JP5118175B2 - 非活性時の送受信局の消費電力を節約したスペクトラム拡散通信システム - Google Patents

非活性時の送受信局の消費電力を節約したスペクトラム拡散通信システム Download PDF

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JP5118175B2
JP5118175B2 JP2010173809A JP2010173809A JP5118175B2 JP 5118175 B2 JP5118175 B2 JP 5118175B2 JP 2010173809 A JP2010173809 A JP 2010173809A JP 2010173809 A JP2010173809 A JP 2010173809A JP 5118175 B2 JP5118175 B2 JP 5118175B2
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ロンプ,ゲリー
コワルスキー,ジョン
オズルタルク,ファティ
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インターデイジタル テクノロジー コーポレーション
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Description

この発明は送受信局の各々の非活性時における消費電力を節約したスペクトラム拡散通信システムに関する。
ルーラル電話システムや発展途上国における電話システムなど遠隔地として分類される利用者群に高品質の電話通信サービスを提供することが近年課題になってきた。これらの需要の一部は、固定式または移動式の周波数分割多重(FDM)システム、周波数多元接続(FDMA)システム、時分割多重(TDM)システム、時分割多元接続(TDMA)システム、周波数分割および時分割組合せシステム(FD/TDMA)、およびこれら以外の陸上移動無線システムなどの無線サービスによって満たされてきた。通常これらの遠隔地電話サービスは、周波数帯域幅またはスペクトル帯域幅容量によって同時並行的にサポートできる数よりも多数の潜在的利用者に対処しなければならない。
これらの制約を考慮して、無線通信の最近の進歩は複数の利用者による同時並行の通信を提供するのに、スペクトラム拡散変調手法を用いている。スペクトラム拡散変調とは、拡散符号信号、すなわち符号発生器で生成され情報データビットまたはシンボル信号の周期よりも短い周期TCの拡散符号信号で情報信号を変調することを意味する。情報信号送信用の搬送波周波数を上記符号信号で変調して周波数ホッピング拡散とすることもでき、また情報データ信号を拡散符号信号に乗算して直接系列拡散(DS)とすることもできる。スペクトラム拡散変調は、情報信号の送信に必要な帯域幅よりも実質的に大きい帯域幅の信号を生成する。受信機で受信信号を同期復調し逆拡散することによって原情報信号を再生する。受信機の同期復調器は基準信号を用いて逆拡散回路を入力スペクトラム拡散被変調信号に同期させ、搬送波および情報信号を再生する。この基準信号は、情報信号による変調を受けていない拡散符号で構成できる。
無線通信網にスペクトラム拡散変調を用いると、多数の利用者が相互間干渉を最小限に抑えながら同一の周波数帯域を利用できるので多くの利点が得られる。スペクトラム拡散変調は他の干渉源からの影響も低減する。また、同期スペクトラム拡散変調復調手法は、各々が互いに異なる拡散符号でスペクトラム拡散されしかも単一の基準信号のみを利用者に送信する複数メッセージチャネルをその単一の利用者のために設けることによって拡張できる。
多元接続スペクトラム拡散通信システムに伴うもう一つの問題は、利用者の使える電力が限られているために、システム内の利用者の送信電力合計値を減らす必要があることである。スペクトラム拡散システムにおける電力制御の必要性という関連の問題は、一人の利用者のスペクトラム拡散信号がもう一人の利用者の受信機にある電力レベルの雑音として受信されるというスペクトラム拡散システム固有の特性に関係する。したがって、高い信号電力レベルで送信する利用者は、他の利用者の受信に支障を与え得る。また、一方の利用者が他方の利用者の地理的な位置に対して移動する場合は、信号フェージングおよび歪みのために、利用者はその送信電力レベルを信号品質維持のために調整する必要が生ずる。同時に、システムは基地局がすべての利用者から受信する電力を相対的に一定に維持しなければならない。最後に、スペクトラム拡散システムでは同時並行的にサポートできるよりも多い遠隔利用者が発呼する場合があり得るので、最大システム電力レベル到達時に追加の利用者を拒絶する容量管理方法を電力制御システムに用いなければならない。
従来のスペクトラム拡散システムは、受信信号を計測して適応電力制御(APC)信号を遠隔利用者に送信する基地局を用いている。遠隔利用者はAPC信号に応答する自動利得制御(AGC)回路を備える送信機を有する。そのシステムにおいては、基地局はシステム全体の電力の総計または各利用者からの電力を監視し、その結果に応じてAPC信号を設定する。この開ループシステム性能は、遠隔利用者が基地局から受信した信号電力の測定を行い、APC信号を基地局に返送して閉ループ電力制御方法を行うことによって向上し得る。
USP 5 265 119 特開平5−244056号公報
しかし、これらの電力制御システムにはいくつかの欠点がある。第1に、基地局は複雑な電力制御アルゴリズムを実行する必要があり、その結果、基地局におけるデータ処理量が増加する。第2に、システムは実際にいくつかの種類の電力変動、すなわち利用者数の変動によって生じる雑音電力の変動および特定のベアラチャネルの受信信号電力の変動を受ける。これらの変動は互いに異なる頻度で発生するので、上記2つの種類の変化の一方だけを補償するために簡単な電力制御アルゴリズムを最適化できる。最後に、これらの電力アルゴリズムはシステムの電力総量を比較的高レベルに駆動する傾向がある。したがって、ベアラチャネル電力レベルの変動に迅速に応答し、同時に利用者数の変動に応答してすべての利用者の送信電力を調整するスペクトラム拡散電力制御方法が必要になっている。
また、個々の遠隔受信機において十分なBERを維持しながらシステムの電力総量を最小限に抑える閉ループ電力制御システムを用いた改良型スペクトラム拡散通信システムが必要になっている。さらに、このようなシステムは、遠隔利用者の初期送信電力レベルを制御し、全システム容量を管理しなければならない。
この発明の目的は、スペクトラム拡散通信システムを構成する複数の送受信局の非活性時における消費電力をできるだけ低いレベルに維持することである。
本発明は、スペクトラム拡散通信システムの無線搬送波局(RCS)および一群の加入者局ユニット(SU)のための閉ループ自動電力制御(APC)のためのシステムおよび方法を含む。SUはスペクトラム拡散信号を送信し、RCSはスペクトラム拡散信号を捕捉し、RCSはスペクトラム拡散信号および雑音などあらゆる干渉信号の受信電力レベルを検出する。APCシステムはRCSおよび複数のSUを有し、RCSは複数の順方向チャネル情報信号を各順方向送信電力レベルを有する複数の順方向チャネルスペクトラム拡散信号としてSUに送信し、各SUは各逆方向送信電力レベルを有する少なくとも一つの逆方向スペクトラム拡散信号および逆方向チャネル情報信号を有する少なくとも一つの逆方向チャネルスペクトラム拡散信号を基地局に送信する。
APCは順方向電力自動制御(AFPC)システムと、逆方向電力自動制御(ARPC)システムとを有する。AFPCは、各SUにおいて順方向チャネル情報信号それぞれの順方向SN比を測定する過程と、順方向SN比それぞれと所定のSN比値との間の順方向誤差の測定値を含むそれぞれの順方向チャネル誤差信号を発生する過程とを含む。順方向チャネル誤差信号はチャネル内の非相関雑音の測定値も含む。それぞれの順方向チャネル誤差信号をそれぞれの逆方向チャネル情報信号の一部としてSUから送信する。RCSは逆方向チャネル情報信号を受信するとともに逆方向チャネル情報信号から順方向チャネル誤差信号を抽出するための複数のAFPC受信機を有する。また、RCSはそれぞれの順方向誤差信号にそれぞれ応答する順方向スペクトラム拡散信号各々の順方向送信電力レベルを調整する。
RCS内のARPCシステムの部分は、逆方向チャネル情報信号の各々の逆方向チャネルSN比を測定し、逆方向チャネルSN比それぞれと所定のSN比値との間の誤差の測定値を含む逆方向チャネル誤差信号それぞれを生成する。その逆方向チャネル誤差信号はそのチャネルにおける非相関雑音の測定値も含む。RCSは逆方向チャネル誤差信号それぞれを順方向チャネル情報信号それぞれの一部として送信する。各SUは、順方向チャネル情報信号を受信するとともに逆方向誤差信号それぞれを順方向チャネル情報信号から抽出し、逆方向誤差信号それぞれに応答して逆方向スペクトラム拡散信号それぞれの逆方向送信電力レベルを調整するARPC受信機を有する。
本発明によると、各送受信局の非活性時における消費電力を最小に抑えたスペクトラム拡散通信システムを提供できる。
本発明による符号分割多元接続通信システムのブロック図である。 本発明の維持電力制御アルゴリズムの例の流れ図である。 本発明の順方向電力自動制御アルゴリズムの例の流れ図である。 本発明の逆方向電力自動制御アルゴリズムの例の流れ図である。 ベアラチャネルの確立時の本発明の閉ループ電力制御システムの例のブロック図である。 ベアラチャネルの確立の過程における本発明の閉ループ電力制御システムの例のブロック図である。
本発明のシステムは、一つ以上の基地局と複数の遠隔加入者ユニットとの間の無線リンクを用いて加入回線電話サービス、すなわち地域集団電話サービスを提供する。実施例においては無線リンクを固定加入者ユニット(FSU)と交信する基地局について説明するが、このシステムはFSUおよび移動加入者ユニット(MSU)の両方への無線リンクを有する複数の基地局を含むシステムにも同様に適用できる。したがって遠隔加入者ユニットをこの明細書では加入者ユニット(SU)と呼ぶ。
図1を参照すると、基地局(BS)101は加入者線交換機(LE)103または構内交換機(PBX)など上記以外の電話網交換インタフェースに呼接続を提供するものであり、無線搬送波局(RCS)104を有する。一つ以上のRCS104、105および110がリンク131、132、137、138および139経由で無線分配ユニット(RDU)102に接続され、RDU102が電話会社局線141、142および150経由で呼設定信号、制御信号および情報信号の送受信によってLE103とインタフェースを形成する。SU116および119は無線リンク161、162、163、164および165経由でRCS104と交信する。代替的実施例では、いくつかのSUと機能的にRCSと同等の「主」SUとを有する。その実施例では、市内電話網への接続はあってもなくても差し支えない。
この実施例は送受信スペクトラム拡散チャネルに搬送波を中心として互いに異なるスペクトラム拡散帯域幅を用いているが、本発明の手法は送信チャネル用に複数のスペクトラム拡散帯域幅を用い受信チャネル用に複数のスペクトラム拡散帯域幅を用いたシステムにも容易に拡張できる。スペクトラム拡散通信システムは一方の利用者の送信が他方の利用者の逆拡散受信機には雑音に見える本来の特徴を有するので、実施例では送信経路チャネルおよび受信経路チャネルの両方に同じスペクトラム拡散チャネルを用いることもできる。換言すると、アップリンクおよびダウンリンク伝送に同一の周波数帯域を用いることができる。本発明の実施例は、周波数を隣接させる必要のない複数スペクトラム拡散チャネルを用いることもできる。この実施例では、アップリンク、ダウンリンクまたはアップリンクおよびダウンリンクの両方にどのチャネルでも使うことができる。
実施例では、スペクトラム拡散ずみ2進シンボル情報をナイキストパルス成形付きの直交位相偏移(QPSK)変調により無線リンク161乃至165経由で送信する。オフセットQPSK(OQPSK)および最小偏移(MSK)、ガウス位相偏移(GPSK)、M次位相偏移(MPSK)など上記以外の変調手法を用いることもできる。
RCSまたはSUの内部のCDMA復調器は、マルチパス伝搬効果の解消または利用に適切な処理で信号を逆拡散する。受信電力レベルに関するパラメータを用いて自動電力制御(APC)情報を発生し、この情報を通信リンクの他端に送信する。APC情報は順方向電力自動制御(AFPC)リンクおよび逆方向電力自動制御(ARPC)リンクの送信電力を制御するのに用いる。さらに、各RCS104、105、110は、APCと同様に保守電力制御(MPC)を実行して各SU111、112、115、117、118の初期送信電力を調整することができる。復調は、パイロット信号が位相基準を設定するコヒーレント復調である。
RCS104とSU111、112、115、117および118との間の無線インタフェースの送信電力レベルは二つの互いに異なる閉ループ電力制御方法を用いて制御する。順方向電力自動制御(AFPC)方法がダウンリンク送信電力レベルを決定し、逆方向電力自動制御(ARPC)方法がアップリンク送信電力レベルを決定する。例えばSU111およびRCS104が電力制御情報を転送する論理制御チャネルは、最低16KHzの更新レートで動作する。上記以外の実施例では、例えば64KHzなど上記よりも速いまたは遅い更新レートを用いる。これらのアルゴリズムは、利用者送信電力が許容可能なビット誤り率(BER)を維持し、節電のためにシステム電力を最低限に維持し、RCS104におけるSU111、112、115、117および118からの受信電力レベルすべてをほぼ等しいレベルに維持することを確実にする。
また、このシステムはSUの非活性状態の期間中にオプションの維持電力制御方法を用いる。電力節約のためにSU111が非活性状態または電源オフの状態にあるとき、このユニットはRCS104からの維持電力制御信号に応答して初期送信電力レベル設定を調整するようにときどき活性化する。維持電力制御信号は、SU111の受信電力レベルおよび現在のシステム電力レベルの測定および所要初期送信電力の計算によってRCS104が算定する。この方法は通信開始時のSU111のチャネル捕捉時間を短縮する。また、この方法はSU111の送信電力レベルが高くなりすぎたり、閉ループ電力制御が送信電力をそのチャネル内の他のメッセージトラフィックに適切なレベルに調節する前の初期送信期間中に他のチャネルに干渉したりすることを防ぐ。
RCS104は、これに限られるわけではないが、E1、T1またはHDSLインタフェースなどのインタフェースラインからそのクロックの同期をとる。また、RCS104の各々は全地球測位システム(GPS)受信機で調整可能な発振器から内部クロック信号を発生させることもできる。RCS104は、拡散符号を有するもののデータ変調は伴わないチャネルであるグローバルパイロット符号を発生し、遠隔のSU111乃至118による捕捉に供する。RCSの全送信チャネルをパイロットチャネルに同期させ、RCS104内の論理通信チャネル用の符号発生器(図示せず)の拡散符号位相をパイロットチャネルの拡散符号位相に同期させる。同様に、RCS104のグローバルパイロット符号を受信するSU111乃至118はSUの符号発生器(図示せず)の拡散符号位相および逆拡散符号位相をグローバルパイロット符号に同期させる。
[論理通信チャネル]
従来の「チャネル」はインタフェースの一部であり、内容に関係なくそのインタフェースのそれ以外の経路と区別できる通信経路と通常見なされる。しかし、CDMAの場合は互いに別々の通信経路はその内容だけによって互いに区別される。「論理チャネル」という用語は互いに別々のデータストリームを区別するために用いられ、論理的には従来の意味でのチャネルと等価である。本発明における論理チャネルおよびサブチャネルはすべて通常の毎秒64キロシンボル(ksym/s)のQPSKストリームにマップされる。いくつかのチャネルは、システムのグローバルパイロット符号(GPC)から発生し、それと類似する機能をもたらす関連のパイロット符号と同期している。しかし、システムパイロット信号は論理チャネルとはみなされない。
いくつかの論理通信チャネルを、RCSとSUとの間のRF通信リンク上で用いる。各論理通信チャネルは、固定の予め定めた拡散符号または動的に割り当てられた拡散符号を有する。予め定めた符号の場合も割当て符号の場合も符号位相はパイロット符号と同期している。論理通信チャネルは二つの群、すなわちグローバルチャネル(GC)群および割当てチャネル(AC)群に分けられる。グローバルチャネル(GC)群は基地局RCSから遠隔SUすべてに、または任意のSUからその区別に関係なく基地局RCSに送信される。これらのチャネルは全利用者用の所定の種類の情報を通常含む。これらのチャネルは、システムにアクセスするためにSUが用いるチャネルを含む。割当てチャネル(AC)群の中のチャネルはRCSと特定のSUとの間の通信専用のチャネルである。
[電力制御]
[概要]
本発明の電力制御の特徴機能は、交信中のRCSおよびSUの用いる送信電力の量を最小にするために用いる。ベアラチャネル接続の期間中の送信電力の更新を行う電力制御の下位の特徴機能は、自動電力制御(APC)として定義される。APCデータはRCSからSUに順方向APCチャネル経由で転送され、SUからRCSへ逆方向APCチャネル経由で転送される。これら二つの間に活性化したデータリンクがない場合は、維持電力制御(MPC)の下位の特徴機能がSU送信電力を制御する。
順方向および逆方向割当てずみチャネルおよび逆方向グローバルチャネルの送信電力レベルは、これらのチャネル上の信号電力対干渉雑音電力比(SIR)を十分な値に維持するとともにシステム出力電力を安定化させ最小にするようにAPCアルゴリズムによって制御する。本発明は送信機の送信出力電力を増分ずつ上昇または低下させるようにその送信機を制御する閉ループ電力制御システムを用いる。この制御は、APCチャネル上の電力制御信号経由で交信相手の送信機に伝達される。受信機は二つの誤差信号に基づいて送信機の電力の増加または減少の判定を下す。一方の誤差信号は信号電力の値と同信号電力の所望値との差を示し、他方の誤差信号は受信電力合計値の平均を示す。
本発明の上述の実施例の説明に用いた近端電力制御という用語は、他端からAPCチャネルに受信したAPC信号にしたがって送信機出力電力を調整することを意味する。これは、SUにとっては逆方向電力制御、RCSにとっては順方向電力制御を意味し、遠端APCという用語はSUにとっては順方向電力制御、RCSにとっては逆方向電力制御(チャネル他端のユニットの送信電力を調整すること)を意味する。
電力を節約するために、SUモデムは呼待受け期間中は送信を停止するとともに電源をオフにしてスリープ期間に入る。スリープ期間はSUコントローラからの覚醒信号によって終了する。この覚醒信号に応答して、SUモデム捕捉回路は自動的に再捕捉期間に入り、上述のとおりダウンリンクパイロットを捕捉する処理を開始する。
[閉ループ電力制御アルゴリズム]
近端電力制御は二つの過程、すなわち初期送信電力を設定する過程と、APCを用いて遠端からの受信情報に従って送信電力を継続的に調整する過程とから成る。
SUについては、初期送信電力を最小値に設定し、その後ランプアップタイマーが時間切れとなるまで(図示せず)、またはRCSがFBCH上の対応交通信号灯をRCSがSUの短パイロットSAXPTにロックしたことを示す「赤」に変えるまで、例えば1dB/ミリ秒の速度で漸増させる。タイマーの時間切れは、交通信号値が最初に赤に設定されていなければ、SAXPT送信を切断し、この場合SUは「赤」信号の検出前よりも低速度で送信電力の漸増を継続する。
RCSについては、初期送信電力をサービスの種類およびシステム利用者の現在の数に対応して、実験的に決定した高信頼性動作所要最小値対応の固定値に設定する。グローバルパイロットまたは高速一斉通報チャネル(FBCH)などのグローバルチャネルは固定の初期電力で常に送信し、一方トラフィックチャネルはAPCに切り換える。
APC信号は、APCチャネルで1ビット信号として送信される。この1ビット信号は関連の送信電力を上げるコマンド(その場合は論理ハイ)または下げる(その場合は論理ロウ)を表す。この明細書記載の実施例では64kb/sAPCデータストリームは符号化もインターリーブもしてない。
遠端電力制御は、遠端がその送信電力の調節に用いる近端送信電力制御情報から成る。
APCアルゴリズムはRCSまたはSUが次の不等式の成立時に+1、不成立時に−1を送信するようにする。
α11−α22>0 (1)
ここで、誤差信号e1は次式のとおり計算される。
1=Pd−(1+SNRREF)PN (2)
ただし、Pdは逆拡散信号電力プラス雑音電力であり、PNは逆拡散ずみ雑音電力であり、SNRREFは特定の種類のサービスについての所望逆拡散信号対雑音比であり、
2=Pr−Po (3)
である。ここでPrは受信電力測定値であり、Poは自動利得制御(AGC)回路設定点である。式(3)における重みα1およびα2はサービスの種類およびAPC更新速度の各々について選択した値である。
[保守電力制御]
SUのスリープ期間中に、CDMA RFチャネルの干渉雑音電力は変化し得る。上述の初期電力漸増手法の代わりに、SUの初期送信電力をCDMAチャネルの干渉雑音電力に対して周期的に調整する保守電力制御(MPC)を含めることもできる。MPCは、SUの信号の検出のためにRCSが必要とするSUの送信電力レベルの最低値の近傍内に送信電力レベルを維持する処理である。MPC処理は所要SU送信電力の低周波数変化を補償する。
保守電力制御の特徴機能は二つのグローバルチャネル、すなわち逆方向リンク上の状態チャネル(STCH)と呼ばれるものと、順方向リンク上のチェックアップチャネル(CUCH)と呼ばれるものとを用いる。これらのチャネルで伝送される信号はデータを伝送せず、初期電力漸増に用いられる短符号の生成と同一の方法で生成する。STCH符号およびCUCH符号は、グローバル符号発生器の「保留された」枝路から発生する。
MPC処理は次のとおりである。SUはランダムな間隔で状態チャネル(STCH)で周期的に3ミリ秒にわたり1シンボル長の拡散符号を送信する。RCSがその系列を検出した場合は、RCSはチェックアップチャネル(CUCH)で次の3ミリ秒以内に1シンボル長の符号系列を送信することにより応答する。SUがRCSからの応答を検出すると、SUは特定のステップサイズだけ送信電力を減少させる。SUが上記3ミリ秒の期間内にRCSからの応答を検出しなかった場合、SUはそのステップサイズだけ送信電力を増加させる。この方法を用いて、RCSの応答の送信をすべてのSUで検出確率0.99を維持するに十分な電力レベルで行う。
トラフィック負荷および活性状態の利用者の数の変化率は、CDMAチャネルの干渉雑音電力合計値に関連する。本発明のための保守電力更新信号の更新率およびステップサイズは、通信理論の分野で周知の待ち行列理論を用いて決定する。発呼処理を平均値6.0分の指数関数的ランダム変数としてモデム化した数値計算により、ステップサイズ0.5dBを用いて干渉レベル変化に追従可能にするには、SUの保守電力レベルを10秒以内の間隔で更新する必要があることが分かる。発呼処理を指数関数的到着時間間隔を有するポアソンランダム変数としてモデル化し、到着速度が毎秒1利用者あたり2×10-4、サービス速度が毎秒1/360、RCSサービスエリア内の全加入者数が600とすると、数値計算から、ステップサイズ0.5dBの場合10秒ごとの更新率で十分であることが分かる。
保守電力調整は、スリープ状態から覚醒状態に変化してMPC処理を実行するSUが周期的に行う。このMPC特徴機能の信号処理は図2に示してあり、次のとおり行う。まずステップ201において信号をSUとRCSとの間で交換し、検出に必要なレベルに近い送信電力レベルを維持する。SUはSTCHで1シンボル長拡散符号を周期的に送信し、RCSはそれに応答してCUCHで1シンボル長拡散符号を周期的に送信する。
次にステップ202において、SUがSTCHメッセージの送信から3ミリ秒以内に応答を受信した場合、SUはステップ203において特定のステップサイズだけ送信電力を減少させる。しかし、SUがSTCHメッセージから3ミリ秒以内に応答を受信しなかった場合、SUはステップ204において同じステップサイズだけ送信電力を増加させる。
ステップ205においてSUはある時間幅、すなわちランダム処理で算定した平均10秒の時間幅だけ待ったのちもう一つのSTCHメッセージを送信する。
すなわち、SUからのSTCHメッセージの送信電力はRCS応答に基づいて周期的に調整され、RCSからのCUCHメッセージの送信電力は固定される。
[APC用論理チャネルへの電力制御信号のマッピング]
電力制御信号を、順方向および逆方向に割り当てられたチャネルの送信電力レベルの制御のための特定論理チャネルにマッピングする。逆方向グローバルチャネルの制御をAPCアルゴリズムによっても行い、これらの逆方向チャネルの信号電力対雑音電力比(SIR)を維持するとともに、システム出力電力の安定化および最小化を達成するようにする。本発明は、受信機で他端の送信機の出力電力の増分ずつの増減を決める閉ループ電力制御方法を用いる。この方法は上記増減の決定をそれぞれの送信機に送り返す。
Figure 0005118175
順方向リンクおよび逆方向リンクは互いに別々に制御する。処理中の呼/接続については、順方向リンクトラフィックチャネル(TRCH)APCおよびオーダワイヤ(OW)電力を逆方向APCチャネル経由で送信されてきたAPCビットで制御する。呼/接続確立処理中は、逆方向リンクアクセスチャネル(AXCH)電力は順方向APCチャネル経由で送信されてきたAPCビットで制御する。表1は、制御対象のチャネルのための特定の電力制御方法を要約したものである。
いずれかの特定のSUのための割当てチャネルTRCH、APCおよびOWならびに逆方向割当てパイロット信号の所要SIRを、互いに比例させて固定する。これらのチャネルはほとんど同一のフェーディングの影響を受け、したがって同時並行的に電力制御される。
[順方向電力自動制御]
AFPCシステムは、呼/接続中に順方向チャネル上で所要SIRを最小限に維持することを試みる。図3に示したAFPC再帰処理は、ステップ301でSUに二つの誤差信号e1およびe2、すなわち
1=Pd−(1+SNRREF)PN (4)
2=Pr−Po (5)
を形成させる過程を含む。ここでPdは逆拡散信号電力と雑音電力との和であり、PNは逆拡散電力であり、SNRREFは所与のサービスの種類に必要なS/N比であり、Prは総受信電力測定値であり、PoはAGC設定値である。SUモデムはステップ302で合成誤差信号α11+α22を生ずる。ここで、重みα1およびα2を各サービス種類およびAPC更新速度について選択する。ステップ303において、SUはこの合成誤差信号を限定し、単一のAPCビットを生成する。ステップ304においてSUはAPCビットをRCSに送信し、ステップ305においてRCSモデムはそのビットを受信する。ステップ306においてRCSはSUへの送信電力を増加または減少させ、アルゴリズムをステップ301から反復する。
[逆方向自動電力制御]
ARPCシステムは、呼/接続確立中および呼/接続進行中に、システム逆方向総出力電力を最小にするように逆方向チャネル上の最小所望SIRを維持する。図4に示すARPC再帰処理は、ステップ401でRCSモデムに二つの誤差信号e1およびe2、すなわち
1=Pd−(1+SNRREF)PN (6)
2=Prt−Po (7)
を生じさせることにより始まる。ここで、Pdは逆拡散信号電力と雑音電力との和であり、PNは逆拡散ずみ雑音電力であり、SNRREFはそのサービス種類に所望のS/N比であり、PrtはRCSが受信する平均総電力の測定値であり、PoはAGC設定値である。ステップ402で、RCSモデムは合成誤差信号α11+α22を生成し、ステップ403においてこの合成誤差信号を限定して単一のAPCビットを算定する。ステップ404においてRCSはこのAPCビットをSUに送信し、ステップ405においてこのビットはSUに受信される。最後に、ステップ406においてSUは受信したAPCビットにしたがってその送信電力を調整し、アルゴリズムがステップ401から反復される。
Figure 0005118175
[SIRおよびマルチチャネルの種類]
リンク上のチャネルの所要SIRは、チャネルフォーマット(例えば、TRCH、OW)、サービスの種類(例えば、ISDN B、32kbps ADPCM、POTS)、およびデータビットの分布先のシンボルの数(例えば、2つの64kbpsシンボルを統合して単一の32kbpsADPCM POTSシンボルを生成する)の関数である。各チャネル種類およびサービス種類に必要なSIRに対応する逆拡散出力電力は、予め決まっている。呼/接続が進行中である間、いくつかのユーザCDMA論理チャネルが同時並行的に活性状態にあり、これらの論理チャネルの各々はシンボル周期ごとにシンボルを転送する。名目上最大のSIRチャネルからのシンボルのSIRを測定し、閾値と比較し、各シンボル周期ごとにAPCステップアップ/ダウン判定に用いる。表2は、サービスの種類および呼の種類によるAPC演算用のシンボル(および閾値)を示す。
[APCパラメータ]
APC情報は常に情報1ビットとして伝送され、APCデータ速度はAPC更新速度と等価である。このAPC更新速度は64kbpsである。この速度は予想されるレイリーフェーディングおよびドップラーフェーディングを許容するに十分であり、アップリンクおよびダウンリンクAPCチャネル内で比較的高い0.2以下のビット誤り率(BER)を許容し、したがってAPC専用の所要通信容量は最小になる。
APCビットにより示される電力ステップアップ/ダウンは、公称0.1から0.01dBの範囲である。電力制御のダイナミックレンジは、本システムの一例としての実施例の場合、逆方向リンクで70dB、順方向リンクで12dBである。
[APC情報多重化の代替の実施例]
上述の専用APC論理チャネルおよび専用OW論理チャネルを、一つの論理チャネルに一緒に多重化することもできる。APC情報は64kbpsで連続的に送信され、OW情報はデータバーストの形で生ずる。代替の多重化した論理チャネルは未符号化の非交互配置の64kbps APC情報をQPSK信号の例えば同相チャネルに、OW情報を直交チャネル上にそれぞれ含む。
[閉ループ電力制御実働化]
呼接続期間中の閉ループ電力制御は、システム総電力の二つの互いに異なる変動に応答する。第1に、システムはSUの電力レベルの変化など局部的な振舞に応答し、第2に、システムはシステム内の活性状態のユーザのグループ全体の電力レベルの変化に応答する。
図5は、本発明の実施例の電力制御システム示す。図示のとおり、送信電力の調整に用いる回路は、RCS(RCS電力制御モジュール501として図示)の場合もSU(SU電力制御モジュール502として図示)の場合も同様である。RCS電力制御モジュール501から始めると、逆方向リンクRFチャネル信号はRFアンテナで受信され、復調されて逆方向CDMA信号RMCHを生じ、この信号RMCHは可変利得増幅器(VGA1)510に加えられる。この増幅器510の出力は自動利得制御(AGC)回路511に加えられ、このAGC回路511はVGA1 510への可変利得増幅器制御信号を生ずる。この信号はVGA1 510の出力信号のレベルをほぼ一定の値に維持する。VGA1の出力信号は逆拡散デマルチプレクサ(demux)512により逆拡散され、逆拡散ずみのユーザメッセージ信号MSおよび順方向APCビットが生ずる。この順方向APCビットは積分器513に加えられて、順方向APC制御信号を生ずる。順方向APC制御信号は順方向リンクVGA2 514を制御し、順方向リンクRFチャネル信号を通信用の所要レベルの最低値に維持する。
RCS電力モジュール501の逆拡散ずみの利用者メッセージ信号MSの信号電力は、信号電力測定値を生ずるように電力測定回路515で測定する。VGA1の出力は、相関のない拡散符号を用いて信号を逆拡散し逆拡散雑音信号を生ずるAUX逆拡散器によって逆拡散する。この信号の電力測定値を1プラス所望S/N比(SNRR)と乗算し、閾値信号S1を生ずる。逆拡散信号電力と閾値S1との差は減算器516により生ずる。この差は特定のSU送信電力レベルに関連する誤差信号ES1である。同様に、VGA1 510用の制御信号は、VGA1 510用制御信号の速度を低下させる速度スケーリング回路517に加える。スケーリング回路517の出力信号はスケーリングしたシステム電力レベル信号SP1である。閾値演算論理518は、RCS利用者チャネル電力データ信号RCSUSRからシステム信号閾値SSTを計算する。スケーリングされたシステム電力レベル信号SP1の補数とシステム信号電力閾値SSTとを加算器519に加え、その加算器519が第2の誤差信号ES2を生成する。この誤差信号は、すべての活性状態のSUのシステム送信電力レベルに関係する。入力誤差信号ES1およびES2は合成器520で合成されてデルタ変調器(DM1)521への合成誤差信号を生じ、DM1からの出力信号は値+1または−1の逆方向APCビットストリーム信号であり、本発明の場合は64kbpsの信号として送信される。
逆方向APCビットを拡散回路522に加え、この拡散回路522はスペクトラム拡散順方向APCメッセージ信号を出力する。順方向OW信号および順方向トラフィック信号は拡散回路523、524に供給し、順方向トラフィックメッセージ信号1、2、・・・Nを生ずる。順方向APC信号、順方向OW信号およびトラフィックメッセージ信号の電力レベルをそれぞれの増幅器525、526および527でそれぞれ調整して、電力レベル調整ずみの順方向APCチャネル信号、OWチャネル信号およびTRCHチャネル信号を生ずる。これらの信号を加算器528で合成し、VGA2 514に加え、これにより順方向リンクRFチャネル信号を生ずる。
拡散ずみの順方向APC信号を含む順方向リンクRFチャネル信号は、SUのRFアンテナで受信され復調されて、順方向CDMA信号FMCHを生ずる。この信号を可変利得増幅器(VGA3)540に供給する。VGA3の出力信号を自動利得制御回路(AGC)541に加え、この回路がVGA3 540への可変利得増幅器制御信号を生ずる。この信号は、VGA3の出力信号のレベルをほぼ一定のレベルに維持する。VGA3 540の出力信号は逆拡散デマルチプレクサ542で逆拡散し、逆拡散利用者メッセージ信号SUMSおよび逆方向APCビットを生ずる。逆方向APCビットは積分器543に加え、これによって逆方向APC制御信号を生ずる。この逆方向APC制御信号を逆方向APCVGA4 544に供給し、逆方向リンクRFチャネル信号を最低電力レベルに維持するようにする。
逆拡散ユーザメッセージ信号SUMSを電力測定値信号発生用の電力測定回路545に加え、この電力測定値信号を加算器546で閾値S2の補数に加算して、誤差信号ES3を生ずる。この信号ES3は特定のSUのRCS送信電力レベルに関連する誤差信号である。閾値S2を得るためにAUX逆拡散器からの逆拡散雑音電力値に1プラス所望のS/N比SNRRを乗算する。AUX逆拡散器は、相関のない拡散符号を用いて入力データを逆拡散し、したがってその出力は逆拡散ずみの雑音電力を表す。
同様に、VGA3用の制御信号を、スケーリングずみの受信電力レベルRP1発生のために、VGA3制御信号の速度低減用の速度スケーリング回路に加える(図5参照)。閾値演算回路はSUの測定した電力信号SUUSRから受信信号閾値RSTを算出する。スケーリングずみの受信電力レベルRP1の補数と受信信号閾値RSTとを誤差信号ES4生成用の加算器に加える。この誤差はすべての他のSUへのRCS送信電力に関連する。入力誤差信号ES3およびES4を合成器で合成してデルタ変調器DM2 547に入力する。DM2 547の出力信号は値+1または−1の順方向APCビットストリーム信号である。本発明の実施例においては、この信号を64kbpsの信号として送信する。
順方向APCビットストリーム信号を拡散回路548に加えて、逆方向スペクトラム拡散ずみAPC信号を生ずる。逆方向OW信号および逆方向トラフィック信号も拡散回路549、550に入力して、逆方向OW信号および逆方向トラフィックメッセージ信号1、2、・・・Nを生ずる。また、逆方向パイロットを逆方向パイロット発生器551により発生する。逆方向APCメッセージ信号、逆方向OWメッセージ信号、逆方向パイロット、および逆方向トラフィックメッセージ信号の電力レベルを増幅器552、553、554および555でそれぞれ調整して信号をそれぞれ生じ、これら信号を加算器556で合成して逆方向APCVGA4 544に入力する。逆方向リンクRFチャネル信号を生ずるのはこのVGA4 544である。
呼接続処理およびベアラチャネル確立処理期間中は、本発明の閉ループ電力制御は図6に示すとおり変形する。図示のとおり、送信電力の調整に用いる回路は初期RCS電力制御モジュール601として示したRCSと、初期SU電力制御モジュール602として示したSUとで互いに異なる。初期RCS電力制御モジュール601から始めると、逆方向リンクRFチャネル信号はRFアンテナで受信され復調されて逆方向CDMA信号IRMCH、すなわち第1の可変利得増幅器(VGA1)603で受信される逆方向CDMA信号IRMCHを生ずる。VGA1の出力信号を自動利得制御回路(AGC1)604で検出し、この回路604がVGA1 603への可変利得増幅器制御信号を供給してVGA1の出力信号レベルをほぼ一定の値に維持する。VGA1の出力信号を逆拡散デマルチプレクサ605により逆拡散して、逆拡散ずみのユーザメッセージ信号IMSを生ずる。順方向APC制御信号ISETは固定値に設定され、順方向リンク可変利得増幅器(VGA2)606に加えられて、順方向リンクRFチャネル信号のレベルを予め決めた値に設定する。
初期RCS電力モジュール601の逆拡散ずみの利用者メッセージ信号IMSの信号電力を電力測定回路607により測定し、その出力電力測定値を減算器608で閾値S3から減算して、誤差信号ES5、すなわち特定のSUの送信電力レベルに関連する誤差信号を生ずる。閾値S3は、AUX逆拡散器からの逆拡散ずみの電力測定値に1プラス所望のS/N比SNRRを乗算して算出する。AUX逆拡散器は相関のない拡散符号を用いて信号を逆拡散するので、その出力信号は逆拡散ずみの雑音電力を表示する。同様に、VGA1制御信号を、スケーリングずみのシステム信号電力レベル信号SP2の発生のために速度スケーリング回路609に加えてVGA1制御信号の速度を減少させる。閾値計算論理610は、利用者チャネル電力データ信号(IRCSUSR)から算出した初期システム信号閾値(ISST)を算定する。スケーリングしたシステム電力レベル信号SP2の補数とISSTとを加算器611に加え、第2の誤差信号ES6、すなわちすべての活性状態のSUのシステム送信電力に関連する誤差信号である第2の誤差信号ES6を生ずる。ISSTの値は、特定の構造を有するシステムにとって所望の送信電力である。入力誤差信号ES5およびES6を合成器612で合成して、デルタ変調器(DM3)613への合成誤差信号を生ずる。DM3は値+1または−1のビットを有する初期逆方向APCビットストリーム信号を生じ、この信号は実施例では64kbpsの信号として送信される。
逆方向APCビットストリーム信号を拡散回路614に加えて、初期スペクトラム拡散順方向APC信号を生ずる。制御チャネル(CTCH)情報を拡散器616でスペクトラム拡散して拡散ずみのCTCHメッセージ信号を生ずる。拡散ずみのAPC信号およびCTCH信号を増幅器615および617でスケーリングして合成器618で合成する。この合成信号をVGA2 606に加え、これによって順方向リンクRFチャネル信号を生ずる。
拡散ずみの順方向APC信号を含む順方向リンクRFチャネル信号をSUのRFアンテナで受信し復調して初期順方向CDMA信号(IFMCH)を生じ、その信号(IFMCH)を可変利得増幅器(VGA3)620に加える。VGA3の出力信号を自動利得制御回路(AGC2)621で検出し、これによってVGA3 620用の可変利得増幅器制御信号を生ずる。この信号はVGA3 620の出力電力レベルをほぼ一定の値に維持する。VGA3の出力信号を逆拡散デマルチプレクサ622で逆拡散する。逆拡散デマルチプレクサ622は、VGA3の出力レベルに左右される初期逆方向APCビットを生ずる。この逆方向APCビットを積分器623で処理して逆方向APC制御信号を生ずる。この逆方向APC制御信号を逆方向APCVGA4 624に加えて、逆方向リンクRFチャネル信号を所定の電力レベルに維持するようにする。
グローバルチャネルAXCH信号を拡散回路625でスペクトラム拡散して、拡散ずみAXCHチャネル信号を供給する。逆方向パイロット発生器626は逆方向パイロット信号を供給し、AXCHの信号電力と逆方向パイロット信号とをそれぞれの増幅器627および628でそれぞれ調整する。拡散AXCHチャネル信号および逆方向パイロット信号を加算器629で加算して、逆方向リンクCDMA信号を生ずる。逆方向リンクCDMA信号は、逆方向APCVGA4 624で受信し、これによってRF送信機への逆方向リンクRFチャネル信号出力を生ずる。
[システム容量管理]
本発明のシステム容量管理アルゴリズムは、一つのRCS領域、すなわちセルの最大利用者容量を最適化する。SUが最大送信電力からある値の範囲内に入ると、そのSUは警報メッセージをRCSに送信する。RCSはそのシステムへのアクセスを制御する交通信号を「赤」、すなわち上述のとおりSUによるアクセスを禁止するフラグである「赤」に設定する。この状態は、警報発生中のSUが呼を終了するまで、または警報発生中のSUの送信電力のSUにおける測定値が最大送信電力以下の値になるまで継続する。複数のSUが警報メッセージを送信している場合は、上記状態は警報発生中のSUからすべての呼が終了するまで、または警報発生中のSUの送信電力のSUにおける測定値が最大送信電力以下の値になるまで継続する。代替の実施例では、前向き誤り訂正(FEC)デコーダからのビット誤り率を測定し、そのビット誤り率が予め決められた値よりも小さい値になるまでRCS交通信号を「赤」に保持する。
本発明のブロッキング手法は、RCSからSUに送信される電力制御情報とRCSでの受信電力測定値とを用いる方法を含む。RCSはその送信電力レベルを測定し、最大値に到達したことを検出し、新たな利用者をブロックすべきタイミングを判定する。システム通話参入を準備中のSUは、ベアラチャネル割当ての完結前にそのSUが最大送信電力に達した場合は自局をブロックする。
システムに新たに加わってくる利用者の各々は、自身以外の利用者すべてからみて雑音レベル上昇の原因となり、そのために各利用者からみたS/N比(SNR)が低下する。電力制御アルゴリズムは各利用者について所望のSNRを維持する。したがって、他に何ら制限がない場合は、新たな利用者のシステムへの加入は一時的な影響を与えるのみであり、所望のSNRが再び得られる。
RCSにおける送信電力測定は、ベースバンド合成信号の実効値の測定、またはRF信号の送信電力の測定およびその測定値のディジタル制御回路への帰還によって行う。送信電力測定は、SUでそのSUユニットが最大送信電力に達したか否かの判定のためにも行うことができる。SU送信電力レベルは、RF増幅器の制御信号の測定およびPOTS、FAXまたはISDNなどのサービスの種類に基づく測定値のスケーリングによって算定する。
SUが最大電力に達したという情報は、割当てチャネル上のメッセージに含めてSUからRCSに送信される。RCSも逆方向のAPC変化の測定によってその状態を判定する。すなわち、RCSがSU送信電力を増加させるようにSUにAPCメッセージを送信してしかもRCSにおけるSU送信電力測定値が増加しない場合は、SUは最大送信電力に達しているからである。
RCSは短符号を用いて立上げを終了した新たな利用者のブロッキングには交通信号を用いない。それらの利用者はダイアルトーンの発信停止および時間切れによりブロックされる。RCSはAPCチャネルで全部1の符号(電力低下コマンド)を送信することにより、SUにその送信電力を低下させる。また、RCSはCTCHメッセージを全く送信しないか、FSUにアクセス手順放棄およびやり直しを強制する無効なアドレス付きのメッセージを送信する。しかし、SUは交通信号が赤であるためにすぐには捕捉処理を開始しない。
RCSは、その送信電力限界値に達すると、SUの送信電力限界到達時と同じ方法でブロッキングを強化する。RCSは、FBCH上のすべての交通信号をオフにして、全部1のAPCビット(電力低下コマンド)を短符号立上げ終了ののちダイアルトーン未受信中の利用者に送信開始し、これらの利用者にCTCHメッセージを全く送らないかアクセス処理放棄を強制する無効アドレス付きメッセージを送る。
SUの自己ブロッキング処理は次のとおりである。SUがAXCHの送信を開始すると、APCはAXCHを用いてその電力制御動作を開始し、SUの送信電力は増加する。APCの制御下で送信電力が増加している間、その送信電力をSUコントローラが監視する。送信電力限界に達すると、SUはアクセス手順を放棄して再始動する。
本発明を複数の実施例について説明してきた。本発明が特許請求の範囲に記載の本発明の範囲から逸脱することなく上記実施例への改変を伴って実施され得ることは当業者には理解されよう。
スペクトラム拡散通信システムを利用した第3世代モバイル通信システムなどの費用効率のさらなる改善に広く利用できる。
101 基地局(BS)
102 無線分配ユニット(RDU)
103 加入者線交換機(LE)
104 無線搬送波局(RCS)
116、119 加入者ユニット(SU)
501 RCS電力制御モジュール
502 SU電力制御モジュール
601 初期RCS電力制御モジュール
602 初期SU電力制御モジュール

Claims (4)

  1. 符号分割多重アクセスを用いたスペクトラム拡散通信システムにおける、基地局との無線通信に対する自己ブロッキング制御を有する加入者ユニット(SU)において、
    グローバルチャネルおよび割り当られたチャンネル上において信号を基地局へ送信する送信機であって、前記信号は、初期電力レベルで初期化され、および、割り当られたチャンネル上で前記基地局へ通信データ信号を送信するのに先立って制御された電力レベルに調整される送信機と、
    前記送信機の前記電力レベルを制御する、受信機および関連回路であって、
    前記基地局から受信された電力制御信号に応答して、前記SU送信機電力レベルを調整するように構成された、受信機および関連回路と、
    割り当てられたチャンネル上で通信データ信号を前記基地局へ送信するのに先立って前記SU送信機電力レベルをモニタし、前記割り当てられたチャンネル上で前記通信データ信号の送信を開始する前に、所定の電力限界値に達した場合は、前記割り当てられたチャンネル上での通信データ信号の送信がブロックされるように前記送信機を制御する制御回路と
    を備えたことを特徴とする加入者ユニット。
  2. 前記送信機は、複数のタイプの通信データ信号を送信するよう構成され、前記制御回路は、一部は前記通信データ信号の前記タイプに基づいて、送信機電力レベルを決定するよう構成されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のSU。
  3. 前記送信機は、音声通話のみ可能な従来のアナログ電話回線(POTS)、FAXおよびISDNを含む複数のタイプの通信データ信号を送信するように構成され、制御信号によって制御され前記SUの信号をRF信号として送信するRF増幅器を含み、
    前記制御回路は、送信される前記通信データ信号の前記タイプおよび前記RF増幅器制御信号に基づいて、前記SU送信機電力レベルを決定するよう構成されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のSU。
  4. 前記受信機および関連回路は、前記基地局からグローバルチャンネル上で受信された電力制御信号に応答して、前記SU送信機電力レベルを調整するよう構成されたことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3いずれかに記載のSU。
JP2010173809A 1995-06-30 2010-08-02 非活性時の送受信局の消費電力を節約したスペクトラム拡散通信システム Expired - Lifetime JP5118175B2 (ja)

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