CN110167815B - 传感器表面物体检测方法和系统 - Google Patents
传感器表面物体检测方法和系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110167815B CN110167815B CN201780083066.3A CN201780083066A CN110167815B CN 110167815 B CN110167815 B CN 110167815B CN 201780083066 A CN201780083066 A CN 201780083066A CN 110167815 B CN110167815 B CN 110167815B
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Abstract
提供了光成像和测距系统以及传感器表面物体检测系统的方法、装置和系统。来自车辆的系统和传感器的输出可以用于描述所述车辆周围的环境。在传感器被灰尘、碎片或碎屑遮挡的情况下,所述传感器可能无法充分描述自主控制操作的环境。所述传感器表面物体检测系统可以从所述车辆的所述传感器接收输出,以确定所述传感器中的任一个传感器是否被遮挡。可以通过将一个传感器的输出与另一个传感器进行比较、确定传感器的所述输出是否在预定阈值内、或者将多个传感器输出的特性彼此进行比较来进行所述确定。当传感器被确定为被遮挡时,所述系统可以向清洁系统发送命令以自动地除去遮挡。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请根据35 U.S.C.§119(e)要求2016年11月21日提交的标题为“下一代车辆(Next Generation Vehicle)”的美国临时申请序列号62/424,976;以及2016年12月29日提交的标题为“传感器表面物体检测方法和系统(Sensor Surface Object DetectionMethods and Systems)”的美国专利申请号15/394,425;2016年12月29日提交的标题为“传感器清洁装置和系统(Sensor Cleaning Devices and Systems)”的美国专利申请号15/394,419和2016年12月29日提交的标题为“具有增强视角的低轮廓成像系统(Low-ProfileImaging System with Enhanced Viewing Angles)”的美国专利申请号15/394,402的权益和优先权。为了其所教导的所有内容并用于所有目的,上面所列出的申请的全部披露内容通过引用而并入本文。
技术领域
本披露内容总体上涉及车辆系统、具体地涉及电动车辆和/或混合动力电动车辆。
背景技术
近年来,运输方法显著地变化。这种变化部分是由于考虑到自然资源的有限可用性、个人技术激增、以及对采用更环保的运输解决方案的社会转变。这些考虑鼓励了许多新型灵活燃料车辆、混合动力电动车辆和电动车辆的发展。
虽然这些车辆看起来是新的,但它们通常被实施为仅仅与替代性动力源相关联的许多传统子系统。实际上,车辆的设计和构造受限于标准车架大小、形状、材料和运输概念。除其他之外,这些限制无法利用新技术、动力源和支撑构架的优势。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆;
图2示出了根据本披露内容的至少一些实施例的车辆的平面图;
图3是根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆的通信环境的实施例的框图;
图4示出了根据本披露内容的一个实施例的车辆的仪表板的实施例;
图5是车辆的通信子系统的实施例的框图;
图6是与本文呈现的实施例相关联的计算环境的框图;
图7是与本文描述的一个或多个部件相关联的计算装置的框图;
图8A示出了与根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆的一部分相关联的被遮挡的传感器;
图8B示出了与根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆的一部分相关联的多个被遮挡的传感器;
图9A示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的由车辆的第一传感器随时间检测到的传感器信息的图形表示;
图9B示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的由车辆的第二传感器随时间检测到的传感器信息的图形表示;
图9C示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的由车辆的第三传感器随时间检测到的传感器信息的图形表示;
图10示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆的传感器之间的被比较传感器信息的图形表示;
图11示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆的传感器之间的被比较传感器信息的图形表示;
图12A示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的由车辆的成像系统在第一行进时刻检测到的成像传感器信息的示意图;
图12B示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的由车辆的成像系统在第二行进时刻检测到的成像传感器信息的示意图;
图12C示出了根据本披露实施例的由车辆的成像系统在第三行进时刻检测到的成像传感器信息的示意图;
图13A示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的由车辆的成像系统在第一行进时刻检测到的被遮挡的成像传感器信息的示意图;
图13B示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的由车辆的成像系统在第二行进时刻检测到的被遮挡的成像传感器信息的示意图;
图13C示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的由车辆的成像系统在第三行进时刻检测到的被遮挡的成像传感器信息的示意图;
图14是根据本披露内容的实施例的用于检测车辆的传感器表面上的物体的第一方法的流程图;
图15是根据本披露内容的实施例的用于检测车辆的传感器表面上的物体的第二方法的流程图;
图16A示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆的传感器清洁系统的示意图;
图16B示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆的传感器清洁系统的示意图;
图16C示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆的传感器清洁系统的示意图;
图17A示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆的传感器清洁系统的部件的示意平面和前视图;
图17B示出了处于第一清洁状态的图17A的传感器清洁系统的示意平面和前视图;
图17C示出了处于第二清洁状态的图17A的传感器清洁系统的示意平面和前视图;
图17D示出了处于第三清洁状态的图17A的传感器清洁系统的示意平面和前视图;
图18A示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的处于第一清洁状态的车辆的传感器清洁系统和传感器的示意截面图;
图18B示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的处于第二清洁状态的车辆的传感器清洁系统和传感器的示意截面图;
图18C示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的处于第三清洁状态的车辆的传感器清洁系统和传感器的示意截面图;
图19A示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的处于第一清洁状态的车辆的传感器清洁系统和传感器的示意截面图;
图19B示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的处于第二清洁状态的车辆的传感器清洁系统和传感器的示意截面图;
图19C示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的处于第三清洁状态的车辆的传感器清洁系统和传感器的示意性截面图;
图20A示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆以及低轮廓成像系统和成像环境的侧视图;
图20B示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆以及低轮廓成像系统和成像环境的平面图;
图21A示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的低轮廓成像系统的平面图;
图21B是沿图21A的线X-X截取的截面图,示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的低轮廓成像系统部件的布置;
图21C是图21B的截面图的一部分的详细视图,示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的低轮廓成像系统的光学组件;
图22A是根据本披露内容的实施例的低轮廓成像系统的光学组件的第一示意图;
图22B是根据本披露内容的实施例的低轮廓成像系统的光学组件的第二示意图;
图22C是根据本披露实内容的施例的低轮廓成像系统的光学组件的第三示意图;
图23A是根据本披露内容的实施例的低轮廓成像系统的光学组件的第一示意图;
图23B是根据本披露内容的实施例的低轮廓成像系统的光学组件的第二示意图;
图23C是根据本披露内容的实施例的低轮廓成像系统的光学组件的第三示意图;
图24A是根据本披露内容的实施例的低轮廓成像系统的光学组件的第一示意图;
图24B是根据本披露内容的实施例的低轮廓成像系统的光学组件的第二示意图;
图24C是根据本披露内容的实施例的低轮廓成像系统的光学组件的第三示意图;并且
图25是根据本披露内容的实施例的用于自动地调整低轮廓成像系统的观察能力的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
将结合车辆并且在一些实施例中结合电动车辆、可再充电电动车辆和/或混合动力电动车辆以及相关联系统来描述本披露内容的实施例。
图1示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆100的透视图。电动车辆100包括车辆前部110、车辆尾部或后部120、车顶130、至少一个车辆侧面160、车辆底盘140以及车辆内部150。在任何情况下,车辆100可以包括车架104以及安装或附连至其上的一个或多个车身面板108。车辆100可以包括一个或多个内部部件(例如,在车辆100的内部空间150或用户空间内的部件等等)、外部部件(例如,在车辆100的内部空间150或用户空间外的部件等等)、驱动系统、控制系统、结构部件等。
尽管以轿车的形式示出,但是应当理解,本文描述的车辆100可以包括任何运输工具或任何型号的运输工具,其中运输工具被设计用于移动一个或多个有形物体,诸如人、动物、货物等。术语“车辆”不要求运输工具移动或能够移动。典型的车辆可以包括但不限于轿车、卡车、摩托车、公共汽车、汽车、火车、铁路运输工具、船只、船舶、海上运输工具、海底运输工具、飞机、航天飞机、飞行器、人力运输工具等。
在一些实施例中,车辆100可以包括能够辅助驾驶操作的多个传感器、装置和/或系统。各种传感器和系统的实例可以包括但不限于以下一者或多者:相机(例如,独立图像、立体图像、组合图像等)、红外(IR)传感器、射频(RF)传感器、超声传感器(例如,换能器、收发器等)、雷达传感器(例如,物体检测传感器和/或系统)、激光雷达系统、测距传感器和/或装置(例如,编码器等)、取向传感器(例如,加速度计、陀螺仪、磁力计等)、导航传感器和系统(例如,GPS等)、以及其他测距、成像和/或物体检测传感器。传感器可以设置在车辆100的内部空间150中和/或在车辆100的外部上。在一些实施例中,传感器和系统可以设置在车辆100的一个或多个部分中(例如,车架104、车身面板、隔间等)。
可以选择和/或配置车辆传感器和系统以适应与车辆100相关联的操作级别。除其他之外,可以改变系统中使用的传感器的数量以增加或减少可用于车辆控制系统的信息(例如,影响车辆100的控制能力)。另外地或替代性地,传感器和系统可以是与车辆100相关联的一个或多个高级驾驶员辅助系统(ADAS)的一部分。在任何情况下,传感器和系统可以用于在任何操作级别(例如,从完全手动操作到完全自主操作等)提供驾驶辅助,如本文所描述。
可以将车辆的各种控制和/或操作级别描述为对应于与车辆100相关联的实现车辆驾驶操作的自主级别。例如,在级别0或完全手动驾驶操作下,驾驶员(例如,人类驾驶员)可以负责与车辆相关联的所有驾驶控制操作(例如,转向、加速、制动等)。级别0可以被称为“无自动化”级别。在级别1下,车辆可以负责与车辆相关联的有限数量的驾驶操作,而驾驶员仍然负责大多数驾驶控制操作。级别1车辆的实例可以包括可以由车辆控制油门控制和/或制动操作(例如,巡航控制操作等)的车辆。级别1可以被称为“驾驶员辅助”级别。在级别2下,车辆可以收集(例如,经由一个或多个驾驶辅助系统、传感器等)关于车辆的环境(例如,周围区域、道路、交通、环境条件等)的信息、并且使用所收集的信息来控制与车辆相关的驾驶操作(例如,转向、加速、制动等)。在级别2自主车辆中,可以要求驾驶员执行不受车辆控制的其他方面的驾驶操作。级别2可以被称为“部分自动化”级别。应了解,级别0至2全部都涉及驾驶员监控车辆的驾驶操作。
在级别3下,除了当车辆请求操作者作用或干预控制一个或多个驾驶操作时,驾驶员可以脱离对车辆的所有驾驶操作的控制。换言之,除非要求驾驶员接管车辆,否则驾驶员可以脱离对车辆的控制。级别3可以被称为“条件自动化”级别。在级别4下,驾驶员可以脱离对车辆的所有驾驶操作的控制,并且即使当用户未能响应干预请求时,车辆也可以控制驾驶操作。级别4可以被称为“高度自动化”级别。在级别5下,车辆可以在所有驾驶模式下控制与车辆相关联的所有驾驶操作。级别5的车辆可以在驾驶车辆时连续监测交通、车辆、道路和/或环境条件。在级别5下,在任何驾驶模式中都不需要人类驾驶员交互。因此,级别5可以被称为“完全自动化”级别。应了解,在级别3至5下,车辆和/或与车辆相关联的一个或多个自动化驾驶系统监控车辆的驾驶操作和驾驶环境。
如图1所示,车辆100可以例如包括以下至少一者:测距和成像系统112(例如,激光雷达等)、成像传感器116A、116F(例如,相机、IR等)、无线电物体检测和测距系统传感器116B(例如,雷达、RF等)、超声传感器116C和/或其他物体检测传感器116D、116E。在一些实施例中,激光雷达系统112和/或传感器可以安装在车辆100的车顶130上。在一个实施例中,雷达传感器116B可以至少设置在车辆100的前部110、尾部120或侧面160处。除其他之外,雷达传感器可以用于监控和/或检测在车辆100附近或接近车辆的其他车辆、行人和/或其他物体的位置。虽然被示为与车辆100的一个或多个区域相关联,但应当理解,图1和图2中示出的任何传感器和系统116A至116K、112可以在车辆100的任何位置、区域和/或区中设置在车辆100中、上和/或周围。
现在参考图2,描述了根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆100的平面图。特别地,图2示出了至少部分地由设置在车辆100中、上和/或周围的传感器和系统116A至116K、112限定的车辆感测环境200。每个传感器116A至116K可以包括操作检测范围R和操作检测角度α。操作检测范围R可以限定传感器116A至116K的有效检测极限或距离。在一些情况下,这个有效检测极限可以被限定为从传感器116A至116K的一部分(例如,透镜、感测表面等)到偏离传感器116A至116K的空间中的点的距离。有效检测极限可以限定某一距离,超过该距离,传感器116A至116K的感测能力就恶化、不能工作或不可靠。在一些实施例中,有效检测极限可以限定某一距离,在该距离内,传感器116A至116K的感测能力能够提供准确和/或可靠的检测信息。操作检测角α可以限定传感器116A至116K的跨度或者水平极限和/或竖直极限之间的至少一个角度。如可以理解,传感器116A至116K的操作检测极限和操作检测角度α一起可以限定传感器116A至116K的有效检测区216A至216D(例如,有效检测区域和/或体积等)。
在一些实施例中,车辆100可以包括测距和成像系统112,诸如激光雷达等。测距和成像系统112可以配置为检测车辆100周围的环境中的视觉信息。可以处理在测距和成像系统112周围的环境中检测到的视觉信息(例如,经由一个或多个传感器和/或系统处理器等),以生成车辆周围的环境200的完整360度视图。测距和成像系统112可以配置为例如在车辆100驾驶时实时地生成环境200的变化360度视图。在一些情况下,测距和成像系统112可以具有有效检测极限204,所述有效检测极限是从车辆100的中心向外在360度上的某一距离。测距和成像系统112的有效检测极限204限定车辆100周围的观察区208(例如,区域和/或体积等)。落在观察区208之外的任何物体处于未检测到的区212中并且将不会被车辆100的测距和成像系统112检测到。
传感器数据和信息可以由监控车辆感测环境200的车辆100的一个或多个传感器或系统116A至116K、112收集。可以处理这个信息(例如,经由处理器、计算机视觉系统等)以确定与车辆感测环境200相关联的一个或多个检测区208、216A至216D内的目标(例如,物体、标识、人、标记、道路、路况等)。在一些情况下,可以处理来自多个传感器116A至116K的信息以形成复合传感器检测信息。例如,第一传感器116A和第二传感器116F可以对应于瞄准车辆100的向前行进方向的第一相机116A和第二相机116F。在这个实例中,可以组合由相机116A、116F收集的图像以形成立体图像信息。这个复合信息可以通过例如增加确定与一个或多个检测区208、216A至216D中的目标相关联的深度的能力来提高一个或多个传感器116A至116K中的单个传感器的能力。类似的图像数据可以由瞄准向后行进方向车辆100的后视相机(例如,传感器116G、116H)收集。
在一些实施例中,可以有效地接合多个传感器116A至116K以增大加感测区并提供增大的感测覆盖范围。例如,可以接合设置在车辆的前部110上的多个雷达传感器116B,以提供跨越车辆的整个前部110的覆盖区216B。在一些情况下,多个雷达传感器116B可以覆盖包括一个或多个其他传感器检测区216A的检测区216B。这些重叠的检测区可以提供冗余感测、增强感测,和/或提供在较大区(例如,区216B)的特定部分(例如,区216A)内的更多感测细节。另外地或替代性地,车辆100的传感器116A至116K可以布置为经由车辆100周围的一个或多个感测区208、216A至216D而产生完全覆盖。在一些区域中,两个或更多个传感器116D、116E的感测区216C可以在重叠区220处相交。在一些区域中,(例如,两个或更多个传感器116E、116J、116K的)两个或更多个感测区216C、216D的角度和/或检测极限可以在虚拟交叉点224处会合。
车辆100可以包括设置在车辆100的后部120附近的多个传感器116E、116G、116H、116J、116K。这些传感器可以包括但不限于,成像传感器、相机、IR、无线电物体检测和测距传感器、雷达、RF、超声传感器和/或其他物体检测传感器。除其他之外,这些传感器116E、116G、116H、116J、116K可以检测靠近或接近车辆100的后部的目标。例如,可以由测距和成像系统(例如,激光雷达)112、后视相机116G、116H和/或面向后部的雷达传感器116J、116K中的一者或多者检测接近车辆100的后部120的另一车辆。如上所述,可以处理来自后视相机116G、116H的图像以生成对两个相机116G、116H可见的目标的立体视图(例如,提供与物体或环境相关联的深度等)。作为另一实例,车辆100可能正在驾驶,并且测距和成像系统112、面向前部的相机116A、116F、面向前部的雷达传感器116B和/或超声传感器116C中的一者或多者可以检测车辆100前方的目标。这种方法可以在上述自主驾驶级别中的至少一个自主驾驶级别中向车辆控制系统提供关键传感器信息。例如,当车辆100自主地驾驶(例如,级别3、级别4或级别5)并且检测到在行进路径中停止的其他车辆时,可以将传感器检测信息发送到车辆100的车辆控制系统以控制与车辆100相关联的驾驶操作(例如,制动、减速等)(在这个实例中,使车辆100减慢以避免与停止的其他车辆碰撞)。作为又一实例,车辆100可以操作,并且测距和成像系统112和/或面向侧面的传感器116D、116E(例如,雷达、超声、相机、其组合和/或其他类型的传感器)中的一者或多者可以检测位于车辆100的侧面的目标。应当理解,传感器116A至116K可以检测既在车辆100的侧面160又在前部110处的目标(例如,与从车辆100的前部110行进到车辆的后部120的车辆100的中心线成对角角度设置)。另外地或替代性地,传感器116A至116K可以检测既在车辆100的侧面160又在后部120处或同时在这两个位置处的目标(例如,与车辆100的中心线成对角角度设置)。
图3是根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆100的通信环境300的实施例的框图。通信系统300可以包括一个或多个车辆驾驶车辆传感器和系统304、传感器处理器340、传感器数据存储器344、车辆控制系统348、通信子系统350、控制数据364、计算装置368、传感器清洁系统370、显示装置372、以及可以与车辆100相关联的其他部件374。这些相关联的部件可以经由至少一个总线360彼此电联接和/或通信地联接。在一些实施例中,一个或多个相关联的部件可以通过通信网络352向导航源356A、控制源356B或某个其他实体356N中的至少一者发送和/或接收信号。
根据本披露内容的至少一些实施例,通信网络352可以包括任何类型的已知通信介质或通信介质集合,并且可以使用任何类型的协议,诸如SIP、TCP/IP、SNA、IPX、AppleTalk等,以在端点之间传输消息。通信网络352可以包括有线和/或无线通信技术。互联网是通信网络352的实例,它构成了由位于世界各地的许多计算机、计算网络和其他通信装置(它们通过许多电话系统和其他器件连接)组成的互联网协议(IP)网络。通信网络104的其他实例包括,但不限于,标准普通老式电话系统(POTS)、综合业务数字网(ISDN)、公共交换电话网(PSTN)、局域网(LAN)(诸如以太网、令牌环网络和/或类似网络)、广域网(WAN)、虚拟网络、包括但不限于虚拟专用网络(“VPN”);互联网、内联网、外联网、蜂窝网络、红外网络;无线网络(例如,根据任何IEEE 802.9协议集、本领域已知的协议和/或任何其他无线协议中的任一个协议操作的网络),以及本领域已知的任何其他类型的分组交换或电路交换网络和/或这些和/或其他网络的任何组合。另外地,可以理解,通信网络352不需要限于任何一种网络类型,而是可以包括许多不同的网络和/或网络类型。通信网络352可以包括多个不同的通信介质,诸如同轴电缆、铜电缆/电线、光纤电缆、用于发射/接收无线消息的天线、以及其组合。
驾驶车辆传感器和系统304可以包括至少一个导航传感器或系统308(例如,全球定位系统(GPS)等)、取向传感器或系统312、测距传感器或系统316、激光雷达传感器或系统320、雷达传感器或系统324、超声传感器或系统328、相机传感器或系统332、红外(IR)传感器或系统336、和/或其他传感器或系统338。这些驾驶车辆传感器和系统304可以与结合图1和图2描述的传感器和系统116A至116K、112类似(如果不相同的话)。
导航传感器308可以包括具有接收器和天线的一个或多个传感器,所述传感器配置为利用基于卫星的导航系统,所述导航系统包括能够向车辆100的至少一个部件提供地理定位和时间信息的导航卫星网络。本文描述的导航传感器308的实例可以包括,但不限于,以下至少一者:GLOTM系列GPS与GLONASS组合传感器、GPS 15xTM系列传感器、GPS 16xTM系列的具有高灵敏度接收器和天线的传感器、GPS18x OEM系列高灵敏度GPS传感器、Dewetron DEWE-VGPS系列GPS传感器、GlobalSat 1-Hz系列GPS传感器、其他工业等效导航传感器和/或系统,并且可以使用任何已知或未来开发的标准和/或架构来执行导航和/或地理定位功能。
取向传感器312可以包括配置为确定车辆100相对于至少一个参考点的取向的一个或多个传感器。在一些实施例中,取向传感器312可以包括至少一个压力换能器、应力/应变仪、加速度计、陀螺仪和/或地磁传感器。如本文所述的导航传感器308的实例可以包括,但不限于,以下至少一者:Bosch Sensortec BMX 160系列低功率绝对取向传感器、BoschSensortec BMX055 9轴传感器、Bosch Sensortec BMI055 6轴惯性传感器、BoschSensortec BMI160 6轴惯性传感器、具有集成Cortex M0+微控制器的Bosch SensortecBMF055 9轴惯性传感器(加速度计、陀螺仪和磁力计)、Bosch Sensortec BMP280绝对气压传感器、Infineon TLV493D-A1B6 3D磁传感器、Infineon TLI493D-W1B6 3D磁传感器、Infineon TL系列3D磁传感器、Murata Electronics SCC2000系列组合式陀螺仪传感器与加速度计、Murata Electronics SCC1300系列组合式陀螺仪传感器与加速度计、其他工业等效取向传感器和/或系统,并且可以使用任何已知或未来开发的标准和/或架构来执行取向检测和/或确定功能。
测距传感器和/或系统316可以包括配置为确定车辆100的位置随时间的变化的一个或多个部件。在一些实施例中,测距系统316可以利用来自一个或多个其他传感器和/或系统304的数据来确定车辆100相对于车辆100的先前测得位置的位置(例如,距离、定位等)。另外地或替代性地,测距传感器316可以包括一个或多个编码器、霍尔速度传感器、和/或配置为随时间测量车轮速度、旋转和/或转数的其他测量传感器/装置。如本文所述的测距传感器/系统316的实例可以包括,但不限于,以下至少一者:Infineon TLE4924/26/27/28C高性能速度传感器、Infineon TL4941plusC(B)单芯片差动霍尔轮速传感器、InfineonTL5041plusC巨磁电阻(GMR)效应传感器、Infineon TL系列磁传感器、EPC 25 SP型Accu-CoderProTM增量式轴编码器、采用先进的磁感测和信号处理技术的EPC 30M型紧凑增量式编码器、EPC 925型绝对轴编码器、EPC 958型绝对轴编码器、EPC MA36 S/M A63 S/S A36S型绝对轴编码器、DynaparTMF18换向光学编码器、DynaparTMHS35R系列相控阵列编码器传感器、其他工业等效测距传感器和/或系统,并且可以使用任何已知或未来开发的标准和/或架构来执行位置变化检测和/或确定功能的改变。
激光雷达传感器/系统320可以包括配置为使用激光照明来测量与目标的距离的一个或多个部件。在一些实施例中,激光雷达传感器/系统320可以提供车辆100周围的环境的3D成像数据。可以处理所述成像数据以生成车辆100周围的环境的完全360度视图。激光雷达传感器/系统320可以包括配置为产生多个目标照明激光束(例如,激光通道)的激光发生器。在一些实施例中,该多个激光束可以瞄准或指向旋转反射表面(例如,反射镜)并且从激光雷达传感器/系统320向外引导至测量环境中。旋转反射表面可以配置为围绕轴线连续旋转360度,使得多个激光束被引导到车辆100周围的完全360度范围内。激光雷达传感器/系统320的光电二极管接收器可以检测来自多个激光束的发射到测量环境中的光何时返回(例如,反射回波)到激光雷达传感器/系统320。激光雷达传感器/系统320可以基于与光发射到所检测到的光返回相关联的时间来计算从车辆100到被照明目标的距离。在一些实施例中,激光雷达传感器/系统320可以每秒产生超过200万个点并且具有至少100米的有效操作范围。如本文所述的激光雷达传感器/系统320的实例可以包括,但不限于,以下至少一者:LiDARTMHDL-64E 64-通道激光雷达传感器、LiDARTMHDL-32E 32通道激光雷达传感器、LiDARTMPUCKTMVLP-16 16通道激光雷达传感器、LeicaGeosy stems Pegasus:双移动传感器平台、激光雷达-Lite v3测量传感器、Quanergy M8激光雷达传感器、Quanergy S3固态激光雷达传感器、LeddarVU紧凑型固态固定束激光雷达传感器、其他工业等效激光雷达传感器和/或系统,并且可以使用任何已知或未来开发的标准和/或架构在车辆100周围的环境中执行被照明目标和/或障碍物检测。
雷达传感器324可以包括配置为检测车辆100的环境中的物体/目标的一个或多个无线电部件。在一些实施例中,雷达传感器324可以随时间确定与目标相关联的距离、位置和/或运动向量(例如,角度、速度等)。雷达传感器324可以包括配置为产生和发射电磁波(例如,无线电、微波等)的发射器、以及配置为检测返回的电磁波的接收器。在一些实施例中,雷达传感器324可以包括配置为解释返回的电磁波并确定目标的位置特性的至少一个处理器。如本文所述的雷达传感器324的实例可以包括,但不限于,以下至少一者:InfineonRASICTMRTN7735PL发射器与RRN7745PL/46PL接收器传感器、Autoliv ASP车辆雷达传感器、Delphi L2C0051TR 77GHz ESR电子扫描雷达传感器、Fujitsu Ten Ltd.公司汽车紧凑型77GHz 3D电子扫描毫米波雷达传感器、其他工业等效雷达传感器和/或系统,并且可以使用任何已知或未来开发的标准和/或架构在车辆100周围的环境中执行无线电目标/或障碍物检测。
超声传感器328可以包括配置为检测车辆100的环境中的物体/目标的一个或多个部件。在一些实施例中,超声传感器328可以随时间确定与目标相关联的距离、位置和/或运动向量(例如,角度、速度等)。超声传感器328可以包括配置为产生和发射超声并解释那些波的返回回波的超声发射器与接收器、或收发器。在一些实施例中,超声传感器328可以包括配置为解释返回的超声波并确定目标的位置特性的至少一个处理器。如本文所述的超声传感器328的实例可以包括,但不限于,以下至少一者:Texas Instruments TIDA-00151汽车超声传感器接口IC传感器、MB8450超声接近度传感器、ParkSonarTM-EZ超声接近度传感器、Murata Electronics MA40H1 S-R开放式结构超声传感器、Murata Electronics MA40S4R/S开放式结构超声传感器、Murata ElectronicsMA58MF14-7N防水超声传感器、其他工业等效超声传感器和/或系统,并且可以使用任何已知或未来开发的标准和/或架构在车辆100周围的环境中执行超声目标和/或障碍物检测。
相机传感器332可以包括配置为检测与车辆100的环境相关联的图像信息的一个或多个部件。在一些实施例中,相机传感器332可以包括透镜、滤波器、图像传感器和/或数字图像处理器。本披露内容的一方面在于,可以一起使用多个相机传感器332来产生立体图像,从而提供深度测量。如本文所述的相机传感器332的实例可以包括,但不限于,以下至少一者:ONMT9V024全局快门VGA GS CMOS图像传感器、Teledyne DALSAFalcon2相机传感器、CMOSIS CMV50000高速CMOS图像传感器、其他工业等效相机传感器和/或系统,并且可以使用任何已知或未来开发的标准和/或架构在车辆100周围的环境中执行视觉目标和/或障碍物检测。
红外(IR)传感器336可以包括配置为检测与车辆100的环境相关联的图像信息的一个或多个部件。IR传感器336可以配置为在少光、黑暗或不良光照环境中检测目标。IR传感器336可以包括IR发光元件(例如,IR发光二极管(LED)等)和IR光电二极管。在一些实施例中,IR光电二极管可以配置为检测与IR发光元件发射的波长相同或大约相同波长的返回IR光。在一些实施例中,IR传感器336可以包括配置为解释返回的IR光并确定目标的位置特性的至少一个处理器。IR传感器336可以配置为检测和/或测量与目标(例如,物体、行人、其他车辆等)相关联的温度。如本文所述的IR传感器336的实例可以包括,但不限于,以下至少一者:光电二极管铅盐IR阵列传感器、光电二极管OD-850近红外LED传感器、光电二极管SA/SHA727稳态IR发射器与IR检测器、LS微测辐射热计传感器、TacFLIR 380-HD InSb MWIR FPA与HD MWIR热传感器、VOx 640x480像素检测器传感器、DelphiIR传感器、其他工业等效IR传感器和/或系统,并且使用任何已知或未来开发的标准和/或架构在车辆100周围的环境中执行IR视觉目标和/或障碍物检测。
在一些实施例中,驾驶车辆传感器和系统304可以包括其他传感器338和/或上述传感器308至336的组合。另外地或替代性地,上述传感器308至336中的一个或多个传感器可以包括配置为处理和/或解释由一个或多个传感器308至336检测到的信号的一个或多个处理器。在一些实施例中,由车辆传感器和系统304提供的至少一些传感器信息的处理可以由至少一个传感器处理器340来处理。原始的和/或经处理的传感器数据可以存储在传感器数据存储器344存储介质中。在一些实施例中,传感器数据存储器344可以存储由传感器处理器340用来处理由传感器和系统304提供的传感器信息的指令。在任何情况下,传感器数据存储器344可以是磁盘驱动器、光学存储装置、诸如随机存取存储器(“RAM”)和/或只读存储器(“ROM”)的固态存储装置,它们可以是可编程的、可闪存更新的和/或类似的。
车辆控制系统348可以从传感器处理器340接收经处理的传感器信息,并且确定要控制车辆100的某个方面。控制车辆100的某个方面可以包括经由与车辆相关联的一个或多个显示装置372来呈现信息、向与车辆相关联的一个或多个计算装置368发送命令、和/或控制车辆的驾驶操作。在一些实施例中,车辆控制系统348可以对应于根据上述驾驶自主性级别来控制车辆100的驾驶操作的一个或多个计算系统。在一个实施例中,车辆控制系统348可以通过控制给车辆的加速度计和/或制动系统的输出信号来操作车辆100的速度。在这个实例中,车辆控制系统348可以接收描述车辆100周围的环境的传感器数据,并且基于所接收的传感器数据来确定要调整车辆100的加速度、动力输出和/或制动。车辆控制系统348可以另外控制车辆100的转向和/或其他驾驶功能。
车辆控制系统348可以与驾驶传感器和系统304实时地通信,从而形成反馈环路。特别地,在接收到描述车辆100周围环境中的目标状况的传感器信息时,车辆控制系统348可以自主地改变车辆100的驾驶操作。然后,车辆控制系统348可以接收描述由于改变了驾驶操作而对在环境中检测到的目标状况的任何改变的后续传感器信息。这种观察(例如,经由传感器等)和动作(例如,车辆操作的所选控制或非控制等)的连续循环允许车辆100在环境中自主地操作。
在一些实施例中,车辆100的一个或多个部件(例如,驾驶车辆传感器304、车辆控制系统348、显示装置372等)可以经由车辆100的通信子系统350通过通信网络352与一个或多个实体356A至356N通信。结合图5更详细地描述通信子系统350的实施例。例如,导航传感器308可以接收来自导航源356A的全球定位、位置和/或导航信息。在一些实施例中,仅举几个实例,导航源356A可以是与NAVSTAR GPS、GLONASS、EU Galileo和/或北斗导航卫星系统(BDS)类似(如果不相同的话)的全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)。
在一些实施例中,车辆控制系统348可以接收来自一个或多个控制源356B的控制信息。控制源356可以提供车辆控制信息,包括自主驾驶控制命令、车辆操作超驰控制命令等。控制源356可以对应于自主车辆控制系统、交通控制系统、行政控制实体、和/或一些其他控制服务器。本披露内容的一方面在于,车辆控制系统348和/或车辆100的其他部件可以通过通信网络352并且经由通信子系统350与控制源356交换讯息。
与控制车辆100的驾驶操作相关联的信息可以存储在控制数据存储器364存储介质中。控制数据存储器364可以存储由车辆控制系统348用来控制车辆100的驾驶操作的指令、历史控制信息、自主驾驶控制规则等。在一些实施例中,控制数据存储器364可以是磁盘驱动器、光学存储装置、诸如随机存取存储器(“RAM”)和/或只读存储器(“ROM”)的固态存储装置,它们可以是可编程的、可闪存更新的和/或类似的。
传感器清洁系统370可以包括配置为清洁车辆100的传感器(例如,驾驶车辆传感器和系统304、测距和成像系统112、传感器116A至116K等、和/或其组合)的任何装置和/或系统。在一些实施例中,可以结合图16A至图19C描述传感器清洁系统370。另外地或替代性地,传感器清洁系统370可以从传感器处理器340、车辆控制系统348等接收命令或指令,以启动一个或多个传感器的清洁操作。响应于传感器处理器340和/或车辆控制系统348检测到车辆100的至少一个传感器随时间被挡住、遮蔽、遮挡和/或失效,可以启动清洁操作。在一些实施例中,传感器清洁系统370可以包括配置为与车辆100的一个或多个部件通信的处理器和存储器或控制器。传感器清洁系统可以包括与车辆100的各种传感器相关联的一个或多个清洁装置。本披露内容的一方面在于,可以根据结合图14和图15披露的方法1400、1500中的一种或多种方法来检测传感器表面上的物体。
除了本文描述的机械部件之外,车辆100还可以包括多个用户界面装置。用户界面装置接收人为输入并将其转换为机械运动或电信号或刺激。人为输入可以是以下一者或多者:运动(例如,在二维或三维空间中的身体运动、身体部位运动等)、语音、触摸、和/或与车辆100的部件的物理交互。在一些实施例中,人为输入可以配置为控制本文描述的车辆100和/或车辆100的系统的一个或多个功能。用户界面可以包括,但不限于,以下各项的至少一个图形用户界面:显示装置、方向盘或转向机构、变速器杠杆或按钮(例如,包括停车位置、空档位置、倒车位置和/或驾驶位置等)、油门控制踏板或机构、制动器控制踏板或机构、动力控制开关、通信设备等。
图4示出了车辆100的仪表板400的一个实施例。车辆100的仪表板400包括:方向盘410、车辆操作显示器420(例如,配置为呈现和/或显示驾驶数据,诸如速度、测量到的空气阻力、车辆信息、娱乐信息等)、一个或多个辅助显示器424(例如,配置为呈现和/或显示从操作显示器420、娱乐应用、电影、音乐等分离的信息)、抬头显示器434(例如,配置为显示先前描述的任何信息,包括但不限于,诸如到目的地的路线的引导信息、或用于警告潜在碰撞的障碍物警告信息、或者诸如速度、阻力等一些或全部主要车辆操作数据)、电力管理显示器428(例如,配置为显示与车辆100的电力水平、备用电力、充电状态等相对应的数据)、以及输入装置432(例如,控制器、触摸屏或配置为与仪表板或车辆100的部件中的一个或多个显示器对接的其他接口装置。输入装置432可以配置为操纵杆、鼠标、触摸板、平板电脑、3D手势捕获装置等)。在一些实施例中,输入装置432可以用于手动操纵车辆100的一部分进入充电位置(例如,将充电板移动到希望的分隔距离等)。
虽然仪表板400的一个或多个显示器可以是触摸屏显示器,但是应当理解,车辆操作显示器可以是不能接收触摸输入的显示器。例如,横跨内部空间中心线404并跨越第一区408A和第二区408B的操作显示器420可以与接收来自触摸的输入、尤其是接收来自乘客的输入隔离。在一些情况下,提供车辆操作或关键系统信息和界面的显示器可以被约束而无法接收触摸输入和/或配置为非触摸显示器。这种类型的配置可以防止在提供触摸输入时的危险错误,其中这种输入可能导致事故或不需要的控制。
在一些实施例中,仪表板400的一个或多个显示器可以是移动装置和/或驻留在诸如智能电话的移动装置上的应用。另外地或替代性地,本文描述的任何信息可以呈现给操作显示器420的一个或多个部分420A至420N或其他显示器424、428、434。在一个实施例中,仪表板400的一个或多个显示器可以与仪表板400物理地分离或拆卸。在一些情况下,可拆卸的显示器可以保持系到仪表板。
操作显示器420的部分420A至420N可以动态地重新配置和/或调整大小以适应所描述的任何信息显示。另外地或替代性地,用于经由操作显示器420可视地呈现信息的部分420A至420N的数量可以根据需要动态地增加或减少,并且不限于所示的配置。
图5示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的可以可选地与车辆100相关联的通信部件的硬件图。
通信部件可以包括一个或多个有线或无线装置,诸如(一个或多个)收发器和/或调制解调器,其不仅允许本文披露的各种系统之间的通信而且还允许与诸如网络上的装置和/或诸如互联网等分布式网络上和/或云中的装置等其他装置和/或与(一个或多个)其他车辆通信。
通信子系统350还可以包括车辆间和车辆内通信能力,诸如用于车辆乘员和/或车辆到车辆通信中的任何一者或多者的热点和/或接入点连接。
另外地,并且虽然未具体示出,但通信子系统350可以包括一个或多个通信链路(其可以是有线或无线的)和/或通信总线(由总线管理器574管理),包括以下一者或多者:CANbus、OBD-II、ARCINC 429、Byteflight、CAN(控制器局域网)、D2B(国内数字总线)、FlexRay、DC-BUS、IDB-1394、IEBus、I2C、ISO 9141-1/-2、J1708、J1587、J1850、J1939、ISO11783、关键字协议2000、LIN(本地互连网络)、MOST(媒体导向系统传输)、多功能车辆总线、SMART wireX、SPI、VAN(车辆局域网)等、或者通常任何通信协议和/或(一种或多种)标准。
各种协议和通信可以无线地和/或通过传输介质中的一者或多者进行通信,所述传输介质诸如单线、双绞线、光纤、IEEE 1394、MIL-STD-1553、MIL-STD-1773、电力线通信等。(所有上述标准和协议均通过引用以其全文并入本文)。
如所讨论,通信子系统350实现任何车辆间系统和子系统之间的通信以及与非并置资源的通信,诸如通过诸如互联网等网络可获得的那些资源。
除了众所周知的部件(为清楚起见而省略)之外,通信子系统350还包括互连元件,包括以下一者或多者:一个或多个天线504、交织器/解交织器508、模拟前端(AFE)512、存储器/存储设备/高速缓存516、控制器/微处理器520、MAC电路系统522、调制器/解调器524、编码器/解码器528、多个连接性管理器534、558、562、566、GPU 540、加速器544、复用器/解复用器552、发射器570、接收器572、以及无线电578部件、诸如Wi-Fi模块580、Wi-Fi/BT MAC模块584、发射器588和接收器592。装置350中的各种元件通过一个或多个链路/总线5(同样为了清楚起见而未示出)进行连接。
装置350可以具有一个或多个天线504,以用于无线通信,诸如多输入多输出(MIMO)通信、多用户多输入多输出(MU-MIMO)通信LTE、4G、5G、近场通信(NFC)等,并且通常用于任何类型的无线通信。(一个或多个)天线504可以包括,但不限于,以下一者或多者:定向天线、全向天线、单极天线、贴片天线、环形天线、微带天线、偶极天线、以及适于通信发射/接收的任何其他天线(一个或多个)。在示例性实施例中,使用MIMO的发射/接收可能需要特定的天线间隔。在另一示例性实施例中,MIMO发射/接收可以实现空间分集,从而允许每个天线处的不同信道特性。在又一个实施例中,MIMO发射/接收可以用于将资源分配给例如在车辆100内和/或另一车辆中的多个用户。
(一个或多个)天线504通常与模拟前端(AFE)512交互,这对于实现正确处理接收到的调制信号并对发射的信号进行信号调整来说是需要的。AFE 512可以在功能上位于天线与数字基带系统之间,以便将模拟信号转换为数字信号以进行处理,反之亦然。
子系统350还可以包括控制器/微处理器520和存储器/存储设备/高速缓存516。子系统350可以与存储器/存储设备/高速缓存516交互,所述存储器/存储设备/高速缓存可以存储对于配置和发射或接收本文描述的信息来说必要的信息和操作。存储器/存储设备/高速缓存516还可以与控制器/微处理器520执行应用编程或指令结合使用,并且用于程序指令和/或数据的临时或长期存储。作为实例,存储器/存储设备/高速缓存520可以包括计算机可读装置、RAM、ROM、DRAM、SDRAM和/或其他存储装置(一个或多个)和介质。
控制器/微处理器520可以包括通用可编程处理器或控制器,以用于执行与子系统350相关的应用编程或指令。此外,控制器/微处理器520可以执行用于配置和发射/接收信息的操作,如本文所述。控制器/微处理器520可以包括多个处理器核和/或实施多个虚拟处理器。可选地,控制器/微处理器520可以包括多个物理处理器。作为实例,控制器/微处理器520可以包括专门配置的专用集成电路(ASIC)或其他集成电路、数字信号处理器(一个或多个)、控制器、硬连线电子或逻辑电路、可编程逻辑装置或门阵列、专用计算机等。
子系统350还可以包括发射器570和接收器572,它们可以使用一个或多个天线504和/或链路/总线分别向其他装置、子系统和/或其他目的地发射信号和从其接收信号。子系统350电路系统中包括介质访问控制或MAC电路系统522。MAC电路系统522提供用于控制对无线介质的访问。在示例性实施例中,MAC电路系统522可以被布置为争夺无线介质并且对通过有线/无线介质传送的帧或分组进行配置。
子系统350还可以可选地包含安全模块(未示出)。这个安全模块可以包含关于但不限于将装置连接到一个或多个其他装置或其他可用网络(一个或多个)所需的安全参数的信息,并且可以包括WEP或WPA/WPA-2(可选地+AES和/或TKIP)安全访问密钥、网络密钥等。WEP安全访问密钥是Wi-Fi网络使用的安全密码。直到这个码可以使得无线装置能够与接入点和/或另一装置交换信息。信息交换可以通过编码消息进行,其中WEP访问码通常由网络管理员选择。WPA是也与网络连接结合使用的附加安全标准,其中加密比WEP更强。
在一些实施例中,通信子系统350还包括GPU 540、加速器544、Wi-Fi/BT/BLE PHY模块580和Wi-Fi/BT/BLE MAC模块584、以及无线发射器588和接收器592。在一些实施例中,GPU 540可以是包括至少一个电路和/或芯片的图形处理单元或视觉处理单元,其操纵和改变存储器以加速帧缓冲器中的图像的创建以便输出到至少一个显示装置。GPU 540可以包括以下一者或多者:显示装置连接端口、印刷电路板(PCB)、GPU芯片、金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)、存储器(例如,单倍数据速率随机存取存储器(SDRAM)、双倍数据速率随机存取存储器(DDR)RAM等、和/或其组合)、辅助处理芯片(例如,处理视频输出能力、处理和/或除了GPU芯片之外的其他功能等)、电容器、散热器、温度控制或冷却风扇、母板连接、屏蔽等。
各种连接性管理器534、558、562、566管理和/或协调子系统350与本文披露的一个或多个系统以及一个或多个其他装置/系统之间的通信。连接性管理器534、558、562、566包括充电连接性管理器534、车辆数据库连接性管理器558、远程操作系统连接性管理器562、以及传感器连接性管理器566。
充电连接性管理器534不仅可以协调车辆100与充电装置/车辆之间的物理连接性,而且还可以与电力管理控制器、一个或多个第三方以及可选地计费系统(一个或多个)中的一者或多者通信。作为实例,车辆100可以与充电装置/车辆建立通信以进行以下一者或多者:协调两者间的互连性(例如,通过将车辆上的充电插座与充电车辆上的充电器空间对准),以及可选地共享导航信息。一旦完成充电,就可以跟踪所提供的充电量并且可选地将其转发给例如第三方以进行计费。除了能够管理用于交换电力的连接性之外,充电连接性管理器534还可以将诸如计费信息等信息传送给充电车辆和/或第三方。这个计费信息可以是例如车辆的所有者、车辆的驾驶员/乘员(一个或多个)、公司信息、或者通常可用于针对所接收的电力向适当的实体收费的任何信息。
车辆数据库连接性管理器558允许子系统接收和/或共享存储在车辆数据库中的信息。这个信息可以与其他车辆部件/子系统和/或诸如第三方和/或充电系统等其他实体共享。所述信息还可以与一个或多个车辆乘员装置共享,诸如驾驶员用于跟踪关于车辆100和/或经销商或服务/维护提供商的信息的移动装置上的应用程序(应用)。通常,存储在车辆数据库中的任何信息可以可选地与可选地受到任何隐私或机密约束的任何一个或多个其他装置共享。
远程操作系统连接性管理器562促进车辆100与任何一个或多个自主车辆系统之间的通信。这些通信可以包括以下一者或多者:导航信息、车辆信息、其他车辆信息、天气信息、乘员信息、或者通常与车辆100的远程操作有关的任何信息。
传感器连接性管理器566促进任何一个或多个车辆传感器(例如,驾驶车辆传感器和系统304等)与任何一个或多个其他车辆系统之间的通信。传感器连接性管理器566还可以促进任何一个或多个传感器和/或车辆系统与任何其他目的地之间的通信,诸如服务公司、应用程序、或者通常地,需要传感器数据的任何目的地。
根据一个示例性实施例,可以经由用于充电的导体(一个或多个)来传送本文讨论的任何通信。可用于这些通信的一个示例性协议是电力线通信(PLC)。PLC是使用电线同时携载数据以及交流(AC)电力传输或电力分配的通信协议。它也被称为电力线载波、电力线数字订户线(PDSL)、电源通信、电力线通信、或电力线联网(PLN)。对于车辆中的DC环境,PLC可以与CAN总线、电力线上的LIN总线(DC-LIN)和DC-BUS结合使用。
通信子系统还可以可选地管理与车辆和其中的一个或其他系统或子系统或部件相关联的一个或多个标识符,诸如IP(网际协议)地址(一个或多个)。这些标识符可以与本文讨论的任何一个或多个连接性管理器结合使用。
图6示出了可以用作本文提供和描述的服务器、用户计算机或其他系统的计算环境600的框图。计算环境600包括一个或多个用户计算机或计算装置,诸如车辆计算装置604、通信装置608和/或更多装置612。计算装置604、608、612可以包括通用个人计算机(仅作为实例,包括运行各种版本的微软公司的和/或苹果公司的操作系统的个人计算机和/或膝上型计算机)和/或运行各种可商购的或类UNIX操作系统中的任一种的工作站计算机。这些计算装置604、608、612还可以具有各种应用中的任一种,包括例如数据库客户端和/或服务器应用以及网络浏览器应用。替代性地,计算装置604、608、612可以是能够经由网络352进行通信和/或显示和导航网页或其他类型的电子文档的任何其他电子装置,诸如瘦客户端计算机、支持互联网的移动电话和/或个人数字助理。尽管示出了具有两个计算装置的示例性计算环境600,但可以支持任何数量的用户计算机或计算装置。
计算环境600还可以包括一个或多个服务器614、616。在这个实例中,服务器614被示为网络服务器,并且服务器616被示为应用服务器。网络服务器614可以用于处理来自计算装置604、608、612的针对网页或其他电子文档的请求。网络服务器614可以运行操作系统,包括上面讨论的那些中的任一操作系统以及任何可商购的服务器操作系统。网络服务器614还可以运行各种服务器应用,包括SIP(会话发起协议)服务器、HTTP(HTTPs)服务器、FTP服务器、CGI服务器、数据库服务器、Java服务器等。在一些情况下,网络服务器614可以将操作可用操作发布为一个或多个网络服务。
计算环境600还可以包括一个或多个文件和/或应用服务器616,所述服务器除了操作系统之外还可以包括可由在计算装置604、608、612中的一个或多个计算装置上运行的客户端访问的一个或多个应用。(一个或多个)服务器616和/或614可以是能够响应于计算装置604、608、612而执行程序或脚本的一个或多个通用计算机。作为一个实例,服务器616、614可以执行一个或多个网络应用。网络应用可以被实施为用诸如JavaTM、C、或C++等任何编程语言和/或诸如Perl、Python或TCL等任何脚本语言以及任何编程/脚本语言的组合编写的一个或多个脚本或程序。(一个或多个)应用服务器616还可以包括数据库服务器,包括但不限于可从 等商购的那些数据库服务器,其可以处理来自在计算装置604、608、612上运行的数据库客户端的请求。
由服务器614和/或616创建的网页可以经由网络(文件)服务器614、616转发到计算装置604、608、612。类似地,网络服务器614可以能够从计算装置604、608、612(例如,用户计算机等)接收网页请求、网络服务调用和/或输入数据,并且可以将网页请求和/或输入数据转发到网络(应用)服务器616。在另外的实施例中,服务器616可以用作文件服务器。尽管为了便于描述,图6示出了单独的网络服务器614和文件/应用服务器616,但是本领域技术人员将认识到,关于服务器614、616描述的功能可以由单个服务器和/或多个专用服务器执行,具体取决于特定于实现方式的需求和参数。计算机系统604、608、612、网络(文件)服务器614和/或网络(应用)服务器616可以用作图1至图6中描述的系统、装置或部件。
计算环境600还可以包括数据库618。数据库618可以驻留在各种位置。作为实例,数据库618可以驻留在一个或多个计算机604、608、612、614、616的本地(和/或驻留在其中)的存储介质上。替代性地,它可以远离任何或所有计算机604、608、612、614、616,并且与这些计算机中的一个或多个计算机通信(例如,经由网络352)。数据库618可以驻留在本领域技术人员熟悉的存储区域网(“SAN”)中。类似地,用于执行归属于计算机604、608、612、614、616的功能的任何必要文件可以视情况而本地存储在相应计算机上和/或远程地存储。数据库618可以是适于响应于SQL格式的命令而存储、更新和检索数据的关系数据库,诸如Oracle
图7示出了计算机系统700的一个实施例,其上可以部署或执行上述服务器、用户计算机、计算装置或者其他系统或部件。计算机系统700被示出为包括可以经由总线704电联接的硬件元件。硬件元件可以包括一个或多个中央处理单元(CPU)708;一个或多个输入装置712(例如,鼠标、键盘等);以及一个或多个输出装置716(例如,显示装置、打印机等)。计算机系统700还可以包括一个或多个存储装置720。作为实例,(一个或多个)存储装置720可以是磁盘驱动器、光学存储装置、诸如随机存取存储器(“RAM”)和/或只读存储器(“ROM”)的固态存储装置,它们可以是可编程的、可闪存更新的和/或类似的。
计算机系统700可以另外包括计算机可读存储介质读取器724;通信系统728(例如,调制解调器、网卡(无线或有线)、红外通信装置等);以及工作存储器736,其可以包括如上所述的RAM和ROM装置。计算机系统700还可以包括处理加速单元732,其可以包括DSP、专用处理器和/或类似物。
计算机可读存储介质读取器724可以进一步连接到计算机可读存储介质,它们一起(并且可选地,结合(一个或多个)存储装置720)全面地表示远程、本地、固定和/或可移动存储装置加上用于临时和/或更永久地容纳计算机可读信息的存储介质。通信系统728可以允许与上文关于本文描述的计算机环境描述的网络和/或任何其他计算机交换数据。此外,如本文所披露,术语“存储介质”可以表示用于存储数据的一个或多个装置,包括只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)、磁RAM、磁心存储器、磁盘存储介质、光学存储介质、闪存装置和/或用于存储信息的其他机器可读介质。
计算机系统700还可以包括被示出为当前位于工作存储器736内的软件元件,包括操作系统740和/或其他代码744。应当理解,计算机系统700的替代实施例可以具有与上述不同的许多变型。例如,也可以使用定制硬件和/或可以在硬件、软件(包括便携式软件,诸如小应用程序)或两者中实施特定元件。此外,可以采用到诸如网络输入/输出装置等其他计算装置的连接。
如本文所述的处理器340、708的实例可以包括,但不限于,以下至少一者:800和801、具有4G LTE集成和64位运算的 620和615、具有64位架构的A7处理器、M7运动协处理器、系列、CoreTM系列处理器、系列处理器、AtomTM系列处理器、Intel系列处理器、i5-4670K和i7-4770K 22nm Haswell、i5-3570K 22nm Ivy Bridge、FXTM系列处理器、FX-4300、FX-6300和FX-835032nm Vishera、Kaveri处理器、TexasJacinto C6000TM汽车信息娱乐处理器、TexasOMAPTM汽车级移动处理器、CortexTM-M处理器、Cortex-A与ARM926EJ-STM处理器、其他工业等效处理器,并且可以使用任何已知或未来开发的标准、指令集、库和/或架构来执行计算功能。
图8A和图8B示出了与车辆100的具有至少部分遮挡的部分(例如,车辆100的前部110和车顶130等)相关联的各种传感器112、116A、116B、116F。遮挡和/或挡住可以与附接到传感器表面和/或与传感器表面接触的物体相关联。这个物体可以是流体、固体、蒸汽等和/或其组合的形式。物体的实例可以包括,但不限于:血液、化学物质、碎片、碎屑、污垢、灰尘、食物、霜、冰雹、冰、昆虫、泥、油漆、抛射物、垃圾、雨夹雪、雪、焦油、废物等、由抛射物和/或碰撞引起的损坏表面(例如,划痕、碎片、凹痕等)、和/或其组合。在一些实施例中,物体可以部分地和/或完全地遮挡传感器或一组传感器(例如,链接的传感器、组合的检测传感器等)的感测能力(例如,观察、检测、测距、成像等)。在一些实施例中,传感器可以由传感器处理器340分组在一起,并且来自该组传感器的输出可以用于随时间而生成该组传感器的复合传感器输出。
参考图8A,示出了车辆100的前部110,其中传感器116B至少部分地被物体804A遮挡。如图8A所示,车辆100的第一车辆部分800A可以包括多个传感器116B、116C。在一些实施例中,这些传感器116B、116C可以对应于如结合图1和图2描述的无线电物体检测和测距系统传感器116B(例如,雷达、RF等)以及超声传感器116C。虽然图8A中示出物体在无线电物体检测和测距系统传感器116B上,但是应当理解,传感器遮挡物体可以在本文描述的任何传感器上并且不限于所示的实例。图8A的物体804A被示出为遮挡传感器116B的传感器表面808的上部部分。在一个实施例中,这种类型的部分传感器遮挡(例如,物体804B)可以与例如传感器表面808上的泥或雪相关联。
图8B示出了具有多个被遮挡的传感器112、116F的车辆100的顶部或车顶130。在一些实施例中,与车辆100相关联的传感器(例如,测距和成像系统112、成像传感器116F等)中的一个或多个传感器可以在某种程度上被遮挡,而其他传感器(例如,成像传感器116A)可以未被遮挡。第二车辆部分800B示出测距和成像系统112(例如,激光雷达传感器/系统112、320)的传感器表面(例如,透镜、盖子、保护罩等)至少部分地被物体804B遮挡。如图8B所示,物体804B与主体814或壳体以及测距和成像系统112的传感器表面812的一部分重叠。在一个实施例中,这种类型的部分传感器遮挡(例如,物体804B)可以与例如传感器表面812上的碎屑(例如,鸟粪、树液等)相关联。
在一些实施例中,物体804C可以完全地遮挡和/或挡住车辆100的传感器(例如,成像传感器116F)。例如,图8B示出了具有完全被遮挡的传感器表面816的成像传感器116F(例如,相机、IR传感器等)。在一些实施例中,物体804C可以覆盖整个传感器116F和/或传感器主体818。在一个实施例中,这种类型的完整传感器表面816遮挡(例如,物体804C)可以与例如覆盖传感器表面816的雪、冰、冰雹或垃圾(例如,塑料袋、纸等)相关联。
图9A至图9C示出了车辆100的不同传感器(例如,第一传感器、第二传感器和第三传感器等)随时间检测到的传感器信息的图形表示901至903。如本文所提供,术语传感器可以用于指代车辆100的任何传感器(例如,驾驶车辆传感器和系统304、测距和成像系统112、传感器116A至116K等)或传感器的组合。如图9A至图9C所示,每个图形表示901至903包括图表,其具有原点904(或第一检测点)、终点906(或最后检测点)、随时间的输出(或许多输出)908A至908C(例如,波形)、表示与检测到的传感器信息相关联的强度的竖直轴912、表示与每个输出相关联的时间的横轴916。
第一检测点904可以对应于传感器开始检测(例如,提供检测信息等)的时间点。在一些情况下,第一检测点904可以对应于检测到的传感器信息的经分析部分的第一点。在这个实例中,第一检测点904可以不是传感器开始检测的时间点,而可以是被限定用于或传感器处理器340自动地选择用于确定传感器测量车辆100的环境的能力的点。
最后检测点906可以对应于传感器停止检测(例如,停止提供检测信息)的时间点。在一些情况下,最后检测点906可以对应于检测到的传感器信息的经分析部分的最后点。在这个实例中,最后检测点906可以不是传感器停止检测的时间点,而可以是被限定用于或传感器处理器340自动地选择用于确定传感器测量车辆100的环境的能力的最后点。
随时间的输出908A至908C可以对应于随时间检测到的传感器信息的强度或测量单位(例如,范围、距离、速度、飞行时间等)。在一些实施例中,随时间的输出908A至908C可以包括在第一检测点904和最后检测点906内的时刻的多个输出。随着感测环境随时间变化(例如,随着目标相对于传感器移动),检测到的传感器信息的强度可以改变。例如,当车辆100接近车辆100前方110的十字路口和目标时,雷达传感器116B可以通过在车辆100操作的多个不同时刻记录强度或测量单位来确定到目标的距离。在这个实例中,随着车辆100接近目标,到目标的距离随时间而减小。在输出强度或测量单位是与发射和感测值相关联的飞行时间的情况下,图形表示901至903将表明,与在第二或后续时刻(例如,当车辆100和传感器更靠近目标时)的输出的高度相比,在第一时刻的输出更高(例如,指示传感器发射花费很长时间返回到传感器)。在输出强度或测量单位是返回的传感器信号的强度的情况下,图形表示901至903将表明,与在第二或后续时刻(例如,当车辆100和传感器更靠近目标并且从返回信号测量的传感器信号强度更接近发射的信号强度时)处的输出的高度相比,在第一时刻的输出更短(例如,指示从返回信号测量的传感器信号强度从发射的信号强度减少了一定量,因为目标在第一时刻离得更远)。在任何情况下,到目标的范围的变化可以被示为与随时间的输出908A至908C相关联地改变强度的传感器输出。
图9A示出了车辆100的第一传感器的随时间的输出908A的图形表示901。如图9A所示,随时间的输出908A可以包括针对横轴916中的一个或多个时刻的沿着竖直轴912的强度或测量单位的不同水平。图9B示出了车辆100的第二传感器的随时间的输出908B的图形表示902。如图9A至图9B所示,第一传感器和第二传感器的随时间的输出908A、908B基本上相似(如果不相同的话)。在一些实施例中,第一传感器和第二传感器可以是相同类型的传感器(例如,成像和测距系统112、传感器116A至116K、激光雷达320、雷达324、超声328、相机332、红外(IR)336和/或其他传感器或系统338等)。例如,第一传感器和第二传感器可以是雷达传感器324。每当随时间的输出908A、908B在车辆100上的相同类型和/或位置的传感器之间基本上相似时,就可以确定传感器具有相同的操作特性或能力。在一个实施例中,这种相似性可以指示传感器未被任何物体遮挡。
图9C示出了车辆100的第三传感器的随时间的输出908C的图形表示903。在一些实施例中,第一传感器和/或第二传感器中的一个或多个传感器可以与车辆100的第三类型的传感器不同。例如,第三相同类型的传感器可以是车辆100的成像传感器116A、116F、332、336(例如,相机等)。尽管随时间的输出908C被示意性地表示为2D波形,但是应当理解,视觉数据不必如此限制。在任何情况下,第三传感器输出的随时间的输出908C被示出为随时间改变(例如,强度和/或测量单位的改变,如上所述)。
图10示出了图形表示1001,示出了在相同时间段内车辆100的三个传感器的重叠的随时间的输出908B、908C、1008的实例。如上所述,本文描述的方法和系统可以利用与图9A至图10中所示类似(如果不相同的话)的传感器检测信息(例如,与一个或多个传感器相关联以检测传感器遮挡,包括在传感器表面上、与之接触或作为其部分的物体。例如,图10的图形表示1001示出了被挡住的第一传感器随时间的输出1008的实例。可以通过比较相同时间段内的类似传感器(例如,第二传感器)的随时间的输出908B来确定图10中的第一传感器被挡住。用虚线示出第二传感器的随时间的输出908B,它与被挡住的第一传感器的随时间的输出1008重叠。在这个示例性图形表示1001中,可以在曲线图的不一致区域1002上确定或观察到随时间的输出1008、908B之间的差异。如图10所示,第一传感器和第二传感器提供在所述时间段的第一部分(例如,在所述时间部分上类似的随时间的输出1008、908B)类似(如果不相同的话)的检测到的传感器信息。然而,对于所述时间段的相同剩余部分,当与第二传感器的随时间的输出908B进行比较时,第一传感器在不一致区域1002上提供不同的检测到的传感器信息(例如,随时间的输出1008)。
在一些实施例中,随时间的输出1008、908B之间的差异可以指示车辆100的至少一个传感器被遮挡和/或无功能。本披露内容的一方面在于,一个或多个特定传感器可以被识别为被遮挡的一个或多个传感器。这种识别可以包括参考与车辆100的传感器相关联的信号特征、强度、测量值等。在一个实施例中,传感器处理器340可以根据预测或预设的阈值而确定来自传感中的一个传感器的检测到的传感器信息没有改变。检测到的传感器信息的这种变化的缺乏可以指示传感器在一段时间或在一段时间内被完全遮挡或挡住。
在一些实施例中,传感器处理器340可以确定当与至少一个其他传感器(例如,不同类型的传感器、第三传感器等)的检测到的传感器信息进行比较时,根据至少一个其他传感器的变化特性,来自传感器中的一个传感器的检测到的传感器信息没有改变。例如,提供随时间的输出908C的第三传感器可以在车辆100上以与具有随时间的输出1008、908B的第一传感器和/或第二传感器类似的位置定向(例如,感测车辆100周围的环境中、在车辆100的特定侧、区域或区处等的移动、目标或变化)。在这个实例中,传感器处理器340可以确定第二传感器随时间的输出908B和第三传感器随时间的输出908C虽然不一定相同但指示所感的环境中的相关随时间的变化。另外地或替代性地,传感器处理器340可以确定第一传感器随时间的输出1008和第三传感器随时间的输出908C至少在一部分时间(例如,不一致区域1002)上没有关系。在一些实施例中,传感器处理器340可以使用这个变化信息关系来唯一地识别一个或多个传感器中的被遮挡的传感器。
图11示出了图形表示1101,示出了在相同时间段内车辆100的多个传感器的重叠的随时间的输出1108、908B的实例。如上所述,本文描述的方法和系统可以利用与图9A至图11中所示类似(如果不相同的话)的传感器检测信息(例如,与一个或多个传感器相关联以检测传感器遮挡,包括在传感器表面上、与之接触或作为其部分的物体。在一个实例中,传感器可能被灰尘或碎屑遮挡,并且可以提供以某种方式受损的信息(例如,不如干净的传感器那样精确、传感器的范围受限等)。例如,图11的图形表示1101示出了被遮挡的第一传感器随时间的输出1108的实例。可以通过将相同时间段内的类似传感器(例如,第二传感器)的随时间的输出908B与第一传感器的随时间的输出1108进行比较来确定图11中的第一传感器被遮挡。用虚线示出第二传感器的随时间的输出908B,它与被遮挡的第一传感器的随时间的输出1108重叠。在这个示例性图形表示1101中,可以在曲线图的不一致区域1102或测量变化上确定或观察到随时间的输出1108、908B之间的差异。如图11所示,第一传感器和第二传感器提供在所述时间段内类似(如果不相同的话)的检测到的传感器信息(例如,类似的随时间的输出1108、908B)。然而,当与同一时间段内的第二传感器的随时间的输出908B进行比较时,第一传感器在该时间段内提供检测到的传感器信息(例如,随时间的输出1108)的缩放(例如,减小、缩小、不太精确等)测量变化1102。在一些实施例中,测量变化1102可以归因于目标与特定传感器的接近度,但是当测量变化1102(例如,测量偏移等)在一段时间内进行的所有测量上基本一致时,可以确定传感器(至少部分地)被遮挡。在图11中,例如,提供趋缓的强度或测量值(例如,缩小、降低或减小的值等)的传感器可以被确定为被遮挡的传感器。
参考图12A至图12C,示出了由车辆100的至少一个成像系统检测到的成像传感器信息1201至1203的示意图,所述成像传感器信息描述了随时间(T1至T3)变化(例如,当车辆100正在驾驶时等)的视觉环境(例如,在车辆100处或周围的某个点处)。在一些实施例中,成像系统可以是上述成像传感器116A、116F、332、336(例如,相机等)中的一个或多个成像传感器。12A至12C的示意图示出了计算机生成的图像1201至1203,所述图像包括在车辆100沿着路径1206或道路操作时被检测为在形状、大小、范围和/或几何形状上变化的一个或多个目标1204A至1204E。
图12A示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的由车辆100的成像系统在第一行进时刻T1检测到的成像传感器信息1201的示意图。在一些实施例中,车辆100可以正沿着街道、道路或其他驾驶路径1204驾驶。在车辆100正在驾驶时,成像系统可以在视觉上检测成像系统的感测区域中的描述(例如,视觉上)车辆100外部的环境的目标。环境可以包括道路1206上的第一目标1204A(例如,另一车辆、行人、物体等),和/或一个或多个其他目标1204B至1204E(例如,建筑物、地标、标识、标记等)。
在车辆100沿着路径1206移动时,与目标1204A至1204E相关联的视觉特性可以在第二时刻T2变化。图12B示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的由车辆100的成像系统在第二行进时刻T2检测到的成像传感器信息1202的示意图。在图12B中,到所有目标1204A至1204E的范围已经改变。例如,车辆目标1204和建筑物目标1204B、1204D、1204E的大小和形状在第二时刻T2的尺寸增加,而建筑物目标1204C被示为移出图像。
随着车辆100在后续时刻继续沿着路径1206移动,与目标1204A至1204E相关联的视觉特性可以继续改变。在图12C中,示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的由车辆100的成像系统在第三行进时刻T3检测到的成像传感器信息1203的示意图。图12C示出了目标信息已经改变以包括与一些目标相关联的更大的形状和大小,而其他目标已完全移出图像。例如,车辆目标1204和建筑物目标1204B的形状和大小已经增加,而建筑物目标1204D被示为移出图像并且建筑物目标1204C、1204E已完全移出图像。在一些实施例中,图12A至图12C示出了未被遮挡的成像系统和/或传感器的随时间(例如,T1至T3)变化的成像传感器信息。
图13A至图13C示出了由车辆100的至少一个成像系统检测的被遮挡的成像传感器信息1301至1303的示意图,所述被遮挡的成像传感器信息描述了随时间(T1至T3)变化(例如,当车辆100正在驾驶时等)的视觉环境(例如,在车辆100处或周围的某个点处)。在一些实施例中,成像系统可以是上述成像传感器116A、116F、332、336(例如,相机等)中的一个或多个成像传感器。13A至13C的示意图示出了计算机生成的图像1301至1303,所述图像包括在车辆100沿着路径1202或道路操作时被检测为在形状、大小、范围和/或几何形状上变化的一个或多个目标1204A至1204C以及不改变的图像的区域。
图13A示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的由车辆100的成像系统在第一行进时刻T1检测到的被遮挡的成像传感器信息1301的示意图。在一个实施例中,图13A中所示的车辆100的成像系统可以表示已经暴露于遮挡物体1304的车辆的一个相机或成像传感器116A、116F、332、336。一个相机或成像传感器可以是车辆100的组合成像系统(例如,立体相机、3D传感器等)的一部分。在这个实例中,本文描述的方法和系统可以将来自一个相机的成像传感器信息与来自组合成像系统中的另一个相机的成像传感器信息进行比较,以确定组合成像系统中的任何相机是否被遮挡。例如,图12A至图12C可以表示组合成像系统中的未被遮挡的相机,并且图13A至图13C可以表示组合成像系统中的被遮挡的相机。在一些实施例中,可以在单个成像传感器和/或系统上检测遮挡物体1304。
在任何情况下,遮挡物体1304可以是结合图8A至图8B描述的任何一个或多个物体。例如,图13A中所示的成像传感器信息1301可以表示在遮挡物体1304最先出现在计算机生成的图像1301中的第一时刻T1与车辆100相关联(例如,在车辆100的至少一部分周围等)的环境的图像。此时,遮挡物体1304可以限制或遮挡成像系统的区域的观察或成像能力。例如,先前可见的目标1204D、1204E在具有遮挡物体1304的计算机生成图像1301至1303中不再可见。计算机生成的图像1301至1303中对先前可见的多个物体的这种瞬时替换可以指示遮挡物体1304妨碍成像系统的观察能力。
在任何情况下,随着车辆100在第二时刻T2沿着路径1206移动,与目标1204A至1204C相关联的视觉特性可以改变。然而,在图像区域中被遮挡物体1304替换的先前可见的目标对图13A至图13C中所示的成像系统仍不可见。在一个实施例中,由遮挡物体1304的区域限定的图像区域中的目标变化和不变化可以指示遮挡物体1304妨碍成像系统的观察能力。这个信息可以与上述多个物体的瞬时替换结合使用或另外使用,以确定传感器的遮挡。在一些情况下,可以将图13A至图13C的图像1301至1303与图12A至图12C的图像1201至1203进行比较,以确定是否存在遮挡物体1304。图13B示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的由车辆100的成像系统在第二行进时刻T2检测到的成像传感器信息1303的示意图。在图13B中,到所有可见目标1204A至1204C的范围已经改变,但是与遮挡物体1304相关联的视觉特性和信息(例如,大小、形状、尺寸、位置等)基本上没有改变。例如,车辆目标1204和建筑物目标1204B的大小和形状在第二时刻T2的尺寸增加,并且建筑物目标1204C被示为移出图像,但遮挡物体1304区域没有改变。
随着车辆100在后续时刻继续沿着路径1206移动,与可见目标1204A、1204B相关联的视觉特性可以继续改变。在图13C中,示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的由车辆100的成像系统在第三行进时刻T3检测到的被遮挡的成像传感器信息1303的示意图。图13C示出了目标信息已经改变以包括与一些目标相关联的更大的形状和大小,而其他目标已完全移出图像,并且遮挡物体1304基本上没有改变。例如,车辆目标1204和建筑物目标1204B的形状和大小已经增加,而建筑物目标1204C已完全移出图像。在一些实施例中,图13A至图13C示出了车辆100的至少部分被遮挡的成像系统和/或传感器的随时间(例如,T1至T3)变化的成像传感器信息。
图14是根据本披露内容的实施例的用于检测车辆100的传感器表面上的物体的第一方法1400的流程图。虽然在图14中示出了方法1400的步骤的一般顺序,但是方法1400可以包括更多或更少的步骤,或者可以与图14中所示的步骤不同地排列步骤的顺序。通常,方法1400以开始操作1404开始并以结束操作1440结束。方法1400可以作为由计算机系统执行并编码或存储在计算机可读介质上的计算机可执行指令集来执行。在下文中,应参考结合图1至图13描述的系统、部件、组件、装置、用户界面、环境、软件等来解释方法1400。
方法1400在步骤1404开始,并且行进到监测来自与车辆100相关联的一个或多个传感器的传感器检测输出(步骤1408)。在一些实施例中,传感器可以是上述ADAS车辆传感器中的一个或多个传感器。在任何情况下,传感器可以在车辆100外部的环境中重复地或连续地发射和接收感测信号。在一个实施例中,监测可以包括重复地接收传感器信息、解释传感器信息、并处理传感器信息的过程。上述传感器处理器340可以配置为从与车辆100相关联的一个或多个传感器接收输出并处理所述输出。典型地,传感器设置在车辆100中、上和/或周围,以尤其测量车辆100的至少一部分周围的环境(例如,驾驶环境、停车环境等)。在一些实施例中,传感器信息和数据可以存储在传感器数据存储器356A中。
接下来,方法1400继续到确定一个或多个传感器的测量到的传感器值之间是否存在任何差异(步骤1412)。可以通过比较一段时间内的传感器的随时间的输出908A至908C、1008、1108来获得测量到的传感器值的差异,如结合图9A至图11所述。例如,可以将一段时间内的第一传感器随时间的输出908A、1008、1108与相同时间段内的另一传感器随时间的输出908B、908C进行比较。当测量传感器值(例如,传感器随时间的输出908A至908C、1008、1108)包括显著变化时,可以确定差异。在一些实施例中,测量到的传感器值的差异可以包括分析单个传感器随时间的值。例如,特定传感器或传感器组的传感器随时间的输出908A至908C、1008、1108可以包括未满足预定阈值的一个或多个数据点。预定阈值可以基于与传感器检测到的返回信号相关联的定时、检测到的返回信号的强度、和/或其组合。作为一个实例,如果传感器发射检测信号并且瞬间或几乎瞬间接收到响应信号,则可以确定传感器被遮挡。在这个实例中,发射与接收传感器检测信号之间的时间(例如,飞行时间)可以与最小阈值时间相关联。这个最小阈值时间可以设置为当目标位于车辆100的周边或者在周边的某个偏移处时信号返回的时间。在传感器接收到返回信号快于最小阈值时间的情况下,那么可以将传感器识别为被遮挡和/或挡住。如果没有确定差异,则方法1400返回到步骤1408以继续监测传感器的传感器检测输出。在确定测量到的传感器值之间存在差异的情况下,方法1400以步骤1416继续。
方法1400行进到确定在步骤1412中确定的差异是否在可接受的操作阈值内(步骤1416)。在一些实施例中,多个传感器的传感器随时间的输出908A至908C、1008、1108之间可以存在测量变化1102。这个测量变化1102可以是漂移、偏移测量、和/或不一致区域1002变化。当传感器被部分地遮挡(例如,经由最小量的碎屑、灰尘或污垢等)时,测量变化1102可以在可接受的操作阈值内。例如,测量的偏移值可以指示被遮挡的传感器可能不像干净的传感器那样敏感但仍然能够根据预定的传感器测量值或范围进行测量。然而,当传感器包括被挡住部分或基本上被遮挡的传感器表面(例如,传感器的一个或多个表面允许发射和检测信号)时,该方法可以进行到步骤1420和/或1424。
在一些实施例中,方法1400可以可选地行进到将步骤1412和1416的传感器数据(例如,第一传感器和/或第二传感器随时间的输出908A至908B、1008、1108)与第三传感器的传感器数据(例如,第三传感器随时间的输出908C)进行比较。这个比较可以与结合图9A至图11描述的比较类似(如果不相同的话)。
接下来,方法1400行进到识别被怀疑是脏的、不干净的和/或被遮挡的一个或多个传感器(步骤1424)。在一些实施例中,识别可以基于步骤1420的比较和/或方法1400的其他步骤,其中一个传感器产生的检测到的传感器信息不符合其他传感器(例如,类似的传感器、类似定位的传感器等)的检测到的传感器信息。在一个实施例中,可以发现传感器之间提供的检测到的传感器信息的差异是在特定传感器的可接受操作阈值之外。在一些实施例中,在第一传感器与第二传感器之间的差异在可接受操作阈值内的情况下,方法1400可以确定第一传感器和第二传感器中的一个或两个传感器是开始失效还是漂移而未能校准(参见步骤1418、1422)。例如,在一些实施例中,可以将在一个传感器与另一传感器之间确定的差异和与传感器相关联的历史数据进行比较(步骤1418)。在一些实施例中,一旦监测并评估传感器系统,就可以将与所述监测和评估相关联的传感器数据存储在传感器数据存储器344中。如果对于特定传感器,确定差异随时间增加,则可以确定所述传感器失效或漂移而未能校准(1422)。在任何情况下,方法1400可以识别可疑传感器(即,被确定为被遮挡、失效和/或漂移的(一个或多个)传感器)的类型、方位和/或位置。
方法1400可以行进到向以下一者或多者发送包括关于可疑传感器的信息的消息:车辆100的用户、计算装置368、604、608、612、显示装置372、车辆控制系统348、和/或与车辆100相关联的一些其他装置(步骤1428)。在一些实施例中,消息可以配置为经由与车辆100相关联的显示装置372向用户或其他实体警告与一个或多个传感器相关联的感测遮挡、指示遮挡的严重性、识别(一个或多个)传感器、和/或以其他方式传达关于传感器的信息。另外地或替代性地,所述消息可以包括用于车辆100的车辆控制系统348和/或传感器清洁系统370清洁所识别的传感器的指令和/或命令。在一些实施例中,清洁命令可以包括关于需要清洁的传感器表面的特定位置和/或区域的信息。例如,响应于接收到清洁命令,传感器清洁系统370可以确定特定的传感器清洁装置与所识别的具有遮挡的传感器相关联。接下来,传感器清洁系统370可以将电信号发送到与所识别的具有遮挡的传感器相关联的传感器清洁装置以除去遮挡。
接下来,方法1400可以继续到确定车辆控制系统348和/或传感器清洁系统370是否清洁(一个或多个)传感器(步骤1432)。在一些实施例中,可以通过进行方法1400的一个或多个步骤来作出这个确定,以确定清洁操作是否解决检测到的测量差异。在一个实施例中,传感器清洁装置或系统可以用指示已执行清洁操作的确认信号或消息进行响应。如果先前已经将(一个或多个)传感器清洁多次并且清洁仍然不能解决检测到的测量差异,则方法1400可以行进到警告用户或采取替代性动作(未示出)。在一些实施例中,方法1400可以确定所识别的传感器需要另外的清洁(例如,尤其是在测量值的差异从第一次清洁改善的情况下等)。在这种情况下,方法1400行进到经由一个或多个传感器清洁系统370来清洁所识别的传感器。方法在步骤1440结束。
图15是根据本披露内容的实施例的用于检测车辆100的传感器表面上的物体的第二方法1500的流程图。虽然在图15中示出了方法1500的步骤的一般顺序,但是方法1500可以包括更多或更少的步骤,或者可以与图15中所示的步骤不同地排列步骤的顺序。通常,方法1500以开始操作1504开始并以结束操作1540结束。方法1500可以作为由计算机系统执行并编码或存储在计算机可读介质上的计算机可执行指令集来执行。在下文中,应参考结合图1至图14描述的系统、部件、组件、装置、用户界面、环境、软件等来解释方法1500。
方法1500在步骤1504开始,并且行进到监测来自车辆100的一个或多个成像系统的计算机生成的图像中的视觉数据和代表物体(步骤1508)。在一些实施例中,成像系统可以是本文描述的成像传感器116A、116F、332、336(例如,相机等)中的一个或多个成像传感器。计算机生成的图像可以对应于结合图12A至图13C描述的图像1201至1203、1301至1303中的一个或多个图像。监测可以包括从车辆100的一个或多个成像系统接收信息,并且(例如,经由传感器处理器340等)生成表示车辆100的至少一部分周围的环境的一个或多个计算机生成的图像。
接下来,方法1500可以继续到确定计算机生成的图像中的目标的视觉特性(步骤1512)。例如,方法1500可以确定随时间(例如,T1至T3)的与计算机生成的图像中的一个或多个目标相关联的位置、大小和/或向量。例如,方法1500可以确定车辆100或其他物体沿着特定路径和速度接近车辆100。
在一些实施例中,方法1500可以基于所确定的目标的视觉特性来计算目标或代表物体的至少一个预测位置、大小和/或向量(步骤1516)。例如,如果成像传感器根据观察到的速度和时间而检测到目标(例如,车辆目标1204A等)随时间变得越来越近和/或越来越大,则传感器处理器340可以计算、推断和/或以其他方式确定目标在后续或未来时刻的下一个位置和/或大小。
方法1500可以继续到确定计算机生成的图像(例如,从成像传感器数据和检测到的传感器信息等生成)中的目标或代表物体的任何后续变化是否与目标的预测位置、大小和/或向量基本上不类似(步骤1520)。例如,当遮挡物击中成像传感器时,先前在计算机生成的图像中可见的目标可能瞬间消失或者不再可见。计算机生成的图像中对先前可见的多个目标或代表物体的这种瞬时替换可以指示遮挡物体1304妨碍成像系统的观察能力。例如,在步骤1516中可能尚未预测到多个目标从计算机生成的图像中瞬间消失。
在计算机生成的图像中的一个或多个目标随着时间而存在不可预测的变化的情况下,方法1500可以继续到确定与不可预测的变化相关联的成像传感器的区域(步骤1524)。在一些实施例中,这个确定可以涉及识别一组传感器(例如,组合图像系统等)中的具有遮挡的一个或多个传感器。在一个实施例中,所述确定可以涉及识别具有遮挡的一个或多个传感器的一部分。
方法1500继续到发送关于所识别的成像传感器的消息(步骤1528)。在一些实施例中,所述消息可以指示传感器清洁系统370清洁所识别的具有遮挡的成像传感器。所述消息可以包括关于所识别的成像传感器的信息,以给予以下一者或多者:车辆100的用户、计算装置368、604、608、612、显示装置372、车辆控制系统348、和/或与车辆100相关联的一些其他装置(步骤1428)。响应于接收到清洁命令,传感器清洁系统370可以确定特定的传感器清洁装置与所识别的具有遮挡的传感器相关联。接下来,传感器清洁系统370可以将电信号发送到与所识别的具有遮挡的传感器相关联的传感器清洁装置以除去遮挡。在一些实施例中,消息可以配置为经由与车辆100相关联的显示装置372向用户或其他实体警告与一个或多个传感器相关联的感测遮挡、指示遮挡的严重性、识别(一个或多个)传感器、和/或以其他方式传达关于传感器的信息。另外地或替代性地,所述消息可以包括用于车辆100的车辆控制系统348和/或传感器清洁系统370清洁所识别的传感器的指令和/或命令。在一些实施例中,清洁命令可以包括关于需要清洁的传感器表面的特定位置和/或区域的信息。方法1500在步骤1532结束。
上面的方法1400、1500描述了发送关于一个或多个被遮挡或可疑传感器的消息。在一些实施例中,一个或多个传感器也许不能被清洁并且可能保持被遮挡。在一些情况下,被遮挡的传感器可能会阻止车辆至少在车辆控制的一个级别下安全地操作。例如,在条件自主级别、高度自主级别和/或完全自主级别(例如,级别3至5)下操作的车辆100可能需要大多数传感器(例如,尤其是驱动传感器和系统304)提供准确且未被遮挡的信息。因为一些传感器可能比其他传感器更重要,因此传感器处理器340和/或车辆控制系统可以将重要传感器与其他传感器不同地分类。通过接收优先的关注点(例如,清洁操作、维护、连续监测等),可以不同地处理重要的传感器。自动化背景中的重要传感器的实例可以包括,但不限于,激光雷达320、雷达324、超声传感器328、相机传感器332、和/或IR传感器336。在这种情况下,可以将消息发送到车辆控制系统348以限制车辆100的功能、禁用车辆100、和/或向车辆100的一个或多个装置呈现信息(例如,需要用户干预以更换和/或修理所识别的传感器等)。
图16A至图16C示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆100的各种传感器清洁系统1601至1603的示意图。传感器清洁系统1601至1603可以对应于上述传感器清洁系统370中的一个或多个传感器清洁系统。每个传感器清洁系统1601至1603显示至少部分地遮挡传感器表面1616的一部分的遮挡物体1604。如图16A至图16C中所示,代表性传感器表面1616被示为具有宽度1602和高度1606,所述宽度和高度限定车辆100的至少一个传感器表面1616的传感器区域。传感器表面1616可以与上述传感器112、116A至116K、304中的一个或多个传感器相关联。
现在参考图16A,示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆100的加压流体传感器清洁系统1601的示意图。加压流体传感器清洁系统1601可以包括流体引导喷嘴1618,其配置为经由一个或多个流体管线1632来引导由流体供应源1628(例如,泵或压缩机等)供应的加压流体。可以引导加压流体(例如,经由流体引导喷嘴1618)以清洁传感器表面1616的传感器区域。在一些实施例中,流体引导喷嘴1618可以是可移动的,以瞄准传感器区域的具有遮挡物体1604的特定区域。例如,流体引导喷嘴1618的一部分可以围绕由包围传感器区域的角度限定的角度范围枢转。清洁流体可以是压缩空气或气体、加压水或其他流体、和/或一些其他集中流体。
图16B示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆100的致动擦拭器型传感器清洁系统1602的示意图。致动擦拭器型传感器清洁系统1602可以包括经由连接臂1642附接到可移动托架1640的擦拭器刮片1638。擦拭器刮片1638可以包含接触传感器表面1616的传感器区域以除去遮挡物体1604的材料。在一些实施例中,擦拭器刮片1638可以至少部分地由顺应材料制成,所述顺应材料配置为符合传感器表面1616的形状、曲线或特征。顺应材料的实例可以包括,但不限于,橡胶、塑料、硅树脂、布等、和/或其组合。擦拭器刮片1638可以配置为在擦拭器致动时从第一位置P1移动到第二位置P2。擦拭器致动可以是在沿着箭头1644的至少一个方向上。在一些实施例中,致动擦拭器型传感器清洁系统1602的可移动托架1640可以经由螺线管、空气/气体缸、液压缸、螺杆致动器和马达、线性致动器、和/或配置为将能量转换成运动的任何其他致动器进行致动。例如,可移动托架1640可以沿着与车辆100的车身相关联的轨道1636行进。在一些实施例中,擦拭器刮片1638可以配置为从传感器区域移动到第一清理位置1621(在传感器表面1616的左侧)和/或第二清理位置1623(在传感器表面1616的右侧)。在清理位置1621、1623,整个传感器区域被致动擦拭器型传感器清洁系统1602的任何部件清理而没有遮挡。
图16C示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆100的非接触式传感器清洁系统1603的示意图。在一些实施例中,非接触式传感器清洁系统1603可以包括第一装置1650,所述第一装置包括超声换能器1654的水平阵列,其配置为朝向传感器表面1616发射超声脉冲并从中除去遮挡物体1604。在一个实施例中,第二装置1650B可以包括超声换能器1654的竖直阵列(例如,与水平阵列正交设置的超声换能器阵列等),其配置为朝向传感器表面1616发射超声脉冲并从中除去遮挡物体1604。在一些实施例中,可能需要第一装置1650A和第二装置1650B两者从传感器表面1616除去遮挡物体1604。例如,当第一装置1650A发射的超声脉冲与第二装置1650B发射的超声脉冲相交时,脉冲强度可以达到移动物体1604所需的强度水平。在任何情况下,非接触式传感器清洁系统1603配置为在不物理地接触遮挡物体1604和/或传感器表面1616的情况下除去遮挡物体1604。
在一个实施例中,换能器阵列1654中的一个或多个换能器阵列可以用一个或多个加热元件代替,所述加热元件配置为加热传感器表面1616的传感器区域以从中除去特定类型的遮挡物体1604(例如,冰、雪、冰雹、雨夹雪等)。
图17A至图17D示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆100的旋转透镜式传感器清洁系统1700A、1700B(共同称为1700)的示意平面和前视图。旋转透镜式传感器清洁系统1700可以对应于上述传感器清洁系统370中的一个或多个传感器清洁系统。旋转透镜式传感器清洁系统1700显示至少部分地遮挡传感器表面1616的一部分的遮挡物体1604。如图17A所示,代表性传感器表面1616被示为具有宽度1602和高度1606,所述宽度和高度限定车辆100的至少一个传感器表面1616的传感器区域。传感器表面1616可以与上述传感器112、116A至116K、304中的一个或多个传感器相关联。旋转透镜式传感器清洁系统1700可以包括配置为围绕旋转轴线1706旋转的旋转透镜1708。在一些实施例中,传感器表面1616可以对应于旋转透镜1708的从传感器安装壁1712A、1712B中的开口突出或暴露的部分。
图17A示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆100的旋转透镜式传感器清洁系统1700A、1700B的部件的示意平面和前视图。在一些实施例中,旋转透镜式传感器清洁系统1700A、1700B可以包括内部传感器环境1740,所述内部传感器环境经由至少一个旋转透镜1708保护而免受外部环境1738(例如,在车辆100外部的环境中等)影响。旋转透镜1708可以配置为在顺时针和/或逆时针方向上围绕轴线1706旋转。在一些实施例中,旋转透镜1708可以配置为传感器发射透射(例如,光透射、能量透射、透明等)材料的圆形壁,其设置在内部传感器环境周围并且其中传感器指向圆形壁的暴露于感测区的一部分。在一个实施例中,旋转透镜1708抵靠传感器观察开口的左壁1712A的擦拭器部分和/或右壁1712B的擦拭器部分的移动可以致使遮挡物体1604从传感器的传感器清洁区域除去。在一些实施例中,旋转透镜1708可以将透镜1708的至少一部分移动到壁1712A、1712B中的传感器观察开口后面的透镜清洁区域1716中。透镜清洁区域1716可以包括透镜清洁系统1720,所述透镜清洁系统包括加压流体单元1724(例如,与结合图16A描述的加压流体传感器清洁系统1601类似(如果不相同的话))、驱动轮1728、和/或擦拭器刮片1732中的一者或多者。当透镜1708在壁1712A、1712B后面旋转时,透镜清洁系统1720可以用加压流体来清洗透镜1708的一部分。在一些实施例中,驱动轮1728可以包括海绵、布或其他碎屑去除表面。驱动轮1728可以附接到配置为使驱动轮1728和透镜1708旋转的马达或其他致动器。擦拭器刮片1732可以配置为接触透镜1708并且在旋转期间除去留在透镜1708上的任何水和/或材料。在360度旋转中,可以清洗遮挡透镜1708、清理掉遮挡、并将其擦干以便在传感器区域中呈现。
图17B示出了处于第一清洁状态1701的旋转透镜式传感器清洁系统1700的示意平面和前视图。在一些实施例中,第一清洁状态1701可以对应于在传感器的传感器区域中检测到遮挡物体1604(例如,根据上述方法1400、1500)的时间点。
图17C示出了在接收到清洁消息或命令时旋转透镜式传感器清洁系统1700的第二清洁状态1702。例如,透镜1708在围绕旋转轴线1706顺时针旋转,并且遮挡物体1604的第一部分1604A与遮挡物体1604的第二部分1604B分离。第一部分1604A可以是遮挡物体1604在透镜1708上的唯一部分。第二部分1604B可以留在透镜1708和传感器区域外部的传感器安装件的壁(例如,右壁1712B)上。如图17C的示意平面图所示,透镜1708沿着所示的箭头移动(从右到左移动)。
图17D示出了旋转透镜式传感器清洁系统1700继续使透镜围绕旋转轴线1706旋转地对位的第三清洁状态1703。随着透镜1708继续围绕旋转轴1706顺时针旋转,遮挡物体1604的第一部分1604A继续从遮挡物体1604的第二部分1604B进一步移动。在图17D的示意平面图中,透镜1708继续沿着所示的箭头移动(从右到左移动)。一旦透镜1708旋转经过壁1712A,传感器区域就可以清理掉遮挡。
图18A至图18C示出了处于各种清洁状态1801至1803的传感器清洁系统1800的示意截面图。传感器清洁系统1800可以包括安装到致动器1820的至少一个传感器和传感器表面1816。致动器1820可以配置为经由移动构件1824将传感器和传感器表面1816从暴露或感测位置移动到隐藏或清洁/保护位置。在一些实施例中,致动器1820可以是螺线管、空气/气体缸、线性致动器、螺杆致动器、液压缸、和/或配置为将能量转换成运动的其他致动器。传感器清洁系统1800可以包括具有穿过其中设置的传感器观察窗1804的传感器安装件或车身壁1812A、1812B。在一些实施例中,传感器和传感器表面1816可以暴露于窗1804以允许感测,并且可以隐藏在传感器清洁系统1800和/或窗1804的一部分后面以清洁和/或保护传感器和传感器表面1816。
传感器清洁系统1800可以包括至少一个清洁擦拭器1814A、1814B,所述清洁擦拭器可枢转地布置以在缩回(例如,在壁1812A、1812B后面移动)时清洁传感器和传感器表面1816。在一些情况下,至少一个清洁擦拭器1814A、1814B可以可操作地连接到弹簧元件1818A、1818B。弹簧元件1818A、1818B可以提供使至少一个清洁擦拭器1814A、1814B抵靠传感器和传感器表面1816的一部分移动所需的力。这个移动可以经由擦拭动作从传感器和传感器表面1816清洁掉遮挡物体。
图18A示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的处于第一清洁状态1801的车辆100的传感器清洁系统1800和传感器1816的示意截面图。在第一清洁状态1801下,致动器1820可以将传感器和传感器表面1816定位在暴露或感测位置。在这个位置,传感器和传感器表面1816可以具有未被遮挡的视角。在一个实施例中,至少一个清洁擦拭器1814A、1814B的一部分可以经由张紧并连接到壁1812A、1812B的弹簧元件1818A、1818B进行连接。弹簧元件1818A、1818B的张紧可以提供至少一个清洁擦拭器1814A、1814B抵靠传感器和传感器表面1816的接触力。
图18B示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的处于第二清洁状态1802的车辆100的传感器清洁系统1800和传感器1816的示意截面图。在第二清洁状态1802下,传感器清洁系统1800可以已经接收到从暴露或感测位置缩回(例如,在由移动构件1824的箭头指示的方向上)的指令(例如,如上所述)。在传感器和传感器表面1816经由致动器1820施加的致动运动而缩回时,作用在第一清洁擦拭器1814A和第二清洁擦拭器1814B上的弹簧元件1818A、1818B的张紧使第一清洁擦拭器1814A和第二清洁擦拭器1814B围绕枢转点(未示出)移动。第一清洁擦拭器1814A和第二清洁擦拭器1814B的移动致使传感器和传感器表面1816经由擦拭或拖曳动作而被清洁。在第二清洁状态1802下,传感器和传感器表面1816的一部分在窗1804中可见。
图18C示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的处于第三清洁状态1803的车辆100的传感器清洁系统1800和传感器1816的示意截面图。在第三清洁状态1803下,传感器清洁系统1800已缩回到其清洁和/或隐藏/受保护位置。在这个位置,传感器和传感器表面1816的一部分上的任何遮挡物体已被擦拭干净,并且传感器和传感器表面1816被保护在第一清洁擦拭器1814A和第二清洁擦拭器1814B后面。可以设想,本文描述的传感器清洁系统1800可以通过缩回在第一清洁擦拭器1814A和第二清洁擦拭器1814B后面来保护传感器1816免受损坏。在一个实施例中,可以通过检测即将发生的撞击等而引起这种缩回。这个动作可以对应于传感器闪烁。
图19A至图19C示出了处于各种清洁状态1901至1903的传感器清洁系统1900的示意截面图。传感器清洁系统1900可以包括安装到致动器1820的至少一个传感器和传感器表面1816。致动器1820可以配置为经由移动构件1824将传感器和传感器表面1816从暴露或感测位置移动到隐藏或清洁/保护位置。在一些实施例中,致动器1820可以是螺线管、空气/气体缸、线性致动器、螺杆致动器、液压缸、和/或配置为将能量转换成运动的其他致动器。传感器清洁系统1900可以包括具有穿过其中设置的传感器观察窗1904的传感器安装件或车身壁1912A、1912B。在一些实施例中,传感器和传感器表面1816可以暴露于窗1904以允许感测,并且可以隐藏在传感器清洁系统1900和/或窗1904的一部分后面以清洁和/或保护传感器和传感器表面1816。
传感器清洁系统1900可以包括配置为围绕构件1916弹性地弯曲的至少一个柔性清洁擦拭器1914A、1914B。柔性清洁擦拭器1914A、1914B可以由一种或多种顺应材料制成。顺应材料的实例可以包括,但不限于,橡胶、塑料、硅树脂、聚合物、氯丁橡胶、弹簧钢等、和/或其组合。柔性清洁擦拭器1914A、1914B可以是在传感器1816的区域处分开的单件柔性材料的部分。例如,分开可以对应于柔性材料中的将单件材料分成两个或更多个柔性清洁擦拭器1914A、1914B的一个或多个切口。在一些实施例中,构件1916可以是传感器安装件或车身壁1912A、1912B后面的环、孔、切口或其他结构。当柔性清洁擦拭器1914A、1914B在构件1916与传感器和传感器表面1816之间偏转(例如,弹性地变形)时,第一柔性清洁擦拭器1914A可以与第二清洁擦拭器1914B分离。在传感器和传感器表面1816从窗1904缩回时,第一柔性清洁擦拭器1914A和第二柔性清洁擦拭器1914B可以返回到未偏转或较小偏转的状态。在较小偏转状态下,柔性清洁擦拭器1914A、1914B的一部分(例如,擦拭器尖端1918A、1918B)可以接触传感器和传感器表面1816的一部分。这个移动可以经由擦拭动作从传感器和传感器表面1816清洁掉遮挡物体。
图19A示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的处于第一清洁状态1901的车辆100的传感器清洁系统1900和传感器1816的示意截面图。在第一清洁状态1901下,致动器1820可以将传感器和传感器表面1816定位在暴露或感测位置。在这个位置,传感器和传感器表面1816可以具有未被遮挡的视角。在一个实施例中,柔性清洁擦拭器1914A、1914B的一部分可以抵靠窗1904的一部分弹性变形或偏转。
图19B示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的处于第二清洁状态1902的车辆100的传感器清洁系统1900和传感器1816的示意截面图。在第二清洁状态1902下,传感器清洁系统1900可以已经接收到从暴露或感测位置缩回(例如,在由移动构件1824的箭头指示的方向上)的指令(例如,如上所述)。在传感器和传感器表面1816经由致动器1820施加的致动运动而缩回时,柔性清洁擦拭器1914A、1914B的弹性致使擦拭器1914A、1914B跟随传感器和传感器表面1816的运动。擦拭器1914A、1914B的这种移动致使传感器和传感器表面1816经由擦拭器1914A、1914B的一部分(例如,擦拭部分1918A、1918B等)接触表面1816的擦拭或拖曳动作而被清洁。在第二清洁状态1902下,传感器和传感器表面1816的一部分在窗1904中仍然可见。
图19C示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的处于第三清洁状态1903的车辆100的传感器清洁系统1900和传感器1816的示意截面图。在第三清洁状态1903下,传感器清洁系统1900已缩回到其清洁和/或隐藏/受保护位置。在这个位置,传感器和传感器表面1816的一部分上的任何遮挡物体已被擦拭干净,并且传感器和传感器表面1816被保护在第一柔性清洁擦拭器1914A和第二柔性清洁擦拭器1914B后面。可以设想,本文描述的传感器清洁系统1900可以通过缩回在第一柔性清洁擦拭器1914A和第二柔性清洁擦拭器1914B后面来保护传感器1816免受损坏。在一个实施例中,可以通过检测即将发生的撞击等而引起这种缩回。
图20A示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆100以及低轮廓成像系统2000和成像环境的侧视图。特别地,低轮廓成像系统2000可以符合车辆100的车身的至少一部分、与其成整体和/或匹配。如图20A所示,低轮廓成像系统2000可以包括与车辆100的空气动力学形状、拔模角度、挡风玻璃、车顶130和/或其他特征匹配或基本上符合的特征。低轮廓成像系统2000可以为车辆100提供成像能力(例如,与上述激光雷达成像系统112、320等的成像相似(如果不相同的话)),而不会不利地影响车辆100的曳引系数。另外地或替代性地,本文描述的低轮廓成像系统2000的实施例可以提供从车辆100的一部分不明显地突出或延伸的整体激光雷达成像系统。在一些实施例中,低轮廓成像系统2000的周边可以与车顶130相符。例如,低轮廓成像系统2000的透镜或透光光学屏蔽件可以与车顶130的一部分相符或形成车顶的一部分。
低轮廓成像系统2000可以包括一个或多个传感器和光学器件,其配置为提供与结合图1至图3描述的测距和成像系统112和/或激光雷达传感器320类似(如果不相同的话)的测距和成像。在一些实施例中,低轮廓成像系统2000可以包括至少一个激光雷达传感器320。例如,低轮廓成像系统2000可以配置为检测车辆100周围的环境中的视觉信息。可以处理在车辆100和低轮廓成像系统2000周围的环境中检测到的视觉信息(例如,经由一个或多个传感器和/或系统处理器等),以生成车辆100周围的环境的完整360度视图。低轮廓成像系统2000可以配置为例如在车辆100驾驶、发动或静止时实时地生成环境的变化360度视图。在一些情况下,低轮廓成像系统2000可以具有有效检测极限204或范围,所述有效检测极限或范围是从车辆100的中心向外在360度上的某一距离。低轮廓成像系统2000的有效检测极限204限定对应于车辆100周围的区域和/或体积等的观察区208(例如,参考图20B)。落在观察区208之外的任何物体可以处于未检测到的区212中并且将不会被车辆100的低轮廓成像系统2000检测到。
如图20A所示,低轮廓成像系统2000可以定向在车辆100的车顶130上,使得可以获得车辆100周围的360度视图。车辆100周围的360度视图可以由低轮廓成像系统2000的中心线CL相对于车辆100的位置限定。在一些实施例中,低轮廓成像系统2000可以配置为在从低轮廓成像系统2000的中心线CL向外的方向上发射激光。发射的激光可以对应于由与低轮廓成像系统2000相关联的激光雷达传感器320发射的多个激光束或通道。返回光(例如,反射回波等)可以由低轮廓成像系统2000的光电二极管接收器或等效物检测到。
低轮廓成像系统2000可以包括竖直视野和视角β2。这个竖直视野可以由上观察极限和下观察极限限定。在一些实施例中,上观察极限可以由从低轮廓成像系统2000的中心线CL到系统2000的最高有效检测位置测量到的极限角度β1限定。下观察极限可以由从上观察极限到系统2000的最低有效检测位置测量到的视角β2限定。
尽管被示为沿着垂直于低轮廓成像系统2000的中心线CL(即,平行于道路2002)的方向向量发射光,但是应当理解,从低轮廓成像系统2000发射的激光束可以有角度地发射、可以在通道和/或脉冲之间的角度上变化、并且甚至可以占据视野β2的一部分。为了清楚起见,本文可以使用单个光束来表示由激光雷达传感器、激光器或其他发光元件发射的光。
在一个实施例中,由低轮廓成像系统2000发射的光可以以脉冲方式传输。图20A示出了在第一时刻发射的第一光脉冲(L1)和在第二后续时刻发射的第二光脉冲L2。在一些实施例中,低轮廓成像系统2000可以检测到在视野视角β2内的返回光RL1、RL2。例如,第一返回光RL1沿着视野中的第一向量从车辆100的前部110行进到低轮廓成像系统2000的中心线CL,并且第二返回光RL2沿着视野中的第二向量从车辆的后部120行进到低轮廓成像系统2000的中心线CL。可以理解,低轮廓成像系统2000可以配置为检测在系统2000的视野内返回的任何光。
图20B示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的车辆100以及低轮廓成像系统2000和成像环境的平面图。如图20B所示,低轮廓成像系统2000的周边可以被包括在车辆100的车顶130中。图20A至图20B所示的低轮廓成像系统2000的阴影部分可以表示低轮廓成像系统2000的透镜或透光光学屏蔽件。如上所述,低轮廓成像系统2000可以提供车辆100周围的环境的360度视图。尽管被示为椭圆形,但应该理解,车辆100周围的环境的360度视图不限于此。例如,低轮廓成像系统2000可以限定具有外部范围、周边、极限或有效检测极限204的观察区208,所述有效检测极限具有在车辆100周围的任何点(例如,大约360度)处与低轮廓成像系统2000的中心线CL等距的距离。低轮廓成像系统2000可以配置为检测限定观察区208的区域、体积和/或空间内的目标2006。在一些实施例中,低轮廓成像系统2000可能无法检测观察区208外部的区域、体积或空间中的目标。这个外部区域可以称为未检测到的区212。
作为实例,低轮廓成像系统2000可以在车辆100周围的360度上和图20B中所示的观察区208中发射光。在一些情况下,这个发射的光可以从观察区208内的至少一个目标2006反射并返回到低轮廓成像系统2000。由于从目标2006返回的光可以包括多个不同的反射角度以及光发射时间与光接收时间之间的差异(或飞行时间特性),因此低轮廓成像系统2000可以确定目标2006相对于车辆100的形状、大小和甚至位置。
图21A至图21C示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的低轮廓成像系统2100的视图。图21A至图21C中所示的低轮廓成像系统2100可以与结合图20A和图20B描述的低轮廓成像系统2000相同。在一些实施例中,低轮廓成像系统2100可以包括基座2102、激光雷达传感器2104、第一支撑构件2106A、第二支撑构件2106B、以及透镜或透光光学屏蔽件2120。在一个实施例中,基座2102、第一支撑构件2106A、第二支撑构件2106B和/或透镜2120中的一者或多者可以形成低轮廓成像系统的壳体。另外,低轮廓成像系统2100可以包括光学组件2110,所述光学组件包括第一反射元件2112、第二反射元件2116。
在一些实施例中,低轮廓成像系统2100的基座2102可以包括配置为将激光雷达传感器2104精确地保持在相对于光学组件2110的位置的光学安装区域。例如,激光雷达传感器2104可以在基座2102的区域的中心或中心部分安装或附接到基座2102。在一个实施例中,光学安装区域可以配置为光学台面、光学平台和/或刚性平面构件,其具有用于激光雷达传感器2104、第一支撑构件2106A和/或光学组件2110的一个或多个安装位置。低轮廓成像系统2100的这些部件可以经由一个或多个紧固件和/或附接件安装到基座2102。在一些实施例中,部件(例如,激光雷达传感器2104、第一反射元件2112、第二反射元件2116、透镜2120等)中的至少一个部件可以选择性地附接(例如,可移除地附接)到基座2102或低轮廓成像系统2100的其他部分。在一些实施例中,部件(例如,第一反射元件2112、第二反射元件2116、透镜2120等)中的至少一个部件可以形成为基座2102、第一支撑构件2106A、第二支撑构件2106B和/或低轮廓成像系统2100的其他部分的一部分。在一个实施例中,基座2102可以是或形成车辆100的车顶130的一部分。可以理解,基座2102可以由金属(例如,铝、钢、钛、铬镍铁合金、镍等、和/或其合金)、塑料、陶瓷、玻璃或其他刚性材料中的一种或多种制成。
低轮廓成像系统2100的激光雷达传感器2104可以对应于结合图3描述的激光雷达传感器320。在一些实施例中,激光雷达传感器2104可以是固态传感器,并且因此可以不包括移动部分。
低轮廓成像系统2100的第一支撑构件2106A可以附接到基座2102或车辆100的其他部分。在一个实施例中,第一支撑构件2106A可以形成为基座2102的一部分。在一些实施例中,第一支撑构件2106A可以焊接、粘附、卷曲、紧固、固定、模制和/或以其他方式安装到基座2102或车辆100。第一支撑构件2106A可以提供配置为接收、捕获、固持和/或以其他方式支撑低轮廓成像系统2100的透镜2120的支撑特征。第一支撑构件2106A可以包括相对于基座2102的高度或尺寸,所述高度或尺寸至少部分地限定光学组件2110中的部件(例如,第一反射元件2112和第二反射元件2116等)之间的距离。第一支撑构件2106A可以由与所描述的基座2102类似或不同的材料制成。
低轮廓成像系统2100的第二支撑构件2106B可以附接到透镜2120、第一支撑构件2106A、基座2102或车辆100的一些其他部分(例如,车顶130等)中的一者或多者。在一些实施例中,这种附接可以包括,但不限于,焊接、粘附、卷曲、紧固、固定、模制和/或以其他方式固定的接口。第二支撑构件2106B可以提供配置为接收、捕获、固持和/或以其他方式支撑低轮廓成像系统2100的透镜2120的支撑特征。在一些实施例中,第二支撑构件2106可以包括光学安装区域或刚性平面表面,其具有用于光学组件2110的一部分的一个或多个安装位置。例如,第二支撑构件2106可以包括用于第二反射元件2116的至少一个安装区域。第二反射元件2116可以经由一个或多个紧固件和/或附接件进行安装。在一些实施例中,第二反射元件2116可以选择性地附接(例如,可移除地附接)到第二支撑构件2106B或低轮廓成像系统2100的其他部分。在一些实施例中,第二反射元件2116可以形成为基座、第二支撑构件2106B和/或低轮廓成像系统2100的其他部分的一部分。第二支撑构件2106B可以由金属、塑料、陶瓷、玻璃或如本文所述的其他刚性材料中的一种或多种制成。
透镜2120可以配置为设置在第一支撑构件2106A与第二支撑构件2106B之间的透光元件。透镜2120可以允许由激光雷达传感器2104发射的光(例如,激光等)穿过其中。在一些实施例中,透镜2120可以包括配置为仅允许特定波长的光通过的滤波器(例如,涂层、层、膜、沉积物等)。另外地或替代性地,透镜2120可以配置为保护低轮廓成像系统2100的部件。在一些实施例中,透镜2120可以由高强度玻璃、钢化玻璃、层压板、塑料、晶体等、和/或其组合制成。在一些实施例中,透镜2120可以形成为将第一支撑构件2106A接合到第二支撑构件2106B的低轮廓成像系统2100的部分。在一个实施例中,第一支撑构件2106A、透镜2120和第二支撑构件2106B可以由塑料形成。
第一反射元件2112和/或第二反射元件2116可以包括具有至少一个反射表面的光学镜。反射表面可以包括配置为以特定方式反射光(例如,聚焦、转向或引导光等)的形状(例如,平面、扁平、弯曲、凹面、凸面等、和/或其组合)。在一些实施例中,第一反射元件2112和第二反射元件2116可以包括针对特定波长的光(例如,激光等)优化的反射表面。第一反射元件2112和第二反射元件2116可以由金属、硅石(例如,熔融硅石等)、玻璃(例如,耐化学性、低热膨胀性等)、塑料等、和/或其组合制成。在一些实施例中,第一反射元件2112和/或第二反射元件2116的反射表面可包括设置在其上的至少一个涂层(例如,金属、电介质、薄膜等)。
在一些实施例中,第一反射元件2112和/或第二反射元件2116可以形成围绕激光雷达传感器2104的连续反射光引导表面。如图21A至图21C所示,第一反射元件2112和第二反射元件2116的反射表面可以以围绕激光雷达传感器2104的连续不间断的表面形状形成为光学组件2110的一部分。例如,反射表面的形状可以是基本上矩形的、具有在激光雷达传感器2104周围的倒圆角或圆角(参见例如图21A中的光学组件2110形状的平面图)。在这个实例中,反射表面平面图形状可以与低轮廓成像系统2100、透镜2120、第一支撑构件2106A和/或第二支撑构件2106B的周边的偏移形状匹配。在一些实施例中,反射表面的平面图形状可以是基本上圆形的。在任何情况下,反射表面的平面图形状可以配置为使得从激光雷达传感器2104发射的光以围绕中心线CL的任何发射角度(在360度上)从低轮廓成像系统2100经由反射表面向外引导。在一些实施例中,围绕激光雷达传感器2104的第一反射元件2112的形状可以与围绕激光雷达传感器2104设置的第二反射元件2116的形状基本上匹配。
参考图21A,示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的低轮廓成像系统2100的平面图。如所描述,从激光雷达传感器2104发射的光可以由光学组件2110(例如,第一反射构件2112和第二反射构件2116等)引导通过透镜2120。图21A示出了在第一区域2108A处从低轮廓成像系统2100发射的光L1和在第二区域2108B处从低轮廓成像系统2100发射的光L2。在一些实施例中,激光雷达传感器2104可以配置为围绕低轮廓成像系统2100的中心线CL(例如,激光雷达传感器2104的中心轴线)以顺时针或逆时针旋转逐渐地发光。在一个实施例中,发射光L1箭头可以表示由激光雷达传感器2104在第一时刻发射的光,而发射光L2箭头可以表示由激光雷达传感器2104在稍后或后续时刻发射的光。在任何情况下,反射回波(或从击中目标返回的光)可以由在发射感测光L1、L2的相应区域2108A、2108B中或附近接收返回光RL1、RL2的激光雷达传感器2104检测到。
图21B是沿图21A的X-X线截取的截面图,示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的低轮廓成像系统2100部件的布置。特别地,图21B示出了低轮廓成像系统2100中的第一反射构件2112和第二反射构件2116的布置。如图21B所示,激光雷达传感器2104的至少一部分可以设置在第一反射构件2112的中心(例如,在第一反射构件2112外周边形状的形心处)。从激光雷达传感器2104发射的光可以瞄准第一反射元件2112。第一反射元件2112可以包括成角度反射表面,其配置为或成角度以将从激光雷达传感器2104发射的光朝向第二反射元件2116引导。在图21B和图21C中,第一反射元件2112和第二反射元件2116被示为彼此相对地设置。然而,第二反射元件2116的成角度反射表面可以配置为或成角度以将从激光雷达传感器2104发射的光从低轮廓成像系统2100向外引导通过透镜2120。例如,第一反射元件2116的成角度反射表面可以与垂直于中心线CL的平面成45度设置。在一些实施例中,第二反射元件2116的成角度反射表面也可以与垂直于中心线CL的平面成45度设置。虽然图21A至图21C的第一反射元件2112和第二反射元件2116示出了以45度设置的反射表面,但本披露内容的实施例不限于此。在任何情况下,第一反射元件2112和第二反射元件2116的角度关系可以配置为引导来自低轮廓(例如,低高度、最小竖直尺寸等)成像系统包装物的激光雷达传感器2104的光和/或由其接收光。在一些实施例中,反射表面的角度可以是固定的或可调整的。在一个实施例中,低轮廓成像系统2100的总高度可以小于从激光雷达传感器2104到光学组件2110或到第一反射元件2112和第二反射元件2116测量到的尺寸。
图21C示出了图21B的截面图的一部分的详细视图,尤其示出了根据本披露内容的实施例的低轮廓成像系统2100的光学组件2110。如图21B所示,光可以从激光雷达传感器2104发射,如通常由箭头或射线LN示出。尽管被示为沿着垂直于低轮廓成像系统2100的中心线CL的方向向量发射光,但是应当理解,从低轮廓成像系统2100发射的脉冲和/或激光束可以从激光雷达传感器2104以由视角β2限定的光学组件视野内的任何角度发射。在一些实施例中,激光雷达传感器2104可以以彼此不同的角度发射不同波长的光。为了清楚起见,本文可以使用单个光束来表示由激光雷达传感器、激光器或其他发光元件发射的光。另外地或替代性地,返回光(例如,反射回波等)可以经由在由视角β2限定的光学组件视野内的至少一个路径从低轮廓成像系统2100的外部行进到低轮廓成像系统2100内的激光雷达传感器2104的感测元件。在一些实施例中,第二反射元件2116可以设置在低轮廓成像系统2100中的第一反射元件2112的上方(例如,正上方等)。
图22A至图22C示出了低轮廓成像系统2100的实施例的可调整光学组件的示意图。在一些实施例中,图22A至图22C中所示的可调整光学组件的一个或多个部件可以替换结合图21A至图21C描述的光学组件2110的一个或多个部件。图22A至图22C中所示的可调整光学组件可以包括可调整反射元件2212(例如,具有可调整反射表面)和固定位置反射元件(例如,具有固定反射表面)。可调整反射元件2212可以与结合图21A至图21C描述的第一反射元件2112类似(例如,在结构、位置等方面)。固定位置反射元件2216可以与结合图21A至图21C描述的第二反射元件2116类似(如果不相同的话)(例如,在结构、位置等方面)。在一些实施例中,可调整反射元件2212可以包括可以围绕枢转点选择性地移动或旋转的至少一个反射表面。例如,可调整反射元件2212可以包括配置为围绕枢转点2204倾斜、旋转或移动的一个或多个微机电系统(MEMS)镜。在一个实施例中,可以经由凸轮致动、振荡、压电致动、螺线管致动和/或类似致动来致使反射表面围绕枢转点2204倾斜或枢转。在一些实施例中,可以调整可调整反射元件2212,以增大、更改或改变限定激光雷达传感器2104的感测视野的角度。在一些情况下,可以对可调整反射元件2212的安装件(例如,可移动和/或枢转安装件等)进行调整。
图22A示出了处于第一位置2200A的低轮廓成像系统2100的实施例的可调整光学组件的示意图。在一些实施例中,第一位置2200A可以对应于可调整反射元件2212和可调整光学组件的未调整或默认位置。在第一位置2200A,从激光雷达传感器2104发射的光可以沿着箭头组LP1所示的方向和角度远离成像系统从可调整反射元件2212引导(例如,经由反射)到固定位置反射元件2216。
图22B示出了处于第二位置2200B的低轮廓成像系统2100的实施例的可调整光学组件的示意图。在一些实施例中,第二位置2200B可以对应于第一调整位置,其中可调整反射元件2212已经倾斜和/或旋转(例如,围绕可调整反射元件2212的枢转点2204在逆时针方向上)。在第一调整位置2200B,从激光雷达传感器2104发射的光可以沿着调整箭头LP2所示的方向和角度从处于第一调整位置的可调整反射元件2212引导(例如,经由反射)到固定位置反射元件2216。如图22B所示,对可调整反射元件2212进行的调整致使由固定位置反射元件2216反射的光的离开角度(例如,反射角度)相对于参考线2202改变。在一些实施例中,参考线2202可以对应于图22A的未调整位置(例如,LP1)的光从固定位置反射元件2216沿着其引导的线。如图22B所示,沿着箭头LP2引导的发射光已被调整为在由从参考线2202(例如,下方)测量到的第一角度θ1限定的方向上行进。
图22C示出了处于第三位置2200C的低轮廓成像系统2100的实施例的可调整光学组件的示意图。在一些实施例中,第三位置2200C可以对应于第二调整位置,其中可调整反射元件2212已经倾斜和/或旋转(例如,围绕可调整反射元件2212的枢转点2204在顺时针方向上)。在第二调整位置2200C,从激光雷达传感器2104发射的光可以沿着调整箭头LP3所示的方向和角度从处于第二调整位置的可调整反射元件2212引导(例如,经由反射)到固定位置反射元件2216。如图22C所示,对可调整反射元件2212进行的调整致使由固定位置反射元件2216反射的光的离开角度(例如,反射角度)相对于参考线2202改变。如图22C所示,沿着箭头LP3引导的发射光已被调整为在由从参考线2202(例如,上方)测量到的第二角度θ2限定的方向上行进。
可以理解,与可调整反射元件2212相关联的枢转程度或角度可以改变来自固定位置反射元件2216的光的离开角度。在一些实施例中,可以通过改变可调整反射元件2212的旋转程度来控制来自光学组件的光或甚至光脉冲的离开角度(例如,在第一角度θ1与第二角度θ2之间的任何角度处)。另外地或替代性地,返回光(例如,反射回波等)可以在从光学组件和成像系统外部朝向反射元件2216、2212引导并且在由第一角度θ1和第二角度θ2限定的任何路径内行进时返回到激光雷达传感器2104。
图23A至图23C示出了低轮廓成像系统2100的实施例的可调整光学组件的示意图。在一些实施例中,图23A至图23C中所示的可调整光学组件的一个或多个部件可以替换结合图21A至图21C描述的光学组件2110的一个或多个部件。图23A至图23C中所示的可调整光学组件可以包括固定位置反射元件2312(例如,具有固定反射表面)和可调整反射元件2316(例如,具有可调整反射表面)。固定位置反射元件2312可以与结合图21A至图21C描述的第一反射元件2112类似(如果不相同的话)(例如,在结构、位置等方面)。可调整反射元件2316可以与结合图21A至图21C描述的第二反射元件2116类似(例如,在结构、位置等方面)。在一些实施例中,可调整反射元件2316可以包括可以围绕枢转点2304选择性地移动或旋转的至少一个反射表面。例如,可调整反射元件2316可以包括配置为围绕枢转点2304倾斜、旋转或移动的一个或多个MEMS镜。在一个实施例中,可以经由凸轮致动、振荡、压电致动、螺线管致动和/或类似致动来致使反射表面围绕枢转点2304倾斜或枢转。在一些实施例中,可以调整可调整反射元件2316,以增大、更改或改变限定激光雷达传感器2104的感测视野的角度。在一些情况下,可以对可调整反射元件2316的安装件(例如,可移动和/或枢转安装件等)进行调整。
图23A示出了处于第一位置2300A的低轮廓成像系统2100的实施例的可调整光学组件的示意图。在一些实施例中,第一位置2300A可以对应于可调整反射元件2316和可调整光学组件的未调整或默认位置。在第一位置2300A,从激光雷达传感器2104发射的光可以沿着箭头组LP1所示的方向和角度远离成像系统从固定位置反射元件2312引导(例如,经由反射)到可调整反射元件2316。
图23B示出了处于第二位置2300B的低轮廓成像系统2100的实施例的可调整光学组件的示意图。在一些实施例中,第二位置2300B可以对应于第一调整位置,其中可调整反射元件2316已经倾斜和/或旋转(例如,围绕可调整反射元件2316的枢转点2304在逆时针方向上)。在第一调整位置2300B,从激光雷达传感器2104发射的光可以沿着调整箭头LP2所示的方向和角度从固定位置反射元件2312引导(例如,经由反射)到处于第一调整位置的可调整反射元件2316。如图23B所示,对可调整反射元件2316进行的调整致使由可调整反射元件2316反射的光的离开角度(例如,反射角度)相对于参考线2302改变。在一些实施例中,参考线2302可以对应于图23A的未调整位置(例如,LP1)的光从可调整反射元件2316沿着其引导的线。如图23B所示,沿箭头LP2引导的发射光已被调整为在由从参考线2302(例如,上方)测量到的第一角度θ1限定的方向上行进。
图23C示出了处于第三位置2300C的低轮廓成像系统2100的实施例的可调整光学组件的示意图。在一些实施例中,第三位置2300C可以对应于第二调整位置,其中可调整反射元件2316已经倾斜和/或旋转(例如,围绕可调整反射元件2316的枢转点2304在顺时针方向上)。在第二调整位置2300C,从激光雷达传感器2104发射的光可以沿着调整箭头LP3所示的方向和角度从固定位置反射元件2312引导(例如,经由反射)到处于第二调整位置的可调整反射元件2316。如图23C所示,对可调整反射元件2316进行的调整致使由可调整反射元件2316反射的光的离开角度(例如,反射角度)相对于参考线2302改变。如图23C所示,沿箭头LP3引导的发射光已被调整为在由从参考线2302(例如,下方)测量到的第二角度θ2限定的方向上行进。
可以理解,与可调整反射元件2316相关联的枢转程度或角度可以改变来自其中的光的离开角度。在一些实施例中,可以通过改变可调整反射元件2316的旋转程度来控制来自光学组件的光或甚至光脉冲的离开角度(例如,在第一角度θ1与第二角度θ2之间的任何角度处)。另外地或替代性地,返回光(例如,反射回波等)可以在从光学组件和成像系统外部朝向反射元件2316、2312引导并且在由第一角度θ1和第二角度θ2限定的任何路径内行进时返回到激光雷达传感器2104。
图24A至图24C示出了低轮廓成像系统2100的实施例的可调整光学组件的示意图。在一些实施例中,图24A至图24C中所示的可调整光学组件的一个或多个部件可以替换结合图21A至图21C描述的光学组件2230的一个或多个部件。图24A至图24C中所示的可调整光学组件可以包括第一可调整反射元件2412(例如,具有第一可调整反射表面)和第二可调整反射元件2416(例如,具有第二可调整反射表面)。第一可调整反射元件2412可以与结合图21A至图21C描述的第一反射元件2112类似(如果不相同的话)(例如,在结构、位置等方面)。第二可调整反射元件2416可以与结合图21A至图21C描述的第二反射元件2116类似(例如,在结构、位置等方面)。在一些实施例中,第一可调整反射元件2412和第二可调整反射元件2416可以包括可以围绕枢转点2404A、2404B选择性地移动或旋转的至少一个反射表面。例如,第一可调整反射元件2412和/或第二可调整反射元件2416可以包括配置为围绕与MEMS镜相关联的枢转点2404A、2404B倾斜、旋转或移动的一个或多个MEMS镜。在一个实施例中,可以经由凸轮致动、振荡、压电致动、螺线管致动和/或类似致动来致使反射表面围绕枢转点2404A、2404B倾斜或枢转。在一些实施例中,可以调整可调反射元件2412、2416,以增大、更改或改变限定激光雷达传感器2104的感测视野的角度。在一些情况下,可以对可调整反射元件2412、2416的安装件(例如,可移动和/或枢转安装件等)进行调整。
使用可调整的第一反射元件2412和第二可调整反射元件2416允许光学组件通过对每个可调整反射元件2412、2416的相对较小角度调整来进行更大的角度变化。在一些情况下,对图24A至图24C中所示的反射元件2412、2416中的每一个反射元件进行的调整角度可以小于对分别结合图22A至图22C和图23A至图23C示出的单个反射元件2212、2316进行的调整角度,以复制所示的相同第一角度θ1和第二角度θ2。
图24A示出了处于第一位置2400A的低轮廓成像系统2100的实施例的可调整光学组件的示意图。在一些实施例中,第一位置2400A可以对应于可调整反射元件2412、2416和可调整光学组件中的每一者的未调整或默认位置。在第一位置2400A,从激光雷达传感器2104发射的光可以沿着箭头组LP1所示的方向和角度在远离成像系统的方向上从第一可调整反射元件2412引导(例如,经由反射)到第二可调整反射元件2416。
图24B示出了处于第二位置2400B的低轮廓成像系统2100的实施例的可调整光学组件的示意图。在一些实施例中,第二位置2400B可以对应于第一调整位置,其中第一可调整反射元件2412已经倾斜和/或旋转(例如,围绕第一可调整反射元件2412的枢转点2404A在逆时针方向上),并且其中第二可调整反射元件2416已经倾斜和/或旋转(例如,围绕第二可调整反射元件2416的枢转点2404B在顺时针方向上)。在第一调整位置2400B,从激光雷达传感器2104发射的光可以沿着调整箭头LP2所示的方向和角度从第一可调整反射元件2412引导(例如,经由反射)到处于第一调整位置的第二可调整反射元件2416。如图24B所示,对可调整反射元件2412、2416进行的调整致使由第二可调整反射元件2416反射的光的离开角度(例如,反射角度)相对于参考线2402改变。在一些实施例中,参考线2402可以对应于图24A的未调整位置(例如,LP1)的光从第二可调整反射元件2416沿着其引导的线。如图24B所示,沿着箭头LP2引导的发射光已被调整为在由从参考线2402(例如,下方)测量到的第一角度θ1限定的方向上行进。
图24C示出了处于第三位置2400C的低轮廓成像系统2100的实施例的可调整光学组件的示意图。在一些实施例中,第三位置2400C可以对应于第二调整位置,其中第一可调整反射元件2412已经倾斜和/或旋转(例如,围绕第一可调整反射元件2412的枢转点2404A在顺时针方向上),并且其中第二可调整反射元件2416已经倾斜和/或旋转(例如,围绕第二可调整反射元件2416的枢转点2404B在逆时针方向上)。在第二调整位置2400C,从激光雷达传感器2104发射的光可以沿着调整箭头LP3所示的方向和角度从第一可调整反射元件2412引导(例如,经由反射)到处于第二调整位置的第二可调整反射元件2416。如图24C所示,对可调整反射元件2412、2416进行的调整致使由第二可调整反射元件2416反射的光的离开角度(例如,反射角度)相对于参考线2402改变。如图24C所示,沿着箭头LP3引导的发射光已被调整为在由从参考线2402(例如,上方)测量到的第二角度θ2限定的方向上行进。
可以理解,与可调整反射元件2412、2416相关联的枢转程度或角度可以改变来自其中的光的离开角度。在一些实施例中,可以通过改变可调整反射元件2412、2416中的任何一个或多个可调整反射元件的旋转程度来控制来自光学组件的光或甚至光脉冲的离开角度(例如,在第一角度θ1与第二角度θ2之间的任何角度处)。例如,可以通过旋转反射元件2412、2416中的一个反射元件而不调整反射元件2412、2416中的另一个反射元件来引导光。另外地或替代性地,返回光(例如,反射回波等)可以在从光学组件和成像系统外部朝向可调整反射元件2416、2412引导并且在由第一角度θ1和第二角度θ2限定的任何路径内行进时返回到激光雷达传感器2104。
在一些实施例中,可调整反射元件2212、2316、2412、2416可以用作在光穿过光学组件的方向上的固定反射元件。换句话说,至少一个可调整反射元件2212、2316、2412、2416可以被包括在光学组件中,但不需要调整以引导光。在一个实施例中,可以连续地调整至少一个可调整反射元件2212、2316、2412、2416的角度(例如,经由第一角度θ1与第二角度θ2之间的振荡或振荡运动),例如,以便特别是在光围绕激光雷达传感器2104的周边或360度圆逐渐地或顺序地发射时引导所述光。
图25是根据本披露内容的实施例的用于自动地调整低轮廓成像系统2000、2100的观察能力的方法2500的流程图。虽然在图25中示出了方法2500的步骤的一般顺序,但是方法2500可以包括更多或更少的步骤,或者可以与图25中所示的步骤不同地排列步骤的顺序。通常,方法2500以开始操作2504开始并以结束操作2524结束。方法2500可以作为由计算机系统执行并编码或存储在计算机可读介质上的计算机可执行指令集来执行。在下文中,应参考结合图1至图24描述的系统、部件、组件、装置、用户界面、环境、软件等来解释方法2500。
方法2500在步骤2504开始,并且行进到确定低轮廓成像系统2000、2100的基线观察范围和极限(步骤2508)。可以通过围绕360度观察圆以各种角度从激光雷达传感器320、2104发射至少一个光脉冲来确定基线观察范围。然后,激光雷达传感器320、2104可以处理任何返回光(例如,反射回波等)的特性,以确定各种角度处的飞行时间。如果飞行时间下降到低于某个阈值,则可能存在与成像系统2000、2100相关联的观察范围或特征极限。
接下来,方法2500可以继续到确定是否存在与成像系统2000、2100相关联的任何范围或特征极限(步骤2512)。如上所述,观察范围或极限可以与感测环境的飞行时间特征相关联。例如,当飞行时间下降到低于某个阈值(例如,指示在车辆100的区域或体积内检测到目标等)时,可能存在与成像系统2000、2100相关联的范围或特征极限。在一些实施例中,检测到的目标可以是至少临时地与车辆100的一部分相关联的障碍物。障碍物可以是与车辆100的一部分接触或放置在车辆的一部分上的一些物体。这些物体的实例可以包括,但不限于,坐在车辆100上的鸟、在车辆100的一部分(例如,车辆100的车顶250)上的钱包、一杯咖啡、饮料和/或公文包等、和/或其组合。在一些情况下,障碍物可以是与车辆100相关联的物体的一些变形或改变。例如,受损的车身面板、售后市场更改、配件等和/或其组合可以是成像系统2000、2100的障碍物。如果观察范围或特征没有受限,则方法2500可以在步骤2532结束。
然而,在确定至少一个观察范围或特征受限的情况下,方法2500可以行进到确定是否应调整观察范围(步骤2516)。在一些实施例中,方法2500可以确定与观察范围和/或特征极限相关联的方位和/或位置。可以基于关于光在成像系统2000、2100周围的给定区域处由激光雷达传感器320、2104发射和反射时的位置的信息来确定观察范围和/或特征极限的这个方位和/或位置。在成像系统2000、2100的观察范围或特征受限的情况下,与观察范围和/或特征限制相关联的方位和/或位置可以用于确定限制的严重性级别。基于限制的严重性级别,方法2500可以在步骤2520确定调整观察系统(例如,当严重性级别在预定的可接受阈值内时)或者发送警告信号,如结合步骤2528所述(例如,当严重性级别在预定的可接受阈值之外时)。
当限制的严重性级别可接受时,方法2500可以行进到调整观察系统(步骤2520)。在一些实施例中,方法2500可以通过改变至少一个反射元件的位置来调整观察系统。位置的改变可以包括调整至少一个反射元件的水平或竖直位置。另外地或替代性地,位置的改变可以包括改变一个或多个反射元件的角度。在一些情况下,可能仅需要对光学组件和/或反射表面的一部分进行改变。例如,可能仅在与具有MEMS镜阵列的成像系统2000、2100的反射表面相关联的观察圆的一部分上发现遮挡。在这个实例中,可以调整MEMS镜阵列中的镜的子集的角度(例如,在具有限制的观察圆的部分的光路中),以增大观察范围和/或减小限制的影响。在这个实例中,其他MEMS镜(例如,在具有限制的观察圆的部分的光路之外)可以维持在原始、未调整或与所述子集的调整位置不同的其他位置。
接下来,方法2500可以继续到确定观察系统(例如,成像系统2000、2100)是否在预定操作阈值内起作用(步骤2524)。在这个步骤中,激光雷达传感器320、2104可以围绕360度观察圆以各种角度发射至少一个光脉冲,以确定更改的观察范围和极限。例如,激光雷达传感器320、2104可以处理任何返回光的特性,以确定调整后系统的各种角度处的飞行时间。如果飞行时间下降到低于某个阈值,则仍可能存在与成像系统2000、2100相关联的观察范围或特征极限,并且方法2500可以返回到步骤2516。然而,如果飞行时间在预定阈值内并且对成像系统2000、2100的观察范围的限制很少或没有限制,则方法2500可以在步骤2532结束。
如果成像系统2000、2100的观察范围无法被调整,或者不能在预定安全阈值内调整,则方法2500可以在步骤2528发送警告信号。警告信号可以包括将要呈现的消息传输到车辆100的显示器。例如,所述消息可以指示车辆100的用户从车辆100除去检测到的障碍物。在另一实例中,所述消息可以通知车辆100的用户成像系统2000、2100不能运行或允许某些驾驶功能(例如,大于级别3自主驾驶操作等)。在这个实例中,可以将警告信号发送到车辆控制系统348以限制驾驶功能。在任何情况下,车辆100或车辆100的操作可以变得不可操作,直到修正了观察范围限制。方法2500在步骤2532结束。
可以连续且自动地执行本文讨论的任何步骤、功能和操作。
已经关于车辆系统和电动车辆描述了本披露内容的示例性系统和方法。然而,为了避免不必要地模糊本披露内容,前面的描述省略了许多已知的结构和装置。这种省略不应被解释为对要求保护的披露内容的范围的限制。阐述了许多特定细节以提供对本披露内容的理解。然而,应了解,本披露内容可以以超出本文阐述的具体细节的各种方式来实践。
此外,虽然本文所示的示例性实施例示出了系统的相搭配的不同部件,但是系统的某些部件可以远程地定位、定位在诸如LAN和/或互联网的分布式网络的远距离部分处、或者定位在专用系统内。因此,应了解,该系统的部件可以组合成一个或多个装置,诸如服务器、通信装置,或并置在分布式网络的特定节点上,诸如模拟和/或数字电信网络、分组交换网络或电路交换网络。从前面的描述中将了解,并且出于计算效率的原因,系统的部件可以布置在分布式部件网络内的任何位置,而不影响系统的操作。
此外,应了解,连接元件的各种链路可以是有线或无线链路或其任何组合、或能够将数据提供/和通信到经连接的元件并从经连接的元件提供和/或通信数据的任何其他已知或后续发展的(一个或多个)元件。这些有线或无线链路也可以是安全链路,并且能够传达加密信息。例如,用作链路的传输介质可以是用于电信号的任何合适的载体,包括同轴电缆、铜线和光纤,并且可以采用声波或光波的形式,诸如在无线电波和红外线数据通信期间生成的那些。
尽管已经关于特定的事件序列讨论和说明了流程图,但是应了解,在不实质上影响所披露的实施例、配置和方面的操作的情况下,可以发生对这个序列的改变、添加和省略。
可以使用本披露内容的许多变化和修改。可以提供本披露内容的一些特征而不提供其他特征。
在又一实施例中,可以结合专用计算机、经编程的微处理器或微控制器和(一个或多个)外围集成电路元件、ASIC或其他集成电路、数字信号处理器、硬连线的电子器件或逻辑电路(诸如离散元件电路)、可编程逻辑装置或门阵列(诸如PLD、PLA、FPGA、PAL)、专用计算机、任何相当的器件等来实施本披露内容的系统和方法。通常,可以使用能够实施本文所示方法的任何(一个或多个)装置或器件来实施本披露内容的各个方面。可以用于本披露内容的示例性硬件包括计算机、手持式装置、电话(例如,蜂窝电话、支持互联网的电话、数字电话、模拟电话、混合型电话等)、以及本领域中已知的其他硬件。这些装置中的一些装置包括处理器(例如,单个或多个微处理器)、存储器、非易失性存储设备、输入装置和输出装置。此外,还可以构造替代性软件实现方式,包括但不限于,分布式处理或部件/对象分布式处理、并行处理或虚拟机处理,以实施本文描述的方法。
在又一实施例中,所披露的方法可以容易地结合使用对象或面向对象的软件开发环境的软件来实施,该软件开发环境提供可以在各种各样的计算机或工作站平台上使用的便携式源代码。替代性地,可以使用标准逻辑电路或VLSI设计部分地或完全地以硬件实施所披露的系统。使用软件还是硬件来实施根据本披露内容的系统取决于对系统的速度和/或效率要求、特定功能以及所使用的特定软件或硬件系统或微处理器或微计算机系统。
在又一实施例中,所披露的方法可以部分地以软件来实施,该软件可以存储在存储介质上,在与控制器和存储器合作的经编程通用计算机、专用计算机、微处理器等上执行。在这些情况下,本披露内容的系统和方法可以实施为嵌入在个人计算机上的程序(诸如小应用程序、或CGI脚本)、驻留在服务器或计算机工作站上的资源、嵌入专用测量系统、系统部件等的例程。该系统还可以通过将系统和/或方法物理地结合到软件和/或硬件系统中来实施。
尽管本披露内容参考特定标准和协议描述了在实施例中实施的部件和功能,但是本披露内容不限于这些标准和协议。本文未提及的其他类似标准和协议是存在的并且被认为包括在本披露内容中。此外,本文提及的标准和协议以及本文未提及的其他类似标准和协议定期地被具有基本相同功能的更快或更有效的等效物所取代。具有相同功能的这些替代标准和协议被认为是包括在本披露内容中的等效物。
本披露内容在各种实施例、配置和方面包括基本上如本文所描绘和描述的部件、方法、过程、系统和/或设备,包括其各种实施例、子组合以及子集。本领域技术人员在理解本披露内容之后将明白如何制造和使用本文披露的系统和方法。本披露内容在各种实施例、配置和方面包括在不存在本文未描绘和/或描述的事项的情况下或在其各种实施例、配置或方面(包括在不存在在之前的装置或过程中可能已经使用的此类事项的情况下),提供装置和过程,以例如用于改善性能、实现方便和/或降低实现成本。
已经出于说明和描述的目的呈现了本披露内容的前述讨论。前述内容并不旨在将本披露内容限制于本文披露的一种或多种形式。在例如上述具体实施方式中,出于精简本披露内容的目的,将本披露内容的各种特征在一个或多个实施例、配置或方面中组合在一起。本披露内容的实施例、配置或方面的特征可以在除了上面讨论的那些之外的替代性实施例、配置或方面中进行组合。本披露内容的这种方法不应被解释为反映以下意图:所要求保护的本披露内容需要比在各权利要求中明确叙述的更多的特征。而是,如所附权利要求所反映的,创造性方面仰赖于少于单个前述所披露实施例、配置或方面的所有特征。因此,所附权利要求特此结合在本具体实施方式中,其中每条权利要求依赖其自身作为本披露内容的独立的优选实施例。
而且,虽然本披露内容的描述已经包括对一个或多个实施例、配置或方面以及某些变更和修改的描述,但其他的变更、组合和修改也在本披露内容的范围之内,例如,正如可能在本领域的技术人员理解了本披露内容之后的技能和知识范围之内。旨在获得在允许的范围内包括替代性实施例、配置或方面的权利,包括对所要求保护的那些的替代性的、可互换的和/或等效的结构、功能、范围或步骤,而无论此类替代性的、可互换的和/或等效的结构、功能、范围或步骤是否在本文中披露,并且并非旨在公开地献出任何可获专利的主题。
提供了一种光成像和测距系统的方法、装置和系统。具体地,所述成像和测距系统包括激光雷达传感器和低轮廓光学组件,所述低轮廓光学组件具有反射元件,所述反射元件具有围绕激光雷达传感器的周边的在所述激光雷达传感器的光路中的连续且不间断的反射表面。所述反射元件定位在从所述激光雷达传感器的所述周边偏移的某一距离处,并且将由所述激光雷达传感器发射的光引导到第二反射元件,所述第二反射元件在形状和大小上与所述反射元件基本上类似。所述第二反射元件布置在所述反射元件上方并与其相对,从而将由所述激光雷达传感器发射的所述光引导到所述成像和测距系统外部的感测环境。
提供了传感器清洁装置、方法和系统。来自车辆的传感器的输出可以用于描述所述车辆周围的环境。在传感器被灰尘、碎片或碎屑遮挡的情况下,所述传感器可能无法充分描述自主控制操作的环境。响应于接收到对被遮挡的传感器的指示,本文描述的所述传感器清洁装置、方法和系统可以继续从所述传感器除去遮挡。
实施例包括一种方法,所述方法包括:经由处理器从车辆的监测所述车辆的一部分周围的环境的传感器接收输出;经由所述处理器确定所述车辆的所述传感器的第一传感器的第一随时间的输出;经由所述处理器确定所述车辆的传感器的第二传感器的第二随时间的输出;经由所述处理器并基于所述第一随时间的输出和所述第二随时间的输出中的传感器信息,从所述第一传感器和/或所述第二传感器中的至少一个传感器识别被遮挡的传感器;以及经由所述处理器向所述车辆的一个或多个装置发送包括关于所述被遮挡的传感器的信息的消息。
上述方法的方面包括:其中所述消息指示所述车辆的传感器清洁系统清洁所识别的被遮挡的传感器。上述方法的方面包括:其中所述第一随时间的输出中的所述传感器信息包括飞行时间,所述飞行时间限定由所述第一传感器发射的检测信号将被所述第一传感器检测到的时间。上述方法的方面包括:其中飞行时间最小阈值被限定为所述第一传感器检测到所述车辆的车身周边处的目标的时间量,并且其中基于所述第一随时间的输出中的所述飞行时间小于所述飞行时间最小阈值,将所述第一传感器识别为所述被遮挡的传感器。上述方法的方面包括:其中识别所述被遮挡的传感器还包括:经由所述处理器确定所述第一传感器和所述第二传感器是同一类型的传感器;经由所述处理器将所述第一随时间的输出与所述第二随时间的输出进行比较;以及经由所述处理器确定所述第一随时间的输出与所述第二随时间的输出之间的至少一个差异。上述方法的方面还包括:经由所述处理器确定所述车辆的所述传感器的第三传感器的第三随时间的输出,其中所述第三传感器是与所述第一传感器和所述第二传感器不同类型的传感器;经由所述处理器将所述第三随时间的输出的检测特性与所述第一随时间的输出和所述第二随时间的输出中的每一个随时间的输出的检测特性进行比较;以及经由所述处理器确定:当所述第三随时间的输出的所述检测特性无法与所述第一随时间的输出和/或所述第二随时间的输出的所述检测特性匹配时,所述被遮挡的传感器是所述第一传感器和/或所述第二传感器中的至少一个传感器。上述方法的方面包括:其中所述第一传感器是成像传感器并且所述第一随时间的输出包括随时间的所述车辆的所述部分周围的所述环境的第一计算机生成的图像,并且其中所述第二传感器是成像传感器并且所述第二随时间的输出包括随时间的所述车辆的所述部分周围的所述环境的第二计算机生成的图像。上述方法的方面包括:其中识别所述被遮挡的传感器还包括:经由所述处理器确定所述随时间的第一计算机生成的图像和第二计算机生成的图像中的目标的位置和大小,其中所述目标表示所述车辆的所述部分周围的所述环境中的物体。上述方法的方面包括:其中识别所述被遮挡的传感器还包括:经由所述处理器确定:当所述随时间的第一计算机生成的图像和第二计算机生成的图像中的一个图像中的所述目标中的至少一个目标不存在于所述随时间的第一计算机生成的图像和第二计算机生成的图像中的另一个图像中时,所述被遮挡的传感器是所述第一传感器或所述第二传感器中的一个传感器。上述方法的方面包括:其中识别所述被遮挡的传感器还包括:经由所述处理器并基于所述目标的所述位置和所述大小来确定所述目标在后续时刻的预测位置和大小。上述方法的方面包括:其中识别所述被遮挡的传感器还包括:经由所述处理器确定所述目标在后续随时间的第一计算机生成的图像和第二计算机生成的图像中的后续位置和大小;以及经由所述处理器确定:当所述目标在后续随时间的第一计算机生成的图像和/或第二计算机生成的图像中的所述后续位置和大小无法与所述目标在所述后续时刻的所述预测位置和大小匹配时,所述被遮挡的传感器是所述第一传感器和/或所述第二传感器中的至少一个传感器。
实施例包括一种车辆,所述车辆包括:至少一个传感器;微处理器,其联接到所述至少一个传感器;以及计算机可读介质,其联接到所述微处理器并包括存储在其上的指令,所述指令致使所述微处理器:从监测所述车辆的一部分周围的环境的所述至少一个传感器接收输出;确定所述至少一个传感器的第一传感器的第一随时间的输出;确定所述至少一个传感器的第二传感器的第二随时间的输出;基于所述第一随时间的输出和所述第二随时间的输出中的传感器信息,从所述第一传感器和/或所述第二传感器中的至少一个传感器识别被遮挡的传感器;以及向所述车辆的一个或多个装置发送包括关于所述被遮挡的传感器的信息的消息。
上述车辆的方面还包括:传感器清洁系统,其包括清洁所述车辆的所述至少一个传感器的一个或多个部件,并且其中所述消息被发送到所述传感器清洁系统以清洁所述识别的被遮挡的传感器。上述车辆的方面包括:其中所述第一随时间的输出中的所述传感器信息包括飞行时间,所述飞行时间限定由所述第一传感器发射的检测信号将被所述第一传感器检测到的时间。上述车辆的方面包括:其中飞行时间最小阈值被限定为所述第一传感器检测所述车辆的车身周边处的目标的时间量,并且其中基于所述第一随时间的输出中的所述飞行时间小于所述飞行时间最小阈值,将所述第一传感器识别为所述被遮挡的传感器。上述车辆的方面包括:其中所述第一传感器是成像传感器并且所述第一随时间的输出包括随时间的所述车辆的所述部分周围的所述环境的第一计算机生成的图像,并且其中所述第二传感器是成像传感器并且所述第二随时间的输出包括随时间的所述车辆的所述部分周围的所述环境的第二计算机生成的图像。上述车辆的方面包括:其中在识别所述被遮挡的传感器时,所述指令还致使所述微处理器:确定所述随时间的第一计算机生成的图像和第二计算机生成的图像中的目标的位置和大小,其中所述目标表示所述车辆的所述部分周围的所述环境中的物体;以及当所述随时间的第一计算机生成的图像和第二计算机生成的图像中的一个图像中的所述目标中的至少一个目标不存在于所述随时间的第一计算机生成的图像和第二计算机生成的图像中的另一个图像中时,确定所述被遮挡的传感器是所述第一传感器或所述第二传感器中的一个传感器。
实施例包括一种装置,所述装置包括:微处理器;以及计算机可读介质,其联接到所述微处理器并包括存储在其上的指令,所述指令致使所述微处理器:从车辆的监测所述车辆的一部分周围的环境的传感器接收输出;确定所述车辆的所述传感器的第一传感器的第一随时间的输出;确定所述车辆的传感器的第二传感器的第二随时间的输出;基于所述第一随时间的输出和所述第二随时间的输出中的传感器信息,从所述第一传感器和/或所述第二传感器中的至少一个传感器识别被遮挡的传感器;以及向所述车辆的一个或多个装置发送包括关于所述被遮挡的传感器的信息的消息。
上述装置的方面包括:其中所述消息指示所述车辆的传感器清洁系统清洁所识别的被遮挡的传感器。上述装置的方面包括:其中所述指令致使所述微处理器向所述车辆的显示装置呈现关于所述被遮挡的传感器的所述信息的至少一部分。
实施例包括一种传感器清洁系统,所述传感器清洁系统包括:至少一个传感器清洁装置,其包括遮挡清洁元件;微处理器;以及计算机可读介质,其联接到所述微处理器并包括存储在其上的指令,所述指令致使所述微处理器:与车辆的传感器处理器通信,其中所述传感器处理器从所述车辆的监测所述车辆的外部环境的传感器接收输出;从识别具有被遮挡的传感器表面的所述车辆的传感器的传感器处理器接收清洁命令;从所述至少一个传感器清洁装置中确定与所识别的传感器相关联的传感器清洁装置;以及向与所述识别的传感器相关联的所确定的传感器清洁装置发送电信号,其中所述电信号致动所确定的传感器清洁装置的所述遮挡清洁元件。
上述传感器清洁系统的方面包括:其中所述确定的传感器清洁装置是加压流体传感器清洁装置,所述加压流体传感器清洁装置包括:流体引导喷嘴,其配置为将加压流体朝向所述识别的传感器的所述被遮挡的传感器表面引导;流体供应源,其配置为包含所述加压流体;以及流体管线,其可操作地附接在所述流体引导喷嘴与所述流体供应源之间,其中所述流体管线配置为将加压流体从所述流体供应源传送到所述流体引导喷嘴。上述传感器清洁系统的方面包括:其中所述加压流体是气体,并且其中所述流体供应源包括压缩机。上述传感器清洁系统的方面包括:其中所述确定的传感器清洁装置是致动擦拭器型传感器清洁装置,所述致动擦拭器型传感器清洁装置包括:轨道,其邻近所述识别的传感器设置;托架,其被配置为沿着所述轨道的长度移动;擦拭器刮片,其可操作地连接到所述托架并且配置为与所述托架一起移动;以及致动器,其配置为将由所述微处理器发送的所述电信号转换成所述托架沿着所述轨道的所述长度的机械运动,并且使所述擦拭器刮片接触所述传感器表面的一部分并清理遮挡。上述传感器清洁系统的方面包括:其中所述确定的传感器清洁装置是非接触式传感器清洁装置,所述非接触式传感器清洁装置包括:第一超声换能器阵列,其邻近所述识别的传感器设置,其中所述第一超声换能器阵列中的每个超声换能器配置为朝向所述识别的传感器的所述被遮挡的传感器表面选择性地发射第一超声脉冲。上述传感器清洁系统的方面还包括:第二超声换能器阵列,其邻近所述识别的传感器且正交于所述第一超声换能器阵列设置,其中所述第二超声换能器阵列中的每个超声换能器配置为朝向所述识别的传感器的所述被遮挡的传感器表面选择性地发射第二超声脉冲,并且其中所述第一超声脉冲和所述第二超声脉冲的力在所发射的第一超声脉冲和第二超声脉冲的交叉处倍增。上述传感器清洁系统的方面包括:其中所述确定的传感器清洁装置是旋转透镜式传感器清洁装置,所述旋转透镜式传感器清洁装置包括:透镜,其具有基本上圆形的外周边和中空内部部分,所述中空内部部分限定配置为接收所述车辆的至少一个传感器的内部传感器环境,并且其中所述被遮挡的传感器表面位于所述透镜的所述圆形外周边的一部分上;机动化旋转驱动轮,其可操作地连接到所述透镜并配置为使所述透镜围绕旋转轴线旋转;以及至少一个擦拭元件,其与所述透镜的所述圆形外周边接触,其中所述透镜配置为相对于所述至少一个擦拭元件旋转。上述传感器清洁系统的方面包括:其中所述旋转透镜式传感器清洁装置的一部分设置在所述车辆的车身内部,并且其中所述至少一个擦拭元件附接到所述车辆的所述车身。上述传感器清洁系统的方面还包括:透镜清洁系统,其包括:加压流体喷嘴,其配置为将加压流体朝向所述透镜引导;以及碎屑移除表面,其邻近所述加压流体喷嘴设置并与所述透镜接触。上述传感器清洁系统的方面包括:其中所述确定的传感器清洁装置包括:至少一个擦拭元件,其与所述识别的传感器的传感器表面接触;以及致动器,其附接到所述识别的传感器的一部分并配置为使所述识别的传感器的所述部分相对于所述至少一个擦拭元件移动,所述致动器具有延伸传感器位置和缩回传感器位置,并且其中所述至少一个擦拭元件配置为在所述致动器在所述延伸传感器位置与所述缩回传感器位置之间移动时在所述识别的传感器的所述传感器表面的一部分上移动。上述传感器清洁系统的方面包括:其中在所述致动器在所述延伸传感器位置与所述缩回传感器位置之间移动时,所述至少一个擦拭元件围绕轴线枢转。上述传感器清洁系统的方面包括:其中经由来自连接在所述至少一个擦拭元件与固定壁之间的弹簧元件的力而维持所述至少一个擦拭元件与所述识别的传感器的所述传感器表面接触。上述传感器清洁系统的方面包括:其中在所述缩回传感器位置中,由所述至少一个擦拭元件保护所述识别的传感器免受与所述车辆相关联的外部环境的影响。上述传感器清洁系统的方面包括:其中所述至少一个擦拭元件是柔性材料,所述柔性材料配置为弹性变形并且在其中形成开口,所述开口在所述致动器处于所述延伸传感器位置时暴露所述识别的传感器的观察部分并且在所述致动器处于所述缩回传感器位置时隐藏所述识别的传感器的所述观察部分。
实施例包括一种车辆,所述车辆包括:至少一个传感器,其监测所述车辆外部的环境;以及传感器清洁系统,其包括:所述车辆的至少一个传感器清洁装置,其包括遮挡清洁元件;微处理器;以及计算机可读介质,其联接到所述微处理器并包括存储在其上的指令,所述指令致使所述微处理器:与所述车辆的传感器处理器通信,其中所述传感器处理器从所述车辆的所述至少一个传感器接收输出;从识别所述车辆的所述至少一个传感器中的具有被遮挡的传感器表面的传感器的所述传感器处理器接收清洁命令;从所述至少一个传感器清洁装置中确定与所述识别的传感器相关联的传感器清洁装置;以及向与所述识别的传感器相关联的所确定的传感器清洁装置发送电信号,其中所述电信号致动所述确定的传感器清洁装置的所述遮挡清洁元件。
上述车辆的方面包括:其中所述确定的传感器清洁装置是非接触式传感器清洁装置,所述非接触式传感器清洁装置包括:第一超声换能器阵列,其邻近所述识别的传感器设置,其中所述第一超声换能器阵列中的每个超声换能器配置为朝向所述识别的传感器的所述被遮挡的传感器表面选择性地发射第一超声脉冲。上述车辆的方面包括:其中所述确定的传感器清洁装置是旋转透镜式传感器清洁装置,所述旋转透镜式传感器清洁装置包括:透镜,其具有基本上圆形的外周边和中空内部部分,所述中空内部部分限定配置为接收所述车辆的一个或多个传感器的内部传感器环境,并且其中所述被遮挡的传感器表面位于所述透镜的所述圆形外周边的一部分上;机动化旋转驱动轮,其可操作地连接到所述透镜并配置为使所述透镜围绕旋转轴线旋转;以及至少一个擦拭元件,其与所述透镜的所述圆形外周边接触,其中所述透镜配置为相对于所述至少一个擦拭元件旋转。上述车辆的方面包括:其中所述确定的传感器清洁装置包括:至少一个擦拭元件,其与所述识别的传感器的传感器表面接触;以及致动器,其附接到所述识别的传感器的一部分并配置为使所述识别的传感器的所述部分相对于所述至少一个擦拭元件移动,所述致动器具有延伸传感器位置和缩回传感器位置,并且其中所述至少一个擦拭元件配置为在所述致动器在所述延伸传感器位置与所述缩回传感器位置之间移动时在所述识别的传感器的所述传感器表面的一部分上移动。上述车辆的方面包括:其中当所述致动器处于所述延伸传感器位置时,所述识别的传感器的观察部分暴露于所述车辆外部的环境,并且其中当所述致动器处于所述缩回传感器位置时,所述识别的传感器的所述观察部分从所述车辆外部的所述环境隐藏。
实施例包括一种车辆的传感器清洁装置,所述传感器清洁装置包括:至少一个车辆传感器清洁元件;微处理器;以及计算机可读介质,其联接到所述微处理器并包括存储在其上的指令,所述指令致使所述微处理器:从车辆的传感器清洁系统接收电信号,其中所述电信号致动所述至少一个车辆传感器清洁元件;确定所述至少一个车辆传感器清洁元件是否被致动;以及向所述车辆的所述传感器清洁系统发送包括关于所述确定的信息的消息。
实施例包括一种用于车辆的成像和测距系统,所述成像和测距系统包括:传感器,其配置为围绕其周边发射激光;第一反射元件,其设置在所述传感器周围并且包括位于从所述传感器发射的所述激光的光路中的第一反射表面,其中所述第一反射表面围绕所述第一反射元件的整个周边形成连续且不间断的反射区域,并且其中所述第一反射表面配置为以远离所述传感器的反射角度和方向引导从所述传感器发射的所述激光;以及第二反射元件,其设置在所述传感器周围并且包括位于经定向激光的光路中的第二反射表面,其中所述第二反射表面配置为以与从所述传感器发射的激光相同的反射角度和方向引导由所述第一反射表面反射的所述经定向激光。
上述成像和测距系统的方面包括:其中所述传感器是光成像检测和测距(激光雷达)系统。上述成像和测距系统的方面包括:其中所述第二反射表面围绕所述第二反射元件的整个周边形成连续且不间断的反射区域。上述成像和测距系统的方面包括:其中所述传感器周围的所述第一反射元件的形状与所述传感器周围的所述第二反射元件的形状基本上匹配。上述成像和测距系统的方面包括:其中所述第二反射元件设置在所述第一反射元件的上方。上述成像和测距系统的方面包括:其中所述第一反射表面和/或所述第二反射表面中的至少一个反射表面可相对于从所述传感器发射的所述激光的角度调整。上述成像和测距系统的方面包括:其中由所述传感器发射的所述激光的入射角度可相对于所述第一反射表面调整。上述成像和测距系统的方面包括:其中所述第一反射表面经由使所述第一反射表面的安装件枢转而可相对于从所述传感器发射的所述激光的角度调整。上述成像和测距系统的方面包括:其中所述第二反射表面经由使所述第二反射表面的安装件枢转而可相对于从所述传感器发射的所述激光的角度调整。上述成像和测距系统的方面包括:其中所述第一反射表面和/或所述第二反射表面中的至少一个反射表面可经由所述第一反射表面和/或所述第二反射表面中的至少一个反射表面的安装件经受的振荡运动而调整。上述成像和测距系统的方面还包括:壳体,其包括:基座,其具有刚性平面区域;第一支撑构件,其附接到所述基座的周边;以及光学屏蔽件,其围绕所述基座的所述周边形成并且由所述第一支撑构件支撑;其中所述传感器在所述刚性平面区域的中心部分附接到所述基座,并且其中所述第一反射元件和所述第二反射元件设置在所述壳体内。上述成像和测距系统的方面包括:其中所述壳体的形状符合车顶的形状并与所述车辆的拔模角度匹配。上述成像和测距系统的方面包括:其中所述传感器周围的所述第一反射元件的形状基本上是具有圆角的矩形。
实施例包括一种车辆,所述车辆包括:车架,其具有安装到其的一个或多个车身面板,其中所述车身面板中的至少一个车身面板是设置在所述车辆的顶部部分上的车顶;以及光成像检测和测距(激光雷达)系统,其附接到所述车辆的所述车顶,所述激光雷达系统包括:传感器,其配置为围绕其周边发射激光;第一反射元件,其设置在所述传感器周围并且包括位于从所述传感器发射的所述激光的光路中的第一反射表面,其中所述第一反射表面围绕所述第一反射元件的整个周边形成连续且不间断的反射区域,并且其中所述第一反射表面配置为以远离所述传感器的反射角度和方向引导从所述传感器发射的所述激光;以及第二反射元件,其设置在所述传感器周围并且包括位于经定向激光的光路中的第二反射表面,其中所述第二反射表面配置为以与从所述传感器发射的激光相同的反射角度和方向引导由所述第一反射表面反射的所述经定向激光。
上述成像和测距系统的方面包括:其中所述第二反射表面围绕所述第二反射元件的整个周边形成连续且不间断的反射区域。上述成像和测距系统的方面包括:其中所述传感器周围的所述第一反射元件的形状与所述传感器周围的所述第二反射元件的形状基本上匹配,并且其中所述第二反射元件设置在所述第一反射元件的上方。上述成像和测距系统的方面包括:其中所述第一反射表面和/或所述第二反射表面中的至少一个反射表面可相对于从所述传感器发射的所述激光的角度调整。上述成像和测距系统的方面包括:其中所述激光雷达系统还包括:壳体,其包括:基座,其具有刚性平面区域;第一支撑构件,其附接到所述基座的周边;以及光学屏蔽件,其围绕所述基座的所述周边形成并且由所述第一支撑构件支撑;其中所述传感器在所述刚性平面区域的中心部分附接到所述基座,并且其中所述第一反射元件和所述第二反射元件设置在所述壳体内。上述成像和测距系统的方面包括:其中所述壳体的形状符合车顶的形状并与所述车辆的拔模角度匹配。
实施例包括一种用于车辆的低轮廓成像系统,所述低轮廓成像系统包括:车顶安装的集成光成像检测和测距(激光雷达)系统,其包括:激光发生器,其配置为围绕其周边发射激光;以及光电二极管接收器,其配置为检测从所述发射的激光反射离开目标区域中的物体而返回到所述激光雷达系统的反射激光;第一反射元件,其设置在所述激光雷达系统周围并且包括位于从所述激光发生器发射的所述激光的光路中的第一反射表面,其中所述第一反射表面围绕所述第一反射元件的整个周边形成连续且不间断的反射区域,并且其中所述第一反射表面配置为以远离所述激光雷达系统的反射角度和方向引导从所述激光发生器发射的所述激光;以及第二反射元件,其设置在所述传感器周围并且包括位于经定向激光的光路中的第二反射表面,其中所述第二反射表面配置为以与从所述激光发生器发射的所述激光相同的反射角度和方向引导由所述第一反射表面反射的所述经定向激光。
如本文基本上披露的所述方面/实施例中的任一个或多个方面/实施例。
如本文基本上披露的任何一个或多个方面/实施例可选地与如本文基本上披露的任何一个或多个其他方面/实施例相组合。
一个或装置适于执行如本文基本上披露的上述方面/实施例中的任一个或多个方面/实施例。
短语“至少一个”、“一个或多个”、“或”和“和/或”是开放式表达,这些短语在操作中既是结合的又是分离的。例如,表达“A、B和C中的至少一者”、“A、B或C中的至少一者”、“A、B和C中的一者或多者”、“A、B或C中的一者或多者”、“A、B和/或C”、“A、B或C”中的每个表达意指单独的A、单独的B、单独的C、A和B在一起、A和C在一起、B和C在一起、或A、B和C在一起。
术语“一”或“一个”实体指的是一个或多个该实体。这样,术语“一”(或“一个”),“一个或多个”和“至少一个”在本文中可互换使用。还应注意,术语“包括”、“包含”和“具有”可互换使用。
如本文所使用的,术语“自动”及其变体指的是在执行过程或操作时,在没有重要的人为输入的情况下完成的任何过程或操作,该过程或操作通常是连续的或半连续的。然而,如果在执行过程或操作之前接收到输入,即使过程或操作的执行使用了重要的或不重要的人为输入,过程或操作也可以是自动的。如果此类输入影响过程或操作的执行方式,则认为人为输入是重要的。同意执行过程或操作的人为输入不认为是“重要的”。
本披露内容的各方面可以采取完全是硬件的实施例、完全是软件的实施例(包括固件、常驻软件、微代码等)、或者组合了软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式,这些通常都可以在这里被称为“电路”、“模块”或“系统”。可以使用一个或多个计算机可读介质(一个或多个)的任何组合。计算机可读介质可以是计算机可读信号介质或计算机可读存储介质。
计算机可读存储介质可以是例如但不限于电子、磁、光、电磁、红外或半导体系统、设备或装置、或前述的任何合适的组合。计算机可读存储介质的更具体实例(非详尽列表)将包括以下:具有一根或多根导线的电连接、便携式计算机磁盘、硬盘、随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM或闪存存储器)、光纤、便携式光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、光学存储装置、磁性存储装置或前述的任何合适组合。在本文件的上下文中,计算机可读存储介质可以是任何有形介质,其可以包含或存储程序以用于由指令执行系统、设备或装置使用或与其结合使用。
计算机可读信号介质可以包括传播的数据信号,其中计算机可读程序代码嵌入在该数据信号中,例如,在基带中或作为载波的一部分。这种传播的信号可以采用各种各样的形式中的任何一种,包括但不限于电磁、光学或其任何合适的组合。计算机可读信号介质可以是任何计算机可读介质,其并非计算机可读存储介质并且可以传送、传播或传输程序,以用于由指令执行系统、设备或装置使用或与其结合使用。计算机可读介质上嵌入的程序代码可以使用任何适当的媒介来传输,包括但不限于无线、有线、光纤电缆、RF等、或者前述的任何合适的组合。
如本文所使用的,术语“确定”、“计算”、“推断”及其变体可互换使用,并且包括任何类型的方法、过程、数学运算或技术。
术语“电动车辆”(EV)在本文中也称为电驱动车辆,可以使用一个或多个电动马达或牵引马达来推进。电动车辆可以用来自车外来源的电力通过收集器系统被供电、或者可以自含有电池或发电机以将燃料转换成电力。电动车辆总体上包括可再充电的电力储存系统(RESS)(也称为全电动车辆(FEV))。电力储存方法可以包括:储存在车辆的车载电池(例如,电池电动车辆或BEV)、车载动能存储器(例如,惯性轮)中的化学能、和/或静态能量(例如,通过车载双层电容器)。电池、双电层电容器和惯性轮能量储存器可以是可再充电的车载电储存器的形式。
术语“混合动力电动车辆”是指可以将常规(通常是化石燃料供能的)动力系与某种形式的电动推进相结合的车辆。大多数混合动力电动车辆将常规内燃机(ICE)推进系统与电动推进系统(混合动力车辆传动系)相结合。在并联式混合动力车中,ICE和电动马达都连接至机械传动装置、并且通常可以通过常规传动装置同时传递动力以驱动车轮。在串联式混合动力车中,仅电动马达驱动动力系,并且较小的ICE用作发电机以对电动马达供电或对电池再充电。动力分配式混合动力车具有串联和并联特性。完全混合动力车、有时也称为强混合动力车,是可以仅以发动机、仅以电池或以两者的组合运行的车辆。中型混合动力车是不能单独以其电动马达驱动的车辆,因为电动马达没有足够的动力来自行推进车辆。
术语“可再充电电动车辆”或“REV”是指具有车载可再充电能量储存装置的车辆,包括电动车辆和混合动力电动车辆。
Claims (16)
1.一种检测方法,包括:
经由处理器从车辆的监测所述车辆的一部分周围的环境的传感器接收输出;
经由所述处理器确定所述车辆的所述传感器的第一传感器的第一随时间的输出;
经由所述处理器确定所述车辆的传感器的第二传感器的第二随时间的输出;
经由所述处理器并基于所述第一随时间的输出和所述第二随时间的输出中的传感器信息,从所述第一传感器和/或所述第二传感器中的至少一个传感器识别被遮挡的传感器;以及
经由所述处理器向所述车辆的一个或多个装置发送包括关于所述被遮挡的传感器的信息的消息,其中,所述第一随时间的输出中的所述传感器信息包括飞行时间,所述飞行时间限定由所述第一传感器发射的检测信号将被所述第一传感器检测到的时间,其中,飞行时间最小阈值被限定为所述第一传感器检测所述车辆的车身周边处的目标的时间量,并且其中基于所述第一随时间的输出中的所述飞行时间小于所述飞行时间最小阈值,将所述第一传感器识别为所述被遮挡的传感器。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述消息指示所述车辆的传感器清洁系统清洁所述识别的被遮挡的传感器。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,识别所述被遮挡的传感器还包括:
经由所述处理器确定所述第一传感器和所述第二传感器是同一类型的传感器;
经由所述处理器将所述第一随时间的输出与所述第二随时间的输出进行比较;以及
经由所述处理器确定所述第一随时间的输出与所述第二随时间的输出之间的至少一个差异。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,还包括:
经由所述处理器确定所述车辆的所述传感器的第三传感器的第三随时间的输出,其中所述第三传感器是与所述第一传感器和所述第二传感器不同类型的传感器;
经由所述处理器将所述第三随时间的输出的检测特性与所述第一随时间的输出和所述第二随时间的输出中的每一个随时间的输出的检测特性进行比较;以及
经由所述处理器确定:当所述第三随时间的输出的所述检测特性无法与所述第一随时间的输出和/或所述第二随时间的输出的所述检测特性匹配时,所述被遮挡的传感器是所述第一传感器和/或所述第二传感器中的至少一个传感器。
5.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述第一传感器是成像传感器并且所述第一随时间的输出包括随时间的所述车辆的所述部分周围的所述环境的第一计算机生成的图像,并且其中所述第二传感器是成像传感器并且所述第二随时间的输出包括随时间的所述车辆的所述部分周围的所述环境的第二计算机生成的图像。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中,识别所述被遮挡的传感器还包括:
经由所述处理器确定所述随时间的第一计算机生成的图像和第二计算机生成的图像中的目标的位置和大小,其中所述目标表示所述车辆的所述部分周围的所述环境中的物体。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中,识别所述被遮挡的传感器还包括:
经由所述处理器确定:当所述随时间的第一计算机生成的图像和第二计算机生成的图像中的一个图像中的所述目标中的至少一个目标不存在于所述随时间的第一计算机生成的图像和第二计算机生成的图像中的另一个图像中时,所述被遮挡的传感器是所述第一传感器或所述第二传感器中的一个传感器。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中,识别所述被遮挡的传感器还包括:
经由所述处理器并基于所述目标的所述位置和所述大小来确定所述目标在后续时刻的预测位置和大小。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中,识别所述被遮挡的传感器还包括:
经由所述处理器确定所述目标在后续随时间的第一计算机生成的图像和第二计算机生成的图像中的后续位置和大小;以及
经由所述处理器确定:当所述目标在后续随时间的第一计算机生成的图像和/或第二计算机生成的图像中的所述后续位置和大小无法与所述目标在所述后续时刻处的所述预测位置和大小时匹配,所述被遮挡的传感器是所述第一传感器和/或所述第二传感器中的至少一个传感器。
10.一种车辆,包括:
至少一个传感器;
微处理器,其联接到所述至少一个传感器;以及
计算机可读介质,其联接到所述微处理器并包括存储在其上的指令,所述指令致使所述微处理器:
从监测所述车辆的一部分周围的环境的所述至少一个传感器接收输出;
确定所述至少一个传感器的第一传感器的第一随时间的输出;
确定所述至少一个传感器的第二传感器的第二随时间的输出;
基于所述第一随时间的输出和所述第二随时间的输出中的传感器信息,从所述第一传感器和/或所述第二传感器中的至少一个传感器识别被遮挡的传感器;以及
向所述车辆的一个或多个装置发送包括关于所述被遮挡的传感器的信息的消息,其中,所述第一随时间的输出中的所述传感器信息包括飞行时间,所述飞行时间限定由所述第一传感器发射的检测信号将被所述第一传感器检测到的时间,其中,飞行时间最小阈值被限定为所述第一传感器检测所述车辆的车身周边处的目标的时间量,并且其中基于所述第一随时间的输出中的所述飞行时间小于所述飞行时间最小阈值,将所述第一传感器识别为所述被遮挡的传感器。
11.如权利要求10所述的车辆,还包括:
传感器清洁系统,其包括清洁所述车辆的所述至少一个传感器的一个或多个部件,并且其中所述消息被发送到所述传感器清洁系统以清洁所述识别的被遮挡的传感器。
12.如权利要求11所述的车辆,其中,所述第一传感器是成像传感器并且所述第一随时间的输出包括随时间的所述车辆的所述部分周围的所述环境的第一计算机生成的图像,并且其中所述第二传感器是成像传感器并且所述第二随时间的输出包括随时间的所述车辆的所述部分周围的所述环境的第二计算机生成的图像。
13.如权利要求12所述的车辆,其中,在识别所述被遮挡的传感器时,所述指令还致使所述微处理器:
确定所述随时间的第一计算机生成的图像和第二计算机生成的图像中的目标的位置和大小,其中所述目标表示所述车辆的所述部分周围的所述环境中的物体;以及
当所述随时间的第一计算机生成的图像和第二计算机生成的图像中的一个图像中的所述目标中的至少一个目标不存在于所述随时间的第一计算机生成的图像和第二计算机生成的图像中的另一个图像中时,确定所述被遮挡的传感器是所述第一传感器或所述第二传感器中的一个传感器。
14.一种检测装置,包括:
微处理器;以及
计算机可读介质,其联接到所述微处理器并包括存储在其上的指令,所述指令致使所述微处理器:
从车辆的监测所述车辆的一部分周围的环境的传感器接收输出;
确定所述车辆的所述传感器的第一传感器的第一随时间的输出;
确定所述车辆的传感器的第二传感器的第二随时间的输出;
基于所述第一随时间的输出和所述第二随时间的输出中的传感器信息,从所述第一传感器和/或所述第二传感器中的至少一个传感器识别被遮挡的传感器;以及
向所述车辆的一个或多个装置发送包括关于所述被遮挡的传感器的信息的消息,其中,所述第一随时间的输出中的所述传感器信息包括飞行时间,所述飞行时间限定由所述第一传感器发射的检测信号将被所述第一传感器检测到的时间,其中,飞行时间最小阈值被限定为所述第一传感器检测所述车辆的车身周边处的目标的时间量,并且其中基于所述第一随时间的输出中的所述飞行时间小于所述飞行时间最小阈值,将所述第一传感器识别为所述被遮挡的传感器。
15.如权利要求14所述的检测装置,其中,所述消息指示所述车辆的传感器清洁系统清洁所述识别的被遮挡的传感器。
16.如权利要求15所述的检测装置,其中,所述指令致使所述微处理器向所述车辆的显示装置呈现关于所述被遮挡的传感器的所述信息的至少一部分。
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