WO2006017888A1 - Apparatus and method for cooling of air - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for cooling of air Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2006017888A1
WO2006017888A1 PCT/AU2005/001219 AU2005001219W WO2006017888A1 WO 2006017888 A1 WO2006017888 A1 WO 2006017888A1 AU 2005001219 W AU2005001219 W AU 2005001219W WO 2006017888 A1 WO2006017888 A1 WO 2006017888A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wind turbine
wind
housing
refrigerant
compressor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2005/001219
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Maxwell Edmund Whisson
Original Assignee
Water Un Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2004904593A external-priority patent/AU2004904593A0/en
Application filed by Water Un Limited filed Critical Water Un Limited
Priority to US11/660,290 priority Critical patent/US20070204633A1/en
Priority to CA002577158A priority patent/CA2577158A1/en
Priority to AU2005274673A priority patent/AU2005274673A1/en
Priority to MX2007001877A priority patent/MX2007001877A/en
Priority to BRPI0515188-0A priority patent/BRPI0515188A/en
Priority to EP05771802A priority patent/EP1794512A1/en
Publication of WO2006017888A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006017888A1/en
Priority to IL181204A priority patent/IL181204A0/en
Priority to EGNA2007000169 priority patent/EG24438A/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0003—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by using heat-exchange surfaces for indirect contact between gases or vapours and the cooling medium
    • B01D5/0015—Plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
    • B01D5/0084—Feeding or collecting the cooling medium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
    • B01D5/009—Collecting, removing and/or treatment of the condensate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C11/00—Combinations of two or more machines or engines, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type
    • F01C11/006—Combinations of two or more machines or engines, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type of dissimilar working principle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/28—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being a pump or a compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B3/00—Self-contained rotary compression machines, i.e. with compressor, condenser and evaporator rotating as a single unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C17/00—Arrangements for drive of co-operating members, e.g. for rotary piston and casing
    • F01C17/02—Arrangements for drive of co-operating members, e.g. for rotary piston and casing of toothed-gearing type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/02—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
    • F04C18/0207—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form
    • F04C18/023—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form where both members are moving
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/30—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C18/34—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F04C18/356—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the outer member
    • F04C18/3562—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the outer member the inner and outer member being in contact along one line or continuous surfaces substantially parallel to the axis of rotation
    • F04C18/3564—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the outer member the inner and outer member being in contact along one line or continuous surfaces substantially parallel to the axis of rotation the surfaces of the inner and outer member, forming the working space, being surfaces of revolution
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for cooling air.
  • a wind turbine apparatus for cooling of air characterised by comprising a wind turbine axially connected to a refrigeration compressor arranged to compress refrigerant, means for conducting compressed refrigerant centrifugally outwards, means for causing the compressed refrigerant to lose pressure so as to cool blades of the wind turbine, and means for returning spent refrigerant centripetally to the compressor.
  • a method of condensing water from ambient air which comprises driving, by means of ambient wind, a wind turbine apparatus in accordance with the present invention mounted in a duct by ambient wind so as to cause blades of the wind turbine to be cooled and to thereby cool ambient wind air passing through the duct and the wind turbine, and causing water vapour in the ambient wind air to condense to form liquid water, and collecting the liquid water.
  • a wind turbine having at least one blade mounted to a compressor housing mounted on a shaft for axial rotation relative to the shaft, and means for conducting compressed refrigerant outward centrifugally and means for returning the refrigerant centripetally through the or each blade with loss of pressure and change of phase from liquid to gas so as to cool the or each blade.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of a wind turbine of the present invention showing a single turbine blade
  • Figure 2 is a further schematic plan view similar to Figure 1 showing a plurality of turbine blades
  • Figure 3 is a schematic side elevation of a first embodiment of an apparatus to convey air in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3 showing a second embodiment of an apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a side elevation of a third embodiment of an apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of a further embodiment of a wind turbine of the present invention as used in the third embodiment of apparatus illustrated in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a side elevation of a fourth embodiment of an apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a plan view of a yet further embodiment of a wind turbine of the present invention used in the fourth embodiment of apparatus illustrated in Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic side elevation of a compressor used in the air cooling apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic side'elevation of a further embodiment of a compressor used in the air cooling apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figures 1 Ia, b, c and d are various views of the compressor of Figure 10;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic side elevation of a yet further embodiment of a compressor used in the air cooling apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a view similar to Figure 3 showing a fifth embodiment of an apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figures 14A, 14B and 14C show schematically a scroll refrigerant compressor useful in the present invention in various positions;
  • Figure 15A is a plan view of an alternative form of scroll compressor useful in the present invention.
  • Figure 15B is a side view of the scroll compressor of Figure 15 A.
  • a wind turbine apparatus 10 comprising a central shaft 12 having a compressor 13 comprising a housing 14 mounted thereabout.
  • the compressor housing 14 is arranged to rotate axially relative to the shaft 12.
  • a plurality of turbine blades 16 are mounted to the compressor housing 14.
  • a tube 18 extends outwardly from the housing 14 to a peripheral cooling coil 20.
  • a convoluted pipe 22 extends from the cooling coil 20 back to the housing 14.
  • the turbine blade 16 is caused to rotate axially about the shaft 12 by the kinetic energy of ambient wind air. Rotation of the blade 16 causes rotation of the compressor housing 14 and refrigerant in the compressor housing 14 to be compressed so as to undergo a phase change from gas to liquid. The compressed liquid refrigerant flows outwardly driven by the compressor and assisted by centrifugal force along the tube 18 to the cooling coil 20 which acts as a manifold.
  • the refrigerant has to travel almost in a complete circle to reach the pipe 22. This enables the compressed refrigerant to be cooled during its residence in the cooling coil 20.
  • the refrigerant leaves the cooling coil 20 through the constriction 23 which leads into the pipe 22. At this point the refrigerant undergoes a rapid loss of pressure and thus evaporates back to the gaseous phase and causes the blade 16 to be cooled. The spent refrigerant then passes centripetally back to the housing 14 on a low pressure line of the compressor 13. The cooling of the blade 16 causes ambient wind air to be cooled which has useful effects as will be described.
  • FIG 2 there is shown an apparatus 30 similar to that in Figure 1.
  • a plurality of turbine blades 16 a plurality of tubes 18, a cooling coil 20 and a plurality of pipes 22.
  • the compressed refrigerant passes along the tubes 18 to the cooling coil 20.
  • the compressed refrigerant passes through a plurality of short tubes 28 to an inner manifold 26.
  • the compressed refrigerant passes through the constrictions 23 into the tubes 22 as described hereinabove.
  • the compressed refrigerant does not enter the tubes 22 directly and therefore is cooled by its residence in the cooling coil 20 and the tubes 28 and the inner manifold 26.
  • FIG 3 there is shown an apparatus 40 which comprises a wind turbine 10. There is also shown a respective inner manifold 26 adjacent an outer end of each blade 16. The compressed liquid refrigerant passes initially from the cooling coil 20 to each inner manifold 26 through short tubes 28. The refrigerant then passes through constrictions 23 into the pipes 22 as described hereinabove.
  • a wind collecting duct 42 and an outlet condensation chamber 44 includes an outer wide portion 46 and an inner relatively narrow portion 48.
  • the combination of the wide portion 46 and the narrow portion 48 increases air velocity in the duct 42.
  • Ambient wind air blowing in the direction of an arrow 50 flows through the wind turbine 10 so as to cause the latter to rotate such that the blades 16 are cooled.
  • This causes the air temperature to fall below the condensation point or dew point and water vapour to condense from the ambient air to form liquid water.
  • baffles 52 which impede the flow of air and induce liquid water to collect thereon.
  • the liquid water flows from the baffles 52 onto a sloping floor portion 54 from which the liquid water flows into a collection trough 56.
  • the cooled air from which water has been removed is exhausted through an upper outlet 58.
  • the coil 20 is located externally of the duct 42 so that heat lost from the compressed refrigerant is dispersed into the ambient air rather than inside the duct Al.
  • FIG 4 there is shown an apparatus 60 similar to that in Figure 3, except that an inlet 62 is lowermost and is provided with flaps 64.
  • the flaps 64 are only opened, as shown, on the windward side of the apparatus 60.
  • Wind air flows upwardly through the turbine 10 and then through a condensation chamber 66 to exhaust through a top vent 68.
  • liquid water collects on baffles 52 and then flows along a sloping floor 54 to collect in a trough 56.
  • FIG 5 there is shown an apparatus 70 similar to that in Figure 4, except that the exhaust vent 68 is provided with an additional wind turbine 72 to reduce pressure in the exhaust vent 68 and enhance removal of exhaust air. Power obtained from the wind turbine is availablefor any useful purpose.
  • Li Figure 6 there is shown a wind turbine 10 having wind guides 62 with flaps 64 between adjacent pairs of wind guides 62.
  • the flaps 64 are arranged to be opened as shown by the wider oblong shape when the flaps face in the direction of the ambient wind.
  • an apparatus 80 having a funnel 82 at an intermediate level and a downwardly directed deviation device 84.
  • the device 84 is arranged to pivot about a substantially vertical axis so as to orientate itself, in use, into a position which is most effective in directing the ambient wind air through a wind turbine 10. Cooled air can then enter a condensation chamber 86 below the wind turbine 10 and deposit moisture on baffles 88. The deposited moisture can then flow into a collection trough 90. The cooled air depleted of moisture can then pass upwardly to an upper vent 92.
  • a wind turbine 10 similar to that shown in Figure 7. As shown, the device 84 faces the incoming ambient wind. The wind air is directed into the wind turbine 10.
  • FIG. 9 there is shown a preferred form of compressor 90 of the present invention.
  • the compressor 90 has a central rotating cylindrical hub or housing 92 on which is mounted the blades 16 and refrigerant carrying tubes of the wind turbine 10 as described herein.
  • the compressor 90 includes compressor blades 94 mounted on a drive shaft 96.
  • the blades 94 are arranged to be driven at high speed by a gear train 98 fitted to an inner wall of the hub 92. Used refrigerant returning centripetally to the compressor 90 as described above is recompressed and sent out centrifugally as described above.
  • FIG 10 there is shown an alternative form of compressor 100 mounted within a cylindrical hub or housing 102.
  • refrigerant is displaced by a roller 104 mounted eccentrically on a shaft 106 relative to a main shaft 108 of the compressor 100.
  • the compressor 100 operates as follows.
  • the compressor 100 comprises a central shaft 101 having an eccentric 102 mounted thereon.
  • a rotatable housing 103 is mounted about the eccentric 102.
  • a tube 104 leads away from the housing 103 and a pipe 105 leads into the housing 103.
  • a spring biased vane 106 extends through a wall of the housing 103 and contacts an outer surface of the eccentric 102. Rotation of the housing 103 causes refrigerant contained therein to be compressed and exited through the tube 104. Similarly, used refrigerant returns to the housing 103 through the pipe 105. This is facilitated by the vane 106 which is spring biased into engagement with the outer surface of the eccentric 102.
  • FIG. 12 there is shown a further alternative form of compressor 120 mounted within a cylindrical hub 122.
  • refrigerant is contained in an elastic chamber 124.
  • the chamber 124 is alternately contracted and expanded. This is done by eccentric discs 126 fixedly mounted on a central shaft 128.
  • Each disc 126 has a circular channel 130 formed on an inner side thereof.
  • a slidable bearing 132 is mounted in each channel 130.
  • a respective rod 134 extends from each bearing 132 to a respective end plate 136 of the chamber 124.
  • Each rod 134 is constrained by a circular guide member 138.
  • a hub 122 rotates axially about the shaft 128 and the chamber 124 rotates with the hub 122.
  • This movement causes the bearings 132 to slide in the channels 130 and the rods 134 to reciprocate correspondingly in the guide member 138.
  • the chamber 124 is expanded and retracted so alternately compressing and driving out compressed refrigerant through a one way valve 140 and allowing ingress of used refrigerant through a one way valve 142.
  • FIG 13 there is shown a wind turbine apparatus 130 which is similar to that shown in Figures 4 and 5.
  • wind funnels 132 are arranged to direct ambient wind air over a water surface 134.
  • the water may be brackish or fresh water.
  • the wind air then passes upwardly through an upright tube 136 (or a sloping duct on a hillside) to pass through a wind turbine 10 and thence a condensation chamber 138 having baffles 52 and a sloping floor 54 from which water flows into a collection trough 56.
  • Exhaust air is vented through an outlet 58.
  • Absolute humidity of air entering the apparatus 130 increases and the density of the air is therefore lowered.
  • flow of air due to the wind is augmented by convection as the wet air rises to the wind turbine 10.
  • refrigeration compressor used in the apparatus of the present inventions could be in the form of a scroll compressor.
  • FIG 14 there is shown a scroll compressor 150 having a housing 151 having mounted therein a circular plate 152. Further, an internal ring gear 154 mounted on a wind turbine axial shaft (not shown) extends around the internal periphery of the housing 151. Turbine blades 16 are mounted to the housing 151 and cause wind to effect axial rotation of the housing 151 on a fixed shaft (not shown).
  • the housing 151 is rotated, in use, by rotation of blades of a wind turbine as described hereinabove.
  • the scroll compressor 150 is mounted on a bearing on the fixed axial shaft (not shown).
  • One scroll 156 is attached to the housing 151 whilst another 158 is driven by three planetary gears 160 mounted on the housing 151 disposed at the apex of an equilateral triangle.
  • the gears 160 are driven by the ring gear 154.
  • the scroll 158 may be described as a wobbling scroll.
  • the gears 160 are asymmetrically connected to the plate 152 by means of respective pivotal connections 162.
  • the housing 151 is axially rotated by the wind turbine. This causes the planetary gears to be turned by engagement with the fixed ring gear 154. This causes the ring gear 154 to rotate and thereby cause rotation of the planetary gears 160. Rotation of the planetary gears 160 causes the platel52 to move in a wobbling motion which causes the scroll 158 to move correspondingly.
  • FIGS 15A and 15B there is shown an alternative arrangement of scroll compressor 180 useful in the present invention compared to the scroll compressor of Figure 14. Like reference numerals denote like parts. It should be noted in Figure 15A that only the scroll 158 is shown.
  • central shaft 182 having mounted thereon a housing 184.
  • the housing is mounted on a bearing on the shaft 182.
  • the shaft 182 may or may not be continuous.
  • a central gear wheel 186 is fixedly mounted about the shaft 182.
  • the gear wheel 186 is connected to three planetary gears 188.
  • one scroll 156 is fixed to the housing 184 by any suitable means such as an end plate (not shown).
  • the other scroll 158 is mounted on an end plate 190 and is connected to the planetary gears 188 through eccentric pins 192.
  • the shaft 182 and the gear wheel 186 are fixed in position.
  • the housing 184 is arranged to rotate about the shaft 182 as described hereinabove.
  • the planetary gears 188 engage with the gear wheel 186 and are thereby caused to rotate as the housing 184 rotates. This rotation of the planetary gears 188 causes the scroll 158 to move on the plates 190 by means of the pins 192 such that the scroll 158 undergoes a wobbly motion as described hereinabove.

Abstract

A wind turbine apparatus (40) for cooling of air having a wind turbine (10) axially connected to a refrigeration compressor (13) arranged to compress refrigerant, means (18) for conducting compressed refrigerant centrifugally outwards, means for causing the compressed refrigerant to lose pressure (23) so as to cool fades (16) of the wind turbine (10), and means for returning spent refrigerant centripetally to the compressor (13).

Description

TITLE
"APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR COOLING OF AIR"
FIELP OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for cooling air.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided a wind turbine apparatus for cooling of air characterised by comprising a wind turbine axially connected to a refrigeration compressor arranged to compress refrigerant, means for conducting compressed refrigerant centrifugally outwards, means for causing the compressed refrigerant to lose pressure so as to cool blades of the wind turbine, and means for returning spent refrigerant centripetally to the compressor.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of condensing water from ambient air, which comprises driving, by means of ambient wind, a wind turbine apparatus in accordance with the present invention mounted in a duct by ambient wind so as to cause blades of the wind turbine to be cooled and to thereby cool ambient wind air passing through the duct and the wind turbine, and causing water vapour in the ambient wind air to condense to form liquid water, and collecting the liquid water.
In accordance with a yet further aspect of the present invention there is provided a wind turbine having at least one blade mounted to a compressor housing mounted on a shaft for axial rotation relative to the shaft, and means for conducting compressed refrigerant outward centrifugally and means for returning the refrigerant centripetally through the or each blade with loss of pressure and change of phase from liquid to gas so as to cool the or each blade. PEgCEIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of a wind turbine of the present invention showing a single turbine blade;
Figure 2 is a further schematic plan view similar to Figure 1 showing a plurality of turbine blades;
Figure 3 is a schematic side elevation of a first embodiment of an apparatus to convey air in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3 showing a second embodiment of an apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 5 is a side elevation of a third embodiment of an apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 6 is a plan view of a further embodiment of a wind turbine of the present invention as used in the third embodiment of apparatus illustrated in Figure 5;
Figure 7 is a side elevation of a fourth embodiment of an apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 8 is a plan view of a yet further embodiment of a wind turbine of the present invention used in the fourth embodiment of apparatus illustrated in Figure 7;
Figure 9 is a schematic side elevation of a compressor used in the air cooling apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 10 is a schematic side'elevation of a further embodiment of a compressor used in the air cooling apparatus of the present invention;
Figures 1 Ia, b, c and d are various views of the compressor of Figure 10;
Figure 12 is a schematic side elevation of a yet further embodiment of a compressor used in the air cooling apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 13 is a view similar to Figure 3 showing a fifth embodiment of an apparatus of the present invention;
Figures 14A, 14B and 14C show schematically a scroll refrigerant compressor useful in the present invention in various positions; Figure 15A is a plan view of an alternative form of scroll compressor useful in the present invention; and
Figure 15B is a side view of the scroll compressor of Figure 15 A.
PEgCMPTION OF THE INVENTION
In Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings, there is shown a wind turbine apparatus 10 comprising a central shaft 12 having a compressor 13 comprising a housing 14 mounted thereabout. The compressor housing 14 is arranged to rotate axially relative to the shaft 12. Further, a plurality of turbine blades 16 (only one of which is shown) are mounted to the compressor housing 14. As shown, a tube 18 extends outwardly from the housing 14 to a peripheral cooling coil 20. A convoluted pipe 22 extends from the cooling coil 20 back to the housing 14. There is a constriction 23 at a part in the pipe 22 adjacent the cooling coil 20.
hi use, the turbine blade 16 is caused to rotate axially about the shaft 12 by the kinetic energy of ambient wind air. Rotation of the blade 16 causes rotation of the compressor housing 14 and refrigerant in the compressor housing 14 to be compressed so as to undergo a phase change from gas to liquid. The compressed liquid refrigerant flows outwardly driven by the compressor and assisted by centrifugal force along the tube 18 to the cooling coil 20 which acts as a manifold.
As shown, the refrigerant has to travel almost in a complete circle to reach the pipe 22. This enables the compressed refrigerant to be cooled during its residence in the cooling coil 20.
The refrigerant leaves the cooling coil 20 through the constriction 23 which leads into the pipe 22. At this point the refrigerant undergoes a rapid loss of pressure and thus evaporates back to the gaseous phase and causes the blade 16 to be cooled. The spent refrigerant then passes centripetally back to the housing 14 on a low pressure line of the compressor 13. The cooling of the blade 16 causes ambient wind air to be cooled which has useful effects as will be described.
In Figure 2, there is shown an apparatus 30 similar to that in Figure 1. In Figure 2 there can be seen a plurality of turbine blades 16, a plurality of tubes 18, a cooling coil 20 and a plurality of pipes 22. In this embodiment, the compressed refrigerant passes along the tubes 18 to the cooling coil 20. From the cooling coil 20 the compressed refrigerant passes through a plurality of short tubes 28 to an inner manifold 26. From the inner manifold 26 the compressed refrigerant passes through the constrictions 23 into the tubes 22 as described hereinabove. Thus the compressed refrigerant does not enter the tubes 22 directly and therefore is cooled by its residence in the cooling coil 20 and the tubes 28 and the inner manifold 26.
In Figure 3, there is shown an apparatus 40 which comprises a wind turbine 10. There is also shown a respective inner manifold 26 adjacent an outer end of each blade 16. The compressed liquid refrigerant passes initially from the cooling coil 20 to each inner manifold 26 through short tubes 28. The refrigerant then passes through constrictions 23 into the pipes 22 as described hereinabove.
Further, there is shown in Figure 3, a wind collecting duct 42 and an outlet condensation chamber 44. The duct 42 includes an outer wide portion 46 and an inner relatively narrow portion 48. The combination of the wide portion 46 and the narrow portion 48 increases air velocity in the duct 42.
Ambient wind air blowing in the direction of an arrow 50 flows through the wind turbine 10 so as to cause the latter to rotate such that the blades 16 are cooled. This causes the air temperature to fall below the condensation point or dew point and water vapour to condense from the ambient air to form liquid water. This is enhanced by the presence of baffles 52 which impede the flow of air and induce liquid water to collect thereon. The liquid water flows from the baffles 52 onto a sloping floor portion 54 from which the liquid water flows into a collection trough 56. The cooled air from which water has been removed is exhausted through an upper outlet 58. As can be seen in Figure 3, the coil 20 is located externally of the duct 42 so that heat lost from the compressed refrigerant is dispersed into the ambient air rather than inside the duct Al.
In Figure 4, there is shown an apparatus 60 similar to that in Figure 3, except that an inlet 62 is lowermost and is provided with flaps 64. In this case, the flaps 64 are only opened, as shown, on the windward side of the apparatus 60. Wind air flows upwardly through the turbine 10 and then through a condensation chamber 66 to exhaust through a top vent 68. Once again liquid water collects on baffles 52 and then flows along a sloping floor 54 to collect in a trough 56.
In Figure 5, there is shown an apparatus 70 similar to that in Figure 4, except that the exhaust vent 68 is provided with an additional wind turbine 72 to reduce pressure in the exhaust vent 68 and enhance removal of exhaust air. Power obtained from the wind turbine is availablefor any useful purpose.
Li Figure 6, there is shown a wind turbine 10 having wind guides 62 with flaps 64 between adjacent pairs of wind guides 62. The flaps 64 are arranged to be opened as shown by the wider oblong shape when the flaps face in the direction of the ambient wind.
In Figure 7, there is shown an alternative form of the apparatus of the present invention.
In this Figure there is shown an apparatus 80 having a funnel 82 at an intermediate level and a downwardly directed deviation device 84. The device 84 is arranged to pivot about a substantially vertical axis so as to orientate itself, in use, into a position which is most effective in directing the ambient wind air through a wind turbine 10. Cooled air can then enter a condensation chamber 86 below the wind turbine 10 and deposit moisture on baffles 88. The deposited moisture can then flow into a collection trough 90. The cooled air depleted of moisture can then pass upwardly to an upper vent 92. In Figure 8, there is shown a wind turbine 10 similar to that shown in Figure 7. As shown, the device 84 faces the incoming ambient wind. The wind air is directed into the wind turbine 10.
In Figure 9, there is shown a preferred form of compressor 90 of the present invention. The compressor 90 has a central rotating cylindrical hub or housing 92 on which is mounted the blades 16 and refrigerant carrying tubes of the wind turbine 10 as described herein. The compressor 90 includes compressor blades 94 mounted on a drive shaft 96. The blades 94 are arranged to be driven at high speed by a gear train 98 fitted to an inner wall of the hub 92. Used refrigerant returning centripetally to the compressor 90 as described above is recompressed and sent out centrifugally as described above.
In Figure 10 there is shown an alternative form of compressor 100 mounted within a cylindrical hub or housing 102. In this embodiment refrigerant is displaced by a roller 104 mounted eccentrically on a shaft 106 relative to a main shaft 108 of the compressor 100.
As shown in Figures 11a, lib, lie and Hd, the compressor 100 operates as follows. The compressor 100 comprises a central shaft 101 having an eccentric 102 mounted thereon. A rotatable housing 103 is mounted about the eccentric 102. A tube 104 leads away from the housing 103 and a pipe 105 leads into the housing 103. A spring biased vane 106 extends through a wall of the housing 103 and contacts an outer surface of the eccentric 102. Rotation of the housing 103 causes refrigerant contained therein to be compressed and exited through the tube 104. Similarly, used refrigerant returns to the housing 103 through the pipe 105. This is facilitated by the vane 106 which is spring biased into engagement with the outer surface of the eccentric 102.
hi Figure 12 there is shown a further alternative form of compressor 120 mounted within a cylindrical hub 122. hi this embodiment refrigerant is contained in an elastic chamber 124. The chamber 124 is alternately contracted and expanded. This is done by eccentric discs 126 fixedly mounted on a central shaft 128. Each disc 126 has a circular channel 130 formed on an inner side thereof. A slidable bearing 132 is mounted in each channel 130. A respective rod 134 extends from each bearing 132 to a respective end plate 136 of the chamber 124. Each rod 134 is constrained by a circular guide member 138.
In use, a hub 122 rotates axially about the shaft 128 and the chamber 124 rotates with the hub 122. This movement causes the bearings 132 to slide in the channels 130 and the rods 134 to reciprocate correspondingly in the guide member 138. hi this way the chamber 124 is expanded and retracted so alternately compressing and driving out compressed refrigerant through a one way valve 140 and allowing ingress of used refrigerant through a one way valve 142.
In Figure 13, there is shown a wind turbine apparatus 130 which is similar to that shown in Figures 4 and 5. In this embodiment, wind funnels 132 are arranged to direct ambient wind air over a water surface 134. The water may be brackish or fresh water. The wind air then passes upwardly through an upright tube 136 (or a sloping duct on a hillside) to pass through a wind turbine 10 and thence a condensation chamber 138 having baffles 52 and a sloping floor 54 from which water flows into a collection trough 56. Exhaust air is vented through an outlet 58. Absolute humidity of air entering the apparatus 130 increases and the density of the air is therefore lowered. Thus, flow of air due to the wind is augmented by convection as the wet air rises to the wind turbine 10.
It is also envisaged that the refrigeration compressor used in the apparatus of the present inventions could be in the form of a scroll compressor.
This embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in Figures 14A, 14B andl4C of the accompanying drawings.
In Figure 14 there is shown a scroll compressor 150 having a housing 151 having mounted therein a circular plate 152. Further, an internal ring gear 154 mounted on a wind turbine axial shaft (not shown) extends around the internal periphery of the housing 151. Turbine blades 16 are mounted to the housing 151 and cause wind to effect axial rotation of the housing 151 on a fixed shaft (not shown).
The housing 151 is rotated, in use, by rotation of blades of a wind turbine as described hereinabove.
As indicated above, the scroll compressor 150 is mounted on a bearing on the fixed axial shaft (not shown). One scroll 156 is attached to the housing 151 whilst another 158 is driven by three planetary gears 160 mounted on the housing 151 disposed at the apex of an equilateral triangle. The gears 160 are driven by the ring gear 154. The scroll 158 may be described as a wobbling scroll.
The gears 160 are asymmetrically connected to the plate 152 by means of respective pivotal connections 162. hi use the housing 151 is axially rotated by the wind turbine. This causes the planetary gears to be turned by engagement with the fixed ring gear 154. This causes the ring gear 154 to rotate and thereby cause rotation of the planetary gears 160. Rotation of the planetary gears 160 causes the platel52 to move in a wobbling motion which causes the scroll 158 to move correspondingly.
As shown in Figures 14A to 14C this causes gaps between the two scrolls 156 and 158 to be alternately opened up and closed in a progressive manner. This action leads to compression of refrigerant vapour contained between the scrolls such that the vapour is subjected to increased pressure and is converted to liquid form.
As described hereinabove, the compressed liquid refrigerant is thus urged outwardly of the compressor housing 151 through a tube (not shown) by centrifugal force. Further, as described hereinabove, the spent refrigerant returns through pipes (not shown) to the interior of housing 151 where it enters the gap between the scrolls 156 and 158. In Figures 15A and 15B there is shown an alternative arrangement of scroll compressor 180 useful in the present invention compared to the scroll compressor of Figure 14. Like reference numerals denote like parts. It should be noted in Figure 15A that only the scroll 158 is shown.
In this embodiment there is a central shaft 182 having mounted thereon a housing 184. The housing is mounted on a bearing on the shaft 182. The shaft 182 may or may not be continuous. A central gear wheel 186 is fixedly mounted about the shaft 182. The gear wheel 186 is connected to three planetary gears 188.
Further, as can be seen in Figure 15B one scroll 156 is fixed to the housing 184 by any suitable means such as an end plate (not shown). The other scroll 158 is mounted on an end plate 190 and is connected to the planetary gears 188 through eccentric pins 192.
The shaft 182 and the gear wheel 186 are fixed in position. The housing 184 is arranged to rotate about the shaft 182 as described hereinabove. The planetary gears 188 engage with the gear wheel 186 and are thereby caused to rotate as the housing 184 rotates. This rotation of the planetary gears 188 causes the scroll 158 to move on the plates 190 by means of the pins 192 such that the scroll 158 undergoes a wobbly motion as described hereinabove.
Modifications and variations as would be apparent to a skilled addressee are deemed to be within the scope of the present invention

Claims

1. A wind turbine apparatus for cooling of air characterised by comprising a wind turbine axially connected to a refrigeration compressor arranged to compress refrigerant, means for conducting compressed refrigerant centrifugally outwards, means for causing the compressed refrigerant to lose pressure so as to cool blades of the wind turbine, and means for returning spent refrigerant centripetally to the compressor.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the apparatus comprises a central shaft and the refrigeration compressor has a housing which is mounted about the shaft, the compressor housing being arranged to rotate axially relative to the shaft.
3. An apparatus according to claim 2, characterised in that a plurality of turbine blades are mounted on the housing and extend away therefrom.
4. An apparatus according to claim 3, characterised in that tube means extends outwardly from the housing and interconnects with a peripheral coil.
5. An apparatus according to claim 4, characterised in that the coil is disposed externally of the apparatus so as to radiate heat to the ambient air
6. An apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that a respective return pipe extends from the coil through one or more turbine blades, the or each return pipe being provided adjacent the coil with a constriction so as to cause the refrigerant to undergo loss of pressure and the turbine blades to be cooled, the spent refrigerant then returning centripetally back to the housing on a low pressure side of the compressor.
7. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that there is provided a wind collecting device into which ambient wind air flows, the wind collecting device contains the wind turbine and the ambient wind air causes the wind turbine to rotate so as to cause refrigerant to be compressed by the refrigeration compressor and to flow outwardly under centrifugal force and return centripetally to the refrigeration compressor to cause cooling of the blades so as to cause water vapour in the ambient wind air to condense to form liquid water.
8. An apparatus according to claim 7, characterised in that the wind collecting device comprises an inlet funnel upstream of the wind turbine and an outlet condensation chamber downstream of the wind turbine, and an intermediate portion narrower than the inlet funnel, the intermediate portion containing the wind turbine.
9. An apparatus according to claim 8, characterised in that the condensation chamber comprises a baffle to enhance condensation of water from the ambient air.
10. An apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the outlet condensation chamber is provided with means for collecting liquid water condensed from the ambient wind air.
11. An apparatus according to claims 8 to 10, characterised in that the duct is provided with flaps which are arranged to be opened when facing windward.
12. An apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterised in that the outlet condensation chamber has an outlet vent provided with an additional wind turbine to reduce pressure in the outlet vent and enhance removal of exhaust air.
13. An apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterised in that the wind turbine has adjacent pairs of wind guides with respective flaps therebetween, the flaps being arranged to be opened when facing in the direction of ambient wind.
14. An apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterised in that there is provided a deviation device arranged to pivot about a substantially vertical axis so as to orientate itself, in use, into a position which is most effective in directing ambient wind through the wind turbine.
15. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the refrigeration compressor has a central rotatable housing having blades provided therein, the refrigeration compressor further comprising compressor blades mounted on a drive shaft, the compressor blades being arranged to be driven by a gear train fitted to an inner wall of the housing.
16. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the housing of the refrigeration compressor comprises a housing containing an eccentrically mounted roller
17. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the refrigeration compressor comprises a housing containing an elastic chamber containing refrigerant which elastic chamber is arranged to be alternately contracted and expanded.
18. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the refrigeration compressor comprises a housing containing a scroll compressor.
19. A method of condensing water from ambient air which comprises driving, by means of ambient wind, a wind turbine apparatus in accordance with claim 1, mounted in a duct so as to cause blades of the wind turbine to be cooled and to thereby cool ambient wind air passing through the duct and the wind turbine, and causing water vapour in the ambient wind air to condense to form liquid water, and collecting the liquid water.
20. A wind turbine having at least one blade mounted to a refrigeration compressor housing mounted on a shaft for axial rotation relative to the shaft and means for conducting compressed refrigerant centrifugally outward and means for returning the refrigerant centripetally through the or each blade with loss of pressure and change of phase of the refrigerant from liquid to gas so as to cool the or each blade.
PCT/AU2005/001219 2004-08-16 2005-08-16 Apparatus and method for cooling of air WO2006017888A1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/660,290 US20070204633A1 (en) 2004-08-16 2005-08-16 Apparatus and Method for Cooling of Air
CA002577158A CA2577158A1 (en) 2004-08-16 2005-08-16 Apparatus and method for cooling of air
AU2005274673A AU2005274673A1 (en) 2004-08-16 2005-08-16 Apparatus and method for cooling of air
MX2007001877A MX2007001877A (en) 2004-08-16 2005-08-16 Apparatus and method for cooling of air.
BRPI0515188-0A BRPI0515188A (en) 2004-08-16 2005-08-16 air cooling apparatus and method
EP05771802A EP1794512A1 (en) 2004-08-16 2005-08-16 Apparatus and method for cooling of air
IL181204A IL181204A0 (en) 2004-08-16 2007-02-07 Apparatus and methd for cooling of air
EGNA2007000169 EG24438A (en) 2004-08-16 2007-02-13 Apparatus and method for cooling of air

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2004904593A AU2004904593A0 (en) 2004-08-16 Turbine heat pump
AU2004904593 2004-08-16
AU2005900180A AU2005900180A0 (en) 2005-01-18 Apparatus and method for cooling of air
AU2005900180 2005-01-18

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EP (1) EP1794512A1 (en)
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CA (1) CA2577158A1 (en)
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IL (1) IL181204A0 (en)
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WO (1) WO2006017888A1 (en)

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WO2008003950A2 (en) * 2006-07-04 2008-01-10 The University Of Nottingham Wind energy converter and method of converting wind energy
EP1881194A1 (en) * 2006-06-30 2008-01-23 General Electric Company Cooling device
US7886547B2 (en) 2008-05-28 2011-02-15 Sullivan Shaun E Machines and methods for removing water from air
WO2010090866A3 (en) * 2009-01-21 2011-02-17 Appollo Wind Technologies Llc Turbo-compressor-condenser-expander
FR2954268A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-24 Inst Francais Du Petrole Barge i.e. fuel oil tank, for producing wind energy and water, has wind energy concentrator device whose outlet is communicated with inlet of condensation element comprising venturi throats mounted in parallel
WO2011154728A1 (en) 2010-06-07 2011-12-15 David Stenhouse Recycled water storage system for vehicle windscreen cleaning
US9745360B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2017-08-29 Sanofi Dual GLP1/GIP or trigonal GLP1/GIP/glucagon agonists
US9772122B2 (en) 2014-11-17 2017-09-26 Appollo Wind Technologies Llc Turbo-compressor-condenser-expander
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WO2007068054A1 (en) * 2005-12-16 2007-06-21 Water Unlimited Cross-axis wind turbine energy converter
EP1881194A1 (en) * 2006-06-30 2008-01-23 General Electric Company Cooling device
US7621720B2 (en) 2006-06-30 2009-11-24 General Electric Company Cooling device
US8839615B2 (en) 2006-07-04 2014-09-23 The University Of Nottingham Power conversion
WO2008003950A2 (en) * 2006-07-04 2008-01-10 The University Of Nottingham Wind energy converter and method of converting wind energy
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US8578733B2 (en) 2009-01-21 2013-11-12 Appollo Wind Technologies Llc Turbo-compressor-condenser-expander
WO2010090866A3 (en) * 2009-01-21 2011-02-17 Appollo Wind Technologies Llc Turbo-compressor-condenser-expander
FR2954268A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-24 Inst Francais Du Petrole Barge i.e. fuel oil tank, for producing wind energy and water, has wind energy concentrator device whose outlet is communicated with inlet of condensation element comprising venturi throats mounted in parallel
WO2011154728A1 (en) 2010-06-07 2011-12-15 David Stenhouse Recycled water storage system for vehicle windscreen cleaning
US9745360B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2017-08-29 Sanofi Dual GLP1/GIP or trigonal GLP1/GIP/glucagon agonists
US9772122B2 (en) 2014-11-17 2017-09-26 Appollo Wind Technologies Llc Turbo-compressor-condenser-expander
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US11698198B2 (en) 2014-11-17 2023-07-11 Appollo Wind Technologies Llc Isothermal-turbo-compressor-expander-condenser-evaporator device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL181204A0 (en) 2007-07-04
EP1794512A1 (en) 2007-06-13
BRPI0515188A (en) 2008-07-08
MX2007001877A (en) 2007-08-07
EG24438A (en) 2009-07-08
CA2577158A1 (en) 2006-02-23
US20070204633A1 (en) 2007-09-06

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