有易罹患阿茲海默氏疾病之遺傳性危險因子。前述危 險因子包括在早老基因P S 1或P S 2中的各種對偶値以 及各種形態之A P P。在其他方法中’病人並沒有任何阿 茲海默氏疾病之已知危險因子。 有關罹患阿茲海默氏疾病之病人的治療,一種治療法 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
、1T 辞 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210Χ297公釐) · 6 · 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(4 ) 是爲投服一劑量之A /3肽至病人以誘起免疫反應。在某些 方法中,A Θ肽係與用以增強對A yS肽之免疫反應的佐助 劑一起投服。在某些方法中,佐助劑係爲明礬。在某些方 法中,佐助劑係爲Μ P L。投服至病人之A /3肽劑量通常 爲至少1或1 0 u g (若與佐助劑一起投服的話)及爲至 少5 0 U g (若未與佐助劑一起投服的話)。在某些方法 中,此劑量爲至少1 0 0 u g。 在某些方法中,A/3肽是爲A/3 1 — 42。在某些方 法中,A Θ肽係以凝集形態投服。在其他方法中,A沒肽 係以解離形態投服。在某些方法中,治療劑是有效劑量之 編碼A /3的核酸或其活性片段或衍生物。編碼A /3之核酸 或其片段係表現於病人體內以產生A /3或其活性片段(其 誘起免疫反應)。在某些前述方法中,核酸係經皮膚投服 ,隨意地經由貼片。在某些方法中,治療劑係藉由篩選同 系化合物以辨識出可與A /5抗體產生反應之化合物,再投 服此化合物至病人以誘起免疫反應。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 在某些方法中,免疫反應係針對凝集之A /3而不針對 解離之A々。例如,免疫反.應包括T —細胞,該T 一細胞 係結合至與CD 8或CD 4細胞上之MCH 1或 MHCI I錯合的A/5上。在其他方法中,免疫反應係由 投服Α Θ之抗體至病人而誘起。在某些方法中免疫反應係 藉由移除病人之T -細胞,在T -細胞已接觸抗原之情況 下,令T 一細胞與ΑΘ肽接觸,再取代病人之T 一細胞。 治療劑通常是經口,經鼻內,經皮內,經皮下,經肌 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 1239847 A7B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(5 ) 肉,局部或靜脈內投服。在某些方法中,在投藥後監視病 人以評估免疫反應。若監視中顯示出免疫反應在此時間內 降低的話,則投服額外之一或更多劑量的藥劑予病人。 另一方面,本發明係提供包含A /3以及適供經口或其 他投藥途徑之佐助劑的藥學組成物。本發明亦提供包含可 有效降低病人對A /3之免疫反應的藥劑以及藥學上可接受 佐助劑的藥學組成物。在某些前述組成物中,藥劑是A 0 或其活性片段。在某些組成物中,佐助劑包含明礬。在某 些組成物中,佐助劑包含油在水中型乳液。在某些組成物 中,A0或活性片段是聚交酯聚乙交酯共聚物或其他分子 之一成分。本發明還提供包含連接至可促進A /3輸送至病 人血流中和/或促進對A /3之免疫反應的共軛分子上的 A /3或其活性片段之組成物。例如,共軛體可供促進對 A沒之免疫反應。在某些組成物中,佐助劑係爲霍亂毒素 。在某些組成物中,共軛體係爲免疫球蛋白。在某些組成 物中,共軛體係爲減弱之白喉毒素CRM 1 9 7 ( Gupta, Vaccine 15,1341 — 3(1997)) · ,^ 本發明亦提供包含可有,效降低病人對A 之免疫反應 的藥劑之組成物,唯其先決條件爲此組成物不含Complete Freund's佐助劑。本發明亦提供包含編碼A /3或其活性片 段之病毒載體的有效降低對A /5之免疫反應的組成物。適 當之病毒載體包括庖疹,腺病毒,腺伴隨病毒,逆病毒, 辛德畢斯病毒(sindbis ),西門利克森林α病毒(semiliki f 〇 r e s t v i ru s ),牛痘或禽痘(a v i a η ρ ο X )。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210Χ297公釐) -8- 1239847 A7 ___B7 五、發明説明(6 ) 本發明還提供預防或治療阿茲海默氏疾病的方法。在 此等方法中,投服有效劑量之Α Θ肽給病人。本發明還提 供A /3或其抗體在製造預防或治療阿茲海默氏疾病用藥物 方面的用途。 在另一方面,本發明提供一種評估阿茲海默氏疾病治 療法對病人之效力大小的方法。在這些方法中,基底數量 之對A Θ且專一性的抗體係在病人用藥劑治療前取得之組 織樣本中測定。再以病人使用藥劑治療後取得之組織樣本 中的對Α Θ具專一性之抗體數量與A /3肽-專一性抗體之基 底數量相比較。治療後測得之A $肽-專一性抗體數量遠大 於其基底數量代表正面治療結果。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 在其他評估阿茲海默氏疾病治療法對病人之效力大小 的方法中,測定在病人用藥劑治療前取得之組織樣本中的 A 0肽-專一性抗體的基底數量。再以病人使用藥劑治療後 取得之組織樣本中的對A 0具專一性之抗體數量與A f肽-專一性抗體之基底數量相比較。治療後測得之A /3肽·專一 性抗體數量與其基底數量相較下,若其數量降低或無顯著 差異,則代表負面治療結果,。 在其他評估阿茲海默氏疾病治療法對病人之效力大小 的方法中,測定由對照組取得之組織樣本中,A卢肽·專一 性抗體的對照數量。再以病人使用藥劑治療後取得之組織 樣本中的對Α Θ具專一性之抗體數量與A /3肽·專一性抗體 之對照數量相比較。治療後測得之A 0肽-專一性抗體數量 遠大於其對照數量代表正面治療結果。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準( CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 7〇Τ ' 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(7 ) 在其他評估阿茲海默氏疾病治療法對病人之效力大小 的方法中,測定由對照組取得之組織樣本中,Α Θ肽-專一 性抗體的對照數量。再以病人使用藥劑治療後取得之組織 樣本中的對A /3 具專一性之抗體數量與A /3肽-專一性抗 體之對照數量相比較。治療後測得之A Θ肽-專一性抗體數 量與其對照數量間缺乏顯著差異代表負面治療結果。 其他監視病人之阿茲海默氏疾病或其易感性的方法包 括偵測由病人取得之樣本對A Θ肽的免疫反應。在某些前 述方法中,病人經投服有效治療或預防阿茲海默氏疾病之 藥劑,再由反應大小決定病人之進一步治療法。 在其他評估阿茲海默氏疾病治療法對病人之效力大小 的方法中,測定病人使用藥劑治療後取得之組織樣本中的 對A /3具專一性之抗體數量値。此數量値再與由使用藥劑 治療而歷經改善或消除阿茲海默氏疾病徵狀之病人組取得 的對照値相比較。病人之此數量値至少等於對照値代表正 面治療反應。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 附圖之簡要說明 . / 附圖1 :用A /3 1 - 4 2注射突變鼴鼠後之抗體滴定 度。 附圖2 ··海馬內之致澱粉樣負荷。致澱粉樣斑佔據之 海馬區的面積百分比(藉由與A/5 —專一性mA/3 3 D 6 之反應性定義)係由免疫反應之腦部的電腦協助定量影像 分析測得。每一鼴鼠之値係以治療組分類示出。每一群組 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _ · 1239847 A7 _______ B7 五、發明説明(8 ) 之水平線代表分布之中間値。 附圖3 :海馬內之神經突失養症。神經突失養症占有 之海馬區的面積百分比(藉由與人類A P P 一專一性 m A《8 E 5之反應性定義)係由免疫反應之腦部的電腦 協助定量影像分析測得。每一鼴鼠之値係以A N 1 7 9 2 治療組及P B S治療對照組示出。每一群組之水平線代表 分布之中間値。 附圖4:逆脾皮質(retrosplenial cortex)內之星形細 胞增多症。神經膠質之纖維酸性蛋白質(GFAP) -陽 性星形細胞增多症佔據之海馬區的面積百分比係由免疫反 應之腦部的電腦協助定量影像分析測得。每一鼴鼠之値係 以治療組分類示出且每一群組之水平線代表分布之中間値 〇 附圖 5:在使用 0.14,0.4,1.2,3. 7 ’ 11 ,33,100,或300//g八種劑量範圍內之 AN 1 7 9 2免疫後,對A/3 1 - 4 2的幾何平均抗體滴 定度。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 附圖6 :抗體對AN 1.7 9 2免疫作用之反應動力學 。滴定度係以每一組中,6隻動物之幾何平均値表示。 附圖7:在經PBS —及AN1792 —治療之鼴鼠 中,皮質致澱粉樣負荷之定量影像分析。 附圖8:在經PBS —及AN1 7 9 2 -治療之鼴鼠 中,神經突斑負荷之定量影像分析。 附圖9:在經PBS —及AN1792 -治療之鼴鼠 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _ ” · 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(10 ) 線時(諸如,藉由染色體斷裂程式或使用短少染色體斷裂 重量之BESTFIT),至少6 5 %序列相同,宜爲至少8 0或 9 0 %序列相同,更宜爲至少9 5 %或以上(例如’ 9 9 %或以上)之序列相同。更理想的是,不相同之殘基位置 僅爲保留性胺基酸取代所造成之差異而已。 對序列比較而言,通常係以一序列作爲參考序列而以 其與測試序列相比較。當使用序列比較計數法時,測試與 參考序列被輸入電腦中,再命名序列位置。序列比較計數 法再計算測試序列與參考序列之序列相同百分比(根據設 定之程式參數)。 序列在比較時之較理想排列成線可藉由,例如,Smith &Waterman,Adv. Appl. Math· 2 : 482 (1981)之 局部同源染色體計數法,Needleman&Wunsch,J. Mol· Biol. 4 8 : 4 4 3 ( 1 9 7 0 )之同源染色體排列成線計數法 ,Pearson &Lipman,Proc. Nat'l Acad· Sci. USA 8 5 : 24444 (1988)之類比方法硏究,這些計數法之 電腦運算(GAP, BESTFIT,FASTA,and TFASTA,in the Wisconsin Genetics Software Package, Genetics Computer Group, 5 7 5 Science Dr.,Madison,WI),或肉眼檢視( 一般見於Ausubel et al.,同上)進行。一般而言,縱使亦可 使用訂製之參數,但可使用短少程式參數法進行序列比較 〇 爲了區分胺基酸取代係爲保留性或非保留性,將胺基 酸分組如下··第I組(疏水性側鏈):正亮胺酸,甲硫胺 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _ 一 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(11 ) 酸,丙胺酸,纈胺酸,亮胺酸,異亮胺酸;第I I組(中 性親水性側鏈):半胱胺酸,絲胺酸,蘇胺酸,第I I I 組(酸性側鏈):天冬胺酸,麩胺酸;第I V組(鹼性側 鏈):a s η,葡胺酸,組胺酸,賴胺酸,精胺酸;第V 組(殘基影響側鏈方位):甘胺酸,脯胺酸;及第V I組 (芳族側鏈):色胺酸,酪胺酸,苯丙胺酸。保留性取代 涉及在同組胺基酸間之取代。非保留性取代則係不同組胺 基酸間之取代。 本發明之治療劑通常是實際上純一的。此意指該藥劑 通常至少約5 0 % w / w (重量/重量)純度,以及實際 上不含干擾蛋白質及雜質。有時,此藥劑爲至少約8 0% w/w,且更宜爲至少約9 0%w/w或約9 5%w/w 。但是,使用傳統之蛋白質純化技術可得到至少9 9 % w/w之同源肽。 二實體間之專一性結合意指至少1 0 6,1 0 7, 1 0 8,1 0 9,或1 0 1 0 Μ — 1之親和力。大於 1 0 8 Μ 一1之親和力是較理想的。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 ”抗體”一詞係用以每括完整抗競體及其結合片段。 通常,片段與其所衍生的完整抗體相競爭以結合至抗原。 任意地,抗體或其結合片段可與其他蛋白質化學共軛至, 或表現爲融合蛋白質。 ΑΡΡ695 ,ΑΡΡ751 ,及 ΑΡΡ770 各別 代表人類ΑΡΡ基因編碼之695,751及770胺基 酸殘基長多肽。見於Kang,et aUNature 3 2 5,7 7 3 ( -14 - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(12 ) 1 9 8 7 ); Ponte et al., Nature 33 1,525 ( 1 988 );及 K i t a g u c h i e t a 1 ·,N a t u r e 331,530 (1988) 〇 在人類致澱粉樣先驅蛋白質(A P P )間之胺基酸係根據 A P P 7 7 0異構形態之序列指定號碼。諸如,A /3 3 9 ,A/S40 ,AyS41 ,Α々42及A/343之用語係指 包含胺基酸殘基1 — 39,1 一 40,1 — 41, 1 — 42 及 1 — 43 的 AyS 肽。 ”抗原決定基”或”抗原決定子”係指B和/或丁-細胞反應之抗原位置。B -細胞抗原決定基可由蛋白質之 第三摺並列的連續胺基酸或非連續胺基酸形成。由連續胺 基酸形成之抗原決定基通常在曝露於變性溶劑下時仍保持 不變而由第三褶形成之抗原決定基通常在變性溶劑處理下 喪失。抗原決定基通常包含至少3,且通常更多,至少5 或8 - 1 0個胺基酸於獨一空間構形中。決定抗原決定基 之空間構形的方法包括,例如,X -射線結晶法及2 -維 核磁共振。見於,例如,Epitope,Mapping Protocols in Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 66 Glenn E. Morris, Ed. ( 1 9 9 6 )。識別相同抗原決定基之抗體可於示出一 抗體阻止另一抗體結合至標的抗原之能力的簡單免疫分析 法中辨識出來。T 一細胞識別C D 8之9個胺基酸或第 C D 4細胞之約1 3 — 1 5個胺基酸的連續抗原決定基。 識別抗原決定基之T -細胞可藉由測定抗原-相依性增殖 作用之體外分析法辨識出,如同藉由與抗原決定基反應之 已和抗原接觸的T —細胞的3 Η —胸腺核苷倂入法(Burke (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 1239847 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 _ 五、發明説明(13 ) et al., J. Inf. Dis. 170,1110 - 19 (1994 )),藉由抗原一相依性殺死(cytotoxic T lymphocyte assay, Tigges et al·,J. Immunol. 15 6 ,3901 — 3 9 1 0 )或胞質分泌法測定。 ”免疫的”或”免疫”反應用語是針對接受病人之致 澱粉樣肽的有利體液(抗體媒介)和/或細胞(由抗原專 一性T -細胞或其分泌產物所媒介)反應的發展。此一反 應可爲藉由投服免疫原而引起之主動反應或爲藉由投服抗 體或已接觸抗原之T -細胞而引起之被動反應。細胞免疫 反應係由多肽抗原決定基以及第I類或第I I類MHC分 子之存在以活化抗原-專一性C D 4 +協助者細胞和/或 C D 8 +胞毒性T -細胞而証實。反應亦涉及單核細胞, 巨噬體,N K細胞,嗜鹼細胞,樹突細胞,星形膠質細胞 ,小神經膠細胞,嗜曙紅細胞或其他遺傳免疫成分的活化 。細胞一媒介之免疫反應可藉由增殖性分析(C D 4 + T 一細胞)或C T L (胞毒性T淋巴球)分析(見於 Burke,同前;Tigges,同前)測得。體液及細胞對免疫原之 保護或治療作用的相對反輝貢獻可藉由分別從經免疫之同 基因動物分離出IgG及T-細胞並測定第二個體中之保 護或治療作用。 ”免疫之藥劑”或”免疫原”在投服(任意地綜合佐 助劑)至病人時,可引起對其本身的免疫反應。 ”裸露之聚核苷酸”一詞係指未錯合膠質物質之聚核 苷酸。裸露之聚核苷酸有時在質粒載體中無性繁殖。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -16- 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(14 ) ’’佐助劑”一詞係指在與抗原綜合投服時,可增強對 抗原之免疫反應,但在單獨投服時,不產生對抗原之免疫 反應的化合物。佐助劑可藉由几種机轉來增強免疫反應, 其机轉包括淋巴球反射增進,B及T -細胞之刺激,以及 巨噬體之刺激。 ”病人”一詞包括接受預防及治療之人類及其他哺乳 類。 不凝集或單體的A Θ意指A 之可溶性單體肽。製備 單體A /3之一方法是爲利用超音波溶解低壓凍乾肽於純的 D M S 0中。離心所得溶液以移除任何不可溶之顆粒。凝 集之A /3是爲寡聚體混合物,其中,單體單元係藉由非共 價鍵結維繫在一起。 ”包括”一或更多所述及元素之組成物或方法可能包 括其他未述及之元素。例如,包含A /3肽之組成物涵括分 離出之A Θ肽及較大多肽序列之一成分的A Θ肽。 詳細說明 / 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) I · 通論 , 本發明提供用以預防及治療以致澱粉樣沉積聚集爲特 徵之疾病的藥學組成物及方法。致澱粉樣沉積包括凝集成 不可溶塊體之肽。肽之性質因不同疾病而異,但在大多數 情況下,凝集物具有Θ -褶薄層構造且可用剛果紅染料染 色。以致澱粉樣沉積爲特徵之疾病包括阿茲海默氏疾病( A D ),涵括晚期及早期發生兩者。在二種疾病中,致澱 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _ 17 · 1239847 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 ____B7_五、發明説明(15 ) 粉樣沉積包括以A /3爲名之肽,其積聚於罹病個體之腦部 內。某些以致澱粉樣沉積爲特徵之其他疾病實例爲S AA 澱粉樣變性病,遺傳性冰島徵候群,多發性骨髓瘤,及海 棉狀腦病---其包括狂牛症,Creutzfeldt Jakob疾病,羊搔癢 症,及紹海棉狀腦病(見於Weissmann et al·,Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 7,695 — 700 (1997) ; Smith et al·,Veterinary Quarterly 19,101 — 105 ( 1 9 9 7 ) ; Nathanson et al., Am. J. Epidemiol. 1 4 5 ,959 — 9 69 (1997))。在這些疾病中形成凝 集體之肽係爲血淸致澱粉樣A,cystantin. C,IgG kappa輕鏈 ,其分別爲他者之前三個prion蛋白質。 I I ·治療 1 ·阿茲海默氏疾病 用於本發明之治療劑包括對抗A Θ之免疫反應。這些 藥劑包括A Θ肽本身)及其變體,同系物及擬態物( numetics)…其誘起和/或與抗體交叉g應而成A/3肽。當投 服免疫原以誘起抗體或T-細.胞與病人體內之A点反應時是爲 主動的免疫反應而當投服本身結合至病人體內之A ^的抗 體時是爲被動的免疫反應。 A厂,亦稱爲/3 —致澱粉樣肽,或A 4肽(見於 US46666829;Glenner & Wong, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 120,1131(1984))是 39 - 43 之肽,其係爲阿茲海默氏疾病之特性斑的主成分。A /3係 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _ _ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(19 ) 白質或融合蛋白質以展現肽。在此等方法中所用之病毒或 細菌必須是非致病原的或被減弱的。適當病毒包括腺病毒 ,HSV,牛痘及禽痘。融合至HBV之Hb sAg的免 疫原肽是最適當的。治療劑亦包括不需具有類似A,之重 要胺基酸序列,但可充作A 之模仿體而誘起類似免疫反 應的肽類及其他化合物。例如,任何形成yS -褶薄層之肽 類及蛋白質可依適用性篩選。亦可使用對抗A Θ或其他致 澱粉樣肽以單株抗體爲對比的非遺傳性型抗體。此等非遺 傳性型抗體模仿抗原而產生對抗原之免疫反應(見於 Essential Immunology ( Roit ed.,Blackwell Scientific Publications, Palo Alto, 6th ed.) P . 1 8 1 )。 肽類或其他化合物之自由基因庫亦可依適用性篩選。 冷組合基因庫可供多種可以一步一步方式合成之化合物。 前述化合物包括多肽,Θ -轉折模仿體,多糖類,磷脂, 荷爾蒙,前列腺素,膽固醇,芳族化合物,雜環化合物, 苯並二氮雜罩,N -經取代甘胺酸齊聚物及寡胺基甲酸鹽 。化合物之大組合物基因庫可由Affymax,W 0 9 5 / 1 2 6 0 8,Affymax, W 0 9 3 / 0 6 1 21, Columbia University,W 〇 9 5 / 3 0 6 4 2 (每一者均 倂爲本發明之參考資料)中所述之編碼合成基因庫( E S L )方法構造出。肽類基因庫亦可由噬菌體顯示方法 產生。見於,例如,Devlin,W0 91/18980。 組合物基因庫及其他化合物先藉由測定它們結合已知 對A Θ或其他致澱粉樣肽具專一性之抗體動淋巴細胞(B 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) · (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(2〇 ) 或T )的能力進行適用性篩選。例如,初始篩選可用A冷 之任何多株血淸或多株抗體或其他致澱粉樣肽進行。由此 篩選辨識出之化合物再進一步分析其誘使抗體或反應性淋 巴細胞變成A Θ或其他致澱粉樣肽的能力。例如,血淸之 多重稀釋液可於預先塗布Α Θ肽之微量滴定板上測試並可 進行標準E L I S A以測定抗體對Α Θ之反應性。再如實 例中所述地測定化合物在預先罹患致澱粉樣變性病之導入 外來基因的動物中之預防或治療效力。前述動物包括,例 如,Games et al·,(同上)所述之具有APP之7 1 7突變 的鼴鼠,以及 McConlogue et al·,US 5612486 及 Hsiao et al., Science 274, 99 ( 1996 ) ; Staufenbiel et al·, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 9 4,1 3 2 8 7 一 13292 (1997) ;Borchelt et al., Neuron 19 ’ 939 — 946 (1997))中所述之具有 Swedish突變的鼴鼠。 本發明之治療劑亦包括與A Θ專一性結合之抗體。前 述抗體可爲單株或多株抗體。某些前_抗體專一性結合至 凝集形態之A 0而不與解離形態結合。某些則專一性結合 解離形態而不結合凝集形態。某些則與解離形態及凝集形 態均可結合。非人類(例如,鼠科動物或家鼠)單株抗體 之產製可由,例如,用A /3使動物免疫而完成。見於 Harlow&Lane, Antibodies, A Laboratiry Manual ( CSHP NY, 1 9 8 8 )(倂爲本發明之參考資料)。此一免疫原 可由天然來源或由肽類合成方法或重組物表現法取得。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -23- 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(21 ) 人類化形態之鼴鼠抗體可藉由重組D N A技術連接非 人類抗體之C D R部分至人類固定部分而產生。見於Queen et al·, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86 ’ 10029-10033 (1989)及 w 〇 90/0786 1 (倂爲本發明之參考資料)。 人類抗體可使用巨噬體-顯示方法取得。見於,例如 ,Dower et al·, wo 91/17271; McCafferty et al.,W〇 92/01047。在這些方法中,巨噬體之 基因庫係以各成分顯示不同抗體於其外表面上製成。抗體 經常顯示爲F v或F a b片段。具有所需專一性之巨噬體 顯示抗體係藉由富含A 0或其片段的親和力作選擇。對抗 A /3之人類抗體亦可由具有編碼至少一段人類免疫球蛋白 區及去活化內源沾免疫球蛋白區之導入外來基因的非人類 導入外來基因之哺乳類。見於,例如,Lonberg et al., W 0 93/122 27 (1993) ; Kucherlapati, W 0 91/10741 (1991)(其均倂爲本發明之 參考資料)。人類抗體可藉由競爭性結合實驗或其他方法 選擇以具有如同特定鼴鼠抗,體之相同抗原決定基專一性。 此等抗體最易於分享鼴鼠之有用功能性質。人類多株抗體 亦可以使用免疫原試劑免疫之人類血淸形態提供。任意地 ,前述多株抗體可藉由使用A Θ或其他致澱粉樣肽作爲親 和劑之親和力純化方法予以濃縮。 人類或人類化抗體可被設計成具有I gG,I gD, I gA及I g E固有區,以及任何抗原決定基,其包括 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _ 24 - 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(22 ) IgGl,IgG2,IgG3 及 IgG4。抗體可被表 現爲包含二輕鏈及二重鏈之四聚物,分開之重鏈,輕鏈, Fab,Fab’ F ( a b, ) 2及Fv,或爲單鏈抗體 ,其中,重及輕鏈可變區係經由間隔基連接。 本方法中所用之治療劑亦包含結合至Α Θ之T -細胞 。例如,T -細胞可藉由從昆蟲細胞系表現人類Μ H C第 I類基因與人類/3 - 2 -小球蛋白基因而使空的複合物形 成於細胞表面上而可結合至A /3肽上,因此對A /3肽具有 活性。與細胞系接觸之T -細胞變成對肽具有專一活性。 見於 Peterson et al·, US 5 3 1 4 8 13。表現 MHC 第I I類抗原之昆蟲細胞糸可類似地用以活化C D 4 T細 胞。 2 ·其他疾疾 相同或類似的原理決定治療其他致澱粉樣變性病之治 療劑的製備。一般而言,以上所示用以治療阿茲海默氏疾 病之藥劑亦可用以治療伴隨Down's氏症候群之早期發作阿 茲海默氏疾病。在狂牛病中,,使用Prion肽,活性片段及同 系物以及prion肽之抗體取代阿茲海默氏疾病治療中之A冷 肽,活性片段及同系物以及A /3肽之抗體。在多發性骨髓 瘤之治療中、使用I g G輕鏈及其同系物與抗體’其他疾 病亦然。 3 .載體蛋白質 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) · 25 - 1239847 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 __B7五、發明説明(23 ) 某些誘起免疫反應之藥劑包含誘起對抗致澱粉樣沉積 之免疫反應,但太小而不爲免疫原的適當抗原決定基。在 此情況下,肽免疫原可被連接至適當載體上以協助產生免 疫原。適當載體包括血淸白蛋白,keyhole limpet血藍質, 免疫球蛋白分子,甲狀腺球蛋白,卵白蛋白,破傷風毒素 或來自其他致病細菌(諸如,白喉毒素,大腸桿菌,霍亂 弧菌或H. pylori)之毒素或減弱之毒素衍生物。其他刺激 或增強免疫反應之載體包括細胞質(諸如,I L - 1, IL— Ια 及 /3 肽類,IL — 2,rINF,IL—10 ,GM — C S F )及化學激素(諸如,Μ 1 P 1 α及冷與 R A N T E S。 免疫劑可藉由化學交聯連接至載體上。連接免疫原至 載體上之技術包括使用N -琥珀醯亞胺基一 3 -( 2 -吡 啶基一硫代)丙酸鹽(SPDP)及琥珀醯亞胺基酸4 一 (N—馬來醯亞胺基甲基)環己烷一1一甲酸鹽( S M C C )(若肽缺乏硫氫基,則此可由加入半胱胺酸提 供)形成二硫化物鏈結。這些試劑產生在其本身與一蛋白 質上之半胱胺酸間的二硫化,物鏈結以及多經由賴胺酸上之 f -胺基或其他胺基酸中之解離胺基的醯胺鏈結。多種前 述二硫化物/醯胺·形成劑揭示於Immun. Rev. 6 2, 1 8 5 ( 1 9 8 2 )。其他二官能基偶合劑形成硫醚而非 二硫化物鏈結。許多這些硫醚形成劑係爲市面上買得到的 且其包括6 —馬來醯亞胺基己酸,2 —溴基乙酸及2 —碘 基乙酸,4 一(N —馬來醯亞胺基一甲基)環己烷一 1一 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(24 ) 甲酸之反應性酯類。羧基可由結合琥珀醯亞胺或1 -羥基 一 2 -硝基一 4 一磺酸,鈉鹽而予活化。 免疫原肽亦可用載體表現爲融合蛋白質。免疫原肽亦 可連接至載體之胺基終端,羧基終端或內部。任意地,免 疫原肽之多次重複可存在於融合蛋白質內。 4 ·核酸編碼免疫原 對抗致澱粉樣沉積之免疫反應亦可藉由投服核酸編碼 A占肽或其他肽免疫原而誘起。前述核酸可爲D NA或 RNA。編碼免疫原之核酸段通常連接至調節元素(諸如 ,促進子及增強子)上而令DNA段表現於病人之標的細 胞內。爲了表現於血液細胞內,如同誘起免疫反應所需地 ,促進子及增強子元素(來自輕或重鏈免疫球蛋白基因) 或CMV主要中間體早期促進子及增強子適供直接表現。 連接之調節元素及編碼序列經常被植入載體內。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 多種病毒載體系統可供使用,其包括逆病毒系統(見 於,例如,Lawrie and Tumin, Cur. Opin. Genet. Develop 3,102 — 109 (1993 )) •,腺病毒載體(見於 ,例如,Bett et al·,J. Virol. 67,5911 (1993 ));腺結合病毒載體(見於,例如,Zhou et al.J. Exp. Med· 179,1867 (1994)),來自包括疫苗病 毒及禽痘病毒之痘族的病毒載體,來自α病毒屬(諸如, 源自Sindbis及Semliki森林病毒(見於,例如,〇he et al., J. Virol. 70^508-519(1996)),及乳頭 -27- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(25 ) 狀瘤病毒(〇11€61&1.,1111111&11〇€116丁1161&?7 6,3 2 5 — 3 3 3 ( 1 9 9 5 ) ; Woo et al·,W 〇 94/ 1 2 6 2 9 及 Xiao& Brandsma, Nucleic Acids. Res. 24 ’ 2630 - 2622 (1996))之病毒載體。 編碼免疫原之D ΝΑ或含彼之載體可被倂入微脂粒中 。適當之微脂粒及相關同系物揭示於US 5208036 ’ 5264618,5279833 及 5283185 中 。編碼免疫原之載汶及DNA亦可被特定載體吸收或相結 合。其實例包括聚異丁烯酸甲酯聚合物及聚內交酯及聚( 內父酯一共同一乙交酯),見於,例如,McGee et al,m J. Micro Encap. ( 1 9 9 6 ) 0 基因治療載體或裸露D ΝΑ可以藉由投服至個別病人 而在體內輸送,其通常藉由全身性投服(例如,靜脈內, 腹膜內,鼻內,胃內,真皮內,肌內,皮下、或顱內輸液 )或局部投服(見於,例如,U S 5 3 9 9 3 4 6 )。 D Ν Α亦可使用基因槍投服。見於Xiao&Brandsma,同上。 編碼免疫原之DNA係沈澱至極小的金屬珠表面上。微投 射物再以震動波或擴散氦氣.加速,再穿透組織至几個細胞 層深。例如,Agacetus,Inc. Middleton WI 製造之 AccelTM Gene DeliverDevice是適用的。或者,裸露 D N A 可簡單地藉由使用化學或机械刺激以將D Ν Α放置於皮膚 上而通過皮膚進入血流中(見於W〇95/05853) 〇 在其他變化中,編碼免疫原之載體可被傳送至體外細 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、11 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -28- 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 五、發明説明(26 ) 胞,諸如,由個別病人外在植入之細胞(例如,淋巴球’ 骨髓抽取液,活體組織檢查)或全適供血者造血幹細胞’ 隨之再移植此細胞至病人體內,經常在選擇已倂入載體之 細胞以後。 III.可治療之病人 可治療之病人包括具有罹病危險性,然未出現病徵之 個體以及已出現病徵之病人。在阿茲海默氏疾病情況下, 若活得夠久的話,則實際上任何人均有罹病的危險性。因 此,本方法可用以避免一般人罹患該疾病之危險性而得預 防之效果。本方法基本上係對已具有阿茲海默氏疾病已知 遺傳危險性的病人有用。前述個體包括已罹患該疾病之病 人親屬以及具有已由遺傳或生化標記之分析測出危險性的 人。罹患阿茲海默氏疾病危險性之遺伝性標記包括在 A P P基因內之突變,尤其是在分別被稱爲Hardy及Swedish 突變之位置7 1 7與位置6 7 0及6 7 1上之突變(見於 Hardy,TINS,同上)。危險性之其他標記係爲在A D,高膽 〆 固醇血症或粥狀動脈硬化症之早老基因(PS1及PS2 )皮Α ρ ο E 4家族歷史中之突變。巳罹患阿茲海默氏疾 病之個體可從特性痴呆及上述之危險因子的存在辨識出。 此外,許多診斷測試可供辨識罹患阿茲海默氏疾病之個體 。這些包括CSF tau及A/342値之測定。高tau 及低A Θ値証明阿茲海默氏疾病之存在。罹患阿茲海默氏 疾病之個體亦可由實例部分中論及之MMS E及 本紙張尺度適财關家料(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐)_ 9Q · —— (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 五、發明説明(27 ) ADRDA評估準則診斷出。 在無徵狀病人中,治療可開始於任何年齡(例如, 10,20,30)。但通常直到病人達到40,50, 6 0或7 0歲時才開始治療。治療通常是在一段時間內予 以多重投藥。治療可藉由評估在投藥期間內之抗體,或經 活化T 一細胞或B —細胞對治療劑(例如,A Θ肽)之反 應。若反應降低則需追加劑量。在潛在唐氏(Down's)症 候群病人中,治療可於出生前投服至母體或一出生即予投 藥° IV·治療用藥法 在預防性用途中,藥學組成物或藥物係以足以消除或 減低危險性或延緩疾病發作之數量投服至易於罹患特定疾 病或具有危險性之病人。在治療用途中,組成物或藥物係 以足以治療或至少部分地遏止疾病及其倂發症之症狀的數 量投服至疑似罹患或已罹患此一疾病之病人。適供投服之 數量定義爲治療-或藥學-有效劑量。在預防及治療兩种 用藥法中,藥劑經常以多劑量投服直到獲致足夠免疫反應 爲止。通常,監視免疫反應而若免疫反應開始減低時給予 重複劑量。 本發明組成物治療上述症狀之有效劑量係隨多種不同 因素而變化,前述因素包括投藥途徑,標的位置,病人之 生理狀況,病人是爲人類或動物,其他投服藥物及治療係 用以預防或治病。通常,病人是爲人類,但在某些疾病( (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公釐) -30 - 1239847 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 A7 __B7五、發明説明(29 ) 途徑亦同樣有效。其次最常用的是肌內注射。此類注射最 常在手臂或腿部肌肉施行。靜脈內注射以及腹膜內注射, 動脈內,顱內或真皮內注射亦有效產生免疫反應。在某些 方法中,藥劑係直接注射於沉積已積聚之特定組織內。 本發明之藥劑可任意與其他至少部分有效治療致澱粉 樣變性病之藥劑綜合投服。在阿茲海默氏疾病及唐氏症候 群(致澱粉樣沉積發生於腦內)之情況下,本發明之藥劑 亦可與其他可促進本發明之藥劑通過血液一腦部障壁之藥 劑一起投服。 本發明之免疫劑(諸如,肽)有時與佐助劑一起投服 。多種佐助劑可與肽(諸如,A /3 )綜合使用以產生免疫 反應。較理想之佐助劑增強對免疫原之固有反應而反致引 起免疫原之構型變化(其影響反應之定量形態)。較佳之 佐助劑包括明礬,3 D e - 0 -醯化單磷脂A ( Μ P L ) (見於GB 2220211) °QS21是從南美發現之 Quillaja Saponaria Molina樹之樹幹分離出之配糖或植物层 素三聚體(見於 Kensil et al·, Vaccine Design: The Subunit andAjuvant Approach ( eds. Powell&Newman, Plenum Press,NY,1 9 9 5 ) ; US Patent No · 5057540 )。其他佐助劑係爲油在水中型乳液(諸如,角鯊烯或花 生油),任意地綜合免疫刺激物,諸如,單磷脂A (見於 Stoute et al.,N. Engl. J. Med. 336,86 — 91 ( 1 9 9 7 ))。另外之佐助劑是 C p G (Bioworld Today, Nov. 15,1998)。或者,A/3可偶合至佐助劑。例 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐) ?32- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(30 ) 如,A/3之脂肽型可以藉由直接偶合棕櫚酸或其他脂質至 A冷之N —端而製得,其係如B型肝炎疫苗(Livingston, J· Immunol· 159,1383 — 1392 (1997)) 所述。但是,前述偶合必需實際上不改變A石之構型以免 影響其免疫反應之性質。佐助劑可以治療組成物之一分子 與活性試劑一起投服或者可以在投服治療劑之前,同時或 之後,各別分開投服。 較佳之佐助劑種類是鋁鹽(明礬),諸如,氫氧化鋁 ,磷酸鋁,硫酸鋁。前述佐助劑可以和或不和其他免疫刺 激劑(諸如,MPL或3 — DMP,QS2 1,聚合或單 體胺基酸,諸如,聚麩胺酸或聚賴胺酸)一起使用。其他 種類之佐助劑是油在水中型乳化組成物。前述佐助劑可以 和或不和其他免疫刺激劑(諸如,胞壁醯基肽(例如,N 一乙醯基胞壁醯基一 L 一蘇胺醯一 D -異麩胺醯胺( t h r - MDP ) ,N -乙醢基一正胞壁醯基—L 一丙胺 醯一 D —異麩胺醯胺(nor - MDP) ,N —乙醯基胞 壁醯基一 L —丙胺醯一 D -異魅胺酿胺基一 L 一丙胺酸一 2 — (1’ 一 2’二棕櫚醯一 s η —甘油一 3 —經基憐醯 氧基)一乙胺(MTP — PE) ,Ν —乙醯基葡胺基一 Ν 一乙醯基胞壁醯基一 L 一 A 1 - D —異麩胺基一 L — A 1 a —二棕櫚醯氧基丙醯胺(DTP - DPP) theramideTM ),或其他細菌胞壁成分。油在水中型乳液包 括(a)MF59 (W〇 90/14837),其包含 5 % 角鯊烯,0 · 5 % Tween80,及 0 · 5 % Span 85 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -33- 1239847 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 _五、發明説明(31 ) Micro fluidics,Newton MA)調製成(任意包含不同數量之 Μ T P - p E ),使用微流化劑(諸如,1 1 0 Υ型微流 化劑(次微米顆粒,(b ) S A F,其包含1 0 %角鯊烯 ,0 · 4%Tween 80,5%pluronic -阻斷之聚合物 L1 2 1 ,及t h I* - M D P,微流化成次微米乳液或反轉而產生 較大顆粒大小乳液,以及(c ) R i b i Τ Μ佐助劑系統 (R A S ) ,( RIBI Immunochem,Hamilton,MT),其包含 2%角鯊烯,0.2% Tween 80,及一或多種細菌胞壁成 分,該等成分來自單磷脂A (MPL),二黴菌酸海藻糖 酯(TDM),以及胞壁骨架(CWS),宜爲MPL + CWS (DetoxTM)。另一類較佳佐助劑是植物皂素佐助劑 ,諸如,StimulonTM(QS21,Aquila,Worcester,MA)或由其 產生之顆粒,諸如,ISCOMs (免疫刺激複合物)及 ISCOMATRIX 〇其他佐助劑包括完全弗瑞得佐助劑( Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA))及不完全弗瑞得佐助 劑(I F A )。其他佐助劑包括細胞激素,諸如,干擾素 (IL— 1,IL — 2,及IL— 12),巨噬體菌落刺 激因子(M— CSF),腫,瘤壞死因子(T N F )。 佐助劑可與免疫原一起以單一組成物形態投服或者可 以在投服免疫原之前,同時或之後各別分開投服。免疫原 與佐助劑可以一起包裝於同一小玻瓶內或者分開包裝於各 別小玻瓶內而在使用前再予混合供應。免疫原及佐助劑通 常用指示治療用途之標箋紙包裝。若免疫原及佐助劑分開 包裝’則其包裝通常包括使用前混合之指示。佐助劑及/ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4胁(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1239847 Δ7 Α7 Β7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(32 ) 或載體之選擇依以下因素而定:包含佐助劑之疫苗安定性 ,投藥途徑,佐助劑對施打疫苗對象的效力,以及,在人 體時,藥學上可接受佐助劑是爲藉由人體投服之合宜調節 體所允許或可允許者。例如,完全弗瑞得佐助劑並不適供 人體投服。明礬,Μ P L及Q S 2 1是較理想的。任意地 ,一或多種不同佐助劑可同時使用。較理想的組合包括明 礬與MPL,明礬與QS21,MPL與QS21,以及 明礬,QS2 1與MPL。而且,亦可使用不完全弗瑞得 佐助劑(Chang et al·,Advanced Drug elivery Reviews 32,173-186 (1998)),任意地綜合明礬 ,Q S 2 1或MP L中任一種以及其所有組合。 本發明之藥劑經常以包含活性治療劑以及各種其他藥 學上可接受成分之藥學組成物形態投服。見於Remington、 t Vi Pharmaceutical Science ( 15L ed., Mack Publishing Company,Easton,Pennsylvania,1980)。較理想的形態依所 期望之投服模式及治療用途而定。組成物依所需組成物而 定地亦可包括藥學上可接受之無毒性載體或稀釋劑,其被 定義爲一般用以調配動物或Λ類投服用組成物的賦形藥。 稀釋劑係選擇不致影響組成物的生化活性者。前述稀釋劑 之實例爲蒸餾水,磷酸鹽緩衝之生理食鹽水,Ringer’s溶液 ,葡萄糖溶液,以及漢氏溶液(Hank、solution)。此外, 藥學組成物或調合物亦可包含其他載體,佐助劑或無毒性 ’無治療性之非免疫原安定劑等。但是,某些適供投服至 動物之藥劑(諸如,完全弗瑞得佐助劑)通常不包含在人 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(33 ) 類使用之組成物內。 藥學組成物亦可包含緩慢代謝之巨大分子,諸如,蛋 白質,多糖類,聚乳酸,聚葡康酸及共聚合物(諸如,乳 汁吕能化瓊脂糖’瓊脂糖,纖維素,等),胺基酸聚合物 ’胺基酸共聚物,以及脂質附聚物(諸如,油滴或脂質體 )。此外,這些載體可充作免疫刺激劑(亦即,佐助劑) 〇 爲供非經腸道投服,本發明之藥劑可以物質在含藥學 載體(其可爲惰性液體,諸如,水油類,食鹽水,甘醇或 乙醇)之藥學上可接受稀釋劑中的可注射溶液或懸浮液。 此外,輔助物質(諸如,,潤濕劑,界面活性劑,PH緩衝 物質等)可存在於組成物中。藥學組成物之其他成分係爲 石油,動物的,植物的或合成來源,例如,花生油,黃豆 油及礦物油。通常,諸如,丙二醇或聚乙二醇之二醇類是 爲較理想的液態載體,尤其是供可注射溶液使用。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 一般而言,組成物係製成可注射之液態溶液或懸浮液 ;亦可製成注射前適供溶於或懸浮於g態賦形藥中之固體 形態。製劑亦可乳化於或納,入微脂粒或巨顆粒(諸如,聚 丙交酯,聚乙交酯或共聚物)中以增強佐助劑效力,其係 如以上所討論的(見於Langer,Science 2 4 9 , 1 5 2 7 (1 9 9 0 )及 Hanes, Advanced Drug Delivery review 28,97 — 1 19 (1997)。本發明之藥劑可以儲 存注射(depot injection)或植入物製劑(其可經調配成使 能持續或脈動的釋放出活性成分)形態投服心適供其他投 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 36· 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(34 ) 藥途徑之其他組成物包括經口,經鼻及經肺的調合物,栓 劑及經皮塗佈。 爲供栓劑之用,結合劑及載體包括,例如,聚烷二醇 類或甘油三酸酯;前述栓劑可由包含〇 · 5%- 1 0%, 宜爲1 % — 2 %範圍內之活性成分的混合物形成。口服組 成物包括輔藥,諸如,藥品級甘露醇,乳糖,澱粉,硬脂 酸鎂,糖精鈉,纖維素及碳酸鎂。這些組成物係爲溶液, 懸浮液,片劑,藥九,膠囊,緩釋調合物或藥粉且包含 1 0% - 9 5%,宜爲2 5%— 70%活性成分。 局部塗佈可導致經皮或皮內傳送。局部投服可利用共 同投服藥劑與霍亂弧菌毒素或其去毒衍生物或其次單元或 其他類似細菌毒素以利進行(見於Glenn et al., Nature 391,851 (199 8 ))。共同投服可藉由使用各 成分之混合物或化學交聯反應所得連接分子或表現爲融合 蛋白質而達成。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 或者是,經皮伝送可由使用皮膚貼片或使用 transferosomes達成(Paul et al·,Eur. J. Immunol. 2 5, 3 5 2 1 — 2 4 ( 1 9 9 5,)); Cevc et al., Biochem.
Biophys. Acta 1368,201 - 15 (1998)) 〇 V .診斷方法 本發明係提供一種偵測罹患或易於罹患阿茲海默氏疾 病之病人對A /3肽之免疫反應的方法。此方法尤有用於監 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(35 ) 視病人之治療過程。此方法不但可監視症狀病人之治療過 程,亦可監視無症狀病人之預防過程。 某些方法能夠測定病人在投服藥物劑量前之免疫反應 基本値,再以此値與治療後之免疫反應値相比較。免疫反 應値顯著提高(亦即,大於相同値重複測試中之實驗誤差 標準邊緣,以平均値之一個標準偏差表示)代表正面沿治 療結果(亦即,投服藥劑己獲致或增強免疫反應)。若此 値末顯著改變或降低則代表負面治療結果。一般而言,剛 使用藥劑治療之病人預期在連續投藥下,免疫反應會提高 直到最後達到高原値爲止。藥劑之投服是持續的而免疫反 應同時提高。達到高原期代表治療可中斷或可減少劑量或 用藥次數。 在其他方法中,免疫反應之對照値(亦即,平均値與 標準偏差)係由對照組測得。通常,對照組之個人未接受 先行治療。投服治療劑之後,病人免疫反應三測定値再與 對照値相比較。相對於對照値之顯著提高(例如,大於平 均値一個標準偏差)代表正面治療結果,無明顯提高或降 低代表負面治療結果。通常,持續投服藥劑之同時,相對於 對照値之免疫反應隨之提高。如同前面一般地,達到相對 終對照値之高原期代表治療可中斷或可減少劑量或用藥次 數。在另一方法中,免疫反應之對照値(例如,平均値加 上一個標準偏差)係由業已使用治療劑進行治療且其免疫 反應已達高原期之對照組個體測得。再比較病人之免疫反 應測定値與對照組。若病人之測定値與對照値並無顯著差 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) · 38 - 1239847 A7 __B7 五、發明説明(36 ) 異(例如,大於一個標準偏差),則可中斷治療。若病人 之測定値低於對照値則需持續投服藥劑。若病人之測定値 一直低於對照値,則可能表示治療用藥法(例如,使用不 同的佐助劑)需改變。在另一方法中,監視目前未接受治 療但已進行初始治療過程之病人的免疫反應以決定是否需 要恢復治療。病人免疫反應之測定値可與進行初始治療過 程之病人先前獲致之免疫反應値相比較。相對於先前測量 値之明顯提高(亦即,大於相同値重複測量中之典型誤差 邊緣)代表可恢復治療。或者,病人之測定値可與進行一 段治療過程後之病人所測得之對照値相比較。或者,病人 之測定値與無病徵之預防性治療病人或疾病特徵已消除之 治癒病人的對照値相比較。在所有這些情況下,相對於對 照値之明顯提高(亦即,大於一個標準偏差)代表病人必 需恢復治療。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 分析用之組織樣品通常是爲病人之血液,血漿,血淸 ,粘膜或腦脊髓液。分析樣品對任何形態A /3肽,通常是 A yS 4 2之免疫反應。免疫反應可由,例如,專一性結合 至A /3肽之抗體或T 一細胞,的存在而測得。偵測A B專一 性之抗體的E L I S A方法揭示於實例部分。偵測反應性 T 一細胞之方法已說明於上文中(見於定義中)。 實例 I · A万對阿茲海默氏疾病的預防效力 這些實例說明投服A /3肽至已導入外來基因之鼴鼠( 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 7〇9 - 1239847 A7 --------B7 五、發明説明(1 2 37 ) 其在位置7 1 7上突變而過度表現AP P(AP P 7 1 7V —F )以致於使其易於罹患類似阿茲海默氏疾病之神經病 理學)。這些鼴鼠(PDAPP)之產製及特性揭示於 Games et al·,同上。這些異合子形態之動物在長大6個月 後開始沉積A/3。1 5個月大後,它們的A0沉積量等於 阿茲海默氏疾病中所見及之量。P DA P P鼴鼠注射以凝 集之A/3 4 2或磷酸鹽緩衝食鹽水。選擇ΑΘ之理由是基 於它誘起對A /3多重抗原決定基之抗體的能力。 A ·方法 丄_.鼴鼠來源 將3 0隻P D A P P雌性鼴鼠任意分成以下幾組: Q隻鼴鼠用凝集之A /3 4 2注射(1隻鼴鼠在過渡中死 ί ) ,5隻鼴鼠用PBS/佐助劑或PBS注射,而10 I鼴鼠爲未注射之對照組。5隻鼴鼠用血淸致澱粉樣蛋白 質(S A P )注射。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裂 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _ 40 · 1 免疫原之製備 2 凝集 A 冷 4 2 之製備:,將 2 m g A /3 ( US Peptides Inc, lot k — 4 2 — 1 2 )溶入0 · 9 m 1水中並加入 0.1ml lOxPBS而成lml。將其反轉以於 3 7 °C下孵養過夜(肽在此情況下凝集)。任何未使用之 A /3以乾燥低壓凍乾粉末貯於- 2 0。C下直到下次注射 爲止。 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(38 ) 3__.注射液之製備 每隻鼴鼠100//g PBS中之凝集用完全弗瑞 得佐助劑(C F A )以1 : 1比例乳化而得最後體積爲 4 0 0 // 1之乳液以供首次免疫用,隨之在第二週追加相 同數量之不完全弗瑞得佐助劑(I FA)中的免疫原。每 隔1個月再給予二劑量(I F A中)。隨後之免疫作用係 每隔一個月在500# 1 PBS中進行。注射係由腹膜內 進行(i · P ·)。 P B S注射遵照相同程序且鼴鼠係用P B S /佐助劑 之1 : 1混合物注射(每隻鼴鼠4 0 0 // 1或5 0 0 // 1 P B S ) 。S A P注射同樣遵照相同程序而使用每次注射 1 0 0 # g之劑量。 4 .鼴鼠血液之滴定,組織製備及免疫組織化學 以上方法說明於以下一般物質與方法中。 B · 結果 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) P D A P P鼴鼠注射以凝集A /3 42,SAP肽,或 磷酸鹽緩衝食鹽水。一組P D A P P鼴鼠亦未予以注射而 充作正對照組。從第4次追加劑量開始,每隔一個月監視 鼴鼠對凝集Α Θ 4 2之滴定度直到鼴鼠一歲爲止。在1 3 個月大時殺死鼴鼠。在所有檢測點,9隻鼴鼠中有8隻鼴 鼠產生高抗體滴定度,其在一系列注射期間內均保持高値 (滴定度大於1/1 0000)。第9隻鼴鼠具有約1/ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _ 41 _ 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(40 ) 多AyS致澱粉樣沉積(用AyS -專一性單株抗體(mAb )3 D 6形像化於海馬區以及逆脾皮質內。類似形態之致 澱粉樣沉積亦見於用SAPP或PBS免疫之鼴鼠中(附 圖2)。此外,在這後三組中具有阿茲海默氏疾病中通常 見及之腦部易受傷副區,諸如,海馬齒狀腦回之外分子層 〇 不含任何A /3沉積之腦部亦無通常在具有人類A P P 抗體8 E 5之PDA P P鼴鼠中所見及的神經斑。其餘各 組(S A P -注射,P B S及未注射鼴鼠)之所有腦部具 有未治療之P D A P P鼴鼠的許多典型神經斑。少數神經 斑存在於用AN 1 7 9 2治療之一隻鼴鼠中,且單叢營養 障礙神經突見於第二隻用A N 1 7 9 2沿治療之鼴鼠中。 如附圖3中所示地,海馬區之影像分析証實了與P B S受 體(中間値0 · 28%,P = 0 · 0005)相較之下, 實際上消除了 A N 1 7 9 2治療之鼴鼠中的營養障礙神經 突(中間値0 · 0 0 % )。 斑結合發炎之星形細胞增多症亦不存在於A 0 1 一 4 2注射組中。其他各組鼴鼠之腦部包含許多叢集之A /3 斑結合神經膠樣變性的典型G F A P -陽性星形細胞。 G F A P —反應之載玻片副組用TMoflavin S對比染色以 固定A/3沉積。在SAP,PBS及未治療對照組中, G F A P -陽性星形細胞結合A /3斑一起。在斑一陰性 A /3 1 - 4 2治療之誕鼠中並未見及則述結合,然而,最 少量之斑結合神經膠樣變性見於用A N 1 7 9 2治療之一 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 鮮 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -43- 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(41 ) 隻鼴鼠中。 附圖4中所示之逆脾皮質的影像分析証實了星形細胞 增多症之減少是顯著的,因爲用AN 1 7 9 2治療之組的 中間値爲1 · 5 6 %而用S A P肽,P B S治療或未治療 (P = 0 · 0 0 1 7 )之組的中間値則大於6 %。 由A/S1 — 42 —及PBS——結合之MHC II免 疫反應性不存在於A θ 1 - 4 2注射之鼴鼠中,此與缺乏 A 0 -相關之發炎反應相符合。 鼴鼠之腦切片亦與MA C - 1專一性之mAy3反應。 MAC— 1 (CD1 lb)是完整合家族元素且以含 CD 1 8之異二單體存在。CD 1 1 b/CD 1 8複合物 係存在於單細胞,巨噬體,嗜中性細胞及天然殺手細胞( Mak andSimard )上。腦內之固有M A C — 1 —反應性細胞 種類根據M A C - 1免疫反應部分中之類似酚類形態可能 是爲小神經膠質。斑一結合之M A C - 1標記與P B S對 照組比較之下,低於用A N 1 7 9 2治療之鼴鼠,此發現 與缺乏A /3 -誘起之發炎反應相符合。 C ·結論 A /3 1 — 4 2注射之鼴鼠腦內缺乏Α Θ斑及反應性神 經元及神經膠變化代表沒有或極少致澱粉樣沉積於其腦內 而不存在致病結果(諸如,神經膠樣變性及神經炎病理學 )。用A/3 1 - 42治療之PDAPP鼴鼠顯示出基本上 和未和外來基因接觸之對照組同樣缺乏病理學。因此’ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _ 44 - 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(42 ) A /3 1 - 4 2注射係高度有效於預防腦組織之人類A石的 沉積或淸除以及消除隨後之神經元與發炎退行性變化。因 此之故,投服Α Θ肽在預防阿茲海默氏疾病中具有治療效 果。 II.劑量反應硏究 幾組5週大之Swiss Webster雌性鼴鼠(N = 6/組) 用 300,100,33,11,3.7,1.2, 0.4或0.13//忌CFA/IFA中A冷腹膜內注射 使其免疫。前三劑量係每隔二週投服而在一個月之後投服 第四劑量。第一劑量係用C F A乳化而其餘劑量係用 I FA乳化。在第二次免疫後4 一 7天,對動物抽血以供 測定抗體滴定度。用11,33或300/zg抗體免疫之 三組動物在第四次免疫後之四個月內,大約每隔一個月抽 血一次以監視疫苗劑量範圍內之抗體反應衰變。這些動物 在硏究開始後第七個月接受最後第五次免疫。一週後殺死 動物以測定對A N 1 7 9 2之抗體反應及進行毒性分析。 從3 0 0至3 · 7 // g _劑量範圍內可見及遞減之劑量 反應而最低二劑量則無任何反應。在三劑量1 1 一 3 0 0 //g抗原後之平均抗體滴定度爲約1 : 1 0 0 0而在四劑 量之1 1 一 300//g抗原後之平均抗體滴定度爲約1 : 10000 (見於附圖5)。 在第三次免疫後,除了最低劑量之外,所有抗體滴定 度顯著地升高而GMT s提高5 —至2 5 -倍。甚至 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -45- 1239847 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7__五、發明説明(44 ) 幼鼴鼠。有效誘起人類免疫反應之劑量通常類似於鼴鼠之 有效劑量。 III.對已罹患阿茲海默氏疾病之治療效力的篩選 此一分析係設計用以測試免疫劑消除或逆轉年老動物 之阿茲海默氏疾病的神經病理特性。用4 2胺基酸長A yS (AN 1 7 9 2 )免疫係在致澱粉樣斑已存在於 P D A P P鼴鼠腦內時開始進行。 在此一硏究所用之期間內,未治療之P DA P P鼴鼠 產生類似阿茲海默氏疾病中見及之神經退行性變化(Games et al·,同上及 Johnson-Wood et al·,Proc. Natl· Acad· Sci· USA 94, 1550 — 1555(1997)) ·Α 冷之 沉積至致澱粉樣斑內伴隨包括失常軸索及樹枝狀元素在內 之退行性神經元反應,稱之爲營養障礙突。營養障礙神經 突包圍且含彼之致澱粉樣沉積稱爲神經炎斑。在阿茲海默 氏疾病及PDAP Ρ鼴鼠中,營養障礙神經突具有獨特的 球狀構造,可與一組辨識A Ρ Ρ及細胞骨架成分之抗體行 免疫反應且在超結構下展現第雜的次細胞退行性變化。這 些特性使得P D A Ρ P腦之神經炎斑形成的疾病一相關性 ,選擇性及再現性測量可行。P D A Ρ P神經炎斑之營養 障礙神經元成分易由使用人類A Ρ P專一性抗體(m A /3 8 E 5 )而見到且易由電腦協助之影像分析測得。因此之 故,除了測定A N 1 7 9 2對致澱粉樣斑形成之作用以外 ,我們還監視此一治療對神經炎營養不良的作用。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -47 · 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(45 ) 星形細胞及小神經膠質是反映神經元受傷程度之非神 經元細胞。G F A P —陽性星形細胞及Μ H C I I -陽性 小神經膠質通常見於阿茲海默氏疾病中,且其活性隨疾病 嚴重性增高。因此,我們亦監視A N 1 7 9 2 -治療鼴鼠 中之反應性星形細胞增多症及小神經質細胞增生症的發展 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A .材料及方法 4 8隻來自查里士河(Charles River)之雜種 P D A P P雌性鼴鼠(1 1至1 1 · 5個月大)任意地分 成二組·· 24隻鼴鼠用100/igAN1792免疫而另 2 4隻用P B S免疫,各別綜合弗瑞得佐助劑。當其達到 約1 5個月大時再將A N 1 7 9 2及P B S組分組。在 1 5個月大時,每一 AN 1 7 9 2 —及P B S —治療動物 組之半數安逸死(η分別等於1 0及9 ),其他動物持續 接受免疫直到約1 8個月大時爲止(η分別等於9及1 2 )。硏究期間內共有8隻動物死亡(5隻ΑΝ1972, 3隻PBS)。除了免疫動,物外,在EL I SAs中亦包 括比較用之一歲大(n=10) ,15個月大(n = l〇 )及1 8個月大(n=l 0)未治PDAPP鼴鼠以測定 腦內之a 0及A P P値;一歲大動物亦包括在免疫組織分 析中。 方法除非另外指明否則如實例1所示。使用 A N 1 7 9 2 之 US Peptides lot 12及 California Peptides (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) · 48 - 1239847 Δ7 Α7 Β7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(46 ) lot ME 〇 3 3 9製備在1 5個月前投服之六次免疫作用的 抗原。使用 California Peptides lot Μ E 〇 3 3 9 及 ME 0 4 3 9於1 5至1 8個月間投服之另外三次免疫中 〇 爲供免疫之用,在200//1PBS中之100/zg AN1 7 9 2或PBS用完全弗瑞得佐助劑(CFA)或 不完全弗瑞得佐助劑(I F A )或P B S以1 : 1乳化至 最後體積爲400/i 1。第一次免疫係用CFA爲佐助劑 ,其後四次免疫則用I F A爲佐助劑而最後四次免疫則僅 使用P B S而未加入佐助劑。在7個月期間內共進行9次 免疫,前三次免疫係每隔二週投服而後每隔4週投服。4 個月治療組(在1 5個月大時安逸死)僅接受前6次免疫 〇 B · 結果 1 · A N 1 7 9 2治療對致澱粉樣負荷的作用 利用定量影像分析所得之A N 1 7 9 2治療對皮質致 澱粉樣負荷的結果示於附圖,7中。在未治療之1 2個月大 PDAPP鼴鼠中之皮質致澱粉樣負荷中間値爲0·28 %,此値代表鼴鼠在硏究初期之斑負荷。1 8個月大時’ P B S -治療之鼴鼠的致澱粉樣負荷提高1 7倍而達 4·87%,但AN1792-治療之鼴鼠的致澱粉樣負 荷則大大減少至僅爲0 · 0 1 %---明顯小於1 2個月 大未治療組及1 5 -與1 8 -個月大P B S —治療組。致 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210 X 297公釐) -49- 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(47 ) 澱粉樣負荷在15個月大(96%降低;p = 0 · 〇〇3 )及18個月大(>99%降低;p = 0 . 0002)之 AN 1 7 9 2接受者中顯著降低。 通常,在P D A P P鼴鼠中之皮質致澱粉樣沉積始於 額面及逆夾肌皮質(R S C )中且以腹外側方向進行而涉 及顳及entorhinal皮質(EC)。在12個月大(首次投服 AN 1 7 9 2之適當年齡)鼴鼠之E C中見及極少或者無 任何致澱粉樣。在A N 1 7 9 2治療4個月後,致澱粉樣 沉積在R S C中大大地減少而E C之進行性涉及亦由 AN 1 7 9 2治療完全消除。後一觀察結果証明 A N 1 7 9 2完全遏止致澱粉樣之進行性侵襲顳及腹面皮 質以及阻止或者可能逆轉在R S C中之沉積。 AN 1 7 9 2治療對PDAP P鼴鼠中之皮質致澱粉 樣負荷的重大影響又進一步藉由1 8個月大組鼴鼠(已治 療7個月)証明。近乎完全缺乏皮質致澱粉樣見於 AN 1 7 9 2 —治療之鼴鼠,完全缺乏擴散斑以及密度大 沉積減少。 / 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 2 · A N 1 7 9 2治療一伴隨之細胞及形態變化 A /3 -陽性細胞群見於通常包含致澱粉樣沉積之腦部 內。恨明顯的,在來自AN 1 7 9 2接受者之幾個腦中, 極少或者甚至沒有發現任何細胞外皮質致澱粉樣斑。大多 數之A 0免疫活性似乎包含在具有小葉或凝集軀體之細胞 內。遺傳表型地,這些細胞類似活化小神經膠質或單細胞 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) .g〇 - ' " 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(48 ) 。它們與辨識藉由活化單細胞及小神經膠質(Μ H C II 及CD 1 1 b )表現之配位基進行免疫反應且偶而與血管 之壁或腔結合。用A/3與MHC II —專一性抗體標記之 鄰近部分的比較顯示類似型態之這些細胞係由此兩類抗體 辨識。A N 1 7 9 2 -治療之腦部的詳細檢視顯示出 Μ H C I I -陽性細胞局限於殘留在這些動物內之有限致 澱粉樣周遭。在所用固定情況下,細胞並不與辨識T -細 胞(CD3,CD3e)或 B —細胞(CD45RA, CD45RB)配位基或白血球普通抗原(CD45)之 抗體進行免疫反應,但可與辨識leukosialin ( C D 4 3 )— 一其與單細胞交聯反應一一之抗體反應。在任何P B S -治療之鼴鼠中未發現此等細胞。 P D A P P鼴鼠一定產生嚴重之致澱粉樣沉積於海馬 齒回之外分子層內。此沉積在穿通神經途徑內形成獨特之 痕線,在阿茲海默氏疾病中之通常包含致澱粉樣斑的一副 區。在P B S -治療之鼴鼠中,這些特性沉積之出現類似 於先前在未治療P D A P P鼴鼠中之特徵。致澱粉樣沉積 包括擴散及擁擠之斑於連續_帶內。相反地,在很多來自 A N 1 7 9 2 -治療之鼴鼠腦內,此一形態顯著地改變。 海馬致澱粉樣沉積不再包含擴散致澱粉樣且帶狀形態完全 中斷。取而代之地,存在很多與抗- A /3抗體反應之不尋 常點狀結構,其中幾個似乎是含致澱粉樣之細胞。 Μ H C I I 一陽性細胞經常在A Ν 1 7 9 2 —治療之 動物內之細胞外致澱粉樣周遭發現。A Θ -陽性細胞與致 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _ 51 - 1239847 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7五、發明説明U9 ) 澱粉樣之結合形態在來自AN 1 7 9 2 -治療之鼴鼠的幾 個腦內極其類似。這些單細胞之分布限於沉積致澱粉樣附 近且完全不存在於無A0斑之其他腦部分內。MHC II 及M A C I -標記部份之定量影像分析顯示出在 AN 1 7 9 2 -治療之鼴鼠的RS C及海馬內之免疫活性 升高趨勢,其和P B S組相較之下,其在海馬中之 MAC 1測量具有意義。 這些結果指示出在帶有斑之腦部份內之致澱粉樣的活 性細胞媒介移除。 3 · A N 1 7 9 2對A S値之作用:E L I S A測定 (a )皮質値 在未治療PDAP P鼴鼠中,在1 2個月時之皮質內 的全部A/3中間値是爲1600ng/g,其在15個月 時升高至8700ng/g (表2)。在18個月時之此 中間値爲2 2 0 0 0 n g / g,在此實驗期間內升高1 〇 倍以上。PBS -治療之動物在15個月時具有8600 ng/g之全部AyS,其在18個月時升高至19000 n g/g。相反地,AM1 7 9 2 -治療之動物在1 5個 月時具有小於PBS —免疫組81%之全部A冷( 1600ng/g)。當比較AN1792及PBS組時 發現在18個月時之全部A/3 (520 0 ng/g)明顯 較少(ρ = 0·0001),其代表AyS之存在減少72 %。在比較Α Θ之皮質値時獲致類似結果,亦即, 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) ΤβΟ - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(5〇 ) A N 1 7 9 2 —治療組包含更少之A /3 4 2,但在此情況 P 時 ( ) 月 2 個表 5 , IX IX在ο 異 ο 差 ο 的· 間 ο 之 I 一 組 P S ( B 月 P 個 與 8 2 1 9 及 7 j 。 1 4 義 Ν ο 意 A . 有 , ο 具 下二均 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -53 - 1239847 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明(51 ) 表2:皮質內之A石中間値(ng/g) 未治療 PBS AN 1 792 年齡 全部 Ay5 A /5 4 2 (η) 全部 A/3 A /3 42 ( n ) 全部 A/3 A β 42 ( n ) 12 1600 1300 (10) ί | 15 丨 8 7 00 8 3 00 ( 1 0 ) 8 600 7 200 ( 9 ) 1600 1300.(10) 18 22200 18500 (10) 19000 15900 (12) 5 200.· 4000·· ( 9 ) * P = 0.0412 * * P = 0.0001 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _ 54 - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(52 ) (b )海馬値 在未治療PDAPP鼴鼠中,12個月大時全部A/3 之海馬中間値爲15000ng/g,其在15個月大時 升高至5 1 0 0 0 n g/g而在1 8個月大時再升高至 81000ng/g (表3)。類似地,PBS免疫之鼴 鼠在1 5及1 8個月大時其値分別爲4 0 0 0 0 n g/g 及65000ng/g°AN1792免疫動物之全部 AyS値較低,其在1 5及1 8個月大時分別爲2 5 0 0 0 ng/g及51000ng/g。18個月大之 A N 1 7 9 2 —治療組之値顯著低於P B S治療組(p二 0 · 0 1 0 5 ;表3 ) 。A 0 4 2之測定產生類似形態結 果,亦即,AN 1 7 9 2 -治療組之値在1 8個月大評估 時顯著低於P B S組(分別爲3 9 0 0 0 n g / g比 57000ng/g;p = 0.0022)(表 3)。 (请先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 -55- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 1239847 A7 B7五、發明説明(53 )表3 :海馬內之A々中間値(n g / g ) 1 1未治療 PBS AN 1 792 1-: 年齡 全部 AyS Α β 42 (η) 全部 Ay5 Α β 42 (η) ; ! ' 全部 A yS A β 42 ( η ) I 12 15500 11100 (10) ! 1 15 51500 44400 (10) 4 0 1 00 3 5 7 00 ( 9 ) 24500 22100 (10) 18 80800 64200 (10) 65400 57100 (12) 50900* 38900" ( 9) * P=0.0105 * * P=0.0022 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -56- 1239847 A7 B7 —.———------ 五、發明説明(54 ) (c )小腦値 在1 2個月大未治療之PDAPP鼴鼠中’全部A/S升高 至35ng/g。PBS治療之動物在1 5個月大時之全 部A/3中間値爲2 1 n g/g而在1 8個月大時爲43 n g/g。AN 1 7 9 2 —治療之動物据發現在1 5個月 大時之全部A /3中間値爲2 2 n g/g而在1 8個月大時 之全部A/S (25ng/g)顯著較低(P = 〇 · 002 )於對應之P B S組(表4 )。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公釐) _ 57 _ 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(55 ) 表4 :小腦內之A /5中間値(n g / g ) 未治療 PBS ΑΝ 1 792 1 年齡 全部AyS (η ) 全部AyS (η) 全部Α冷 (η ) (月) ! 12 15.6 (10) 15 27.7 (10) 20.8 (9) 21.7 (10) 18 35.0 (10) 43.1 (12 ) 24.8 * (9) * P=0.0018 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 4 . AN 1 7 9 2治療對APP値之作用 A P P - α與全部長度A P P分子均包含所有或部份 之A/3序列而由於AN1 79 2 —指引之免疫反應而內在 受衝擊。在迄今之硏究中,在AP P値之輕微升高已知是 PDAPP鼴鼠中之神經病理學提高。在皮質內,APP 一 α/FL (全長)或ΑΡΡ — α之ί|基本上均未因治療 而改變,但唯一例外的是Α,Ρ Ρ — α在1 8個月大時,在 A Ν 1 7 9 2 —治療組對P B S —治療組中減少1 9 %。 1 8個月大AN1 79 2 —治療之APP値與1 2 —及 1 5 —個月大之未治療組與1 5 —個月大之PB S組之値 並無顯著差別。在所有情況下,A P P値保持在 P DA P P鼴鼠中通常見及之範圍內。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -58 - 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(56 ) 5 . A N 1 7 9 2治療對神經退冇性及神經膠樣變性病狀 的作用 在15個月大(84%; P = 0 · 03)及18個月 大(55%; P 二 0 · 01)時之AN1792 —治療之 鼴鼠額面皮質內的神經炎斑負荷均顯著低於P B S組。在 1 5至1 8個月大之P B S組中的神經炎斑負荷中間値由 0 · 32%提高至0 · 49%。此與AN1792組之神 經炎斑大大減少相反,因其在1 5及1 8個月大時之神經 炎斑負荷中間値分別爲0 · 0 5 %及0 · 2 2 %。 用AN 1 7 9 2免疫似乎耐受性佳且在AN 1 7 9 2 -治療鼴鼠之R S C中的反應性星形細胞增多症顯著低於 PBS組一一在15個月大時’ 56%; P^O · 11而 在18個月大時,39%; P = 0 · 028 (附圖9)。 在P B S組中的星形細胞增多症之中間値百分比在1 5至 18個月大期間,由4 · 26 %升高至5 · 21%。 A N 1 7 9 2 —治療在此二時間點分別抑制星形細胞增多 症之發生至1 · 89%及3 · 2%。由此可見神經氈並未 被淸除過程損害。 . 6 .抗體反應 如上所述地,11個月大之雜種PDAPP鼴鼠(N = 24)接受一系列之五次用1 ΟΟ/ig完全弗瑞得佐助 劑乳化的A N 1 7 9 2在第0,2,4,8及1 2週腹膜 內注射免疫及在第16週僅單獨用PBS (無完全弗瑞得 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) · 59 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(57 ) 佐助劑)免疫。負面對照組係用年齡相當之導入外來基因 的2 4隻鼴鼠組接受用相同佐助劑乳化之P B S在相同時 刻免疫。在第二次投服後開始於每次免疫後之3 - 7天內 從動物抽血。利用E L I S A測定抗體對A N 1 7 9 2的 反應。用AN 1 7 9 2免疫之動物在第二,三次及最後一 次(第六次)投服後之几何平均滴度度分別爲1 9 0 0, 7 6 0 0及4 5 0 0 0。在第六次投服後之對照組動物中 並未測得任何A /3 —專一性抗體。 約半數之動物再予以治療3個月-一一在約第2 0, 2 4及2 7週時接受免疫治療。每一劑量均於P B S中投 藥而不用弗瑞得佐助劑。在此期間內平均抗體滴定度均保 持不變。事實上,抗體滴定度在第5 - 9次注射第4 一 8 次抽血時均保持穩定不變。 爲了決定A0 —專一性抗體(其由AN1 79 2 —治 療之鼴鼠血淸中偵測之免疫誘出)是否亦伴生腦部致澱粉 樣沉積,令一小部分之AN 1 7 9 2 -及P B S —治療之 鼴鼠與對鼴鼠I g G專一性之抗體反應。與P B S組相反 地,在AN1792 —治療_之腦內A /3斑包覆內源的 I g G。此二組間之差異見於1 5 -及1 8 —個月大組。 特別是縱使嚴重之致澱粉樣負荷存在於這些鼴鼠中,但在 P B S組中缺乏條紋標記。這些結果証明用合成Α Θ蛋白 質免疫產生辨識及體內結合至致澱粉樣斑中之A /3上的抗 體0 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _ 60 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(58 ) 7 ·細胞媒介之免疫反應 在第9次免疫後第7天,從9隻AN 1 7 9 2 -免疫 及1 2隻PBS —免疫之1 8個月大PDAPP鼴鼠中移 除脾臟。分離脾細胞並在A0 4O,A/342或A,40 一 1 (逆順序蛋白質)存在下培養7 2小時。有絲分裂原 C〇nA充作正對照組。最適當反應係用>1·7蛋白質 獲致。來自所有9隻AN1 79 2 -治療動物之細胞在 A冷一 40或Αθ 1 — 42蛋白質均增殖---以同量倂 入二蛋白質內(附圖1 0,上組)。A/340 — 1逆蛋白 質則無反應。對照組動物之細胞對任何A Θ蛋白質均無反 應(附圖1 0,下組) C ·結論 本硏究之結果顯示出已有致澱粉樣沉積之P D A P P 鼴鼠用A N 1 7 9 2免疫可減緩及避免進行性致澱粉樣沉 積並阻止老年P D A P P鼴鼠腦內之隨後神經病理變化。 用A N 1 7 9 2免疫基本上阻止致澱粉樣在通常易罹患致 澱粉樣變性病之構造中的發,展。因此,投服A々肽可治療 阿茲海默氏疾病。 I V · A /3片段之篩選 100隻9—11個月大之PDAPP鼴鼠用APP 與A 0之9個不同區段免疫以決定那一個抗原決定基傳達 反應。9個不同免疫原及1個對照組如上所述地由腹膜內 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210Χ297公釐) -61 · (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
、1T 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(59 ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 注射。免疫原包括4個人類A石肽共軛體1 一 12,13 一 28 ’ 32 — 42,1 一 5 (均經由胱胺酸連接而偶合 至羊之抗一鼴鼠12〇);1個八??多肽33 592— 695,凝集之人類A0 1 — 40及凝集之人類A沒25 一 3 5及凝集之齧齒動物A3。使用凝集A0及PBS作 爲對照組。每一治療組使用1 〇隻鼴鼠。如上監視滴定度 並令鼴鼠在注射之4個月後安逸死。死後檢驗組織化學, A /3値及毒性。 A ·材料與方法 1 ·免疫原之製備 偶合A/3肽之製備:四個人類A/3肽共軛體(胺基酸 殘基 1 — 5,1 — 12,13 — 28 及 33 — 42,其各 共軛至羊之抗-鼴鼠I g G )係藉由使用交聯劑磺基-EMCS,經由人造半胱胺酸偶合加至ΑΘ上而製得。 A卢肽衍生物係用下列最後胺基酸序列合成。在每一情況 下,插入半胱胺酸殘基之位置由底線ί旨出。Αθ 1 3 - 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 2 8肽衍生物亦具有在所示_羧基終端半胱胺酸前加入之2 個甘胺酸殘基。
AyS 1-12 肽 NH2-DAEFRHDSGYEVC COOH A/3 1-5 肽 NH2-DAEFRC COOH
A/S 33-42肽 NH9-C-胺基-庚酸-GLMVGGVVIA COOH AyS 13-28 肽 Ac-NH-HHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGGC-COOH 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) · 62 - 1239847 A7 A7 B7 五、發明説明(60 ) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1 ·爲了準備偶合反應,1 〇mg羊之抗一鼴鼠 I g G (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories)對 1 0 Mm硼酸鈉緩衝液(Ph8 · 5)滲析過夜。滲析過之抗 體再使用Amicon濃縮管濃縮至體積爲2M1。10mg磺 基一 EMC S〔 N ( f -馬來醯亞胺基己醯氧基)琥珀醯 亞胺〕(分子科學公司)溶入1M1去離子水中。在攪拌 同時將4 0倍莫耳濃度過量之磺基- EMC S逐滴加至羊 之抗一鼴鼠I g G中,再攪拌溶液1 〇分鐘。經活化羊之 抗一鼴鼠I gG利用通過1 〇mL凝膠過濾管柱(Pierce Presto Column,得自Pierce Chemicals)純化及緩衝交換,用 0 . 1 M NaP〇4,5 Mm EDTA,PH 6.5 平 衡。包含在2 8 0 n m吸收之部份的抗體經混合及稀釋至 濃度爲約lmg/Ml (使用1 · 4mg/〇D作爲消光 係數)。將40倍莫耳濃度過量A0肽溶入20mL之 10 m Μ N a Ρ 0 4 (PH 8·0)中,但A 冷 33 — 42例外,其係先將l〇mg溶入0.5M1 DMS0中 ,再用10mM NaP〇4緩衝液稀釋至20mL。將肽 溶液分別加至1 0 Μ 1經活,化羊之抗—鼴鼠I gG中並於 室溫下搖動4小時。所得共轭體再使用Amicon Centriprer 管濃縮至最後體積小於1 〇 Μ 1後,再對P B S滲析以緩 衝交換緩衝液並移除解離肽。令共軛體通過〇 · 22 -孔徑過濾器以行消毒後,分成1 m g小部份並冷凍貯於-20 ° C下。共軛體之濃度使用BCA蛋白質分析(Pierce Chemicals ),以馬之I g G作爲標準曲線而測得。共軛作 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公羡) •63- 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(61 ) 用係由共軛肽之分子量大於經活化羊之抗-鼴鼠IgG分 子量而獲諸証明。A石1 - 5羊之抗一鼴鼠共軛體係爲二 共軛作用之混合,其餘則來自單一製備。 2 ·凝集Α Θ肽之製備 人類 1 一 40 (AN1528 ; California Peptides Inc.,LotME〇541),人類25 - 35及齧齒動物 1 — 42 ( California Peptides Inc., Lot Μ E 〇 2 1 8 ) 肽剛從乾燥貯於- 2 0 ° C下之低壓凍乾粉末溶解以供製 備每一組注射劑。爲了此一目的,將2 m g肽加至0 · 9 m 1去離子水中並翻轉混合物以產生相當均勻之溶液或懸 浮液。在四者當中,AN 1 5 2 8係爲此一步驟唯一溶解 之肽。10 0//1 之 10X P B S (IX PBS: 0.15M NaCl,0.01M磷酸鈉,ρΗ7·5) 再於A Ν 1 5 2 8開始沉澱時加入。再度翻轉懸浮液並於 3 7 ° C下孵養過夜以供次日使用。 pBx6蛋白質之製備:編碼pBx6之表現質體’ 包含1 0 0個胺基酸噬菌體,MS — 2聚合酶N -終端引導 序列,隨後接首APP之胺基酸592-695 ( /3 A P P )之融合蛋白質如Oltersdorf et aU J· Bio1· Chem· 265,4492 - 4497 (1990)所述構 築。將此質體轉染至大腸桿菌(E. co li)而蛋白質 在促進子誘導後表現。細菌在8M尿素中溶解而PBx6 利用製備級S D S P A G E部份純化。含p B X 6之部份 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -64- 1239847 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明(62 ) 利用西方吸漬法,使用兔子之抗- p B X 6多株抗體辨識 ’混合,用Amicon Centriprep管濃縮並對P B S滲析。製 劑之純度(利用 Coomassie Blue stained SDS PAGE預估) 爲約5 — 1 〇 %。 B ·結果及討論 1 ·硏究設計 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1 0 0隻9 — 11個月大之導入外來基因的雜種 P D A P P雌性及雄性鼴鼠係得自查理士河實驗及科技實 驗室。將鼴鼠分成十組而用綜合弗瑞得佐助劑之A沒或 A P P不同區段免疫。分配動物以使同組中動物之性別, 年齡,血統及來源儘可能相近。免疫原包括四個源自人類 序列(1 — 5,1 — 12,13 -28 及 33 — 42,其 均共軛至羊之抗一鼴鼠IgG上)之Af肽;四個凝集之 A/3 肽,人類 1 — 40(AN1528),人類 1 — 42 (AN1792),人類25 - 35及齧齒動物1一 42 ;以及融合多肽(命名爲pBx6,包含APP胺基酸殘 基592 — 695)。第1.0組用綜合佐助劑之PBS免 疫以充作對照組。 每次免疫中,在200/zl PBS中之100"g ΑΘ肽或在相同體積PBS中之200/zg APP衍生物 pBx6或僅PBS用完全弗瑞得佐助劑(CFA)以1 ·· 1 (體積··體積)乳化而得最後體積爲4 0 0 V 1以供 首度免疫之用,隨後追加相同數量在不完全弗瑞得佐助齊!· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210Χ297公釐) 1239847 A7 B7_ 五、發明説明(63 ) (I FA)中之免疫原於其後四次投服中而最後一次投服 P B S。在前三次投服係每二週由腹膜內注射一次,其後 則每個月投服一次。在第二次投服後開始,在每次免疫後 4 - 7天對動物抽血以供測定抗體滴定度。動物在最後投 服後約1週安逸死。 2 ·腦內之A石及A P P値 在用不同A/9肽或AP P衍生物免疫約4個月後,從 灌注食鹽水之動物移除腦部。製得一半球以供免疫組織分 析而另一半球則用以定量A点及A P P之値。爲了測定不 同形態/3致澱粉樣肽及致澱粉樣先驅蛋白質之濃度,切除 半球並於5 Μ胍中製備海馬,皮質及小腦部份之勻漿。這 些經稀釋並藉由與EL I SA程式中之Α0肽或ΑΡΡ- 系列已知標準濃度相比較而定出致澱粉樣或A Ρ Ρ之數量 〇 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 用Ρ B S免疫之對照組的全部A /5在海馬區內之中間 濃度値係5 . 8倍高於皮質中(海馬g織之中間値爲 2 4 3 1 8 ng/g而皮f中之中間値爲4221 n g / g )。對照組之小腦內中間値(2 3 · 4 n g / g組織 )約1 0 0 0倍低於海馬區內之値。這些數値類似於先前 述及之同齡導入外來基因的雜種P DA Ρ P鼴鼠之値( Johnson-Woods et al·,1 9 9 7,同上)。 對皮質而言,一部分治療組之全部Α Θ及A 0 1 -4 2中間値顥顯著與對照組不同(P,0 · 0 5 ),該等 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _ 66 _ 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(64 ) 動物係接受AN1792,齧齒動物A/3或A0 1 — 5肽 共軛體(如附圖1 1中所示)。與對照組比較之下,這些 治療組之全部A /3中間値分別減低7 5 %,7 9 %及6 1 % °對任何組而言,腦皮質區內之A石-專一性抗體滴定 度及A /3値之間並無任何可識別的關聯性存在。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 在海馬區內,全部Α Θ之中間値減低伴隨著 AN1792 治療(46%,P = 0 · 0543)並未如 皮質內見及之値一般大(75%,Ρ = 0· 0021)。 然而,海馬區內之減低程度遠大於皮質區內,海馬區內減 低淨値爲1 1 1 8 6 n g / g組織而皮質區內爲3 1 7 1 n g/g組織。接受齧齒動物1 一 4 2或A/3 1 — 5 之動物組的全部A /5中間値分別減低3 6 %及2 6 %。但 是,在二組之間給予不同動物較小尺寸及高度變化致澱粉 樣肽値時,這些減低並不明顯。當在海馬區內三測定 A /3 1 - 4 2値時,治療誘起之減低均極微小可予忽略。 因此,由於皮質內之A /3負荷較小,所以,在此區內之變 化是治療作用之較敏感指示器。由E L I S A測得之皮質 內A 0値變化類似,但不同,於免疫組織化學分析結果。 全部A /3亦在小腦(在阿茲海默氏疾病理學中通常不 受影響之區域)內測定。用不同A /3肽或A P P衍生物免 疫之任何組的A /5濃度中間値在此一腦部區域內均與對照 組相同。此一結果喻示A /3之非-病理値並不受治療影響 〇 治療及對照組鼴鼠之皮質及小腦內的A P P濃度亦利 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -67 - 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(65 ) 用EL I SA測定。使用二種不同的APP分析。第一種 分析(命名爲APP — α/FL)辨識ΑΡΡ — α (α, 已在A /5序列內裂解之分泌形態A Ρ Ρ )及全長形態( FL)之APP,而第二種分析則僅辨識APP - α。與 一部份治療組中之Α Θ的治療伴生減低相反地’在所有治 療組動物中之A P P値均與對照組相同。這些結果顯示用 APP肽免疫並未用盡APP;而是治療作用對ΑΘ具專 一性。 總而言之,在使用AN1792,齧齒動物A/31 -42或A/3 1 — 5共軛體治療之皮質中的全部A/3及 A冷1 — 4 2値顯著降低。在海馬區中,全部A /3値僅因 利用A N 1 7 9 2治療而降低。在海馬區,皮質區或小腦 區中之A /3或A P P値並無任何治療伴生之變化是顯著的 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 2 ·組織化學分析 製備6組鼴鼠之腦以供免疫組織化學分析,其中3組 用 A/3 肽共軛體 A/3 1 — 5,,A/31 — 1 2 及 A 冷 1 3 — 28免疫;二組用全長A/3凝集物AN1792及 AN 1 5 2 8免疫以及PB S -治療之對照組。來自這些 組之腦部份中的致澱粉樣負荷之影像分析結果示於附圖 1 2中。三治療組之皮質區內的致澱粉樣負荷降低顯著大 於對照組。致澱粉樣負荷之最大降低見於接受 AN1 79 2之組(其平均値降低97%,P = 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _肪. 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(66 ) 〇 · 001)。顯著降低亦見於用AN1528 (95%
’ P = 0 · 005)及 A/31-5 肽共軛體(67%,P = 0.02)治療之動物。 全部AyS或A々l — 42利用EL I SA定量結果及 利用影像分析之致澱粉樣負荷有某種程度的差異。用 A N 1 5 2 8治療對利用定量影像分析測得之皮質致澱粉 樣負荷値有顯著衝擊,但對利用E L I S A測得之相同區 域內的全部Α Θ濃度則否。這二種結果間之差異可能係出 於分析之特性。影像分析僅測定凝集於斑內之不可溶A /3 。相反地,E L I S A則測定所有形態之A /3 (可溶與不 可溶,單體及凝集的)。因爲疾病病因据認爲是AΘ之不 可溶斑-伴生形態,所以,影像分析技術可能對顯示治療 效果較爲敏感。但是,因爲EL I SA是較迅速及容易的 分析,所以對篩選極其有用。而且,它可能顯示A Θ之治 療-伴生降低在斑-伴生情況下大於全部A /3。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 爲了測定治療動物中,由免疫誘出之A /3 —專一性抗 體是否與沉積之腦部致澱粉樣反應,令來自治療動物及對 照鼴鼠之切片與鼴鼠I g G,專一性之抗體反應。與P B S 組相反地,用肽共軛體A/31 — 5 ’A/31 — 12及 A/313 — 28;及全長A/3凝集物AN1792及 AN 1 5 2 8之動物中,含A/5之斑包覆著內源性I gG 。用其他A0肽或A P P肽p B X 6免疫之動物腦部並未 利用此一分析法分析。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) · 69 - 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(67 ) 抗體滴定度之測定 在第二次免疫後開始在每次免疫後之第4 - 7天對動 物抽血,共計抽血五次。抗體係使用三明治EL I SA ( 使用塗佈A0 1 — 4 2之多分格塑膠培養皿)如同A石1 一 4 2 —結合抗體般測試。如附圖1 3中所示地,尖峰抗 體滴定度係在第四次投服誘起AN 1 7 9 2 -專一性抗體 最高滴定度的四種疫苗後出現:AN1792 (尖峰 GMT: 9 4 6 4 7 ) ,AN1528 (尖峰 GMT: 88231) ,A冷1 — 12共軛體(尖峰GMT: 47216)及齧齒動物A々1 — 42 (尖峰GMT: 10766)。這些組之滴定度在第五及六次投服後少許 降低。其餘五種免疫原之尖峰滴定度則在第五或六次投服 後達到且且値遠低於最高滴定度之四組:Α θ 1 — 5共軛 體(尖峰滴定度:2356) ,pBx6(尖峰滴定度: 1 9 8 6 ) ,A/313-28共軛體(尖峰滴定度: 118 3) ,A/333 — 42共軛體(尖峰滴定度: 6 5 8 ) ,A/325 — 35 (尖峰滴考度:125)。同 系肽之抗體滴定度亦使用相,同E l/l S A三明治程式對免 疫原副組(用 A/31 — 5 ,AyS13-28 ,A/325-35,A/333 — 42或齧齒動物A々1 一 42免疫之組 )測定。這些滴定度大約與針對Α θ 1 - 4 2所測得之値 相同,但齧齒動物A /3 1 - 4 2免疫原例外(在此情況下 ,對同系免疫原之抗體滴定度約爲二倍高)°各動物之 AN 1 7 9 2 —專一性抗體滴定度或治療組之平均値與皮 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) · 70 - 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(68 ) 質內之A /3誘起效率並無關聯。 3 .淋巴增殖反應 A yS -依賴性淋巴增殖作用係使用第六次最後免疫後 約一週收集之逆脾細胞測定。剛收集細胞(1 0 0 0 0 0 /分格)在AyS 1 - 40存在下,在5//M濃度培養5天 以行刺激。來自1 0組中之7組的細胞亦在逆肽( 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印装 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A石4 0 - 1 )存在下培養。至於陽性對照組,細胞係用 T 一細胞促細胞分裂劑,Ρ Η A,培養,至於陰性對照組 ,細胞在未加入肽之下培養。大多數動物之淋巴細胞在 Ρ Η A促進下增殖。對A 4 〇 - 1逆肽則無顯著回應。 用較大凝集ΑΘ肽,AN1792,齧齒動物ΑΘ1 — 42及AN1 5 2 8免疫之動物的細胞在A0 1 — 42刺 激下健全的增殖,在AN 1 了 9 2接受體中獲致最高 c pm。用A/3 1 — 1 2共軛體,A沒1 3 — 28共軛體 及A/3 2 5 — 3 5免疫之每一組動物中之1隻動物在 A冷1 一 40刺激下增殖。其餘接受A6 1 — 5共軛體, A冷3 3 — 4 2共軛體ρ B.x6或PB S之各組對A/3刺 激無回應。這些結果總列於以下表5中。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公釐) -71 - 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(69 ) 表5 免疫原 共軛體 A /3胺基酸 反應個數ί A/3 1-5 是 5-單體 0/7 丨 1-12 是 12-單體 1/8 Αβ 13-28 是 16-單體 1/9 ! Α β 25-35 11·單體 1/9 A β 33-42 是 10-單體 0/10 A/5 1-40 40-單體 5/8 A/S 1-42 42-單體 9/9 r A β 1-42 42-單體 8/8 pBx6 0/8 I i i i ! PBS \ 0-單體 0/8 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 由這些結果証明A N 1 7 9 2及AN 1 5 2 8刺激強 烈T 一細胞反應,最類似C D 4 +表現型。用A沒1 一 5 免疫之動物中無A Θ -專一性T細胞反應並不必感到驚訝 ,因爲C D 4 + T細胞辨識之肽抗原決定基通常約爲1 5 個胺基酸長度,雖然有時較短之肽可能作用效率較小。因 此,四種肽共軛體之大多數協助子T -細胞抗原決定基可 能存在於I g G共軛體配對中而不在A/3區域內。此一假 說係以這些治療組中之動物很少出現增殖性反應而支持。 因爲A /3 1 - 5共軛體顯著減低腦內之A 0値,所以在表 面缺乏A/3 —專一性T -細胞中,由此肽之免疫誘起之主 1紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) J2 - " 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(70 ) 要有效免疫反應似乎是抗體。 缺少T 一細胞以及來自融合肽p B X 6 (包括所有 A冷殘基之APP胺基酸5 9 2 — 6 9 5 )之低抗體反應 可能是由於此一特定製劑之不良免疫原性。A Θ 2 5 -3 5凝集物之不良免疫原性可能是因爲肽太小而不可能包 含一优良之T -細胞抗原決定基以協助誘起抗體反應。若 此肽共軛至載體蛋白質上則其可能免疫原性較大。 V .製備被動保護之多株抗體 2 0隻未導入外來基因的鼴鼠用Α Θ或其他免疫原( 任意的加上佐助劑)免疫且於4 一 5個月安逸死。由經免 疫之鼴鼠收集血液。任意的,從其他血液成分分離出 I g G。封免疫原具專一性之抗體可利用親和力層析法部 份純化。每隻鼴鼠製得平均約1 0 · 5 - 1 m g免疫原一 專一性抗體,共計得到5 - 1 0 m g。 VI ·使用A S抗體的被動免疫 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 7 — 9個月大P D A P,P鼴鼠組各注射以〇 · 5 m g 在P B S中之如下所示多株A 0 —抗體或專一性單株a /3 -抗體。純化所有抗體製劑以具有低內毒性。單株抗體可 藉由注射Α Θ之片段或較長形態至鼴鼠體內,製備雜種瘤 且篩選專一性結合至A /3所要片段而不結合至a f之其他 非重疊片段之抗體的雜種瘤而製成。 •73- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(71 ) 表6 抗體 抗原決定基 2H3 Αβ 1-12 10D5 Αβ 1-12 ! 266 Αβ 13-28 21F12 Α β 33-42 鼴鼠多株人類AyS抗體 抗-凝集A冷 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 鼴鼠在4個月期間內視需要由腹膜內注射以維持對 A石4 2或其他免疫原之循環抗體濃度(利用E L I SA 測定)大於1/1000 (由ELISA定義)。如上監 視滴定度且讓鼴鼠在注射之4個月後安逸死。組織化學, 死後進行A /3値及毒性檢驗。 VII.不同佐肋劑之比較 此一實例比較C F A,明礬,油在水中型乳液及 Μ P L刺激免疫反應的能力。 A .材料及方法 1 ·硏究設計 1 0 0隻得自Elm Hill之6週大Hartley屬天竺鼠分成 1 0組且用綜合不同佐助劑之A N 1 7 9 2或其棕櫚醯化 衍生物免疫。7組接受綜合a ) P B S,b )弗瑞得佐助 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公釐)-74 - 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(72 ) 劑’ c ) μ P L,d )角鯊烯,e ) Μ P L /角鯊烯,f )低劑量明礬,或g )高劑量明礬(3 〇 〇 # g AN1792)之 AN1792 (33eg,除非另外指 明)注射。二組接受綜合a ) P B S或b )角鯊烯之 A N 1 7 9 2 ( 3 3 // g )棕櫚醯化衍生物注射。最後第 十組接受不含抗原或其他佐助劑之單獨P B S。接受弗瑞 得佐助劑之組的第一次劑量用C F A乳化而其餘四次劑量 用I F A乳化。所有組之抗原投服劑量均爲3 3 μ g (但 高劑量明礬組除外,其接受300/zg AN1792)。 C F A / I F A係由腹膜內注射而所有其他各組肌內注射 於後肢四頭肌內(左側及右側交替注射)。前三次劑量係 每二週投服一次而隨後二劑量每個月投服一次。 2 ·製備免疫原 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 將 2mgA/342 ( California PEPTIDE, Lot ME0339)加至0 · 9ml去離子水中並翻轉混合物 以產生相當均勻之懸浮液。加入1 0 0 // 1之1 0 X P B S (IX PBS,0.15MNaCl,0.01 Μ磷酸鈉,p Η 7 · 5 )。再度翻轉懸浮液並於3 7。C 下孵養過夜以供次日使用。未使用之Α θ 1 - 4 2以低壓 凍乾粉末形態用乾燥劑貯於—2 0。C下。A N 1 7 9 2 之棕櫚醯化衍生物係利用偶合棕櫚酸酐(溶於二甲基甲醯 胺中)至A N 1 7 9 2之胺基終端,再用氫氟酸處理以從 樹脂移除初生肽而製得。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(cnsIa4規格(2iox297公釐) -75- 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(73 ) 爲了製備含完全弗瑞得佐助劑(CFA)(第2組) 之疫苗藥劑,在200// 1 PBS中之33"g AN1792用CFA乳化(1 : 1,體積比)至最後體 積爲4 0 0 // 1以供初次免疫之用。爲供其後之免疫使用 ,抗原係類似地用不完全弗瑞得佐助劑(I F A )乳化。 爲了製備第5及6組使用之含MP L的疫苗藥劑,將 低壓凍乾粉末(Ribi ImmunoChem Research, Inc.,Hamilton ,MT )加至〇 · 2 %三乙胺水溶液中至最後濃度爲1 m g /m 1且加以翻轉。加熱混合物至6 5 — 7 0。C經3 0 秒鐘以產生微胞之輕微不透明懸浮液。每次注射前才配製 溶液。在第5組之每次注射中,在16 .5//1 PBS中 之 33//gAN1792,50//g Μ P L ( 5 0 Μ 1 ) 及16 2^1 PBS在使用前才混合於硼基矽酸鹽試管中 〇 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 爲了製備含低油在水中型乳液之疫苗藥劑,將P B S 中之AN1792加至5%角鯊烯,0 · 5% Tween 80, 0.5% PBS 中之 Span 85直到獲致 3 3 // g / 2 5 0 β 1 A Ν 1 7 9 2之最後早一劑量濃度(第6組)。令混 合物通過二小室手固定裝置1 5 - 2 0次直到乳化顆粒直 徑似乎等於1 . 0 // m (在顯微鏡下觀察)爲止。所得懸 浮液是爲發出蛋白光的乳白色。乳液係在每一系列注射前 才配製。對第8組而言,在〇·2%三乙胺中之MPL以 5 0 // g /劑之濃度加至角鯊烯中且如上所示地乳化潔淨 的混合物。對棕櫚醯衍生物(第7組)而言,3 3 // g / 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _ 76 - 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(74 ) 劑之棕櫚醯基一 NH — A/3 1 — 4 2加至角鯊烯中並加以 翻轉。再於翻轉同時加入Tween 80及Span 85。將此一混 合物加至PBS中而達5%角鯊烯,0 · 5% Tween 80, 0 · 5% Span 85之最後濃度並如上所示地乳化該混合物 〇 爲了製備含明礬之疫苗藥劑(第9及10組),將 PBS中之AN1792加至Alhydrogel (氫氧化鋁凝膠, Accurate,Westbury< NY )而達到最後2 5 0 β 1劑量體積 中3 3#g/5mg明礬(低劑量,第9組)或3 00 #g/5mg明礬(高劑量,第1 〇組)之AN1 79 2 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 3 ·測定抗體滴定度 天竺鼠在第二次免疫開始後之第6 - 7天抽血共四次 。對A 0 4 2之抗體滴定度利用如一般材料及方法中所述 之E L I S A測定。 4 ·組織製備 , 約1 4週後,所有天竺鼠投服C 0 2。收集腦脊髓液 並移除腦子且切除三個腦區(海馬,皮質及小腦)而利用 E L I S A測定全部A 0蛋白質濃度。 B ·結果 1 .抗體反應 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -77- 1239847 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明(75 ) 在測定爲免疫後對A N 1 7 9 2之抗體反應時,不同 佐助劑之潛效範圍廣泛。如附圖1 4中所示地,當 AN 1 7 9 2在P B S中投服時,在二或三次免疫後未偵 得任何抗體且在第四及五次投藥後偵得幾何平均滴定度( G Μ T s )僅約4 5之可忽略反應。〇 /w乳液在第三次 投藥(GMT 255)後誘起適度滴定度,其維持至第四 次投藥(G Μ Τ 3 0 1 )後而在最後投藥(G Μ Τ 5 4 )後降低。結合至明礬之AN 1 7 9 2有明顯的抗原劑量 反應,因爲3 0 0 // g在所有時間點之免疫活性均大於 3 3 // g。在尖峰抗體反應下,第四次免.疫後,二劑量間 之差異爲43%(33//g及300//g之GMTs分別 爲 1940 及 3400)。對 33//g AN1792 及 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 Μ P L之抗體反應極類似於幾乎高十倍以上劑量之結合至 明礬的抗原(300#g)所產生之抗體反應。將MPL 加至〇 /w乳液中會使疫苗效力提高至高達僅用Μ P L作 爲單獨佐助劑時之7 5 %。A Ν 1 7 9 2之棕櫚醯化衍生 物在P B S中投服時是完全無抗原活性的而當在〇 /w乳 液中投服時則產生適度滴定度(第三及四次抽血云 GMTs分別爲340及105)。最高抗體滴定度係用 弗瑞得佐助劑時產生(G Μ T爲約8 7 0 0 0 ),該 GMT値幾乎3 0倍大於次二最高潛效疫苗(MP L及高 劑量ΑΝ1 7 9 2/明礬)之GMT。 在此一硏究中辨識出之最有希望佐助劑是Μ P L及明 礬。此二者當中,MP L因爲需要1 〇倍高之抗原劑量以 -78- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210 Χ297公釐) 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(76 ) 產生與明礬所獲致之相同抗體反應,所以較爲理想。反應 可藉由提高抗原和/或佐助劑劑量及令免疫療程最適宜而 得提高。o/w乳液是AN 1 7 9 2之極弱佐助劑且將 o/w乳液加至MP L佐助劑中降低單獨MP L之固有佐 助劑活性。 2 ·脳內之A汐 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 約1 4週大之天竺鼠深度麻醉,抽出腦脊髓液( CSF)並將用弗瑞得佐助劑(第2組)1MPL (第5 組),含高劑量(3 0 0 // g A N 1 7 9 2 )之明礬(第 1 0組)免疫之各組以及P B S免疫對照組動物之腦部切 除。爲了測定A Θ肽之値,切除腦半球且於5 Μ胍中製備 海馬,皮質與小腦區之均化物。將其稀釋並藉由與 EL I SA程式中之一系列已知濃度ΑΘ標準蛋白質稀釋 液比較以定量之。在海馬,皮質及小腦內之A 0蛋白質値 在所有四組中均極類似,縱使由這些疫苗誘起之對A /5的 抗體反應範圍廣泛。在海馬內測得平均A /3値爲約2 5 n g / g,皮質內之値爲2.1 n g / g,而小腦內之値爲 1 2 n g/g 。因此,在某些動物中幾乎3個月內存在之 對Α Θ之高循環抗體滴定度並不改變其腦內之全部A点値 。在C S F中之A値在各組之間亦極類似。A N 1 7 9 2 免疫對內源性A缺乏大作用顯示免疫反應著眼於A之致病 原形成。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -79 - 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(77 ) ' V 1 I I ·鼴鼠中對不同佐助劑之免疫反應 此一硏究中使用6週大Swiss Webster雌性鼴鼠,每組 10 — 13隻鼴鼠。免疫係在第0,14,28,60, 9 0及2 0天進行皮下注射2 0 0 μ 1劑量。在所有調劑 中使用P B S作爲緩衝液。在第二次投藥後開始,在每次 免疫後第7天對動物抽血以供利用E L I S A分析抗體滴 定度。每一組之治療過程總列於表7中。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -8〇 - 1239847
7 B 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(78 ) 表7
Betabloc硏究010之實驗設計 組 Na 佐助劑b 劑量 抗原 劑量1 1 ( β g) \ 1 10 MPL 12.5// g AN1792 33 2 10 MPL 25 β g AN1792 33 ! 3 10 MPL 50 β g AN1792 33 4 13 MPL 125 β g AN1792 33 5 13 MPL 50 β g AN1792 150 6 13 MPL 50 β g AN1792 33 7 10 PBS AN1792 33 8 10 PBS M 9 10 乳化角鯊烯 5% AN1792 33 10 10 混合角鯊烯 5% AN1792 33 11 10 明礬 2mg AN1792 33 12 13 i MPL +明礬 50 // g/2 // g AN1792 33 13 10 QS21 5 β g AN1792 33 14 10 QS21 . / -10 V,g AN1792 33 15 10 QS21 25 β g AN1792 33 16 13 QS21 25 β g AN1792 150 17 13 QS21 25 β g AN1792 33 18 13 QS21+MPL 25 β g /50 β g AN1792 33 19 13 QS21 +明礬 25 // g/2mg AN1792 33 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 1239847五、發明説明(79 ) 附註: A7 B7 之有。 Θ 組所原 A 每。抗 對 時劑與 體 始助劑 抗 開佐助 中 驗明佐 組 實指無 一 a b 組 每。 8 中 第 8 。 表 S 下 B 以 P 於 是 示 液 度 衝 定 緩 滴 之 A 物 S 目合 I 數調 L 鼠些 E 鼴這 之 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慈財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -82- 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(80 ) _表8_ 幾何平均抗體滴定度 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 抽血週數 ' 治療組 2.9 5.0 8.7 12.9 16.7 ' i !' 1. !248 1797 2577 6180 4177 2. 598 3114 丨3984 5 287 6878 ! 3. 1372 5000 7159 1 2333 1 278 1 4. 1278 2079 1 14368 20097 2563 1 5. 3288 26242 1 3229 9315 23742 6. 61 2536 2301 1442 4504 7. 37 395 484 972 2149 8. 25 25 25 25 25 丨9· 丨2 5 183 744 952 1823 | 1 110. 125 89 311 513 817 11. 29 708 2618 2165 3666 12. 198 1458 1079 612 797 I 13. 38 433 ί 566 1080 626 14. 104 541 . 3247 1609 838 15. 212 2630 2472 1224 1496 16. Il83 2616 6680 2085 1631 17. 28 201 375 222 1540 18. bl699 1 5544 23095 6412 9059 ! i |19. 163 243 554 299 441 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _ 33 _ 1239847 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 A7 B7 五、發明説明(81 )
此表顯示出最高滴定度係在第4,5及1 8組獲致, 其中,佐助劑係爲125//g MPL,50//g MPL 及 QS21+MPL。 I X ·不同佐助劑之治療效力 治療效力硏究係於導入外來基因之P DA P P鼴鼠中 ,用適供人類使用之佐助劑進行以決定它們對A /3之潛在 免疫反應以及誘起腦內致澱粉樣沉積之免疫媒介淸除的能 力大小。180隻7 · 2 — 8 · 5月大之導入外來基因的 雜種P D A P P雄性及雌性鼴鼠係得自查理士河實驗室。 將其分成9組,每組1 5 - 2 3隻動物以使用綜合不同佐 助劑之AN1 79 2或AN1 528免疫。動物依性別, 年齡及血統分組而使各組儘可能相近。佐助劑包括明礬, Μ P L及Q S 2 1,共各綜合二種抗原,而弗瑞得佐助劑 (FA)僅綜合ΑΝ1 7 9 2。另一組係用調製於PBS 緩衝液及防腐性局部抗菌劑(thimerosal)中且不含佐助劑 之AN1 79 2免疫。第9組僅用PBS免疫而充作負面 對照組。 . 製備凝集之AyS肽:人類A/5 1 — 4 0 (AN 1528; California Peptides Inc.,Lot Μ E 〇 5 4 1 )及人類 Α 冷 1 — 42 (ΑΝ1792 ; California Peptides Inc., Lot Μ E 0 4 3 9 )從乾燥貯於—2 0。C下之低壓凍乾 粉末當即溶解以供製備每一組注射液。爲了此一目的,將 2mg肽加至〇 · 9m 1去離子水中並翻轉混合物而產生 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210x297公釐) -84 - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁}
1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(82 ) 相當均勻之溶液或懸浮液。A N 1 5 2 8在此一步驟是可 溶的而AN 1 7 9 2則否。在AN 1 5 2 8開始沉澱時再 加入 100//1 之 10X P B S (IX PBS: 0.15MNaCl,0.01M磷酸鈉,Ph 7.5 )。再度翻轉懸浮液並於3 7。C下孵養過夜以供次曰使 用。 爲了製備含明礬之疫苗藥劑(第1及5組),將 PBS中之A/3肽加至Alhydrogel ( 2 %氫氧化鋁凝膠水溶 液,Sargeant,Inc.,Clifton,NJ)中使達到 1 〇 〇 // g A /3 肽 / 1 m g明礬之最後濃度。懸浮液再於注射前,在室溫下 溫和地混合約4小時。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 爲了製備含MPL之疫苗藥劑(第2及6組),將低 壓凍乾粉末(Ribi ImmunoChem Research,Inc.,Hamilton, MT;Lot 67039 — E0896B)加至 0 · 2% 三乙 胺水溶液中使達到1 m g /m 1之最後濃度並予以翻轉。 加熱混合物至6 5 - 7 0。C經3 0秒以產生微團之輕微 不透明均勻懸浮液。溶液貯於4。C γ。對每一組注射液 而言,在50// 1 PBS中之100//g肽/劑量,50 β g MPL/50//1/劑量及 100#1 PBS /劑 量在使用前當即混合於硼矽酸鹽試管內。 爲了製備含QS 2 1之疫苗藥劑(第3及7組),將 低壓凍乾粉末(Aquila,Framingham,MA; Lot A 7 0 1 8 R )加至 PBS (pH6 · 6 — 6 · 7)中使達到 lmg/ m 1之最後濃度並予以翻轉。溶液貯於一 2 0。C下。對 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -85 - 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(83 ) 每一組注射液而言,在50wl PBS中之lOOeg肽 / 劑量,25#g Q S 2 1 / 2 5 ^ 1 PBS /劑量及 125// 1 PBS /劑量在使用前當即混合於硼矽酸鹽試 管內。 爲了製備含弗瑞得佐助劑之疫苗藥劑(第4組)’在 2 0 0 // 1 PBS 中之 l〇〇/zg AN1792 用完全 弗瑞得佐助劑(C F A )以1 : 1 (體積/體積)乳化而 得最後體積爲4 0 0 // 1以供初次免疫之用。其後之免疫 中,抗原用不完全弗瑞得佐助劑(I FA)以類似方式乳 化。爲了含佐助劑(明礬,MPL或QS2 1 )之疫苗, 每劑量100//gAN1792或AN1528綜合明礬 (Img /劑量)或MPL (50//g/劑量)或 QS21 (25//g /劑量)至最後體積爲200//1 P B S並由皮下接種於兩肩胛之間的背部。爲了接受F A 之組,100//g AN1792用完全弗瑞得佐助劑( C F A )以1 : 1 (體積/體積)乳化而得最後體積爲 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 4 0 0 // 1並由腹膜內注射以行首次g疫,隨後追加相同 數量之不完全弗瑞得佐助劑,中的免疫原於其餘五次免疫。 爲了接受不含佐助劑之AN1792組,l〇//g AN1792 綜合 5//g thimerosal 至 50//1 PBS 最後體積並由皮下注射。第9組(對照組)僅由皮下注射 以200// 1 PBS。免疫療程係爲前三次投服均每二週 進行一次,其後每月進行一次而在第〇,16,28, 5 6,8 5及1 1 2天投服。在第二次投藥後開始,於每 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _ 86 1239847 A7 ______B7 五、發明説明(84 ) 次免疫後6 - 7天對動物抽血以測定抗體滴定度。動物在 最後投服後約1週安逸死。結果係利用腦內之A 及 A P P値的E L I S A分析以及腦部份存在之致澱粉樣斑 的免疫組織化學評估而得。此外,還測得A /3 -專一性抗 體滴定度,以及Α Θ -依賴性增殖與細胞分裂反應。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 表3顯示對A/3 1 — 4 2之最高抗體滴定度係由FA 及AN 1 7 9 2誘起,尖峰滴定度出現在第四次免疫後( 尖峰GMT: 75386)而在最後第六次免疫後降低 5 9%。由含AN 1 7 9 2之MP L誘起之尖峰平均滴定 度係6 2%低於由FA誘起之値且亦在免疫療程早期,在 第三次投服後達到,隨後在第六次免疫後降低至尖峰値之 2 8%。由綜合AN 1 7 9 2之Q S 2 1產生的尖峰平均 滴定度(G Μ T : 1 5 1 1 )約五倍低於由Μ P L所得値 。此外,因爲需要額外免疫以達到尖峰反應,所以反應之 動力學減緩。由明礬一結合A Ν1 7 9 2所產生之滴定度 稍大於Q S 2 1所產生之値且反應動力學較快速。對含 thimerosal之PBS中輸送的AN1 7 9 2而言,滴定度之 頻率及大小勉強大於單獨P_ B S所致値。由Μ P L及 ΑΝ1792產生之尖峰滴定度(尖峰GMT 3 0 9 9 ) 約9倍低於由A Ν 1 7 9 2所產生之値。明礬一結合之 AN 1 7 9 2因僅在少許動物中產生低滴定度,故其免疫 活性極差。在僅用P B S免疫之對照組動物中未見及任何 抗體反應。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) ΓβΤΙ 1239847 五 '發明説明細) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 表9 ---— ——___ 幾何平均抗體滴定度a --fE &血週數 治療 3.3 5.0 9.0 13.0 17.0 明礬/ 102 1081 2366 1083 572 AN1792 (12/21)b (17/20) (21/21) (19/21) (18/21) MPL/ 6241 28867 11242 5665 8204 AN1792 (21/21) (21/21) (21/21) (20/20) (20/20) QS21/ 30 227 327 1511 1188 AN1792 (1/20) (10/19) (10/19) (17/18) (14/18) CFA/ 10076 61279 75386 41628 30574 AN1792 (15/15) (15/15) (15/15) (15/15) (15/15) 明礬/ 25 33 3 9 37 31 AN1528 (0/21 ) (1/21) (3/20) (1/20) (2/20) MPL/ 184 259 1 1653 1156 3099 AN1528 (15/21) (20/21) (21/21) (20/22) (20/20) QS21/ 29 221 51 820 2994 AN1528 (1/22 ) (13/22) (4/22) (20/22) (21/22 ) PBS + 25 33 39 37 47 Thimerosal (0/16) (2/16) (4/16) (3/16) (4/16) PBS 25 25 25 25 25 (0/16) (0/16) (0/15) (0/12) (0/16) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) · 88 - 1239847 A7 B7__ 五、發明説明(87 ) 之鼴鼠,AN1 79 2 + CFA/I FA治療組之減低達 到統計意義(P,〇 · 05) 。AN1 792+thimerosal 治療之鼴鼠的中間値是爲1619ng/g A々42。 X .毒性分析 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 收集組織以供實例2,3及7中所述之硏究結束處之 組織致病學檢視之用。此外,血液學及臨床化學亦對實例 3及7之末梢血液樣品進行。評估大部份之主要器官,其 包括腦,肺·,淋巴樣,胃腸,肝,腎,腎上腺及內芽胞。 雖然在硏究動物中見及散發病灶,但經或未經 A N 1 7 9 2治療之動物,無論是罹患組織或病灶嚴重程 度方面均無任何明顯差別。與P B S -治療或未治療動物 比較之下,AN — 1 7 8 2免疫之動物中並未見及任何獨 持之組織致病病灶。在實例7中,佐助劑組與P B S治療 動物間亦無任何臨床化學模式差異。雖然相對於P B S治 療動物而言,在實例7中之用AN 1 7 9 2及弗瑞得佐助 劑治療之動物,幾個血液學參數顯著提高,但這些作用形 態係爲弗瑞得佐助劑治療及.伴生之腹膜炎所預期的並不代 表來自A N 1 7 9 2治療之任何負作用。即使並非毒性評 估之一部份,進一步檢視P D A P P鼴鼠腦部病理學作爲 效力結點的一部份。在任何硏究中均未見及治療相關之對 腦部形態學的負作用。由這些結果顯示出A N 1 7 9 2治 療是耐受性極佳且至少實際上無副作用。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) .Q〇. 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(88 ) XI ·個體之預防及治療 進行單一劑量第I期試驗以測定安全性。治療劑以預 期效力値之約0 . 0 1漸增劑量投服至不同病人,再以3 之因子提高至達到約1 0倍於有效鼴鼠劑量之値爲止。 進行第I I期試驗以測定治療效力。選擇罹患使用阿 茲海默氏疾病及相關疾病結合(A D R D A )準則定義之 早一中期阿茲海默氏疾病的病人。適當病人在Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE)中在1 2 — 26範圍內評分。其他 選擇標準是爲病人在硏究期間可能存活下來並無複雜影響 因素,諸如,使用會產生干擾之倂服藥物。病人功能之基 準評估係用典型精神測驗法進行,諸如,Μ M S E及 ADA S,其係爲評估阿茲海默氏疾病病人之疾病狀態與 功能的範圍廣泛準繩。適當之定性生命準繩亦可用以監控 治療。疾病進展亦可用MR I監控,病人的血液型態亦可 監控,其包括免疫原-專一性抗體及T -細胞反應分析。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印袋 基準測定之後病人開始接受治療。他們以盲目方式任 意用治療劑或安慰劑治療。至少每6個月監控病人。效力 係藉由治療劑相對於安慰劑之進展顯著降低而測得。 進行第I I期試驗以評估病人由非阿茲海默氏疾病早 年記憶喪失(有時稱之爲年齡-伴生之記憶受損, AAM I )轉化成如ADRDA準則定義之可能阿茲海默 氏疾病。具有轉化成阿茲海默氏疾病高危險性之病人係藉 由篩選伴生預-阿茲海默氏疾病症候之記憶喪失或其他困 難之參考人口,阿茲海默氏疾病家族史,遺傳性危險因子 -91 - (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 1239847 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(90 ) NaCl ,0 · 6%胎牛血淸白蛋白,0 · 05% thimersal )中的1 / 1 0 0稀釋液開始。樣品之7個系列 稀釋液以3倍步驟直接在板內製備而達到1 / 2 1 8 7 0 0之最後稀釋液。各稀釋液在室溫下在經塗布 一板分格內孵養1小時。該板再用含0 · 0 5% Tween 20 之P B S洗滌4次。將共軛至辣根過氧化酶(得自 Boehringer Mannheim)之第二抗體(羊之抗-鼴鼠ig)以在 Specimen Diluent 中之 1/3000 稀釋液(100// 1 ) 加至分格內並在室溫下孵養1小時。該板再用PBS, Tween 20洗滌4次。爲了發展色原,將1 〇 〇 β 1之Slow TMB (3,3’ ,5,5’ 一四甲基聯苯胺,得自Pierce Chemicals)加至每一分格內且於室溫下孵養1 5分鐘。反 應由加入2 5//1之2M H2S〇4而中止。再於 Molecular Devices Vmax( 4 5 0 nm - 6 5 0 nm)讀取 顏色強度。 滴定度定義爲產生1 /2最大0 D之血淸稀釋濃度。 最大OD通常由初始之1/1 0 0稀釋濃度取得,但在極 高滴定度之情況下例外,在.該情況下,需要較高初始稀釋 濃度以得最大〇D。若5 0 %之點落在二稀釋濃度之間, 則採線性外堆法計算最後滴定度。爲了計算幾何平均抗體 滴定度,小於1 0 0之滴定度則任意定爲2 5。 2 ·淋巴細胞增殖分析 用isoflurane麻醉鼴鼠。移除脾臟且用5 m 1含1 0 % 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) _ Q3 - · II (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(91 ) 熱一去活化胎牛血淸之PBS (PBS - FBS)淸洗2 次,再於 1.5ml PBS — FBS 中之 50 n Centricon 單元(Dako A/S,Denmark)內,在Medimachine (Dako )中在1 0 0 r p m下均化1 0秒,隨後,經由 1 0 0 V孔徑尼龍篩網過濾。脾細胞用1 5 m 1 PBS — F B S洗滌1次,再於2 0 0 x g下離心5分鐘以成粒狀 。紅色血液細胞係藉由在室溫下,再度懸浮九粒於5 m 1 含 0.15M N Η 4 C 1 » 1 M KHC〇3,〇.1m NaEDTA之緩衝液,pH7 · 4中5分鐘布溶解。白 血球再如上洗滌。剛分離出之脾細胞(1 0 0 0 〇 〇細胞 /分格)以三份方式,在9 6 -分格之U形底組織培養-處 理的微滴定板(Corning,Cambridge,MA)中,在補充 2 . 0 5 m M L —麩胺酸,1%盤尼西林/鏈霉素及1〇 %熱—去活化FBS之RPMI 1640介質(JRH blOSCIENCES, Lenexa,KS )內,在 3 7。C 下培養 9 6 小 時。各種 A/3 肽類,A/31 — 16 ,A/31 — 40 , 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A冷1 一4 2或AyS 4 0 — 1逆序列—白質亦在四步驟內 ,在5 // Μ — 0 · 1 8 // M.劑量範圍內加入。對照組分格 內之細胞用未加入蛋白質之Concanavalin A(Con Α)( Sigma, cat. # C — 5 27 5,1 //g/m 1 )培養。細胞 在最後24小時用3H -胸腺核苷(1// Ci /分格,得 白 Amersham Corp.,Arlington Heights IL)脈衝。細胞再收 集至UniFilter板上並在Top Count Microplate閃爍計數器 (Packard Instruments,Downers Grove,IL)中計數。結果 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -94- 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(92 ) 以倂入不可溶巨分子內之放射活性的次數/分鐘(c pm) 表示。 4 ·腦組織製備 安逸死後,移除腦並製備一半球以供免疫組織化學分 析之用而從另一半球切除三個腦區(海馬,皮質及小腦) 且用以使用專一性 E L I S A s ( Johnson-Wood et al·,同 上)測定各種形態A蛋白質及A P P的濃度。 供E L I S A s用之組織在1 0體積冰冷胍緩衝液( 5 · 0M 胍- HC1 ,50mMTr i s-HCl ,pH 8 · 0 )中均化。均化物使用 Adams Nutator (fisher), 在室溫下溫和攪拌3 - 4小時,再於定量Αθ及AP P前 貯於- 2 0。C下。先前實驗已証明分析物在此一貯存條 件下是安定的,而合成之A々蛋白質(Bachem)在釘入來 自鼴鼠littermates( Johnson-Wood et al·,同上)之對照組腦 組織均化物時可定量回收。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 5 ·測定A石値 腦均化物用冰冷酪蛋白稀釋劑(0 . 2 5 %酪蛋白, PB S,0 · 0 5% 疊氮化鈉,2 0 g/m 1 aprotinin, 5 m Μ Ε D Τ A pH8.0,10g/ml leupeptin ) ,以1 : 10之比例稀釋並在4°C,16000xg下 離心2 0分離。製備合成之A /5蛋白質標準物及A P P標 準物以包含0 · 5M胍與〇 . 1%胎牛血淸白蛋白( 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) nc . 一 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(93 ) B S A )於最後組成物中。”全部” A 0三明治 EL I SA使用單株抗體(mA) 266 (對A/3之胺基 酸1 3 — 2 8 ( Seubert,et al·,)具專一性)作爲捕捉抗體 ’而生物化mA 3D 6 (對A /3之胺基酸1 — 5 (Johnson -W〇od,et al)具專一性)作爲接受抗體。3D6 mA並不 辨識分泌之A P P或全長A P P而僅偵測含天冬胺酸胺基 終端之A/S。此一分析具有〜50pg/ml (llpM )之敏感性下限且在高達1 n g /m 1之濃度下,對內源 性之鼴鼠A蛋白質無交叉反應力(j〇hnson-Wood et al.,同 上)。 A/3 1 — 42專一性三明治EL I SA採用mA/3 2 1 F 1 2 (對 A /3 之胺基酸 3 3 — 4 2 (Johnson-Wood et al.)具專一性)作爲捕捉抗體。生物化之m A冷 3 D 6亦充作本分析中之接受抗體,此分析之敏感性下限 爲約 1 2 5 /〇 g / m 1 ( 2 8 p m,Johnson-Wood et al.) 。對 AELISAs 而言,100//1 之 mA 2 6 6 ( l〇//g/ml)或 mA/321F12 (5//g/ml) 刊利用在室溫下培養過夜两塗布至'9 6 -分格免疫分析板 (Costar)之分格內。抽吸移除溶液且在室溫下,在至少1 小時內,將200/zl之〇 · 25%PBS緩衝液中的人 類血淸白蛋白加至分格內而封阻之。移除封阻溶液並將該 板乾燥貯存在4。C下直到使用爲止。各板在使用前再用 洗滌緩衝液〔Tr i s -緩衝之食鹽水,〇 · 15M NaCl,〇.〇lMTris— HCl,pH 7.5 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -96- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(94 ) 〕加上0 · 0 5 % Tween 20〕水合。樣品及標準物各以 1 00// 1/分格加入(3份)後再於4。C下孵養過夜 。各板在分析之每一步驟間用洗滌緩衝液至少洗滌3次。 加入生物化之mAyS 3D6 (在酪蛋白分析緩衝液( 0.25% 酪蛋白,PBS,0.05% Tween 2 0, pH 7.4)中稀釋至〇.5//g/ml)並於室溫下, 在分格中培養1小時。在室溫下,1小時內,在分格中加 入抗生物素蛋白一辣根過氧化酶共軛體(Avidin-HRP,得 自Vector,Builingame,CA,在酪蛋白分析緩衝液中以1 : 4 0 0 0比例稀釋)。加入比色基質(Slow TMB-ELISA ( Pierce ))並使其在室溫下反應15分鐘,其後,由加入 2 5 1之2N 1123〇4而中止酶化反應。反應產物利用
Molecular Devices Vmax 定量,測定在 4 5 0 nm 及 6 5 0 n m之吸收性差異。 6 ·測定A P P値 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 採用兩種不同的A P P分析。第一種分析(定名爲 APP — α/FL)辨識 APP 之 ΑΡΡ — α (α)及全 長(F L )兩种形態。第二種分析對A Ρ Ρ -具專一性。 APP-α/FL分析辨識含A0之前12個胺基酸的分 泌胺基酸。因爲接受抗體(2 Η 3 )對出現於 A Ρ Ρ 6 9 5 ( Esch et al.,Science 248 J 1122 — 1 124 (1990))之胺基酸 612 — 613 間的一 夾一位置無專一性;所以,此分析亦辨識全長A Ρ Ρ ( -97- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(95 ) APP — FL)。使用APP — FL之細胞質尾部的固定 不動A P P抗體以耗竭a p p 一 F L之腦均化物喻示約 30-40%APP—a/FLAPP是FL (數據未示 出),APP — α/FL及APP - α分析之捕捉抗體均 爲m Α β 8 Ε 5,其針對A Ρ Ρ 6 9 5形態之胺基酸 4 4 4 — 59 2 培植(Games et al·,同上)。ΑΡ Ρ — α/ FL分析之接受抗體mA/3是mA/32H3,其對 APP6 9 5 之胺基酸 5 9 7 - 6 08 具專一性(Johnson-Wood et al.,同上)而APP — α分析之接受抗體是 mA冷16Η9,其針對APP之胺基酸605 — 611 培植。A Ρ P - a / F L分析之敏感性下限爲約1 1 n g /ml (150/〇Μ) ( J 〇 h n s ο η - W ο o d e t a 1 ·)而 A Ρ Ρ — α專一性分析之敏感性下限爲2 2 n g /m 1 ( 〇 · 3 pM)。對二種APP分析而言,mA 8E5係如上 mAy3 2 6 6中所述地塗布至Ε I A板之9 6 —分格內。 使用純化之重組分泌A Ρ Ρ _ α ^爲A Ρ P - α分析與 APP — α/FL分析之參考標準(Esch et al·,同上)。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 在5 Μ胍中之腦均化物用EL I S A樣品稀釋劑( 0.014M磷酸鹽緩衝液,pH 7.4,0.6%胎牛 血淸白蛋白,0 · 0 5%thimerosal,0 · 5M N a C 1 , 0.1% NP40)以1 : 10之比例稀釋。它們再用含 0 · 5 Μ胍之樣品稀釋劑以1 : 4之比例稀釋。稀釋均化 物再於室溫及1 6 0 0 0 X g下離心1 5秒鐘。A Ρ Ρ標 準物及樣品以雙份方式加至板內並於室溫下孵養1小時。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) · 98 · 1239847 A7 B7 一 五、發明説明(96 ) 生物化接受抗體2 Η 3或1 6 Η 9用樣品在室溫下孵養1 小時。以1 : 1 0 0 0比例稀釋於樣品稀釋劑中之鏈抗生 物素蛋白一驗性磷酸酶(Boehringer Mannheim)在分格內 ,室溫下孵養1小時。加入螢光基質4 一甲基-繳形願1基 一磷酸鹽作3 0分鐘室溫孵養且在Cytofluor tm 2 3 5 〇 螢光計數器(Millipore )上,在365nm激發及450 n m發射波長處讀値。 7 .免疫組織化學 腦子固定在4。C下之4%PBS內的伸甲醛中3天 後,再貯於4。C下之1%伸甲醛,PBS中1 一 7天直 到切斷爲止。4 0微米厚之冠狀部份在室溫下,在 vibratome上切割並在兌免疫組織化學處理前貯於一 2 0 C 下之低溫人保護劑(在磷酸鹽緩衝液中之3 0%甘醇, 3 0 %乙二醇)內。每一腦內在背側海馬處之6個各由連 續2 4 0 // m間隔分開之部份用下列抗體之一孵養過夜: 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) (1 )在P B S及1%馬血淸中稀釋考濃度爲2 // g/ ml之生物素化抗一 A/S (.mA^S,3D6,對人類A/3 具專一性);或(2 )在P B S及1 %馬血淸中稀釋至濃 度爲3//g/ml之對人類APP,8E5具專一性的生 物素化m A Θ ;或(3 )在T r i s —緩衝食鹽水, p Η 7 · 4 ( T B S )中之對神經膠纖維酸性蛋白質( GFAP;Sigma Chemical Co.)具專一性之 m Α 冷,其用 0 · 2 5 % Triton X - 100 與 1% 馬血淸以 1 : 500 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) ^99 - 1239847 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明(97 ) 之比例稀釋;或(4)在TBS中之對CDllb, M a c — 1 抗原(Chemicon International)具專一性的 mA冷,其用〇 · 25% 丁 riton X— 100與1%兔子血 淸以1 : 1 0 0之比例稀釋;或(5 )在T B S中之對 Μ H C I I抗原(Pharmingen )具專一性的mA/3,其用 0 · 2 5 % Triton X— 100 與 1% 兔子血淸以 1 : 100之比例稀釋;或(6)在PBS中之對CD 4 3 ( Pharmingen )具專一性的兔子mA石,其用1 %兔子血淸以
1 : 1 0 0之比例稀釋;或(7 )在P B S中之對C D 4 5 R A ( Phamingen)具專一性的兔子mAyS,其用1% 兔子血淸以1 : 100之比例稀釋;或(8)在PBS中 之對CD 45RB( Phamingen )具專一性的兔子單株 mA0,其用1%兔子血淸以1 : 1〇〇之比例稀釋;或 (9 )在 P B S 中之對 CD 4 5 (Pharmingen)具專一性 的兔子單株mA/3,其用1%兔子血淸以1 : 1〇〇之比 例稀釋;或(1 0 )在P B S中之對C D 3 e ( Pharmingen )具專一性的生物素化多株大鼠抗體兔子 mA々,其用1%兔子血淸以1 : 1 〇 〇之比例稀釋;或 (11) 在PBS中之對CD 3( Serotec )具專一性的兔 子mA/3,其用1%兔子血淸以1 : 2 0 0之比例稀釋或 (12) PBS溶液,其缺乏主要抗體而包含1%正常馬 血淸。 與以上1,2及6 - 1 2中所列抗體溶液反應之部份 用PBS中之1% Triton X— 100,0 · 4%過氧化氫 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) _ ] 〇〇 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
、1T 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(98 ) ’在室溫下預處理2 0分鐘以封阻內源性過氧化酶。它們 隨後在4。C下,用主要抗體孵養過夜。與3D6或 8E5或CD3e mA/3s反應之部份再於室溫下,與 P B S中以1 : 7 5比例稀釋之含組成分” A ”及” B ” 的辣根過氧化酶-抗生物素蛋白一生物素-複合物(Vector E1 i t e S t a n d a r d K i t,V e c t 〇 r L a b s,B u r 1 i n g a m e,C A )反應。 與對CD 45Ra,CD45RB,CD 45,CD及 缺乏主要抗體之P B S溶液反應之各部份在室溫下,分別 用PBS中之以1 : 7 5比例稀釋的生物素化抗一兔子 I g G ( vector)或PBS中之以1 : 75比例稀釋的生物 素化抗一鼴鼠I g G ( vector )勝養1小時。各部份再與 P B S中以1 : 7 5比例稀釋之含組成分” A ”及” B ” 的辣根過氧化酶-抗生物素蛋白-生物素-複合物(Vector Elite Standard Kit, Vector Labs, Burlingame, CA )反應 o 各部份在室溫下,0 . 01%過氧化氫,0 · 05% 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 3,3’ 一二胺基聯苯胺(DAB) $發展。預定用 GFAP — ’MAC— 1 —.及 M H'C I I —專一性抗體孵 養之部份用0.6%過氧化氫於室溫下預先處理以封阻內 源性過氧化酶,再用主要抗體於4。C下孵養過夜。與 G F A Ρ -抗體反應之部份在室溫下,用馬內製成之用 T B S以1 : 2 0 0比例稀釋的生物素化抗—鼴鼠I g G (Vector Laboratories; Vectastain Elite ABC Kit)孵養 1 小時。其次,各部份再與用TBS稀釋(1 : 1000) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS )八4規格(2!0'〆297公釐〉 -1〇1 - 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(99 ) 之抗生物素蛋白一生物素-過氧化酶複合物(Vector Laboratories; Vectastain Elite ABC Kit)反應 1 小時。用 充作主要抗體之MAC— 1 -或MHC II —專一性mA 孵養之各部份隨後在室溫下,與用TB S稀釋(1 : 200)之兔子中製成的生物素化抗一兔子IgG反應, 隨後用抗生物素蛋白一生物素-過氧化酶複合物(用 TBS 稀釋,1 : 1〇〇〇)。用 GFAP —,MAC — 1 一及MHC II -專一性抗體孵養之各部份再於室溫下 ,分別用0、05%DAB,0 . 01%過氧化氫, 0 · 04%氯化鎳,TBS處理4及1 1分鐘而使其看得 見。 將免疫標記部份置於玻璃片(VWR,Superfrost slide) 上,空氣乾燥過夜,浸入Propar ( Anatech )中並使用 Pemount ( Fisher)作爲裝載介質而與覆蓋片重疊。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 爲了逆染A斑,將幾組G F A P -陽性部份裝載於 Superfrost 片上並於含水之 l%Thioflavin S( Sigma)中孵 養7分鐘,隨後免疫組織化學處理。各部份再予脫水並於 Propar內淸洗,然後與安裝載Permount之覆蓋片重疊。 8 .影像分析
Videometric 150 Image Analysis System ( Oncor, Inc., Gaithersburg,MD)經由 C C D 錄影机及 Sony Trinitron 螢 幕連接至Nikon Microphot-FX顯微鏡而用以定量免疫反應 性玻片。貯存切片影像於影像緩衝液中並測定色彩-及飽 -102- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(10〇) 和度-爲主之臨界點以選擇及計算免疫標記結構所占有之 全部影像面積。對每一切片而言,海馬係用手動方式繪圖 而算出海馬占有之全部影像面積。致澱粉樣負荷百分比干 係如下測得:(包含與m A 0 3 D 6免疫反應之海馬區分 率)X 1 0 0。類似地,神經元負荷百分比係如下測得: 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (包含與mA /3 8 E 5免疫反應之營養障礙神經突的海馬 區分率)X 1 〇 〇。操作Simple 32軟體應用程式之C-Imaging System ( Compix Inc., Cranberry Township, PA) 經由Optronics照相機連接至Nikon Microphot-FX顯微鏡並 用以定量GFAP -陽性星形細胞增多症與MAC — 1 -及Μ H C I I -陽性小神經膠質所占有之逆脾皮質百分比 。免疫反應切片之影像貯於影像緩衝液中並測定單色-爲 主之臨界點以選擇及計算免疫標記細胞所占有之全部影像 面積。對每一切片而言,逆脾皮質(R S C )係用手動方 式繪圖而算出R S C占有之全部影像面積。星形細胞增多 症百分比干係如下測得:(G F A P -反應性星形細胞所 占有之R S C分率)X 1 〇 〇。類似地,小神經膠質百分 比係如下測得:(M A C -. 1 _或Μ H C I I —反應性小 神經膠質所占有之R S C分率)X 1 0 0。對所有影像分 析而言,定量每一動物在背側海馬區之各以連續2 4 0 # m間隔分開之6部份。在所有情況下,動物之治療情形 是觀察者未知的。 雖然前面發明已詳加說明以淸楚了解其內容,很明顯 的某些改良亨在所附申請專利範圍內實行。所有本文中引 -103- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 1239847 A7 B7 五、發明説明(1〇1 ) 証之公告與專利文件全部內容均以其個別所示目的倂爲本 文參考資料。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -104- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 1239847
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Claims (1)
1239断 Α8 Β8 C8 D8 申請專利範圍 附件3A 第87 1 1 9660號專利申請案 中文申請專利範圍替換本^ 民國94年 月3'日修正 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1 · 一種用於預防和治療阿玆海默氏疾病之藥學組成 物’其包含A/3肽或其選自AyS40、AyS42、A/31-5、 Α/3 1·6、Α/3 1·12或AA13-28之免疫原性片段及選自明 礬、單磷脂或QS21之藥學上可接受之佐助劑,且有效誘 起免疫反應(包含產生對Α万·肽或其免疫原性片段之抗體) ,其中該佐助劑增強對A万肽或其免疫原性片段的免疫反 應。 2 ·如申請專利範圍第1項之藥學組成物,其中該 A /3肽或其免疫原性片段是包覆在顆粒內部。 3 .如申請專利範圍第2項之藥學組成物,其中該顆 粒是聚內交酯聚乙交酯共聚物(p L p g )顆粒。 4 .如申請專利範圍第1或2項之藥學組成物 〇之A /5肽。 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之藥學組成物 0 之A /3片段。 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之藥學組成物 0 μ;之 A /3 肽。 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之藥學組成物 〇 μβ之A /3片段。 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之藥學組成物,其包 含至少 5 含至少6 含至少7 含至少 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 其包 其包 其包 其包 取..氏張尺度適用中國國家標率(CNS) (210><297公寶 1239847 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 2 含至少5 0 μ£之A/3肽。 • 9 .如申請專利範圍第1或2項之藥學組成物,其包 含至少5 0 之A,片段。 1 0 .如申請專利範圍第’1或2項之藥學組成物,其 包含至少1 〇 〇 之A/3肽。 ]_ i •如申請專利範圍第1或2項之藥學組成物,其 包含至少1 〇 〇 之αθ片段。 1 2 ·如申請專利範圍第1或2項之藥學組成物,其 中該Α万肽或其免疫原性片段於投遞時呈聚集形式。 1 3 ·如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之藥學組 成物,其中該佐助劑適於投服人體。 1 4 .如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之藥學組 成物,其中該藥學組成物爲非經腸投服的藥學組成物。 1 5 ·如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之藥學組 成物,其中該藥學組成物適於經肌肉內或經皮下投服。 1 6 . 一種用於預防和治療阿玆海默氏疾病之藥學組 成物,其包含运自 A/3 1- 5' A/3 1- 6、A/3 1-12 或 A/3 13-28 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 之免疫原性Α Θ片段’該片段連接載體分子以形成共軛分 子,其中該載體分子係免疫球蛋白或白喉類毒素。 1 7 如申請專利範圍第1 6項之藥學組成物,其中 該載體分子係促進對抗Α Θ片段之免疫反應。 1 8 .如申請專利範圍第1 6項之藥學組成物,其中 該白喉類毒素爲C R Μ 1 9 7。 i 9 •如申請專利範圍第1 7項之藥學組成物,其中 本焱張尺度適用中國國家操準(CNS) A4規格( 210X297公釐) I '— 1239847 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 3 該白喉類毒素爲C R Μ 1 9 7。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 2 0 .如申請專利範圍第1 6至1 9項中任一項之藥 學組成物,其中該A /3片段係以融合蛋白質之形式連接至 該載體。 2 1 ·如申請專利範圍第1 6至1 9項中任一項之藥 學組成物,其中該藥學組成物係非經腸投服之藥學組成物 〇 2 2 ·如申請專利範圍第1 6至1 9項中任一*項之藥 學組成物,其中該藥學組成物適於經肌肉或經皮下投服。 2 3 · —種用於預防或治療特徵爲在病人體內具有包 含A /3肽之澱粉樣沈.積的疾病之藥學組成物,其包含專一 結合A 肽或其免疫原性片段的拮抗a /9之抗體,其中該 抗體專一結合 Ay5l-12、A/5 13-28、A;S40 或 Ay542,且 該抗體量係有效預防或治療該疾病,其中投服該抗體係降 低病人腦中A /3量。 2 4 .如申請專利軔圍第2 3項之藥學組成物,其中 該抗體爲單株抗體。 ‘ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 2 5 .如申請專利範圍第2 3項之藥學組成物,其中 該爲人類化抗體。 2 6 ·如申請專利範圍第2 5項之藥學組成物,其中 該抗體爲I g G 1。 .2 7 ·如申請專利範圍第2 5項之藥學組成物,其中 該抗體與載體以藥學組成物之型式投服。 2 8 .如申請專利範圍第2 3至2 7項中任一項之藥 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) q 1239847 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 4 學組成物,其中該藥學組成物另包含佐助劑,其適於投服 人體。 2 9 .如申請專利範圍第2 3至2 7項中任一項之藥 學組成物,其中該藥學組成物係非經腸投服之藥學組成物 〇 · 3 0 .如申請專利範圍第2 3至2 7項中任一項之藥 學組成物,其中該藥學組成物適於經肌肉內或經皮下投服 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、1T έ 經濟部智慧財產¾員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家棵準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -4-
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