CN107263972A - 无机非金属与塑料的复合体及其制备方法 - Google Patents

无机非金属与塑料的复合体及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107263972A
CN107263972A CN201610220541.4A CN201610220541A CN107263972A CN 107263972 A CN107263972 A CN 107263972A CN 201610220541 A CN201610220541 A CN 201610220541A CN 107263972 A CN107263972 A CN 107263972A
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inorganic non
plastics
metallic
microstructure
metallic part
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张新倍
陈文荣
蒋焕梧
张平
黄永庆
张娟
刘扬佳
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Youer Hongxin Detection Technology Shenzhen Co ltd
Futaihua Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
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Youer Material Industry Shenzhen Co ltd
Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610220541.4A priority Critical patent/CN107263972A/zh
Priority to TW105112736A priority patent/TWI653146B/zh
Priority to US15/391,797 priority patent/US20170291394A1/en
Publication of CN107263972A publication Critical patent/CN107263972A/zh
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Abstract

一种无机非金属与塑料的复合体,其包括无机非金属件及结合于该无机非金属件的塑料件,该无机非金属件具有一第一表面,该第一表面至少部分区域有沟谷状的微观结构,该沟谷状的微观结构的表面形成有凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构,该塑料件结合于该无机非金属件的具有沟谷状的微观结构的第一表面。该沟谷状的微观结构及沟谷状的微观结构表面的凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构可以提高塑料件与无机非金属件之间的结合面积,还可以使塑料件与无机非金属件在结合过程中产生机械咬合,从而有效的提高塑料件与无机非金属件之间的结合力。另,本发明还提供一种上述无机非金属与塑料的复合体的制备方法。

Description

无机非金属与塑料的复合体及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种无机非金属与塑料的复合体及其制备方法。
背景技术
玻璃、陶瓷、蓝宝石等硬质无机非金属材料因具有独特的质感与特性而被广泛应用于3C电子产品等产品的外观件及结构件中。然而,无机非金属材料因韧性及延展性差而无法设计成可与其它部件结合的卡扣结构,因此,无机非金属件一般需要先与塑料件结合,借助于塑料件形成可与其它部件结合的结构件或外观件。
目前,无机非金属件与塑料件的结合方法通常为粘接法和机械法。
粘接法是指利用胶粘剂作为中间的界面材料,将无机非金属件与塑料件结合于一体的方法,然而,粘接法虽然可以实现无机非金属件与塑料件之间的连接,但其存在以下缺点:粘结强度不够高,其结合力一般小于10兆帕(MPa);难以自动化,受操作者熟练程度影响;工作温度受胶粘剂性能影响,一般只能在-50摄氏度(℃)~100℃的温度范围内正常工作;在环境光、热、湿气等因素下,胶粘剂会产生老化断裂等现象;大部分胶粘剂有毒,操作过程中会散发有刺激性的气体,危害人体健康;无法对无机非金属件的结构复杂和/或尺寸小的部位进行粘结。
机械法是指通过结构设计将无机非金属件嵌入塑料件中的方法,机械法虽然也可以实现无机非金属件与塑料件之间的连接,但不适用于结构复杂的无机非金属件与塑料件的结合。
发明内容
有鉴于此,有必要提供一种新的无机非金属与塑料的复合体,以解决上述问题。
另,还有必要提供一种上述无机非金属与塑料的复合体的制备方法。
一种无机非金属与塑料的复合体,其包括无机非金属件及结合于该无机非金属件的塑料件,该无机非金属件具有一第一表面,该第一表面至少部分区域有沟谷状的微观结构,该沟谷状的微观结构的表面形成有凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构,所述塑料件结合于该无机非金属件的具有沟谷状的微观结构的第一表面上。
一种上述无机非金属与塑料的复合体的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
提供无机非金属件,该无机非金属件具有至少一第一表面;
对所述无机非金属件的第一表面进行第一次表面处理,以在该第一表面上形成沟谷状的微观结构,得到第一中间体;
对所述第一中间体进行第二次表面处理,以在该第一中间体的沟谷状的微观结构的表面形成凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构,得到第二中间体;
提供一注塑成型模具,将所述第二中间体置于该注塑成型模具内,注塑塑料于该第二中间体上以形成塑料件,该塑料件结合于所述无机非金属件的具有沟谷状的微观结构的第一表面上。
所述无机非金属与塑料的复合体通过在无机非金属件的第一表面上形成沟谷状的微观结构,并在沟谷状的微观结构的表面形成凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构,然后通过模内注塑成型的方法在该第一表面上形成塑料件,使该塑料件部分填充于沟谷状的微观结构内及沟谷状的微观结构的表面的凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构内。该第一表面上的沟谷状的微观结构及该沟谷状的微观结构表面的凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构不仅可以提高塑料件与无机非金属件之间的结合面积,还可以使塑料件与无机非金属件在结合过程中产生机械咬合,从而有效的提高塑料件与无机非金属件之间的结合力,使无机非金属与塑料的复合体中的无机非金属件与塑料件之间具有较高的结合强度。
附图说明
图1是本发明较佳实施方式的无机非金属与塑料的复合体的剖视示意图。
图2是本发明较佳实施方式的第一中间体的剖视示意图。
图3是图2所示的第一中间体的具有沟谷状的微观结构的表面的扫描电镜图。
图4是本发明较佳实施方式的第二中间体的具有具有沟谷状的微观结构的剖视示意图。
图5是图4所示的第二中间体的具有沟谷状的微观结构的表面的扫面电镜图。
图6是本发明较佳实施方式的注塑成型模具内注塑形成结合于第二中间体的塑料件的示意图。
主要元件符号说明
无机非金属与塑料的复合体 100
无机非金属件 10
第一表面 11
沟谷状的微观结构 111
谷状突起 1111
沟槽 1112
塑料件 20
第一中间体 200
第二中间体 300
注塑成型模具 400
上模 401
浇口 4011
第一模穴 4012
下模 402
第二模穴 4021
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本发明。
具体实施方式
请参阅图1,本发明一较佳实施方式的无机非金属与塑料的复合体100,其可以为电子产品的外壳,也可为建筑用件、医疗器件及汽车等交通工具的零部件等。该无机非金属与塑料的复合体100包括无机非金属件10及结合于该非金属件10的塑料件20。
该无机非金属件10具有至少一第一表面11。该第一表面11至少部分区域形成有沟谷状的微观结构111。该沟谷状的微观结构111为纳米尺寸或微米尺寸。该沟谷状的微观结构111包括谷状突起1111及与该谷状突起1111交替设置的沟槽1112。该沟谷状的微观结构111不仅可以提高塑料件20与无机非金属件10之间的结合面积,还可以使塑料件20与无机非金属件10在结合过程中产生机械咬合,从而有效的提高无机非金属与塑料的复合体100中的塑料件20与无机非金属件10之间的结合力。
在至少一实施例中,该谷状突起1111在该第一表面11所在平面的投影宽度范围为10nm~50µm,该沟槽1112的宽度范围为10nm~50µm,该沟槽1112的深度范围为10nm~100µm。可以理解的,在其它实施例中,该沟谷状的微观结构111的谷状突起1111在该第一表面11所在平面的投影宽度范围、该沟槽1112的宽度范围及该沟槽1112的深度范围可以为其它任意的数值,只要有利于无机非金属件10与塑料件20结合在一起即可。
所述沟谷状的微观结构111是通过对无机非金属件10的第一表面11表面粗化处理或表面成孔处理后形成。该表面粗糙化处理或表面成孔处理可以为化学蚀刻、电化学蚀刻、镭射、光刻显影等本领域习知的表面粗糙化或表面成孔的方法。
所述沟谷状的微观结构111的表面形成有凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构。所述塑料件20部分填充于该沟谷状的微观结构111表面的凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构内。该沟谷状的微观结构111表面的凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构不仅可以进一步提高塑料件20与无机非金属件10之间的结合面积,还可以进一步使塑料件20与无机非金属件10在结合过程中产生机械咬合,从而进一步有效的提高塑料件20与无机非金属件10之间的结合力,得到无机非金属件10与塑料件20之间结合强度较高的无机非金属与塑料的复合体100。
当所述沟谷状的微观结构111的表面具有凹凸不平的结构时,该沟谷状的微观结构111的表面的粗糙度的范围优选为3~500纳米(nm)。当所述沟谷状的微观结构111的表面具有多孔的结构时,该孔的孔径范围优选为2~100nm。可以理解的,该粗糙度范围及孔径范围可以为其它任意的数值,只要有利于无机非金属件10与塑料件20结合在一起即可。
可以理解的,所述沟谷状的微观结构111表面的凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构可以为沟谷状的微观结构111形成的过程中形成的,或者该凹凸不平的结构和多孔的结构是沟谷状的微观结构111形成后对沟谷状的微观结构111进行表面粗化处理或表面成孔处理后形成。
所述无机非金属件10的材质为玻璃、陶瓷、蓝宝石等硬质无机非金属材料。
所述塑料件20以模内注塑的方式结合于所述无机非金属件10的第一表面11上。该塑料件20的主要材质为塑料,该塑料可以为具有高流动的结晶型热塑性塑料,如聚苯硫醚(PPS)塑料、聚酰胺(PA)塑料、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)塑料、聚碳酸酯(PC)、对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)塑料等。
可以理解的,为了提高所述塑料件20的耐冲击性、耐热性及其它的机械性能,还可于该塑料中添加玻璃纤维或碳纤维等增强材料。优选的,该增强材料为玻璃纤维。该玻璃纤维的添加还可以缩小无机非金属件10与塑料件20之间的膨胀系数,可有效的防止塑料件20发生收缩、翘起或脱落,进而提高塑料件20与无机非金属件10之间的结合力。
请结合参阅1~6,一种上述无机非金属与塑料的复合体100的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
步骤S1:提供无机非金属件10。
该无机非金属件10的材质为玻璃、陶瓷、蓝宝石等硬质无机非金属材料。
步骤S2:对所述无机非金属件10进行表面预处理。
该表面预处理可以为常规的脱脂除油处理,以去除该无机非金属件10表面的油脂等污垢,使该无机非金属件10的表面清洁。
该脱脂除油处理的工艺为:使用清洗剂对该无机非金属件10进行超声波清洗。该清洗剂为酒精、丙酮等常规用于去除油脂的清洗剂。该超声波清洗的时间优选为2~10min。
步骤S3:请结合参阅图2~3,对所述经表面预处理后的无机非金属件10的第一表面11进行第一次表面处理,以在该第一表面11上形成沟谷状的微观结构111,得到第一中间体200。
所述沟谷状的微观结构111包括谷状突起1111及与该谷状突起1111交替设置的沟槽1112。该谷状突起1111在该第一表面11所在平面的投影宽度范围优选为10nm~50µm,该沟槽1112的宽度范围优选为10nm~50µm,该沟槽1112的深度范围优选为10nm~100µm。
所述第一次表面处理为表面粗糙化处理和/或表面成孔处理。在一实施方式中,采用光刻显影的方法对所述无机非金属件10的第一表面11进行第一次表面处理。
该光刻显影的具体工艺为:采用感光油墨或光刻胶对该无机非金属件10的不需要进行第一次表面处理的区域进行遮蔽,接着采用腐蚀液对无机非金属件10的未被遮蔽的区域腐蚀5~15min,接着在100~180℃的温度下热处理10~20min,重复该腐蚀-热处理的步骤若干次,然后去除油墨或光刻胶,即在第一表面11上形成沟谷状的微观结构111,得到第一中间体200。其中,腐蚀液的主要成分包括但不限于氢氟酸、氢氟酸铵、硝酸、磷酸、盐酸、草酸、硫酸铵、甘油、硫酸钡、醋氟化氨、硫酸钠、甘油、氟化氢铵、氟化铵、氟化钙、氟硼酸钠、氟硼酸钾、氟硼酸镁、淀粉及氟硅酸钠中的一种或几种。
可以理解的,在其它实施方式中,还可以采用化学蚀刻、电化学蚀刻、镭射等本领域习知的表面粗糙化处理或表面成孔处理的方法对所述第一表面11进行表面粗糙化处理和/或表面成孔处理,以在该第一表面11上形成沟谷状的微观结构111。
步骤S4:请结合参阅图4~5对所述第一中间体200进行第二次表面处理,以在该第一中间体200的沟谷状的微观结构111的表面形成凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构,得到第二中间体300。
当所述沟谷状的微观结构111的表面具有凹凸不平的结构时,该沟谷状的微观结构111的表面的粗糙度的范围优选为3~500nm。当所述沟谷状的微观结构111的表面具有多孔的结构的时候,该孔的孔径范围优选为2~100nm。
所述第二次表面处理为表面粗糙化处理和/或表面成孔处理。在一实施方式中,采用化学蚀刻的方法对所述沟谷状的微观结构111的表面进行第二次表面处理。
该化学蚀刻的具体工艺为:采用感光油墨或光刻胶对该第一中间体200的不需要进行第二次表面处理的区域进行遮蔽,然后将遮蔽后的第一中间体200置于蚀刻液中,在60~70℃的温度下超声波处理30min,即在第一表面11的沟谷状的微观结构111的表面蚀刻形成凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构,得到第二中间体300。其中,该蚀刻液的主要成分包括但不限于氢氧化钠、磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠、EDTA二钠的一种或几种。
可以理解的,在其它实施方式中,还可以采用光刻显影、电化学蚀刻、镭射等本领域习知的表面粗糙化处理或表面成孔处理的方法对所述沟谷状的微观结构111进行表面粗糙化处理和/或表面成孔处理,以在该沟谷状的微观结构111上形成凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构。
步骤S5:请进一步参阅图6,对所述第二中间体300进行模内注塑成型,以在该第二中间体300的第一表面11上形成塑料件20。
提供一注塑成型模具400,将所述第二中间体300置于该注塑成型模具400中。该注塑成型模具400包括上模401及下模402。上模401设置有若干浇口4011及一第一模穴4012,该第一模穴4012用于形成所述塑料件20。下模402形成有可容置所述第二中间体300的第二模穴4021。将所述第二中间体300置于该第二模穴4021中,经由若干浇口4011注塑塑料于第一模穴4012中,冷却后即形成塑料件20,制得所述无机非金属材料与塑料的复合体100。其中,该塑料件20部分填充于所述沟谷状的微观结构111内及沟谷状的微观结构111的表面的凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构内。
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行进一步说明。
实施例1
提供无机非金属件10,该无机非金属件10的材质为玻璃,该无机非金属件10具有一需要与塑料件20结合的第一表面11。
采用酒精对所述无机非金属件10进行表面预处理,以去除该无机非金属件10表面的油脂等污垢。
采用镭射的方法对所述经表面预处理后的无机非金属件10进行第一次表面处理,以在所述第一表面11上镭射形成沟谷状的微观结构111,得到一第一中间体200。该沟谷状的微观结构111的沟槽1112的宽度范围为10nm~2µm,该沟槽1112的深度范围为1µm~100µm。
将所述第一中间体200不需要进行第二次表面处理的区域使用油墨进行遮蔽,然后采用质量浓度为20%的NaOH溶液作为蚀刻液,将所述第一中间200体置于该蚀刻液中,在70℃的温度下超声处理30min,在第一中间体200的沟谷状的微观结构111的表面蚀刻形成凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构,去除油墨,得到第二中间体300。
提供一注塑成型模具400,将所述第二中间体300置于该注塑成型模具400中。对所述第二中间体300进行模内注塑成型,在该第二中间体300的第一表面11上形成塑料件20,制得无机非金属材料与塑料的复合体100。
实施例2
提供无机非金属件10,该无机非金属件10的材质为玻璃,该无机非金属件10具有一需要与塑料件20结合的第一表面11。
采用酒精对所述无机非金属件10进行表面预处理,以去除该无机非金属件10表面的油脂等污垢。
将所述经表面预处理后的无机非金属件10的不需要形成沟谷状的微观结构111的表面进行遮蔽。采用HF: HNO3: H2O体积比为20:14:66的溶液作为蚀刻液,对无机非金属件10未被遮蔽的区域蚀刻10min,重复该蚀刻步骤3次,在无机非金属件10的第一表面11上蚀刻形成沟谷状的微观结构111,得到一第一中间体200。
采用质量浓度为20%的NaOH溶液作为蚀刻液,将所述第一中间体200置于该蚀刻液中,在70℃的温度下超声处理30min,在第一中间体200的沟谷状的微观结构111的表面蚀刻形成凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构。
提供一注塑成型模具400,将所述第二中间体300置于该注塑成型模具400中。对所述第二中间体300进行模内注塑成型,在该第二中间体300的第一表面11上形成塑料件20,制得无机非金属材料与塑料的复合体100。
实施例3
提供无机非金属件10,该无机非金属件10的材质为玻璃,该无机非金属件10具有一需要与塑料件20结合的第一表面11。
采用酒精对所述无机非金属件10进行表面预处理,以去除该无机非金属件10表面的油脂等污垢。
将所述经表面预处理后的无机非金属件10的不需要形成沟谷状的微观结构111的表面进行遮蔽。采用醋氟化氨与硫酸的混合溶液作为蚀刻液,对无机非金属件10未被遮蔽的区域蚀刻10min,重复该蚀刻步骤3次,在无机非金属件10的第一表面11上蚀刻形成沟谷状的微观结构111,得到一第一中间体200。其中,该醋氟化氨与硫酸的混合溶液由180g醋氟化氨、30g硫酸及90g水配置而成。
采用质量浓度为20%的NaOH溶液作为蚀刻液,将所述第一中间体200置于该蚀刻液中,在70℃的温度下超声处理30min,在第一中间体200的沟谷状的微观结构111的表面蚀刻形成凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构。
提供一注塑成型模具400,将所述第二中间体300置于该注塑成型模具400中。对所述第二中间体300进行模内注塑成型,在该第二中间体300的第一表面11上形成塑料件20,制得无机非金属材料与塑料的复合体100。
实施例4
提供无机非金属件10,该无机非金属件10的材质为玻璃,该无机非金属件10具有一需要与塑料件20结合的第一表面11。
采用酒精对所述无机非金属件10进行表面预处理,以去除该无机非金属件10表面的油脂等污垢。
将所述经表面预处理后的无机非金属件10的不需要形成沟谷状的微观结构111的表面进行遮蔽。采用醋氟化氨、草酸、硫酸铵、硫酸钠、甘油及水的混合溶液作为蚀刻液,对无机非金属件10未被遮蔽的区域蚀刻10min,重复该蚀刻步骤3次,在无机非金属件10的第一表面11上蚀刻形成沟谷状的微观结构111,得到一第一中间体200。其中该醋氟化氨、草酸、硫酸铵、硫酸钠、甘油及水的混合溶液由15g醋氟化氨、7g草酸、8g硫酸铵、14g硫酸钠、35g甘油及10水配置而成。
采用质量浓度为20%的NaOH溶液作为蚀刻液,将所述第一中间体200置于该蚀刻液中,在70℃的温度下超声处理30min,在第一中间体200的沟谷状的微观结构111的表面蚀刻形成凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构。
提供一注塑成型模具400,将所述第二中间体300置于该注塑成型模具400中。对所述第二中间体300进行模内注塑成型,在该第二中间体300的第一表面11上形成塑料件20,制得无机非金属材料与塑料的复合体100。
对上述实施例1~4中制得的无机非金属与塑料的复合体100分别进行结合剪切强度测试,测试结果表明实施例1~4中的无机非金属与塑料的复合体100中无机非金属件10与塑料件20之间的结合强度为分别为19.8MPa 、18.6MPa 、18.9MPa 、19.2MPa。而习知的通过胶粘法得到的无机非金属与塑料的复合体中无机非金属件与塑料件的结合强度为5~10MPa。可见,通过本发明的无机非金属与塑料的复合体100的制备方法制得的无机非金属与塑料的复合体100中的无机非金属件10与塑料件20具有较高的结合强度。
本发明的无机非金属与塑料的复合体100通过在无机非金属件10的第一表面11上形成沟谷状的微观结构111,并在沟谷状的微观结构111的表面形成凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构,然后通过模内注塑成型的方法在该第一表面11上形成塑料件20,使该塑料件20部分填充于沟谷状的微观结构111内及沟谷状的微观结构111的表面的凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构内。该第一表面11上的沟谷状的微观结构111及该沟谷状的微观结构111表面的凹凸不平的结构和/或多孔的结构不仅可以提高塑料件20与无机非金属件10之间的结合面积,还可以使塑料件20与无机非金属件10在结合过程中产生机械咬合,从而有效的提高塑料件20与无机非金属件10之间的结合力,使无机非金属与塑料的复合体100中的无机非金属件10与塑料件20之间具有较高的结合强度。
另外,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,可以根据本发明的技术构思做出其它各种相应的改变与变形,而所有这些改变与变形都应属于本发明权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种无机非金属与塑料的复合体,其特征在于:该无机非金属与塑料的复合体包括无机非金属件及结合于该无机非金属件的塑料件,该无机非金属件具有至少一第一表面,该第一表面的至少部分区域具有沟谷状的微观结构,该沟谷状的微观结构的表面具有凹凸不平的结构及多孔的结构中的一种或两种,所述塑料件结合于该无机非金属件的具有沟谷状的微观结构的第一表面上。
2.如权利要求1所述的无机非金属与塑料的复合体,其特征在于:所述塑料件部分填充于该沟谷状的微观结构内。
3.如权利要求1所述的无机非金属与塑料的复合体,其特征在于:所述塑料件部分填充于该沟谷状的微观结构表面的凹凸不平的结构及多孔的结构内。
4.如权利要求1所述的无机非金属与塑料的复合体,其特征在于:所述无机非金属件的材质为玻璃、陶瓷或蓝宝石。
5.如权利要求1所述的无机非金属与塑料的复合体,其特征在于:所述塑料件的材质为结晶型热塑性塑料,该结晶型热塑性塑料为聚苯硫醚塑料、聚酰胺塑料、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯塑料或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯塑料。
6.如权利要求5所述的无机非金属与塑料的复合体,其特征在于:所述结晶型热塑性塑料中添加有玻璃纤维或碳纤维。
7.如权利要求1所述的无机非金属与塑料的复合体,其特征在于:所述沟谷状的微观结构包括谷状突起及与该谷状突起交替设置的沟槽,该谷状突起在该第一表面所在平面的投影宽度范围为10nm~50µm,该沟槽的宽度范围为10nm~50µm,该沟槽的深度范围为10nm~100µm。
8.一种如权利要求1~7中任一项所述的无机非金属与塑料的复合体的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
提供无机非金属件,该无机非金属件具有至少一第一表面;
对所述无机非金属件的第一表面进行第一次表面处理,以在该第一表面上形成沟谷状的微观结构,得到第一中间体;
对所述第一中间体进行第二次表面处理,以在该第一中间体的沟谷状的微观结构的表面形成凹凸不平的结构及多孔的结构中的一种或两种,得到第二中间体;
提供一注塑成型模具,将所述第二中间体置于该注塑成型模具内,注塑塑料于该第二中间体上以形成塑料件,该塑料件结合于所述无机非金属件的具有沟谷状的微观结构的第一表面上。
9.如权利要求8所述的无机非金属与塑料的复合体的制备方法,其特征在于:在对所述无机非金属件进行第一次表面处理之前还包括对该无机非金属件进行表面预处理的步骤,该表面预处理用于去除该无机非金属件表面的污垢。
10.如权利要求8所述的无机非金属与塑料的复合体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述第一第表面处理及第二次表面处理均为表面粗糙化处理及表面成孔处理中的一种或两种,该表面粗糙化处理及表面成孔处理为光刻显影、化学蚀刻、电化学蚀刻或镭射。
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