CN103339521B - 光伏板的测试 - Google Patents

光伏板的测试 Download PDF

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CN103339521B
CN103339521B CN201280006369.2A CN201280006369A CN103339521B CN 103339521 B CN103339521 B CN 103339521B CN 201280006369 A CN201280006369 A CN 201280006369A CN 103339521 B CN103339521 B CN 103339521B
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electronic module
bypass
photovoltaic panel
circuit
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CN103339521A (zh
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M·阿德斯特
G·塞拉
L·汉德尔斯曼
Y·戈林
A·菲谢尔夫
M·盖兹特
察希·格罗文斯基
亚龙·宾德尔
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SolarEdge Technologies Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
    • H02S50/15—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells using optical means, e.g. using electroluminescence
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/40—Testing power supplies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/02016—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices
    • H01L31/02019—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02021—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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Abstract

一种用于测试连接到电子模块（12）的光伏板（10）的方法。电子模块（12）包括附接到光伏板的输入端和电力输出端。该方法通过开关（50）激活电子模块（12）的旁路。该旁路提供在电子模块（12）的输入端和输出端之间的低阻抗路径。电流被注入电子模块，从而补偿在测试过程中电子模块的存在。通过测量电子模块的电路参数可以预先确定所述电流。该电路参数可以是阻抗、电感、电阻或电容。

Description

光伏板的测试
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是于2008年12月4日提交的未决的美国专利申请第12/314115号的部分继续申请，其公开内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及光伏板的生产测试，并且更具体地涉及包括集成电路的光伏板的测试。
相关技术的描述
使用闪光测试仪测量传统的光伏板的电流电压(IV)特性。闪光测试仪测量光伏板在由闪光灯发出的通常在1毫秒内的单一的闪光持续时间期间的电流特性。测量过程基于在外部实验室已单独校准的基准光伏板的已知特性。外部实验室使用AM 1.5G频谱已经精确地确定了对应于标准测试条件(STC)的短路电流。AM1.5G接近正午在地球表面的海平面晴空时(1000W/m2)的太阳光的标准光谱。“AM”代表“空气质量”辐射。“G”代表“全部”，即包括直接辐射和散射辐射。数字“1.5”表示，通过大气层的光路径的长度是当太阳在头顶正上方时的较短路径的1.5倍。在闪光测试期间，光伏板上方的辐照度的测试均匀性通过闪光灯和光伏板之间的6米长的距离获得。
现在参考图2，其示出了传统的闪光测试系统7。闪光测试系统7包括放置在封闭不透光的内侧被涂成黑色的舱19里的光伏板10、闪光测试仪17和闪光灯16。另外，黑窗帘尽量减少从舱的内表面朝向光伏板10反射的强度。光伏板10的区域上方的辐照度的均匀性是通过在测量平面的不同位置放置辐照度传感器来测量的。在闪光测试过程中，闪光测试仪17被连接到光伏板10的输出端。测量过程开始于基准光伏板的闪光测试。在对应于AM1.5G的辐照度期间测量短路电流。然后基准光伏板被交换用于测试光伏板。在随后的闪光期间，辐照度传感器在与基准光伏板的测量期间相同的辐照度触发电流-电压(IV)测量过程。
传统的光伏板典型地串联连接在一起来形成串且串可任意并联连接。连接的光伏板的组合输出通常被输入到逆变器，其将生成的直流电压转换成电网的交流电流。最近，光伏板已经被设计或建议具有集成电路。
现在参考图1，其示意性图示了电路或电子模块12与光伏板10集成的光伏系统14。本文所用的术语“电子模块”是指集成在光伏板的输出端的电子电路。“电子模块”本身可以是现有技术或不是现有技术。代表性参考文献(Cascade DC-DC Converter Connection ofPhotovoltaic Modules,G.R.Walker和P.C.Sernia,Power Electronics SpecialistsConference,2002.(PESC02),Vol.1IEEE,Cairns,Australia,pp.24-29)建议采用与光伏板集成的DC-DC转换器。与光伏板集成的DC-DC转换器是“电子模块”的一个例子。“电子模块”的其他例子包括，但不限于，DC-AC逆变器及其他功率调节电子器件以及感测和监测电子器件。
本发明的另一个参考文献描述了包括与电子模块12集成的光伏板10的光伏系统14的一个例子，该参考文献是题为“Distributed Power Harvesting Systems Using DCPower Sources”的US20080143188。
本文的“电子模块”可具有电功能，例如，用于提高光伏系统14的电转换效率。另外，本文所用的“电子模块”可以具有与电气性能无关的另一功能。例如在题为“Theftdetection and Prevention in a Power Generation System”的共同未决的专利申请中，电子模块12的功能是保护光伏系统12不被盗窃。
由于标准的闪光测试通常不能在与电子模块12集成后在板10上执行，例如因为模块12的存在影响标准试验的结果，因此将有利的是，具有用于光伏系统的闪光测试的系统和方法。
本文所用的术语“光伏板”包括以下项目中的任何一个：薄膜和/或体材料和/或不同材料的一个或多个太阳能电池、多个半导体结的电池，以不同方式连接的太阳能电池(例如，串联、并联、串联/并联)。
发明概述
根据本发明的方面，提供了一种用于测试连接到电子模块的光伏板的方法。电子模块包括附接到光伏板的输入端和电力输出端。该方法激活电子模块的旁路。该旁路提供在电子模块的输入端和输出端之间的低阻抗路径。电流被注入到电子模块，由此可以补偿在测试过程中电子模块的存在。所述电流可以通过测量电子模块的电路参数被预先确定。该电路参数可以是阻抗、电感、电阻或电容。电子模块优选被永久性附接到光伏板。旁路的激活可通过在外部施加电磁场或磁场来实现。电子模块可以是DC到DC转换器、DC到AC转换器或最大功率点跟踪转换器。电子模块执行最大功率点跟踪，以最大化在电子模块的输入端或输出端的功率。旁路可包括簧片开关、簧片继电器开关、固态开关或熔断器。旁路可包括熔断器，其具有直接跨接熔断器的电源，其中电流从电源流过，通过烧断熔断器来去激活旁路。旁路通常可包括固态开关。该旁路可以还包括熔断器和并联连接的被布置在光伏板和电子模块之间并与光伏板和电子模块并联连接的开关。电源单元通常跨接在电子模块的输出端，且关闭开关提供了通过熔断器的低阻抗路径，从而烧断熔断器。并联连接的开关可以是硅控整流器、簧片开关、固态开关、或簧片继电器。烧断熔断器通常去激活电子模块的旁路。去激活旁路优选通过与电子模块进行通信来执行。
根据本发明的方面，提供了一种用于测试光伏板系统的装置，光伏板系统包括连接到电子模块的光伏板。电子模块包括附接到光伏板的至少一个输入端和至少一个电力输出端。该装置包括可操作地附接到电子模块的旁路。旁路提供在电子模块的至少一个电力输出端和至少一个输入端之间的低阻抗路径。电流注入器可以可操作地附接到电子模块。电路参数分析仪可操作地附接到电子模块。电路参数分析仪适于测量电子模块的电路参数。处理器可以可操作地附接到电路参数分析仪。该处理器优选被配置为基于电路参数对可编程电流注入器进行编程。通过测量电子模块的电路参数可以确定该电流。该电路参数可以是阻抗、电感、电阻或电容。
该旁路可以还包括旁路部件，它具有至少一个开关和至少一个熔断器。旁路部件通常连接电子模块的至少一个电力输出端和至少一个输入端。至少一个开关可以是磁激活的簧片开关，电磁激活的簧片继电器开关或固态开关。电子模块通常执行最大功率点跟踪。电子模块可以执行：DC到DC转换或DC到AC逆变。
根据本发明的又一个方面，提供了一种用于测试光伏板系统时使用的装置的方法。光伏板系统包括连接到电子模块的光伏板。电子模块包括附接到光伏板的至少一个输入端和至少一个电力输出端。装置通常包括可操作地附接到至少一个电力输出端和测试模块的电流注入器，可操作地附接到电子模块的电路参数分析仪以及可操作地附接到电路参数分析仪的处理器。该方法通常将旁路附接到电子模块。旁路优选提供在电子模块的至少一个电力输出端和至少一个输入端之间的低阻抗路径。在测试该板之前，至少一个电力输出端的电路参数被测量，然后使用基于测量的参数对电流注入器编程。注入电流与触发测试模块通常同时进行，由此可以补偿在触发过程中电子模块的存在。
上述和/或其它方面从以下的详细描述并结合附图进行考虑时，将变得明显。
附图的简要描述
本文仅通过示例的方式参照附图描述了本发明，其中：
图1示出包括光伏板和电子模块的发电系统。
图2示出了现有技术的闪光测试模块。
图3示出了根据本发明的特征的应用旁路的图1和2中所示的电子模块的一般等效电路。
图4示出了根据本发明的实施例的光伏板的闪光测试方法的流程图。
图5是根据本发明的实施例的连接到光伏板和测试模块的电子模块的激活的旁路电路。
图6是根据本发明的实施例的连接到光伏板的电子模块的去激活的旁路电路。
图7是根据本发明的另一实施例的连接到光伏板和测试模块的电子模块的激活的旁路电路。
图8是根据本发明的另一实施例的连接到光伏板的电子模块的去激活的旁路电路。
图8a是根据本发明的另一个实施例的连接到光伏板的电子模块的使用熔断器和电源的去激活的旁路电路。
图8b是根据本发明的又一实施例的连接到光伏板的电子模块的使用熔断器、电源和硅控整流器(SCR)的去激活的旁路电路。
图9是根据本发明的又一实施例的连接到光伏板和测试模块的电子模块的激活的旁路电路。
图10是根据本发明的又一实施例的连接到光伏板的电子模块的去激活的旁路电路。
图11示出根据本发明的特征的一旦闪光测试已被执行后去激活旁路的另一种方式。
图12a示出了根据本发明的特征的连接到补偿单元的模块。
图12b示出了根据本发明的特征的图12a所示的补偿单元的进一步的细节。
图12c示出了根据本发明的特征的模拟电路。
图12d示出根据本发明的特征的示于图12c中的测试电路的模拟结果。
图12e示出根据本发明的特征的另一模拟电路。
图12f示出根据本发明的特征的示于图12e的测试电路的模拟结果。
图12g示出根据本发明的特征的模拟电路。
图12h示出根据本发明的特征的测试电路的补偿的模拟结果。
图12i示出根据本发明的特征的方法。
图12j示出根据本发明的特征的方法。
上述和/或其它方面从以下的详细描述并结合附图进行考虑时，将变得明显。
详细描述
现在将参照详细说明本发明的实施例，其示例在附图中示出，其中相似的标号指相似的元件。通过参照附图，在下面对实施例进行描述以解释本发明。
现在参考图1，其示出包括连接到电子模块12的光伏板10的发电系统14。在本发明的一些实施例中，电子模块12被“永久性附接”到光伏板10。在本发明的其它实施例中，电子模块与光伏板10集成，但并不“永久性附接”到光伏板10。本文中使用的术语“永久性附接”是指用于附接的方法或装置，使得电子模块12从光伏板10的物理去除或其尝试会造成例如电子模块12和/或板10损坏。现有技术中的用于“永久性附接”的任何机构可应用于本发明的不同实施例。当电子模块12被永久性附接到光伏板10时，在试图从光伏板10移除电子模块12时，光伏板10的操作停止或它们的连接断开。用于永久性附接的一种这样的机构使用热固性粘合剂，如环氧基树脂和固化剂。
参照图3，其更详细地示出电子模块12的一个例子。电子模块12连接光伏板10和测试模块20。阻抗Z1是电子模块12的串联等效阻抗。阻抗Z2是电子模块12的等效输入阻抗。阻抗Z3是电子模块12的等效输出阻抗。在光伏板10的输出端和测试模块20的输入端之间应用旁路链路40时，消除了在闪光测试期间串联等效阻抗Z1的影响。在应用旁路链路40后，阻抗Z2和Z3并联，产生了并联阻抗ZT，如式1给出的。
阻抗Z2和Z3的值较高，ZT将对光伏板10的闪光测试的影响不大。
参考图4、图5和图6，其示出本发明的实施例。图4示出根据本发明的实施例的用于通过旁路电子模块12来闪光测试光伏板10的方法的流程图。图5和图6是根据本发明的实施例的发电系统14的对应的系统图。图5示出在旁路40被激活时的旁路40。参照图5，通过磁体52的磁场激活的单刀单掷(SPST)开关50在光伏板10的闪光测试期间连接光伏板10的输出端和测试模块20的输入端以绕过电子模块12。在本发明的一个实施例中，SPST开关50是簧片开关(例如，零件号：HYR 203 1-1，美国NV的Aleph美国公司)或簧片继电器或固态开关。通过施加磁场52到SPST开关50使SPST开关50关闭，如图5所示，电子模块12的旁路40被激活(步骤201)。使用闪光测试模块20进行闪光测试(步骤203)。在光伏板10的闪光测试后，通过去除SPST开关50的磁场52，电子模块12的旁路40被去激活(步骤205)。图6示出光伏板10连接到电子模块12的输入端，SPST开关50旁路被去激活(步骤205)。
参考图7和图8，其示出本发明的另一实施例。图7示出旁路40。参照图7，熔断器50a在光伏板10的闪光测试期间连接光伏板10的输出端和测试模块20的输入端以绕过电子模块12。再次参照图4，通过熔断器50a在未烧断状态(如图7所示)和SPST开关5b开路，电子模块12的旁路40被激活(步骤201)。在本发明的一个实施例中，SPST开关5b是簧片开关(例如，零件号：HYR 203 1-1，美国NV的Aleph美国公司)或簧片继电器或固态开关。使用闪光测试模块20进行闪光测试(步骤203)。在光伏板10的闪烁测试后，电子模块12的旁路40被去激活(步骤205)。图8示出了旁路40被去激活(步骤205)。图8示出了连接到电子模块12的输入端的光伏板10和跨接在电子模块12的输出端的电源单元(PSU)13。由于磁场52的应用，SPST开关5b处于闭合位置。
现在参照图11，其示出根据本发明的特征的在一旦执行闪光测试(步骤203)后去激活旁路40(步骤205)的又一方式。光伏板10被连接到降压升压转换器12a的输入端。降压升压转换器12a的输出端被连接至PSU13。在旁路40的去激活(步骤205)期间，经由PSU 13叠加在降压升压转换器12a的输出端的电力线通信，施加到降压升压转换器12a附近的无线信号，或基于一些逻辑电路—即由PSU 13所施加的特定的电压，会导致MOSFET的GC和GA导通。MOSFET的GC和GA导通会导致短路电流Isc从PSU 13流动，并通过熔断器50a。短路电流Isc烧断熔断器50a，使熔断器50a开路且旁路40被去激活(步骤205)。
SPST开关5b的关闭和PSU13被跨接施加在电子模块12的输出端，会导致短路电流Isc从PSU13流动并通过熔断器50a和SPST开关5b。短路电流Isc烧断熔断器50a使熔断器50a开路且磁场52的去除去激活旁路40(步骤205)。
去激活旁路40(步骤205)的另一种方法示于图8a中。图8a示出连接到电子模块12的输入端的光伏板10和跨接在熔断器50a的两端被施加的电源单元(PSU)13。PSU 13横跨熔断器50a被施加，导致短路电流Isc从PSU 13流过，并通过熔断器50a。短路电流Isc烧断熔断器50a使熔断器50a开路且旁路40被去激活(步骤205)。
去激活旁路40(步骤205)的另一种方法示于图8b中。图8b示出连接到电子模块12的输入端的光伏板10和跨接在电子模块12的两端被施加的电源单元(PSU)13。硅控整流器(SCR)15的阳极和阴极并联连接在光伏板10的输出端和电子模块12的输入端。SCR 15的栅极以这样一种方式连接在电子模块12内，使得跨接电子模块12的输出端施加PSU13导致栅极信号被施加到SCR的栅极。施加到SCR 15的栅极脉冲将SCR15切换到导通。获得到SCR15的栅极的脉冲的可供选择的方法包括，通过PSU13叠加到电子模块12的输出端的电力线通信，施加到电子模块12附近的无线信号，或基于一些逻辑电路—即通过PSU13施加的特定的电源电压导致栅极信号被施加到SCR15。施加到SCR15的栅极信号和跨接电子模块12的输出端施加PSU 13，会导致短路电流Isc从PSU 13流过熔断器50a和SCR 15。短路电流Isc烧断熔断器50a使熔断器50a开路且旁路40被去激活(步骤205)。
现在参考图4、图9和图10，其示出本发明的发电系统14的另一个实施例，特别适用于所产生的并联阻抗ZT小到足以破坏闪光测试的结果的情况，如小于电子模块12中的1兆欧姆。再次参照图4，图4示出根据本发明的实施例的用于通过旁路电子模块12来闪光测试光伏板10的方法的流程图。图4包括激活旁路的步骤201，步骤203执行闪光，及步骤205去激活旁路。
图9示出旁路40被激活时的旁路40。参照图9，由磁体52的磁场激活的单刀双掷(SPDT)开关70、SPST开关72和SPDT开关74连接光伏板10的输出端和测试模块20的输入端来在光伏板10的闪光测试过程中执行绕过电子模块12的功能。在本发明的一个实施例中，SPDT开关70和74是簧片开关(例如，零件号：HYR-1555-C型，美国NV的Aleph美国公司Reno)或簧片继电器或固态开关。在由磁场52激活时，SPDT开关70和74提供开路阻抗来取代在光伏板10的闪光测试过程中电子模块12被绕过时的并联阻抗ZT。通过施加磁场52到SPST开关72和SPDT开关70和74，导致图9所示的开关位置，电子模块12的旁路40被激活(步骤201)。接下来，使用闪光测试模块20进行闪光测试(步骤203)。在光伏板10的闪光测试后，电子模块12的旁路通过去除对SPST开关72和SPDT开关70和74的磁场52被去激活(步骤205)。图10示出SPST开关72和SPDT开关70和74被去激活，光伏板10连接到电子模块12(步骤205)。
在发电系统14的操作过程中，直流电力由光伏板10产生，并转移到电子模块12的输入端。电子模块12通常是执行DC-DC转换的降压-升压转换器电路或将DC转换成AC的逆变器或执行最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)的电路。
现在参考图12a，其示出了根据本发明的特征的模块12a连接到补偿单元17a。光伏板10连接到降压升压转换器12a的输入端。降压升压转换器12a的输出端在端子A连接到补偿单元17a，单元17a的另一端子B连接到常规的闪光测试仪17。熔断器50a提供板10和常规的闪光测试仪17/补偿单元17a之间的低阻抗串行路径。应用旁路链路50a(即熔断链路50a未被烧断)，连接到常规的闪光测试仪17/补偿单元17a的电路12a的并联阻抗(ZT)来自电容器C1和C2，现在通过链路50a并联连接电路12a。如果总的电容值(C1+C2)较大(通常约为50微法)，低的并联阻抗ΖT可以对由测试仪17在板10上执行的闪光测试的结果具有显著的影响。
现在参考图12b，其示出根据本发明的特征的补偿单元17a的进一步的细节。补偿单元17a具有可编程的电流注入器130、电路分析仪128和处理器126。可编程的电流注入器130具有可使用端子A连接到电子模块12/12a的电压源E1。电压源E1的第一正极端子和电压源E1的第一负极端子提供端子A。电压源E1的第一正极端子连接到结点P。电压源E1的第二正极端子和第二负极端子在节点M和地之间跨接在串联连接的电容器Cp和电阻R两端。电容器Cp的一端连接到节点M及电容器Cp的另一端在节点N连接到电阻器Rp。电阻Rp的另一端连接到地。电流源G2的第一正极端子连接到节点P及电流源G2的第一负极端子连接到地。从连接到节点P和地提供端子B。电流源G2的第二正极端子连接到节点N及电流源G2的第二负极端子连接到地。
电路分析仪128的输入端来自节点P。电路分析仪128的输出端通向处理器126的输入端。处理器126具有两个输出端(用虚线表示)，其编程/控制电流源G2和电压源E1。电路分析仪128测量电子模块12/12a的电路参数。由电路分析仪128所测量的电路参数优选为电子模块12/12a的并联阻抗。处理器126优选被配置成使用由电路分析仪128测得的电路参数编程/控制电流注入器130。
现在参考根据本发明的特征的图12c和图12d。图12c示出了模拟电路121a，它具有脉冲发生器120，输出电压和电流124连接到测试电路122a。模拟电路121a是闪光测试系统的等效电路表示。脉冲发生器120是用于照射光伏板10的闪光灯16的等效电路表示及测试电路122a是光伏板10的等效电路表示。脉冲发生器120具有电压V1，这是通常为33伏峰值、上升和下降时间为0.01毫秒、脉冲持续时间为0.54毫秒的脉冲。来自电压V1的脉冲通过电阻器Rg被施加到测试电路122a，电阻器Rg串联连接电压V1和测试电路122a。测试电路122a具有电阻Rpm，其串联连接在脉冲发生器120的输出端和地之间。图12d示出测试电路122a的模拟结果，输出电压和电流124，作为脉冲V1被施加到测试电路122a结果。输出电压和电流124具有同相的27V的峰值电压和5.4A的峰值电流。
现在参考根据本发明的特征的图12e和图12f。图12e示出了模拟电路121b，它具有脉冲发生器120，输出电压和电流124连接到测试电路122b。模拟电路121b具有与图12b示出的相同的元件，但在测试电路122b中增加了与电阻器Rpm并联连接的电容器Cm。测试电路122b中的电容Cm代表例如连接到板10的模块12a的总并联电容。图12f中示出测试电路122a的模拟结果，测试电路122b的输出电压和电流124，作为脉冲V1(33伏的峰值，上升和下降时间为0.01毫秒，及脉冲持续时间为0.54毫秒)被施加到测试电路122b的结果。输出电压和电流124现在不同相，电压(27V)滞后，电流峰值达到40A。
现在参照根据本发明的特征的图12g、图12h和图12i。图12g示出模拟电路121c，它具有脉冲发生器120，输出电压和电流124连接到测试电路122b。模拟电路121c具有与图12e示出的相同的元件，但增加了与测试电路122b的电容Cm并联连接的补偿单元17a。电容Cm代表例如连接到板10的模块12a的总并联电容，旁路50a作为未烧断的熔断器链路被激活(步骤1201)。在补偿单元17a中，电路分析仪128测量测试模块122b的电路参数。由电路分析仪128所测量的电路参数优选为测试模块122b的并联阻抗或测试模块122b的并联电容。处理器126优选被配置为使用由电路分析仪128测得的电路参数来编程/控制电流注入器130。在进行闪光测试时，补偿单元17a可以注入电流到测试模块122b中，以补偿测试模块122b的并联电容(步骤1203)。图12h示出测试电路122b的经补偿的输出电压和电流124，作为脉冲V1(33伏的峰值，上升和下降时间为0.01毫秒，及脉冲持续时间为0.54毫秒)被施加到测试电路122b的结果。输出电压和电流124现在同相，及输出电压和电流124表示测试电路122b的电阻Rpm的电流/电压特性。
现在再次参照图12a、12b和图12j，它示出了根据本发明的实施例的方法1220。链路50a作为未烧断的熔断器链路被激活(步骤1201)，低阻抗路径存在于模块12a的输入端和输出端之间。在使用测试仪17进行对板10的闪光测试之前，位于补偿单元17a中的电路分析仪128测量(步骤1223)电子模块12a的输出端的电路参数，模块12a的输入端连接到板10。在熔断器50a根据步骤1221连接时，由电路分析仪128测量的电路参数可能是闪光测试仪17断开时，与板10并联的电容器C1和C2的阻抗。另外，在附接到板10之前，可测量模块12a的并联阻抗的值(以提供标注值)。处理器126优选被配置为使用由电路分析仪128测量的电路参数或从标注值来编程和/或控制电流注入器130(步骤1225)。(1227)闪光测试仪17可操作地附接到补偿单元17a、模块12a和板10，在由补偿单元17a注入的电流同时触发板的闪光测试时，使用测试仪17进行闪光测试。
本文所使用的定冠词“一(a)”、“一(an)”，如“一个转换器”、“一个开关”，具有“一个或多个”的含义，即“一个或多个转换器”或“一个或多个开关”。
虽然已经示出和描述了本发明的选择的实施例，但是应当理解，本发明并不限于所描述的实施例。相反，应该理解的是，在不脱离本发明的原则和精神的情况下，可对这些实施例进行改变，本发明的范围由权利要求书及其等价物限定。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于测试连接到电子模块的光伏板的方法，包括以下步骤：
通过电路分析仪测量电子模块的并联电容，其中所述电路分析仪的输入端来自于连接至电压源和电流源的节点；
激活所述电子模块的旁路，其中，所述旁路包括在所述电子模块的输入端和所述电子模块的输出端之间的低阻抗路径；及
基于所测量的并联电容将电流注入所述电子模块，以在连接到所述电子模块的输入端的光伏板的测试过程中补偿所述电子模块的存在。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
基于所测量的并联电容来确定要注入的电流的量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述节点连接至所述电压源的正极端子和所述电流源的正极端子。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述激活包括在外部施加电磁场和磁场中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述电子模块执行下列之一：DC到DC转换、DC到AC转换和最大功率点跟踪。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述旁路包括簧片开关、簧片继电器开关、固态开关和熔断器中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述旁路包括熔断器，所述方法还包括以下步骤：
闭合开关以使短路电流流过所述熔断器，从而烧断所述熔断器。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述旁路包括熔断器，所述方法还包括以下步骤：
将电源直接跨接在所述熔断器两端，其中，从所述电源流过的电流通过烧断所述熔断器来去激活所述旁路。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：
去激活所述电子模块的所述旁路。
10.一种用于测试连接到电子模块的光伏板的装置，包括：
旁路，其可操作地附接到电子模块，其中，所述旁路包括在所述电子模块的输出端和所述电子模块的输入端之间的低阻抗路径；
电流注入器，其可操作地附接到所述电子模块；
电路参数分析仪，其可操作地附接到所述电子模块，其中，所述电路参数分析仪适于基于所述电路参数分析仪的输入端来测量所述电子模块的并联电容，其中，所述电路参数分析仪的所述输入端来自于可操作地附接到电压源和电流源的节点；及
处理器，其可操作地附接到所述电路参数分析仪，其中，所述处理器被配置为基于所测量的并联电容来编程所述电流注入器以将电流注入所述电子模块。
11.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其中，所述处理器被配置为基于所测量的并联电容确定所述电流的量。
12.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其中，所述节点可操作性地附接到所述电压源的正极端子和所述电流源的正极端子。
13.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其中，所述旁路包括选自下列项组成的组的旁路部件：至少一个开关和至少一个熔断器，所述旁路部件连接所述电子模块的所述输出端和所述输入端。
14.根据权利要求13所述的装置，其中，所述至少一个开关选自下列项组成的组：
磁激活的簧片开关；
电磁激活的簧片继电器开关；以及
固态开关。
15.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其中所述电子模块是DC到DC转换器、DC到AC逆变器和最大功率点跟踪转换器中的一种。
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