TW201441251A - 艾塞那肽-4衍生物類 - Google Patents
艾塞那肽-4衍生物類 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201441251A TW201441251A TW102147359A TW102147359A TW201441251A TW 201441251 A TW201441251 A TW 201441251A TW 102147359 A TW102147359 A TW 102147359A TW 102147359 A TW102147359 A TW 102147359A TW 201441251 A TW201441251 A TW 201441251A
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Abstract
本發明是有關於艾塞那肽-4衍生物類及其醫學用途,例如治療代謝症候群的病症,包括糖尿病與肥胖症,以及減少食物攝取過量。
Description
本發明是有關於活化類升糖素肽1(GLP-1)以及葡萄糖依賴性促胰島素多肽(GIP)受體還有視情況升糖素受體(GCG)的艾塞那肽-4肽類似物,及其醫學用途,例如治療代謝症候群的病症,包括糖尿病與肥胖症,以及減少食物攝取過量。
艾塞那肽-4是一個具有39個胺基酸的肽,其由毒蜥(吉拉毒蜥)的唾腺所製造(Eng J.et al.,J.Biol.Chem.,267:7402-05,1992)。艾塞那肽-4是類升糖素肽-1(GLP-1)受體的活化因子,而其顯示對GIP受體僅有非常低的活化且不活化升糖素受體(見表1)。
艾塞那肽-4被發現與GLP-1共有許多葡萄糖調節作用。臨床研究以及非臨床研究已顯示,艾塞那肽-4具有數種有益的抗糖尿病特性,包括在胰島素合成與分泌時的葡萄糖依賴性增強、升糖素分泌的葡萄糖依賴性抑制、減緩胃排空、減少食物攝取與體重,以及增加貝他細胞質量與貝他細胞功能的標記(Gentilella R et al.,Diabetes Obes Metab.,11:544-56,2009;Norris SL et al.,Diabet Med.,26:837-46,2009;Bunck MC et al.,Diabetes Care.,34:2041-7,2011)。
這些作用不僅對糖尿病有利,對罹患肥胖症的患者也有利。帶有肥胖症的患者有較高的風險得到糖尿病、高血壓、高血脂症、心血管疾病與肌肉骨骼疾病。
相對於GLP-1和GIP,艾塞那肽-4對於二肽肽酶-4(DPP4)的切割更為具有抗性,使其在活體內有較長的半衰期與作用持續時間(Eng J.,Diabetes,45(Suppl2):152A(abstract 554),1996;Deacon CF,Horm Metab Res,36:761-5,2004)。
相較於GLP-1、升糖素或調酸素(oxyntomodulin),艾塞那肽-4也顯示對於中性胜肽內切酶(NEP)的分解更為穩定(Druce MR et al.,Endocrinology,150(4),1712-1721,2009)。
但是,因為在位置14中的甲硫胺酸氧化(Hargrove DM et al.,Regul.Pept.,141:113-9,2007)以及在位置28中的天冬醯胺酸的去醯胺化與異構化(WO 2004/035623),艾塞那肽-4在化學上是不穩定的。
艾塞那肽-4的胺基酸序列顯示為SEQ ID NO:1:HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPS-NH2
GLP-1(7-36)-醯胺的胺基酸序列顯示為SEQ ID NO:2:HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGR-NH2
利拉魯肽(liraglutide)是一種市售經化學修飾的GLP-1類似物,其中在其他修飾中,脂肪酸被連結至位置20中的離胺酸,造成作用持續時間延長(Drucker DJ et al,Nature Drug Disc.Rev.9,267-268,2010;Buse,JB et al.,Lancet,374:39-47,2009)。
利拉魯肽的胺基酸序列顯示為SEQ ID NO:3:HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAK((S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-)EFIAWLVRGRG-OH
GIP(葡萄糖依賴性促胰島素多肽)是一個具有42個胺基酸的肽,其在食物攝取之後從腸K細胞被釋出。GIP以及GLP-1是腸促胰島素(incretin)作用的兩種腸道腸內分泌細胞衍生的激素,其佔超過70%對口服葡萄糖負荷試驗的胰島素反應(Baggio LL,Drucker DJ.Biology of incretins:GLP-1 and GIP.Gastroenterology 2007;132:2131-2157)。
GIP的胺基酸序列顯示為SEQ ID NO:4:YAEGTFISDYSIAMDKIHQQDFVNWLLAQKGKKNDWKHNITQ-OH
升糖素是一個具有29個胺基酸的肽,當循環葡萄糖低時,其被釋放至血流中。升糖素的胺基酸序列顯示為SEQ ID NO:5:HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT-OH
在低血糖症期間,若血糖濃度下降至低於正常值,則升糖素發信號給肝臟以分解肝醣並釋放葡萄糖,使得血糖濃度增加
達到正常濃度。低血糖症在因為糖尿病而帶有高血糖症(血糖濃度升高)且以胰島素治療的患者中是一種常見的副作用。因此,升糖素在葡萄糖調控中最為主要的角色在於抵銷胰島素作用並維持血糖濃度。
Holst(Holst,J.J.Physiol.Rev.2007,87,1409)與Meier(Meier,J.J.Nat.Rev.Endocrinol.2012,8,728)描述GLP-1受體促效劑(諸如GLP-1、利拉魯肽與艾塞那肽-4)在帶有T2DM的患者中藉由降低禁食與餐後葡萄糖(FPG與PPG)來增進血糖控制。結合並活化GLP-1受體的肽描述於專利申請案WO 98/08871 A1、WO2008/081418 A1以及WO2008/023050 A1中,其內容併入本文做為參考資料。
已描述GLP-1與GIP受體的雙重活化作用,例如藉由將GLP-1與GIP的作用合併在一個製劑中,在帶有T2DM和肥胖症的小鼠中產生相較於市售GLP-1促效劑利拉魯肽明顯更適當地降低血糖濃度、增加胰島素分泌並降低體重的治療方式(例如VA Gault et al.,Clin Sci(Lond),121,107-117,2011)。天然GLP-1與GIP在人類體內被證實,於共灌注之後以加成的方式交互作用,同時相較於單獨GLP-1明顯增加促胰島素效用(MA Nauck et al.,J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.,76,912-917,1993)。
設計合併GLP-1受體、GIP受體及升糖素受體的促效作用的混合分子提供治療效用,達到比市售GLP-1促效劑利拉魯肽(例如VA Gault et al.,Clin Sci(Lond),121,107-117,2011)更能明顯降低血糖濃度、增加胰島素分泌並且對於體重減低有更為深遠的影響。
本發明化合物為艾塞那肽-4衍生物,其對GLP-1與GIP受體以及視情況升糖素受體顯示促效活性,且其較佳-尤其-具有下列修飾:在位置1處的Tyr以及在位置12處的Ile。
出乎意料地發現,選擇性修飾GLP-1R促效劑艾塞那肽-4因為位置1的Tyr以及位置12的Ile而產生對GLP-1與GIP受體有雙重高活性的肽。這個發現出人意表,因為在其他GLP-1促效劑(諸如GLP-1本身)中的相同修飾不會對GIP受體產生高活性,如表2中所示。
結合並活化GIP與GLP-1受體以及視情況升糖素受體,且增進血糖控制、抑制增重增加且減少食物攝取的肽描述於專利申請案WO 2011/119657 A1、WO 2012/138941 A1、WO 2010/011439 A2、WO 2010/148089 A1、WO 2011/094337 A1、WO 2012/088116 A2中,其內容併入本文做為參考資料。這些申請案揭示GLP-1受體、GIP受體以及視情況升糖素受體的混合型促效劑可經設計作為天然GIP或升糖素序列的類似物。
本發明化合物為艾塞那肽-4肽類似物,其包含在位置10的白胺酸以及在位置13處的麩醯胺酸。Krstenansky等人(Biochemistry,25,3833-3839,1986)證明,升糖素的殘基10至13對於
其受體交互作用以及活化腺苷酸環化酶的重要性。在本發明的艾塞那肽-4肽類似物中,數個基本殘基與升糖素的殘基不同。具體而言,殘基Tyr10與Tyr13被位置10的白胺酸與在位置13的麩醯胺酸(非芳族極性胺基酸)所取代。在尤其是與位置23的異白胺酸與在位置24的麩胺酸組合的情況下,此取代產生帶有有效改善生物物理特性(如溶解度或溶液中的聚集行為)的艾塞那肽-4衍生物。在艾塞那肽-4類似物的位置13中,以極性胺基酸非守恆性取代芳族胺基酸的出乎意外地產生帶有對GIP受體以及視情況對升糖素受體活性更高的肽。
此外,本發明化合物為艾塞那肽-4衍生物,其對GLP-1受體以及GIP受體顯示高活性,其中相較於艾塞那肽-4有僅4至6個胺基酸被取代。在位置1、2、12與14中的胺基酸取代組合脂肪酸的置換產生艾塞那肽-4衍生物,其為有效GLP-1受體、GIP受體以及視情況升糖素受體促效劑,並顯示有效增進之酶穩定性,例如相對胰蛋白酶、血纖維蛋白溶解酶或α-胰凝乳蛋白酶,使得活體內特性如半衰期與廓清得以增進,如實例6與7以及表8與9中所示。
本文提供艾塞那肽-4類似物,其有效活化GLP-1以及GIP受體以及視情況升糖素受體。在這些艾塞那肽-4類似物-尤其是其他置換-中,在位置14處的甲硫胺酸被取代成在側鏈帶有NH2基的胺基酸,其進一步經親脂性側鏈(例如視情況組合連接子的胺基酸)置換。
本發明提供一種具有式(I)的肽化合物:R1-Z-R2 (I)其中Z為具有式(II)的肽部分
Tyr-Aib-X3-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Leu-Ser-X12-Gln-X14-X15-X16-X17-X18-X19-X20-X21-Phe-Ile-Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-X28-X29-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-X40 (II)X3代表選自Gln、Glu與His的胺基酸殘基,X12代表選自Ile與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X14代表具有帶有-NH2基之側鏈的胺基酸殘基,其中-NH2側鏈基經-C(O)-R5、-C(O)O-R5、-C(O)NH-R5、-S(O)2-R5或R5,較佳為-C(O)-R5官能化,其中R5可以是含有至多50或至多100個碳原子以及視情況選自鹵素、N、O、S及/或P之雜原子的部分,X15代表選自Asp與Glu的胺基酸殘基,X16代表選自Ser、Lys、Glu與Gln的胺基酸殘基,X17代表選自Arg、Lys、Ile、Glu、Gln、Leu、Aib、Tyr與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X18代表選自Ala、Arg、Lys、Aib、Leu與Tyr的胺基酸殘基,X19代表選自Ala、Val、Gln與Aib的胺基酸殘基,X20代表選自Gln、Aib、Phe、Leu、Lys、His、Arg、Pip、(S)MeLys、(R)MeLys、(S)MeOrn與(R)MeOrn的胺基酸殘基,X21代表選自Asp、Glu、Leu與Tyr的胺基酸殘基,X28代表選自Asn、Ala、Arg、Lys、Aib與Ser的胺基酸殘基,X29代表選自Gly、Thr、Aib、D-Ala與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X40不存在或代表具有帶有-NH2基之側鏈的胺基酸殘基,其中-NH2側鏈基視情況經-C(O)-R5、-C(O)O-R5、-C(O)NH-R5、-S(O)2-R5或R5,較佳為-C(O)-R5官能化,其中R5可以是含有至多50或至多100個碳原子以及視情況選自鹵素、N、O、S及/或P之雜原子的部分,
R1代表NH2,R2代表OH或NH2,或其鹽或溶劑合物。
本發明化合物為GLP-1及GIP受體促效劑以及視情況為升糖素受體促效劑,如透過它們能夠刺激細胞內cAMP形成的觀察結果所確定。在促效劑的細胞分析中,活體外效力測定是藉由如方法中所述測定活化50%最大反應的濃度來量化。
因此,在某些具體例中,本發明提供具有式(I)的肽化合物:R1-Z-R2 (I)其中Z為具有式(II)的肽部分Tyr-Aib-X3-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Leu-Ser-X12-Gln-X14-X15-X16-X17-X18-X19-X20-X21-Phe-Ile-Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-X28-X29-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-X40 (II)X3代表選自Gln、Glu與His的胺基酸殘基,X12代表選自Ile與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X14代表具有帶有-NH2基之側鏈的胺基酸殘基,其中-NH2側鏈基經-C(O)-R5、-C(O)O-R5、-C(O)NH-R5、-S(O)2-R5或R5,較佳為-C(O)-R5官能化,其中R5是含有至多50或至多100個碳原子以及視情況選自鹵素、N、O、S及/或P之雜原子的部分,X15代表選自Asp與Glu的胺基酸殘基,X16代表選自Ser、Lys、Glu與Gln的胺基酸殘基,X17代表選自Arg、Lys、Ile、Glu、Gln、Leu、Aib、Tyr與Ala的胺基酸殘基,
X18代表選自Ala、Arg、Lys、Aib、Leu與Tyr的胺基酸殘基,X19代表選自Ala、Val、Gln與Aib的胺基酸殘基,X20代表選自Gln、Aib、Phe、Leu、Lys、His、Arg、Pip、(S)MeLys、(R)MeLys、(S)MeOrn與(R)MeOrn的胺基酸殘基,X21代表選自Asp、Glu、Leu與Tyr的胺基酸殘基,X28代表選自Asn、Ala、Arg、Lys、Aib與Ser的胺基酸殘基,X29代表選自Gly、Thr、Aib、D-Ala與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X40不存在或代表具有帶有-NH2基之側鏈的胺基酸殘基,其中-NH2側鏈基視情況經-C(O)-R5、-C(O)O-R5、-C(O)NH-R5、-S(O)2-R5或R5,較佳為-C(O)-R5官能化,其中R5可以是含有至多50或至多100個碳原子以及視情況選自鹵素、N、O、S及/或P之雜原子的部分,R1代表NH2,R2代表OH或NH2,或其鹽或溶劑合物,其中該肽化合物相較於天然GIP對於GIP受體具有至少0.04%、較佳至少0.08%,更佳至少0.2%的相對活性。
另外,該肽化合物,尤其是在位置14處帶有離胺酸且進一步經親脂性殘基置換者,相較於GLP-1(7-36)對於GLP-1受體展現至少0.07%、較佳至少0.1%、更佳至少0.14%、更佳至少0.35%以及又更佳至少0.4%的相對活性。
另外,該肽化合物,尤其是在位置14處帶有離胺酸且進一步經親脂性殘基置換者,相較於天然GIP(7-36)對於GIP受體(EC50=0.4pM)展現至少0.04%(亦即EC50<1000pM)、更佳0.08%(亦即EC50<500pM)且又更佳0.2%(亦即EC50<200pM)的相對活性。
視情況,在一些具體例中,該肽化合物,尤其是在位
置14處帶有離胺酸且進一步經親脂性殘基置換者,相較於天然升糖素對於升糖素受體展現至少0.1%,較佳至少0.2%、更佳至少0.3%、更佳至少0.4%以及又更佳至少0.5%的相對活性。
術語”活性”如本文所用較佳意指一個化合物活化人類GLP-1受體、人類GIP受體以及視情況人類升糖素受體的能力。更佳地,術語”活性”如本文所用意指一個化合物刺激細胞內cAMP形成的能力。術語”相對活性”如本文所用應理解為意指一個化合物相較於另一種受體促效劑或相較於另一種受體以某個比率活化受體的能力。受體受到促效劑而活化(例如藉由測量cAMP濃度)是如本文所述來進行測定,例如在實例中所述。
依據一個具體例,本發明化合物對hGLP-1受體具有500pM或更低,較佳200pM或更低;更佳150pM或更低、更佳100pM或更低、更佳90pM或更低、更佳80pM或更低、更佳70pM或更低、更佳60pM或更低、更佳50pM或更低、更佳40pM或更低、更佳30pM或更低,以及更佳20pM或更低的EC50。
依據一個具體例,本發明化合物對hGIP受體具有500pM或更低,較佳200pM或更低;更佳150pM或更低、更佳100pM或更低、更佳90pM或更低、更佳80pM或更低、更佳70pM或更低、更佳60pM或更低、更佳50pM或更低、更佳40pM或更低、更佳30pM或更低,以及更佳20pM或更低的EC50。
依據另一個具體例,本發明化合物視情況對h升糖素受體具有500pM或更低,較佳200pM或更低;更佳150pM或更低、更佳100pM或更低、更佳90pM或更低、更佳80pM或更低、更佳70pM或更低、更佳60pM或更低、更佳50pM或更低、更佳40pM或更
低、更佳30pM或更低,以及更佳20pM或更低的EC50。
依據另一個具體例,本發明化合物對hGLP-1受體具有500pM或更低,較佳200pM或更低;更佳150pM或更低、更佳100pM或更低、更佳90pM或更低、更佳80pM或更低、更佳70pM或更低、更佳60pM或更低、更佳50pM或更低、更佳40pM或更低、更佳30pM或更低,以及更佳20pM或更低的EC50,及/或對hGIP受體具有500pM或更低,較佳200pM或更低;更佳150pM或更低、更佳100pM或更低、更佳90pM或更低、更佳80pM或更低、更佳70pM或更低、更佳60pM或更低、更佳50pM或更低、更佳40pM或更低、更佳30pM或更低,以及更佳20pM或更低的EC50,及/或視情況對h升糖素受體具有500pM或更低,較佳200pM或更低;更佳150pM或更低、更佳100pM或更低、更佳90pM或更低、更佳80pM或更低、更佳70pM或更低、更佳60pM或更低、更佳50pM或更低、更佳40pM或更低、更佳30pM或更低,以及更佳20pM或更低的EC50。
在又另一個具體例中,對於兩種抗體(亦即對於hGLP-1受體以及對於hGIP受體)的EC50為500pM或更低,較佳200pM或更低;更佳150pM或更低、更佳100pM或更低、更佳90pM或更低、更佳80pM或更低、更佳70pM或更低、更佳60pM或更低、更佳50pM或更低、更佳40pM或更低、更佳30pM或更低,以及更佳20pM或更低。
在又另一個具體例中,對於所有三種抗體(亦即對於hGLP-1受體、對於hGIP受體以及對於h升糖素受體)的EC50為500pM或更低,較佳200pM或更低;更佳150pM或更低、更佳100pM或更低、更佳90pM或更低、更佳80pM或更低、更佳70pM或更低、更
佳60pM或更低、更佳50pM或更低、更佳40pM或更低、更佳30pM或更低,以及更佳20pM或更低。
對於hGLP-1受體、hGIP受體以及h升糖素受體的EC50可如本文方法中所述測定並用以產生如實例5中所述的結果。
本發明化合物具有降低腸通過、增加胃內容物及/或減少患者的食物攝取。本發明化合物的這些活性可以在習於技藝者熟知還有在本文方法中所述的動物模型中進行評估。此等實驗結果描述於實例11以及12中。當以單一劑量投與時,本發明的較佳化合物可增加小鼠(較佳為雌性NMRI-小鼠)的胃內容物,該單一劑量較佳為皮下劑量0.02mg/kg體重的至少25%、更佳至少30%、更佳至少40%、更佳至少50%、更佳至少60%、更佳至少70%、更佳至少80%。
較佳地,這個結果是在個別化合投與之後1小時以及在食團投與之後30分鐘來進行測量,及/或當以單一劑量投與時,降低小鼠(較佳為雌性NMRI-小鼠)的腸通過,該單一劑量較佳為皮下劑量0.02mg/kg體重的至少45%;更佳至少50%、更佳至少55%、更佳至少60%,及更佳至少65%;及/或當以單一劑量投與時,在22h時段內減少小鼠(較佳為雌性NMRI-小鼠)的食物攝取,該單一劑量較佳為皮下劑量0.01mg/kg體重的至少10%、更佳15%,及更佳20%。
本發明化合物具有降低患者血糖濃度,及/或降低患者HbA1c濃度的能力。本發明化合物的這些活性可在習於技藝者熟知還有如本文方法中所述的動物模型中進行評估。實驗結果描述於實例9與10中。
當以單一劑量投與時,本發明的較佳化合物可在24h時段內降低小鼠(較佳在雌性瘦素-受體缺乏糖尿病db/db小鼠中)的
血糖濃度,該單一劑量較佳為皮下劑量0.01mg/kg體重的至少4mmol/L;更佳至少6mmol/L、更佳至少8mmol/L。當以單一劑量投與時(較佳為皮下劑量),若劑量增加至0.1mg/kg體重,可以在小鼠中觀察到於24h時段內血糖濃度降低更為明顯。本發明化合物較佳降低達至少7mmol/L;更佳達至少9mmol/L、更佳達至少11mmol/L。當以日劑量0.01mg/kg投與時,本發明化合物較佳在4週時段內降低小鼠HbA1c增加的濃度至約點火值(ignition value)。
本發明化合物亦具有降低患者體重的能力。本發明化合物的這些活性可以在習於技藝者熟知還有在本文方法與實例8中所述的動物模型中進行評估。
出乎意料地發現,式(I)的肽化合物,尤其是那些在位置14處帶有離胺酸(或相近類似物)且進一步經親脂性殘基置換者,顯示非常強效的GLP-1與GIP受體活化作用;此外組合像是在位置3之Gln的胺基酸也可以提供非常強效的升糖素受體活化作用。
在文獻(Murage EN et al.,Bioorg.Med.Chem.16(2008),10106-10112)中描述,在位置14處帶有乙醯化離胺酸的GLP-1類似物相較於天然GLP-1顯示會明顯降低效力。
此外,出現在艾塞那肽-4核心結構中的甲硫胺酸氧化(活體外或活體內)對於式(I)肽化合物來說是不可行的。
此外,本發明化合物較佳在酸性及/或生理pH值下具有高溶解度,例如在25℃、pH 4.5及/或在pH 7.4下,在另一個具體例中,溶解度為至少0.5mg/ml以及在一個特定具體例中溶解度為至少1.0mg/ml。
此外,依據一個具體例,本發明化合物當儲存於溶液
中時較佳具有高穩定性。用於測定穩定性的較佳分析條件為在25℃下於pH 4.5或pH 7.4的溶液中儲存歷時7天。藉由如方法與實例中所述的層析分析測定肽餘量。較佳地,在25℃下於pH 4.5或pH 7.4的溶液中7天之後,肽餘量為至少80%,更佳至少85%、又更佳至少90%以及又再更佳至少95%。
較佳地,本發明化合物包含肽部分Z(式II),其為39至40個胺基羧酸的線性序列,具體而言是藉由肽(亦即甲醯胺)鍵連結之α-胺基羧酸。
在一個具體例中,位置X14代表帶有經官能化-NH2側鏈基的胺基酸殘基,諸如官能化Lys、Orn、Dab,或Dap,更佳為官能化Lys且X40不存在或代表Lys。
帶有-NH2側鏈基的胺基酸殘基,諸如Lys、Orn、Dab,或Dap被官能化,因為-NH2側鏈基的至少一個H原子被-C(O)-R5、-C(O)O-R5、-C(O)NH-R5、-S(O)2-R5或R5,較佳-C(O)-R5取代,其中R5是含有至多50或至多100個碳原子以及視情況選自鹵素、N、O、S及/或P之雜原子的部分。
在某些具體例中,R5可包含親脂性部分,例如非環狀線性或分支飽和烴基,其中R5尤其包含非環狀線性或分支(C4-C30)飽和或不飽和烴基,及/或環狀飽和、不飽和或芳族基團,尤其是包含4至14個碳原子以及0、1,或2個選自N、O與S的雜原子的單環、雙環或三環基團,例如環己基、苯基、聯苯、苯并二氫哌喃基、菲基或萘基,其中非環狀或環狀基團可未經取代或例如經鹵素、-OH及/或CO2H置換
更佳基團R5可包含親脂性部分,例如非環狀線性或分
支(C12-C22)飽和或不飽和烴基。親脂性部分可以藉由呈所有立體異構形式的連接子附接至-NH2側鏈基,例如該連接子包含一或多個(例如2、3或4個)胺基酸連接子基團,諸如γ-胺基丁酸(GABA)、ε-胺基己酸(ε-Ahx)、γ-Glu及/或β-Ala。在一個具體例中,親脂性部分藉由連接子附接至-NH2側鏈基。在另一個具體例中,親脂性部分直接附接至-NH2側鏈基。胺基酸連接子基團的特定實例為(β-Ala)1-4、(γ-Glu)1-4、(ε-Ahx)1-4,或(GABA)1-4。較佳的胺基酸連接子基團為ß-Ala、γ-Glu、ß-Ala-ß-Ala以及γ-Glu-γ-Glu。
-C(O)-R5基團的特定較佳實例列於下表3中,其是選自於下列組成之群:(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-、4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-、4-{3-[(R)-2,5,7,8-四甲基-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-三甲基-十三基)-苯并二氫哌喃-6-基氧基羰基]-丙醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-、4-((Z)-十八烷-9-烯醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、6-[(4,4-聯苯-環己基氧基)-羥基-磷醯基氧基]-己醯基-、十六醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-(15-羧基-十五醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-{3-[3-((2S,3R,4S,5R)-5-羧基-2,3,4,5-四羥基-戊醯基胺基)-丙醯基胺基]-丙醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-{3-[(R)-2,5,7,8-四甲基-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-三甲基-十三基)-苯并二氫哌喃-6-基氧基羰基]-丙醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((9Z,12Z)-十八烷-9,12-二烯醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-[6-((2S,3R,4S,5R)-5-羧基-2,3,4,5-四羥基-戊醯基胺基)-己醯基胺基]-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((2S,3R,4S,5R)-5-羧基-2,3,4,5-四羥基-戊醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-十四醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-(11-苄氧基羰基-十一醯基胺基)-4-羧基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基
-4-[11-((2S,3R,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-五羥基-己基胺甲醯基)-十一醯基胺基]-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((Z)-十八烷-9-烯醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-(4-十二烷-氧基-苯甲醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-二十一醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-二十二醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((Z)-十九烷-10-烯醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-(4-癸基氧基-苯甲醯胺基)-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-[(4'-辛基氧基-聯苯-4-羰基)-胺基]-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-(12-苯基-十二醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-二十醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、3-(3-十八醯基胺基-丙醯基胺基)-丙醯基-、3-(3-十六醯基胺基-丙醯基胺基)-丙醯基-、3-十六醯基胺基-丙醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-[(R)-4-((3R,5S,7R,8R,9R,10S,12S,13R,14R,17R)-3,7,12-三羥基-8,10,13-三甲基-十六氫環戊并[a]菲-17-基)-戊醯基胺基]-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-[(R)-4-((3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-羥基-10,13-二甲基-十六氫-環戊并[a]菲-17-基)-戊醯基胺基]-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((9S,10R)-9,10,16-三羥基-十六醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、十四醯基-、11-羧基-十一醯基-、11-苄氧基羰基-十一醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((S)-4-羧基-4-十四醯基胺基-丁醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、6-[羥基-(萘-2-基氧基)-磷醯基氧基]-己醯基-、6-[羥基-(5-苯基-戊基氧基)-磷醯基氧基]-己醯基-、4-(萘-2-磺醯基胺基)-4-側氧基-丁醯基-、4-(聯苯-4-磺醯基胺基)-4-側氧基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺
基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-2-{(S)-4-羧基-2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-2-{(S)-4-羧基-2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基-、2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基-、2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基、(S)-4-羧基-4-((S)-4-羧基-4-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(19-羧基-十九醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基胺基)-丁醯基、2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(16-1H-四唑-5-基-十六醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基-、2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(16-
羧基-十六醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((S)-4-羧基-4-{2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[10-(4-羧基-苯氧基)-癸醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙醯基胺基}-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(7-羧基-庚醯胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(11-羧基-十一醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(13-羧基-十三醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(15-羧基-十五醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-,以及(S)-4-羧基-4-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(19-羧基-十九醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-。
更較佳為立體異構體,尤其是這些基團的對映異構體(S-對映異構體或R-對映異構體)。表3中的術語”R”欲代表-C(O)-R5在肽骨架(亦即,具體而言是Lys的ε-胺基)處的附接位置。
在一些具體例中,本發明是關於如上定義之式(I)肽化合物,其中X14代表選自Lys、Orn、Dab與Dap的胺基酸殘基,
其中-NH2側鏈基經-C(O)-R5官能化,X40代表選自Lys、Orn、Dab與Dap的胺基酸殘基,其中-NH2側鏈基可經-C(O)-R5官能化,其中R5為選自非環狀線性或分支(C4-C30)飽和或不飽和烴基,及/或環狀飽和、不飽和或芳族基團的親脂性部分,其中該親脂性部分可以藉由選自呈所有立體異構形式之(β-Ala)1-4、(γ-Glu)1-4、(ε-Ahx)1-4,或(GABA)1-4的連接子而附接至-NH2側鏈基。
在某些具體例中,X14代表具有經官能化-NH2側鏈基的胺基酸殘基,諸如經官能化Lys、Orn、Dab或Dap,其中-NH2側鏈基的至少一個H原子被-C(O)-R5取代,其選自依據上表3之取代基組成之群。
在一些具體例中,X14代表選自Lys、Orn、Dab或Dap的胺基酸殘基,其中-NH2側鏈基經-C(O)-R5官能化,X40代表選自Lys、Orn、Dab與Dap的胺基酸殘基,其中-NH2側鏈基經-C(O)-R5官能化,且-C(O)-R5選自依據上表3之取代基組成之群。
在本發明的一些具體例中,式(II)中的位置X14及/或X40代表離胺酸(Lys)。依據一些具體例,位置14處的Lys以及視情況位置40處的Lys經例如以上所述之基團-C(O)R5官能化。在其他具體例中,X40不存且且X14為經-C(O)-R5、-C(O)O-R5、-C(O)NH-R5、-S(O)2-R5或R5官能化的Lys,其中R5如上定義。具體而言,X14為經C(O)-R5官能化的Lys,其中R5選自由下列組成之群:(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基(γE-x53)、(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基(γE-x70)、4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基(GABA-x53)、4-{3-[(R)-2,5,7,8-四甲基-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-三甲基-十三基)-苯并二氫哌喃-6-基氧基羰基]-丙醯基胺基}-丁醯基-(GABA-x60)、4-十
八醯基胺基-丁醯基(GABA-x70)、4-((Z)-十八烷-9-烯醯基胺基)-丁醯基(GABA-x74)、6-[(4,4-聯苯-環己基氧基)-羥基-磷醯基氧基]-己醯基(Phosphol)、十六醯基(x53)、(S)-4-羧基-4-(15-羧基-十五醯基胺基)-丁醯基(x52)、(S)-4-羧基-4-{3-[3-((2S,3R,4S,5R)-5-羧基-2,3,4,5-四羥基-五醯基胺基)-丙醯基胺基]-丙醯基胺基}-丁醯基(γE-x59)、(S)-4-羧基-4-{3-[(R)-2,5,7,8-四甲基-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-三甲基-十三基)-苯并二氫哌喃-6-基氧基羰基]-丙醯基胺基}-丁醯基(γE-x60)、(S)-4-羧基-4-((9Z,12Z)-十八烷-9,12-二烯醯基胺基)-丁醯基(γE-x61)、(S)-4-羧基-4-[6-((2S,3R,4S,5R)-5-羧基-2,3,4,5-四羥基-戊醯基胺基)-己醯基胺基]-丁醯基(γE-x64)、(S)-4-羧基-4-((2S,3R,4S,5R)-5-羧基-2,3,4,5-四羥基-戊醯基胺基)-丁醯基(γE-x65)、(S)-4-羧基-4-十四醯基胺基-丁醯基(γE-x69)、(S)-4-(11-苄氧基羰基-十一醯基胺基)-4-羧基-丁醯基(γE-x72)、(S)-4-羧基-4-[11-((2S,3R,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-五羥基-己基胺甲醯基)-十一醯基胺基]-丁醯基(γE-x73)、(S)-4-羧基-4-((Z)-十八烷-9-烯醯基胺基)-丁醯基(γE-x74)、(S)-4-羧基-4-(4-十二基氧基-苄醯基胺基)-丁醯基(γE-x75)、(S)-4-羧基-4-二十一醯基胺基-丁醯基(γE-x76)、(S)-4-羧基-4-二十二醯基胺基-丁醯基(γE-x77)、(S)-4-羧基-4-((Z)-十九烷-10-烯醯基胺基)-丁醯基(γE-x79)、(S)-4-羧基-4-(4-癸基氧基-苄醯基胺基)-丁醯基(γE-x80)、(S)-4-羧基-4-[(4'-辛基氧基-聯苯-4-羰基)-胺基]-丁醯基(γE-x81)、(S)-4-羧基-4-(12-苯基-十二醯基胺基)-丁醯基(γE-x82)、(S)-4-羧基-4-二十醯基胺基-丁醯基(γE-x95)、(S)-4-羧基-4-((S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基胺基)-丁醯基(γE-γE-x53)、(S)-4-羧基-4-((S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基胺
基)-丁醯基(γE-γE-x70),以及3-(3-十八醯基胺基-丙醯基胺基)-丙醯基(β-Ala-β-Ala-x70)。
在一些具體例中,X14為經C(O)-R5官能化的Lys,其中R5選自由(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基(γE-x53)以及(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基(γE-x70)組成之群。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中R1為NH2,R2為NH2或R1與R2為NH2。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X3代表選自Gln、Glu與His的胺基酸殘基,X12代表選自Ile與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X14代表具有帶有-NH2基之側鏈的胺基酸殘基,其中-NH2側鏈基經-C(O)-R5官能化,其中R5如上所述,X15代表選自Asp與Glu的胺基酸殘基,X16代表選自Ser、Lys、Glu與Gln的胺基酸殘基,X17代表選自Arg、Lys、Glu、Ile、Gln、Leu、Aib、Tyr與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X18代表選自Ala、Arg、Aib、Leu、Lys與Tyr的胺基酸殘基,X19代表選自Ala、Gln、Val與Aib的胺基酸殘基,X20代表選自Gln、Aib、Phe、Arg、Leu、Lys與His的胺基酸殘基,X21代表選自Asp、Glu、Tyr與Leu的胺基酸殘基,X28代表選自Asn、Ala、Aib、Arg與Lys的胺基酸殘基,
X29代表選自Gly、Thr、Aib、D-Ala與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X40不存在或代表Lys。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X3代表選自Gln、Glu與His的胺基酸殘基,X12代表選自Ile與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X14代表具有帶有-NH2基之側鏈的胺基酸殘基,其中-NH2側鏈基經-C(O)-R5官能化,其中R5如上所述,X15代表選自Asp與Glu的胺基酸殘基,X16代表選自Ser、Lys、Glu與Gln的胺基酸殘基,X17代表選自Arg、Lys、Glu、Gln、Leu、Aib、Tyr與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X18代表選自Ala、Arg、Aib、Leu與Tyr的胺基酸殘基,X19代表選自Ala、Val與Aib的胺基酸殘基,X20代表選自Gln、Aib、Phe、Leu、Lys、His、Pip、(S)MeLys、(R)MeLys與(S)MeOrn的胺基酸殘基,X21代表選自Asp、Glu與Leu的胺基酸殘基,X28代表選自Asn、Ala、Aib與Ser的胺基酸殘基,X29代表選自Gly、Thr、Aib、D-Ala與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X40不存在或代表Lys。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X3代表選自Gln、Glu與His的胺基酸殘基,X12代表Ile,X14代表具有帶有-NH2基之側鏈的胺基酸殘基,其中-NH2側鏈基經-C(O)-R5官能化,其中R5如上所述,
X15代表選自Asp與Glu的胺基酸殘基,X16代表選自Ser、Lys、Glu與Gln的胺基酸殘基,X17代表選自Arg、Lys、Glu、Gln、Leu、Aib、Tyr與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X18代表選自Ala與Arg的胺基酸殘基,X19代表選自Ala與Val的胺基酸殘基,X20代表選自Gln、Aib、Lys、Pip、(S)MeLys、(R)MeLys與(S)MeOrn和His的胺基酸殘基,X21代表選自Asp、Glu與Leu的胺基酸殘基,X28代表選自Asn與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X29代表選自Gly、Thr與D-Ala的胺基酸殘基,X40不存在或代表Lys。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X3代表選自Gln、Glu與His的胺基酸殘基,X12代表選自Ile與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X14代表具有帶有-NH2基之側鏈的胺基酸殘基,其中-NH2側鏈基經-C(O)-R5官能化,其中R5如上所述,X15代表選自Asp與Glu的胺基酸殘基,X16代表選自Ser、Lys、Glu與Gln的胺基酸殘基,X17代表選自Arg、Lys、Glu、Gln、Leu、Aib、Tyr與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X18代表選自Ala與Arg的胺基酸殘基,X19代表選自Ala與Val的胺基酸殘基,X20代表選自Gln、Aib、Lys與His的胺基酸殘基,
X21代表選自Asp、Glu與Leu的胺基酸殘基,X28代表選自Asn與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X29代表選自Gly、Thr與D-Ala的胺基酸殘基,X40不存在或代表Lys。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X3代表選自Gln與Glu的胺基酸殘基,X12代表Ile,X14代表Lys,其中-NH2側鏈基經選自下列基團之一者官能化:(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、3-(3-十八醯基胺基-丙醯基胺基)-丙醯基-與4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-二十一醯基胺基-丁醯基-,X15代表選自Glu與Asp的胺基酸殘基,X16代表選自Ser與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X17代表Arg,X18代表Ala,X19代表Ala,X20代表選自Gln與Aib的胺基酸殘基,X21代表選自Asp與Glu的胺基酸殘基,X28代表選自Asn與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X29代表選自Gly與Thr的胺基酸殘基,X40不存在。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中
X3代表Glu,X12代表Ile,X14代表Lys,其中-NH2側鏈基經選自下列基團之一者官能化:(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、3-(3-十八醯基胺基-丙醯基胺基)-丙醯基-與4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-二十一醯基胺基-丁醯基-,X15代表選自Glu與Asp的胺基酸殘基,X16代表選自Ser與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X17代表Arg,X18代表Ala,X19代表Ala,X20代表選自Gln與Aib的胺基酸殘基,X21代表選自Asp與Glu的胺基酸殘基,X28代表選自Asn與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X29代表選自Gly與Thr的胺基酸殘基,X40不存在。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X3代表Gln,X12代表Ile,X14代表Lys,其中-NH2側鏈基經選自下列基團之一者官能化:(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基
-丁醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、3-(3-十八醯基胺基-丙醯基胺基)-丙醯基-與4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-二十一醯基胺基-丁醯基-,X15代表選自Glu與Asp的胺基酸殘基,X16代表選自Ser與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X17代表Arg,X18代表Ala,X19代表Ala,X20代表選自Gln與Aib的胺基酸殘基,X21代表選自Asp與Glu的胺基酸殘基,X28代表選自Asn與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X29代表選自Gly與Thr的胺基酸殘基,X40不存在。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X14代表Lys,其中-NH2側鏈基經選自下列基團之一者官能化:(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-、4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-、十六醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-二十一醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、3-(3-十八醯基胺基-丙醯基胺基)-丙醯基-。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X14代表Lys,其中-NH2側鏈基經選自下列基團之一者官能化:(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-、4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-二十一醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基
-4-((S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、3-(3-十八醯基胺基-丙醯基胺基)-丙醯基-。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X14代表Lys,其中-NH2側鏈基經選自下列基團之一者官能化:(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X3代表選自Gln與Glu的胺基酸殘基,X12代表Ile,X14代表Lys,其中-NH2側鏈基經選自下列基團之一者官能化:(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-與(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-,X15代表選自Glu與Asp的胺基酸殘基,X16代表選自Ser與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X17代表Arg,X18代表Ala,X19代表Ala,X20代表選自Gln與Aib的胺基酸殘基,X21代表選自Asp與Glu的胺基酸殘基,X28代表選自Asn與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X29代表選自Gly與Thr的胺基酸殘基,X40不存在。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X3代表選自Gln、His與Glu的胺基酸殘基,
X12代表Ile,X14代表Lys,其中-NH2側鏈基經選自下列基團之一者官能化:(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-與(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-,X15代表Glu,X16代表選自Glu與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X17代表Glu,X18代表Ala,X19代表Val,X20代表Arg,X21代表Leu,X28代表選自Asn、Aib與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X29代表選自Gly與Thr的胺基酸殘基,X40不存在。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X3代表Glu,X12代表Ile,X14代表Lys,其中-NH2側鏈基經選自下列基團之一者官能化:(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-與(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-,X15代表Glu,X16代表選自Glu與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X17代表Glu,X18代表Ala,
X19代表Val,X20代表Arg,X21代表Leu,X28代表選自Asn、Aib與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X29代表Gly,X40不存在。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X3代表選自Gln、His與Glu的胺基酸殘基,X12代表選自Ile與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X14代表Lys,其中-NH2側鏈基經選自下列基團之一者官能化:(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-與(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-,X15代表選自Glu與Asp的胺基酸殘基,X16代表Glu,X17代表選自Arg與Gln的胺基酸殘基,X18代表選自Ala與Arg的胺基酸殘基,X19代表Ala,X20代表選自Pip、(S)MeLys、(R)MeLys與(S)MeOrn的胺基酸殘基,X21代表Glu,X28代表選自Asn、Ser與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X29代表選自Gly與Thr的胺基酸殘基,X40不存在。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中
X3代表選自Gln、His與Glu的胺基酸殘基,X12代表選自Ile與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X14代表Lys,其中-NH2側鏈基經選自下列基團之一者官能化:(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-、十六醯基-與(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-,X15代表選自Glu與Asp的胺基酸殘基,X16代表選自Ser、Lys、Glu與Gln的胺基酸殘基,X17代表選自Arg、Leu、Aib、Tyr、Glu、Ala與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X18代表選自Ala、Aib、Leu與Tyr的胺基酸殘基,X19代表選自Ala、Val與Aib的胺基酸殘基,X20代表Aib,X21代表選自Glu、Leu與Tyr的胺基酸殘基,X28代表選自Asn、Arg與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X29代表選自Gly、Ala、D-Ala與Thr的胺基酸殘基,X40不存在或代表Lys。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X3代表選自Gln、His與Glu的胺基酸殘基,X12代表選自Ile與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X14代表Lys,其中-NH2側鏈基經選自下列基團之一者官能化:(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-與(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-,X15代表選自Glu與Asp的胺基酸殘基,X16代表選自Ser、Lys與Glu的胺基酸殘基,
X17代表選自Arg、Lys、Ile、Glu與Gln的胺基酸殘基,X18代表選自Ala、Arg與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X19代表選自Ala、Val與Gln的胺基酸殘基,X20代表選自Gln、Phe、Leu、Lys、His與Arg的胺基酸殘基,X21代表選自Glu、Asp與Leu的胺基酸殘基,X28代表選自Asn、Arg、Lys與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X29代表選自Gly、Aib與Thr的胺基酸殘基,X40不存在或代表Lys。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X12代表Ile。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X19代表Ala。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X16代表Glu,X20代表選自Pip、(S)MeLys、(R)MeLys與(S)MeOrn的胺基酸殘基。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X28代表Ala,X29代表Gly。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X28代表Asn,X29代表Thr。
又一個具體例是有關於一群化合物,其中X3代表Glu,
X12代表Ile,X14代表Lys,其中-NH2側鏈基經-C(O)-R5官能化,其中R5選自(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-(γE-x53)與(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-(γE-x70),X15代表Glu,X16代表選自Glu與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X17代表Glu,X18代表Ala,X19代表Val,X20代表Arg,X21代表Leu,X28代表選自Asn、Ala與Aib的胺基酸殘基,X29代表Gly,X40不存在。
式(I)肽化合物的具體實例為SEQ ID NO:8-13的化合物及其鹽與溶劑合物。
式(I)肽化合物的具體實例為SEQ ID NO:8-10與13的化合物及其鹽與溶劑合物。
在某些具體例中,亦即當式(I)化合物包含遺傳編碼的胺基酸殘基時,本發明進一步提供編碼該化合物的核酸(其可為DNA或RNA)、含有此一核酸的表現載體,以及含有此一核酸或表現載體的宿主細胞。
在又一個態樣中,本發明提供一種包含本發明化合物與載劑混合的組成物。在較佳具體例中,該組成物為醫藥上可
接受之組成物,而該載劑為醫藥上可接受之載劑。本發明化合物可以呈鹽的形式,例如醫藥上可接受之鹽或溶劑合物,例如水合物。在又一個態樣中,本發明提供一種用於醫學治療方法中的組成物,具體而言在人類醫學中。
在某些具體例中,該核酸或表現載體可用作為治療組分,例如在基因療法中。
式(I)化合物適用於治療應用中而不需要額外的治療有效劑。但在其他具體例中,該等化合物與至少一種其他治療活性劑一起使用,如在”組合療法”中所述。
式(I)化合物尤其適用於治療或預防由醣類及/或脂肪代謝混亂所致、與其相關及/或伴隨其發生的疾病或病症,例如用於治療或預防高血糖症、第2型糖尿病、葡萄糖耐受不良、第1型糖尿病、肥胖症與代謝症候群。此外,本發明化合物尤其適用於治療或預防退化性疾病,尤其是神經退化性疾病。
所述化合物尤其用於預防體重增加或促進體重減少。”預防”表示當相較於治療不存在時抑制或降低,但不必然表示病症完全中止。
本發明化合物可使得食物攝取減少及/或增加能量消耗,在體重方面產生可觀察到的效用。
本發明化合物對循環膽固醇濃度具有有效效用而與其對體重的影響無關,進而能夠改善脂肪濃度,尤其是LDL與HDL濃度(例如增加HDL/LDL比率)。
因此,本發明化合物可用於任何由體重過重所致或特徵在於體重過重之病況的直接或間接療法,諸如治療及/或預防
肥胖症、病態肥胖症、肥胖症相關的發炎、肥胖症相關的膽囊疾病、肥胖症引起的睡眠呼吸中止。它們也可以用於治療與預防代謝症候群、糖尿病、高血壓、致動脈粥樣硬化性血脂異常、動脈粥樣硬化、動脈硬化症、冠心病或中風。它們在這些病況中的效用是因為與其對體重的效用有關,或可能與其無關。
較佳的醫學用途包括在第2型糖尿病中延遲或預防疾病進展、治療代謝症候群、治療肥胖症或預防過重、用以減少食物攝取、增加能量消耗、降低體重、延遲葡萄糖耐受不良(IGT)進展至第2型糖尿病;延遲從第2型糖尿病進展至需要胰島素的糖尿病;調節食慾;引起飽足感;在成功體重減輕後預防體重又再增加;治療與過重或肥胖症有關的疾病或狀態;治療暴食症;治療狂食;治療動脈粥樣硬化、高血壓、第2型糖尿病、IGT、血脂異常、冠心病、脂肪肝、治療貝他-阻斷劑中毒、用以抑制胃腸道活動、可使用諸如X射線、CT以及NMR掃描的技術用於與胃腸道的研究組合。
更多較佳醫學用途包括治療或預防退化性疾病,具體而言神經退化性疾病,諸如阿茲海默症、帕金森氏症、亨廷頓氏症、共濟失調(例如脊髓小腦共濟失調)、甘迺迪氏症、強直型肌肉萎縮症、路易體癡呆症、多系統性萎縮症、肌萎縮性側索硬化、原發性側索硬化、脊椎肌肉萎縮症、普恩蛋白相關的疾病(例如庫賈氏病)、多發性硬化症、毛細管擴張、巴登氏病、皮質基底核退化症、亞急性脊髓聯合退化、運動失調、泰薩斯病、中毒性腦病變、嬰兒雷夫敘姆病、雷夫敘姆病、神經棘細胞症、尼曼匹克症、萊姆病、Machado-Joseph病、山多夫氏病、Shy-Drager症候群、刺
蝟搖擺不定症、蛋白質構像病、大腦β-澱粉樣血管病變、青光眼的視網膜神經節細胞退化、共核蛋白病、Tau蛋白病變、額顳葉退化(FTLD)、癡呆症、cadasil症候群、帶有類澱粉症的遺傳性腦出血、亞歷山大病、seipinopathies、家族性類澱粉神經病變、老年全身性類澱粉症、絲胺酸蛋白病變(serpinopathies)、AL(輕鏈)類澱粉症(原發性全身性類澱粉症)、AH(重鏈)類澱粉症、AA(次發性)類澱粉症、主動脈中層類澱粉症、ApoAI類澱粉症、ApoAII類澱粉症、ApoAIV類澱粉症、芬蘭型家族性類澱粉症(FAF)、溶菌酶類澱粉症、纖維蛋白原類澱粉症、透析類澱粉症、包涵體肌炎/肌病、白內障、帶有視紫質突變的色素性視網膜炎、髓質性甲狀腺癌、心房類澱粉症、垂體催乳素瘤、遺傳性格子狀角膜營養不良、苔蘚狀皮膚類澱粉症、馬洛裏小體、角膜乳鐵蛋白類澱粉症、肺泡蛋白沉著症、齒源性(平博氏)腫瘤類澱粉症、囊腫纖維化、鎌狀細胞病或重病性肌病(CIM)。
更多醫學用途包括治療骨相關病症,諸如骨質疏鬆或骨關節炎等,其中增加骨形成並降低骨再吸收將會是有益的。
本發明胺基酸序列含有習知用於天然胺基酸的一個字母以及三個字母代碼,還有就其他胺基酸而言普遍認可的三個字母代碼,諸如Aib(α-胺基異丁酸)、Orn(鳥胺酸)、Dab(2,4-二胺基丁酸)、Dap(2,3-二胺基丙酸)、Nle(正白胺酸)、GABA(γ-胺基丁酸)或Ahx(ε-胺基己酸)。
此外,下列使用於胺基酸的代碼顯示於表4中:
術語”天然艾塞那肽-4”意指具有序列HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPS-NH2(SEQ ID NO:1)的天然艾塞那肽-4。
本發明提供如上所定義的肽化合物。
本發明肽化合物包含胺基羧酸藉由肽(亦即甲醯胺)鍵連結的線性骨架。除非另有指明,否則胺基羧酸較佳為α-胺基羧酸且更佳為L-α-胺基羧酸。肽化合物較佳包含具有39-40個胺基羧酸的骨架序列。
本發明肽化合物可具有未經修飾的側鏈,但在側鏈之一者處帶有至少一個修飾。
為免疑問,在本文提供的定義中,肽部分(II)的序列通常希望在說明容許變異之彼等位置中的至少一者處是不同於天然艾塞那肽-4。肽部分(II)內的胺基酸可被考慮為以習知N端至C端方向從0至40連續編號。因此,提及肽部分(II)內的”位置”應理解為如提及天然艾塞那肽-4與其他分子中的位置時(例如在艾塞那肽-4中),His在位置1處、Gly在位置2處…Met在位置14處…以及Ser在位置39處。
在位置14處以及視情況在位置40處具有帶有NH2基團的側鏈的胺基酸殘基,例如Lys、Orn、Dab或Dap接合至官能基,例如醯基。因此在本發明中,該等肽的一或多個選定胺基酸可在其側鏈處帶有共價附接。在一些情況下,那些附接可以是親脂性的。這些親脂性側鏈附接具有降低肽之活體內廓清的潛力,因而增加其活體內半衰期。
親脂性附接可以由親脂性部分組成,其可為分支或未分支,脂族或不飽和非環狀部分及/或環部分,選自一或數個脂族或不飽和同環或雜環、芳族縮合或非縮合同環或雜環、醚鍵結、不飽和鍵以及取代基(例如羥基及/或羧基)。親脂性部分在胺基酸於其側鏈帶有胺基的情況下可以透過烷基化、還原性胺化或透過醯胺鍵、胺甲酸酯或磺醯胺鍵附接至肽。
可附接至胺基酸側鏈之親脂性部分的非限制性實例包括脂肪酸,例如C8-30脂肪酸,諸如棕梠酸、肉豆蔻酸、硬脂酸與油酸,及/或如上所述的環狀基團或其衍生物。
在肽的胺基酸與親脂性附接之間可能有一個或數個連接子。彼等連接子的非限制性實例為呈所有其立體-異構體形式(S與R對映異構體)的β-丙胺酸、γ-麩胺酸、α-麩胺酸、γ-胺基丁酸及/或ε-胺基己酸或二肽,諸如β-Ala-β-Ala(在此又簡寫為βA-βA)及/或γ-Glu-γ-Glu(在此又簡寫為γE-γE)。
因此,側鏈附接的一個非限制性實例為棕梠酸,其共價連結至麩胺酸的α-胺基而形成醯胺鍵。這個經取代麩胺酸的γ-羧基可與肽內的離胺酸之側鏈胺基形成醯胺鍵。
在又一個態樣中,本發明提供一種包含如本文所述本發明化合物,或其鹽或溶劑合物與載劑混合的組成物。
本發明亦提供本發明化合物用作藥物,尤其是治療如下所述病況的用途。
本發明亦提供一種組成物,其中該組成物為醫藥上可接受之組成物,而該載劑為醫藥上可接受之載劑。
習於技藝者知道各種不同方法來製備本發明中所述的肽。這些方法包括(但不限於)合成法以及重組基因表現。因此,製備該等肽的一個方法是在溶液中或在固體撐體上合成,然後分離並純化。製備肽的一個不同方法為在宿主細胞中的基因表現,其中編碼該肽的DNA序列已被引入該宿主細胞中。或者,基因表現可以在不使用細胞系統的情況下達致。上述方法也可以任何方式加以組合。
製備本發明之肽的一個較佳方法為在適當樹脂上的固相合成。固相肽合成為經充分建立的方法學(參見例如:Stewart
and Young,Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis,Pierce Chemical Co.,Rockford,Ill.,1984;E.Atherton and R.C.Sheppard,Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis.A Practical Approach,Oxford-IRL Press,New York,1989)。固相合成是藉由將N端受保護的胺基酸以其羧基端附接至帶有可切割連接子的惰性固體撐體而開始。這個固體撐體可以是容許起始胺基酸偶合的任一種聚合物,例如三苯甲基樹脂、氯三苯甲基樹脂、Wang樹脂或Rink樹脂,其中羧基(或Rink樹脂的甲醯胺)與樹脂的鍵聯對於酸是敏感的(當使用Fmoc策略時)。聚合物撐體必須是在肽合成期間α-胺基去保護所用條件下穩定者。
在第一個胺基酸已被偶合至固體撐體之後,這個胺基酸的α-胺基保護基被移除。剩餘受保護的胺基酸以肽序列所表示的順序使用適當醯胺偶合試劑(例如BOP、HBTU、HATU或DIC(N,N'-二異丙基碳二醯亞胺)/HOBt(1-羥基苯并三唑))一個接著一個偶合,其中BOP、HBTU與HATU與三級胺鹼一起使用。或者,被釋離的N端可以經胺基酸以外的基團(例如羧酸等)官能化。
通常,胺基酸的反應性側鏈基經適當阻斷基保護。這些保護基在所要肽組裝之後被移除。它們隨著所要產物從樹脂切除的同時在相同條件下被移除。保護基與引入保護基的程序可以在Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,3d ed.,Greene,T.W.and Wuts,P.G.M.,Wiley & Sons(New York:1999)中找到。
在一些情況下,帶有可被選擇性移除的側鏈保護基同時其他側鏈保護基保持完整將會是合於需要的。在這種情況下,被釋出的官能性可選擇性地被官能化。例如,離胺酸可以用ivDde([1-(4,4-二甲基-2,6-二側氧基環己-1-亞基)-3-甲基丁基)保護
基予以保護(S.R.Chhabra et al.,Tetrahedron Lett.39,(1998),1603),其僅對親核性鹼(例如DMF(二甲基甲醯胺)中的4%肼)是不穩定的。因此,若N端胺基與所有側鏈官能性以酸不穩定性保護基予以保護時,ivDde基團可以選擇性地使用DMF中的4%肼予以移除且對應游離胺基可接著被進一步修飾,例如藉由醯化。或者離胺酸可以偶合至經保護的胺基酸,且這個胺基酸的胺基則可以去保護,產生另一個可被醯化或附接至另一個胺基酸的游離胺基。
最後,從樹脂切下肽。這可以藉由使用金氏混合物(King’s cocktail)來達致(D.S.King,C.G.Fields,G.B.Fields,Int.J.Peptide Protein Res.36,1990,255-266)。若需要的話,原料接著藉由層析(例如製備型RP-HPLC)被純化。
如本文所用,術語”效力”或”活體外效力”是關於在以細胞為主的分析中,化合物活化GLP-1、GIP或升糖素之受體的能力的一種度量。其以數值表示為”EC50值”,其為化合物在劑量反應實驗中引起半最大反應增加(例如細胞內cAMP形成)的化合物有效濃度。
本發明化合物為GLP-1與GIP之受體,還有視情況升糖素受體之促效劑(例如”雙重或三角促效劑”)。本身為GIP/GLP-1共促效劑,或GIP/GLP-1/升糖素三促效劑的此等肽可藉由容許同時治療糖尿病與肥胖症對靶定代謝症候群的臨床需要提供治療益處。
代謝症候群為醫學病症之一種組合,當同時發生
時,增加發生第2型糖尿病還有動脈粥樣硬化血管疾病(例如心臟病與中風)的風險。用於代謝症候群的定義醫學參數包括糖尿病、葡萄糖耐受不良、禁食葡萄糖升高、胰島素抗性、尿白蛋白分泌、腹部肥胖、高血壓、三酸甘油酯升高、LDL膽固醇升高與HDL膽固醇降低。
肥胖症是一種醫學病況,其中過量體脂積累至可能對健康與預期餘命具有不利影響的程度,且因為其增加在成人與兒童中的盛行率,變成現代死亡的主要可預防病因之一。其增加各種其他疾病的可能性,包括心臟病、第2型糖尿病、阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止、某些類型的癌症,以及骨關節炎,而且它最通常是由過量食物攝取、能量消耗降低,以及遺傳易感性的組合所致。
糖尿病(diabetes mellitus),通常簡稱為糖尿病(diabetes),是一群代謝疾病,其中某人具有高血糖濃度(不論是因為身體未能產生足夠胰島素,或因為細胞無法對製造出的胰島素有所反應)。最常見的糖尿病類型為:(1)第1型糖尿病,其中身體無法製造胰島素;(2)第2型糖尿病,其中身體無法適當地使用胰島素,加上隨著時間有胰島素缺乏的增加,以及(3)妊娠型糖尿病,其中女性因為懷孕而產生糖尿病。所有形式的糖尿病在數年後增加發生長期併發症的風險。這些長期併發症中的大多數是基於對血管的損傷且可以分成兩類:”大血管"疾病(因為較大血管的動脈粥樣硬化所致)以及”小血管”疾病(因為小血管損傷所致)。大血管疾病病況的實例為缺血性心臟病、心肌梗塞、中風與周邊血管疾病。小血管疾病的實例為糖尿病視網膜病變、糖尿病腎病變,還有糖尿病神經病變。
GLP-1與GIP以及升糖素的受體是7-穿膜-橫跨、異三聚體G蛋白偶合受體家族的成員。它們在結構上彼此相關且不僅共有一個明顯程度的序列同一性,還具有相似的配體辨識機制和細胞內訊號傳遞路徑。
類似地,肽GLP-1、GIP與升糖素共有高序列同一性/相似性的區域。GLP-1與升糖素是由相同的前驅體前原升糖素所生成,前原升糖素以組織特異性的方式受到差異加工處理而產生例如腸內分泌細胞的GLP-1以及胰島之阿伐細胞中的升糖素。GIP是衍生自較大的原GIP原激素前軀體且由位於小腸的K細胞合成並釋放。
肽腸促胰島素激素GLP-1與GIP是由腸內分泌細胞對食物反應所分泌,且佔飲食刺激之胰島素分泌至多70%。證據暗示,GLP-1分泌在帶有葡萄糖耐受不良或第2型糖尿病的個體中是降低的,但對GLP-1的反應性在這些患者中仍維持不變。因此,以適當促效劑靶定GLP-1受體對治療代謝病症(包括糖尿病)提供充滿吸引力的方法。GLP-1的受體廣泛地分布,主要在胰島、腦、心臟、腎臟與胃腸道中被發現到。在胰臟中,GLP-1以嚴格葡萄糖依賴性的方式藉由增加胰島素從貝他細胞分泌來作用。這個葡萄糖依賴性顯示,活化GLP-1受體不會致使低血糖症。GIP的受體也廣泛地表現在周邊組織中,周邊組織包括胰島、脂肪組織、胃、小腸、心臟、骨、肺臟、腎臟、睪丸、腎上腺皮質、垂體、內皮細胞、氣管、脾臟、胸腺、甲狀腺與腦。與其作為腸促胰島素激素的生物功能相同,胰臟β-細胞在人類體內表現最高程度的GIP受體。有一些GIP-受體媒介訊號傳遞的臨床證據在帶有T2DM的患者中顯
示受到障礙,但GIP-作用顯示為可逆且可以利用改善糖尿病狀態而回復。值得注意的是,藉由腸促胰島素激素(GIP與GLP-1)刺激胰島素分泌是嚴格的葡萄糖依賴性以確保與在低血糖症的風險下相關的失靈安全機制。
在貝他細胞濃度下,GLP-1與GIP已顯示會增進原胰島素的葡萄糖敏感性、新生、增生、轉錄和肥大,還有抗細胞凋亡。對GLP-1與GIP受體帶有雙重促效活性的肽預期具有加成或協同抗糖尿病益處。GLP-1在胰臟以外的其他相關影響包括延遲胃排空、增加飽足感、減少食物攝取、降低體重,以及神經保護性和心臟保護性效用。在帶有第2型糖尿病的患者中,考慮到像是糖尿病與心血管疾病之合併症的高比率,胰臟外效用可能尤其重要。在胰臟以外的周邊組織中的更多GIP作用包含骨形成增加且骨再吸收降低,以及神經保護性效用,對於治療骨質疏鬆與認知障礙(像是阿茲海默症)是有益的。
升糖素是一個具有29個胺基酸的肽激素,它是由胰臟阿伐細胞所製造並且在循環葡萄糖低時被釋放至血流中。升糖素的一個重要生理角色是在肝臟中刺激葡萄糖輸出,其對胰島素來說,在活體內維持葡萄糖恆定狀態是一個提供重要相對調節機制的過程。但是,升糖素受體也在肝臟外組織(諸如腎臟、心臟、脂肪細胞、淋巴母細胞、腦、視網膜、腎上腺與胃腸道)中表現,暗示在葡萄糖恆定以外有更為廣泛的生理學角色。因此,近來的研究已報導,升糖素對於能量管理在治療上具有正向的效用,能量管理包括刺激能量消耗以及生熱作用,伴有減少食物攝取以及體重減輕。總之,刺激升糖素受體在治療肥胖症與代謝症候群方
面可能有用。
調酸素是一種由帶有含括八個胺基酸之含括C端延伸部分的升糖素構成的肽激素。像是GLP-1與升糖素,其預先形成為前原升糖素且以組織特異性的方式被小腸的內分泌細胞切割並分泌。調酸素已知會刺激GLP-1與升糖素的受體並因而是雙重促效劑的原型。
如同GLP-1以及GIP已知其抗糖尿病效用,GLP-1與升糖素均已知其抑制食物攝取效用,而升糖素也是額外能量消耗的中介因子,可想像兩種或三種激素的活性組合於一個分子中可以產生強效藥物供治療代謝症候群,以及具體而言其構成要素糖尿病和肥胖症之用。
因此,本發明化合物可用於治療葡萄糖耐受不良、胰島素抗性、前糖尿病、禁食葡萄糖增加、第2型糖尿病、高血壓、血脂異常、動脈硬化症、冠心病、周邊動脈疾病、中風或此等個別疾病構成要素之任何組合。
此外,它們可用於控制食慾、進食以及熱量攝取、增加能量消耗、預防體重增加、促使體重減少、減少體重過重以及治療肥胖症(包括病態肥胖症)。
可使用本發明化合物治療的更多疾病狀態和健康病況為肥胖症連結的發炎、肥胖症連結的膽囊病及肥胖症引起的睡眠呼吸中止。
儘管所有此等病況可能與肥胖症直接或間接相關,本發明化合物的效用可以整體或部分經由對體重的影響或與其無涉來進行媒介。
此外,要被治療的疾病為神經退化性疾病,諸如阿茲海默症或帕金森氏症,或如上述的其他退化性疾病。
相較於GLP-1、升糖素以及調酸素,艾塞那肽-4具有有益的物理化學特性,諸如在溶液中與在生理條件下的溶解度以及穩定性(包括對酵素(諸如DPP-4或NEP)分解的酶穩定性),其在活體內產生更長的作用持續期間。因此,艾塞那肽-4充作為良好的起始骨架,以獲得具有雙重或甚至三重藥理學(例如GLP-1/GIP以及視情況額外的升糖素促效作用)的艾塞那肽-4類似物。
然而,艾塞那肽-4也顯示為化學不穩定的,因為在位置14的甲硫胺酸氧化以及在位置28的天門冬醯胺酸的去醯胺化和異構化。因此,穩定性可藉由置換在位置14處的甲硫胺酸,且避免已知容易經由天冬醯胺形成而分解的序列(尤其是在位置28與29的Asp-Gly或Asn-Gly)進一步獲得改善。
術語”醫藥組成物”指明一種含有當混合且投與時可相容之成分的混合物。醫藥組成物可包括一或多種醫學藥物。此外,醫藥組成物可包括載劑、緩衝劑、酸化劑、烷化劑、溶劑、佐劑、張力調節劑、柔軟劑、膨脹劑、防腐劑、物理與化學安定劑(例如界面活性劑)、抗氧化劑與其他組分,不論這些組分被視為是活性或非活性成分。對於習於製備醫藥組成物者可找到的指南為例如在Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,(20th ed.)ed.A.R.Gennaro A.R.,2000,Lippencott Williams & Wilkins and in R.C.Rowe et al(Ed),Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients,PhP,May 2013 update中找到。
本發明之艾塞那肽-4肽衍生物或其鹽可與作為醫藥組成物一部分的可接受醫藥載劑、稀釋劑或賦形劑組合投與。”醫藥上可接受之載劑”為生理上可接受(例如生理上可接受pH)同時維持與其一起投與之物質的治療特性的載劑。標準可接受醫藥載劑及其調配物為習於技藝者熟知且描述於例如Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,(20th ed.)ed.A.R.Gennaro A.R.,2000,Lippencott Williams & Wilkins and in R.C.Rowe et al(Ed),Handbook of Pharmaceutical excipients,PhP,May 2013 update中。一個例示性醫藥上可接受載劑為生理鹽水溶液。
在一個具體例中,載劑是選自由緩衝劑(例如檸檬酸鹽/檸檬酸)、酸化劑(例如鹽酸)、烷化劑(例如氫氧化鈉)、防腐劑(例如苯酚)、共溶劑(例如聚乙二醇400)、張力調節劑(例如甘露醇)、安定劑(例如界面活性劑、抗氧化劑、胺基酸)組成之群。
使用的濃度在生理上可接受的範圍內。
可接受醫藥載劑或稀釋劑包括那些適用於口服、直腸、鼻或非經腸(包括皮下、肌肉內、靜脈內、皮內以及穿皮)投與的調配物中所使用者。本發明化合物通常是非經腸投與。
術語”醫藥上可接受之鹽”表示本發明化合物的鹽,就使用於哺乳動物中來說其為安全且有效的。醫藥上可接受之鹽可包括,但不限於酸加成鹽以及鹼性鹽。酸加成鹽的實例包括氯鹽、硫酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、磷酸(氫)鹽、乙酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、甲苯磺酸鹽或甲磺酸鹽。鹼性鹽的實例包括與無機陽離子形成的鹽(例如鹼或鹼土金屬鹽,諸如鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鎂鹽或鈣鹽),以及與有機陽離子形成的鹽(諸如胺鹽)。醫藥上可接受之鹽的更多實例描述於
Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,(20th ed.)ed.A.R.Gennaro A.R.,2000,Lippencott Williams & Wilkins or in Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts,Properties,Selection and Use,e.d.P.H.Stahl,C.G.Wermuth,2002,jointly published by Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta,Zurich,Switzerland,and Wiley-VCH,Weinheim,Germany中。
術語”溶劑合物”表示本發明化合物或其鹽與溶劑分子(例如有機溶劑分子及/或水)的複合物。
在醫藥組成物中,艾塞那肽-4衍生物可以呈單體或寡聚形式。
術語化合物的”治療有效量”意指無毒但足量的化合物以提供所要效用。
達到所要生物效用所需的式I化合物數量取決於數種因素,例如選擇的特定化合物、所要用途、投與模式以及患者的臨床病況。適當”有效”量在任何個別的情況下可由習於技藝者使用慣常實驗來決定。例如,式(I)化合物的”治療有效量”為約0.01至50mg/劑量,較佳0.1至10mg/劑量。
本發明醫藥組成物為彼等適於非經腸(例如皮下、肌肉內、皮內或靜脈內)、口服、直腸、局部與經口(例如舌下)投與者,儘管最為適宜的投與模式在每一個別情況下取決於待治療病況之本質和嚴重性,以及在各個情況下使用之式I化合物的特質。
適當的醫藥組成物可以呈分散單位,例如膠囊、錠劑與小瓶或安瓿中的粉劑,其各自含有定量的化合物;作為粉劑或膠囊;作為呈水性或非水性液體的溶液或懸浮液;或做為水包
油或油包水乳液。其可呈單劑量或多劑量可注射形式來提供,例如呈筆的形式。該等組成物可(如已經提及)藉由任何適當醫藥方法來製備,該等醫藥方法包括其中活性成分與載劑(其可由一或多種額外成分組成)相接觸的步驟。
在某些具體例中,醫藥組成物可與施用裝置一起提供,例如與注射器、注射筆或自動注射器一起提供。此等裝置可以與醫藥組成物分開提供或者是預先充填醫藥組成物。
本發明化合物(GLP-1與升糖素受體的雙重促效劑)可廣泛地與其他藥學活性化合物組合,諸如所有在Rote Liste 2012及/或Rote Liste 2013中所提及的藥物,例如與在Rote Liste 2012第12章及/或Rote Liste 2013第12章中提到的所有抗糖尿病劑、在Rote Liste 2012第1章及/或Rote Liste 2013第1章中提到的所有減重劑或食慾抑制劑、在Rote Liste 2012第58章及/或Rote Liste 2013第58章中提到的所有降脂劑、在Rote Liste 2012及/或Rote Liste 2013中提到的所有抗高血壓劑及腎保護劑,或在Rote Liste 2012第36章及/或Rote Liste 2013第36章中提到的所有利尿劑。
活性成分組合尤其可用於協同增進作用。它們可以藉由對患者分開投與活性成分或呈組合產物的形式來施用,在組合產物的形式中,數種活性成分存在於一個醫藥製品中。當活性成分藉由分開投與活性成分來投與時,這可以同時或依序完成。
下文提及的大多數活性成分揭示於USP Dictionary of USAN and International Drug Names,US Pharmacopeia,Rockville 2011中。
適用於此等組合的其他活性成分尤其包括彼等例如就所提指示症之一者使一或多種活性物質的效用變成可能及/或容許一或多種活性物質劑量降低者。
適於組合的治療劑包括,例如抗糖尿病劑,諸如:胰島素與胰島素類似物,例如:甘精(Glargine)/Lantus®、270-330U/mL胰島素甘精(insulin glargine)(EP 2387989 A)、300U/mL胰島素甘精(EP 2387989 A)、穀賴胰島素(Glulisin)/Apidra®、地特胰島素(Detemir)/Levemir®、賴脯胰島素(Lispro)/Humalog®/Liprolog®、德谷胰島素(Degludec)/德谷胰島素Plus(DegludecPlus)、門冬胰島素(Aspart)、基礎胰島素與類似物(例如LY-2605541、LY2963016、NN1436)、聚乙二醇化胰島素Lispro、Humulin®、Linjeta、SuliXen®、NN1045、胰島素加上Symlin、PE0139、速效與短效胰島素(例如Linjeta、PH20、NN1218、HinsBet)、(APC-002)水膠、口服、可吸入、穿皮與舌下胰島素(例如Exubera®、Nasulin®、Afrezza、Tregopil、TPM 02、Capsulin、Oral-lyn®、Cobalamin®口服胰島素、ORMD-0801、NN1953、NN1954、NN1956、VIAtab、Oshadi口服胰島素)。另外亦包括彼等藉由雙功能性連接子結合至白蛋白或另一種蛋白質的胰島素衍生物。
GLP-1、GLP-1類似物以及GLP-1受體促效劑,例如:利西拉來(Lixisenatide)/AVE0010/ZP10/Lyxumia、艾塞那肽(Exenatide)/艾塞那肽-4(Exendin-4)/Byetta/Bydureon/ITCA 650/AC-2993、利拉魯肽(Liraglutide)/Victoza、塞馬魯肽(Semaglutide)、他司魯肽(Taspoglutide)、Syncria/阿必魯肽
(Albiglutide)、度拉魯肽(Dulaglutide)、r艾塞那肽-4、CJC-1134-PC、PB-1023、TTP-054、Langlenatide/HM-11260C、CM-3、GLP-1 Eligen、ORMD-0901、NN-9924、NN-9926、NN-9927、Nodexen、Viador-GLP-1、CVX-096、ZYOG-1、ZYD-1、GSK-2374697、DA-3091、MAR-701、MAR709、ZP-2929、ZP-3022、TT-401、BHM-034、MOD-6030、CAM-2036、DA-15864、ARI-2651、ARI-2255、艾塞那肽-XTEN及升糖素-Xten。
DPP-4抑制劑,例如阿格列汀(Alogliptin)/Nesina、利拉利汀(Trajenta)/Linagliptin/BI-1356/Ondero/Trajenta/Tradjenta/Trayenta/Tradzenta、沙格列汀(Saxagliptin)/Onglyza、西格列汀(Sitagliptin)/佳糖維(Januvia)/西他列汀(Xelevia)/Tesave/Janumet/Velmetia、Galvus/維格列汀(Vildagliptin)、阿拉格列汀(Anagliptin)、吉格列汀(Gemigliptin)、特力利汀(Teneligliptin)、美格列汀(Melogliptin)、曲格列汀(Trelagliptin)、DA-1229、Omarigliptin/MK-3102、KM-223、Evogliptin、ARI-2243、PBL-1427、哌諾沙星(Pinoxacin)。
SGLT2抑制劑,例如:Invokana/卡格列淨(Canaglifozin)、Forxiga/達格列淨(Dapagliflozin)、瑞格列净(Remoglifozin)、舍格列净(Sergliflozin)、依帕列净(Empagliflozin)、伊格列净(Ipragliflozin)、托格列淨(Tofogliflozin)、魯格列净(Luseogliflozin)、LX-4211、Ertuglifozin、/PF-04971729、RO-4998452、EGT-0001442、KGA-3235/DSP-3235、LIK066、SBM-TFC-039,雙胍類(例如美福明(Metformin)、丁福明
(Buformin)、苯乙福明(Phenformin))、噻唑烷二酮類(例如吡格列酮(Pioglitazone)、利格列酮(Rivoglitazone)、羅格列酮(Rosiglitazone)、曲格列酮(Troglitazone))、雙重PPAR促效劑(例如阿格列扎(Aleglitazar)、莫格列扎(Muraglitazar)、替格列扎(Tesaglitazar))、磺醯脲類(例如甲苯磺丁脲(Tolbutamide)、格列苯脲(Glibenclamide)、格列美脲(Glimepiride)/瑪爾胰(Amaryl)、格列吡嗪(Glipizide))、美各里替尼類(例如那格列奈(Nateglinide)、瑞格列奈(Repaglinide)、米格列奈(Mitiglinide))、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑(例如阿卡波糖(Acarbose)、米格列醇(Miglitol)、伏格列波糖(Voglibose)),澱粉素(Amylin)及澱粉素類似物(例如普蘭林肽(Pramlintide)、Symlin)。
GPR119促效劑(例如GSK-263A、PSN-821、MBX-2982、APD-597、ZYG-19、DS-8500)、GPR40促效劑(例如Fasiglifam/TAK-875、TUG-424、P-1736、JTT-851、GW9508)。
其他適宜組合夥伴為:塞克洛瑟(Cycloset)、11-β-HSD的抑制劑(例如LY2523199、BMS770767、RG-4929、BMS816336、AZD-8329、HSD-016、BI-135585)、葡萄糖激酶的活化劑(例如TTP-399、AMG-151、TAK-329、GKM-001)、DGAT的抑制劑(例如LCQ-908)、蛋白質酪胺酸磷酸酶1的抑制劑(例如曲度奎明(Trodusquemine))、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶的抑制劑、果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶的抑制劑、肝醣磷酸酶的抑制劑、磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化激酶的抑制劑、肝醣合成酶激酶的抑制劑、丙酮酸去氫酶的抑制劑、α2-拮抗劑、CCR-2拮抗劑、SGLT-1抑制劑(例如LX-2761)。
一或多種降脂劑亦適於作為組合夥伴,諸如(例如):
HMG-CoA-還原酶抑制劑(例如辛伐他汀(Simvastatin)、阿托伐他汀(Atorvastatin))、纖維酸類(例如苯扎貝特(Bezafibrate)、菲諾貝特(Fenofibrate))、菸鹼酸及其衍生物(例如菸鹼酸)、PPAR-(α、β或α/β)促效劑或調節劑(例如阿格列扎(Aleglitazar))、PPAR-δ促效劑、ACAT抑制劑(例如阿伐麥布(Avasimibe))、膽固醇吸收抑制劑(例如依折麥布(Ezetimibe))、膽酸結合物質(例如考來烯胺(Cholestyramine))、迴腸膽酸運輸蛋白抑制劑、MTP抑制劑,或PCSK9的調節劑。
HDL-升高化合物,諸如:CETP抑制劑(例如托徹普(Torcetrapib)、安塞曲匹(Anacetrapid)、達塞曲匹(Dalcetrapid)、依塞曲匹(Evacetrapid)、JTT-302、DRL-17822、TA-8995)或ABC1調節劑。
其他適宜的組合夥伴為用於治療肥胖症的一或多種活性物質,諸如(例如):西布曲明(Sibutramine)、特索芬辛(Tesofensine)、羅氏鮮(Orlistat)、大麻素-1受體的拮抗劑、MCH-1受體拮抗劑、MC4受體促效劑、NPY5或NPY2拮抗劑(例如韋利貝特(Velneperit))、β-3-促效劑、瘦素或瘦素擬似物、5HT2c受體的促效劑(例如氯卡色林(Lorcaserin)),或布普品(bupropione)/那曲酮(naltrexone)、布普品/唑尼沙胺(zonisamide)、布普品/芬特明(phentermine)或普蘭林肽/美曲普汀(metreleptin)的組合。
其他適宜的組合夥伴為:更多胃腸肽,諸如肽YY3-36(PYY3-36)或其類似物、胰多肽(PP)或其類似物。
升糖素受體促效劑或拮抗劑、GIP受體促效劑或拮抗
劑、飢餓素拮抗劑或反向促效劑、類爪蟾肽及其類似物。
此外,與影響高血壓、慢性心臟衰竭或動脈粥樣硬化的藥物組合,該等藥物為諸如(例如):血管收縮素II受體拮抗劑(例如替米沙坦(telmisartan)、坎地沙坦(candesartan)、纈沙坦(valsartan)、氯沙坦鉀(losartan)、依普羅沙坦(eprosartan)、厄貝沙坦(irbesartan)、奧美沙坦(olmesartan)、他索沙坦(tasosartan)、阿齊沙坦(azilsartan))、ACE抑制劑、ECE抑制劑、利尿劑、β-阻斷劑、鈣拮抗劑、中樞抑制降血壓藥、α-2-腎上腺素受體拮抗劑、中性胜肽內切酶的抑制劑、血小板聚集抑制劑以及的其他藥物或其適宜組合。
在另一個態樣中,本發明是有關於本發明化合物或其生理學上可接受之鹽組合至少一種上文所述之作為組合伴侶的活性物質的用途,其用以製備適於治療或預防可能受到結合至GLP-1與升糖素之受體並調節其活性而發生作用之疾病或病況的藥物。較佳在代謝症候群的疾病中,尤其是上列疾病或病況中之一者,最為尤其是糖尿病或肥胖症或其併發症。
本發明化合物或其生理學上可接受之鹽組合一或多種活性物質的使用可同時、分開或依序發生。
本發明化合物或其生理學上可接受之鹽組合另一種活性物質的使用可同時或在交錯的時間,但尤其是在一段短時間裡發生。若它們同時被投與,則兩種活性物質被一起給予患者;或它們以交錯時間被使用,則兩種活性物質在少於或等於12小時,但尤其少於或等於6小時的時間時段內被給予患者。
因此,在另一個態樣中,本發明是有關於一種藥物,
其包含本發明化合物或該一化合物之生理學上可接受之鹽與上述活性物質之至少一者作為組合夥伴的藥物,視情況一起選用一或多種惰性載劑及/或稀釋劑。
本發明化合物或其生理學上可接受之鹽或溶劑合物,以及要與其組合的其他活性物質可一起存在於一個調配物(例如錠劑或膠囊)中,或分開在兩個相同或不同調配物(例如所謂套組的部件)中。
圖1 在3週長期處理每天一次之後,s.c.投與3μg/kg及10μg/kg的化合物SEQ ID NO:10在雌性飲食誘發肥胖(DIO)C57BL/6NCrl小鼠中對於體重的影響。數據為平均值±SEM。
圖2 在3週長期處理每天一次之後,s.c.投與3μg/kg及10μg/kg的化合物SEQ ID NO:10在雌性飲食誘發肥胖(DIO)C57BL/6NCrl小鼠中對於體重的影響。體重變化計算為相對於基線的變化。數據為平均值±SEM。
圖3 以3μg/kg及10μg/kg的SEQ ID NO:10s.c.處理4週在糖尿病dbdb-小鼠中對於非禁食葡萄糖的影響,表示為相對於基線(0mmol/l,第-7天)的變化。數據為平均值±SEM。
圖4 以3μg/kg及10μg/kg的SEQ ID NO:10s.c.處理4週在糖尿病dbdb-小鼠中對於HbA1c的影響,表示為相對於基線(0%,第-7天)的變化。數據為平均值±SEM。
圖5 以3μg/kg及10μg/kg的SEQ ID NO:10s.c.處理4週在糖尿病dbdb-小鼠中對於口服葡萄糖耐受性的影響,表示為相
對於基線(t=0min,0mmol/l,就在葡萄糖投與之前)的變化。數據為平均值±SEM。
圖6 以3μg/kg及10μg/kg的SEQ ID NO:10s.c.處理4週在糖尿病dbdb-小鼠中對於口服葡萄糖耐受性的影響,表示為相葡萄糖曲線下的面積(葡萄糖-AUC)。數據為平均值±SEM。
圖7 以3μg/kg的SEQ ID NO:13s.c.處理在非禁食雌性糖尿病dbdb-小鼠中對於葡萄糖降低的影響,表示為相對於基線的變化。數據為平均值±SEM。
圖8 以1、10與100μg/kg的化合物SEQ ID NO:10s.c.投與在雌性NMRI-小鼠中對於胃排空以及腸通過的影響。數據為平均值±SEM。
a)→胃排空
b)→相對於小腸長度的小腸通過
圖9. 以3與10μg/kg的化合物SEQ ID NO:10s.c.投與在雌性NMRI-小鼠中對於22小時飼料攝取的影響。數據為平均值±SEM。*p<0.05。
使用的縮寫如下:
使用不同Rink-醯胺樹脂(4-(2’,4’-二甲氧基苯基-Fmoc-胺基甲基)-苯氧基乙醯胺基-正白胺醯基胺基甲基樹脂,Merck Biosciences;4-[(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)(Fmoc-胺基)甲基]苯氧基乙醯胺基甲基樹脂,Agilent Technologies)供合成帶有負載範圍為0.3-0.4mmol/g的肽醯胺。
經Fmoc保護的天然胺基酸是得自於Protein Technologies Inc.、Senn Chemicals、Merck Biosciences、Novabiochem、Iris Biotech或Bachem。在整個合成中使用下列標準胺基酸:Fmoc-L-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH、Fmoc-L-Asn(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-L-Asp(OtBu)-OH、Fmoc-L-Cys(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-L-Gln(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-L-Glu(OtBu)-OH、Fmoc-Gly-OH、Fmoc-L-His(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-L-Ile-OH、Fmoc-L-Leu-OH、Fmoc-L-Lys(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-L-Met-OH、Fmoc-L-Phe-OH、Fmoc-L-Pro-OH、Fmoc-L-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-L-Thr(tBu)-OH、
Fmoc-L-Trp(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-L-Tyr(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-L-Val-OH。
此外,由相同供應商購得如下特殊胺基酸:Fmoc-L-Lys(ivDde)-OH、Fmoc-L-Lys(Mmt)-OH、Fmoc-Aib-OH、Fmoc-D-Ser(tBu)-OH、Fmoc-D-Ala-OH、Boc-L-Tyr(tBu)-OH、Boc-L-His(Boc)-OH(獲得如甲苯溶劑合物)以及Boc-L-His(Trt)-OH。
例如在Prelude Peptide Synthesizer(Protein Technologies Inc)或類似的自動合成儀上使用標準Fmoc化學以及HBTU/DIPEA活化實施固相肽合成。DMF用作為溶劑。去保護:20%派啶/DMF歷時2 x 2.5min。洗滌:7 x DMF。偶合2:5:10200mM AA/500mM HBTU/2M DIPEA於DMF中2 x歷時20min。洗滌:5 x DMF。
在Lys-側鏈經修飾的情況下,在對應位置中使用Fmoc-L-Lys(ivDde)-OH或Fmoc-L-Lys(Mmt)-OH。在合成完成之後,依據經修改的文獻程序(S.R.Chhabra et al.,Tetrahedron Lett.39,(1998),1603)使用4%於DMF中的肼水合物來移除ivDde基團。Mmt基團是藉由以1%於二氯甲烷中的TFA重複處理而被移除。藉由以所要酸之N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺酯或使用偶合劑(如HBTU/DIPEA或HOBt/DIC)處理樹脂進行下列醯化。
使用金氏切割混合物(由82.5% TFA、5%苯酚、5%水、5%硫代苯甲醚、2.5% EDT構成)將所有已合成的肽從樹脂切下。接著在二甲基醚或二異丙基醚中沉澱粗製肽、離心並冷凍乾燥。藉由分析型HPLC分析肽且透過ESI質譜來檢核。粗製肽是藉由習知製備型HPLC純化程序來予以純化。
方法A:在Waters UPLC系統上使用Waters UPLC HSS 1.7μm C18管柱(2.1 x 100mm)於40℃下以在0.5mL/min流速下的梯度溶離進行分析型UPLC/MS並在215與280nm下監控。梯度設定為10% B至90% B在15分鐘內以及90% B歷時1分鐘或15% B至50% B在12.5分鐘內,然後50% B至90% B在3分鐘內。緩衝液A=0.1%甲酸於水中,而緩衝液B=0.1%甲酸於乙腈中。
使用配設有呈正離子模式之電噴霧的Waters LCT Premier飛行時間儀器作為質量分析器。
方法B:在210-225nm下偵測,視情況偶接至質量分析器Waters LCT Premier,電噴霧正離子模式
管柱:Wters ACQUITY UPLC® CSHTM C18 1.7μm(150 x 2.1mm)在50℃下
溶劑:H2O+0.5%TFA:ACN+0.35%TFA(流速0.5ml/min)
梯度:80:20(0min)至80:20(3min)至25:75(23min)至2:98(23.5min)至2:98(30.5min)至80:20(31min)至80:20(37min)
方法C:在215nm下偵測
管柱:Aeris Peptide,3.6μm,XB-C18(250 x 4.6mm)在60℃下
溶劑:H2O+0.1%TFA:ACN+0.1%TFA(流速1.5ml/min)
梯度:90:10(0min)至90:10(3min)至10:90(43min)至10:90(48min)至90:10(49min)至90:10(50min)
方法D:在214nm下偵測
管柱:Waters X-Bridge C18 3.5μm 2.1 x 150mm
溶劑:H2O+0.5%TFA:ACN(流速0.55ml/min)
梯度:90:10(0min)至40:60(5min)至1:99(15min)
方法E:在210-225nm下偵測,視情況偶接至質量分析器Waters LCT Premier,電噴霧正離子模式
管柱:Waters ACQUITY UPLC® BEHTM C18 1.7μm(150 x 2.1mm)在50℃下
溶劑:H2O+1%FA:ACN+1%FA(流速0.9ml/min)
梯度:95:5(0min)至95:5(2min)至35:65(3min)至65:35(23.5min)至5:95(24min)至95:5(26min)至95:5(30min)
在Äkta Purifier System上或在Jasco semiprep HPLC System上純化粗製肽。取決於待純化粗製肽的數量,使用不同尺寸以及不同流速的製備型RP-C18-HPLC管柱。採用乙腈+0.05至0.1% TFA(B)及水+0.05至0.1% TFA(A)作為洗提液。或者,使用由乙腈與水加上少量乙酸組成的緩衝系統。收集含有產物的溶離份並冷凍乾燥而獲得經純化的產物,通常為TFA或乙酸鹽。
在測試肽批料的溶解度與穩定性之前,測定其內容物。因此,研究兩個參數,其純度(HPLC-UV)以及批料的鹽負載量(離子層析)。
關於溶解度測試,目標濃度為1.0mg/mL純化合物。因此,從固體樣品製備於不同緩衝系統中的溶液,其濃度依據先前測定的內容物為1.0mg/mL化合物。在輕柔攪動上清液2小時之後進行HPLC-UV,上清液是藉由在4000rpm下離心20min而獲得。
接著藉由與使用肽濃度為2mg/mL之原液(於純水或
不同量乙腈中)所得UV峰面積(全部化合物溶解的光學對照)比較來決定溶解度。這個分析也作為穩定性測試的起始點(t0)。
關於穩定性測試,將溶解度所得之等份試樣上清液儲存在25℃下歷時7天。在時間過程之後,在4000rpm下離心樣品歷時20分鐘並使用HPLC-UV分析上清液。關於測定肽餘量,比較在t0與t7時的目標化合物峰面積,遵循下列等式得到”%剩餘肽”%剩餘肽=[(峰面積肽t7) x 100]/峰面積t0。
可溶性分解產物的數量是由比較所有觀察到之不純物的峰面積總和減去在t0時觀察到的峰面積總和而算出(亦即決定新形成的肽相關物質數量)。遵循下列等式,以相對於肽的起始數量來提供呈百分比相關性的這個數值:%可溶性分解產物={[(不純物的峰面積總和t7)-(不純物的峰面積總和t0)] x 100}/肽峰面積t0
”%剩餘肽”以及”可溶性分解產物%”之總和與100%的潛在差異反映在壓力條件之後未維持可溶性的肽數量,遵循下列等式:%沉澱=100-([%剩餘肽]+[%可溶性分解產物])
這個沉澱包括非可溶性分解產物、聚合物及/或纖維,其藉由離心而從分析被移除。
化學穩定性表示為”%剩餘肽”。
儀器:Dionex ICS-2000,pre/管柱:Ion Pac AG-18 2 x 50mm(Dionex)/
AS18 2 x 250mm(Dionex),洗提液:氫氧化鈉水溶
液,流速:0.38mL/min,梯度:0-6min:22mM KOH,6-12min:22-28mM KOH,12-15min:28-50mM KOH,15-20min:22mM KOH,抑制器:ASRS 3002mm,偵測:傳導性
使用方法D或E作為HPLC/UPLC方法。
化合物對於受體的促效作用是藉由功能分析測量穩定表現人類GIP、GLP-1或升糖素受體之HEK-293細胞株的cAMP反應來決定。
細胞的cAMP含量是基於HTRF(均性時差性螢光)使用來自Cisbio Corp.的套組(cat.no.62AM4PEC)測定。關於製備,細胞分至T175培養瓶中並在培養基(DMEM/10% FBS)中生長過夜至接近匯聚。接著移除培養基並以無鈣與鎂的PBS洗滌細胞,然後以accutase(Sigma-Aldrich cat.no.A6964)進行蛋白酶處理。洗滌脫離的細胞並再懸浮於分析緩衝液(1 x HBSS;20mM HEPES,0.1% BSA,2mM IBMX)中且測定細胞密度。接著將它們稀釋至400000細胞/ml並將25μl-等分試樣分配於96孔盤的孔中。關於測量,將25μl於分析緩衝液中的測試化合物添加至孔,然後在室溫下培育30分鐘。在添加稀釋於溶解緩衝液(套組組分)中的HTRF試劑之後,培育盤1小時,接著在665/620nm下測量螢光比率。促效劑的活體外效力是藉由測定產生活化50%最大反應的濃度(EC50)來進行量化。
皮下(s.c.)給予小鼠1mg/kg。將小鼠犧牲並在施用後0.25、0.5、1、2、4、8、16以及24小時之後收集血液樣品。在蛋白質沉澱之後經由液相層析質譜(LC/MS)分析血漿樣品。使用
WinonLin Version 5.2.1(非隔室模型)計算PK參數以及半衰期。
皮下(s.c.)給予雌性哥丁根迷你豬0.1mg/kg。在施用後0.25、0.5、1、2、4、8、24、32、48、56以及72小時之後收集血液樣品。在蛋白質沉澱之後經由液相層析質譜(LC/MS)分析血漿樣品。使用WinonLin Version 5.2.1(非隔室模型)計算PK參數以及半衰期。
酶穩定性測試:針對艾塞那肽-4衍生物對於人類重組蛋白酶胰蛋白酶、腦啡肽酶、血纖維蛋白溶解酶或α-胰凝乳蛋白酶的代謝的活體外研究。
以三重複的方式,在37℃下將2μM肽與個別酶在個別緩衝液(胰蛋白酶:5μg/mL於0.1M碳酸氫銨緩衝液中,pH 8.3;腦啡肽酶:0.1μg/mL於25mM Tris緩衝液中,pH 7.5;血纖維蛋白溶解酶:0.74μg/mL於0.1M碳酸氫銨緩衝液中,pH 8.3;以及α-胰凝乳蛋白酶:5μg/mL於0.1M碳酸氫銨緩衝液中,pH 8.3)中一起培育。在實驗中,GLP-1用作為陽性對照。培育是藉由將酶部分添加至經預先溫熱的緩衝溶液而開始。在0、20、60以及120min時取得等分試樣的樣品。藉由添加乙醇來中止反應。藉由LC MS/MS分析樣品。生物轉換百分比是藉由測試化合物在質譜中的耗竭程度來測量。因此,測量0h時間點(100%)相對於培育時間點的MRM離子訊號的峰面積。代謝不穩定性是提供為分解%。
方法F:AB Sciex API 4000,質量分析器:電噴霧正離子模式
管柱:Waters ACQUITY UPLC® BEHTM C18 1.7μm(150 x 2.1mm)在40℃下
溶劑:H2O+0.5%FA:ACN(流速0.6ml/min)
梯度:90:10(0min)至90:10(0.5min)至25:75(1min)至25:75(2min)至90:10(2.2min)至90:10(3min)或90:10(0min)至90:10(3min)至25:75(5min)至25:75(7.5min)至90:10(7.6min)至90:10(8min)
使用體重介於20與30g的雌性NMRI-小鼠。小鼠適應豢養環境歷時至少一週。
小鼠禁食過夜,同時維持隨時可取用水。在研究當天,將小鼠秤重,分成單一鼠籠並容許取用500mg飼料歷時30分鐘,同時撤走水。在30分鐘飼餵期間結束時,撤走剩餘的飼料並秤重。接著,皮下投與測試化合物/參考化合物或其媒劑(在對照組中)。60min之後,為容許化合物達到相關血漿暴露,經由胃管灌食將有色非熱量食團灌食至胃中。又30min後,犧牲動物並製備胃和小腸。將填滿的胃秤重、清空,小心地清潔並乾燥且再秤重。胃內容物計算為填滿的胃重量扣除清空的胃重量,表示胃排空的程度。在不強加施力的情況下將小腸拉直並測量長度。接著測量從腸的胃起端到行進至最遠的小腸內容物食團的距離。以後者距離與小腸總長度的百分比比率提供腸通過。
使用Everstat 6.0藉由單因子ANOVA,接著使用Dunnett氏作為事後檢定來進行統計分析。Dunnett氏檢定被應用於比較媒劑對照。在p<0.05程度下,差異性被認為是有統計學顯著性。
使用體重介於20與30g的雌性NMRI-小鼠。小鼠適應豢養環境歷時至少一週,且在評估裝置中適應單籠歷時至少一天,同時記錄基礎數據。在研究當天,在接近關燈期(12h關燈)皮下投與測試產物並在之後直接開始評估飼料消耗。評估包括連續監控22小時,同時將數據處理為每30分鐘的平均值。可在數天內重複這個程序。評估限制為22小時的實際原因是容許對動物再秤重,重新裝填飼料與水,並且在程序之間投與藥物。結果可評估為在22小時內的累積數據或分成30min間隔。雌性與雄性小鼠可獲得相比擬的數據。
使用Everstat 6.對重複測量值0藉由雙因子ANOVA以及Dunnett氏事後檢定來進行統計分析。在p<0.05程度下,差異性被認為是有統計學顯著性。
以12h光/暗週期將雌性C57BL/6NCrl小鼠分組豢養在無特定病原屏障設施中,小鼠可自由取用水及高脂飲食。在18週的高脂飲食之後,將小鼠分成數個處理組(n=8),以使得各組具有相似的平均體重。
年齡相匹配且任飼標準飼料的組別被納入作為標準對照組。
在實驗之前,小鼠皮下(s.c.)注射媒劑溶液並秤重歷時3天,以使得牠們適應程序。
1)在餵食DIO小鼠中對血糖的急性效用:分別在第一次投與(s.c.)媒劑(磷酸鹽緩衝溶液)或劑量為10、30以及100μg/kg的艾塞那肽-4衍生物(溶解於磷酸鹽緩衝液中)之前取得起始血液樣品。投與體積為5mL/kg。動物可取用水及其在實驗期間的對應飲食,在所有血液取樣時間點測量食物消耗。在t=0.5h、t=1h、t=2h、t=4h、t=6h、t=8h以及t=24h測量血糖濃度(方法:d-葡萄糖六碳糖激酶、溶血產物,AU640 Beckman Coulter)。在沒有麻醉的情況下藉由尾部切口進行血液採樣。
2)對體重的亞慢性效用:所有動物每天在下午,在光期結束時(12h開燈)利用媒劑或艾塞那肽-4衍生物以上述劑量s.c.處理每天一次,歷時4週。每天記錄體重。在第6以及28天,藉由核磁共振(NMR)使用Bruker minispec(Ettlingen,Germany)來測量總脂肪質量。
以12h光/暗週期將雌性C57BL/6NCrl小鼠分組豢養在無特定病原屏障設施中,小鼠可自由取用水及高脂飲食。在14週的高脂飲食之後,將小鼠分成數個處理組(n=8),以使得各組具有相似的平均體重。
年齡相匹配且任飼取用標準飼料與水的組別被納入作為標準對照組。
在實驗之前,小鼠皮下(s.c.)注射媒劑溶液並秤重歷時3天,以使得牠們適應程序。
對體重的亞慢性效用:所有動物每天在傍晚,在光期結束時(LD 12:12)利用媒劑或艾塞那肽-4衍生物以上述劑量s.c.
處理每天一次,歷時3週。每天記錄體重。
使用Everstat 6.0對重複測量值藉由雙因子ANOVA與Dunnett氏事後分析(葡萄糖型態),以及單因子ANOVA接著Dunnett氏事後檢定(體重、體脂)來進行統計分析。在p<0.05程度下,與經媒劑處理之DIO對照小鼠的差異性被認為有統計學顯著性。
9至10周大的雌性BKS.Cg-m +/+ Leprdb/J(db/db)以及BKS.Cg-m +/+ Leprdb/+(瘦鼠對照)得自於Charles River Laboratories,Germany。以12h光/暗週期將動物分組豢養在無特定病原屏障設施中,小鼠可自由取用水及齧齒動物標準飼料。適應1週後,在沒有麻醉的情況下從尾部抽取血液樣品並且測定葡萄糖(方法:d-葡萄糖六碳糖激酶、溶血產物,AU640 Beckman Coulter)以及HbA1c濃度(方法:溶血產物,Cobas6000 c501,Roche Diagnostics,Germany)。
HbA1c是醣化形式的血紅素,其濃度反映紅血球在其壽命期間所暴露之葡萄糖的平均濃度。在小鼠體內,HbA1c是在前四週期間平均血糖濃度的一個相關生物標記(小鼠中的紅血球平均壽命為~47天)。
Db/db小鼠分成數個處理組(n=8),使得各組具有相似的基線血糖以及HbA1c濃度。
1)在餵食db/db小鼠中對血糖的急性效用:分別在第一次投與(s.c.)媒劑(磷酸鹽緩衝溶液)或劑量為3、10以及100μg/kg的艾塞那肽-4衍生物(溶解於磷酸鹽緩衝液中)之前取得起始血液
樣品。投與體積為5mL/kg。動物可取用水及在實驗期間的飼料,在所有血液取樣時間點測量食物消耗。在t=0.5h、t=1h、t=2h、t=4h、t=6h、t=8h以及t=24h測量血糖濃度。在沒有麻醉的情況下藉由尾部切口進行血液採樣。雌性與雄性小鼠可得到相比擬的數據。
2)對血糖以及HbA1c的亞慢性效用:所有動物每天在下午,在光期結束時(12h開燈)利用媒劑或艾塞那肽-4衍生物以上述劑量s.c.處理每天一次歷時4週。在研究結束時,分析血液樣品(尾部,無麻醉)的葡萄糖以及HbA1c。雌性與雄性小鼠可得到相比擬的數據。
使用Everstat 6.0對重複測量值藉由雙因子ANOVA以及Dunnett氏事後分析來進行統計分析。在p<0.05程度下,與經媒劑處理之db/db對照小鼠的差異性被認為有統計學顯著性。
使用帶有平均非禁食葡萄糖數值為14.5mmol/l以及體重為37-40g的8週大雌性糖尿病dbdb-小鼠。小鼠被個別標記並使小鼠適應豢養條件歷時至少一週。
在研究開始前7天,測量非禁食葡萄糖以及HbA1c的基線值,研究開始前5天,依據其HbA1c數值將小鼠分派成數組與數個鼠籠(每個鼠籠5隻小鼠,每組10隻小鼠)以確保組別間的較低與較高值平均分布(分層)。
藉由在暗期(6pm至6am)之前3小時每天一次皮下投與來處理小鼠歷時4週。在研究第21天由尾巴頂端切割獲得血液樣
品供HbA1c之用,而在第4週中評估口服葡萄糖耐受性。口服葡萄糖耐受性試驗是在早晨沒有先前額外化合物投與的情況下完成,主要是評估長期處理以及較少急性化合物投與的效用。小鼠在口服葡萄糖投與之前禁食歷時4小時(2g/kg,t=0min)。在葡萄糖投與之前以及在之後15、30、60、90、120與180min抽取血液樣品。在最後一次取血之後恢復飼餵。結果表示為相對於基線的變化,葡萄糖為mmol/l而HbA1c為%。
使用Everstat Version 6.0基於SAS藉由單因子ANOVA,接著Dunnett氏事後檢定相對於媒劑對照來進行統計分析。在p<0.05程度下,差異性被認為有統計學顯著性。
使用平均非禁食葡萄糖數值為20-22mmol/l而體重為42g +/- 0.6g(SEM)的雌性糖尿病dbdb-小鼠。小鼠被個別標記並使小鼠適應豢養條件歷時至少一週。
在研究開始前3-5天,依據其非禁食葡萄糖數值將小鼠分派成數組與數個鼠籠(每個鼠籠4隻小鼠,每組8隻小鼠)以確保組別間的較低與較高值平均分布(分層)。在研究當天,將小鼠秤重並給藥(t=0)。就在化合物投與之前移除飼料,但水保持可取用,且在尾部切割處取出第一個血液樣品(基線)。在30、60、90、120、240、360以及480min時在尾部切割處取得更多血液樣品。
使用Everstat Version 6.0基於SAS對重複測量值藉由雙因子ANOVA,接著Dunnett氏事後檢定相對於媒劑對照來進行統計分析。在p<0.05程度下,差異性被認為有統計學顯著性。
本發明將藉由下列實例進一步說明。
在Novabiochem Rink-醯胺樹脂(4-(2’,4’-二甲氧基苯基-Fmoc-胺基甲基)-苯氧基乙醯胺基-正白胺醯基胺基甲基樹脂)上、100-200網目、負載為0.34mmol/g進行固相合成。以HBTU/DIPEA-活化來實施Fmoc-合成策略。在位置1的Boc-Tyr(tBu)-OH以及在位置14的Fmoc-Lys(ivDde)-OH被用於固相合成程序中。依據經修改的文獻程序(S.R.Chhabra et al.,Tetrahedron Lett.39,(1998),1603)使用4%於DMF中的肼水合物從樹脂上的肽切下ivDde-基團。之後,將Palm-Glu(γOSu)-OtBu偶和至被釋放的胺基。使用金氏混合物將肽從樹脂切下(D.S.King,C.G.Fields,G.B.Fields,Int.J.Peptide Protein Res.36,1990,255-266)。經由製備型HPLC在Waters管柱(Sunfire,Prep C18)上使用乙腈/水梯度(兩種緩衝液均有0.05% TFA)來純化粗產物。經純化的肽是藉由LCMS(方法B)進行分析。在峰下發現之滯留時間13.45min之質量訊號的反卷積揭示肽質量為4588.72,其與預測值4589.27相符。
在Novabiochem Rink-醯胺樹脂(4-(2’,4’-二甲氧基苯基-Fmoc-胺基甲基)-苯氧基乙醯胺基-正白胺醯基胺基甲基樹脂)上、100-200網目、負載為0.34mmol/g進行固相合成。以HBTU/DIPEA-活化來實施Fmoc-合成策略。在位置1的Boc-Tyr(tBu)-OH以及在位置14的Fmoc-Lys(ivDde)-OH被用於固相合成程序中。依據經修改的文獻程序(S.R.Chhabra et al.,Tetrahedron Lett.39,(1998),1603)使用4%於DMF中的肼水合物從樹脂上的肽切下ivDde-基團。之後,將Stea-Glu(γOSu)-OtBu偶和至被釋放的胺基。使用金氏混合物將肽從樹脂切下(D.S.King,C.G.Fields,G.B.Fields,Int.J.Peptide Protein Res.36,1990,255-266)。經由製備型HPLC在Waters管柱(Sunfire,Prep C18)上使用乙腈/水梯度(兩種緩衝液均有0.05% TFA)來純化粗產物。經純化的肽是藉由LCMS(方法E)進行分析。在峰下發現之滯留時間15.9min之質量訊號的反卷積揭示肽質量為4575.3,其與預測值4575.24相符。
在Novabiochem Rink-醯胺樹脂(4-(2’,4’-二甲氧基苯基-Fmoc-胺基甲基)-苯氧基乙醯胺基-正白胺醯基胺基甲基樹脂)上、100-200網目、負載為0.34mmol/g進行固相合成。以HBTU/DIPEA-活化來實施Fmoc-合成策略。在位置1的Boc-Tyr(tBu)-OH以及在位置14的Fmoc-Lys(ivDde)-OH被用於固相
合成程序中。依據經修改的文獻程序(S.R.Chhabra et al.,Tetrahedron Lett.39,(1998),1603)使用4%於DMF中的肼水合物從樹脂上的肽切下ivDde-基團。之後,將Stea-Glu(γOSu)-OtBu偶和至被釋放的胺基。使用金氏混合物將肽從樹脂切下(D.S.King,C.G.Fields,G.B.Fields,Int.J.Peptide Protein Res.36,1990,255-266)。經由製備型HPLC在Waters管柱(Sunfire,Prep C18)上使用乙腈/水梯度(兩種緩衝液均有0.05% TFA)來純化粗產物。經純化的肽是藉由LCMS(方法B)進行分析。在峰下發現之滯留時間16.32min之質量訊號的反卷積揭示肽質量為4588.60,其與預測值4589.27相符。
以類似的方式合成下列肽SEQ ID NO:8-13並進行特徵鑑定(方法A-E),參見表5。
如方法中所述評估肽化合物的溶解度以及化學穩定性。結果提供於表6中。
肽化合物對於GLP-1、GIP以及升糖素受體的效力是藉由將表現人類升糖素受體(hGLUC R)、人類GIP(hGIP R)以及人類GLP-1受體(hGLP-1 R)之細胞暴露於濃度遞增的列示化合物並如方法中所述測量形成的cAMP來進行測定。
對人類GIP(hGIP R)、人類GLP-1受體(hGLP-1 R)以及人類升糖素受體(hGLUC R)具有活性的艾塞那肽-4衍生物的結果顯示於表7中。
如方法中所述測定藥動學型態。計算出的T1/2以及cmax值顯示於表8中。
如方法中所述評估相對於酶分解的穩定性。結果提供於表9中。
SEQ ID NO:10在皮下處理之後於雌性飲食誘發之肥胖(DIO)C57BL/6NCrl小鼠中對於體重的亞慢性效用(預先餵食高脂飲食14週,方法2)。
雌性肥胖C57BL/6NCrl小鼠每天在傍晚,在光期結束之前(12h開燈)以3μg/kg與10μg/kg SEQ ID NO:10或媒劑皮下處理每天一次,歷時3週。每天記錄體重。
以SEQ ID NO:10處理會降低體重,而高脂飲食對照組甚至體重增加(見圖1,表10)。計算相對於基線值的體重
變化,揭示體重的劑量依賴性降低,分別在3μg/kg達到8.6%,而在10μg/kg達到14.3%(圖2)。
在四週內,雌性dbdb-小鼠皮下接受3與10μg/kg的SEQ ID NO:10或磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水(媒劑對照)每天一次。相較於媒劑對照,SEQ ID NO:10在10μg/kg劑量下傾向於降低非禁食葡萄糖(圖3)。
此外,相較於媒劑對照,SEQ ID NO:10在10μg/kg劑量下以統計學顯著的方式預防HbA1c增加(圖4;p<0.05,單因子-ANOVA,接著是Dunnett氏事後檢定)。
以SEQ ID NO:10處理會增進口服葡萄糖耐受性(圖5;表示為相對於在0min的0mmol/l進行常規化),並且葡萄糖曲線下AUC降低在10μg/kg下相較於媒劑對照達到統計顯著性(圖6;p<0.05,單因子-ANOVA,接著是Dunnett氏事後檢定)。
雌性dbdb-小鼠在時間0min時皮下接受3μg/kg的SEQ ID NO:13或磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水(媒劑對照)。化合物立刻降低葡萄糖數值(基線在20-22mmol/l),在240min時達到~12mmol/l葡萄糖降低的最大效用並維持到在480min時觀察結束(圖7)。
SEQ ID NO:13相較於媒劑對照從t=90min直到觀察結束達到葡萄糖的統計學顯著降低(p<0.05,對於重複測量為雙因子-ANOVA,接著是Dunnett氏事後檢定)。
平均重25-30g的雌性NMRI-小鼠在投與有色食團之前30分鐘皮下接受1、10以及100μg/kg的SEQ ID NO:10,或磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水(媒劑對照)。30分鐘後,完成胃內容物以及腸通過的評估(圖8)。
在這些研究中,SEQ ID NO:10分別降低腸通過達28、58與64%(p<0.0001)並增加剩餘胃內容物達1、28與68%(p<0.0001,相對於媒劑對照,1-W-ANOVA,繼而為Dunnett氏事後檢定)。
平均重25-30g的餵食雌性NMRI-小鼠直接在餵食監控之前皮下投與3μg/kg或10μg/kg的SEQ ID NO:10,或磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水(媒劑對照)。關燈期(暗期)在4小時後開始。
SEQ ID NO:10在食物攝人方面引起明顯降低,分別就3μg/kg而言在22小時後達到19%(不顯著,p=0.78),而就10μg/kg而言在研究結束時達到34%(p=0.049,2-W-ANOVA-RM同等級,事後Dunnett氏檢定)(圖9)。
<110> Sanofi
<120> 艾塞那肽-4衍生物類
<130> DE2012/178
<150> EP12306647.4
<151> 2012-12-21
<160> 13
<170> PatentIn第3.5版
<210> 1
<211> 39
<212> PRT
<213> 吉拉毒蜥
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (39)..(39)
<223> 醯胺化C-端
<400> 1
<210> 2
<211> 30
<212> PRT
<213> 智慧人
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (30)..(30)
<223> 醯胺化C-端
<400> 2
<210> 3
<211> 31
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工多肽
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (20)..(20)
<223> 在N6處經(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基衍生化的Lys
<400> 3
<210> 4
<211> 42
<212> PRT
<213> 智慧人
<400> 4
<210> 5
<211> 29
<212> PRT
<213> 智慧人
<400> 5
<210> 6
<211> 39
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工多肽
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (39)..(39)
<223> 醯胺化C-端
<400> 6
<210> 7
<211> 30
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工多肽
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (30)..(30)
<223> 醯胺化C-端
<400> 7
<210> 8
<211> 39
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工多肽
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (2)..(2)
<223> 2-甲基丙胺酸
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (14)..(14)
<223> 在N6處經(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基衍生化的Lys
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (39)..(39)
<223> 醯胺化C-端
<400> 8
<210> 9
<211> 39
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工多肽
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (2)..(2)
<223> 2-甲基丙胺酸
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (14)..(14)
<223> 在N6處經(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基衍生化的Lys
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (28)..(28)
<223> 2-甲基丙胺酸
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (39)..(39)
<223> 醯胺化C-端
<400> 9
<210> 10
<211> 39
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工多肽
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (2)..(2)
<223> 2-甲基丙胺酸
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (14)..(14)
<223> 在N6處經(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基衍生化的Lys
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (39)..(39)
<223> 醯胺化C-端
<400> 10
<210> 11
<211> 39
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工多肽
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (2)..(2)
<223> 2-甲基丙胺酸
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (14)..(14)
<223> 在N6處經(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基衍生化的Lys
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (39)..(39)
<223> 醯胺化C-端
<400> 11
<210> 12
<211> 39
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工多肽
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (2)..(2)
<223> 2-甲基丙胺酸
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (14)..(14)
<223> 在N6處經(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基衍生化的Lys
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (28)..(28)
<223> 2-甲基丙胺酸
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (39)..(39)
<223> 醯胺化C-端
<400> 12
<210> 13
<211> 39
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工多肽
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (2)..(2)
<223> 2-甲基丙胺酸
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (14)..(14)
<223> 在N6處經(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基衍生化的Lys
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (39)..(39)
<223> 醯胺化C-端
<400> 13
Claims (21)
- 一種具有式(I)的肽化合物:R1-Z-R2 (I)其中Z為具有式(II)的肽部分Tyr-Aib-X3-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Leu-Ser-X12-Gln-X14-X15-X16-X17-X18-X19-X20-X21-Phe-Ile-Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-X28-X29-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-X40 (II)X3代表選自Gln、Glu與His的胺基酸殘基,X12代表選自Ile與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X14代表具有帶有-NH2基之側鏈的胺基酸殘基,其中-NH2側鏈基經-C(O)-R5官能化,其中R5可以是包含至多50或至多100個碳原子以及視情況選自鹵素、N、O、S及/或P之雜原子的部分,X15代表選自Asp與Glu的胺基酸殘基,X16代表選自Ser、Lys、Glu與Gln的胺基酸殘基,X17代表選自Arg、Lys、Glu、Ile、Gln、Leu、Aib、Tyr與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X18代表選自Ala、Arg、Aib、Leu、Lys與Tyr的胺基酸殘基,X19代表選自Ala、Gln、Val與Aib的胺基酸殘基,X20代表選自Gln、Aib、Phe、Arg、Leu、Lys與His的胺基酸殘基,X21代表選自Asp、Glu、Tyr與Leu的胺基酸殘基,X28代表選自Asn、Ala、Aib、Arg與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X29代表選自Gly、Thr、Aib、D-Ala與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X40不存在或代表Lys, R1代表NH2,R2代表肽化合物的C端基團並選自OH與NH2,或其鹽或溶劑合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,位置X14代表帶有經官能化-NH2側鏈基的胺基酸殘基,諸如經官能化之Lys、Orn、Dab或Dap,其中-NH2側鏈基的至少一個H原子被-C(O)-R5取代,-C(O)-R5是選自(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-、4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-、4-{3-[(R)-2,5,7,8-四甲基-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-三甲基-十三基)-苯并二氫哌喃-6-基氧基羰基]-丙醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-、4-((Z)-十八烷-9-烯醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、6-[(4,4-聯苯-環己基氧基)-羥基-磷醯基氧基]-己醯基-、十六醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-(15-羧基-十五醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-{3-[3-((2S,3R,4S,5R)-5-羧基-2,3,4,5-四羥基-戊醯基胺基)-丙醯基胺基]-丙醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-{3-[(R)-2,5,7,8-四甲基-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-三甲基-十三基)-苯并二氫哌喃-6-基氧基羰基]-丙醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((9Z,12Z)-十八烷-9,12-二烯醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-[6-((2S,3R,4S,5R)-5-羧基-2,3,4,5-四羥基-戊醯基胺基)-己醯基胺基]-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((2S,3R,4S,5R)-5-羧基-2,3,4,5-四羥基-戊醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-十四醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-(11-苄氧基羰基-十一醯基胺基)-4-羧基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-[11-((2S,3R,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-五羥基-己基胺甲醯基)-十一醯基胺基]-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((Z)-十八烷-9-烯醯基 胺基)-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-(4-十二烷氧基-苯甲醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-二十一醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-二十二醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((Z)-十九烷-10-烯醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-(4-癸基氧基-苯甲醯胺基)-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-[(4'-辛基氧基-聯苯-4-羰基)-胺基]-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-(12-苯基-十二醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-二十醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、3-(3-十八醯基胺基-丙醯基胺基)-丙醯基-、3-(3-十六醯基胺基-丙醯基胺基)-丙醯基-、3-十六醯基胺基-丙醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-[(R)-4-((3R,5S,7R,8R,9R,10S,12S,13R,14R,17R)-3,7,12-三羥基-8,10,13-三甲基-十六氫-環戊并[a]菲-17-基)-戊醯基胺基]-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-[(R)-4-((3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-羥基-10,13-二甲基-十六氫-環戊并[a]菲-17-基)-戊醯基胺基]-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((9S,10R)-9,10,16-三羥基-十六醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、十四醯基-、11-羧基-十一醯基-、11-苄氧基羰基-十一醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((S)-4-羧基-4-十四醯基胺基-丁醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、6-[羥基-(萘-2-基氧基)-磷醯基氧基]-己醯基-、6-[羥基-(5-苯基-戊基氧基)-磷醯基氧基]-己醯基-、4-(萘-2-磺醯基胺基)-4-側氧基-丁醯基-、4-(聯苯-4-磺醯基胺基)-4-側氧基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基 -4-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-2-{(S)-4-羧基-2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-2-{(S)-4-羧基-2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基-、2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基-、2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基、(S)-4-羧基-4-((S)-4-羧基-4-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(19-羧基-十九醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基胺基)-丁醯基、2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(16-1H-四唑-5-基-十六醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧 基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基-、2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(16-羧基-十六醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(17-羧基-十七醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((S)-4-羧基-4-{2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[10-(4-羧基-苯氧基)-癸醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙醯基胺基}-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(7-羧基-庚醯胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(11-羧基-十一醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(13-羧基-十三醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(15-羧基-十五醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-,以及(S)-4-羧基-4-{(S)-4-羧基-4-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-羧基-4-(19-羧基-十九醯基胺基)-丁醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙醯基胺基]-丁醯基胺基}-丁醯基-,X40不存在或代表Lys。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至2項中任一項之化合物,其中X14代表Lys,其中-NH2側鏈基經選自下列基團之一者官能化:(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-、4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-、十六醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-二十一醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-((S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基胺基)-丁醯基-、3-(3-十八醯基胺基-丙醯基胺基)-丙醯基-。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物,其中X14為經C(O)-R5官能化的Lys,其中R5選自由(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基(γE-x53)以及(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基(γE-x70)組成之群。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之化合物,其中R2為NH2。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之化合物,其中該肽化合物相較於天然GIP對於GIP受體具有至少0.04%、較佳至少0.08%,更佳至少0.2%的相對活性。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項之化合物,其中該肽化合物相較於GLP-1(7-36)對於GLP-1受體展現至少0.07%、較佳至少0.1%、更佳至少0.14%、更佳至少0.35%以及又更佳至少0.4%的相對活性。
- 如申請專利範圍第6或7項中任一項之化合物,其中該肽化合物相較於天然升糖素進一步對於升糖素受體展現至少0.1%、較佳至少0.2%、更佳至少0.3%、更佳至少0.4%以及又更佳至少0.5%的相對活性。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至8項中任一項之化合物,其中 X14代表Lys,其中-NH2側鏈基經選自下列基團之一者官能化:(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-、(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至9項中任一項之化合物,其中X3代表選自Gln、His與Glu的胺基酸殘基,X12代表Ile,X14代表Lys,其中-NH2側鏈基經選自下列基團之一者官能化:(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-與(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-,X15代表Glu,X16代表選自Glu與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X17代表Glu,X18代表Ala,X19代表Val,X20代表Arg,X21代表Leu,X28代表選自Asn、Aib與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X29代表選自Gly與Thr的胺基酸殘基,X40不存在。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至10項中任一項之化合物,其中X3代表Glu,X12代表Ile,X14代表Lys,其中-NH2側鏈基經選自下列基團之一者官能化: (S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-與(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-,X15代表Glu,X16代表選自Glu與Lys的胺基酸殘基,X17代表Glu,X18代表Ala,X19代表Val,X20代表Arg,X21代表Leu,X28代表選自Asn、Aib與Ala的胺基酸殘基,X29代表Gly,X40不存在。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至11項中任一項之化合物,其中X28代表Ala,X29代表Gly。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至12項中任一項之化合物,其中X3代表Glu,X12代表Ile,X14代表Lys,其中-NH2側鏈基經-C(O)-R5官能化,其中R5選自(S)-4-羧基-4-十六醯基胺基-丁醯基-(γE-x53)與(S)-4-羧基-4-十八醯基胺基-丁醯基-(γE-x70),X15代表Glu,X16代表選自Glu與Lys的胺基酸殘基, X17代表Glu,X18代表Ala,X19代表Val,X20代表Arg,X21代表Leu,X28代表選自Asn、Ala與Aib的胺基酸殘基,X29代表Gly,X40不存在。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至13項中任一項之化合物,其選自SEQ ID NO:8-13的化合物或其鹽或溶劑合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至13項中任一項之化合物,其選自SEQ ID NO:8-10與13的化合物或其鹽或溶劑合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至15項中任一項之化合物,其用於醫學,特別是在人類醫學中。
- 如申請專利範圍第16項之化合物,其作為活性劑與至少一醫藥上可接受之載劑一起存在於醫藥組成物中。
- 如申請專利範圍第16或17項之化合物,其與至少一額外治療活性劑一起使用,其中該額外治療活性劑是選自下列系列:胰島素與胰島素類似物、GLP-1、GLP-1類似物與GLP-1受體促效劑、聚合物結合的GLP-1與GLP-1類似物、雙重GLP1/升糖素促效劑、PYY3-36或其類似物、胰多肽(PP)或其類似物、升糖素受體促效劑、GIP受體促效劑或拮抗劑、飢餓素(ghrelin)拮抗劑或反向促效劑、類爪蟾肽(Xenin)及其類似物、DPP-IV抑制劑、SGLT2抑制劑、雙重SGLT2/SGLT1抑制劑、雙胍類、噻唑烷二酮類、雙重PPAR促 效劑、磺醯脲類、美各里替尼類(Meglitinides)、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制劑、澱粉素(Amylin)及澱粉素類似物、GPR119促效劑、GPR40促效劑、GPR120促效劑、GPP142促效劑、全身性或低可吸收性TGR5促效劑、塞克洛瑟(Cycloset)、11-β-HSD的抑制劑、葡萄糖激酶的活化劑、DGAT的抑制劑、蛋白質酪胺酸磷酸酶1的抑制劑、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶的抑制劑、果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶的抑制劑、肝醣磷酸酶的抑制劑、磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化激酶的抑制劑、肝醣合成酶激酶的抑制劑、丙酮酸去氫酶的抑制劑、α2-拮抗劑、CCR-2拮抗劑、葡萄糖運輸蛋白-4的調節劑、生長抑制素受體3促效劑、HMG-CoA-還原酶抑制劑、纖維酸類、菸鹼酸及其衍生物、菸鹼酸受體1促效劑、PPAR-α、β或α/β)促效劑或調節劑、PPAR-δ促效劑、ACAT抑制劑、膽固醇吸收抑制劑、膽酸結合物質、IBAT抑制劑、MTP抑制劑、PCSK9的調節劑、依據肝臟選擇性甲狀腺素受體β促效劑的LDL受體-調高劑(up-regulators)、HDL-升高化合物、脂肪代謝調節劑、PLA2抑制劑、ApoA-I促進劑、甲狀腺素受體促效劑、膽固醇合成抑制劑、ω-3脂肪酸及其衍生物、治療肥胖症的活性物質(諸如西布曲明(Sibutramine)、特索芬辛(Tesofensine)、羅氏鮮(Orlistat))、CB-1受體拮抗劑、MCH-1拮抗劑、MC4受體促效劑與部分促效劑、NPY5或NPY2拮抗劑、NPY4促效劑、β-3-促效劑、瘦素或瘦素擬似物、5HT2c受體的促效劑、或布普品(bupropione)/那曲酮(naltrexone)(CONTRAVE)、布普品/唑尼沙胺(zonisamide)(EMPATIC)、布普品/芬特明(phentermine)或普蘭林肽(pramlintide)/美曲普汀(metreleptin)的組合、QNEXA(芬特明+托比拉邁(topiramate))、脂肪酶抑制劑、血管新生抑制劑、H3拮抗劑、AgRP 抑制劑、三單胺吸收抑制劑(正腎上腺素與乙醯膽鹼)、MetAP2抑制劑、鈣離子通道阻斷劑地爾硫卓(diltiazem)的鼻調配物、對抗纖維母細胞生長因子受體4生成的反義物(antisense)、抑制素(prohibitin)靶定肽-1、影響高血壓、慢性心臟衰竭或動脈粥樣硬化的藥物,諸如血管收縮素II受體拮抗劑、ACE抑制劑、ECE抑制劑、利尿劑、β-阻斷劑、鈣拮抗劑、中樞作用性高血壓藥、α-2-腎上腺素受體的拮抗劑、中性胜肽內切酶的抑制劑、血小板聚集抑制劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第16或17項之化合物,其與至少一額外治療活性劑一起使用,其中該額外治療活性劑尤其為GLP-1促效劑及/或胰島素或胰島素類似物及/或胃腸肽。
- 如申請專利範圍第16至19項中任一項之化合物,其用於治療或預防高血糖症、第2型糖尿病、葡萄糖耐受不良、第1型糖尿病、肥胖症、代謝症候群與神經退化性病症,尤其是在第2型糖尿病中延遲或預防疾病進展、治療代謝症候群、治療肥胖症或預防過重、用以減少食物攝取、增加能量消耗、降低體重、延遲葡萄糖耐受不良(IGT)進展至第2型糖尿病;延遲從第2型糖尿病進展至需要胰島素的糖尿病;調節食慾;引起飽足感;在成功體重減輕後預防體重再增加;治療與過重或肥胖症有關的疾病或狀態;治療暴食症;治療狂食;治療動脈粥樣硬化、高血壓、IGT、血脂異常、冠心病、脂肪肝、治療貝他-阻斷劑中毒、用以抑制胃腸道活動、可使用諸如X射線、CT以及NMR掃描的技術用於與胃腸道有關的研究中。
- 如申請專利範圍第16至20項中任一項之化合物,其用於治療或預防高血糖症、第2型糖尿病、肥胖症與代謝症候群或降低體重。
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI600663B (zh) * | 2012-12-21 | 2017-10-01 | 賽諾菲公司 | 雙重glp1/gip或三重glp1/gip/昇糖素促效劑 |
TWI602828B (zh) * | 2012-12-21 | 2017-10-21 | 賽諾菲公司 | 功能化艾塞那肽-4(Exendin-4)衍生物 |
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