JP6134136B2 - 発酵槽での真核微生物の超高密度培養によるポリエン脂肪酸を含有する脂質の生産促進 - Google Patents
発酵槽での真核微生物の超高密度培養によるポリエン脂肪酸を含有する脂質の生産促進 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6134136B2 JP6134136B2 JP2012274394A JP2012274394A JP6134136B2 JP 6134136 B2 JP6134136 B2 JP 6134136B2 JP 2012274394 A JP2012274394 A JP 2012274394A JP 2012274394 A JP2012274394 A JP 2012274394A JP 6134136 B2 JP6134136 B2 JP 6134136B2
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Description
本発明は、微生物を増殖させ、微生物脂質を回収する新規方法に関する。特に、本発明は、微生物多価不飽和脂質の生産に関する。
一般に、真核微生物におけるポリエン脂肪酸(2つ以上の不飽和炭素−炭素結合を含む脂肪酸)の生産には、分子状酸素の存在(すなわち、好気的条件)が必要であると考えられてきた。これは、すべての非寄生性真核微生物の脂肪酸に形成されるシス形二重結合に、直接酸素依存性不飽和化反応(酸化微生物デサチュラーゼ系)が関与すると考えられるからである。分子状酸素を必要とすることが知られている他の真核微生物脂質には、菌類および植物ステロール、オキシカロテノイド(すなわち、キサントフィル)、ユビキノン、ならびにこれらの脂質のいずれかから製造された化合物(すなわち、二次代謝産物)が含まれる。
したがって、微生物を高濃度で増殖させ、さらにポリエン脂肪酸含有脂質の生産増大を促進する方法が求められている。
本発明は、真核微生物バイオマスの少なくとも約20%を脂質として生産し得る真核微生物を増殖させる方法およびそれらの脂質を生産する方法を提供する。脂質は1種以上のポリエン脂肪酸を含むのが好ましい。この方法は、真核微生物を含む発酵培地に、炭素源、好ましくは非アルコール炭素源と、制限栄養源とを添加することを含む。炭素源と制限栄養源は、発酵培地のバイオマス密度を少なくとも約100g/Lまで増大させるのに十分な速度で添加するのが好ましい。
本発明のさらに別の態様は、発酵プロセスの後半に発酵培地中約3%未満の飽和度の酸素レベルに維持することを提供する。
(a) 発酵培地中で真核微生物を増殖させて、発酵培地のバイオマス密度を少なくとも約100g/Lまで増大させるステップと、
(b) 微生物に脂質を生産させるのに十分な発酵条件を提供するステップと、
(c) 約15%を超える部分が多価不飽和脂質である脂質を回収するステップと、から成る真核微生物脂質の生産方法を提供する。
(d) 発酵培地から水分を除去して乾燥微生物を得るステップ、
(e) 乾燥微生物から脂質を分離するステップ、
から成る脂質回収方法を提供する。
本発明の別の態様は、
(d) 微生物細胞を透過化、溶解または破裂するように発酵培地を処理するステップと、
(e)脂質/水エマルションの破壊を支援する水溶性溶媒の支援があるかまたは支援がない状態で、比重選別法、好ましくは遠心により、発酵ブロスから脂質を回収するステップと、から成る脂質回収方法を提供する。
本発明は、例えば、藻類、(酵母を含めた)菌類、原生生物および細菌などの微生物を増殖させる方法を提供する。微生物は、藻類、原生生物およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択するのが好ましい。微生物が藻類であればなお好ましい。さらに、本発明の方法は、多様な脂質化合物、特に、不飽和脂質、好ましくは多価不飽和脂質(すなわち、少なくとも2つの不飽和炭素−炭素結合、例えば、二重結合を含む脂質)、より好ましくは、ドコサヘキサン酸(すなわち、DHA)を含めた、ω−3および/またはω−6多価不飽和脂肪酸などの高度不飽和脂質(すなわち、4つ以上の不飽和炭素−炭素結合を含む脂質);ならびに他の天然の不飽和、多価不飽和および高度不飽和化合物の生産に用い得る。本明細書に用いられている限りにおいて、用語「脂質」には、リン脂質;遊離脂肪酸;脂肪酸エステル;トリアシルグリセロール;ステロールおよびステロールエステル;カロテノイド;キサントフィル(例えば、オキシカロテノイド);炭化水素;イソプレノイド誘導化合物ならびに当業者には公知の他の脂質が含まれる。
本発明のさらなる目的、利点および新規特徴は、本発明を制限するものではない以下の実施例を吟味すれば当業者には明らかになるであろう。
この実施例は、脂質の生産性に及ぼす発酵培地中の酸素含量の影響を示している。
種々の溶存酸素レベルにおけるシゾキトリウム ATCC20888番の発酵結果を測定した。結果を図1に示すが、図中、RCSは糖の残留濃度、DCWは乾燥細胞重量である。
この実施例も最終バイオマス産物のDHA含量(%乾燥重量)に及ぼす発酵培地中の低酸素含量の影響を示している。
大型発酵槽で培養したシゾキトリウム種細胞中のDHA含量に及ぼす低酸素含量の影響を模擬するために、250ml三角フラスコで「縮小(スケールダウン)」実験を実施した。シゾキトリウム種(ATCC20888番)をO4−4培地中で培養した。この培地は、脱イオン水に溶かした1リットル当たりの以下の成分からなっていた:Na2SO4 12.61g;MgSO4・7H2O 1.2g;KCl 0.25g;CaCl2 0.05g;グルタミン酸一ナトリウム 7.0g;グルコース 10g;KH2PO4 0.5g;NaHCO3 0.1g;酵母エキス 0.1g;ビタミンミックス 1.0mL;PII金属 1.00mL。PII金属ミックスは(1リットル当たり):6.0gのNa2EDTA、0.29gのFeCl3・6H2O、6.84gのH3BO3、0.86gのMnCl2・4H2O、0.06gのZnCl2、0.026gのCoCl2・6H2O、0.052gのNiSO4・H2O、0.002gのCuSO4・H2Oおよび0.005gのNa2MoO4・2H2Oを含む。ビタミンミックスは(1リットル当たり):100mgのチアミン、0.5mgのビオチンおよび0.5mgのシアノコバラミンを含む。培地のpHを7.0に調整し、次いでフィルター滅菌した。
この実施例は、本発明の方法の再現性を示している。
1,200ガロンの呼称作業容量を有する発酵槽を用いて微生物を生産した。得られた発酵ブロスを濃縮し、ドラム乾燥機を用いて微生物を乾燥した。得られた微生物のアリコートから脂質を抽出し、精製して、精製、脱色、脱臭した油を得た。脂質を分析する前に、栄養を補うために約3,000ppmのd−l−α−酢酸トコフェリルを加えた。
この実施例は、約53キロリットル(14,000ガロン)スケールの微生物生産性に及ぼす発酵培地中の低減溶存酸素レベルの影響を示している。
実施例3に記載の手順を用い、上述の米国特許第5,340,594号および同第5,340,742号に開示されている分離法を用いて得られる野生型シゾキトリウム株を用いて、14,000ガロン呼称容量発酵を実施した。発酵培地中の溶存酸素レベルは、最初の24時間には約8%であり、24時間目から40時間目までは約4%、40時間目から発酵プロセスの終りまでは約0.5%であった。この発酵培地中低溶存酸素レベルプロセスの結果を表4に示す。
この実施例は、本発明の発酵プロセスに及ぼす追加窒素の影響を示している。
実施例4と類似の手順を用い、250−Lスケールのフェッドバッチ実験を4セット実施した。2種の対照実験と、追加のアンモニア(標準量の1.15倍と1.25倍)を含む2種の実験を行った。結果を表6に示す。
この実施例は本発明の発酵プロセスの動力学的プロフィールを示している。
実施例4と類似の手順を用いて約3.8キロリットル(1,000)ガロンスケールのフェッドバッチ実験を行った。本発明の発酵法の動的プロフィールを表7に示す。
表9.シゾキトリウム種のバイオマス収率、転化効率(グルコース→バイオマス)、脂質含量およびDHA含量に及ぼす栄養制限の影響
Claims (17)
- 真核微生物脂質を生産するための方法であって、
(a)炭素源および制限栄養素源を添加し、発酵培地中で少なくとも飽和の4%の溶存酸素含量を維持するのに十分な条件を提供することにより、該発酵培地中で微生物を増殖させるステップと、
(b)前記発酵培地中の飽和の1%またはそれ未満の溶存酸素レベルを維持するのに十分な条件を提供し、かつ、前記微生物が前記脂質を生産できるのに十分な条件を提供するステップと、
(c)前記脂質を回収するステップであって、回収した微生物脂質の少なくとも15重量%が多価不飽和脂質であるステップと、
を含み、ここで、
前記微生物がスラウストキトリアレス(Thraustochytriales)目である、方法。 - 前記微生物が、スラウストキトリウム(Thraustochytrium)属、シゾキトリウム(Schizochytrium)属およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1項記載の方法。
- 前記微生物が、シゾキトリウム(Schizochytrium)属である、請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、少なくとも0.5g/L/hrの平均速度で脂質を生産する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、少なくとも0.7g/L/hrの平均脂質生産速度である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記炭素源が、炭水化物を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記制限栄養素源が、窒素源を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記窒素源が無機アンモニウム源を含み、前記発酵培地のpHが、前記制限栄養素源により制御される、請求項7記載の方法。
- 前記多価不飽和脂質がドコサヘキサエン酸である、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 回収された脂質の少なくとも25%がドコサヘキサエン酸である、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記脂質が、発酵の1時間あたり発酵培地のリッターあたり少なくとも0.5グラムの平均速度で生産され、かつ、ω−3およびω−6脂肪酸の合計量が前記脂質の少なくとも20%である、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記脂質が、発酵の1時間あたり発酵培地のリッターあたり少なくとも0.5グラムの平均速度で生産され、かつ、ドコサヘキサエン酸が前記脂質の少なくとも25%である、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記発酵培地中の溶存酸素が制御されている、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、発酵の1時間あたり発酵培地のリッターあたり平均少なくとも0.2グラムのドコサヘキサエン酸を生産する、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記微生物から脂質を回収する前に、前記発酵培地から水を除去して乾燥微生物を供することをさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記微生物から脂質を回収する前に、前もって遠心せずに蒸発により前記発酵培地から水を除去して乾燥微生物を供する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記微生物が、ポリケチドシンターゼ系を含む、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項記載の方法。
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JP2016202189A (ja) * | 2000-01-28 | 2016-12-08 | ディーエスエム アイピー アセッツ ビー.ブイ. | 発酵槽での真核微生物の超高密度培養によるポリエン脂肪酸を含有する脂質の生産促進 |
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