WO2004109890A1 - 発電システム - Google Patents
発電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004109890A1 WO2004109890A1 PCT/JP2003/007298 JP0307298W WO2004109890A1 WO 2004109890 A1 WO2004109890 A1 WO 2004109890A1 JP 0307298 W JP0307298 W JP 0307298W WO 2004109890 A1 WO2004109890 A1 WO 2004109890A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- power generation
- power
- voltage
- generation system
- modules
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
- H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power generation system that generates AC power from a DC power generated by a solar cell, a fuel cell, or the like via an inverter circuit, and relates to a switching mechanism for switching a DC power voltage in multiple stages, a storage function, and an improvement in power generation performance It has the following features. Background art
- the known solar power generation system shown in Fig. 24 is a general system-coupling type system that controls the inverter circuit by the PWM method, and is a solar cell system in which a plurality of power generation modules are connected in series and a plurality of power generation modules are connected in parallel.
- the control device 102 includes a voltage detector 103 for detecting a reference voltage of an AC system, an amplifier 104 for amplifying the detected voltage, a triangular wave generator 105, a PWM control unit 106, and the like.
- the PWM control unit 106 is based on the sine wave 107 of the command voltage based on the reference voltage shown in FIG.
- the switch element of the inverter circuit 101 is controlled to generate a square-wave AC voltage 109 as shown in FIG. 23, and the square-wave AC voltage 109 is smoothed by a filter circuit. It converts it to sinusoidal AC power and outputs it to the AC system.
- the output of the solar cell is intermittently converted into AC power, so that the output of the solar cell can only be used by about 90%. is there.
- FIG. 26 for example, four sets of solar cells 110 capable of generating DC power of 10 V, 20 V, 40 V, and 80 V are provided, and switches SI, S 2 , S 3, and S 4, only switch S 1 is turned on to output 10 V DC power, and by appropriately turning on switches, the DC power voltage is increased in 10 V units. It can be changed to 20 V, 30 V,..., 140 V, 15 OV stepwise. The DC power is converted into AC power as shown in Figs.
- the fuel cell is configured such that a large number of unit cells are provided in a stacked state, and the large number of unit cells are connected in series to output DC power. Since each unit battery generates DC power of about 0.6 to 0.7 V, this power generation system is linked to a single-phase AC system for home use, and DC power generated by the power generation system is converted to AC power.
- the technology to supply has the same problems as in the case of the solar power generation system. Disclosure of the invention
- the power generation system of the present invention is a power generation system comprising: a power generation device that generates DC power; and an inverter circuit that converts the DC power generated by the power generation device into AC power.
- the inverter circuit comprising: a plurality of power generation modules each including a plurality of power generation units or power generation units; and at least one power storage unit connected in parallel to each of the plurality of power generation modules.
- the positive and negative buses connected to the input side of each of the power generation modules, the respective positive electrodes of the plurality of power generation modules are connected to the positive bus.
- a plurality of second switch means that can be connected to the negative electrode of the power generation module adjacent to the power supply module, and a plurality of third switches that can be connected to the negative electrode of each of the plurality of power generation modules. It is characterized in that a Tutsi means.
- Each of the plurality of power generation modules receives the sunlight and constantly generates DC power of a predetermined voltage, and at the same time, the power storage means connected in parallel to each of the plurality of power generation modules outputs the predetermined power output from these power generation modules. Receiving voltage DC power, this DC power is always stored.
- a plurality of power generation modules are divided into a plurality of groups, and a plurality of power generation modules of each group are connected in series by a plurality of second switch means, and are connected in parallel to the positive and negative buses by the first and third switch means. can do. If the number of power generation modules connected in series is two, the DC output voltage will be 2 Vmin, and if the number of power generation modules connected in series is four, the DC output voltage will be 4 Vmin. In this way, it is possible to gradually increase or decrease the DC output voltage output from the power generation device.
- the DC output voltage can be switched stepwise simply by switching the first, second, and third switch means as described above while effectively utilizing the outputs of all the power generation modules.
- the idle of the power generation module does not occur, and the utilization rate of the power generation module can be sufficiently increased.
- the structure of the accompanying electric circuit can be simplified, for example, by reducing the filter capacitance for absorbing noise and harmonics and preventing electromagnetic interference.
- the switching frequency of the plurality of first, second, and third switch means is also less than the switching frequency of the switching elements of the PWM type inverter circuit, and the switching frequency of the plurality of first, second, and third switch means is reduced. In this case, a small-sized switching element can be applied, and the cost of the switching gloss and the switching element can be reduced.
- the connection pattern of the plurality of first, second, and third switch means is changed according to a decrease in the output voltage of the power generation module, such as in cloudy weather, morning, and evening.
- the voltage of the DC power output from the power generator can be adjusted, so there is no need to provide a step-up chopper, and the system has high versatility and flexibility.
- the output voltage is increased stepwise, the output current decreases stepwise, and when the output voltage is decreased stepwise, the first and second power characteristics are increased so that the output current gradually increases. 2. Since the third switch means can be switched, it is possible to control the power generator to operate at the maximum power point.
- DC power of a predetermined voltage is output from the power storage means connected in parallel to the power generation module whose voltage has dropped to the positive / negative bus so as to compensate for the reduction of the output voltage of the power generation module, so that the output power can be leveled,
- the DC voltage-DC current characteristics of the power generation module can be improved.
- the DC power of a predetermined voltage is supplied from the stored power storage means to the positive and negative buses. Since the power is output to the power generator, the power generation time is not limited, and the power generation performance of the power generator can be significantly improved.
- the plurality of first, second, and third switch means are each constituted by a semiconductor switching element, and by controlling the switching of the plurality of first, second, and third switch means, A control device for switching the output voltage stepwise is provided.
- the plurality of power generation modules are divided into a plurality of groups, and the control device connects the plurality of power generation modules of each group in series by a plurality of second switch means.
- the bus can be connected in parallel.
- the inverter circuit includes a plurality of semiconductor switching elements, and the semiconductor switching elements are controlled by the control device.
- Second and third switch means and a plurality of semiconductor switching elements of the impeller circuit.
- the plurality of power generation units of the power generation module are arranged in a matrix with a plurality of columns and a plurality of rows, and are connected in parallel and in series.
- Each of the power generation units is made of a solar cell in which a pn junction is formed in a granular semiconductor.
- the power generation device is configured by a fuel cell in which a plurality of unit cells are stacked, and each of the power generation units is configured by the unit cell.
- the power storage means is an electric double layer capacitor.
- the power storage means is a secondary battery.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of the power generation system
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the power generation unit
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the power generation unit
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the power generation unit
- FIG. 6 is a transistor circuit diagram showing a configuration of switches S1 to S7
- FIG. 6 is a transistor circuit diagram showing a configuration of switches Slla to S17a and Sllb to S17b.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the control device of the system
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the power generation system in the power generation mode Ml
- FIG. 9 is an operation explanatory diagram of the power generation system in the power generation mode M2
- FIG. 0 is an operation explanatory diagram of the power generation system in the power generation mode M4
- FIG. 11 is an operation explanatory diagram of the power generation system in the power generation mode M8,
- FIG. 12 is a diagram of FIG. 1 in the high incident light state.
- Fig. 13 is a diagram of the voltage waveform of the DC power output from the power generation system of Fig. 1 and the voltage waveform of the single-phase AC system in a low incident light state
- Fig. 14 is the packaged power generation system.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line NN of FIG. 14
- FIG. 16 is a plan view of the solar cell substrate arranged on the upper side
- FIG. 17 is a plan view of the solar cell substrate arranged on the lower side.
- FIG. 18 is a rear view of an electronic component substrate
- FIG. 18 is a configuration diagram of a power generation system according to a modification
- FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram of a power generation module
- FIG. 20 is a power generation system of FIG. Fig. 21 is an explanatory diagram of modes and output voltages, etc.
- Fig. 21 is a configuration diagram of a power generation system provided with two sets of power generation systems of Fig. 18;
- Fig. 22 is a description of output voltage in the power generation system of Fig. 21
- Fig. 23 shows the voltage waveform of the DC power output from the power generation system and the single-phase AC system. It is a diagram of the voltage waveform of.
- Fig. 24 to Fig. 27 show the prior art
- Fig. 24 is the overall configuration diagram of the PWM system
- Fig. 25 is the command voltage sine wave and carrier wave in the PWM system
- Fig. 26 is an overall configuration diagram of the battery switching type power generation system
- Fig. 27 (A) is a time chart of the voltage waveform generated in the power generation system of Fig. 24.
- FIG. 27 (B) is a diagram of a current waveform generated in the power generation system of FIG. 24.
- the power generation system 1 includes a power generation device 2 that generates DC power, and a DC power generated by the power generation device 2 that is converted into AC power to form a single-phase AC system. It controls the inverter circuit 3 to be output, the switching mechanism Sm for switching the voltage of the DC power of the power generator 2 in a plurality of stages, and the switching mechanism Sm and the switching elements 51 to 54 of the inverter circuit 3.
- the control device 4 includes a voltage detector 5 that detects a voltage of a single-phase AC system and inputs the voltage to the control device 4.
- the power generator 2 in the present embodiment has a configuration in which the positive electrode 62 and the middle section are connected in parallel so as to be connected in parallel to each of the eight power generation modules 21 to 28 and the power generation modules 21 to 28.
- An electric double-layer capacitor for electric storage 29 a connected to the line 59 and an electric double-layer capacitor for electric storage 29 b connected to the parallel connection line 59 and the negative electrode 60 are provided.
- These power generation modules 21 to 28 are arranged in one row with the power generation direction aligned.Each power generation module 21 to 28 is arranged in a matrix of 2 rows and 5 columns and connected in parallel and in series. It has 10 power generation units 30.
- Each power generation unit 30 is composed of any one of the three types of granular solar cells 30A to 30C shown in FIGS. It can generate 5 to 0.6 V DC.
- the solar cell 3 OA in FIG. 2 is a spherical semiconductor 31 made of n-type silicon having a diameter of about 1.5 to 3.0 mm, a p-type diffusion layer 32, a pn junction 33, a silicon oxide insulating film 34, and a spherical semiconductor 31. And a negative electrode 36 and the like facing each other across the center.
- This kind of solar cell 30A is described in WO98 / 15983 filed by the present applicant.
- the solar cell 30C shown in Fig. 4 is a columnar semiconductor made of p-type silicon with a diameter of about 1.5 to 3.0 mm 43, an n-type diffusion layer 44, 11 junctions 45, and a p + diffusion layer 4 6, an insulating film 47 of silicon oxide, a positive electrode 48 and a negative electrode 49 provided at both ends.
- the above-mentioned solar cells 30 A to 30 C are merely examples, and various power generation modules having a function of generating DC power of about 1.0 to 10.0 V (for example, 1 Solar cells in the form of a panel or multiple small panel-shaped solar cells are assembled into a panel to form a panel, a fuel cell, etc.).
- the power generation unit 30 includes, for example, various power generation units or power generation units or power generation function units that generate DC power of a relatively low voltage (for example, a single panel-shaped solar cell or a plurality of small panel-shaped solar cells). It is also possible to apply one or more power generation units, power generation function units, and fuel cells included in a solar cell that is assembled into a panel.
- the electric double-layer capacitors 29a and 29b for power storage use activated carbon in contact with an electrolyte as an electrode, contact the electrolyte with activated carbon, and apply a voltage to polarize the interface. When they occur, they accumulate electricity in the same way as capacitors. They have low pollution, have excellent charge / discharge times, and can accumulate relatively large electric capacity.
- the electric double layer capacitor 29 a is connected to the positive electrode 62 and the parallel connection line 59, and is connected in parallel to the upper five power generation units 30 connected in parallel.
- the electric double layer capacitor 29 b is connected to the parallel connection line 59 and the negative electrode 60, and is connected in parallel to the lower five power generation units 30 connected in parallel.
- the electric double layer capacitors 29 a and 29 b receive the DC power generated by the plurality of power generation units 30 connected in parallel, and always store the DC power. However, if the power generation of any one or more of the power generation units 30 is significantly reduced, the electric double layer capacitors 29 a and 29 are used to compensate for the decrease in output power.
- DC power of voltage is output to positive and negative buses 6 and 7
- the inverter circuit 3 is composed of, for example, four switching elements 51 to 54 made of an n-channel IGBT connected in a bridge, and each of the switching elements 51 to 54 has a reflux diode 55 to 58. Is also connected. These four switching elements 5 :! to 54 are controlled by control signals from the controller 4.
- the switching elements 51 and 54 and the switching elements 53 and 52 are paired and alternately turned on to output AC from the output terminals 8 and 9 to a single-phase AC system.
- a positive bus 6 and a negative bus 7 are connected to the input side of the inverter circuit 3.
- the switching mechanism S m is provided between the power generator 2 and the inverter circuit 3, and switches the output voltage of the DC power generated by the power generator 2 and output to the inverter circuit 3 in a plurality of stages. : An arbitrary number of! To 28 are connected in series, and the power generation module groups connected in series can be connected in parallel to the inverter circuit 3.
- the switching mechanism Sm has a plurality of switches S1 to S7, S11a to S17a, and S11b to S17b.
- the switches SI to S7 are switches that can be switched between a state in which the negative electrode 60 of each of the two power generation modules 2:!
- Each of the switches S1 to S7 is composed of, for example, an npn type bipolar transistor 61 that is turned on and off by a control device 4, as shown in FIG.
- the switches S11a to S17a are switches that can be switched between a state in which the positive electrodes 62 of the seven power generation modules 22 to 28 are connected to the positive bus 6 and a state in which the positive electrodes 62 are separated from each other.
- Switches S11b to S17b connect the positive electrode 62 of the seven power generation modules 22 to 28 to the negative electrode 60 of one power generation module 2:! To 27 adjacent to the positive electrode 62 side, respectively. This is a switch that can be switched between a state to be separated and a state to be separated.
- Each of the switches S11a to S17a is composed of an nn-type bipolar transistor 63, which is turned on and off by a control device 4, as shown in FIG. 6, for example.
- Each of 7b is controlled on / off by the controller 4 as shown in FIG. 6, for example. It is composed of an npn-type bipolar transistor 64.
- the transistor 63 when the transistor 63 is on, the transistor 64 is off, and when the transistor 64 is on, the transistor 63 is off.
- the positive electrode 62 can be connected and separated to the positive bus 6 by the bipolar transistor 63, and the positive electrode 62 can be connected to and separated from the negative electrode 60 of the adjacent power generation module by the bipolar transistor 64.
- a plurality of transistors 63 as the switches Slla to S17a correspond to a plurality of first switch means
- a plurality of transistors 64 as the switches Sllb to S17b correspond to a plurality of second switch means.
- the plurality of transistors 61 as switches S1 to S7 correspond to a plurality of third switch means.
- the npn-type bipolar transistors 61, 63, and 64 are merely examples, and any of these switching elements capable of on / off control may be applied.
- Inverter circuit 3 switching element 5 :! To 54 are merely examples, and another switching element such as a MOSFET may be applied.
- control device 4 Next, the control device 4 will be described.
- the control device 4 mainly includes a computer including a CPU 65, a ROM 66, and a RAM 67, and an input / output interface 68, and includes switches S1 to S7 and switches SI la to S17a. And switches SI lb to SI 7 b are connected to the input / output interface 68, respectively.
- a voltage detector 5 for detecting an AC voltage of the single-phase AC system is provided, and a detection signal of the voltage detector 5 is input to the control device 4.
- the switches S1 to S7 and the switches S11a to S17a and the switches Sllb to S17b are provided.
- a control program for controlling switching of the switching elements 51 to 54 as described later is stored in advance.
- the control device 4 controls the switches S1 to S7, the switches S11a to S17a, and the switches Sllb to S17b on and off based on the control program of the ROM 66.
- the output voltage of the DC power of the power generator 2 is switched stepwise.
- the power generation voltage of each of the power generation modules 21 to 28 in the present embodiment is about 1.0 to: 1.2 V Therefore, in a state where switches S1 to S7 and switches S11a to S17a are connected as shown in FIG.
- the power generator 2 that receives sunlight and generates power outputs DC power of about 1.0 to 1.2V.
- the switches S1 to S7 and the switches S11a to S17a and the switches Sllb to S17b are switched, and four groups of eight power generation modules 21 to 28 are provided.
- power generation mode M2 a state where the two power generation modules of each group are connected in series
- four power generation module groups are connected in parallel to the positive and negative buses 6 and 7, Outputs DC power of about 2.0 to 2.4 V.
- the switches S1 to S7 and the switches SI1a to S17b and the switches Slla to S17b are switched, and the eight power generation modules 21 to 28 are divided into two groups of four.
- the switches S1 to S7 and the switches SI1a to S17b and the switches Slla to S17b are switched, and the eight power generation modules 21 to 28 are divided into two groups of four.
- power generation mode M4 In a state where the four power generation modules of each group are connected in series (this is called power generation mode M4), and two power generation module groups are connected in parallel to the positive and negative buses 6 and 7, Outputs about 4.0 to 4.8 V DC power.
- switches S1 to S7 and switches SI1a to SI17a and switches Sllb to S17b were switched to connect eight power generation modules 2:! To 28 in series. In this state (this is power generation mode M8), power generator 2 outputs DC power of approximately 8.0 to 9.6 V.
- each of the electric double layer capacitors 29a and 29b is connected to the power generation unit 30 connected in parallel to this (approximately 0.5 to 0.6 V). ) Is always stored with DC power of the same voltage. In particular, when the power consumption by the single-phase AC system is small, the unused DC power generated by the power generation unit 30 is securely stored in the electric double-layer capacitors 29a and 29b, and becomes fully charged. .
- the controller 4 detects the single-phase AC system detected by the voltage detector 5 as shown in FIG.
- the switching elements 51 to 54, the switches S1 to S7, the switches Slla to S17a, and the switches S11b to S17b are appropriately changed in accordance with the AC waveform 70 of the AC voltage of Switching control (ON state is indicated by diagonal lines, OFF state is blank ), And switches to power generation mode Ml at the first time t1, switches to power generation mode M2 at the next time t2, and switches to power generation mode M4 at the next time t3.
- This allows the output terminals 8 and 9 of the inverter circuit 3 to output AC power having a voltage waveform 71 that changes stepwise as shown by a solid line to a single-phase AC system.
- the controller 4 controls the single-phase AC
- the switching elements 51 to 54, the switches S1 to S7, and the switches Slla to S17a and the switches S11b to S17b are appropriately set in accordance with the AC waveform 70 of the AC voltage of the system. (The ON state is indicated by diagonal lines and the OFF state is indicated by blanks), and the power generation mode is switched to the power generation mode Ml at the first time t1, and the power generation mode is switched to the power generation mode M2 at the next time t2.
- step 3 the mode is switched to the power generation mode M4, and at the next time t4, the switching control to switch to the power generation mode M8 is performed in sequence, so that even when the amount of incident light is small, the output terminals 8 and From step 9, the voltage waveform that changes stepwise as shown by the solid line 72 AC power can be efficiency may output the single phase AC system.
- the time tl, t2, t3, t4, ... shown in the figure is preset in the computer so as to match the frequency of the single-phase AC system, distinguishing between the high incident light state and the low incident light state.
- the switches S1 to S7 and the switches Slla to S17a and the switches S11b to S17b according to the incident light state based on the detection voltage from the voltage detector 5 The output voltage can be switched stepwise.
- the switching elements 51 and 54 are turned on and the switching elements 53 and 52 are turned off, and the voltage of the single-phase AC system is switched from positive to negative.
- the switching elements 53 and 52 are turned on and the switching elements 51 and 54 are turned off.
- the other power generation modules 22 to 28 are similarly provided with the electric double-layer capacitors 29a and 29b, and thus operate at a high speed. Further, when no DC voltage is generated from any of the plurality of power generation modules 21 to 28 at night when no sunlight is irradiated, the predetermined voltage stored in the electric double layer capacitors 29 a and 29 b is reduced. Since the DC power is output to the positive and negative buses 6 and 7, the power generation time is not limited, and the power generation performance of the power generator 2 can be significantly improved.
- the capacity of the electric double layer capacitors 29a and 29b shall be set to an appropriate capacity as needed.
- the switches S1 to S7, Slla to S17a and Sllb to S17b of the switching mechanism Sm are switched in various patterns corresponding to the power generation mode. Thereby, the DC output voltage output from the power generation system 1 can be increased or decreased stepwise.
- the structure of the accompanying electric circuit can be simplified, for example, by reducing the filter capacity for absorbing noise and harmonics and preventing electromagnetic interference.
- the switching frequency of the switches S1 to S7, S11a to S17a and S11b to S17b also depends on the switching frequency of the switching elements of the PWM inverter circuit.
- switches S1 to S7, Slla to S17a and S11b to S17b make it possible to apply small-sized switching elements, reducing costs and switching losses. Can also be reduced.
- the switches S1 to S7, S11a to S17a, and S11b to S Since the voltage of DC power can be adjusted by changing the switching pattern of 17b, there is no need to provide a step-up chopper, resulting in an inexpensive system with high versatility and flexibility.
- the switches S 1 to S 7 and S 7 are configured such that the output current decreases stepwise when the output voltage is increased stepwise, and the output current increases stepwise when the output voltage is decreased stepwise. Since the switching between 11a to S17a and S11b to S17b can be performed, it is possible to control the power generator 2 to operate at the maximum power point.
- Power generation module 2 Since an electric double-layer capacitor 29a and an electric double-layer capacitor 29b are provided so as to be connected in parallel to each of! ⁇ 28, some power generation units 3 In the case where the output voltage characteristics of the power generation unit 0 vary, or some of the power generation units 30 are hidden in the building, the output voltage from the power generation unit 30 is changed to an electric double layer capacitor 29 a, When the stored voltage becomes lower than the storage voltage stored in 29 b, the DC power of the specified voltage is applied to the positive and negative buses from the electric double layer capacitors 29 a and 29 b so as to compensate for the decrease in output power.
- the output power from the power generation modules 21 to 28 can be leveled, and the DC voltage-DC current characteristics of the power generation modules 21 to 28 can be improved.
- the electric double-layer capacitors 29 a and 29 b are connected in parallel to the plurality of power generation units 30, no abnormal overvoltage acts on each power generation unit 30. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a diode for backflow prevention in connection with each power generation unit 30, and the power generation system 1 can be reduced in size and cost.
- the power generation system 1 includes a box-shaped main body case 80 made of a synthetic resin having excellent strength, a lid member 81 made of a transparent synthetic resin for covering an upper surface of the main body case 80, and a main body case 80. It comprises a housed solar cell substrate 82, an electronic component substrate 83, a plurality of electric double layer capacitors 29a, 29b, an inverter circuit 3, and the like.
- the solar cell substrate 82 is housed upward in the main body case 80 as shown in FIGS. 15 to 16, and the solar cell substrate 8.2 has a positive electrode 62, a positive bus 6,
- the negative electrode 60 and the negative bus 7 are formed by etching, respectively.
- the negative bus 7 and the negative electrodes 60 of the plurality of power generation modules 21 to 28 are provided with a plurality of switches S1 to S7, and the positive bus 6 and the plurality of switches.
- a plurality of switches S11a to l7a are provided on the positive electrode 62 of! 2 to! 28, and a plurality of switches S11b1 to l7a are provided on the positive electrode 62 and the negative electrode 60.
- b is provided.
- a plurality of power generation units 30 are arranged in a matrix as shown in FIG. 1 and wired as shown.
- the electronic component substrate 83 accommodated downward in the main body case 80 is connected to the voltage detector 5 and the CPU 65 by connection lines 84 formed by etching. , ROM and RAM 66, 67, the switching elements 5 :! to 54 of the inverter circuit 3, and the reflux diodes 55 to 58 are connected as shown.
- the AC output terminals 8 and 9 are provided at opposing corners, respectively, and some of the AC output terminals 8 and 9 are exposed to the outside through the main body case 80.
- Reference numeral 83a denotes a connection portion connected to the positive bus 6 of the solar cell substrate 82, and reference numeral 83b denotes a solar cell. This is a connection portion connected to the negative bus 7 of the substrate 82.
- the control line of the control device 4 is indicated by a dotted line.
- a plurality of electric double layer capacitors 29 a and 29 b are arranged in a sandwich between the upper solar cell substrate 82 and the lower electronic component substrate 83, and each electric double layer capacitor 29 a, 29 b is electrically connected to the power generation modules 21 to 28 as shown in FIG.
- hemispherical lens portions 81a formed in a hemispherical shape are formed so as to correspond to each of the plurality of power generation units 30 provided on the solar cell substrate 82. ing.
- the power generation system 1 packaged in this way When the power generation system 1 packaged in this way is installed in a place where sunlight can enter, the sunlight is efficiently radiated to the power generation unit 30 via the hemispherical lens portion 81a, so that the AC output Sufficient AC is output from terminals 8 and 9.
- the plurality of packaged power generation systems 1 may be arranged in a matrix, and the AC output terminals 8 and 9 may be connected as appropriate.
- the power generation device 1 having eight power generation modules 21 to 28 has been described as an example for easy understanding of the present invention.
- a power generation system that is connected to a commercial single-phase AC system at home, it must be configured to link to an AC system with an effective value of 100 V and a peak value of approximately 140 V .
- the power generation system 1A shown in Fig. 18 has a panel structure assembled into one panel, and can be called a power generation panel.
- the power generation system 1A includes, for example, a power generation device 2 including 48 power generation modules 21A to 25A arranged in the same power generation direction and a plurality of electric double layer capacitors 29.
- a power generation device 2 including 48 power generation modules 21A to 25A arranged in the same power generation direction and a plurality of electric double layer capacitors 29.
- A an inverter circuit 3 A similar to the inverter circuit 3 described above, a positive bus 6 A and a negative bus 7 A on the input side of the inverter circuit 3 A, and a switching mechanism S ma (this is a switch S 7 1 to S74 and switches S81 to S84), output terminals 8A and 9A, and a control device (not shown).
- the switching mechanism Sma is for obtaining the same function as the switching mechanism of the power generation system 1 shown in FIG. 1 of the embodiment, and the switches S71 to S74 are provided with the power generation modules 21A to 24.
- the switches S81 to S84 are composed of the positive electrode 62A of the power generation module 22A to 25A and the negative electrode 60A of the power generation module 21A to 24A adjacent to the positive electrode side and the positive bus 6A. This is alternatively connected to the above, and is similar to the above-mentioned switches S11 to S17.
- the power generation module 21 A has power generation units 3 OA arranged in a matrix of, for example, 10 rows and 100 columns, and the power generation units 3 OA are arranged in parallel as shown in the figure. They are connected in series. In this case, one electric double layer capacitor 29 is connected in parallel for each parallel power generation unit 30 A connected in parallel with one in series and 100 in parallel. Therefore, if some of the power generation unit 3OA is turned off due to variations in output voltage characteristics or shade, DC power stored from the electric double layer capacitor 29 connected in parallel is output. As a result, the power generation performance of the power generation module 21 A can be greatly improved, and the practicability and durability are excellent.
- matrix of 100 rows and 100 columns is merely an example, and the number of rows is not limited to 100 rows, and may be 100 rows or 100 rows.
- number of columns is not limited to 100 columns, but may be 10 columns, 100 columns, and 100 columns.
- the power generation unit 3 OA itself is the same as the power generation unit 30 described above, and since the output voltage of each power generation unit 3 OA is 0.5 to 0.6 V, the power generation module 21
- the maximum output voltage (output in fine weather) of each of A to 25 A is, for example, 5.0 to 6.0 V.
- Switch S 6 5 is a circuit shown connected 'separable, similar to the switch S 1 to S 7, for example constituted by np n type bipolar transistor.
- the switch S66 can be switched between a state of being selectively connected to any one of the contacts and a state of not being connected to any of the contacts, and the switches Slla to S17a and Like the switches S11b to S17b, for example, the switch is constituted by two npn-type bipolar transistors. With this switch mechanism, it is possible to switch between a state in which the two power generating apparatuses 1A are connected in series and a state in which the two power generating apparatuses 1A are connected in parallel.
- the output terminals 8 B and 9 B of the power generation equipment S composed of these two power generation devices 1 A are connected to the AC system, and this power generation system is configured so that the output power is linked to the frequency and voltage of the AC system. Controlled by the controller.
- the output voltage of this power generation device can be reduced to 5 to 6V, 10 ⁇ : 12V, 15 ⁇ 18V, 30 ⁇ 36V, 40 ⁇ 48V, 60 ⁇ 92V, 80 ⁇ 96V, 120 ⁇ 144V, 200 ⁇ 240V, 240 ⁇ 288V, 360 ⁇ 432V, 480 ⁇ 576V It is also possible to switch as follows. However, the output voltages described above and the output voltages in FIGS. 20 and 22 show examples in the case where all the power generation units generate the maximum output.
- a plurality of semiconductor modules 21A to 25A, a plurality of electric double-layer capacitors 29, an inverter circuit 3A, and a plurality of switches S71 to S74 and S81 to S84 are integrated into one. Since it is built into a single panel, and if necessary, it is possible to build a structure in which an inverter circuit and multiple switches are built into a single semiconductor chip, simplifying the structure as a whole and reducing manufacturing costs. Can be reduced.
- a plurality of power generation systems can be combined in various forms to generate AC power with a desired frequency, a desired output voltage, or a desired output current, it is excellent in versatility and flexibility. .
- Figs. 21 and 22 have been made with reference to an example of a power generation system equipped with two power generation panels (power generation systems), in practice, multiple power generation panels are provided and connected in parallel. While switching between the state and the state of being connected in series, it is also possible to configure so as to output power adapted to the voltage or current of the commercial single-phase AC system supplied to the home or the like.
- the inverter circuits 3 and 3 A convert the DC power generated by the power generators 2 and 2 A described in the example of generating single-phase AC to three-phase AC by an inverter circuit. In this case, DC power generated by the power generator is converted into AC power corresponding to each phase of three-phase AC.
- the entire power generation system 1 may be formed in a single plate or panel.
- a plurality of sets of the power generation system shown in FIG. 18 are provided to form a single plate or panel.
- each of the plurality of power generation modules 21 to 28 and 21A to 25A individually, but may be manufactured as a whole.
- a plurality of power generation modules in FIG. 18 may be apparently configured as one power generation module, and an electrical circuit may include a plurality of power generation modules as illustrated in FIG.
- the on-off switch is connected to the electric double layer capacitors 29 a and 29 b at the parallel connection position of the electric double layer capacitors 29 a and 29 b.
- the storage means is not limited to the electric double layer capacitors 29a and 29b, but may be various types of storage means capable of storing the generated power, such as electrolytic capacitors, secondary batteries, and batteries with large storage capacity. You may.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (16)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE60323273T DE60323273D1 (de) | 2003-06-09 | 2003-06-09 | Generatorsystem |
CA002523574A CA2523574C (en) | 2003-06-09 | 2003-06-09 | Power generation system |
EP03733322A EP1633030B1 (en) | 2003-06-09 | 2003-06-09 | Generator system |
ES03733322T ES2307944T3 (es) | 2003-06-09 | 2003-06-09 | Sistema generador. |
ES07023798T ES2320045T3 (es) | 2003-06-09 | 2003-06-09 | Sistema generador. |
PCT/JP2003/007298 WO2004109890A1 (ja) | 2003-06-09 | 2003-06-09 | 発電システム |
AU2003242109A AU2003242109A1 (en) | 2003-06-09 | 2003-06-09 | Generator system |
JP2005500574A JPWO2004109890A1 (ja) | 2003-06-09 | 2003-06-09 | 発電システム |
DE60326666T DE60326666D1 (de) | 2003-06-09 | 2003-06-09 | Generatorsystem |
AT07023798T ATE425574T1 (de) | 2003-06-09 | 2003-06-09 | Generatorsystem |
AT03733322T ATE406607T1 (de) | 2003-06-09 | 2003-06-09 | Generatorsystem |
CNA038264935A CN1771641A (zh) | 2003-06-09 | 2003-06-09 | 发电系统 |
US10/554,037 US7378757B2 (en) | 2003-06-09 | 2003-06-09 | Power generation system |
EP20070023798 EP1901419B1 (en) | 2003-06-09 | 2003-06-09 | Generator system |
TW092120064A TWI230492B (en) | 2003-06-09 | 2003-07-23 | Power generation system |
HK08106364.7A HK1113236A1 (en) | 2003-06-09 | 2008-06-10 | Generator system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/JP2003/007298 WO2004109890A1 (ja) | 2003-06-09 | 2003-06-09 | 発電システム |
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US (1) | US7378757B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1901419B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2004109890A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1771641A (ja) |
AT (2) | ATE425574T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003242109A1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2523574C (ja) |
DE (2) | DE60323273D1 (ja) |
ES (2) | ES2320045T3 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1113236A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI230492B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004109890A1 (ja) |
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- 2003-06-09 CN CNA038264935A patent/CN1771641A/zh active Pending
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- 2003-06-09 AU AU2003242109A patent/AU2003242109A1/en not_active Abandoned
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KR101459148B1 (ko) | 2008-06-10 | 2014-11-07 | 정균 | 태양광 발전소의 솔라셀모듈 관리 시스템 |
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JP2014500695A (ja) * | 2010-09-20 | 2014-01-09 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | 制御可能なエネルギー蓄積器にある少なくとも2つのエネルギー蓄積器セル間でエネルギーを伝達するための方法 |
JP2014087214A (ja) * | 2012-10-25 | 2014-05-12 | Nippon Soken Inc | 電力変換装置 |
JP2016506219A (ja) * | 2012-11-12 | 2016-02-25 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフトSiemens Aktiengesellschaft | 電気的輸送手段及び電気的輸送手段の作動方法、並びに、蓄電池 |
Also Published As
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US7378757B2 (en) | 2008-05-27 |
ATE406607T1 (de) | 2008-09-15 |
EP1633030A4 (en) | 2006-07-19 |
EP1633030A1 (en) | 2006-03-08 |
ES2307944T3 (es) | 2008-12-01 |
HK1113236A1 (en) | 2008-09-26 |
CA2523574A1 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
DE60326666D1 (de) | 2009-04-23 |
AU2003242109A1 (en) | 2005-01-04 |
CN1771641A (zh) | 2006-05-10 |
JPWO2004109890A1 (ja) | 2006-07-20 |
TW200505127A (en) | 2005-02-01 |
EP1901419A3 (en) | 2008-03-26 |
CA2523574C (en) | 2007-07-03 |
EP1901419A2 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
DE60323273D1 (de) | 2008-10-09 |
ATE425574T1 (de) | 2009-03-15 |
EP1901419B1 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
TWI230492B (en) | 2005-04-01 |
US20070034246A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
ES2320045T3 (es) | 2009-05-18 |
EP1633030B1 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
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