CN107263939A - 复合体及其制备方法 - Google Patents

复合体及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107263939A
CN107263939A CN201610214958.XA CN201610214958A CN107263939A CN 107263939 A CN107263939 A CN 107263939A CN 201610214958 A CN201610214958 A CN 201610214958A CN 107263939 A CN107263939 A CN 107263939A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
plastics
working
complex
inorganic non
metallic part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201610214958.XA
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English (en)
Inventor
张新倍
陈文荣
蒋焕梧
张平
黄永庆
刘扬佳
张娟
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Youer Hongxin Detection Technology Shenzhen Co ltd
Futaihua Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Youo Material Industry (shenzhen) Co Ltd
Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Youo Material Industry (shenzhen) Co Ltd, Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd filed Critical Youo Material Industry (shenzhen) Co Ltd
Priority to CN201610214958.XA priority Critical patent/CN107263939A/zh
Priority to TW105112735A priority patent/TWI690416B/zh
Priority to US15/391,794 priority patent/US20170291393A1/en
Publication of CN107263939A publication Critical patent/CN107263939A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
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    • B29C45/1418—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the inserts being deformed or preformed, e.g. by the injection pressure
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Abstract

一种复合体，其包括无机非金属件、与该无机非金属件相连接的塑料件、及位于该无机非金属件与塑料件之间用于将该无机非金属件与塑料件结合在一起的结合层，该结合层具有一结合于所述塑料件的第一表面，该第一表面具有凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构。该复合体的塑料件通过具表面有凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构的结合层结合于无机非金属件上，如此，可以有效的提高无机非金属件与塑料件之间的结合强度。另，本发明还提供一种上述复合体的制备方法。

Description

复合体及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合体及其制备方法,尤其涉及一种无机非金属件与塑料件的复合体及该复合体的制备方法。
背景技术
玻璃、陶瓷、蓝宝石等硬质无机非金属材料因具有独特的质感与特性而被广泛应用于3C电子产品等产品的外观件及结构件中。然而，非金属材料因韧性及延展性差而无法设计成可与其它部件结合的卡扣结构，因此，无机非金属件一般需要先与塑料件结合，借助于塑料件形成可与其它部件结合的结构件或外观件。
目前，无机非金属件与塑料件的结合方法通常为粘接法和机械法。粘接法是指利用胶粘剂作为中间的界面材料，将无机非金属件与塑料件结合于一体的方法，然而，粘接法虽然可以实现无机非金属件与塑料件之间的连接，但其存在以下缺点：粘结强度不够高，其结合力一般小于10兆帕（MPa）；难以自动化，受操作者熟练程度影响；工作温度受胶粘剂性能影响，一般只能在-50摄氏度（℃）~100℃的温度范围内正常工作；在环境光、热、湿气等因素下，胶粘剂会产生老化断裂等现象；大部分胶粘剂有毒，操作过程中会散发有刺激性的气体，危害人体健康；无法对无机非金属件的结构复杂和/或尺寸小的部位进行粘结。所述机械法是指通过结构设计将无机非金属件嵌入塑料件中的方法，机械法虽然也可以实现无机非金属件与塑料件之间的连接，但不适用于结构复杂的无机非金属件与塑料件的结合。
发明内容
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种新的无机非金属件与塑料件的复合体，以解决上述问题。
另，还有必要提供一种上述复合体的制备方法。
一种复合体，其包括无机非金属件、与该无机非金属件相连接的塑料件、及位于该无机非金属件与塑料件之间用于将该无机非金属件与塑料件结合在一起的结合层，该结合层具有一结合于所述塑料件的第一表面，该第一表面具有凹凸不平的结构及多孔的结构中的一种或两种。
一种复合体的制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
提供无机非金属件；
在所述无机非金属件的表面形成结合层，该结合层具有一远离所无机非金属件的第一表面；
对所述第一表面进行表面处理，在该第一表面上形成凹凸不平的结构及多孔的结构中一种或两种，得到中间体；
提供一注塑成型模具，将所述中间体置于该注塑成型模具内，注塑塑料于该中间体上以形成塑料件，该塑料件结合于所述结合层的第一表面上。
所述复合体通过在无机非金属件的表面形成结合层，并在结合层的第一表面形成凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔结构，然后通过注塑成型的方法在该第一表面上形成塑料件。该第一表面上的凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构不仅可以提高塑料件与结合层之间的结合面积，还可以使塑料件与结合层在结合过程中产生机械咬合，从而有效的提高塑料件与结合层之间的结合力，进而提高复合体中的无机非金属件与塑料件之间的结合力。
附图说明
图1是本发明较佳实施方式的复合体的剖视示意图。
图2是本发明较佳实施方式的中间体的剖视示意图。
图3是本发明较佳实施方式的结合层的第一表面的扫描电镜图。
图4是本发明较佳实施方式的注塑成型模具内注塑形成结合于中间体的塑料件的示意图。
主要元件符号说明
复合体 100
无机非金属件 10
结合层 20
第一表面 21
塑料件 30
中间体 200
注塑成型模具 300
上模 301
浇口 3011
第一模穴 3012
下模 302
第二模穴 3021
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本发明。
具体实施方式
请参阅图1，本发明一较佳实施方式的复合体100，其可以为电子产品的外壳，也可为建筑用件、医疗器件及汽车等交通工具的零部件等。该复合体100包括无机非金属件10、与该无机非金属件10相连接的塑料件30、及位于该无机非金属件10与塑料件30之间用于将所述无机非金属件10与塑料件30结合在一起的结合层20。
所述无机非金属件10的材质为玻璃、陶瓷、蓝宝石等硬质无机非金属材料。
请进一步参阅图2~3，所述结合层20具有一第一表面21。该第一表面21具有凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构。所述塑料件30结合于该第一表面21上，该塑料件30部分填充于该凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构内。该凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构不仅可以提高塑料件30与结合层20之间的结合面积，还可以使塑料件30与结合层20在结合过程中产生机械咬合，从而有效的提高塑料件30与结合层20之间的结合力。当该第一表面21具有凹凸不平的结构时，该第一表面21的粗糙度Ra的范围优选为1纳米（nm）~1微米（µm）。当该第一表面21具有多孔的结构的时候，该孔的孔径范围优选为10nm~50µm。该结合层20的厚度优选为1nm~1mm。可以理解的该粗糙度范围、孔径范围及结合层20的厚度可以为任意的其它数值，只要利于结合层20与塑料件30结合在一起即可。
所述结合层20可以仅包括一个薄膜层，也可以同时包括多个依次层叠在一起的薄膜层。该结合层20可采用常规的薄膜形成方法形成于所述无机非金属件10的表面。该结合层20的第一表面21上的凹凸不平的结构和多孔的结构可以为薄膜形成过程中形成的，或者凹凸不平的结构和多孔的结构是薄膜形成后对薄膜进行表面粗化处理或表面成孔处理后形成。该薄膜形成方法可以为化学沉积、溅镀、蒸镀、电镀、印刷烧附、喷涂、溶胶-凝胶等常规的薄膜形成方法。该表面粗糙化处理或表面成孔处理可以为化学蚀刻、电化学蚀刻、镭射等本领域习知的表面粗糙化或表面成孔的方法。
所述结合层20的材质包括但不限于金属单质、合金、金属氧化物、金属碳化物及金属氮化物中的一种或几种。所述金属单质包括但不限于Ti、Ni、Al、Ag、Pd、Au、Cu、Cr、Zr中的一种或几种。所述合金包括但不限于TiAl、 TiW、TiCu、NiCr、NiW中的一种或几种。所述金属氧化物包括但不限于TiO2、Al2O3、CuO、ZrO2中的一种或几种。所述金属碳化物包括但不限于TiC、Cr4C3、ZrC、WC中的一种或几种。所述金属氮化物包括但不限于AlN、TiN、Cr2N中的一种或几种。
所述塑料件30以模内注塑的方式结合于所述结合层20的第一表面21。该塑料件30的主要材质为塑料，该塑料可以为具有高流动的结晶型热塑性塑料，如聚苯硫醚（PPS）塑料、聚酰胺（PA）塑料、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBT）塑料、聚碳酸酯（PC）、对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）塑料等。可以理解的，为了提高该塑料件20的耐冲击性、耐热性及其它的机械性能，还可于该塑料中添加玻璃纤维或碳纤维等增强材料。优选的，该增强材料为玻璃纤维。该玻璃纤维的添加还可以缩小结合层20与塑料件30之间的膨胀系数，可有效的防止塑料件30发生收缩、翘起或脱落，进而提高塑料件30与结合层20之间的结合力，进而提高该塑料件30与无机非金属件10之间的结合力。
可以理解的，所述结合层20可覆盖所述无机非金属件10的整个表面，也可仅覆盖所述无机非金属件10的局部表面。所述结合层20可覆盖所述塑料件30的整个表面，也可仅覆盖所述塑料件30的局部表面。
请结合参阅1~4，一种上述复合体100的制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
步骤S1：提供无机非金属件10，该无机非金属件10的材质为玻璃、陶瓷、蓝宝石等硬质无机非金属材料。
步骤S2：对所述无机非金属件10进行表面预处理。
该表面预处理可以为常规的脱脂除油处理，以去除该无机非金属件10表面的油脂等污垢，使该无机非金属件10的表面清洁。该脱脂除油处理的工艺为：使用清洗剂对该无机非金属件10进行超声波清洗。该清洗剂为酒精、丙酮等常规用于去除油脂的清洗剂。该超声波清洗的时间为2~10min。
步骤S3：在所述无机非金属件10的表面形成一结合层20。该结合层20包括至少一个薄膜层。该薄膜层的材质包括但不限于金属单质、合金、金属氧化物、金属碳化物及金属氮化物中的一种或几种。该结合层20具有一远离所无机非金属件10的第一表面21。该结合层20的厚度范围优选为1nm~1mm。
在一实施方式中，采用溅镀的方法形成所述薄膜层。该溅镀的工艺为：将经表面预处理后的无机非金属件10放入等离子辅助沉积镀膜机的镀膜室中，遮蔽无机非金属件10的不需要形成结合层20的表面，装入钛靶作为靶材，将该镀膜室抽真空至真空度为1.0×10-4Pa；持续通入氩气作为工作气体，该氩气的流量为30-50sCCm(标准毫升每分)；开启镀膜机的电源，对无机非金属件10未被遮蔽的表面进行溅镀。该钛靶的功率为500~800W ，溅镀的时间可为5~120分钟。
可以理解的，还可以采用常规的化学沉积、蒸镀、印刷烧附、喷涂、溶胶-凝胶等薄膜形成方法在所述无机非金属件10的表面形成所述结合层20。
步骤S4：对所述结合层20的第一表面21进行表面粗糙化处理和/或表面成孔处理，以使该第一表面21具有凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构，得到一中间体200。当该第一表面21具有凹凸不平的结构时，该第一表面21的粗糙度Ra的范围优选为1纳米（nm）~1微米（µm）。当该第一表面21具有多孔的结构的时候，该孔的孔径范围优选为10nm~50µm。
在一实施方式中，采用电化学蚀刻的方法对该第一表面21进行表面粗糙化处理和/或表面成孔处理。该电化学蚀刻的具体工艺为：将所述结合有结合层20的无机非金属件10浸入电解液中进行电化学蚀刻，该电解液包括但不限于硫酸溶液、盐酸溶液、磷酸溶液及硝酸溶液中的一种或几种，该电解液中氢离子（H+）的摩尔浓度为0.1~5mol/L，该电化学蚀刻的电流为0.1~3安培每平方分米（A/dm2），处理时间1~20min。
可以理解的，还可以采用化学蚀刻、镭射等本领域习知的表面粗糙化处理或表面成孔处理的方法对所述第一表面21进行表面粗糙化处理和/或表面成孔处理，以在该第一表面21上形成凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构。
步骤S5：请进一步参阅图4，提供一注塑成型模具300，将所述中间体200置于该注塑成型模具300中。该注塑成型模具300包括上模301及下模302。上模301设置有若干浇口3011及一第一模穴3012，该第一模穴3012用于形成所述塑料件30。下模302形成有可容置所述中间体200的第二模穴3021。将所述中间体200置于该第二模穴3021中，经由若干浇口3011注塑塑料于第一模穴3012中，冷却后即形成塑料件30，制得所述复合体100。其中，该塑料件30部分填充于所述结合层20的第一表面21的凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构内。
对所述复合体100进行剪切强度测试，测试结果表明所述复合体100中无机非金属件10与塑料件30之间的结合强度大于20MPa。
本发明的复合体100通过在无机非金属件10的表面形成结合层20，并在结合层20的第一表面21形成凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构，然后通过注塑成型的方法在该第一表面21上形成塑料件30。该第一表面21上的凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构不仅可以提高塑料件30与结合层20之间的结合面积，还可以使塑料件30与结合层20在结合过程中产生机械咬合，从而有效的提高塑料件30与结合层20之间的结合力，进而提高复合体100中的无机非金属件10与塑料件30之间的结合力，使复合体100的无机非金属件10与塑料件30之间具有较高的结合强度。
另外，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，可以根据本发明的技术构思做出其它各种相应的改变与变形，而所有这些改变与变形都应属于本发明权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种复合体，其特征在于：该复合体包括无机非金属件、与该无机非金属件相连接的塑料件、及位于该无机非金属件与塑料件之间用于将该无机非金属件与塑料件结合在一起的结合层，该结合层具有一结合于所述塑料件的第一表面，该第一表面具有凹凸不平的结构及多孔的结构中的一种或两种。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合体，其特征在于：所述塑料件部分填充于该凹凸不平的结构及多孔的结构内。
3.如权利要求1所述的复合体，其特征在于：所述无机非金属件的材质为玻璃、陶瓷或蓝宝石。
4.如权利要求1所述的复合体，其特征在于：所述结合层包括至少一薄膜层，该结合层的材质选自金属单质、合金、金属氧化物、金属碳化物及金属氮化物中的一种或几种。
5.如权利要求4所述的复合体，其特征在于：所述金属单质选自Ti、Ni、Al、Ag、Pd、Au、Cu、Cr、Zr中的一种或几种；所述合金选自TiAl、TiW、TiCu、NiCr、NiW中的一种或几种；所述金属氧化物选自TiO2、Al2O3、CuO、ZrO2中的一种或几种；所述金属碳化物选自TiC、Cr4C3、ZrC、WC中的一种或几种；所述金属氮化物选自AlN、TiN、Cr2N中的一种或几种。
6.如权利要求1所述的复合体，其特征在于：所述塑料件的材质为结晶型热塑性塑料，该结晶型热塑性塑料为聚苯硫醚塑料、聚酰胺塑料、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯塑料或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯塑料。
7.如权利要求6所述的复合体，其特征在于：所述结晶型热塑性塑料中添加有玻璃纤维及碳纤维中的一种或两种。
8.一种如权利要求1~7中任一项所述的复合体的制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
提供无机非金属件；
在所述无机非金属件的表面形成结合层，该结合层具有一远离所无机非金属件的第一表面；
对所述第一表面进行表面处理，在该第一表面上形成凹凸不平的结构及多孔的结构中一种或两种，得到中间体；
提供一注塑成型模具，将所述中间体置于该注塑成型模具内，注塑塑料于该中间体上以形成塑料件，该塑料件结合于所述结合层的第一表面上。
9.如权利要求8所述的复合体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述形成结合层的方法为化学沉积、溅镀、蒸镀、印刷烧附、喷涂或溶胶-凝胶。
10.如权利要求8所述的复合体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述表面处理包括表面粗糙化处理及表面成孔处理中的一种或两种，该表面处理为化学蚀刻、电化学蚀刻或镭射。
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