JP5484254B2 - シリコン又はシリコンベースの材料で構成される構造化粒子の製造方法及びリチウム蓄電池におけるそれらの使用 - Google Patents
シリコン又はシリコンベースの材料で構成される構造化粒子の製造方法及びリチウム蓄電池におけるそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 93
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 36
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100136092 Drosophila melanogaster peng gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 229910016703 F—Si—F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018116 Li 21 Si 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008284 Si—F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011262 electrochemically active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
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Description
第1段階において、ノルウェーのElkemの「Silgrain」のような、広く利用可能である金属グレードシリコンを細かく砕き、ふるい分けし、10〜1000μm、好ましくは30〜300μm及びより好ましくは50〜100μmの範囲の粒子を製造した。
第2段階は、大きい粒子に刺さった微細な粒子を全て除去するための、粉砕されふるい分けされた粒子の水中での洗浄を含んだ。次いで、存在し得る有機又は金属不純物を除くため、洗浄された粒子を希HNO3 (1mol・L)又はH2SO4/H2O2 (体積比1:2)又はH2O2/NH3H2O/H2O2 (体積比1:1:1)中で10分間処理した。
第3段階において、17.5 ml HF (40%)+20ml AgNO3 (0.06 mol/l)+2.5ml EtOH (97.5%)+10 ml H2Oの溶液中で、7〜10分間、室温(〜23℃)で、約400×300×200μmの寸法のシリコン粒子0.1 gを用いて、核形成反応を行った。同じ重量のシリコンでより小さいシリコン粒子のためには、増大した表面積対体積比のために、より大きい溶液体積が必要である。
第4段階はエッチングを含む。エッチング反応は、1〜1.5時間、室温(〜23℃)で17.5 ml HF (40%)+12.5ml Fe(NO3)3 (0.06 mol・l)+2 ml AgNO3 (0.06mol・l)+18 ml H2Oの溶液を用いて、約400×300×200μmの寸法を有するシリコン粒子0.1 gを用いた。同じ重量のシリコンでより小さいシリコン粒子のためには、増大した表面積対体積比のために、より大きい溶液体積が必要である。さらに、粒子サイズが減少したとき、より小さいシリコン粒子のためにはより短い時間が必要であり、例えば、100〜120μm(篩いサイズ)サンプルのためには30分、63〜80μmサンプルのためには20分が必要である。
プロセスの最終段階は、第3及び第4段階のエッチングされたシリコン粒子上に残された銀を除去することを含む。銀は15% HNO3 の溶液を5〜10分間用いて除去(及び回収)した。
[付記]
1.シリコンを含む粒子であって、該粒子が、粒子核及びそれらから伸長したシリコン含有ピラーのアレイを有する粒子。
2.前記アレイが規則的である、上記に記載の粒子。
3.前記アレイが不規則である、上記に記載の粒子。
4.前記ピラーが0.08から0.70ミクロンの範囲の第1寸法を有する、上記の何れかの粒子。
5.前記ピラーが、4から100ミクロンの範囲の第2寸法を有する、上記の何れかの粒子。
6.前記ピラーが、20:1より大きいアスペクト比を有する、上記の何れかに記載の粒子。
7.前記ピラーが、実質的に円形の断面を有する、上記の何れかに記載の粒子。
8.前記ピラーが実質的に非円形の断面を有する、上記の何れかに記載の粒子。
9.前記粒子及び/又はピラーが、ドープされていないシリコン、ドープされたシリコン又はシリコンゲルマニウム混合物を含む、上記の何れかの粒子。
10.前記シリコンの含有量が、90.00から99.95質量%、好ましくは90.0から99.5%である、上記の何れかの粒子。
11.前記粒子が金属グレードシリコンである、上記の何れかの粒子。
12.規則的断面を有する、上記の何れかの粒子。
13.不規則な断面を有する、上記の何れかの粒子。
14.10μmから1mm、好ましくは20μmから150μm、より好ましくは25μmから75μmの第1寸法を有する、上記の何れかの粒子。
15.前記粒子核が結晶又は多結晶である、上記の何れかの粒子。
16.ピラーによって占められた前記粒子核の表面積の割合が、0.10から0.50、好ましくは0.20から0.40及びより好ましくは0.25から0.35である、上記の何れかの粒子。
17.上記の何れかに記載の粒子を製造する方法であって、シリコンを含む粒子をエッチングする工程を含む方法。
18.前記ピラーが化学反応エッチングによって作成される、上記に記載の方法。
19.前記ピラーが、ガルバニック交換エッチングによって作成される、上記に記載の方法。
20.上記の何れかで定義された粒子をその活物質の一つとして含有する電極。
21.銅を集電体として用いる、上記に記載の電極。
22.前記電極がアノードである、上記に記載の複合電極。
23.上記の何れかに記載の電極を含む電気化学的電池。
24.カソードが、リチウムイオンを放出及び再吸収できるリチウム含有化合物をその活物質として含む、上記に記載の電気化学的電池。
25.カソードが、リチウム系金属酸化物、硫化物又はホスフェートをその活物質として含む、上記に記載の電気化学的電池。
26.上記の何れかで定義された粒子をその活物質の一つとして含む、リチウム蓄電池のアノード。
27.前記粒子が複合フィルムの一部である、上記に記載のアノード。
28.上記の何れかに記載のアノード及びカソードを含む電池。
29.前記カソードがリチウム系材料を含む、上記に記載の電池。
30.前記カソードがコバルト酸リチウムを含む、上記に記載の電池。
31.上記の何れかに記載の電池によって駆動されるデバイス。
32.複合電極を作成する方法であって、上記の何れかに記載された粒子を含む、溶剤を基剤にしたスラリーを調製する工程と、該スラリーを集電体に塗布する工程と、該溶剤を蒸発させて複合フィルムを作成する工程とを含む方法。
33.リチウム蓄電池を製造する方法であって、上記の何れかに記載のアノードを作成する工程と、カソード及び電解質を加える工程を含む方法。
34.前記カソードと前記アノードの間にセパレーターを加えることをさらに含む、上記に記載の方法。
35.前記電池の周囲に容器を提供することをさらに含む、上記に記載の方法。
36.シリコン含有ファイバーを製造する方法であって、前記ピラーが、掻取り、撹拌又は化学的エッチングの一以上によって、上記の何れかにより定義された粒子から剥離される方法。
Claims (17)
- シリコンを含む粒子であって、該粒子が、粒子核及びそれらから伸長したシリコン含有ピラーのアレイを有する粒子。
- 前記ピラーが0.08から0.70ミクロンの範囲の前記ピラーの断面の直径である第1寸法を有する、請求項1に記載の粒子。
- 前記ピラーが、4から100ミクロンの範囲の前記ピラーの高さである第2寸法を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の粒子。
- 前記ピラーが、20:1より大きいアスペクト比を有する、請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の粒子。
- 前記ピラーが、円形の断面を有する、請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載の粒子。
- 前記ピラーが非円形の断面を有する、請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載の粒子。
- 前記粒子及び/又はピラーが、ドープされていないシリコン、ドープされたシリコン又はシリコンゲルマニウム混合物を含む、請求項1〜6の何れか一項に記載の粒子。
- 前記シリコンの含有量が、90.00から99.95質量%である、請求項1〜7の何れか一項に記載の粒子。
- 前記シリコンの含有量が、90.0から99.5質量%である、請求項8に記載の粒子。
- 前記粒子が金属グレードシリコンである、請求項1〜9の何れか一項に記載の粒子。
- 当該粒子は、10μmから1mmの直径を有する、請求項1〜10の何れか一項に記載の粒子。
- 当該粒子は、20μmから150μmの直径を有する、請求項11に記載の粒子。
- 当該粒子は、25μmから75μmの直径を有する、請求項12に記載の粒子。
- 前記シリコンが単結晶又は多結晶である、請求項1〜13の何れか一項に記載の粒子。
- ピラーによって占められた前記粒子核の表面積の割合が、0.10から0.50である、請求項1〜14の何れか一項に記載の粒子。
- 電極に適した、請求項1〜15の何れか一項に記載の粒子。
- リチウムイオン電池用の電極に適した、請求項16に記載の粒子。
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