JP5684207B2 - シリコン又はシリコンベースの材料で構成される構造化粒子の製造方法及びリチウム蓄電池におけるそれらの使用 - Google Patents
シリコン又はシリコンベースの材料で構成される構造化粒子の製造方法及びリチウム蓄電池におけるそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 86
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 34
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011262 electrochemically active material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- -1 fluoride ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZQXCQTAELHSNAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC(Cl)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 ZQXCQTAELHSNAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940104869 fluorosilicate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001634884 Cochlicopa lubricella Species 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100136092 Drosophila melanogaster peng gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910016703 F—Si—F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018116 Li 21 Si 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008284 Si—F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011855 lithium-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002409 silicon-based active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011866 silicon-based anode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
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- C01B33/021—Preparation
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/52—Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption
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- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T117/00—Single-crystal, oriented-crystal, and epitaxy growth processes; non-coating apparatus therefor
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- Y10T117/102—Apparatus for forming a platelet shape or a small diameter, elongate, generally cylindrical shape [e.g., whisker, fiber, needle, filament]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
Description
第1段階において、ノルウェーのElkemの「Silgrain」のような、広く利用可能である金属グレードシリコンを細かく砕き、ふるい分けし、10〜1000μm、好ましくは30〜300μm及びより好ましくは50〜100μmの範囲の粒子を製造した。
第2段階は、大きい粒子に刺さった微細な粒子を全て除去するための、粉砕されふるい分けされた粒子の水中での洗浄を含んだ。次いで、存在し得る有機又は金属不純物を除くため、洗浄された粒子を希HNO3 (1mol・L)又はH2SO4/H2O2 (体積比1:2)又はH2O2/NH3H2O/H2O2 (体積比1:1:1)中で10分間処理した。
第3段階において、17.5 ml HF (40%)+20ml AgNO3 (0.06 mol/l)+2.5ml EtOH (97.5%)+10 ml H2Oの溶液中で、7〜10分間、室温(〜23℃)で、約400×300×200μmの寸法のシリコン粒子0.1 gを用いて、核形成反応を行った。同じ重量のシリコンでより小さいシリコン粒子のためには、増大した表面積対体積比のために、より大きい溶液体積が必要である。
第4段階はエッチングを含む。エッチング反応は、1〜1.5時間、室温(〜23℃)で17.5 ml HF (40%)+12.5ml Fe(NO3)3 (0.06 mol・l)+2 ml AgNO3 (0.06mol・l)+18 ml H2Oの溶液を用いて、約400×300×200μmの寸法を有するシリコン粒子0.1 gを用いた。同じ重量のシリコンでより小さいシリコン粒子のためには、増大した表面積対体積比のために、より大きい溶液体積が必要である。さらに、粒子サイズが減少したとき、より小さいシリコン粒子のためにはより短い時間が必要であり、例えば、100〜120μm(篩いサイズ)サンプルのためには30分、63〜80μmサンプルのためには20分が必要である。
プロセスの最終段階は、第3及び第4段階のエッチングされたシリコン粒子上に残された銀を除去することを含む。銀は15% HNO3 の溶液を5〜10分間用いて除去(及び回収)した。
Claims (20)
- シリコンを含むファイバーを製造する方法であって、
シリコンを含み、コアと、該コアから伸びる複数のピラーを有する粒子から、該ピラーを剥離して、前記ファイバーを形成する、方法。 - 前記ピラーを、掻き取り、撹拌、超音波撹拌又は化学的エッチングの一以上によって剥離する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ピラーが、0.70μm未満の直径又は横断寸法を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記ピラーが、0.08μmから0.70μm未満の範囲の直径又は横断寸法を有する、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記ピラーが、100μm未満の長さを有する、請求項1乃至4の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ピラーが、4μmから100μm未満の範囲の長さを有する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記ピラーが、6:1より大きいアスペクト比を有する、請求項1乃至6の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子及び/又は前記ピラーが、ドープされていないシリコン、ドープされたシリコン、n−タイプシリコン又はシリコンゲルマニウム混合物を含む、請求項1乃至7の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子は、シリコン純度が90.00から99.95質量%である、請求項1乃至8の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子が、金属グレードシリコンである、請求項1乃至9の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子が、1mm未満の直径を有する、請求項1乃至10の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子が、10μmから1mm未満の直径を有する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記シリコンが、単結晶又は多結晶である、請求項1乃至12の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ピラーが、単結晶である、請求項1乃至13の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- シリコンを含む粒子をエッチングして、前記コアから伸びる複数のピラーを形成するステップをさらに含む、請求項1乃至14の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ピラーを、化学反応エッチング又は電気交換エッチングによって形成する、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記ファイバーを、電極の電気化学的活物質として配置するステップをさらに含む、請求項1乃至16の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ファイバーと、溶媒を含むスラリーを調製するステップと、前記スラリーを集電体上にコーティングするステップと、前記溶媒を揮発させて複合膜を形成するステップを含む複合電極を形成するステップをさらに含む、請求項1乃至17の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ファイバーを、アノードの電気化学的活物質として配置するステップと、
カソードと電解質を加えてリチウム再充電セルを形成するステップをさらに含む、請求項1乃至18の何れか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記複数のピラーが規則的又は不規則的配列を形成する、請求項1乃至19の何れか一項に記載の方法。
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