JPH11309124A - 針入深さを検知するためのセンサ付きシャフトによる針入度試験の装置および方法 - Google Patents
針入深さを検知するためのセンサ付きシャフトによる針入度試験の装置および方法Info
- Publication number
- JPH11309124A JPH11309124A JP11082487A JP8248799A JPH11309124A JP H11309124 A JPH11309124 A JP H11309124A JP 11082487 A JP11082487 A JP 11082487A JP 8248799 A JP8248799 A JP 8248799A JP H11309124 A JPH11309124 A JP H11309124A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- impedance
- needle
- penetration
- depth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 23
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 13
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 13
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010241 blood sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000981 epithelium Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010072170 Skin wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical group [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000577 adipose tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012503 blood component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000451 tissue damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000827 tissue damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A61B5/15117—Driving means for propelling the piercing element to pierce the skin, e.g. comprising mechanisms based on shape memory alloys, magnetism, solenoids, piezoelectric effect, biased elements, resilient elements, vacuum or compressed fluids comprising biased elements, resilient elements or a spring, e.g. a helical spring, leaf spring, or elastic strap
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- A61B5/15125—Driving means for propelling the piercing element to pierce the skin, e.g. comprising mechanisms based on shape memory alloys, magnetism, solenoids, piezoelectric effect, biased elements, resilient elements, vacuum or compressed fluids comprising a vacuum or compressed fluids
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Abstract
物をある物体に挿入する際、その浸入(針入)深さを適
正なものにすること。 【解決手段】 物体表面の下の深さによって変化するイ
ンピーダンスを有する前記物体中への針入用シャフト1
02を備えた装置において、針入先端103を有するシ
ャフト本体と、前記先端103に近接した第1および第
2の電導性端末とから成り、電導性端末の間の物体の材
料のインピーダンス変化を検知して針入深さについての
情報をもたらすようにしたシャフト102を含んで成る
装置。
Description
物体の針入技術に関し、より詳細には、皮下注射針の針
入深さを測定するための装置と方法に関する。
構造物をある物体に挿入する際、しばしば、その浸入
(針入)がどれほど深いかを知る必要がある。
必要な深さを越えて針入することは、努力の空費となる
ばかりか、患者を過度に苦しめることになる。それ以上
の針入が物体に不必要な損傷を生じかねず且つ予定の針
入深さに到達したら針入を停止させるのが望ましい故、
深さの情報は、しばしば、短時間で必要となる。例え
ば、血液成分の分析と定量化は、患者の身体の状態をよ
りよく理解するための重要な診断ツールであり、しかも
血液試料は、針又はランセット(刃針)によって傷を負
わせて採取しなければならない。必要以上の深さに針又
はランセットを挿入すれば、皮膚組織に過度の痛みと外
傷を生ずる。頻繁に採血しなければならない糖尿病患者
のような患者の場合、過度の痛みと組織の外傷はどれ
も、採血日課に応じる意欲をくじくものである。
っている。動脈および静脈の導管床(vascular
beds)に接続された毛管構造は、垂直に立ち上が
って、真皮に配置する。Meissnerの小体(co
rpuscles)のような神経センサおよび神経の自
由端末も真皮にある。皮下組織の層は、真皮の下にあ
る。補給動脈および静脈の毛管は、その組織床の横にあ
る。導管床内で混ぜ合わされたそれらの関連センサと共
に、求心性と遠心性の神経線維が差し込まれた脂肪質組
織もある。これらの組織層の深さは、個体によって異な
る。現在市販されている皮膚穿刺用の針又はランセット
は、ランセット穿刺操作の実験データに基づいて針入深
さを予め設定している。従って、上述の針又はランセッ
トが使われる時は何時でも最適の針入深さに達するとい
う確証はない。不十分な深さに起因した採血の失敗を避
けるため、患者は、しばしば、過度針入され、このこと
が不必要な痛みを生ずるのである。
最適深さまでの挿入に使用できるところの採血用針又は
ランセットである。同様に、過不足の針入をせずに物体
中に長いシャフトを挿入するその他の針入用途において
も必要性は存在するのである。
体中への細長い構造体の針入の深さは、細長い構造体が
針入された材料のインピーダンスをその細長い構造体の
先端で検知するところのインピーダンスセンサで測定さ
れる。
面の下の深さに応じて変化するインピーダンスを示すと
ころの物体中への針入用シャフトを有する装置を提供す
る。当該装置は、針入用先端とその先端近くに2つの電
導性端末を有するシャフト本体を含むシャフトを包含す
る。2つの電導性端末は先端近くにあって、その電導性
端末間で検知される物体の材料のインピーダンスの変化
により、所望の針入深さが到達されたかどうかについて
の情報が提供されるようにしたものである。
に比してより深い皮膚組織層の間の電気的インピーダン
スを利用している故、本発明は、特に、皮膚に穴を開け
て患者から血液を採取することに適用できる。インピー
ダンスは、例えば、皮膚組織の層を刺し通す金属性針に
よってモニタすることができる。針が、最初に、皮膚の
外部上皮と真皮中に針入する時は、初期の高インピーダ
ンスが見られる。その針が脂肪層へ近付くにつれ、イン
ピーダンスの逓減が観測される。
えば、針入深さによって変化する電気的インピーダンス
を示す物体中への最適針入を達成することができる。針
を皮膚に挿入して患者から血液を採取する場合では、こ
のことは、過剰針入の外傷と痛みを最小にできるだけで
はなく、不十分な針入のために失敗に終わる血液採取の
フラストレーションと痛みを避けることができるのであ
る。不快および組織損傷についての前述の減少によっ
て、例えば、採血日課に対する患者の応諾を著しく好転
させることができる。
ャフトを身体中に挿入する時の針入深さを検知するため
の技術を提供するものである。本明細書で用いられる
時、用語”シャフト”は、対象物に針入する先端を持っ
た一般的には細長い本体を有する物体を指す。用途によ
っては、シャフト本体は、固いか又は幾分柔軟性があっ
てもよい。好ましくは、その先端は、針入を容易にする
ため比較的尖った尖端か又は斜角をつけた刃を有する。
その尖端は、予め存在している孔に通さなくてもシャフ
トを身体中に押し付けることができるよう十分尖ってい
る。シャフト本体は、円形もしくは非円形の断面(例え
ば、矩形断面)をもっているものでよい。一例として、
皮下挿入に適する針大のシャフトを以下の実施例で説明
する。理解すべきは、非医療用シャフトを含む、その他
の非皮下用シャフトも本願発明に従って作製且つ使用す
ることができるということである。
装置の実施例である。図1において、装置100は、シ
ャフト102の先端103の周りに組織のインピーダン
スを検知するための電導性端末部をもつシャフト102
(例えば、針又はランセット)を包含する。その端末部
に電気的に接続された(インピーダンスを検知する電気
回路を含む)インピーダンスセンサ104によって電気
的インピーダンスが検知される。例えば、材料又は回路
における2点間の電気的インピーダンスを検知する電気
機器類および回路類は、当分野で周知である。電気制御
式ドライバ106は、針入の”基板”(substra
te)と呼ぶことができるところの、患者の皮膚および
その下の組織に針入できるようシャフト102を駆動す
る。ドライバ106は、プロセッサ108によって制御
され、そのプロセッサは、インピーダンスセンサ104
が所望の針入が到達され終わったことを示すインピーダ
ンス変化を検知するとドライバを停止させる。
例えば、装置100のシャフト102として使用できる
皮下用針110の一部分の実施例を示す。図2は、皮下
針110の軸に沿った断面図であり、図3は、皮下針1
10の断面である。皮下針110は、組織中へ針入でき
るよう遠位の方の端部115に尖端114を有する堅い
シャフト本体112を含む。シャフト本体112は、堅
い、非電導性の(例えば、ポリイミドのような、高分子
の)管116を有し、その管116の軸の所は中央内穴
118(central lumen)となっている。
管116の近似軸に配置された電導性(例えば、金属タ
ングステン)導線120は、尖端114から基部の方に
伸びている。タングステン線120は、遠位の方の端部
115に近接した電導性末端123を有する。本明細書
に用いられる時、用語”遠位の方の”(distal)
は、針が物体に針入しようとしている時の物体(例え
ば、患者の皮膚)に向かう方向を指示し、用語”基部の
方の”(proximal)は、”遠位の方の”それの
逆方向、従って、物体から遠ざかる方向に該当する。電
導性コーティング122(例えば、クロム/金めっきコ
ーティング)が非電導性導管116の外表面に付けら
れ、尖端114が電導性端部125となっている。好ま
しくは、銀エポキシのような、電導性の接着剤124
(図2参照)を用いて、電導性導線120の遠位の方の
端部を皮下針110の遠位の方の端部115に接着す
る。
ことがある流体を捕集できるようチャンバー即ち容器を
内穴118に接続してもよい。このチャンバー即ち容器
は、非電導性バッグ、注入器、内穴に接続されたその他
の導管、およびその類であってよい。
管を電気めっきして、電導性コーティングをそのポリイ
ミド管上に付け、そして、例えば、タングステン線をそ
のポリイミド管に挿入し且つその線の端末を皮下針の遠
位の方の端部に銀エポキシを使って貼り付けることによ
って作製することができる。この遠位の方の端部は、電
導性材料が全て配置された後で尖らしてよい。電導線1
20の基部の方の端部と電導性コーティング122の基
部の方の端部は、皮下針110の針入深さを検知するた
めの、装置100、又はその他の類似機器のインピーダ
ンスセンサに接続することができる。電導性コーティン
グを作るのに適したその他の材料には、例えば、銀、ニ
ッケル、白金、チタン、およびタングステンがある。電
導線を作るのに適した材料としては、例えば、銀、ニッ
ケル、白金、チタン、金、アルミニウム、およびタング
ステンがある。
の非電導性針126の内穴127を電導性材料130で
充填し且つ非電導性針上を金属コーティング132で被
覆することにより、一体構造の(solid)針組立1
26を作ることができる。得られる細長い構造体を修正
して尖った先端を作り出すことができる。あるいは、非
伝導性材料を堅い金属線上に被覆して、その後、電導性
金属の外被覆を非伝導性材料で被覆して一体構造の針を
形成してもよい。そのような針は、シャフト断面を示し
ているところの、図4に示されたそれと類似の構造を有
することになろう。
に、遠位の方の端部に通じる導体を有する針を、付加剛
性を付与する材料で更に被覆してよい。金属類又は合金
類のような、多くの堅い材料が当分野で周知である。前
述の付加剛性を付与するのに適した材料例は、窒化チタ
ンである。
示す。図5の皮下針134では、内穴138をもった内
側電導管136は、軸から更に離れている電導性コーテ
ィング142から内側電導管136を電気的に絶縁する
非電導性材料140のコーティングが施されている。こ
の皮下針134は、例えば、鉄針を非電導性材料で被覆
し、次いで、その非伝導性材料の上に金属コーティング
を溶射(スパッタリング)し、その後、電気めっきして
外側電導性コーティング142を形成することによって
作ることができる。
更に別の実施例を示すもので、この場合、患者の皮膚中
への挿入に適したシャフトは、シャフト先端を囲んでい
る組織のインピーダンスを検知するための導体を含んで
いる。シャフト144は、矩形断面をもち(図7の正面
図参照)、中央部分146は、2つの導体148A,1
48Bの間にサンドイッチ状に挟まれたシャフト144
に沿って長手方向に伸びる堅い非伝導性材料から作られ
ている。その中央部分は、皮膚に切り込めるよう尖った
エッジ150に至る尖った先端148を有している。皮
膚の創傷を切るためのランセットとして前述のシャフト
を用いて、血液を採取することができる。
トを駆動するのに多様なドライバを用いることができ
る。当該ドライバは、所望の深さが達成された時にその
ドライバを、好ましくは、自動的に、停止できるように
電気的に制御できるものである。この方法で、最小量の
痛みと外傷サイズを課すだけで患者から血液を引き出す
操作のような、最小の針入を使って所望の結果が達成さ
れるように針入深さを最適化することができる。ドライ
バに使える機構の例としては、気送式(pnemati
c)、電磁式(electromechanica
l)、および圧電式(piezoelectric)機
構がある。
続的に駆動するためのドライバを備えた装置を示す。図
8の実施例では、シャフト150は、ねじ付きロッド1
56と噛み合うところの、スリーブ154に固定的に連
結されたベース152に貼り付けられる。スリーブ15
4のねじは、ねじ付きロッド156の回転によってねじ
付きロッド156の軸方向に沿ってスリーブ154が動
かされるように、ねじ付きロッド156と噛み合わされ
る。それ故、ねじ付きロッド156のある方向の回転
(例えば、時計方向の回転)を御するモータ158は、
シャフト150の遠位方向における前進運動を制御す
る。モータ158を停止すれば、シャフト150の前方
への前進が止まる。モータ158を被針入対象物に対し
て固定位置に保持し且つそのモータを制御することによ
り、シャフト150の針入深さが制御されるのである。
更に、間欠的に、順次に前進するようにモータ158を
駆動することもできる。望まれるなら、シャフト150
を前進および後退させるために前方および後方の両運動
を与えるべく、2方向に回転するようモータ158を操
作してもよい。
駆動できる別の実施例を図解したものである。この実施
例では、シャフト150(例えば、針)がベース160
に貼り付けられる。ベース160(および従ってシャフ
ト150)は、ベース160と側面で噛み合っているロ
ーター162Aによって前方方向、即ち、遠位方向に動
くよう駆動され、その結果、ローター162Aを回転さ
せることで、ベース160とシャフト150を遠位方向
に移動させることになる。そのローター162Aは、モ
ータ164で駆動される。別のローター162Bは、ロ
ーター162Aのそれの反対側で支持するようにベース
160と噛み合っている。ローター162A又はロータ
ー162Bの何れかは、アイドラ(空転)ローターであ
ってよい。ローター162Aとローター162Bは、ギ
ヤによって又は摩擦力でベース160と噛み合っていて
よい。
に往復動作を利用した、本願発明のシャフト−針入装置
の実施例を示す。シャフト150は、連接アーム168
A,168Bで起動されるリンク166に付ける。連接
アーム168Aおよび168Bは、相互に枢軸で旋回で
きるように(pivotably)接続される。連接ア
ーム168Bは、ローター170の中心から外れた位置
に枢軸で旋回できるように接続され、このローターがま
た、モータ172で駆動される。このように、ローター
170の回転が、連接アーム168A,168Bの前後
往復運動となり、それがシャフト150に伝達されるの
である。加えて、シャフト150を遠位方向に前進させ
るために、システム全体を遠位方向に一様に前進させて
もよい。
使用できるばね機構の実施例を示す。ベース152に支
持されたシャフト150は、1次スプリングコイル17
6Aと2次スプリングコイル176Bとから成るところ
の、ばね機構で保持される。1次スプリングコイル17
6Aと2次スプリングコイル176Bは、それぞれ、ス
プリングコイルとベース152の一部を収容しているハ
ウジング180の出張り(ledge)178によって
1端が保持される。端末のディスク177は、スプリン
グコイル176A,176Bの基部の方の端部に配置さ
れ且つスプリングコイル176A,176Bの軸を通し
て伸びる硬質ロッドによってベース152に貼り付けら
れる。(部分的に図示された)ハンマー181を使っ
て、端末ディスク177を押し込むことができ、これが
シャフト150を前記硬質ロッドによって前方へ駆動す
る。押し込みの後、スプリング176Aおよびスプリン
グ176Bがそのシャフトを後方へ移動させることがで
きる。スプリング176A,176Bの1つはオプショ
ンであって、代替例はそれらの中の1つだけを使うこと
になる。
ャフトを駆動するための圧電式ドライバ182の1実施
例を示す。前述の実施例におけるように、シャフト15
0をベース152に貼り付け、そのベースを圧電振動子
184に取付ける。電気的に付勢されると、圧電振動子
184が振動して、ベース152とシャフト150を前
後運動で移動させる。この振動ドライバ系全体を前進さ
せることも可能である。圧電振動子の作製および使用技
術は、当分野で周知であり、本願開示に基づくシャフト
を駆動させるのに容易に適用できる。
復運動を起こさせる流体メカニズムを示す。ここでは、
シャフト150は、ピストンハウジング188における
(チャンバー187A、チャンバー187Bおよびピス
トン186で占められる容積を含む図示された)チャン
バー内で滑動可能なピストン186に付けられる。ピス
トン186に対して遠位にある遠位流体導管190によ
って流体がチャンバー187Bに入ってピストンを基部
の方へ、即ち、遠位方向とは反対の方向に、駆動させる
ことができる。同時に、好ましくは、ピストン186に
対して基部の方にある基部流体導管口192によって流
体が漏出して、チャンバー187Aに過剰な圧力を生ず
ることなくピストンの移動を助長することができる。逆
に、遠位流体導管190が流体を漏出させる一方、基部
流体導管192によって流体がチャンバー187Aに入
って、ピストンを遠位の方へ駆動することができる。多
路弁196(例えば、三路弁)に接続された共通の流体
入口導管194によって、流体を基部流体導管192に
入れたり又は遠位流体導管190に入れることができ
る。あるいは、ピストンに対して基部の方および遠位の
方のチャンバー187に流体を導く一方、同時に、チャ
ンバーの反対側で流体を追い出せば、往復運動を生ずる
ことになる。時間中、遠位方向でのシャフト150の段
階的な前進を得るため、遠位流体導管190よりも多量
の流体を基部流体導管192に入れることができる。自
由選択で、チャンバー187Aおよび187Bの1つ又
は両方を周囲圧力に対して閉じた状態に保持して、その
機構の構造に過剰なストレスをかけないようにしてもよ
い。あるいは、図13に示した全機構を、往復運動させ
ながら、前進させてもよい。シャフト150の段階的移
動を御するためにチャンバー187へ入れる流体として
は、気体又は液体を用いることができる。
ng action)でシャフトが前進する用途も見出
すことができる。前述の装置の一例は、外側管と内側管
によって血液を導くことができるよう細長い構造を有し
ている。これらの管は、相互に、同心で、1つが他の上
で自由に滑動できるようそれらの間が低摩擦で密に近接
した状態で結合されているものである。それらの管の遠
位の方の端部は、それぞれ、円形の尖った切刃を有して
いる。管は、長手方向に往復運動をするよう駆動され、
そのため、外側管の尖ったリング状の端部が内側管の端
部より遠位となったり、内側管の尖ったリング状の端部
が外側管の端部より遠位となったりを交互に繰り返すこ
とになる。この方法で、細長の構造体が2つの管による
のこぎり作用で組織に針入することができる。
ット、等)を御すための駆動機構は、流体材料の適切な
深さがいったん検知されてしまうと、それより深くシャ
フトが針入するのを阻止するところの帰還電子回路で制
御することができる。典型的には、そのような制御系
は、図1に示したプロセッサに配置されることになろ
う。前述の制御系に対する制御アルゴリズムを、図14
で示したような典型的流れ図で説明する。このアルゴリ
ズムでは、いったん起動されると、ドライバは、シャフ
トを一時に1ステップ移動させて、測定されたインピー
ダンスによってシャフトが目標領域(例えば、皮膚に針
入する針による毛管床の血液)に達したことが表示され
るか、もしくは予め定められた針入深さが到達されるま
で、増分距離を前進させ、その点で、ドライバは、制御
回路系によって停止されることになる。シャフトが適切
な深さに達したかどうかは、インピーダンスの変化の大
きさ又はインピーダンスそのものの大きさによって決め
ることができる。インピーダンス値又は飛越し(jum
p)値の選択は、熟練した当業者が実行し得るものであ
る。シャフトが針入しつつある対象物の外部にプロセッ
サを設けて、シャフトの動きを制御すると共に、所望の
深さが達成されたかどうかを決めるべく、インピーダン
ス情報を収集・処理できるようにしてよい。情報を処理
し、ドライバを制御するための電気装置類と電気回路
類、並びに電気的インピーダンスを検知するためのそれ
らは、当分野で周知である。前述の電気装置類と電気回
路類は、コンピュータ類又はマイクロプロセッサ類を含
むこともあり得る。
ましくは、針入深さによるインピーダンスの変化を実験
的に定める。数回のサンプリング後、インピーダンス変
化に関連して挿入深さを設定できるように装置を調整し
て、その個人についての特定の選択(例えば、針入深さ
とサンプル容積)に適合させるようにしてよい。別法
は、個々の患者に特有のインピーダンスデータ対深さを
得、そして、複数の血液サンプルからデータを採った
後、得られるデータを使って、将来の血液サンプルに向
く針入深さを設定することになろう。
つ説明したが、理解すべきは、熟練した当業者は、発明
の範囲内で諸修正を行い得るということである。例え
ば、本願発明は、広範囲の医用又は非医用領域、例え
ば、水、ガス、石油、等に関わる地表の掘削などに適用
できることは言うまでもない。
するインピーダンスを有する前記物体中への針入用シャ
フトを備えた装置において、(i) 針入先端を有する
シャフト本体と、(ii)前記先端に近接した第1およ
び第2の電導性端末と、から成り、電導性端末の間の物
体の材料のインピーダンス変化を検知して針入深さにつ
いての情報をもたらすようにしたシャフトを含んで成る
装置。
の電導性端末間のインピーダンスを検知できるようにイ
ンピーダンス変化検知用の第1および第2の電導性端末
に電気的に接続されたインピーダンスセンサを包含す
る、前記<1>に記載の装置。
スセンサに導く第1の導体と第2電導性端末からインピ
ーダンスセンサに導く第2の導体とを包含し、前記シャ
フトが前記の第1導体と第2導体間に介在する電気的絶
縁体を含む、前記<2>に記載の装置。
あり且つ第2導体がシャフトの第2の側にあり、前記第
1および第2導体が相互に電気的に接触しないようにし
た、前記<3>に記載の装置。
導くために先端から伸びるチャンネルをシャフト中に包
含する、前記<1>に記載の装置。
第2導体が前記中心線に近接していて、前記シャフトが
前記第1導体と前記第2導体との間に介在する電気的絶
縁体を含む、前記<5>に記載の装置。
記第1導体が、絶縁体管と、前記絶縁管内部に伸びる前
記第2導体とを取囲む電導性層であり、且つインピーダ
ンスセンサが前記先端から離れて配置される、前記<6
>に記載の装置。
前記金属管上に被覆された電気絶縁層および電気絶縁層
上に被覆された導体層とから成り、金属コーティングが
第1電導性端末からセンサに繋がり且つ金属管が第2電
導性端末からセンサに繋がり、且つインピーダンスセン
サは、シャフトが物体に針入した時に前記物体の外部に
配される、前記<5>に記載の装置。
そこからの流体を受けるべく前記チャンネルと流体連絡
している容器を包含する、前記<5>に記載の装置。
膚に針入するための皮下注射針の大きさを有する、前記
<2>に記載の装置。
al steps)で身体中にシャフトを押し込むため
の機械的ドライバを包含する、前記<2>に記載の装
置。
じて変化するインピーダンスを有する動物対象物中への
針入用シャフトを備えた装置において、(a) 針入用
の尖った先端を有していて、皮下注射針のような大きさ
のシャフトと、 (b) 前記シャフトに接続されてい
て、電導性端末間の対象物の材料のインピーダンス変化
を検知して針入の深さに関する情報を与えられるように
前記の尖った先端に近接した第1および第2の電導性端
末と、前記のインピーダンスの変化を検知するための電
気回路類と、電気回路類に電導性端末を接続するべく前
記シャフトに沿って伸びる第1および第2の導体と、前
記第1導体と前記第2導体との間に介在する電気的絶縁
体とを包含するインピーダンスセンサと、(c) 前記
のインピーダンス変化によって駆動作用が影響を受ける
ことを特徴とする、シャフトを逐次駆動させるための機
械的ドライバと、を含んで成る装置。
法において、(a) 対象物に針入させるべくシャフト
を駆動させるステップと、(b) 針入中、所望の深さ
が到達されたかどうかを決めるためにシャフトの尖端に
近接した対象物の材料のインピーダンスを検知し且つそ
の検知されたインピーダンスに基づいて駆動作用を修正
するステップと、を設けて成る方法。
を逐次駆動するステップを包含する、前記<13>に記
載の方法。
ャフトを往復運動で駆動するステップを包含する、前記
<14>に記載の方法。
に駆動作用を停止させるステップを包含する、前記<1
3>に記載の方法。
ルを有し、更に、流体を身体からシャフトを通して流し
て流体を採取できるようにするステップを包含する、前
記<13>に記載の方法。
フトを挿入する方法において、(a) 動物中にその皮
膚を通して針入できるよう針大のシャフトを駆動するス
テップと、(b) 所望の針入深さが到達されたかどう
かを決めるために電気的に検知するステップと、(c)
所望の深さが到達された時に針大のシャフトの前進を
停止させるステップと、 を設けて成る方法。
ために電気的ドライバを用いるステップと所望の深さが
到達された時にその電気的ドライバを電気的に停止させ
るステップとを包含する、前記<18>に記載の方法。
変化するインピーダンスを有する対象物中への針入用シ
ャフトを備えた装置の作製方法において、(a) 針入
用シャフトに先端を設けるステップと、(b) 前記シ
ャフトの先端に近接して第1および第2の電導性端末を
配置し、第1および第2の電導性端末間の対象物の材料
のインピーダンス変化を検知して針入の深さに関する情
報を与えられるようにするステップと、(c) 前記の
インピーダンスの変化を検知するための電気回路類に第
1および第2の電導性端末を接続するステップと、を設
けて成る方法。
深さによって変化するインピーダンスを有する前記物体
中への針入用シャフトを備えた装置において、(i)
針入先端を有するシャフト本体と、(ii)前記先端に
近接した第1および第2の電導性端末と、から成り、電
導性端末の間の物体の材料のインピーダンス変化を検知
して針入深さについての情報をもたらすようにしたシャ
フトを含んで成る装置である。本願発明による、この装
置よれば、患者の組織中へ入れる針のような、長い構造
物をある物体に挿入する際、その浸入(針入)深さを適
正なものにすることができる。
イバの実施例を包含する装置を示す。
イバの実施例を包含する装置を示す。
を包含する装置を示す。
の一部分を包含する装置を示す。
一部分を包含する装置を示す。
バの一部分を包含する装置を示す。
制御するためのアルゴリズムに関する流れ図を示す。
Claims (1)
- 【請求項1】 物体表面の下の深さによって変化するイ
ンピーダンスを有する前記物体中への針入用シャフトを
備えた装置において、 (i) 針入先端を有するシャフト本体と、 (ii)前記先端に近接した第1および第2の電導性端
末と、 から成り、電導性端末の間の物体の材料のインピーダン
ス変化を検知して針入深さについての情報をもたらすよ
うにしたシャフトを含んで成る装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/050-853 | 1998-03-30 | ||
US09/050,853 US6391005B1 (en) | 1998-03-30 | 1998-03-30 | Apparatus and method for penetration with shaft having a sensor for sensing penetration depth |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH11309124A true JPH11309124A (ja) | 1999-11-09 |
JP4406706B2 JP4406706B2 (ja) | 2010-02-03 |
Family
ID=21967894
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP08248799A Expired - Fee Related JP4406706B2 (ja) | 1998-03-30 | 1999-03-25 | 皮膚針入装置 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US6391005B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4406706B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE19914485C2 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2335990A (ja) |
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1998
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-
1999
- 1999-03-25 JP JP08248799A patent/JP4406706B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-03-30 GB GB9907360A patent/GB2335990A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-03-30 DE DE19914485A patent/DE19914485C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-11-06 US US10/008,159 patent/US7780631B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2010
- 2010-04-26 US US12/767,311 patent/US8439872B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2006520251A (ja) * | 2003-03-06 | 2006-09-07 | ライフスキャン・インコーポレイテッド | 皮膚組織に刺入するためのシステム及び方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB9907360D0 (en) | 1999-05-26 |
DE19914485A1 (de) | 1999-11-18 |
US6391005B1 (en) | 2002-05-21 |
US20100228194A1 (en) | 2010-09-09 |
US7780631B2 (en) | 2010-08-24 |
US8439872B2 (en) | 2013-05-14 |
DE19914485C2 (de) | 2002-10-24 |
GB2335990A (en) | 1999-10-06 |
US20020042594A1 (en) | 2002-04-11 |
JP4406706B2 (ja) | 2010-02-03 |
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