JP6691359B2 - アミロイドベータ結合タンパク質 - Google Patents
アミロイドベータ結合タンパク質 Download PDFInfo
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Description
配列番号2:
EVQLVESGGGLX12QPGGSLRLSCAX24SGFTX29SSYGVHWVRQAPGKGLEWX48X49VIWRGGRIDYNAAFMSRX67TISX71DNSKX76TX78YLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCARNSDVWGQGTTVTVSS
[配列中、X12はIもしくはVであり、X24はAもしくはVであり、X29はVもしくはLであり、X48はVもしくはLであり、X49はSもしくはGであり、X67はFもしくはLであり、X71はRもしくはKであり、X76はNもしくはSであり、X78はLもしくはVである];または
配列番号3:
X1VQLQESGPGLVKPSETLSLTCTVSGX27SX29SSYGVHWX37RQPPGKGLEWX48GVIWRGGRIDYNAAFMSRX67TISX71DTSKX76QX78SLKLSSVTAADTAVYYCARNSDVWGQGTTVTVSS
[配列中、X1はQもしくはEであり、X27はGもしくはFであり、X29はIもしくはLであり、X37はIもしくはVであり、X48はIもしくはLであり、X67はVもしくはLであり、X71はVもしくはKであり、X76はNもしくはSであり、X78はFもしくはVである]
に少なくとも90%同一である第1のアミノ酸配列、および
配列番号1:
DVVMTQX7PLSLPVTX15GQPASISCKSSQSLLDIDGKTYLNWX41X42QX44PGQSPX50RLIYLVSKLDSGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLKISRVEAEDVGVYYCWQGTHFPYTFGQGTKLEIKR
[配列中、X7はSもしくはTであり、X15はLもしくはPであり、X41はFもしくはLであり、X42はQもしくはLであり、X44はRもしくはKであり、X50はRもしくはQである]
に少なくとも90%同一である第2のアミノ酸配列
を含む結合タンパク質を提供する。
−切断型のグロブロマーを生じる、乱交雑のプロテアーゼ(例えば、サーモリシンまたはエンドプロテアーゼGluC)でのN末端アミノ酸X−23の開裂性
−乱交雑のプロテアーゼおよび抗体でのC末端アミノ酸24−Yの非接近性(non−accessibility)
−グロブロマー立体配置におけるコアエピトープAβ(20−Y)のより良好な接近性を有する前記グロブロマーの3次元コア構造を維持するこれらグロブロマーの切断型。
R−X
の界面活性剤が用いられ、式中、R基は、炭素原子6個から20個、例えば10個から14個を有する非分枝もしくは分枝のアルキル、または炭素原子6個から20個、例えば10個から14個を有する非分枝もしくは分枝のアルケニルであり、X基は、Xが、例えば、−COO−M+、−SO3−M+、特に、−OSO3−M+の中から選択される酸性基またはこれらの塩であり、M+は水素陽イオン、または例えば、アルカリ金属陽イオンおよびアルカリ土類金属陽イオンならびにアンモニウム陽イオンから選択される無機もしくは有機の陽イオンである。Rが非分枝のアルキルである式(I)の界面活性剤が有利であり、その中でもアルク−1−イル基が特に言及されなければならない。例えば、ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム(SDS)、ラウリン酸、界面活性剤ラウロイルサルコシンのナトリウム塩(サルコシルNL−30もしくはGardol(登録商標)としても知られている)、およびオレイン酸が有利に用いられ得る。界面活性剤の作用の時間は特に、オリゴマー化に曝されるペプチドまたはその誘導体がアンフォールディングされているか否か(そうであれば、どの程度か)に依存する。アンフォールディングのステップにより、ペプチドまたはその誘導体が、水素結合破壊剤で、すなわち特にヘキサフルオロイソプロパノールで前もって処理される場合、作用温度が約20℃から50℃、特に約35℃から40℃である場合、数時間の、有利には約1時間から20時間の、特に約2時間から10時間の範囲の作用時間が十分である。あまりアンフォールディングされていない、または本質的にアンフォールディングされていないペプチドまたはその誘導体が出発点である場合、それに対応してより長い作用時間が好都合である。例えば、HFIP処理の代替として上記に記載する手順にしたがってペプチドもしくはその誘導体が前処理されている場合、または前記ペプチドもしくはその誘導体が直接オリゴマー化にかけられる場合、作用温度が約20℃から50℃、特に約35℃から40℃である場合、約5時間から30時間の、特に約10時間から20時間の範囲の作用時間が十分である。インキュベート後、不溶性の成分が遠心分離によって除去されるのが有利である。10000gで数分が好都合である。選択される界面活性剤の濃度は、用いられる界面活性剤による。SDSが用いられる場合、0.01重量%から1重量%の範囲における濃度、例えば、0.05重量%から0.5重量%、例えば、約0.2重量%が好都合であることが判明している。ラウリン酸またはオレイン酸が用いられる場合、幾分高い濃度、例えば、0.05重量%から2重量%の範囲、例えば、0.1重量%から0.5重量%、例えば、約0.5重量%が好都合である。界面活性剤の作用は、およそ生理学的範囲における塩濃度で行わなければならない。このように、特に、50mMから500mMの範囲、例えば、100mMから200mM、または約140mMのNaCl濃度が好都合である。界面活性剤の作用を引き続き減少させ、インキュベートを続けることは、本発明のAβ(X−Y)グロブロマー(WO2004/067561においてオリゴマーBと呼ぶ)をもたらすためのさらなるオリゴマー化に関連する。前述のステップから得られた組成物は一様に、界面活性剤および生理学的範囲の塩濃度を含有するので、次いで、界面活性剤の作用および塩濃度も低減することが好都合である。これは、例えば、好都合には水または塩濃度の低いバッファー、例えば、Tris−HCl、pH7.3で希釈することにより、界面活性剤および塩の濃度を低減することによって行われてよい。約2から10の範囲の、有利には約3から8の範囲の、特に約4の希釈係数が適切であることが判明している。界面活性剤の作用を低減することは、前記界面活性剤の作用を中和することができる物質を加えることによっても実現され得る。これらの例は、精製および抽出の措置の過程において細胞を安定化することができる物質など、界面活性剤と複合体を形成することができる物質、例えば、特定のEO/POブロックコポリマー、特に商品名Pluronic(登録商標)F68のブロックコポリマーを含む。特定の臨界ミセル濃度周辺またはそれを超える濃度範囲の、アルコキシル化、特にエトキシ化したアルキルフェノール、例えば、Triton(登録商標)Xシリーズのエトキシ化されているt−オクチルフェノール、特に、Triton(登録商標)X100、3−(3−コラミドプロピルジメチルアンモニオ)−1−プロパンスルホネート(CHAPS(登録商標))、またはアルコキシル化、特にエトキシ化されているソルビタン脂肪エステル、例えば、Tween(登録商標)シリーズ、特にTween(登録商標)20のエトキシ化されているソルビタン脂肪エステルが等しく用いられてよい。引き続き、十分な本発明のAβ(X−Y)グロブロマーが生成するまで溶液をインキュベートする。作用温度が約20℃から50℃、特に約35℃から40℃である場合、数時間、例えば、約10時間から30時間の範囲の、または約15時間から25時間の範囲の作用時間が十分である。次いで、溶液を濃縮し、可能な残渣を遠心分離によって除去することができる。ここでも、10000gで数分が好都合であることが判明している。遠心分離後に得られた上清は、本発明のAβ(X−Y)グロブロマーを含む。本発明のAβ(X−Y)グロブロマーは、それ自体知られているやり方において、例えば、限外ろ過、透析、沈殿、または遠心分離において最終的に回収され得る。例えば、SDS−PAGEによるなど、変性の条件下、Aβ(X−Y)グロブロマーの電気泳動分離は、二重バンド(例えば、Aβ(1−42)に対して見かけの分子量38/48kDaを有する)を生成することがあり、分離前にグロブロマーをグルタールジアルデヒド処理するとこの2本のバンドが1本に合体し得る。グロブロマーのサイズ排除クロマトグラフィーは、1本のピークをもたらし得る(例えば、それぞれ、Aβ(1−42)グロブロマーに対しておよそ100kDaの分子量に相当し、またはグルタールアルデヒドで架橋されたAβ(1−42)グロブロマーに対しておよそ60kDaに対応する)。Aβ(1−42)ペプチド、Aβ(12−42)ペプチド、およびAβ(20−42)ペプチドから出発して、前記プロセスは、Aβ(1−42)グロブロマー、Aβ(12−42)グロブロマー、およびAβ(20−42)グロブロマーを得るのに特に適している。
EAEEDGDLQCLCVKTTSQVRPRHITSLEVIKAGPHCPTAQLIATLKNGRKICLDLQAPLYKKIIKKLLES(配列番号70)
を有するヒトPF−4を含む抗原を提供し、抗体レパートリーを前記抗原に曝露し、前記抗原レパートリーからヒトPF−4に対して特異的に結合する抗体を選択することによって得られる。抗体は、任意選択によって、免疫原(ヒトPF−4)を用いて親和性精製されてよい。このようなリファレンスの抗PF−4抗体は、モノクローナル抗HPF4抗体、Abcamカタログ番号:ab49735など、市販されている。
抗体(「Ab」)+抗原(「Ag」)→Ab−Ag
Ab+Ag←Ab−Ag
本発明の第1の特定の態様は、Aβ(20−42)グロブロマーおよび/または任意の他の標的Aβ型に結合するCDRグラフト化抗体、またはその抗原結合ポーションを提供する。本発明の第2の特定の態様は、Aβ(20−42)グロブロマーおよび/または任意の他の標的Aβ型に結合するヒト化抗体、またはその抗原結合ポーションを提供する。特定の一態様によると、抗体またはそのポーションは、単離されている抗体である。さらなる特定の一態様によると、本発明の抗体はAβ(20−40)グロブロマーおよび/または任意の他の標的Aβ型の活性を中和する。
本発明の抗体は、当技術分野において知られている任意の数々の技術によって作成され得る。
モノクローナル抗体は、ハイブリドーマ、組換え、およびファージディスプレイ技術、またはこれらの組合せの使用を含めた、当技術分野において知られている広範囲の技術を用いて調製され得る。例えば、モノクローナル抗体は、Harlowら、Antibodies:A Laboratory Manual、(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press、第2版、1988年);Hammerlingら、Monoclonal Antibodies and T−Cell Hybridomas、563−681頁(Elsevier、N.Y.、1981年)(前記参考文献はその全文が参照により組み込まれる)など、当技術分野において知られており、教示される技術を含めたハイブリドーマ技術を用いて生成され得る。本明細書で用いられる「モノクローナル抗体」の語は、ハイブリドーマ技術によって生成される抗体に制限されない。「モノクローナル抗体」の語は、これが生成される方法ではなく、任意の真核生物、原核生物、またはファージクローンを含めた単一のクローンに由来する抗体を意味する。
本発明の別の態様では、組換え抗体は、米国特許第5,627,052号、PCT公開第WO92/02551号、およびBabcock,J.S.ら(1996年)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA、93巻、7843−7848頁において記載される通り、選択リンパ球抗体法(selected lymphocyte antibody method)(SLAM)として当技術分野において呼ばれている手順を用いて、単一の、単離されたリンパ球から産生される。この方法において、対象の抗体を分泌する単一の細胞、例えば、セクション1に記載される任意の1つの免疫化した動物に由来するリンパ球が、抗原特異的溶血プラークアッセイを用いてスクリーニングされ、抗原Aβ(20−42)グロブロマーまたはそのサブユニットは、ビオチンなどのリンカーを用いてヒツジ赤血球に連結され、Aβ(20−42)グロブロマーに特異性を有する抗体を分泌する単一の細胞を同定するのに用いられる。対象の抗体分泌細胞を同定した後、重鎖および軽鎖可変領域のcDNAが逆転写PCRによって細胞から救出され、次いで、これら可変領域は好適な免疫グロブリン定常領域(例えば、ヒト定常領域)の状況において、COSまたはCHO細胞などの哺乳動物宿主細胞において発現されてよい。in vivoで選択されたリンパ球に由来する、増幅された免疫グロブリン配列でトランスフェクトされた宿主細胞は、次いで、例えば、Aβ(20−42)グロブロマーに対する抗体を発現する細胞を単離するためにトランスフェクトされた細胞をパニングすることによって、さらなる分析およびin vitroの選択を受けることができる。増幅された免疫グロブリン配列は、PCT公開第WO97/29131号およびPCT公開第WO00/56772号において記載されているものなど、in vitroの親和性成熟法などによって、in vitroでさらに操作され得る。
本発明の別の実施形態では、抗体は、Aβ(20−42)グロブロマー抗原を有するヒト免疫グロブリン遺伝子座のいくつか、または全てを含む非ヒト動物を免疫化することによって生成される。特定の一実施形態では、非ヒト動物は、ヒト免疫グロブリン遺伝子座の大型断片を含み、マウス抗体生成が欠損している操作されたマウス系統である、ゼノマウス(XENOMOUSE)トランスジェニックマウスである。例えば、Greenら、Nature Genetics、7巻、13−21頁(1994年)、ならびに米国特許第5,916,771号、第5,939,598号、第5,985,615号、第5,998,209号、第6,075,181号、第6,091,001号、第6,114,598号、および第6,130,364号を参照されたい。1991年7月25日公開のWO91/10741、1994年2月3日公開のWO94/02602、両方とも1996年10月31日公開のWO96/34096およびWO96/33735、1998年4月23日公開のWO98/16654、1998年6月11日公開のWO98/24893、1998年11月12日公開のWO98/50433、1999年9月10日公開のWO99/45031、1999年10月21日公開のWO99/53049、2000年2月24日公開のWO00 09560、および2000年6月29日公開のWO00/037504も参照されたい。ゼノマウストランスジェニックマウスは、完全なヒト抗体の成人様ヒトレパートリーを生成し、抗原特異的ヒトモノクローナル抗体を産生する。ゼノマウストランスジェニックマウスは、メガベースサイズの、生殖系列立体配置のヒト重鎖遺伝子座のYAC断片およびx軽鎖遺伝子座の導入によってヒト抗体レパートリーのおよそ80%を含む。その開示が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、Mendezら、Nature Genetics 15巻、146−156頁(1997年)、GreenおよびJakobovits、J.Exp.Med.、188巻、483−495頁(1998年)を参照されたい。
本発明の抗体を作成するためにin vitro方法がやはり用いられてよく、抗体ライブラリーが、所望の結合特異性を有する抗体を同定するためにスクリーニングされる。組換え抗体ライブラリーのこのようなスクリーニングのための方法は当技術分野においてよく知られており、例えば、その各々の内容が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、Ladnerら、米国特許第5,223,409号;Kangら、PCT公開第WO92/18619号;Dowerら、PCT公開第WO91/17271号;Winterら、PCT公開第WO92/20791号;Marklandら、PCT公開第WO92/15679号;Breitlingら、PCT公開第WO93/01288号;McCaffertyら、PCT公開第WO92/01047号;Garrardら、PCT公開第WO92/09690号;Fuchsら(1991年)Bio/Technology、9巻、1370−1372頁;Hayら(1992年)Hum Antibod Hybridomas、3巻、81−85頁;Huseら(1989年)Science、246巻、1275−1281頁;McCaffertyら、Nature(1990年)348巻、552−554頁;Griffithsら(1993年)EMBO J、12巻、725−734頁;Hawkinsら(1992年)J Mol Biol、226巻、889−896頁;Clacksonら(1991年)Nature、352巻、624−628頁;Gramら(1992年)PNAS、89巻、3576−3580頁;Garradら(1991年)Bio/Technology、9巻、1373−1377頁;Hoogenboomら(1991年)Nuc Acid Res、19巻、4133−4137頁;およびBarbasら(1991年)PNAS、88巻、7978−7982頁、米国特許出願公開第20030186374号、およびPCT公開第WO97/29131号に記載されている方法を含む。
本発明の抗体は、当技術分野において知られている任意の数々の技術によって生成されてよい。例えば、宿主細胞からの発現であり、重鎖および軽鎖をコードする発現ベクター(複数可)が標準の技術によって宿主細胞中にトランスフェクトされる。「トランスフェクション」の語の様々な形態が、例えば、電気穿孔、リン酸カルシウム沈降、DEAE−デキストラントランスフェクションなど、外来のDNAを原核生物または真核生物の宿主細胞中に導入するのに通常用いられる広範囲の技術を包含することが意図される。本発明の抗体を、原核生物または真核生物いずれかの宿主細胞において発現させることが可能である。本発明の特定の一態様によると、抗体の発現は、哺乳動物宿主細胞などの真核細胞を用いて行われる、というのはこのような真核細胞(特に哺乳動物細胞)は、原核細胞よりも集合し、適切にフォールディングされ、免疫学的に活性な抗体を分泌する可能性が高いからである。
表4は、マウス4D10のVHおよびVL領域のアミノ酸配列のリストである。
キメラ抗体は、マウスモノクローナル抗体に由来する可変領域およびヒト免疫グロブリン定常領域を有する抗体など、抗体の異なるポーションが異なる動物種に由来する分子である。キメラ抗体を生成するための方法は、当技術分野において知られており、本明細書において詳しく論じられる。例えば、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、Morrison、Science、229巻、1202頁(1985年);Oiら、Bio Techniques、4巻、214頁(1986年);Gilliesら(1989年)J.Immunol.Methods、125巻、191−202頁;米国特許第5,807,715号、第4,816,567号、および第4,816,397号を参照されたい。さらに、「キメラ抗体」生成用に開発された技術が、好適な生物学的活性のヒト抗体分子からの遺伝子と一緒に、好適な抗原特異性のマウス抗体分子から遺伝子をスプライシングすることによって、用いられてよい(その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、Morrisonら、1984年、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.、81巻、851−855頁;Neubergerら、1984年、Nature、312巻、604−608頁;Takedaら、1985年、Nature、314巻、452−454頁)。
本発明のCDRグラフト化抗体はヒト抗体からの重鎖および軽鎖可変領域配列を含み、VHおよび/またはVLの1つまたは複数のCDR領域は、本発明のマウス抗体のCDR配列で置換されている。任意のヒト抗体からのフレームワーク配列が、CDRグラフト化に対する鋳型として働き得る。しかし、このようなフレームワーク上への直鎖の置換は、しばしば抗原に対する結合親和性のいくらかの喪失をまねく。ヒト抗体がオリジナルのマウス抗体に対して相同であるほど、マウスCDRをヒトフレームワークと組み合わせることで、親和性を低減し得るCDRにおけるゆがみを導入する可能性は低くなる。したがって、CDRは別としてマウス可変フレームワークを置換するように選択されたヒト化変フレームワークは、例えば、マウス抗体可変領域フレームワークと少なくとも65%の配列同一性を有する。ヒトおよびマウス可変領域は、CDRは別として、例えば、少なくとも70%、少なくとも75%の配列同一性、または少なくとも80%の配列同一性を有する。キメラ抗体を生成するための方法は当技術分野において知られており、本明細書において詳しく論じられる(EP 239,400;PCT公開第WO 91/09967号;米国特許第5,225,539号、第5,530,101号、および第5,585,089号も参照されたい)、ベニアリングまたはリサーフェシング(veneering or resurfacing)(EP 592,106;EP 519,596;Padlan、Molecular Immunology、28巻(4/5)、489−498頁(1991年);Studnickaら、Protein Engineering、7巻(6)、805−814頁(1994年);Roguskaら、PNAS、91巻、969−973頁(1994年))、およびチェーンシャッフリング(米国特許第5,565,352号)。
ヒト化抗体は、非ヒト種からの1つまたは複数の相補性決定領域(CDR)、およびヒト免疫グロブリン分子からのフレームワーク領域を有する所望の抗原に結合する、非ヒト種抗体からの抗体分子である。
一態様に従って,本発明の抗Aβ(20−42)グロブロマー(globulomer)抗体または任意の他の標的Aβ型に対する抗体は、Aβ(20−42)グロブロマー(および/または任意の他の標的Aβ型)の活性を低減または中和する高い能力を示す。
本発明の一態様は、抗体のO結合型またはN結合型グリコシル化部位が突然変異した、グリコシル化部位突然変異体の作製に関する。当業者は、標準的な周知の技術を使用して、このような突然変異体を作製できる。生物学的活性を保有するが、結合活性が増大または低減したグリコシル化部位突然変異体の創造は、本発明の別の目的である。
Aβ(20−42)グロブロマーに結合するそれらの能力を考えると、本発明の抗Aβ(20−42)グロブロマー抗体または任意の他の標的Aβ型に対する抗体は、Aβ(20−42)グロブロマーおよび/または任意の他の標的Aβ型(例えば、血清、CSF、脳組織また血漿などの生物学的試料)を、酵素結合免疫吸着測定法(ELISA)、放射免疫測定法(RIA)または組織免疫組織化学などの従来の免疫測定法を使用して検出するために使用できる。本発明は、生物学的試料と本発明の抗体とを接触させるステップならびにAβ(20−42)グロブロマー(および/またはおよび/または任意の他の標的Aβ型)に結合した抗体または未結合の抗体のいずれかを検出し、その結果、生物学的試料中のAβ(20−42)グロブロマーおよび/または任意の他の標的Aβ型を検出するステップを含む、生物学的試料中のAβ(20−42)グロブロマーおよび/または任意の他の標的Aβ型を検出する方法を提供する。抗体は、直接または間接的に検出可能な物質を用いて標識され、結合抗体または未結合抗体の検出を容易にされる。適切な検出可能物質は、さまざまな酵素、補欠分子族、蛍光材料、発光材料および放射性物質を含む。適切な酵素の例は、ホースラディッシュペルオキシダーゼ、アルカリホスファターゼ、β−ガラクトシダーゼまたはアセチルコリンエステラーゼを含み;適切な補欠分子族複合体の例は、ストレプトアビジン/ビオチンおよびアビジン/ビオチン;適切な蛍光材料の例は、ウンベリフェロン、フルオレセイン、フルオレセインイソチオシアネート、ローダミン、ジクロロトリアジニルアミン(dichlorotriazinylamine)フルオレセイン、塩化ダンシルまたはフィコエリトリンを含み;発光材料の例はルミノールを含み、;適切な放射性物質の例は、3H、14C、35S、90Y、99Tc、111In、125I、131I、177Lu、166Hoまたは153Smを含む。
本発明は、本発明の抗体および薬学的に許容される担体を含む医薬組成物をさらに提供する。本発明の抗体を含む医薬組成物は、限定するものではないが、障害の診断、検出またはモニタリング、障害またはそれらの1種もしくは複数種の症状の予防、治療、管理または改善および/または調査に使用される。特定の実施形態において、組成物は本発明の1種または複数種の抗体を含む。別の実施形態において、本医薬組成物は、1種または複数種の本発明の抗体および標的Aβ型の活性が有害である障害を治療するための本発明の抗体以外の1種または複数種の予防薬または治療薬を含む。さらなる実施形態において、予防薬または治療薬は、障害またはそれらの1種もしくは複数種の症状の予防、治療、管理または改善に有用であることが公知である、または使用されたことがある、または現在使用されている。これらの実施形態に従って、本組成物は、担体、希釈剤または賦形剤をさらに含み得る。
a)Aβ(1−42)グロブロマー:
Aβ(1−42)合成ペプチド(H−1368、Bachem、Bubendorf、Switzerland)を、100%の1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロ−2−プロパノール(HFIP)に6mg/mlで懸濁し、振とう下で37℃において1.5時間、完全可溶化のためにインキュベートした。HFIPは水素結合崩壊剤として作用し、Aβペプチド中の既存の構造不均一性を除外するために使用する。HFIPを、SpeedVacにおいて蒸発により除去し、Aβ(1−42)を、5mMの濃度でジメチルスルホキシド中に再懸濁し、20秒間超音波処理した。HFIPにより予備処理したAβ(1−42)を、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)(20mMのNaH2PO4、140mMのNaCl、pH7.4)中400μMに希釈し、1/10体積の2%のドデシル硫酸ナトリウム(SDS)(H2O中)を加えた(最終濃度は0.2%SDS)。37℃において6時間のインキュベーションにより、16/20−kDaのAβ(1−42)グロブロマー(球形のオリゴマーの短縮形)中間体がもたらされた。38/48−kDaのAβ(1−42)グロブロマーは、3体積のH2Oを用いたさらなる希釈および37℃において18時間のインキュベーションにより作製された。3000g、20分の遠心分離後、試料を、限外ろ過(カットオフ30−kDa)により濃縮し、5mMのNaH2PO4、35mMのNaCl、pH7.4に対して透析し、10,000g、10分で遠心分離機にかけ、38/48−kDaのAβ(1−42)グロブロマーを含む上清を回収した。透析の代替として、38/48−kDaのAβ(1−42)グロブロマーは、9倍過剰(v/v)の氷冷メタノール/酢酸溶液(33%のメタノール、4%の酢酸)、1時間、4℃により、沈殿させることもできる。その後、38/48−kDaのAβ(1−42)グロブロマーをペレット化し(10分で16200g)、5mMのNaH2PO4、35mMのNaCl、pH7.4中に再懸濁し、pH7.4に調製した。
実施例1aに従って調製した1.59mlのAβ(1−42)グロブロマー製剤を、38mlのバッファー(50mMのMES/NaOH、pH7.4)および200μlの水中1mg/mlのサーモリシン溶液(Roche)と混合した。反応混合物を、RTにおいて20時間撹拌した。その後、80μlの水中100mMのEDTA溶液、pH7.4を加え、混合物を、400μlの1%濃度SDS溶液を用いてSDS含有量0.01%にさらに調整した。反応混合物を、15mlの30kDaのCentriprepチューブを介しておよそ1mlに濃縮した。濃縮物を、9mlのバッファー(50mMのMES/NaOH、0.02%のSDS、pH7.4)と混合し、再度1mlに濃縮した。濃縮物を、6℃において1lのバッファー(5mMのリン酸ナトリウム、35mMのNaCl)に対して透析チューブにおいて16時間透析した。透析物を、水中2%濃度のSDS溶液を用いてSDS含有量0.1%に調製した。試料を、10,000gにおいて10分間遠心分離機にかけ、Aβ(20−42)グロブロマー上清を回収した。
実施例1aに従って調製した2mlのAβ(1−42)グロブロマー製剤を、38mlのバッファー(5mMのリン酸ナトリウム,35mMの塩化ナトリウム,pH7.4)および150μlの水中1mg/mlのGluCエンドプロテイナーゼ(Roche)と混合した。反応混合物をRTにおいて6時間撹拌し、さらに、150μlの水中1mg/mlのGluCエンドプロテイナーゼ(Roche)を続けて加えた。反応混合物を、RTにおいてさらに16時間撹拌し、次いで8μlの5MのDIFP溶液を加えた。反応混合物を、15mlの30kDaのCentriprepチューブを介しておよそ1mlに濃縮した。濃縮物を、9mlのバッファー(5mMのリン酸ナトリウム、35mMの塩化ナトリウム、pH7.4)と混合し、再度1mlに濃縮した。濃縮物を、6℃において1lのバッファー(5mMのリン酸ナトリウム、35mMのNaCl)に対して透析チューブにおいて16時間透析した。透析物を、水中1%濃度のSDS溶液を用いてSDS含有量0.1%に調製した。試料を、10,000gにおいて10分間遠心分離機にかけ、Aβ(12−42)グロブロマー上清を回収した。
Aβ(1−42)合成ペプチド(H−1368、Bachem、Bubendorf、Switzerland)を、100%の1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロ−2−プロパノール(HFIP)に6mg/mlで懸濁し、振とう下で37℃において1.5時間、完全可溶化のためにインキュベートした。HFIPは水素結合崩壊剤として作用し、Aβペプチド中の既存の構造不均一性を除外するために使用した。HFIPを、SpeedVacにおいて蒸発により除去し、Aβ(12−42)グロブロマーAβ(1−42)を、5mMの濃度でジメチルスルホキシド中に再懸濁し、20秒間超音波処理した。HFIPにより予備処理したAβ(1−42)を、PBS(20mMのNaH2PO4、140mMのNaCl、pH7.4)中400μMに希釈し、1/10体積の2%SDS(水中)を加えた(最終濃度は0.2%SDS)。37℃において6時間のインキュベーションにより、16/20−kDaのAβ(1−42)グロブロマー(グロブロマーオリゴマーの短縮形)中間体がもたらされた。38/48−kDaのAβ(1−42)グロブロマーは、3体積の水を用いたさらなる希釈および37℃において18時間インキュベーションにより作製された。ここで、38/48−kDaのAβ(1−42)グロブロマーの架橋を、1mMのグルタルアルデヒドとともに2時間21℃の室温におけるインキュベーション、次いで室温における30分間のエタノールアミン(5mM)処理治療により実施した。
実施例2.1:ヒト抗体フレームワークの選択
ヒト抗体フレームワークの選択は、ヒト抗体の標準構造の類似性およびアミノ酸配列相同性に基づいた。さらに、適切なアクセプターVLおよびVHのフレームワーク配列の特定が、ヒトVHおよびVκ生殖細胞系列配列のアミノ酸配列相同性に基づく場合、ループ構造およびVH/VLインターフェイスを支持するアミノ酸残基の保有ならびにバーニアゾーン(Vernier zone)のアミノ酸残基の保有を考慮した。さらに、4D10 CDRを潜在的に適切なアクセプターVLおよびVHのフレームワーク配列にグラフトすることにより得られるVHおよびVL配列の免疫原性を、さまざまなMHCクラスIおよび/またはMHCクラスII対立遺伝子に対する重複ペプチドの予測される親和性に基づいて、in silicoで評価した。VHおよびVLを、個々のVHまたはVLファミリーのコンセンサスに適合させ、潜在的免疫原性をさらに最小化した。マウスアミノ酸残基への選択された復帰突然変異を実施し、ループ構造およびVH/VLインターフェイスを支持するアミノ酸を保有した。個々のVHまたはVL生殖細胞系列遺伝子を有する天然のヒトVH配列またはVL配列の対応するプールにおけるこれらの復帰突然変異の頻度は、アミノ酸配列アライメントにより決定した。上記の判断によりもたらされたVH配列およびVL配列は、潜在的N結合型グリコシル化部位(NXSまたはNXT、XはP以外の任意のアミノ酸)と合致した。
4D10hum_VH.1z(配列番号4):表4に記載のマウス抗Aβ(20−42)グロブロマー抗体4D10由来の重鎖CDR配列を、ヒトVH3−53のアクセプターフレームワークおよびJH6配列にグラフトした。
上記のin silicoで構築されたヒト化抗体は、オリゴヌクレオチドを使用して新たに構築される。各可変領域cDNAに関して、60−80 ヌクレオチドの6オリゴヌクレオチドは、各オリゴヌクレオチドの5’末端および/または3’末端において互いに20ヌクレオチドが重複するように設計されている。アニーリング反応において、6オリゴはすべて結合され、ボイルされ、dNTPの存在下でアニーリングされる。その後DNAポリメラーゼI、Large(Klenow)断片(New England Biolabs #M0210、Beverley、MA.)を加え、重複オリゴヌクレオチド間のおよそ40bpのギャップを埋める。その後PCRを実施し、改良されたpBOSベクター中のマルチクローニング部位に相補的なオーバーハンギング配列を含有する、2種の最外部のプライマーを使用して、全可変領域遺伝子を増幅する(Mizushima,S.およびNagata,S.、(1990年)Nucleic acids Research 18、No.17))。各cDNAアセンブリに由来するPCR産物をアガロースゲル上で分離し、予測される可変領域のcDNAサイズに対応するバンドを切り取り、精製した。可変重鎖領域を、ヒトIgG1定常領域をコードし、2つのヒンジ−領域アミノ酸突然変異を含有するcDNA断片に、相同組換えにより細菌中においてインフレームで挿入する。これらの突然変異は、234位(EU番号付け)におけるロイシンからアラニンへの変化および235位におけるロイシンからアラニンへの変化である(Lundら、1991年、J.Immunol.、147:2657)。可変軽鎖領域を、ヒトカッパ定常領域に相同組換えによりインフレームで挿入する。細菌コロニーを単離し、プラスミドDNAを抽出し、cDNAインサートをその全体について配列決定する。各抗体に対応する正しいヒト化重鎖および軽鎖を、一時的に完全長ヒト化抗Aβグロブロマー抗体を産生させるために、COS細胞に共トランスフェクトする。組換えキメラ抗体を含有する細胞上清を、タンパク質Aセファロースクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、結合した抗体を、酸性バッファーを加えることによって抽出する。抗体を中和し、PBSに対して透析する。(Dieder Moecharsら、J Biol Chem 274:6483−6492頁(1999年);Ausubel,F.M.ら編、Short Protocols In Molecular Biology(第4版、1999年)John Wiley&Sons、NY.(ISBN 0−471−32938−X);LuおよびWeiner編、Cloning and Expression Vectors for Gene Function Analysis(2001年)BioTechniques Press.Westborough、MA.298頁(ISBN 1−881299−21−X);KontermannおよびDubel編、Antibody Engineering(2001年)Springer−Verlag.New York.790頁(ISBN 3−540−41354−5);Old,R.W.&S.B.Primrose、Principles of Gene Manipulation:An Introduction To Genetic Engineering(第3版、1985年)Blackwell Scientific Publications、Boston.Studies in Microbiology;2:409頁(ISBN 0−632−01318−4);Sambrook,J.ら編、Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual(第2版、1989年)Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press、NY.1−3巻.(ISBN 0−87969−309−6);Winnacker,E.L. From Genes To Clones:Introduction To Gene Technology(1987年)VCH Publishers、NY(Horst Ibelgaufts訳)634頁(ISBN 0−89573−614−4);これらすべては参照によりそれら全体を本明細書に組み込む。)。
配列番号46で示した抗体重鎖;配列番号47で示した抗体重鎖をコードするDNA構築体および配列番号48で示したポリペプチドをコードする抗体軽鎖構築体を、実施例2.3に記載のように調製した。配列決定によるDNAの確認後、すべての重鎖および軽鎖DNA構築体を、E.コリにおいて拡大し、DNAを、Qiagen Endo Free Plasimid Maxi Prepを使用して(カタログ番号12362、QIAGEN)製造業者のプロトコルに従って精製した。
精製されたヒト化抗体4D10hum#1および4D10hum#2のAβ(20−42)グロブロマーに対する相互作用を、表面プラズモン共鳴(SPR)分析によりBIAcore装置を使用して評価した。ヤギ抗ヒトIgG Fc(10,000RU)を、CM5センサーチップにおいてアミンカップリング手順により製造業者の取扱説明書(BIAcore)に従って直接固定した。個々の4D10hum抗体を、5.0μlの1μg/mlの4D10hum抗体溶液を流速10−15μl/分で注入することによって、ヤギ抗ヒトIgG Fcによりコーティングされたチップ表面に捕捉した。センサーチップにおける可溶性Aβ(20−42)グロブロマーと4D10hum抗体との相互作用を、グロブロマー溶液(濃度範囲:20−0.3125nM)を流速50μl/分で注入することによって検査した。会合速度を5.0分モニターし、解離速度を10分間モニターした。得られたセンサーグラムから、会合速度定数(kon)、解離速度定数(koff)および平衡解離定数(KD)を、製造業者のソフトウェアおよび取扱説明書を使用して決定した。4D10hum#1の3種の異なる製剤および4D10hum#2の2種の異なる製剤に関して決定された動態および平衡定数を、表7に要約した。表7は、キメラおよびヒト化鎖を有する抗体#3、#4および#5の親和性データをさらに示す。抗体#4および#5の重鎖は、4D10hum#1または#2のものであり、軽鎖はm4D10 VL(配列番号24)およびヒトIgカッパ定常領域(配列番号27)のキメラである。抗体#3の軽鎖は、4D10hum#1および#2のものであり、重鎖は、m4D10 VH(配列番号23)およびヒトIgガンマ−1定常領域(配列番号25)のキメラである。
モノクローナル抗Aβ(20−42)グロブロマー抗体の選択性を特徴付けるために、それらを、さまざまなAβ型に対する結合に関して試験した。この目的のために、0.2mg/mlBSAを補足したPBS中100pmol/μlから0.00001pmol/μlまでの範囲の個々のAβ(1−42)型の段階希釈液を調製した。1μlの各希釈液を、ニトロセルロース膜上にブロットした。検出を、対応する抗体(0.2μg/ml)とともにインキュベートし、次いでペルオキシダーゼにコンジュゲートされた抗ヒト−IgGおよび染色試薬BM Blue POD Substrate(Roche)を使用して免疫染色することによって実施した。
1.Aβ(1−42)グロブロマー
Aβ(1−42)グロブロマーを、実施例1aに記載のように調製した(透析によるバッファー交換)。
Aβ(20−42)グロブロマーを、実施例1bに記載のように調製した。
2.5mgのAβ(1−40)(Bachem Inc.、カタログ番号H−1368)を、0.5mlのH2O中0.1%のNaOH(新たに調製した)に溶解し(=5mg/ml)、速やかに30秒間室温において振とうし、透明な溶液を得た。試料を、−20℃において使用まで保存した。
2.5mgのAβ(1−42)(Bachem Inc.、カタログ番号H−1368)を、0.5mlのH2O中0.1%のNaOH(新たに調製した)に溶解し(=5mg/ml)、速やかに30秒間室温において振とうし、透明な溶液を得た。試料を、−20℃において使用まで保存した。
1mgのAβ(1−42)(Bachem Inc.、カタログ番号H−1368)を、500μlの水性の0.1%のNH4OH(エッペンドルフチューブ)に溶解し、1分間室温において撹拌した。100μlのこの新たに調製したAβ(1−42)溶液を、300μlの20mMのNaH2PO4;140mMのNaCl、pH7.4を用いて中和した。pHを、1%のHClを用いてpH7.4に調製した。試料を、24時間37℃においてインキュベートし、遠心分離機にかけた(10分、10000g)。上清を廃棄し、線維性ペレットを、400μlの20mMのNaH2PO4;140mMのNaCl、pH7.4に、ボルテックスにより1分間再懸濁した。
Sigmaにより供給される(カタログ番号S9564;20mMのNaH2PO4;140mMのNaCl中25μg;pH7.4)。sAPPαを、20mMのNaH2PO4、140mMのNaCl、pH7.4、0.2mg/mlのBSAを用いて0.1mg/ml(=1pmol/μl)に希釈した。
Aβ(12−42)グロブロマーを、実施例1cに記載のように調製した。
20mMのNaH2PO4、140mMのNaCl、pH7.4+0.2mg/mlのBSA中のAβ−標準の段階希釈液(上記の1から7を参照されたい。)、100pmol/μl、10pmol/μl、1pmol/μl、0.1pmol/μl、0.01pmol/μl、0.001pmol/μl、0.0001pmol/μlおよび0.00001pmol/μlの濃度を得た。
抗ヒト−POD:カタログ番号109−035−003(Jackson Immuno Research)
検出試薬:BM Blue POD Substrate、沈殿性、カタログ番号:11442066001(Roche)
ウシ血清アルブミン、(BSA):カタログ番号:11926(Serva)
ブロッキング試薬:TBS中5%低脂肪乳
バッファー溶液:
TBS:25mMのTris/HClバッファー pH7.5+150mMのNaCl
TTBS:25mMのTris/HCl−バッファーpH7.5+150mMのNaCl+0.05%のTween20
PBS+0.2mg/mlのBSA:20mMのNaH2PO4バッファー pH7.4+140mMのNaCl+0.2mg/mlのBSA
抗体溶液I:20mlのTBS中1%低脂肪乳中0.2μg/ml抗体
1)(段階希釈により得た)さまざまなAβ−標準の8種の濃度のそれぞれ1μlを、互いにおよそ1cmの距離でニトロセルロース膜にドットを打った。
2)Aβ−標準のドットを、ニトロセルロース膜上で、少なくとも10分間、室温(RT)において風乾させた(=ドットブロット)。
3)ブロッキング:
ドットブロットを、30mlのTBS中5%低脂肪乳とともに1.5時間、RTにおいてインキュベートした。
4)洗浄:
ブロッキング溶液を廃棄し、ドットブロットを、振とう下で20mlのTTBSとともに10分間、RTにおいてインキュベートした。
5)抗体溶液I:
洗浄バッファーを廃棄し、ドットブロットを、抗体溶液Iとともに2時間、RTにおいてインキュベートした。
6)洗浄:
抗体溶液Iを廃棄し、ドットブロットを、振とう下で20mlのTTBSとともに10分間、RTにおいてインキュベートした。洗浄溶液を廃棄し、ドットブロットを、振とう下で20mlのTTBSとともに10分間、RTにおいてインキュベートした。洗浄溶液を廃棄し、ドットブロットを、振とう下で20mlのTBSとともに10分間、RTにおいてインキュベートした。
7)抗体溶液II:
洗浄バッファーを廃棄し、ドットブロットを、抗体溶液IIとともに1時間、RTにおいてインキュベートした
8)洗浄:
抗体溶液IIを廃棄し、ドットブロットを、振とう下で20mlのTTBSとともに10分間、RTにおいてインキュベートした。洗浄溶液を廃棄し、ドットブロットを、振とう下で20mlのTTBSとともに10分間、RTにおいてインキュベートした。洗浄溶液を廃棄し、ドットブロットを、振とう下で20mlのTBSとともに10分間、RTにおいてインキュベートした。
9)発色:
洗浄溶液を廃棄した。ドットブロットを、7.5mlのBM Blue POD Substrateを用いて10分間発色させた。発色を、ドットブロットをH2O用いて激しく洗浄することによって停止させた。定量的評価を、ドット強度のデンシトメトリー分析(GS800密度計(BioRad)およびソフトウェアパッケージQuantity one、Version 4.5.0(BioRad))に基づいて実施した。Aβ(20−42)グロブロマーの最新の光学的に明確に特定されたドットの相対密度の20%を超える相対密度を有するドットのみを評価した。この閾値を、各ドットブロットに関して、独立して決定した。計算値は、Aβ(20−42)グロブロマーの認識および所与の抗体の個別のAβ型の間の関係を示す。
実施例 3.1:サンドイッチELISAを介したカニクイザル(Cynomolgus Monkey)血漿中の血小板因子4との交差反応の決定
試薬リスト:
F96 Cert.Maxisorp NUNC−Immuno Plate カタログ番号439454
実験E1中の結合抗体:
−ヒト化モノクローナル抗Aβ抗体 4D10hum#1;2.36mg/ml OD280nm;−80℃において保存
−ヒト化モノクローナル抗Aβ抗体 4D10hum#2;1.74mg/ml OD280nm;−80℃において保存
−ヒト/マウスキメラ抗Aβモノクローナル抗体 クローンh1G5野生型Fc−フレーム(chim h1G5 wt);0.99mg/ml OD280nm;−80℃において保存(陽性対照として使用)
−親和性精製ヒトポリクローナル抗体 hIgG1(Chemicon(Millipore)、カタログ番号AG502);1.00mg/ml OD280nm;−80℃において保存(陰性対照として使用)
参照実験R1中の結合抗体:
−抗HPF4モノクローナル抗体;4.2mg/ml OD280nm;Abcam カタログ番号ab49735;−30℃において保存(陽性対照として使用)
−抗Aβモノクローナル抗体 クローンm1G5;1.70mg/ml OD280nm;−80℃において保存
−抗Aβモノクローナル抗体 クローンm4D10;8.60mg/ml OD280nm;−80℃において保存
−モノクローナル抗体 クローンmIgG2a;7.89mg/ml OD280nm;−80℃において保存(陰性対照として使用)
コーティングバッファー:100mMの炭酸水素ナトリウム;pH9.6
ELISA用ブロッキング試薬;Roche Diagnostics GmbH カタログ番号:1112589
PBSTバッファー:20mMのNaH2PO4;140mMのNaCl;0.05%のTween20;pH7.4
PBST+0.5%のBSAバッファー:20mMのNaH2PO4;140mMのNaCl;0.05%のTween20;pH7.4+0.5%BSA;Servaカタログ番号11926
カニクイザル血漿:13例の異なるドナー由来のカニクイザルEDTA血漿プール;−30℃において保存
トリプシン阻害剤:Sigmaカタログ番号T7902
一次抗体:pRAb−HPF4;0.5mg/ml;Abcamカタログ番号ab9561
標識試薬:抗ウサギPODコンジュゲート;Jackson ImmunoResearch Ltd.カタログ番号:111−036−045
染色液:DMSO中42mMのTMB(Roche Diagnostics GmbHカタログ番号:92817060);水中3%のH2O2;100mMの酢酸ナトリウム、pH4.9
停止液:2Mのスルホン酸
結合抗体:
結合抗体を、コーティングバッファー中10μg/mlに希釈した。
ブロッキング試薬を100mlの水に溶解し、ブロッキングストック溶液を調製し、10mlのアリコートを−20℃において保存した。3mlのブロッキングストック溶液を、各プレートをブロックするために27mlの水で希釈した。
2mlのカニクイザル血漿プールを、10分間、10,000gで遠心分離機にかけた。1.58mlの上清を取り出し、3.42mlのPBST+0.5%のBSAバッファーを用いて希釈した(=1:3.16希釈)。その後、50μlのH2O中10mg/mlのトリプシン阻害剤を加えた。室温における10分間のインキュベーション後、試料を0.22μmのフィルター(Milliporeカタログ番号SLGS0250S)を通してろ過した。
一次抗体を、PBST+0.5%のBSAバッファー中1μg/mlに希釈した。希釈係数は1:500であった。抗体溶液は速やかに使用した。
抗ウサギ−PODコンジュゲート凍結乾燥物を、0.5mlの水で再構成した。500μlのグリセロールを加え、100μlのアリコートをさらなる使用のため−20℃において保存した。濃縮された標識試薬を、PBSTバッファーで希釈した。希釈係数は1:10000であった。試薬は速やかに使用した。
20mlの100mMの酢酸ナトリウム、pH4.9を、200μlのTMBストック溶液および29.5μlの3%の過酸化水素溶液を混合した。溶液は速やかに使用した。
1.100μlの結合抗体溶液/ウェルを適用し、一晩、4℃においてインキュベートした。
2.抗体溶液を廃棄し、ウェルを、250μlのPBSTバッファーで3回洗浄した。
3.265μlのブロッキング溶液/ウェルを加え、1.5時間、室温においてインキュベートした。
4.ブロッキング溶液を廃棄し、ウェルを、250μlのPBSTバッファーで3回洗浄した。
5.カニクイザル血漿段階希釈液の調製後、100μl/ウェルのこれらの希釈液をプレートに適用した。プレートを、2時間、室温においてインキュベートした。
6.カニクイザル血漿希釈液を廃棄し、ウェルを、250μlのPBSTバッファーで3回洗浄した。
7.100μlの一次抗体溶液/ウェルを加え、1時間、室温においてインキュベートした。
8.一次抗体溶液を廃棄し、ウェルを、250μlのPBSTバッファーで3回洗浄した。
9.200μlの標識溶液/ウェルを加え、1時間、室温においてインキュベートした。
10.標識溶液を廃棄し、ウェルを、250μlのPBSTバッファーで3回洗浄した。
11.100μlのTMB溶液を各ウェルに加えた。
12.プレートの色を、発色の間モニターし(5−15分、周囲温度において)、適切な色に発色した時に、50μl/ウェルの停止溶液を加えることによって反応を終了させた。
13.吸光度を、450nmにおいて読み取った。
血漿希釈因子(X−値)を、式:X=log(X)を使用して対数変換した。データを、対数変換したX−値を使用して、血漿の希釈(1:X)を表すX軸にプロットした。H列の個々のPBSTブランクのOD450nm値を、A−G列の各カラムの血漿段階希釈液の値から差し引いた。得られたバックグラウンドを補正したOD450nm値をY軸にプロットした。希釈効果曲線を、これらのデータ点から、非線形回帰の「4パラメータロジスティック方程式」および「最小二乗法(通常)」フィッティング法(フィッティング方法「S字型用量−応答(可変スロープ)」と同じである。)を使用するカーブフィッティングにより、データ分析ソフトウェアパッケージGraphPadPrism (Version5.03;GraphPad Software Inc.)を使用して計算した。カーブフィッティングは、唯一の目的であるデータの可視化のために実施したが、任意のさらなる計算、すなわち、曲線下面積の計算に基づくものではない。曲線下面積(AUCまたは全ピーク面積)は、非曲線あてはめデータ、対数変換されたX−値および測定範囲内のOD450nm値(最終血漿希釈は1:3.16から1:3160)に基づいて決定した。下記の計算設定を、データ分析ソフトウェアパッケージ GraphPadPrism (Version 5.03;GraphPad Software Inc.)に使用した:
−ベースラインはY=0.0に設定した。
−最小ピークの高さ:最小のYから最大のYまでの距離の10%未満であるピークは無視した。
−ピークの方向:定義により、すべてのピークがベースラインより上へ向かっていなければならない。
各個別の抗体に関して、PF4濃縮係数を、市販の抗HPF4抗体(Abcamカタログ番号:ab49735)を、PF4認識の参照抗体として使用して計算し、
下記を除いて、試薬調製のために、実施例3.1と同じ試薬および手順を使用した:
ヒトPF4(7.3mg/ml;Molecular Innovation カタログ番号HPF4;−30℃において保存)をスパイクしたヒト血漿(4例の異なるドナー由来のヒトEDTA血漿プール;−30℃において保存)を、カニクイザル血漿の代わりに使用した。HPF4−スパイクヒト血漿ストック溶液は、下記のように調製した。
2mlのヒト血漿プールを、10分間、10000gにおいて遠心分離機にかけた。1.58mlの上清を取り出し、3.42mlのPBST+0.5%のBSAを用いて希釈した(=1:3.16希釈)。その後50μlのH2O中10mg/mlトリプシン阻害剤を加えた。10分間の室温におけるインキュベーション後、試料を、0.22μmのフィルター(Millipore カタログ番号SLGS0250S)を通してろ過した。
1μlのHPF4を、99μlのPBST+0.5%のBSAバッファーに加えた=73μg/ml。
0.69μlの73μg/mlのHPF4ストック溶液を、5mlの1:3.16希釈したヒト血漿に加え、10ng/mlのHPF4をスパイクしたヒト血漿ストック希釈を得た。
実施例3.1に記載の試薬および整列抗体の抗マウスIgG(Fc特異的;ヤギにおいて産生される;Sigmaカタログ番号:M3534;2.3mg/ml;参照実験R3中のマウス結合抗体に関しては−20℃において保存)および抗ヒトIgG(Fc特異的;ヤギにおいて産生される;Sigma カタログ番号:I2136;2.2mg/ml;実験E3のヒト、ヒト化およびヒト/マウスキメラの結合抗体に関しては−20℃において保存)を使用した。
ブロッキング溶液、一次抗体およびTMB溶液は、実施例3.1に記載のように調製した。
400μlのカニクイザル血漿プールを、10分間、10000gにおいて遠心分離機にかけた。1.58μlの上清を取り出し、684μlのPBST+0.5%のBSAを用いて希釈した(=1:3.16希釈)。その後10μlのH2O中10mg/mlのトリプシン阻害剤を加えた。10分間の室温におけるインキュベーション後、試料を、0.22μmのフィルター(Milliporeカタログ番号SLGS0250S)を通してろ過した。その後、500μlのこの1:3.16希釈した血漿試料を、15.3mlのPBST+0.5%のBSAバッファーを用いて1:31.6に再度希釈し、1:100の合計希釈液を得た。
凍結乾燥された抗ウサギ−PODコンジュゲートを、0.5mlの水で再構成した。500μlのグリセロールを加え、アリコートの100μlを、さらなる使用のために−20℃において保存した。濃縮された標識試薬を、PBSTバッファーで希釈した。希釈係数は1:5000であった。試薬は速やかに使用した。
1.100μlの個々の整列抗体溶液(実験E3のために抗ヒトIgG;参照実験R3のために抗マウスIgG)/ウェルを適用し、一晩、4℃においてインキュベートした。
2.抗体溶液を廃棄し、ウェルを、250μlのPBST−バッファーを用いて3回洗浄した。
3.265μlのブロッキング溶液/ウェルを加え、2時間、室温においてインキュベートした。
4.ブロッキング溶液を廃棄し、ウェルを、250μlのPBST−バッファーを用いて3回洗浄した。
5.各結合抗体の段階希釈液の調製後、100μl/ウェルのこれらの抗体希釈液をプレートに適用した。プレートを、2時間室温においてインキュベートした。
6.抗体溶液を廃棄し、ウェルを、250μlのPBST−バッファーを用いて3回洗浄した。
7.100μlのカニクイザル血漿の1:100希釈液/ウェルを加え、2時間、室温においてインキュベートした。
8.血漿溶液を廃棄し、ウェルを、250μlのPBST−バッファーを用いて3回洗浄した。
9.100μlの一次抗体溶液/ウェルを加え、1時間、室温においてインキュベートした。
10.一次抗体溶液を廃棄し、ウェルを、250μlのPBST−バッファーを用いて3回洗浄した。
11.200μlの標識試薬/ウェルを加え、1時間、室温においてインキュベートした。
12.標識試薬を廃棄し、ウェルを、250μlのPBST−バッファーを用いて3回洗浄した。
13.100μlのTMB溶液を各ウェルに加えた。
14.プレートの色を、発色の間モニターし(5−15分、周囲温度において)、適切な色に発色した時に、50μl/ウェルの停止溶液を加えることによって反応を終了させた。
15.吸光度を、450nmにおいて読み取った。
下記を除いて、試薬調製のために、実施例3.3に関する同じ試薬および手順を使用した:
実験E4に使用した各整列抗体を、コーティングバッファー中10μg/mlに希釈し、実験R4に使用した各整列抗体を、コーティングバッファー中50μg/mlに希釈した。
4mlのヒト血漿プールを、10分間、10000gにおいて遠心分離機にかけた。3.16mlの上清を取り出し、6.84mlのPBST+0.5%のBSAを用いて希釈した(=1:3.16希釈)。その後100μlのH2O中10mg/mlのトリプシン阻害剤を加えた。10分間の室温におけるインキュベーション後、試料を、0.22μmのフィルター(Millipore カタログ番号SLGS0250S)を通してろ過した。その後、5mlのこの1:3.16希釈した血漿試料を、10.8mlのPBST+0.5%のBSAバッファーを用いて1:3.16に再度希釈し、1:10の合計希釈液を得た。
1μlのHPF4を、99μlのPBST+0.5%のBSAバッファーに加えた=73μg/ml。
1.64μlの73μg/mlのHPF4ストック溶液を12mlの1:10希釈したヒト血漿に加え、10ng/mlのHPF4スパイクヒト血漿ストック希釈液を得た。
Claims (19)
- 配列番号6または配列番号10のアミノ酸配列である可変重鎖アミノ酸配列、および配列番号14のアミノ酸配列である可変軽鎖アミノ酸配列を含む、抗Aβ(20−42)グロブロマー抗体。
- 可変重鎖アミノ酸配列が配列番号6のアミノ酸配列である、請求項1に記載の抗体。
- 可変重鎖アミノ酸配列が配列番号10のアミノ酸配列である、請求項1に記載の抗体。
- 免疫グロブリン分子、ジスルフィド連結したFv、モノクローナル抗体、scFv、キメラ抗体、CDRグラフト化抗体、ダイアボディ、ヒト化抗体、多特異的抗体、Fab、二重特異的抗体、DVD、Fab’、二特異的抗体、F(ab’)2、およびFvからなる群から選択される、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
- 免疫グロブリン分子、モノクローナル抗体、CDRグラフト化抗体、およびヒト化抗体からなる群から選択される、請求項4に記載の抗体。
- 配列番号25および配列番号26からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を有する免疫グロブリン重鎖定常領域をさらに含む、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
- 配列番号27および配列番号28からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を有する免疫グロブリン軽鎖定常領域をさらに含む、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
- ・配列番号46の重鎖アミノ酸配列、および
・配列番号48の軽鎖アミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載の抗体。 - ・配列番号47の重鎖アミノ酸配列、および
・配列番号48の軽鎖アミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載の抗体。 - ヒトグリコシル化パターンを有する、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の抗体、ならびに免疫接着分子、造影剤および治療薬からなる群から選択される剤を含み、前記治療薬がヒトの損なわれた脳の認知能力を改善し、前記抗体が剤に結合している、化合物。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の抗体をコードしている、単離された核酸。
- 請求項12に記載の単離された核酸を含むベクター。
- 請求項13に記載のベクターを含む宿主細胞。
- 抗体を生成するのに十分な条件下、請求項14に記載の宿主細胞を培養培地中で培養することを含む、抗Aβ(20−42)グロブロマー抗体を生成する方法。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の抗体または請求項11に記載の化合物、ならびに薬学的に許容される担体を含む、医薬組成物。
- 少なくとも1つのさらなる治療薬をさらに含み、前記さらなる治療薬がヒトの損なわれた脳の認知能力を改善する、請求項16に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の抗体または請求項11に記載の化合物を制御放出または持続放出するための組成物であって、
(a)結晶化されている前記抗体または結晶化されている前記化合物、およびアルブミン、ショ糖、トレハロース、ラクチトール、ゼラチン、ヒドロキシプロピル−β−シクロデキストリン、メトキシポリエチレングリコール、およびポリエチレングリコールからなる群から選択される成分を含む製剤、ならびに
(b)少なくとも1つのポリマー担体
を含む、組成物。 - 全身性ALアミロイドーシス、結節性ALアミロイドーシス、全身性AAアミロイドーシス、前立腺アミロイドーシス、血液透析アミロイドーシス、家族性内臓アミロイドーシス、老人性全身性アミロイドーシス、家族性心アミロイドーシス、アルツハイマー病およびダウン症候群からなる群から選択される疾患または障害について対象を処置するための、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の抗体または請求項11に記載の化合物を含む、医薬組成物。
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CA2796339A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
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