TW544952B - Group III nitride based light emitting diode structures with a quantum well and superlattice, group III nitride based quantum well structures and group III nitride based superlattice structures - Google Patents
Group III nitride based light emitting diode structures with a quantum well and superlattice, group III nitride based quantum well structures and group III nitride based superlattice structures Download PDFInfo
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- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 nitride nitride Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- DDUHZTYCFQRHIY-RBHXEPJQSA-N griseofulvin Chemical compound COC1=CC(=O)C[C@@H](C)[C@@]11C(=O)C(C(OC)=CC(OC)=C2Cl)=C2O1 DDUHZTYCFQRHIY-RBHXEPJQSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 269
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum gallium Chemical compound [Al].[Ga] RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical group [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001123946 Gaga Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150074785 cut-3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical group [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/81—Bodies
- H10H20/811—Bodies having quantum effect structures or superlattices, e.g. tunnel junctions
- H10H20/812—Bodies having quantum effect structures or superlattices, e.g. tunnel junctions within the light-emitting regions, e.g. having quantum confinement structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/0237—Materials
- H01L21/02373—Group 14 semiconducting materials
- H01L21/02378—Silicon carbide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02439—Materials
- H01L21/02455—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/02458—Nitrides
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02494—Structure
- H01L21/02496—Layer structure
- H01L21/02505—Layer structure consisting of more than two layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02494—Structure
- H01L21/02496—Layer structure
- H01L21/02505—Layer structure consisting of more than two layers
- H01L21/02507—Alternating layers, e.g. superlattice
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02538—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/0254—Nitrides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/81—Bodies
- H10H20/822—Materials of the light-emitting regions
- H10H20/824—Materials of the light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials, e.g. GaP
- H10H20/825—Materials of the light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials, e.g. GaP containing nitrogen, e.g. GaN
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Description
544952 A7 B7 五、發明説明(1 ) 臨時申請案之交互參考 此申請案主張以下之權益及優先權,其為臨時申請編號 60/294,445,其於2001年5月30日立案,其名為「多重量子 井發光二極體結構(MULTI-QUANTUM WELL LIGHT EMITTING DIODE STRUCTURE)」,臨時申請編號 60/294,3 08,其於2001年5月30曰立案,其名為「具有超晶 格結構之發光二極體(LIGHT EMITTING DIODE STRUCTURE WITH SUPERLATTICE STRUCTURE)」,及臨 時申請編號60/294,3 78,其於2001年5月30曰立案,其名為 「具有多重量子井及超晶格結構之發光二極體結構(LIGHT EMITTING DIODE STRUCTURE WITH MULTI-QUANTUM WELL AND SUPERLATTICE STRUCTURE)」,其揭示之内 容在此完整引用做為參考,如同在此處所揭示。 發明領域 本發明關於微電子裝置,及其製造方法,更特定言之, 係關於可用於III族氮化物半導體裝置之結構,例如發光二 極體(LED)。 發明背景 發光二極體已廣泛地用於消費性及商業應用。如本技藝 專業人士所熟知,一發光二極體通常包含在一微電子基板 上一 一極體區域。該微電子基板可包含例如神化蘇、碌化 鎵、其合金、碳化矽及/或藍寶石。對於led之持續的發展 已產生高度有效率及機械性強固的光源,其可涵蓋可見光 譜及以外的部份。這些屬性,耦合於固態裝置之可能的長 -6- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 544952 A7 B7 五、發明説明(2 ) 服務壽命,其可產生多種新的顯示應用,並可放置LED在 一位置上,以競爭於已根深蒂固的白熱燈泡。 在製造III族氮化物型LED時對於製造高品質氮化鎵已有 一個困難,例如氮化鎵型LED。基本上,氮化鎵LED已經製 造在藍寶石或碳化矽基板上。這種基板可造成該基板的該 結晶晶格與該氮化鎵之間的失配。其已使用不同的技術來 克服氮化鎵在藍寶石及/或碳化矽上成長之潛在的問題。舉 例而言,氮化鋁(A1N)可做為一碳化矽基板與一 III族活性層 之間的缓衝層,特別是一氮化鎵活性層。但是基本上,氮 化鋁為絕緣,而非導電。因此,具有氮化鋁缓衝層之結構 基本上需要短路接點,其分流該氮化鋁缓衝器來電性連結 該導電5炭化碎基板到該III族氮化物活性層。 另夕卜,導電緩衝層材料,例如氮化鎵(GaN)、氮化ί呂鎵 (AlGaN)、或氮化鎵及氮化鋁鎵的組合,其可允許消除典型 上會使用於A1N緩衝層之短路接點。基本上,消除該短路接 點可降低該磊晶層厚度,降低製造裝置所需要的製造步驟 之數目,降低整體晶片尺寸,及/或增加該裝置效率。因此 ,III族氮化物裝置可用低成本製造,但具要一較高的效能 。然而,雖然這些導電緩衝材料提供這些好處,其結晶晶 格與碳化矽之匹配,相較於氮化鋁為較不令人滿意。 在提供高品質氮化鎵時前述的困難可造成降低了該裝置 的效率。要增加III族氮化物型裝置輸出之嘗試已經包含改 變該裝置之活性區域的組態。這種嘗試已經包含例如使用 該單一及/或雙重異質結構活性區域。類似地,具有一或多 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐) 544952 A7 _ '_ B7 五、發明説明(3 ) 個ΠΙ族氮化物量子井之量子井裝置亦已經說明。雖然這些 嘗試已經改進了 III族型裝置之效率,其仍可達到進一步的 改進。 發明概要 本發明具體實施例提供一具有III族氮化物型超晶格之發 光二極體,及在該超晶格上一 III族氮化物型活性區域。該 活性區域具有至少一量子井結構。該量子井結構包含一第 一 III族氮化物型位障層,在該第一位障層上一 III族氮化物 型量子井層,及在該量子井層上一第二III族氮化物型位障 層。 在本發明進一步具體實施例中,該發光二極體包含來自 該至少一個量子井結構之約2到10次重覆。 在本發明之額外具體貫施例中,該超晶格包含一 I化嫁 型超晶格,其具有至少兩個週期的交替層iQxGai-xN及 InyGahYN,其中0SX<1及〇sy<i,而X不等於γ。該第 一 III族氮化物型位障層提供一包含一 III族氮化物之井支撐 層,而該第二III族氮化物型位障層提供在該量子井層上包 含一 III族氮化物之一覆蓋層。 在這種具體實施例中,該覆蓋層之結晶品質要比該井支 樓層要低。 在本發明又進一步具體實施例中,該井支撐層包含一氮 化鎵型層,該量子井層包含一氮化銦鎵層,而該位障層包 含一氮化鎵型層。在這種具體實施例中,該井支樓層與該 覆蓋層可由InxGa^xN的疊層提供,其中〇幺1。再者, -8- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公爱) *-~~— 544952 A7 --—______B7 五、發明説明~~~ --- 該井支撐層與該覆蓋層之銦成份可小於該量子井層的麵成 份。 该井支撐層與該覆蓋層亦可由AlxInYGai心疊層提 供,其中:<x<1,0…1及x+m。再者,該井支撐 層與該覆蓋層可為未摻雜的。另外,該井支撐層與該覆蓋 層可具有一小於約MIO19 cm-3(n型摻雜程度。該覆蓋層與 該井支撐層也可比該量子井層要具有一較高的能帶隙。該 井支撐層與該覆蓋層之組合的厚度可由約50到約4〇〇 A。該 井支撐層的厚度可大於該覆蓋層的厚度。該量子井層之厚 度可由約10到約50 A。舉例而言,該量子井層之厚度可為 約20 A。再者,在該量子井層中銦的百分比可由約15%到約 40%。 在本發明的額外具體實施例中,一 ΠΙ族氮化物型間隔層 係提供在該井支撐層與該超晶格之間。該間隔層可為未摻 雜的GaN。 在本發明其它具體實施例中,該量子井的能帶隙係小於 該超晶格的能帶隙。 在本發明進一步具體實施例中,該發光二極體包含在該 覆盡層上包含一 III族氮化物的一第二井支撐層,在該第二 井支撐層上包含一 III族氮化物的一第二量子井層’及在該 第二量子井層上包含一 III族氮化物的一第二覆蓋層。 在本發明額外具體實施例中,該氮化鎵型超晶格包含由 約5到約5 0的週期。該inxGa卜χΝ與InyGai _γΝ之交替層之結 合的厚度可由約10到約140人。 -9- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) Α4規格(210Χ 297公釐) 544952 A7 B7
五、發明説明(5 ,本發明之特定具體實施例中,對於該超晶格的inxGai.xN 之:Μ!層,X-0。在這種具體實施例中,該層之厚度可 由約5到約40 A,而該GaN層之厚度可由約5到約1〇〇人。 在本發明進-步具體實施例中,該氮化鎵型超晶格係推 雜於1型雜質,其程度由約1χ1〇17 _.3到約5χ1〇19 _·3。 3氮化銥型超晶格之摻雜程度可為該交替層的疊層之一實 際摻雜程度。該摻雜程度也可為該交替層的疊層之平均摻 雜程度。因此,舉例而言,該發光二極體可包含摻雜的⑴ 族氮化物層,其相鄰於該超晶格,其中該摻雜的III族氮化 物層係摻雜於一 η型雜質,以提供該摻雜的m族氮化物層及 該超晶格之平均摻雜由約lxl〇17 cm·3到約5χι〇19 cm·3。該 超晶格的該能帶隙可由約2·95 eV到約3 35 eV,及在某些具 體實施例中,其可為約3.15 eV。 在本發明之其它具體實施例中,其提供一 Ιπ族氮化物型 半守體裝置,其具有包含至少一量子井結構之活性區域。 該量子井結構包含一包含一 m族氮化物之井支撐層,在該 井支撐層上包含一 III族氮化物的一量子井層,及在該量子 井層上包含一 III族氮化物的一覆蓋層。 该覆盍層之結晶品質要比該井支撐層要低。該井支撐層 可由一氮化鎵型疊層所提供,該量子井層可由一氮化銦錫 層所提供,而該位障層可由一氮化鎵型層所提供。在這種 具體實施例中,該井支撐層與該覆蓋層可由inxGai xN的疊 層提供’其中0 S x< 1。再者,該井支撐層與該覆蓋層之 銦成份可小於該量子井層的銦成份。類似地,該井支撐居 -10- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4^格(210X 297公釐) 544952 A7 B7 五、發明説明(6 與δ玄覆蓋層可由AlxInYGamN的疊層提供,其中〇<χ< ,〇 S Y < 1及X+Y幺卜 再者,該井支撐層與該覆蓋層可為未摻雜的。另外,該 井支撐層與該覆蓋層之摻雜程度可小於約5xl0i9em·3。 在本發明進一步具體實施例中,該覆蓋層與該井支撐層 之能帶隙高於該量子井層。該井支撐層與該覆蓋層之結合 的厚度可由約5 0到約400 A。舉例而言,該井支樓層與該覆 盍層之結合的厚度可大於約9 0 A。類似地,該井支撐層與 該覆蓋層之結合的厚度可為約225 A。該井支撐層的厚度可 大於該覆蓋層的厚度。 在本發明的額外具體實施例中,該量子井層之厚度可由 約10到約50 A。舉例而言,該量子井層之厚度可為約25人 。再者’在該量子井層中銦的百分比可由約5%到約5〇0/〇。 在根據本發明之III族氮化物型半導體裝置之進一步具體 實施例中,其提供一超晶格,而該井支撐層係在該超晶格 上。該超晶格可具有一能帶隙約為3.15 eV。再者,一 m族 氮化物型間隔層可提供在該井支撐層與該超晶格之間。該 間隔層可為未摻雜的GaN。同時,該至少一量子井的能帶 隙可小於該超晶格的該能帶隙。 在本發明又進一步的具體實施例中,一包含一 Ιπ族氮化 物的第二井支撐層係提供在該覆蓋層上。一包含一m族氮 化物之第二量子井層提供在該第二井支撐層上,而一包含 一 ΙΠ族氮化物之第二覆蓋層係提供在該第二量子井層上。 在本發明特定具體實施例中,該m族氮化物型半導體裝 - 11 -
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544952 A7 ^_____ B7 五、發明説明(7 ) 置包含來自該至少一個量子井結構之約2到10次重覆。 本I明之具體實施例進一步提供一 III族氮化物型半導體 裝置’其包含一氮化鎵型超晶格,其具有至少兩個週期的 父替層 InxGaNXN 及 InYGawN,其中 0SX<1及 0SY<1 ’而X不等於γ。 在本發明進一步具體實施例中,該氮化鎵型超晶格包含 、、勺5到約50的週期。舉例而言,該氮化鎵型超晶格可包含25 週期。類似地,該氮化鎵型超晶格可包含1〇週期。 在本發明額外具體實施例中,該氮化鎵型超晶格包含由 約5到約50的週期。該InxGai xN與inYGai_YN之交替層之結 合的厚度可由約1〇到約14〇 A。 在本發明之特定具體實施例中,對於該超晶格的InxGa^xN 之$層,X=:0。在這種具體實施例中,該InGaN層之厚度由 約5到約40 A,而該GaN層之厚度可為由5到約1〇〇人。在本 發明又進一步具體實施例中,該氮化鎵型超晶格係摻雜於 一11型雜質到一程度由约klV7 cm·3到约5xl0i9 cm-3。該氮 化銥型超晶格之摻雜程度可為該交替層的疊層之實際摻雜 私度’或可為該交替層的疊層之平均摻雜程度。 在本發明某些具體實施例中,摻雜的⑴族氮化物層係提 供在相郴於该超晶格。該摻雜的ΙΠ族氮化物層係摻雜有一 η 型雜質,以提供該摻雜的m族氮化物層與該超晶格之平均 摻雜由約 lxl〇17cm·3 到約 5xl〇19cm-3。 在本發明額外的具體實施例中,該超晶格的—能帶隙為 約 3.15 eV 〇 -12· 544952 A7 B7 五、發明説明(δ ) 在本發明的具體實施例中,該III族氮化物型半導體裝置 包含一發光二極體,該發光二極體在該超晶格上包含一 ΠΙ 族氮化物型活性區域。此外,一 ΙΠ族氮化物型間隔層可提 供在該活性區域與該超晶格之間。這種間隔層可為未摻雜 的 GaN。 在本發明某些具體實施例中,該活性區域包含至少一量 子井。在這種具體實施例中,該量子井的一能帶隙可小於 該超晶格的一能帶隙。 本發明的額外具體實施例提供一種製造一 III族氮化物型 半導體裝置之方法,其具有包含至少一量子井結構之活性 區域。該量子井結構係由形成包含一 III族氮化物之一井支 撐層所製造,在該量子井支撐層上形成包含一 III族氮化物 之一量子井層,及在該量子井層上形成包含一 III族氮化物 之一覆蓋層。 在本發明的特定具體實施例中,形成包含一 III族氮化物 之一井支撐層係由在一第_一溫度下形成該井支撐層所提供 。形成一量子井層係由在低於該第一溫度之第二溫度下形 成該量子井層所提供。形成一覆蓋層係由在低於該第一溫 度之第三溫度下形成該覆蓋層所提供。在本發明某些具體 實施例中,該第三溫度實質上相同於該第二溫度。 在本發明進一步具體實施例中,該井支撐層包含一氮化 嫁型層,該量子井層包含一氮化钢嫁層,而該覆蓋層包含 一氮化鎵型層。在這種具體實施例中,該第一溫度可由約 700到約900 °C。再者,該第二溫度可由約0到約200 °C,其 -13- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐) 544952
小於該第一溫度 它氣體中。 該氮化銦鎵層可形成在一氮氣環境或其 —較佳地是,形成-井支#層與形成_覆蓋層,係由形成 一 InxGaqN的覆蓋層所提供,其中〇 $ χ〈丄,並形成一 bxGaNXN的井支撐層,其中〇<χ<1。同時,該井支撐層 與該覆蓋層的的該銦成份可小於該量子井層的一銦成份。 在本發明的額外具體實施例中,形成一井支撐層與形成一 後孤層係由形成一 AlxIiiYGanYN的覆蓋層所提供,其中〇 < X < 1,os Y < a X+Y q,並形成一 AlxInYGai χ γΝ 的 井支撐層,其中 〇<x<1,〇SY<1&x+Y2i。 本發明的進一步具體實施例包含形成一超晶格,其中該 井支撐層係在該超晶格上。本發明的額外具體實施例包含 σ亥井支撐層與戎超晶格之間形成一 111族氮化物型間隔層。 該間隔層可為未摻雜的GaN。本發明的額外具體實施例包 含在該覆蓋層上形成包含一 ΙΠ族氮化物的一第二井支撐層 ’在該第二井支撐層上形成包含一 III族氮化物的一第二量 子井層’及在該第二量子井層上形成包含一 ΙΠ族氮化物的 一第二覆蓋層。在這種具體實施例中,該第二井支撐層可 在實質上該第一溫度下來形成,該第二量子井層在實質上 該第二溫度下來形成,其小於該第一溫度,而該第二覆蓋 層在實質上該第三溫度下來形成,其小於該第一溫度。 圖式簡單說明 本發明其它特徵將可由以下特定具體實施例之詳細說明 並配合所附圖式讀取時更為快速地瞭解,其中: -14- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) 44規格(21Q X撕公董)
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線 544952 --------- B7 五、發明説明(- 圖1所不為加入本發明之具體實施例的一 ΠΙ族氮化物發光 二極體之架構說明; 圖2所不為加入本發明進一步具體實施例的一 m族氮化物 發光二極體之架構說明;及 圖^所不為根據本發明額外具體實施例之一量子井結構與 一多重量子井結構的架構說明。 較佳具體實施例的詳細說明 現在本發明將在下述參考所附圖式來更為完整地說明, 其中顯不了本發明的較佳具體實施例。不過,本發明可以 用許夕的不同形式實施而不限於本文所述的具體實施例。 另外,化些具體貫施例之提供使得此揭示將更為透澈及完 王並將全傳達本發明的範圍給本技藝之專業人士。在 圖式中’為了清楚起見,誇大了疊層與區域的厚度。圖中 相同號碼代表相同的元件。其將可瞭解到,當一元件,像 是一豎層,區域或基板,被稱之為「在」其它元件「之上 」,其ίτ、直接位於或直接延伸於其它元件之上,或亦可存 在一中間元件。相反地,當一元件係稱之為「直接在於」 或延伸「直接到」其它元件,其中不存在中間元件。再者 ,此處所描述及說明的每個具體實施例亦包含其互補的導 電形式之具體實施例。 本發明的具體實施例將參考圖丨來說明,其顯示一發光二 極體(LED)結構40。圖1的LED結構40包含一基板10,其較 佳地是為4H或6H η型碳化矽。基板〗〇亦可包含藍寶石、大 量氮化鎵、或其它適當的基板。同時包含在圖1之1^]3結構 -15- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公爱) -- 544952 A7 B7 五、發明説明(11 ) 40者為一疊層的半導體結構,其包含在基板1〇上的氮化鎵 型半導體層。意即,所示的該LED結構40包含以下的疊層 ••一導電緩衝層11,一第一摻雜矽的GaN層12,一第二摻 雜矽的GaN層14,一超晶格結構1 6,其包含交替層的摻雜 矽的GaN及/或InGaN,一活性區域18,其可由一多重量子 井結構所提供,及一未推雜的GaN及/或AlGaN層22,一 AlGaN層30摻雜一 p型雜質,及一GaN接觸層32,其亦摻雜 一 P型雜質。該結構進一步包含一 η型歐姆接點23在該基板 10上’及一 ρ型歐姆接點24在該接觸層32上。 緩衝層11較佳地是一η型AlGaN。在碳化矽與III族氮化物 材料之間緩衝層的範例係提供於美國專利編號5,393,993及 5,523,589,及美國專利申請案號〇9/154,363,其名為「垂直 幾何 InGaN 發光二極體(Vertical Geometry InGaN Light Emitting Diode)」,其授權給本發明之受讓人,其内容在此 完整引兩做為參考。類似地,本發明具體實施例亦可包含有 結構,例如那些揭示於美國專利編號6,201,262,名為「在碳 化矽基板上具有導電缓衝層插入結構之III族氮化物光子裝置 (Group III Nitride Photonic Devices on Silicon Carbide Substrates With Conductive Buffer Interlay Structure)」,該 揭示在此完整引用做為參考。
GaN層12較佳地是在約500及4000 nm厚之間,包含4000 nm ’其最佳地是約15〇〇 nm厚。GaN層12可摻雜矽在約 5xl017到5χΐ〇ΐ8 cm-3的程度。GaN層14較佳地是在約10及 500人厚之間,包含500 A,且最佳地是約80 A厚。GaN層 -16 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榡準(CNS) A4規格(21〇><297公爱) 544952 五、發明説明(12 14可摻雜矽在小於約5xl〇19 cm-3的程度。 如圖1所示,根據本發明具體實施例之超晶格結構16包含 InxGai_xN及Ιηγ%·γΝ的交替層,其中之間,包含} 裝 ,而X不等於Y。較佳地是,X=0,而每個該InGaN之交替層 之厚度約為5到40人厚,包含40人,而每個該⑽交替層之 厚度、、勺為5到100 A厚,包含1〇〇 A。在某些具體實施例中, 該GaN層約為30 A厚,而該InGaN層約為15 A厚。該超晶袼 結構16可包含由約5到約5〇週期(其中一週期等於每個包含 該超晶格的該InxGai_xN及InYGai-YN4層之一次重覆)。在 一具體實施例中,該超晶格結構16包含25週期。在另一具 體實施例中,該超晶袼結構16包含1〇週期。但是該週期的 數目可由例如增加該個別疊層的厚度來降低。因此,舉例 而吕,加倍該疊層的厚度可用於減半該週期數目。另外, 该週期的數目及厚度可彼此不相關。 線 較佳地是,該超晶格16摻雜一 n型雜質,像是矽,其程度 由、力1x10 cm到约5xl〇19 cm·3。這樣的摻雜程度可為實際 的#雜’或該超晶格16之疊層的平均轉#。如果這樣的摻 ,程度為—平均摻雜程度,則其較佳地是提供相鄰於該超 晶格結構16之摻雜的疊層,其提供所想要的平均摻雜,其 中該相鄰疊層的摻雜係對於該相鄰疊層與該超晶袼結構Μ 來平均。藉由在基板10與活性區域18之間提、供該超晶格16 一較佳的表面可提供來成長inGaN型活性區域18。當不想 要又限於任何運作理論時,本發明人相信在該超晶格結構 16中的應變效應提供一成長表面,其係傳導於一高品質含 -17-
544952 A7 B7 r 發明説明(13 ) 有InGaN之活性區域的成長。再者,該超晶格已知會影響該 裝置的運作電壓。適當的選擇超晶格厚度及組成參數可以 降低運作電壓,並增加光學效率。 該超晶格結構16可成長在一氮氣或其它氣體的環境中, 其促成該結構中較高品質的InGaN層的成長。藉由在一氮氣 環境中成長一摻雜矽的InGaN/GaN超晶格在一摻雜矽的GaN 層,可實現一具有改進的結晶性及導電性之結構,並具有 最佳化的應變。 在本發明的某些具體實施例中,該活性區域1 8可包含一 單一或多重量子井結構,以及單一或雙重異質接面活性區 域。在本發明的特定具體貫施例中’該活性區域1 8包含一 多重量子井結構,其包含由位障層所隔開的多重InGaN量子 井層(未示於圖1)。 疊層22係提供在活性區域1 8上,其較佳地在未摻雜的 GaN或AlGaN’其約在0及120人厚之間,包含120 A。如此 處所使用者,未摻雜係代表未有意地摻雜。疊層22較佳地 約為35 A厚。如果疊層22包含AlGaN,在這種疊層中的I呂 百分比較佳地約為10到30%,最佳地是約為24%。在疊層22 中的鋁程度也可以梯度來漸變,或是以連續降低的方式。 疊層22可成長在一較高的溫度,其高於在量子井區域25中 的成長溫度,藉以改進該疊層22之結晶品質。未摻雜的 GaN或AlGaN之額外疊層可包含在疊層22之附近。舉例而言 ’ LED 1可包含一額外的約6到9A厚的未摻雜AlGaN層,其 位在該活性區域1 8與該疊層22之間。 -18- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 544952
五、發明説明( 一摻雜—P型雜質之规抓層3。,例如鎂,其提供在疊層 ,22中。該八咖層3〇可在約〇到3〇〇入的厚度之間,包含 3〇〇A,而較佳地是約為⑶A厚。—p型㈣之接觸層⑵系 提供在該疊層30上,其較佳地是約為函A厚。歐姆接點 24及25係分別提供在該^⑽接觸層32及該基板⑺之上。 圖2所示為加入一多重量子井活性區域之本發明進一步具 體貫施例。圖2所示的本發明具體實施例包含一疊層的半導 、、Ό構100其包含成長在一基板10上的氮化鎵型半導體層 。如上所述,该基板10可為Sic,藍寳石或大量氮化鎵。如 圖2所示,根據本發明特定具體實施例之LED可包含一導電 緩衝層11,一第一摻雜矽的_層〗2,一第二摻雜矽的_ 層14,一超晶格結構16,其包含交替層的摻雜矽的^―及/ 或InGaN,一活性區域125,其包含一多重量子井結構,一 未摻雜的GaN或AlGaN層22,一 AlGaN層30摻雜一 p型雜質 ’及一 GaN接觸層32 ’其亦接雜一 p型雜質σ該led可進一 步包含在該基板10上的一 n型歐姆接點23,及在該接觸層32 上的一 ρ型歐姆接點24。在本發明之具體實施例中,該基板 10為藍寶石,該η型歐姆接點23將可提供在η型(3心層12及/ 或η型GaN層14之上。 如以上參考圖1所示,緩衝層丨丨較佳地是為^型AlGaN。 類似地,GaN層12較佳地是在約5〇〇及4000 nm厚之間,包 含4000 nm,其最佳地是約〗500 nm厚。GaN層12可摻雜石夕 在約5x1017到5x1018 cnT3的程度。GaN層14較佳地是在約 10及500 A厚之間,包含500 A ,且最佳地是约80 A厚。 -19- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 544952 A7
GaN層14可掺雜石夕,苴避疮, , 7其私度約小於)xl〇i9 CUT3。該超晶袼結 構16也可提供如以上參考圖丨所述。 該活性區域125包含一多重量子井結構,其包含由位障層 118所區隔的夕重InGaN量子井層⑽。該位障層包含 如Gai〇(N ’其中〇€Χ< 1。較佳地是,該位障層118的銦成 份係於該量子井層12〇的銦成份,所以該位障層Η8具有 比4里子井層120要高的一能帶隙。該位障層ιΐ8及量子井 層120可為未摻雜的(即非刻意摻雜一雜質原子,例如矽或 鎂)。但疋,其需要來以摻雜矽到該位障層1 Μ,盆
- 19 -、 又 J 在本發明進一步具體實施例中,該位障層Π8包含 AlxInYGaNX.YN,其中 〇<x<1,〇sY< αχ+γ s 卜藉 由包含铭在該位障層118的結曰曰曰巾,該㈣層ιΐ8可為晶才: 匹配於該量子井層12〇,藉此提供該量子井層12〇中改善的 結晶品質,其可增加該裝置的發光效率。 請參考圖3,所示為本發明之具體實施例中提供一氛化嫁 型裝置之多重量子井結構。圖3所示的該多重量子井結構可 提供圖1及/或圖2所示的該LED的活性區域。如圖3所示,一 活性區域225包含一週期性重覆結構221,其包含具有高結 晶品質之井支撐層218a,一量子井層22〇,及一覆蓋層21讣 ,其做為該量子井層220的一保護覆蓋層。當成長該結構 221B^r,忒覆盍層21Sb及該井支撐層2Ua共同形成相鄰量子 井220之間的該位障層。較佳地是,該高品質井支撐層η w 係成長在一較高的溫度,而高於用來成長該InGaNi子井層 -20- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
特別是如果想要紫外線放射時 於 5χ 10 9 cm 544952 A7 B7 五 、發明説明(16 ) 220。在本發明一些具體實施例中’該井支撐層2i8a係成長 在比該覆蓋層218b要低的成長速率。在其它具體實施例中' ’較低的成長速率可用⑥該較低溫度成長處理期間,而較 高的成長速率係用於該較高溫度成長處理期間。舉例而言 ,為了達到用於成長該InGaN量子井層22〇的一高品質表面 ,該井支撐層218a之成長溫度約在7〇〇及9〇〇。〇之間。然後 ,該成長室的溫度可降低到由約0到約2〇〇。〇,以允許成長 該高品質InGaN量子井層22G。錢,當該溫度保持在該較 低的InGaN成長溫度時,該覆蓋層218b即成長。依此方式, 可製造出一包含高品質InGaN層的多重量子井區域。 圖2及3之活性區域125及225較佳地成長在一氮氣環境中 ,其可提供增加的InGaN結晶品質。該位障層丨μ ,該井支 撐層218a及/或該覆蓋層218b可在約5〇至4〇〇人厚之間,包含 400 A。相對應之井支撐層218a及該覆蓋層21补之組合厚度 可由約50至400 A厚,包含400 A。較佳地是,該位障層118 ,該井支撐層218a及/或該覆蓋層218b係大於約9〇人厚,及 最佳地是在約225 A厚。同時,其較佳地是該井支撐層218a 比該覆蓋層218b要厚。因此,該覆蓋層21扑較佳地是儘可 能地薄,而仍降低該銦的去吸附,或劣化該量子井層22〇。 該量子井層120及220可在約10至50 A厚之間,包含5〇人。 較佳地是,該量子井層120及22〇係大於2〇 A厚,最佳地是 約25 A厚。在量子井層12〇及22〇中銦的厚度及百分比可以 改’艾來產生具有所要波長的光線。基本上,在量子井層 及220中的銦之百分比約為25至3〇%,但是,根據所要的波 21 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 544952
AT
長’遠鋼的百分比可由約5。/。變化到約5〇0/〇。 在本發明較佳具體實施例中,該超晶格結構丨6的能帶隙 超過泫置子井層120的該能帶隙。此可藉由調整該超晶格i 6 中的銦之平均百分比來達到。該超晶格層的厚度(或週期)及 該疊層的平均銦百分比之選擇必須使得該超晶格結構16的 能帶隙大於該量子井120的該能帶隙。藉由保持該超晶格16 的能帶隙高於該量子井120的能帶隙,該裝置中不想要的吸 收可最小化,而可最大化發光放射。該超晶格結構16的能 帶隙可由約2.95 eV到約3.35 eV。在一較佳具體實施例中, 該超晶格結構16的能帶隙約為3.15 eV。 在本發明之額外具體實施例中,圖2所示的該LED結構包 含一間隔層17,其置於該超晶格16與該活性區域ι25之間。 該間隔層17較佳地是包含未摻雜的GaN。在該摻雜的超晶 格16與活性區域丨25之間選擇性的間隔層17的存在可防止石夕 雜質進入到該活性區域125。因此其可改進該活性區域ι25 的該材料品質,並提供更為一致的裝置效能及較佳的均勻 性。類似地,一間隔層也可提供在圖1所示的該£ED結構中 ,其係在該超晶格16與該活性區域18之間。 回到圖2 ’該疊層2 2可提供在該活性區域1 2 5上,而較佳 地是未摻雜的GaN或AlGaN係在約0與120 A厚之間,包含 120 A。該疊層22較佳地是約35 A厚。如果該疊層22包含 A1G aN ’在這種豐層中的|g百分比較佳地約為1 q到3 〇0/^, 歲佳地是約為24%。在該璧層22中的紹程度也可以梯度來 漸變’或是以連續降低的方式。該疊層22可成長在一較高 -22- 544952
的溫度,其高於在活性區域125中的成長溫度,藉以改進 該疊層22之結晶品質。未摻雜的〇州或A1GaN之額外疊層 可包含在宜層22之附近。舉例而言,圖2之led可包含一 額外的約6到9 A厚的未摻雜AlGaN層,其位在該活性區域 125與該疊層22之間。 掺雜 P型雜質之A1 GaN層3 0,例如鎂,其提供在疊層 22中。該AlGaN層30可在約〇到300 A的厚度之間,包含3〇〇 A,而較佳地是約為130 a厚。一 p型GaN之接觸層32係提供 在4 $層〇 0上,其較佳地是約為18 〇 〇人厚。歐姆接點Μ及 25係分別提供在該p_GaN接觸層32及該基板1〇之上。歐姆接 點24及25係分別提供在該p-GaN接觸層32及該基板丨〇之上。 當本發明之具體實施例已使用多重量子井來說明時,由 本發明原理所帶來的好處亦可在單一量子井結構中來達到 。因此,舉例而言,一發光二極體可提供具有單一的圖3之 結構22 1,做為該裝置的該活性區域。因此,當不同數目的 量子井根據本發明之具體實施例來使用時,該量子井的數 目基本上的範圍由1到1 〇個量子井。 當本發明之具體實施例已參考氮化鎵型裝置來說明時, 本發明之原理及好處亦可提供給其它ΙΠ族氮化物。因此, 本發明的具體實施例提供ΙΠ族氮化物型超晶格結構,量子 井、、構及/或III私氮化物型發光二極體,其具有超晶格及/或 量子井。 在圖式及說明書中’其已揭示了本發明之典型的較佳具 體實施例,其雖然使用了特定的術語,其係僅做為原始及 -23-
544952 A7 B7 五 發明説明(19 ) 說明性的意義,並非做為限制的目的,本發明之範圍係揭 示於以下的申請專利範圍中。 -24-
裝 訂
本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
Claims (1)
- 544952 A8 B8 C8 D8 _______ 、申請專利祀圍 1. 一種III族氮化物型之發光二極體,其包含: 一III族氮化物型超晶格;及 在包含至少一量子井結構之超晶格上之一 ΙΠ族氮化物 型活性區域,其包含: 一第一 III族氮化物型位障層; 在該第一位障層上之一 III族氮化物型量子井層;及 在該III族氮化物型量子井層上之一第二III族氮化物 型位障層。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之發光二極體,其中該至少一量子 井結構包含重覆該至少一量子井結構約2到約10次。 5.如申請專利範圍第1項之發光二極體,其中該超晶格包 含: 一氮化鎵型超晶格,其具有至少兩逍期的InxGal xN及 111丫0&1_丫1^之交替層,其中〇幺又<1及〇幺丫<1,而乂不 等於Y ; 其中該第一 III族氮化物型位障層包含一含有一 ΠΙ族气 化物之井支撐層;及 其中ό玄第一 in族氮化物型位障層包含在該量子井層上 包含一 III族氮化物之覆蓋層。 ..如申請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體’其中該覆蓋層之結 晶品質係低於該井支樓層。 5 士申叫專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,其中該井支樓層包 3氮化鎵型層,該量子井層包含一氮化銦鎵層,而該 位障層包含一氮化鎵型層。 -25- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) Α4規格(210X297公釐) 5449526. 如申請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,其中該井支撐層及 該覆蓋層包含一 IiixGauN之疊層,其中0<X<1。 7. 如申請專利範圍第6項之發光二極體,其中該井支撐層及 «玄覆^二層之一銦成份小於該量子井層之一銦成份。 8. 如申請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,其中該井支撐層及 该覆盖層包含一 AlxInYGa卜X_YN之疊層,其中0<X<1, 〇 s y < 1及 χ+γ < 1。 9. 如申請專利範圍第8項之發光二極體,其中χ $ γ+,〇5。 10·如申請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,其中該井支撐層及 該覆蓋層係未摻雜。 11. 如申請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,其中該井支撐層與 該覆蓋層之摻雜程度小於約5xl019 cm-3。 12. 如申請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,其中該覆蓋層與該 井支樓層之能帶隙高於該量子井層。 13. 如申請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,其中該井支撐層與 該覆蓋層之組合的厚度係由約5〇到約40〇a。 14·如申請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,其中該井支撐層之 厚度係大於該覆蓋層之厚度。 1:>.如申請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,其中該量子井層之 厚度由約10到約50人。 16. 如申請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,其中該量子井層之 厚度約為25A。 17. 如申請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,其中在該量子井層 中銦之百分比由約5%到約50%。 -26- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)裝 玎18. 如申睛專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,進一步在該井支撐 層與該超晶格之間包含一 III族氮化物型間隔層。 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 如申請專利範圍第18項之發光二極體,其中該間隔層包 含未摻雜之GaN。 如申請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,其中該至少一量子 井之能帶隙係小於該超晶格之能帶隙。 如申請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,進一步包含·· 在該覆蓋層上包含一 III族氮化物之一第二井支撐層; 在該第二井支撐層上包含一 ΙΠ族氮化物之一第二量子 井層;及 在该第二量子井層上包含一 III族氮化物之一第二覆蓋 層。 如申請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,其中該氮化鎵型超 晶格包含由約5到約50週期。 如申請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,其中該交替層的 InxGa卜XN 及 InYGa[_YN之 InxGai_xN及 InYGa[_YN之疊層具 有之組合厚度小於約7〇 A。 如申請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,其中χ二〇。 如申請專利範圍第24項之發光二極體,其中該交替層的 InxGaNXN及InYGaUYN之InGaN層之厚度由約5到約40 A,而该父替層InxGa卜以及InYGa卜之GaN層之厚度由 約5到約ιοοΑ。 如申請專利範圍第24項之發光二極體’其中該交替層的 InxGa^xN及InYGaUYN2InGaN層之厚度约為15A,而該 -27- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 544952 申清專利範園 交替層InxGai-xNwnYGai yI^GaN層之厚度約為观。 申請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,其中該氮化録 E3CJ >4^1 44a ^A. 一》 到約 晶格係摻雜一n型雜質,其程度由約ΐχ】〇ΐ7\ 5xl〇19 cnT3 。 π如申請專利範圍第27項之發光二極體,其中該氮化嫁型 ,晶格之摻雜程度為該交替層之疊層之一實際摻雜程 度。 29.如申請專利範圍第27項之發光二極體,其中該摻雜程度 為該交替層的疊層之平均摻雜程度。 19 3〇.如^請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,進一步包含相鄰於 忒超晶袼之摻雜之ΠΙ族氮化物層,而其中該摻雜之⑴族 氮化物層係摻雜一 η型雜質,以提供該摻雜的ιπ族氮化 物層及該超晶格之平均摻雜由約1χ1〇η 到約 cm 請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,其中該超晶格之一 能帶隙係由約2.95 eV到約3.35 eV。 32. 如申請專利範圍第3項之發光二極體,其中該超晶格之一 能帶隙約為3.15 eV。 33. —種具有一活性區域之⑴族氮化物型半導體裝置,其包 含至少一量子井結構,該量子井結構包含·· 包含一 ΙΠ族氮化物之一井支稽層; 在該井支撐層上包含一III族氮化物之一量子井層;及 在該量子井層上包含一ΠΙ族氮化物之__蓋層。 J4·如申請專利範圍第33項之III族氮化物^,其中該覆 -28- 2 5 9 44 5 A B c D 圍範 *HMV 專請 中 蓋層之結晶品質係低於該井支撐層。 35. 如申請專利範圍第33項之m族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該井支撐層包含一氮化蘇型疊層,該量子井層包表一 氮化麵鎵層,而該位障層包含一氮化錁型層。 36. 如申請專利範圍第35項之m族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中4井支#層及該覆蓋層包含一 InxGaiXN之疊居,立 〇 < X < 1。 ’、 •如申請專利範圍第36項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,里 中该井支撐層及該覆蓋層之一銦成份小於該量子井層之 一銦成份。 裝 38. 如申請專利範圍第”項之⑴族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該井支撐層及該覆蓋層包含一 AlxInYGaixyN之疊層了 其中 〇<X<l,〇SY< 1及乂+¥ < 1。 訂 39. 如申請專利範圍第38項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中 X S Y+.05。 、 4〇·如申請專利範圍第35項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該井支撐層及該覆蓋層係未摻雜。 41. 如申請專利範圍第35項之ΠΙ族氮化物型半導體裝置,其中 該井支撐層與該覆蓋層之摻雜程度小於約5χ1〇!9 cm-3。 42. 如申請專利範圍第33項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該覆蓋層與該井支撐層之能帶隙高於該量子井層。 43. 如申請專利範圍第35項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中°玄井支撐層與該覆蓋層之組合之厚度係由約50到約 400A。 -29- 544952 A8 B8 C8 申請專利範圍 • T #于利範圍第35項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中σ亥井支撐層與該覆蓋層之組合之厚度係大於約90人。 4)·如申請專利範圍第35項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中该井支撐層與該覆蓋層之組合之厚度係約為225 Α。 46.如申请專利範圍第35項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該井支撐層之厚度係大於該覆蓋層之厚度。 47·如申请專利範圍第35項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該量子井層之厚度由约10到约50 A。 48’如申凊專利範圍第35項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該量子井層之厚度約為25 A。 49.如申請專利範圍第35項之m族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該量子井層中銦之百分比由約5%到約50%。 )〇·如申請專利範圍第35項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,進 一步包含一超晶格,且其中該井支撐層係在該超晶格 上。 5 1.如申請專利範圍第5〇項之⑴族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該超晶格之能帶隙由約2.95到約3.35 eV。 52.如申請專利範圍第5〇項之m族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中或超晶格之能帶隙约在3.15 e V。 5 3.如申請專利範圍第50項之川族氮化物型半導體裝置,進 一步包含一 III族氮化物型間隔層在該井支撐層與該超晶 格之間。 54.如申請專利範圍第53項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該間隔層包含未摻雜之GaN。 -30- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) Α4規格(210X297公釐)裝 D8 夂、申請專利範圍 )5.如申請專利範圍第50項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該至少一量子井之能帶隙係低於該超晶格之能帶隙。 56·如申請專利範圍第33項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,進 一步包含: 在该覆盍層上包含一 III族氮化物之一第二井支撐層; 在該第二井支撐層上包含一 ΙΠ族氮化物之一第二量子 井層;及 在該第二量子井層上包含一 ΠΙ族氮化物之一第二覆蓋 層。 5 7·如申請專利範圍第33項之】】】族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 具有重覆該至少一量子井結構約2到約1〇個。 5 8. —種III族氮化物型半導體裝置,其包含: 一氮化鎵型超晶格,其具有至少兩個週期的InxGai χΝ 及ItiyGai-yN之交替層,其中〇£χ< i,而χ 不等於Y。 59·如申請專利範圍第58項之m族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該氮化鎵型超晶格包含由約5到約5 〇週期。 60. 如申請專利範圍第58項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該氮化鎵型超晶格包含25週期。 61. 如申請專利範圍第58項之m族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中5玄氣化叙型超晶格包含1〇週期。 62. 如申請專利範圍第58項之Π][族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該交替層的InxGai_xN及I_Gai_YN之InxGai xN及 IiiyGa^YNi的疊層具有之組合厚度小於約7〇人。 -31 - 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 544952 A8 B8 C8 ---- —_ D8 六、申請專利範^ ----- 61如申凊專利範圍第58項之川族氮化物型半導體穿 豆 中x = o。 、 ^ 64. 如申請專利範圍第63項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中°玄又替層的InxGai-xN及InYGai_YN之InGaN層之厚度由 、勺3到、力40人,而該交替層的inxGai-XN及IiiYGauN之 GaN層之厚度由約5到約10〇A。 65. 如申請專利範圍第63項之m族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中该父替層的InxGai-xN& InYGai_YN之InGaN層之厚度约 為15A,而該交替層的如叫…及如% ^之〇⑽層之 厚度约為3 ο Α。 66·如申凊專利範圍第58項之m族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該氮化鎵型超晶格係摻雜一 η型雜質, 到約5xl〇i9cm-3。 又由力 67. 如申請專利範圍第66項之⑴族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該II化鎵型超晶格之摻雜程度為該交替層的疊層之實 際衫雜程度。 ' 68. 如申請專利範圍第66項之m族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該摻雜程度係該交替層的疊層之平均摻雜程度。 69. 如申請專利範圍第58項之m族氮化物型半導^裝置,進 一步包含相鄰於該超晶格之摻雜之m族氮化物層,且其 中該摻雜之III族氮化物係摻雜一 n型雜質,以提供該摻 雜之ΠΙ族氮化物層及該超晶格之平均摻雜由約ki〇】7 cm·3到約 5xl019 cm·3。 70. 如申請專利範圍第58項之m族氮化物型半導體裝置’其 •32- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公爱) 8 8 8 8 A B c D 544952 六、申請專利範圍 中該超晶格之能帶隙約為3.15 eV。 71. 如申請專利範圍第58項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該超晶格之能帶隙係由約2.95到約3.15 eV。 72. 如申請專利範圍第58項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該半導體裝置包含一發光二極體,該發光二極體進一 步包含在該超晶格上之一 III族氮化物型活性區域。 73. 如申請專利範圍第72項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,進 一步包含一 III族氮化物型間隔層在該活性區域與該超晶 格之間。 74. 如申請專利範圍第73項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該間隔層包含未摻雜之GaN。 75. 如申請專利範圍第72項之ΙΠ族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該活性區域包含至少一量子井。 76. 如申請專利範圍第75項之III族氮化物型半導體裝置,其 中該至少一量子井之能帶隙係低於該超晶格的能帶隙。 77. —種氮化鎵型發光二極體,其包含: 一氮化鎵型超晶格,其具有至少兩個週期的InxGa^xN 及InYGa卜YN之交替層,其中0SX<1及0SY<1,而X 不等於Y ;及 在該氮化鎵型超晶格上之一氮化鎵型活性區域。 78如申請專利範圍第77項之氮化鎵型發光二極體,其中該 氮化鎵型活性區域之能帶隙係低於該超晶格之能帶隙。 79. —種製造具有包含A多一量子井結構之活性區域之III族 氮化物型半導體裝置,其包含: -33- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐)M4952形成包含一 III族氮化物之一井支撐層; 在该1子井支層卜r4"、I A /成包含一 III族氮化物之一量子 井層;及 80 ^ 子井層上形成包含—ΙΠ族氮化物之-覆蓋層。 "請專利範圍第79項之方法,其中該形成包含-则 鼠化物之一井支撐層之步驟 井支樓層; A包含在-第-溫度下形成該 其中该形成一^量子井居夕此前^ 夕—-、 开θ之步驟包含在低於該第一溫度 之第一溫度下形成該量子井層;及 其中該形成一覆蓋層之步职 资一、 /知包含在低於該第一溫度之 第二溫度下形成該覆蓋層。 8 1.如申請專利範圍第8〇項 μ , 貝之方去,其中該第三溫度係實質 上相同於該第二溫度。 、、 82. 如申請專利範圍第8 方去,其中該井支撐層包含一 氮化鎵型層,該量子井層句人产 匕3一氮化銦鎵層,而該覆蓋 層包含一氮化鎵型層。 83. 如申請專利範圍第82項之方法 700到約 900 °C。 84. 如申請專利範圍第82項之方法 到約200 〇C而小於該第一溫度。 85. 如申請專利範圍第82項之方法 該第一溫度。 86·如申請專利範圍第82項之方法 成在一氮氣環境中。 -34- 本纸張尺度適财0 ®家標準(CNS) A鐵格(210X297^i7 裝 訂 其中該第一溫度係由約 其中該第二溫度係由約〇 其中该第二溫度係低於 其中該氮化銦鎵層係形 544952六、申請專利範圍 明寻利範圍第82項之方法,具肀該形成一井支撐 成一覆盍層.之步驟包含形成一 之覆罢 層,其中〇 s X < 1 ,並形成一 InxGa】_xN之疊層,1 〇公X < 1。 〜7 88· ^申凊專利範圍第87項之方法,其中該井支撐層及該覆 盍層之一銦成份小於該量子井層之一銦成份。 89.:申請專利範圍第82項之方法,其中該形成-井支稽層 與形成一覆蓋層之步驟包含形成一 AlxinYGai ·χγΝ之覆蓋 層,其中〇<X<1,〇SY<l及X+Y s 1,並形成一 AlxInYGa〖|YN之井支撐層,其中〇<x<1,〇SY<i& X + Y S 1。 9〇·如申請專利範圍第89項之方法,其中xs γ+ 〇5。 91. 如申請專利範圍第82項之方法,其中該井支撐層與 蓋層係未摻雜。 92. ::申请專利範圍第82項之方法,其中該井支撐層與該覆 盖層之摻雜程度小於約5xl〇i9 cm·3。 如中凊專利範圍第79項之方法,其中該覆蓋層與該井支 撐層之能帶隙高於該量子井層。 94· ^申σ月專利乾圍第82項之方法,其中該井支撐層與該覆 盖層之組合之厚度係由約50到約4〇〇人。 %如申請專利範圍第82項之方法,其中該井支撐層之厚度 大於該覆蓋層之厚度。 96.如申請專利範圍第82項之方法,其中該量子井層之厚度 由約10到約50 Α。 35- 544952 A BCD申請專利範圍 .如申請專利範圍第82項之方法,其中在該量子井層中鋼 之百分比係由約5%到約50%。 98·如申請專利範第82項之方法,進一步包含該形成一超 晶格之步驟,其中該井支撐層係在該超晶格上。 " %如申請專利範圍第98項之方法,進一步包含在該井支擇 層與該超晶格之間形成一Ιη族氮化物型間隔層之步驟。 100.如申請專利範圍第99項之方法,纟中該間隔層包含未摻 雜之GaN。 7 101·如申請專利範圍第98項之方法,其中該量子井層之能帶 隙4'τ、低於该超晶格之能帶隙。 102·如申請專利範圍第79項之方法,進一步包含·· 在該覆蓋層上形成包含一m族氮化物之一第二井支撐 層; 在該第二井支撐層上形成包含一 III族氮化物之一第二 量子井層;及 在該第二量子井層上形成包含一 ΠΙ族氮化物之一第二 .覆蓋層。 ⑻.如:請專利範圍第102項之方法,其中該形成包含—ΠΙ 私氮化物之一第一井支撐層之步驟包含在實質上第一溫 度下形成該第二井支撐層; 其中該形成一第二量子井層之步驟包含在低於該第_ 溫度之實質上第二溫度下形成該第二量子井層;及 其^亥形成-第二覆蓋層之步驟包含在低於該第一溫 度之貫質上第三溫度下形成該第二 -36 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公复) 544952 8 8 8 8 A B c D 六、申請專利範圍 1 04.如申請專利範圍第1 03項之方法,其中該第三溫度係實質 上相同於該第二溫度。 105.如申請專利範圍第80項之方法,進一步包含形成重覆該 至少一量子井結構約2到約10次。 -37- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐)
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EP (4) | EP2237334B1 (zh) |
JP (5) | JP2005507155A (zh) |
KR (4) | KR101066760B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100350637C (zh) |
AT (2) | ATE428189T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2002257318A1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2441310A1 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE60231877D1 (zh) |
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