CN104619447B - 用于切割平滑反射的表面的方法和装置 - Google Patents
用于切割平滑反射的表面的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
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Abstract
本文所述的实施例涉及用于切割部件以在其上形成高度反射且平滑的表面的方法、系统和结构。在一些实施例中,该部件包括具有边缘和拐角的基本水平表面和基本垂直表面。在所述实施例中,金刚石切割器用于在铣削操作期间切割部件的表面,其中金刚石切割器随着铣床的心轴的每次旋转而多次接触该部件。金刚石切割器具有切割刃和刃棱面。切割刃切割部件的表面并且刃棱面打磨部件的表面以形成高度反射且平滑的表面。因此,金刚石切割器切割并打磨该部件的部分,从而省去了后续抛光步骤。
Description
技术领域
本发明所描述的实施例整体涉及切割和表面修整。更具体地,涉及用于在成品上切割高度反射且平滑的表面的方法与工具。
背景技术
许多消费产品诸如电子设备具有由金属制造的表面。在许多情况下,这些金属表面是光亮且反射的,以便增强产品的外观和感觉。一般来讲,金属表面越平滑,其反射性就越高。常常对这些金属表面进行抛光,以摩擦或以化学方式减少金属表面的不规则外形的量,从而留下更平滑的轮廓,并且因此获得更光亮的表面。
在一些情况下,金属表面可能包括锋利边缘和特征部。由于标准抛光技术通常会降低金属表面的总体外形,因此这些标准抛光技术还可能侵蚀锋利边缘,留下圆形或锥形的特征部。
因此,希望能够提供一种用于产生高度反射的金属表面同时尤其是在锋利边缘处保持工件几何形状的完整性的设备与方法。
发明内容
本文描述了涉及使用能够切割和打磨表面的切割器切割和修整表面的各种实施例。所述方法可用于切割高度反射且平滑的表面并将该高度反射且平滑的表面提供至部件,诸如电子设备的壳体。该切割方法可用于切割金属表面或非金属表面。在一些实施例中,所述方法涉及切割具有基本水平表面和基本垂直表面的部件。例如,所述方法可用于沿电子设备的壳体的边缘来切割斜面部分。然后可为高度反射且平滑的表面提供保护层,诸如阳极化层。
在所描述的实施例中,切割器具有切割刃、根部和设置在切割刃和根部之间的刃棱面。在一些实施例中,切割器由金刚石材料诸如单晶金刚石或多晶金刚石制成。可将切割器与铣床一起使用,其中切割器随着铣床心轴的每次旋转而多次接触工件。切割刃切割工件的表面并且刃棱面打磨工件的表面,从而形成高度反射且平滑的表面。在一些实施例中,切割器的根部还可打磨工件的表面。因此,切割器可在一次操作中切割并打磨工件的部分,从而省去了后续抛光步骤。
根据一个实施例,描述了一种使用金刚石切割器切割部件的方法。金刚石切割器具有切割刃和刃棱面。该方法涉及使用切割刃切割部件的第一表面以形成具有多个峰和谷的第二表面。该峰减小了第二表面的总体反射性和平滑性。该方法还涉及使用刃棱面来打磨第二表面以基本上移除所有的峰,从而形成高度反射且平滑的第三表面。切割和打磨包括铣削操作,其中将金刚石切割器联接到铣床。金刚石切割器围绕铣床的心轴旋转,使得金刚石切割器随着心轴的每次旋转而接触部件。
根据另一个实施例,描述了一种使用金刚石切割器在部件上形成高度反射且平滑的金属表面的方法。金刚石切割器包括切割刃和刃棱面。该方法涉及在部件的第一金属表面上形成第一阳极化层。该部件包括具有基本垂直部分和基本水平部分的第一表面。在基本垂直部分和基本水平部分的至少部分上形成第一阳极化层。该方法还涉及利用金刚石切割器的切割刃切割第一阳极化层的一部分和第一阳极化层下方的金属的一部分以形成具有多个峰和谷的第二表面。该峰减小了第二表面的总体反射性和平滑性。该方法还涉及使用金刚石切割器的刃棱面打磨第二表面以基本上移除所有的峰,从而形成高度反射且平滑的第三表面。切割和打磨包括铣削操作,其中将金刚石切割器联接到铣床并且金刚石切割器围绕铣床的心轴旋转,使得金刚石切割器随着心轴的每次旋转而接触部件。该方法还涉及在至少高度反射且平滑的第三表面上形成第二阳极化层。
根据另外的实施例,描述了一种使用金刚石切割器在部件上形成反射且平滑的表面的方法。金刚石切割器包括切割刃和刃棱面。该方法涉及在部件的第一表面上形成第一阳极化层。该方法还涉及使用切割刃切割第一阳极化层的一部分和第一阳极化层下方的金属的一部分以形成具有多个峰和谷的第二表面。该峰减小了第二表面的总体反射性和平滑性。该方法还涉及使用刃棱面打磨第二表面以基本上移除所有的峰,从而形成高度反射且平滑的第三表面。切割和打磨包括铣削操作,其中将金刚石切割器联接到铣床。金刚石切割器围绕铣床的心轴旋转,使得金刚石切割器随着心轴的每次旋转而接触部件。该方法还涉及在至少高度反射且平滑的第三表面上形成第二阳极化层。
附图说明
图1示出了根据所述实施例的金刚石切割工具组件。
图2A和图2B示出了根据所述实施例的金刚石切割工具组件的额外配置。
图3示出了根据所述实施例的金刚石切割工具的两个透视侧视图。
图4A和图4B示出了根据所述实施例的金刚石切割工具的插入件和柄部部分的透视侧视图。
图5示出了根据所述实施例的切割过程期间的金刚石切割器。
图6A和图6B示出了根据所述实施例的经历切割过程的部件的所选特征图。
图7A-图7D示出了根据所述实施例的使用两种不同的金刚石切割工具经历切割过程的两个独立部件的所选特征图。
图8A和图8B示出了根据所述实施例的经历两种不同对准过程的金刚石切割器。
图9是示出了包括在图10A-图10D中以图形化方式呈现的切割过程的过程的流程图。
图10A-图10D以图形化方式示出了经历图9的流程图中所述的切割过程的部件的所选特征图。
图11是根据本公开的一个实施例进行配置的便携式电子设备的示意性等轴视图。
图12是图11的电子设备的子组件的至少一部分的示意性等轴视图。
具体实施方式
以下公开描述了电子设备的各种实施例,诸如包括例如移动电话的便携式电子设备。在以下描述和附图中阐述了特定细节,以提供对本技术的各种实施例的彻底理解。此外,在其他适当结构和环境中可以组合本技术的各种特征、结构和/或特性。在其他情况下,在以下公开中未详细示出或描述熟知的结构、材料、操作和/或系统,以避免不必要地模糊该技术的各种实施例的描述。然而,本领域的普通技术人员将认识到,可无需本文所阐述的多个细节中的一个或多个细节或利用其他结构、方法、部件等来实践本技术。
在本部分描述了根据本专利申请的方法与装置的代表性应用。提供这些实例仅是为了添加上下文并有助于理解所述实施例。因此,对于本领域的技术人员而言将显而易见的是,可在没有这些具体细节中的一些或全部的情况下实践所述实施例。在其他情况下,为了避免不必要地模糊所述实施例,未详细描述熟知的处理步骤。其他应用也是可能的,使得以下实例不应视为是限制性的。
在以下详细描述中,参考了形成说明书的一部分的附图,并且在附图中以举例说明的方式示出了根据所述实施例的具体实施例。虽然这些实施例描述得足够详细以使得本领域的技术人员能够实践所述实施例,但应当理解,这些实例不是限制性的;使得可使用其他实施例,并且可在不脱离所述实施例的实质和范围的情况下作出改变。
在详细描述中,参考切割工件或部件。在某些实施例中,该部件可由金属诸如铝或铝合金制成。然而,本领域的技术人员将认识到,在本技术的上下文中,术语部件可指能够经历切割过程以形成高度反射表面的任何合适的材料,包括金属、塑料、玻璃等。
本文所述的实施例涉及用于形成切割成部件的高度反射表面的方法、系统和结构。在所述实施例中,金刚石切割器可用于切割部件的表面。金刚石切割器可以是多晶金刚石(PCD)或单晶金刚石(MCD)。在所述实施例中,金刚石切割器具有切割刃、刃棱面和根部。切割刃从部件的表面移除表面材料以形成具有峰和谷的第二扇形表面,该峰降低第二表面的总体反射或平滑外观。刃棱面和任选的根部,随后通过减小峰,从而形成高度反射且平滑的修整表面来打磨第二表面。因此,金刚石切割器同时切割和打磨部件的各部分,从而消除了对额外抛光步骤的需求。在优选的实施例中,金刚石切割器被配置为具有较长的切割半径,使得形成更平滑的高度反射修整表面。
在所述实施例中,金刚石切割器安装于机床中,诸如计算机数字控制(CNC)机床中以用于切割部件。在某些实施例中,金刚石切割器被配置为用于铣床,其中围绕心轴以圆周运动旋转并沿工件表面移动金刚石切割器,从而形成工件表面的轮廓。图1示出了根据所述实施例的切割工具组件100。如图所示,切割工具组件100包括刀架106和切割工具,切割工具包括金刚石切割器102和柄部104。使用例如硬钎焊过程来将金刚石切割器102联接到柄部104。柄部104被配置为可移除地配合到刀架106中,刀架继而被配置为置于铣床(未示出)中。切割工具组件100被定位成切割工件108,可使用若干适当方法中的任一种方法诸如通过使用夹具来固定工件108。在切割操作期间,切割工具组件100围绕心轴110旋转,同时向金刚石切割器102移动固定的工件108。在另选的实施例中,可向固定的工件108移动切割工具组件。金刚石切割器102的切割刃定位于距心轴110一个切割半径112处。随着心轴的每次旋转,金刚石切割器102可在工件108的表面处进行切割。在铣削切割操作期间,金刚石切割器102的切割刃多次进入并退出工件108,也称为断续切割。这种断续切割可在工件108上产生扇形表面,这可能降低切割表面的总体反射或平滑外观。本文描述的切割工具和方法可减少工件108上的扇形表面的量,从而在工件108上形成高度反射且平滑的修整表面。下文将描述根据实施例的有关减少扇形表面的细节。
图2A和图2B示出了根据所述实施例的切割工具组件的额外配置。在图2A中,将金刚石切割器202联接到柄部204,柄部204继而可移除地联接到刀架206。刀架206被配置为安装于铣削工具(未示出)中。在这种情况下,将柄部204定位于刀架206中,使得柄部204的长度基本上平行于旋转的心轴210。定位该工件208使得金刚石切割器202可切割工件208的表面。在图2B中,刀架212被配置为保持两个柄部214和216,每个柄部都具有分别设置于其上的金刚石切割器218和220。在这种情况下,柄部214和216都基本上垂直于旋转的心轴226。定位该金刚石切割器218以切割工件222并定位该金刚石切割器220以切割工件224。在一个实施例中,工件222和224是同一工件,并且金刚石切割器218和220在不同时间切割工件222/224。例如,金刚石切割器218可切割工件222/224的第一部分。接下来,可在金刚石切割器220前方重新定位工件222/224,并且金刚石切割器200可切割工件222/224的第二部分。
图3示出了根据本公开的一些实施例的金刚石切割工具300的两个透视侧视图。切割工具300包括柄部302和金刚石切割器304。使用例如硬钎焊过程来将金刚石切割器304机械地联接到柄部302。硬钎焊过程通常使用合金填充金属诸如包含填充合金的银。如图所示,金刚石切割器304定位于切割工具300的末端上,使得切割刃306、刃棱面308和任选的根部310可在切割期间接触工件。柄部302优选由刚性材料诸如碳化物制成,以在切割期间刚性地保持切割工具300的位置,从而允许进行更平滑的修整切割。柄部302的形状可改变以使切割过程期间的刚度最大化。柄部302的长度可部分地确定切割工件期间的切割半径。柄部402可被配置为机械地联接到刀架(未示出),刀架附接到铣床(未示出)的心轴,铣床以高速来转动该切割工具300。在某些实施例中,将切割工具300定位于刀架(未示出)中,使得切割半径较大。通过使用较大的切割半径,由切割工具300切出的切口可具有较少的扇形部分,在下文中将参考图7A-图7D详细论述这种情况。由于切割工具300被刀架(未示出)之内的柄部302刚性保持在适当位置,因此相对于工件的切割角可保持稳定。
图4A和图4B示出了根据本技术的切割工具的另选实施例。图4A示出了插入件400的两个透视图。使用例如硬钎焊过程在一端处将金刚石切割器402机械地联接到插入件400。硬钎焊过程可使用合金填充金属诸如包含填充合金的银。金刚石切割器402定位于插入件400的末端,使得根部、刃棱面和任选的根部可在切割期间接触工件。图4B示出了可使用例如螺栓连接到插入件400以形成最终的切割工具的柄部410。然后可类似于图3的切割工具300将切割工具插入机床中。
如上所述,本公开的实施例涉及使用金刚石切割器,该金刚石切割器可由多晶金刚石(PCD)或单晶金刚石(MCD)制成。通常,金刚石被布置在立方晶体晶格系统中,其中碳原子是共价键合的。金刚石的极高的键合和晶格能使其极硬,因此是比例如金属或碳化物更好的切割材料。金刚石的两种形式是多晶金刚石(PCD)和单晶金刚石(MCD)。PCD由利用粘结剂材料诸如钴粘结剂结合在一起的许多小的单个晶体制成。由于在单个晶体结合在一起的情况下的边界,由PCD制成的切割工具可具有一定程度锯齿状的边缘。常常由晶体的平均尺寸也称为晶粒尺寸以及粘结剂类型来描述PCD切割工具。当PCD用于切割表面时,来自切割刃的标记可出现在对应于晶体之间的晶界的表面上。这些标记通常呈现为工件表面上的细纹。相比之下,MCD是没有晶界的一种连续晶体。由于MCD没有晶界,因此它不会像PCD那样留下来自切割刃的晶界标记。然而,应当指出的是,在铣削操作中,PCD和MCD切割器两者都可由于铣削过程期间的断续切割而留下标记。如上所述,断续切割是由于切割器在心轴的每次旋转时接触该工件表面所导致的。断续切割可能在工件上留下扇形表面。
为了减轻切割表面的扇形部分并产生高度反射且平滑的修整表面,本公开的实施例包括具有图5中以图形化方式示出的特征部的金刚石切割器。图5中所示的顶视图和近距离插图示出了切割工件102的金刚石切割器504。金刚石切割器504包括三个表面:前刀面514;刃棱面或主要间隙506;以及辅助间隙508。金刚石切割器504机械地联接到柄部(未示出),柄部继而机械地联接到刀架(未示出),刀架继而机械地联接到铣床(未示出)。金刚石切割器504的切割刃510在切割弧522处围绕铣床的心轴旋转。切割弧522是从切割刃510到心轴(例如图1的110)的切割半径(例如图1的112)的函数。金刚石切割器504可在切割刃510、刃棱面506和根部512处接触工件502。由于切割刃510、刃棱面506和根部512可在切割期间接触到工件502,因此对这些表面基本上没有例如由在金刚石切割器的制造过程中的打磨或抛光过程所导致的缺陷是有利的。在优选的实施例中,切割刃510、刃棱面506和根部512具有最小的可见缺陷,诸如打磨或抛光薄片。在针对MCD切割器的一个实施例中,切割刃、刃棱面和根部在500X放大率下没有可见缺陷。在针对PCD切割器的一个实施例中,切割刃、刃棱面和根部在100X放大率下没有可见缺陷。应当理解,可使用具有更多或更少缺陷的更低或更高质量的金刚石切割器。当确定特定应用中所使用的金刚石切割器的质量时,可考虑各种因素,诸如金刚石切割器的成本、可用性和类型。例如,在所得的切割表面处于电子设备的高度可见部分的应用中,可使用具有高质量切割刃的MCD切割器(例如,不常见的缺陷)。例如,在所得的切割表面可能被例如黑暗阳极化膜稍微模糊的应用中,可使用PCD切割器。
在开始切割操作之前,可对准金刚石切割器504,使得切割刃510接触工件502,并且有效主要间隙角度518将刃棱面506和任选的根部512与工件502接触。下文将参考图8A和图8B详细论述实例对准过程。在切割期间,金刚石切割器104在图5中所示的行进方向上继续行进。首先,切割刃510切割工件502的表面,获得具有峰和谷的第二表面。接下来,刃棱面506和任选的根部512可与工件502接触,打磨表面并基本上移除第二表面的所有的峰,从而在工件502上提供高度反射且平滑的修整表面。移除峰的程度取决于刃棱面和根部赋予表面的打磨的量。下文将参考图6A和图6B描述根据实施例的有关移除扇形表面峰部分的细节。由于该表面是高度反射且平滑的,因此不需要后续的传统抛光过程。通过这种方式,可从制造过程中移除整个抛光步骤。需注意,在一些实施例中,在切割开始之前,可使有效主要间隙从工件502的表面后退少许。在该后退配置中,刃棱面506的部分由于切割过程期间工件502材料的弹性回复率,仍然接触并打磨工件502。在该后退配置中使用切割器可延长金刚石切割器504的寿命。
如上所述,在金刚石切割器的切割刃切割工件的表面之后,扇形表面可能仍然保留在工件上。为了以图形化方式示出这种情况,现在将参考图6A和图6B,其示出了根据所述实施例经历切割过程的工件表面的横截面。在图6A中,工件600仅经历切割刃(图5中的510)切割,从而留下具有峰604和谷602的第二表面。峰604可能是由于如上所述的铣削过程的断续切割所形成的。在图6A中,峰604从谷602突出高度606。在图6B中,工件600已与刃棱面和任选的根部(图5中分别为506和512)接触,从而基本上减小了峰604的整个高度606,从而留下高度反射的修整表面608。应当指出的是,根据打磨的量(即,摩擦的量),高度反射且平滑的修整表面608上仍然可能剩余稍微突出部分610,然而,表面608一般是高度反射的并被平整为镜面,并且一般不需要进一步抛光。
为了获得尽可能平滑的高度反射且平滑的修整表面,在一些实施例中,切割半径(图1的112)较长。为了以图形化方式示出切割半径如何影响所得表面的总体平滑性,现在将参考图7A-图7D,其示出了根据所述实施例的经历来自两个不同金刚石切割器的切割的两个不同工件的侧视图。图7A和图7B示出了使用具有短切割半径的金刚石切割器经历切割过程的工件700,图7C和图7D示出了使用具有长切割半径的金刚石切割器经历切割过程的工件712。
在图7A中,工件700已经历具有短切割半径的金刚石切割器组件的切割刃的切割。即,切割刃和心轴之间的距离较短。在仅切割刃切割工件700之后,形成具有峰704和谷702的第二扇形表面708。由于铣削过程,断续切割形成了峰704。峰704之间的距离706与金刚石切割组件的切割半径成正比例。在图7B中,工件700被刃棱面和任选的根部接触,从而基本上减小了峰704的整个高度722,从而留下了具有剩余稍微突出部分710的高度反射且平滑的修整表面709,这样降低了高度反射且平滑的修整表面709的总体反射和平滑外观。
在图7C中,工件712已经历具有短切割半径的金刚石切割器组件的切割刃的切割。即,切割刃和心轴之间的距离较长。在仅切割刃切割工件712之后,形成具有峰716和谷714的第二扇形表面720。由于峰716之间的距离718与金刚石切割组件的切割半径成正比例,因此距离718比图7A的工件700的距离706更长。因此,与图7A的第二表面708相比,第二表面720中具有比峰716更小的部分。在图7D中,工件712与刃棱面和任选的根部接触,从而基本上减小了峰716的整个高度724,从而留下了具有剩余稍微突出部分722的高度反射且平滑的修整表面720。需注意,与高度反射且平滑的表面721中的剩余稍微突出部分712相比,高度反射且平滑的表面720中的剩余稍微突出部分722更少。因此,使用具有更长切割半径的金刚石切割器组件可提供改善的总体高度反射且平滑的修整表面。在一个实施例中,金刚石切割器组件具有大约35毫米的切割半径。
由于本技术中所描述的切割过程需要有关工件的表面几何形状的高水平精确度,因此应当在切割过程开始之前相对于工件表面以高水平精确度对准切割工具。可能难以制造满足极高水平的指定尺寸和无缺陷规格的金刚石切割器。因此,本公开的实施例涉及校准过程,以补偿金刚石切割器的几何尺寸方面的任何缺陷。在一个实施例中,校准涉及在工件表面上直接校准切割器,其中旋转切割器直到切割刃、刃棱面和根部(图5中分别为510、506和512)接触工件表面。在其他实施例中,校准涉及旋转切割器工具直到刃棱面(图5中的506)向工件表面提供充分打磨。
图8A和图8B示出了两种不同的对准或校准过程以根据所述实施例优化打磨的量和有效性。在图8A和图8B中,起初都将金刚石切割器定位于用于切割的铣床中。在图8A中,通过控制从心轴808到切割刃810的第一条线804和从心轴808到根部818的第二条线812之间的长度差来校准金刚石切割器802。测量第一条线804(R1)的长度并测量第二条线812(R2)的长度。可通过使用例如激光所产生的基准线(由虚线示出)来完成测量。接下来,使用R1和R2参数来在工件(未示出)上执行切割操作。在完成切割操作之后,检查工件以确定切割质量,即,所得切割表面的反射性和平滑性。接下来,移动金刚石切割器802的位置,使得R1更长或更短,即刃棱面814和根部818距切割弧816更远或更近。与R1相比,R2越大,刃棱面814和根部818将更多地摩擦工件并且工件将经历更多打磨。通过这种方式,控制R1和R2之间的差异可控制打磨的量。在优选的实施例中,优化R1和R2之间的差异以允许刃棱面814和/或根部818充分打磨工件的表面,但不会过硬地摩擦以在切割期间提供过多的摩擦。接下来,执行另一切割操作,并再次检查工件的切割质量。如果切割质量不是可接受的质量,重复金刚石切割器802的重新定位、切割和检查,直到实现可接受的切割质量。
在图8B中,通过控制从切割刃824到心轴832的基准线822和刃棱面826之间的角度,将金刚石切割器820定位于刀架(未示出)内。可通过使用例如激光产生的线(由虚线示出)来产生基准线822。接下来,使用θ角834参数在工件(未示出)上执行切割操作。在完成切割操作之后,检查工件以确定切割质量,即所得切割表面的反射性和平滑性。接下来,移动金刚石切割器820的位置,使得θ834更大或更小,即,刃棱面826和根部828距切割弧830更远或更近。刃棱面826和根部828对于弧830越朝向外部,刃棱面826和根部828将更多地摩擦工件并且工件将经历更多打磨。通过这种方式,控制角θ可控制打磨量。如图8A中所示的对准过程那样,可优化θ角参数834以允许刃棱面826和根部828充分打磨工件的表面,但不会过硬地摩擦,以至于在切割期间提供过多摩擦。如针对以上图8A中所述的对准过程那样,可重复进行切割、重新定位和检查,直到实现可接受的切割质量。
在图8A和图8B中所示的对准过程期间,在一些实施例中,打磨量可在切割开始之前从切割半径后退少许。如上文参考图5所述的,以后退配置使用金刚石切割器可延长金刚石切割器的寿命。在切割之前的这种后退配置中,根部不接触工件。然而,在切割期间,由于工件材料的弹性回复率,刃棱面仍然可接触并打磨工件的表面。当优化切割工具的对准时,可考虑因素诸如金刚石切割器的寿命、期望的打磨量以及工件上的金刚石切割器摩擦量。
在所述实施例中,可在该部件的基本平坦表面部分处切割部件,其中为基本平坦表面赋予高度反射且平滑修整。或者,可在该部件的具有带有水平、垂直和倾斜表面的特征部的一部分处切割该部件。金刚石切割器可切割该特征部以形成具有高度反射且平滑的修整表面的不同特征部。例如,可在工件的拐角或边缘处切割斜面。根据所述的实施例,所得的斜面将具有高度反射且平滑的修整表面。为了保护高度反射且平滑的表面,可在其上形成任选的透明涂层或镀层。在某些实施例中,透明涂层是基本上透光的阳极化层,从而允许通过阳极化层看到高度反射表面。图9和图10A-图10D示出了根据本技术的实施例的在将具有高度反射且平滑的表面的特征部形成为部件的过程中所涉及的步骤。图9是详述处理步骤的流程图并且图10A-图10D以图形化方式呈现了经历图9所述过程的金属部件的一部分的侧视图。在以下叙述中,将结合图10A-图10D的侧视图图示来参考图9的流程图。
过程900开始于902(对应于图10A)处,其中切割部件1000以具有带有垂直部分1002和水平部分1004的第一表面。在图10A中,第一表面具有边缘1006。可使用任意数量的适当切割过程诸如机加工过程来切割部件1000,从而形成部件1000的形状。应当指出的是,图10A-图10D中的基本垂直部分1002和基本水平部分1004可形成具有包括90度的任意角度的边缘1006。此外,垂直部分1002和水平部分1004可基本上平坦或它们可以是弯曲的。该部件然后可经历任选的表面处理诸如使用例如光刻工艺进行的图形(例如,公司徽标和/或文本)的抛光和/或添加。在一个实施例中,可执行喷砂操作,由此将部件暴露于喷砂介质以在部件表面上方产生粗糙的喷砂表面。
在904(对应于图10B)处,部件1000经历任选的第一阳极化工艺以形成覆盖接近边缘1006的部件1000的垂直表面1002和水平表面1004的至少部分的第一阳极化层1008。阳极化层1008用于保护部件1000的金属表面以免受到腐蚀和刮擦。在一个实施例中,第一阳极化层1008大约为8到12微米厚并且基本上不透明,使得部件1000的底层金属基本上不能通过第一阳极化层1008可见。需注意,由于在边缘1006处积累了应力,因此第一阳极化层1008可能具有裂缝1010。
在906(对应于图10C)处,使用上述金刚石切割器切割任选的第一阳极化层1008的一部分和金属部件1000的一部分以形成为高度反射且平滑的表面的第二表面1012。在某些实施例中,在使用金刚石切割器工具之前,使用不同的切割工具为任选的第一阳极化层1008的一部分和金属部件1000的一部分赋予粗糙切口。可制造粗糙切口,以便在根据所述实施例使用金刚石切割器之前移除大量材料。可使用适当的切割工具诸如碳化物或金属切割器或质量低于上述用于切割高度反射且平滑的表面的金刚石切割器的金刚石切割器来形成粗糙切口。在图10C中,第二表面是斜面。应当指出的是,可相对于水平部分1004和垂直部分1002以任意角度切割第二表面1012。例如,可相对于水平部分1004和垂直部分1002中的一者以45度切割第二表面1012。由于第二表面1012具有高度反射且平滑的表面,因此不需要后续抛光。这是有利的,不仅因为它取消了过程中的额外步骤,而且因为传统的抛光技术诸如机械和化学抛光可能腐蚀部件的特征部。具体地,传统的抛光技术可能腐蚀并抹圆锋利边缘和拐角诸如斜面1012的边缘,从而降低部件的美观效果。
在908(对应于图10D)处,部件1000经历任选的第二阳极化工艺以形成基本上仅在高度反射且平滑的斜面1014上并对该高度反射且平滑的斜面进行保护的第二阳极化层1014。应当指出的是,第二阳极化工艺可使用与前述第一阳极化工艺不同的工艺参数,从而形成与第一阳极化层1008相比具有不同物理特性的第二阳极化层1014。例如,第二阳极化层1014可基本上是透明的,以便允许可查看下方的高度反射且平滑的斜面1015。此外,可形成第二阳极化层1014,使得第一阳极化层1008和第二阳极化层1014之间有明确限定的接口(由图10D中的角度示出)。在完成过程900之后,图10D中的最终部件具有高度反射且平滑的斜面1012,该斜面具有轮廓分明且美观的边缘。
如上所述,可在制造包括例如个人计算机和便携式平板电脑和电话的电子设备的过程中,应用所述实施例的工具和方法。图11是根据本公开的实施例进行配置的便携式电子设备10(“电子设备10”)诸如移动电话的示意性等轴视图。在所示出的实施例中,电子设备10包括承载显示器12的主体11,显示器12允许用户与电子设备10进行交互或控制该电子设备10。例如,显示器12包括可操作地联接到框架、外壳或壳体16的盖子或盖玻璃14。在某些实施例中,显示器12和/或盖玻璃14可包括触敏特征部以接收来自用户的输入命令。此外,在某些实施例中,可将盖子或盖玻璃定位于电子设备10的一侧上,或者可将盖子或盖玻璃定位于电子设备10的相对侧上。如下文详细描述的,壳体16和盖玻璃14至少部分地容纳或包封电子设备的若干内部特征部。
在图11中所示的实施例中,壳体16还至少部分地限定电子设备10的若干额外特征部。更具体地,壳体16可包括音频扬声器出口18、连接器开口20、音频插孔开口22、卡开口24(例如,用户识别卡开口)、前向摄像机24、后向摄像机(未示出)、电源按钮(未示出)和一个或多个音量按钮(未示出)。尽管图11示意性地示出了这些特征部中的几个特征部,但本领域的普通技术人员将会理解,这些特征部的相对尺寸和位置可变化。
在某些实施例中,壳体16可由金属材料制成。例如,壳体16可由铝诸如6063铝制成。然而,在其他实施例中,壳体16可由其他适当的金属或合金制成。根据图11中所示的实施例的另外特征部,壳体16包括围绕主体11的周边延伸的相对边缘部分30(单独地被标识为第一边缘部分30a和第二边缘部分30b)。在某些实施例中,边缘部分30中的一者或两者可具有斜面或倾斜的轮廓。如下文详细描述的,可相对于壳体16来处理斜面化边缘部分30以提供具有美学效果的外观。例如,可处理壳体16的外表面并可随后处理边缘部分30。在一个实施例中,例如,可向壳体16应用第一阳极化工艺并且可向边缘部分30应用后续的第二阳极化工艺。可向壳体16和/或边缘部分30应用包括中间表面处理的另外适当的表面处理。在其他实施例中,边缘部分30可具有包括和/或表面处理的其他适当的轮廓或形状。
图12是图11的电子设备的子组件40的至少一部分的示意性等轴视图。在图12中所示的实施例中,子组件40包括联接到盖玻璃诸如图11中所示的盖玻璃14的壳体16。如图12中所示,壳体16包括联接到第二壳体部分44的第一壳体部分42,该第二壳体部分44继而联接到第三壳体部分46。更具体地,壳体16包括将第一壳体部分42联接到第二壳体部分44的第一连接器部分48。壳体还包括将第二壳体部分44联接到第三壳体部分46的第二连接器部分50。在某些实施例中,第一壳体部分42、第二壳体部分44和第三壳体部分46可以是金属的并且第一连接器部分48和第二连接器部分50可由一种或多种塑料材料制成。如下文详细描述的,例如,第一连接器部分48和第二连接器部分50中的每个连接器部分可由两次注塑过程形成,该每个连接器部分包括连接对应壳体部分的第一塑料部分和至少部分覆盖第一塑料部分的美观的第二塑料部分。如下文进一步详细描述的,可配置这些塑料部分以耐受苛刻的制造过程和可能用于形成和处理壳体的化学品。在另外的实施例中,壳体部分42、44和46和/或连接部分48、50可由其他合适的材料制成,该其他合适的材料包括金属、塑料和其他合适的材料。
根据图10中所示的实施例的额外特征部,壳体16可包括一个或多个低电阻导电部分52(示意性地示出)以用于接地目的。导电部分52可包括例如可屏蔽射频波的铝。可通过移除壳体16的一个或多个层或部分来形成导电部分52,以提供通过壳体16的更低电阻以用于天线传输或通信。在某些实施例中,例如,可通过激光蚀刻或通过其他方式移除或蚀刻壳体16的阳极化部分来形成导电部分52。
所示出的子组件40还包括若干插入件54,该插入件相对于壳体16提供更大的结构连接强度。在壳体16由铝形成的实施例中,例如插入件54可提供更大的强度和耐久性。更具体地,在某些实施例中,插入件54可包括钛螺纹插入件或螺母,该螺母被配置为通过螺纹啮合对应的紧固件。钛插入件54可能是有利的,因为钛材料可耐受苛刻的制造过程和化学品。然而,在其他实施例中,插入件54可由其他合适的材料制成,该其他合适的材料包括例如钢、黄铜等。
根据图12中所示的子组件40的额外特征部并且如下文详细描述的,可相对于壳体16牢固地联接和/或偏置(如果需要)盖玻璃14。更具体地,盖玻璃14可相对于壳体16与基准面或基准线对准,并且壳体16(更具体地,第一壳体部分42、第二壳体部分44和/或第三壳体部分46)可包括一个或多个检查开口56,以相对于壳体16推动或偏置盖玻璃14以用于牢固附着(例如,粘附),同时保持被联接部分之间的相对紧密度容限。
根据本公开的额外实施例并且如下文详细描述的,盖玻璃14可由玻璃、陶瓷和/或玻璃陶瓷材料制成。在一个实施例中,例如,盖玻璃14可由玻璃制成,其中玻璃的特定部分或体积利用陶瓷属性形成。然而,在其他实施例中,盖玻璃14可由基于硅铝矾土硅石的着色玻璃形成。
在上述描述中,为了进行解释,使用了特定的命名以提供对所述实施例的彻底理解。然而,对于本领域的技术人员而言将显而易见的是,实践所述实施例不需要这些具体细节。因此,对特定实施例的上述描述是出于举例说明和描述的目的而呈现的。这些描述不旨在被认为是穷举性的或将所述的实施例限制为所公开的精确形式。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将显而易见的是,根据上述教导内容,许多修改和变型是可能的。
Claims (20)
1.一种使用金刚石切割器切割部件的方法,所述金刚石切割器包括切割刃和刃棱面,所述方法包括:
使用所述切割刃切割所述部件的第一表面以形成包括多个峰和谷的第二表面,所述峰减小所述第二表面的反射性和平滑性;以及
使用所述刃棱面打磨所述第二表面以移除所述峰,从而形成高度反射且平滑的第三表面,
其中所述切割和打磨包括铣削操作,由此将所述金刚石切割器联接到铣床,其中所述金刚石切割器围绕所述铣床的心轴旋转,使得所述金刚石切割器随着所述心轴的每次旋转而接触所述部件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述切割和打磨随着所述金刚石切割器与所述部件的每次接触而发生,并且其中金刚石切割器多次接触所述部件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括使用所述金刚石切割器的跟部来移除所述峰。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述铣削操作是使用CNC铣床来执行的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述金刚石切割器包括多晶金刚石。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述金刚石切割器包括单晶金刚石。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一表面具有水平部分和垂直部分,并且所述切割和打磨涉及沿所述部件的边缘来切割斜面。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述水平部分和所述垂直部分是弯曲的。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述斜面是相对于所述水平部分和所述垂直部分以45度切割的。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述部件包含金属。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括在所述第三表面的至少一部分上形成阳极化层。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括在所述第一表面的至少一部分上形成阳极化层。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在所述切割和打磨之后,不对所述第三表面进行抛光。
14.一种使用金刚石切割器在部件上形成高度反射且平滑的金属表面的方法,所述金刚石切割器包括切割刃和刃棱面,所述方法包括:
在所述部件的第一金属表面上形成第一阳极化层,所述部件包括具有垂直部分和水平部分的第一表面,其中所述第一阳极化层至少形成于所述垂直部分的一部分和所述水平部分的一部分上;
使用所述金刚石切割器的所述切割刃切割所述第一阳极化层的一部分和所述第一阳极化层下方的金属的一部分以形成包括多个峰和谷的第二表面,所述峰减小所述第二表面的反射性和平滑性;
使用所述金刚石切割器的所述刃棱面打磨所述第二表面以移除所述峰,从而形成高度反射且平滑的第三表面,其中所述切割和打磨包括铣削操作,由此将所述金刚石切割器联接到铣床,并且所述金刚石切割器围绕所述铣床的心轴旋转,使得所述金刚石切割器随着所述心轴的每次旋转而接触所述部件;以及
至少在所述高度反射且平滑的第三表面上形成第二阳极化层。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述第二表面为扇形表面,其中所述金刚石切割器还包括用于减轻所述扇形表面的跟部。
16.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述金刚石切割器包括单晶金刚石或多晶金刚石。
17.一种使用金刚石切割器在部件上形成反射且平滑的表面的方法,所述金刚石切割器包括切割刃和刃棱面,所述方法包括:
在所述部件的第一表面上形成第一阳极化层;
使用所述切割刃切割所述第一阳极化层的一部分和所述第一阳极化层下方的金属的一部分以形成包括多个峰和谷的第二表面,所述峰减小所述第二表面的反射性和平滑性;以及
使用所述刃棱面打磨所述第二表面以移除所述峰,从而形成高度反射且平滑的第三表面,其中所述切割和打磨包括铣削操作,由此将所述金刚石切割器联接到铣床,其中所述金刚石切割器围绕所述铣床的心轴旋转,使得所述金刚石切割器随着所述心轴的每次旋转而接触所述部件;以及
至少在所述高度反射且平滑的第三表面上形成第二阳极化层。
18.一种被配置用于切割平滑且反射的表面的切割器,包括:
切割刃;
跟部;和
刃棱面,所述刃棱面设置在所述切割刃和跟部之间,其中所述切割器联接到铣床并与所述铣床一起使用以通过如下方式来形成所述平滑且反射的表面:在所述铣床的心轴的每次旋转期间所述切割刃接触工件,使得在形成所述平滑且反射的表面的单个操作中所述切割刃切割所述工件的表面并且所述刃棱面打磨由所述切割刃切割的所述表面以形成所述平滑且反射的表面。
19.根据权利要求18所述的切割器,其中所述跟部与所述刃棱面配合以打磨所述工件的所述表面,使得所述切割器既切割又打磨所述工件的所述表面。
20.根据权利要求18所述的切割器,其中所述切割刃包括单晶金刚石或多晶金刚石。
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