ES2437178T3 - Control de potencia automático para un sistema de comunicación de acceso múltiple por division de código (CDMA) - Google Patents
Control de potencia automático para un sistema de comunicación de acceso múltiple por division de código (CDMA) Download PDFInfo
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- ES2437178T3 ES2437178T3 ES09015385.9T ES09015385T ES2437178T3 ES 2437178 T3 ES2437178 T3 ES 2437178T3 ES 09015385 T ES09015385 T ES 09015385T ES 2437178 T3 ES2437178 T3 ES 2437178T3
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- G06F13/368—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to common bus or bus system with decentralised access control
- G06F13/374—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to common bus or bus system with decentralised access control using a self-select method with individual priority code comparator
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Abstract
Metodo para controlar niveles de potencia de transmisión de una unidad de abonado en un acceso múltiple pordivisión de código, CDMA, el metodo comprendiendo: recibir por la unidad de abonado un bit de control de potencia en un canal APC de control de potencia automáticode enlace descendente, el bit de control de potencia indicando un aumento o una disminución en el nivel depotencia de transmisión; transmitir una pluralidad de canales y una serial piloto asignada de retorno por la unidad de abonado, la pluralidadde canales incluyendo un canal de trafico y un canal APC de control automatico de potencia de retorno;ajustar, en respuesta al bit de control de potencia recibido, un nivel de potencia de transmisión del canal de trafico,el canal APC de retorno y la serial piloto asignada de retorno, en donde el nivel de potencia de transmisi6n delcanal de taco, el canal APC de retorno y la seal piloto asignada de retorno se fijan proporcionalmente entre si yse controla su potencia de forma conjunta; y transmitir el canal de taco, el canal APC de retorno y la serial piloto asignada de retorno en sus respectivosniveles ajustados de potencia de transmisión.
Description
Control de potencia automatic° para un sistema de comunicaciOn de acceso multiple por division de cOdigo
(CDMA).
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCION
[0001] El proporcionar servicios de telecomunicaciOn de calidad a grupos de usuarios clasificados como remotos,
tales como sistemas telefOnicos rurales y sistemas telefonicos de paises en desarrollo, ha demostrado ser un reto
en los Ultimos afios. Estas necesidades se han satisfecho parcialmente mediante servicios de radio inalambricos,
tales como multiplexaciOn por division en frecuencia (FDM, frequency division multiplex) en sistemas fijos o
moviles, acceso multiple por division en frecuencia (FDMA, frequency division multiple access), multiplexed& por
divisiOn en el tiempo (TDM, time division multiplex), sistemas de acceso mUltiple por division en el tiempo (TDMA,
time division multiple access), combinaciOn de sistemas de divisiOn en frecuencia y en el tiempo (FD/TDMA), y
otros sistemas de radio mOviles terrestres. Normalmente, estos servicios remotos se enfrentan a [Ties usuarios
potenciales de los que pueden ser atendidos simultaneamente por su capacidad en frecuencia o en anchura de
banda espectral.
[0002] Reconociendo estas limitaciones, avances recientes en comunicaciones inalambricas han utilizado tecnicas
de modulaciOn de espectro expandido para proporcionar comunicaciones simultaneas de multiples usuarios a
traves de un Onico canal de comunicaciones. La modulaciOn de espectro expandido se refiere a modular una serial
de informacion con una serial de cOdigo de expansion; siendo generada la sefial de cOdigo de expansion por un
generador de c6digo en el que el periodo Tc del cOdigo de expansiOn es sustancialmente menor que el periodo de
laserial de simbolos o de bits de datos de informaciOn. El cOdigo puede modular la frecuencia portadora sobre la
que se envie la informacion, denominada expansi6n por salto de frecuencia, o puede modular directamente la
sefial al multiplicar el cOdigo de expansi6n con la serial de datos de informaci6n, denominada expansion por
secuencia directa (DS, direct-sequence spreading). La modulacion de espectro expandido produce una sefial que
tiene una anchura de banda que es sustancialmente mayor que la requerida para transmitir la serial de
informaci6n. La recepcion sincrona y la desexpansi6n de la serial en el demodulador del receptor recupera la
informaciOn original. El demodulador sincrono utilize una serial de referencia para sincronizar los circuitos de
compresi6n con la serial de entrada modulada con espectro expandido para recuperar las sefiales portadora y de
informacion. La sefial de referencia puede ser un c6digo de expansiOn sin modular por ninguna serial de
informaci6n.
[0003] La modulaciOn de espectro expandido en redes inalambricas ofrece muchas ventajas porque varios
usuarios pueden utilizer la misma banda de frecuencias con una interferencia minima en el receptor de cada
usuario. Ademas, la modulacion de espectro expandido reduce los efectos de otras fuentes de interferencia.
Tambien, las tecnicas de modulaciOn y demodulaciOn sincrona de espectro expandido pueden ampliarse al
proporcionar varios canales de mensajes a un usuario, cada uno de ellos expandido con un codigo de expansiOn
diferente, mientras que se sigue transmitiendo al usuario solamente una Unica serial de referencia.
[0004] Otro problema asociado con los sistemas de comunicaciones de acceso multiple de espectro expandido es
la necesidad de reducir la potencia total transmitida de los usuarios del sistema, ya que los usuarios pueden tener
una potencia disponible limitada. Un problema asociado que requiere el control de la potencia en los sistemas de
espectro expandido este relacionado con la caracteristica inherente a los sistemas de espectro expandido de que
laserial de espectro expandido de un usuario se recibe por otros usuarios como ruido con un cierto nivel de
potencia. Consecuentemente, los usuarios que transmiten con elevados niveles de potencia de serial pueden
interferir con la recepci6n de otros usuarios. Tambien, si un usuario se mueve en relacion con la ubicacion
geografica de otro usuario, el desvanecimiento y la distorsiOn de la serial requieren que los usuarios ajusten su
nivel de potencia transmitida para mantener una calidad de serial determinada, y pare mantener la potencia que la
estaciOn base recibe de todos los usuarios. Finalmente, debido a que es posible que el sistema de espectro
expandido tenga mas usuarios remotos de los que puede atender simultaneamente, el sistema de control de
potencia deberia utilizer tambien un metodo de gestiOn de capacidad que rechace usuarios adicionales cuando se
haya alcanzado el nivel maxim° de potencia del sistema.
[0005] Los sistemas de espectro expandido previos han utilizado una estaciOn base que mide una serial recibida y
envie a los usuarios remotos una serial de control adaptativo de potencia (APC, adaptive power control). Los
usuarios remotos incorporan un transmisor con un circuito de control automatic° de ganancia (APC) que responde
a la serial APC. En dichos sistemas, la estaciOn base controla la potencia total del sistema o la potencia recibida
desde cada usuario, y fija de acuerdo con ello la serial APC. Este funcionamiento del sistema en bucle abierto
puede mejorarse mediante la inclusiOn de una medici6n de la potencia de la serial recibida por el usuario remoto
desde la estacion base y la transmision de una serial APC de retorno hacia la estaciOn base para Ilevar a cabo un
metodo de control de la potencia en bucle cerrado.
[0006] No obstante, estos sistemas de control de potencia presentan varies desventajas. En primer lugar, la
estaci6n base debe ejecutar complejos algoritmos de control de potencia, lo que aumenta la cantidad de
procesamiento en la estaci6n base. En segundo lugar, el sistema experimenta realmente varios tipos de variacion
de potencia: variacion en la potencia de ruido producida al cambiar el numero de usuarios y variaciones en la
potencia de la serial recibida en un canal portador determinado. Estas variaciones se producen con diferentes
5 frecuencias, de forma que los algoritmos de control de potencia sencillos solamente pueden optimizarse para uno
de los dos tipos de variacion. Finalmente, estos algoritmos de control de potencia tienden a Ilevar la potencia total
del sistema a un nivel relativamente elevado. En consecuencia, existe una necesidad de un metodo de control de
potencia de espectro expandido que responda rapidamente a los cambios en los niveles de potencia del canal
portador, mientras que simultaneamente realice ajustes en la potencia de transmisiOn de todos los usuarios en
respuesta a los cambios en el nOrnero de usuarios. Existe tambien una necesidad de un sistema de
comunicaciones de espectro expandido mejorado que emplee un sistema de control de potencia en bucle cerrado
que minimice las necesidades globales de potencia del sistema al tiempo que mantiene una tasa de errores de bits
(BER, bit error rate) suficiente en los receptores remotos individuales. Adernas, un sistema de este tipo deberia
controlar el nivel inicial de la potencia de transmision de un usuario remoto y gestionar la capacidad total del
15 sistema.
COMPENDIO DE LA INVENCION
[0007] La invenciOn es definida por las reivindicaciones anexas y se refiere a un sistema y un metodo para el
control automatic° de potencia (APC) en bucle cerrado para una estacion base portadora de radio (RCS) y un
grupo de unidades de abonado (SU) de un sistema de comunicaciones de espectro expandido. Las SU transmiten
sefiales de espectro expandido, la RCS recibe las seriales de espectro expandido, y la RCS detecta el nivel de
potencia recibido de las sefiales de espectro expandido mas cualquier serial interferente, incluido ruido. El sistema
APC incluye la RCS y una pluralidad de SU, en el que la RCS transmite una pluralidad de sefiales de informaci6n
del canal de ida hacia las SU en la forma de una pluralidad de sertales de espectro expandido del canal de ida que
tienen un correspondiente nivel de potencia de transmisiOn hacia adelante, y cada SU transmite hacia la estaciOn
25 base al menos una serial de retorno de espectro expandido que tiene un respectivo nivel de potencia de
transmisiOn hacia atras y al menos una serial de espectro expandido del canal de retorno incluye una serial de
informacion del canal de retomo.
[0008] El sistema APC incluye un sistema automatic° de control de potencia hacia adelante (AFPC) y un sistema
automatic° de control de potencia hacia atras (ARPC). El sistema AFPC incluye los pasos de que cada SU mida
una relaciOn serial de ida/ruido de la respectiva serial de informacion del canal de ida y genere una respectiva
serial de error del canal de ida que incluya una medida del error hacia adelante entre la respectiva relacion serial
de ida/ruido y un valor predeterminado de sefial/ruido. La serial de error del canal de ida incluye tambien una
medida del ruido sin correlacionar en el canal. La SU transmite una respectiva serial de error del canal de ida como
parte de la respectiva serial de informaciOn del canal de retorno. La RCS incluye un cierto nUmero de receptores
35 AFPC para recibir las sefiales de informaci6n de los canales de retorno y extraer las seriales de error de los
canales de ida de las respectivas sefiales de informaci6n de los canales de retorno. La RCS ajusta tambien el
respectivo nivel de potencia de transmisiOn hacia adelante de cada una de las respectivas seriales de espectro
expandido de ida en respuesta a la respectiva serial de error de ida.
[0009] La parte del sistema ARPC de la RCS mide una relaciOn serial de retorno/ruido de cada una de las
respectivas sefiales de informaci6n de los canales de retorno y genera una respectiva sefial de error del canal de
retorno que incluye una medida del error entre la respectiva relaciOn serial del canal de retorno/ruido y un
respectivo valor predeterminado serial/ruido. La serial de error del canal de retorno incluye tambien una medida del
ruido sin correlacionar en el canal. La RCU transmite la respectiva serial de error del canal de retorno como parte
de una respectiva serial de informacion del canal de ida. Cada SU incluye un receptor ARPC que recibe la serial de
45 informaci6n del canal de ida, extrae la respectiva serial de error de retorno de la serial de informaci6n del canal de
ida, y ajusta el nivel de potencia de transmisi6n hacia atras de la respectiva serial de retorno de espectro
expandido en respuesta a la respectiva serial de error de retorno.
BREVE DESCRIPCION DE LOS DIBUJOS
[0010]
Lafigura 1 es un diagrama de bloques de un sistema de comunicaciones de acceso multiple por division de codigo.
La figura 2 es un diagrama de flujo de un ejemplo de algoritnno de control de la potencia de mantenimiento.
La figura 3 es un diagrama de flujo de un ejemplo de algoritmo de control automatic° de la potencia hacia adelante.
La figura 4 es un diagrama de flujo de un ejemplo de algoritmo de control automatic° de la potencia hacia atras.
La figura 5 es un diagrama de bloques de un ejemplo de sistema de control de potencia en bucle cerrado cuando
55 esta establecido el canal portador.
La figura 6 es un diagrama de bloques de un ejemplo del sistema de control de potencia en bucle cerrado durante
el proceso de establecimiento del canal portador.
DESCRIPCION DE UN EJEMPLO DE REALIZACION
[0011] Sistema de servicio telefonico en bucle local que utiliza enlaces de radio entre una o mas estaciones base y
multiples unidades remotas de abonado. En el ejemplo de realizacion, se describe un radio enlace para el caso de
una estaci6n base que se comunica con una unidad fija de abonado (FSU), pero el sistema es igualmente aplicable
a sistemas que incluyan varias estaciones base con enlaces de radio tanto a diferentes FSU como a unidades de
abonados moviles (MSU). Consecuentemente, en esta descripci6n nos referiremos a las unidades remotas de
abonado como unidades de abonado (SU).
[0012] Con referencia a la figura 2, la estaci6n base (BS) 101 proporciona conexi6n de Ilamadas a una central local
(LE) 103 o a cualquier otra interfaz de conmutacion de red telefonica, e incluye una estacion portadora de radio
(RCS) 104. Una o mas RCS 104, 105, 110 estan conectadas a una unidad de distribuciOn de radio (RDU) 102
mediante enlaces 131, 132, 137, 138, 139, y la RDU 102 se conecta con la LE 103 mediante la transmisiOn y
recepcion de setiales de establecimiento de Ilamadas, de control y de informaciOn a traves de enlaces de
telecomunicacion 141, 142, 150. Las SU 116, 119 se comunican con la RCS 104 mediante los enlaces de
radiofrecuencia 161, 162, 163, 164, 165. Alternativamente, otra realizaciOn de la invencion incluye varias SU y una
SU "maestra" con una funcionalidad similar a la de la RCS. Una realizacion de este tipo puede tener, o no,
conexi6n a una red telefonica local.
[0013] Aunque la realizaciOn descrita utiliza diferentes anchuras de banda de espectro expandido centradas
alrededor de una portadora para los canales de transmisi6n y de recepcion de espectro expandido, el presente
metodo es facilmente extensible a sistemas que utilizan multiples anchuras de banda de espectro expandido para
los canales de transmision y multiples anchuras de banda de espectro expandido para los canales de recepci6n.
Alternativamente, puesto que los sistemas de comunicaciones de espectro expandido tienen la caracteristica
inherente de que la transmisiOn de un usuario aparece como ruido en el receptor de desexpansiOn de otro usuario,
una realizacion podria emplear el mismo canal de espectro expandido para los canales en los caminos tanto de
transmisiOn coma de recepci6n. En otras palabras, las transmisiones ascendentes y descendentes pueden ocupar
la misma banda de frecuencias. Una realizaciOn de la invencion puede emplear tambien mUltiples canales de
espectro expandido que no es necesario que sean adyacentes en frecuencia. En esta realizaciOn, cualquier canal
puede usarse para transmisiOn ascendente, descendente, o ascendente y descendente.
[0014] En el ejemplo de realizacion, la informaci6n de simbolos binarios expandidos se transmite por los
radioenlaces 161 a 165 utilizando modulaciOn QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) con conformaci6n de
impulsos de Nyquist, aunque pueden utilizarse otras tecnicas de modulacion, incluyendo, pero no limitadas a,
OQPSK (Offset QPSK), MSK (Minimum Shift Keying), MPSK (M-ary Phase Shift Keying) y GPSK (Gaussian Phase
Shift Keying).
[0015] El demodulador CDMA de la RCS o de la SU comprime la serial recibida con un procesamiento adecuado
para combatir o explotar los efectos de la propagaciOn multicamino. Se utilizan parametros relativos at nivel de
potencia recibida para generar la informaci6n de control automatic° de potencia (APC) que, a su vez, se transmite
at otro extrema La informaci6n APC se utiliza para controlar la potencia de transmisi6n de los enlaces de control
automatic° de potencia hacia adelante (AFPC) y de control automatic° de potencia hacia atras (ARPC). Ademas,
cada RCS 104, 105 y 110 puede realizar un control de potencia de mantenimiento (MFC), de una manera similar at
APC, para ajustar la potencia inicial de transmisiOn de cada SU 111, 112, 115, 117 y 118. La demodulaciOn es
coherente en el caso de que la sefial piloto proporcione la referencia de fase.
[0016] Los niveles de potencia de transmisi6n de las interfaces radio entre la RCS 104 y las SU 111, 112, 115, 117
y 118 se controlan usando dos algoritmos diferentes de control de potencia en bucle cerrado. El control automatic°
de potencia hacia adelante (AFPC) determina el nivel de potencia de transmision descendente, y el control
automatic° de potencia hacia atras (ARPC) determina el nivel de potencia de transmisi6n ascendente. El canal de
control logic° por el que, por ejemplo, la SU 111 y la RCS 104 transfieren informaci6n de control de potencia opera
at menos a una frecuencia de actualizacion de 16 kHz. Otras realizaciones pueden utilizar una frecuencia de
actualizaciOn mas alta de 32 kHz. Estos algoritmos aseguran que la potencia de transmisi6n de un usuario
mantiene una tasa de errores de bits (BER) aceptable, que la potencia del sistema se mantiene en un minimo para
ahorrar energia, y que el nivel de potencia de todas las SU 111, 112, 115, 117 y 118, y que es recibido por la RCS
104, se mantiene a un nivel casi igual.
[0017] Ademas, el sistema incluye un algoritmo opcional de potencia de mantenimiento que se utiliza durante los
periodos inactivos de una SU. Cuando la SU 111 esta inactiva o desconectada para conservar energia, la unidad
puede ocasionalmente activarse por si misma y ajustar su nivel inicial de potencia de transmision fijandolo en
respuesta a una serial de control de potencia de mantenimiento procedente de la RCS 104. La serial de potencia
de mantenimiento se determina por la RCS 104 mediante la medida del nivel de potencia recibido de la SU 111 y
del nivel actual de potencia del sistema y mediante el calculo de la potencia de transmision inicial necesaria. El
metodo reduce el tiempo de adquisiciOn de canal de la SU 111 cuando se enciende para comenzar una
comunicacion. El metodo tambien evita que el nivel de potencia de transmisiOn de la SU 111 Ilegue a ser
demasiado elevado e interfiera con otros canales durante la transmisiOn inicial antes de que el control de potencia
en bucle cerrado ajuste la potencia de transmision a un nivel apropiado para el resto de trafico de mensajes en el
canal.
[0018] La RCS 104 obtiene sincronizaciOn de su reloj de una linea de interfaz tal como, pero no limitada a,
interfaces El, Ti o HDSL. Cada RCS puede tambien generar su propia senal interna de reloj a partir de un
oscilador que puede regularse mediante un receptor con sistema de posicionamiento global (GPS). La RCS 104
genera un codigo piloto global para un canal que tiene un codigo de expansion pero no modulacion de datos, que
pueden obtener las SU remotas 111a 118. Todos los canales de transmisi6n de la RCS son sincronos con el canal
piloto, y las fases de los cOdigos de expansi6n de los generadores de cOdigos (no mostrados) utilizados para los
canales logicos de comunicaciones dentro de la RCS 104 son tambien sincronas con la fase del cOdigo de
expansi6n del canal piloto. De forma similar, las SU 111 a 118 que reciben el c6digo piloto global de la RCS 104
sincronizan las fases del c6digo de expansion y de desexpansiOn de los generadores de codigo (no mostrados) de
las SU al c6digo piloto global.
Canales logicos de comunicaciones
[0019] Un "canal" de la tecnica anterior se considera normalmente como un camino de comunicaciones que forma
parte de una interfaz y que puede distinguirse de otros caminos de la interfaz con independencia de su contenido.
Sin embargo, en el caso de CDMA, los caminos de comunicaciones distintos se distinguen solamente por su
contenido. Se utilize el termino "canal logico" para distinguir los distintos flujos de datos, que son logicamente
equivalentes a canales en el sentido convencional. Todos los canales y subcanales logicos de la presente
invenciOn son transformados a un flujo QPSK de 64 kilosimbolos por segundo (ksimb/s). Algunos canales se
sincronizan a c6digos piloto asociados que se generan y que realizan una funci6n similar al c6digo piloto global del
sistema. Sin embargo, las seliales piloto del sistema no se consideran canales logicos.
[0020] Se utilizan varios canales lOgicos de comunicaciones sobre el enlace de comunicaciones de radiofrecuencia
entre la RCS y la SU. Cada canal logic° de comunicaciones tiene o un codigo de expansion predeterminado fijo o
un cOdigo de expansion asignado dinamicamente. Tanto para los codigos predeterminados como para los
asignados la fase del cOdigo es sincrona con el codigo pilot°. Los canales lOgicos de comunicaciones se dividen en
dos grupos: el grupo de los canales globales (GC) y el grupo de los canales asignados (AC). El grupo GC incluye
los canales que se transmiten desde la RCS de la estacion base, a todas las SU remotas o desde cualquiera de las
SU a la RCS de la estaciOn base con independencia de la identidad de la SU. Estos canales contienen tipicamente
informed& de un tipo dado para todos los usuarios. Estos canales incluyen los canales utilizados por las SU para
conseguir acceso al sistema. Los canales del grupo AC son aquellos canales dedicados a la comunicaci6n entre la
RCS y una SU concreta.
CONTROL DE POTENCIA
General
[0021] La funcionalidad de control de potencia de la presente invenciOn se usa para minimizar la potencia de
transmisi6n utilizada entre una RCS y cualquiera de las SU con las que este en comunicaci6n. La subfuncionalidad
del control de potencia que actualize la potencia de transmisiOn durante la conexion del canal portador se define
como control automatic° de potencia (APC). Los datos APC se transfieren desde la RCS a una SU por el canal
APC de ida y desde una SU a la RCS por el canal APC de retorno. Cuando no existe un enlace de datos activo
entre las dos, la subfuncionalidad de control de potencia de mantenimiento (MPC) controla la potencia de
transmisiOn de la SU.
[0022] Los niveles de potencia de transmision de los canales asignados de ida y de retorno y de los canales
globales de retorno se controlan mediante el algoritmo APC para mantener en dichos canales una relaciOn de
potencia de la setial/potencia del ruido de interferencia (SIR) suficiente, y para estabilizar y minimizar la potencia
de salida del sistema. La presente invenciOn utilize un sistema de control de potencia en bucle cerrado en el que
un receptor controla su transmisor asociado para aumentar o disminuir incrementalmente su potencia de
transmision. Este control se comunica al transmisor asociado por medio de la serial de control de potencia por el
canal APC. El receptor toma la decisi6n de aumentar o disminuir la potencia del transmisor en base a dos setiales
de error. Una serial de error es una indicaci6n de la diferencia entre las potencias de la serial comprimida medida y
requerida, y la otra serial de error es una indicaciOn de la potencia total media recibida.
[0023] Tal y como se utilize en la realized& descrita de la invenciOn, el termino control de potencia en el extremo
cercano se utilize para referirse al ajuste de la potencia de salida del transmisor de acuerdo con la serial APC
recibida por el canal APC desde el otro extern°. Esto significa el control de la potencia hacia etas para la SU y el
control de la potencia hacia adelante para la RCS; y el termino APC en el extremo lejano se utilize para referirse al
control de la potencia hacia adelante para la SU y al control de la potencia hacia etas para la RCS (ajuste de la
potencia de transmision de la unidad en el extremo opuesto del canal).
[0024] Con el fin de conservar la energia, el modem de la SU termina la transmisiOn y apaga la alimentaciOn
mientras espera una Ilamada, conocida como la fase de letargo. La fase de letargo se termina por una serial de
despierte procedente del controlador de la SU. En respuesta a esta sefial, el circuito de adquisiciOn del modem de
5 la SU entra automaticamente en la fase de readquisiciOn, y comienza el proceso de adquisicion del piloto
descendente, como se describe a continuaci6n.
Algoritmos de control de potencia en bucle cerrado
[0025] El control de potencia del extremo cercano comprende dos etapas: primera, el establecimiento de la
potencia de transmision inicial; segunda, el ajuste continuo de la potencia de transmision de acuerdo con la
10 informaci6n recibida del extremo lejano utilizando el APC.
[0026] Para la SU, la potencia de transmision inicial se fija en un valor minimo y despues se va aumentando, por
ejemplo a una velocidad de 1 dB/ms hasta que expira un temporizador de subida (no mostrado) o la RSC cambia
el correspondiente valor del indicador conmutable en el FBCH a "rojo" para indicar que la RCS se ha enganchado a
la serial coda de piloto (SAXPT) de la SU. La expiraciOn del temporizador hace que se termine la transmisiOn de la
15 SAXPT, a menos que el valor del indicador conmutable se ponga antes en "rojo", en cuyo caso la SU continua
aumentando la potencia de transmisiOn pero a una velocidad mucho menor que antes de que fuera detectada la
serial "roja".
[0027] Para la RCS, la potencia inicial de transmisi6n se establece en un valor fijo, que corresponde al valor
minimo necesario para un funcionamiento fiable determinado experimentalmente para el tipo de servicio y el
20 numero actual de usuarios del sistema. Los canales globales, tales como el piloto global o el canal de radiodifusiOn
rapida (FBCH), se transmiten siempre a la potencia inicial fijada, mientras que los canales de trafico se conmutan
al APC.
[0028] La sefial APC se transmite como seriales de 1 bit por el canal APC. La serial de 1 bit representa una orden
para aumentar (serial en estado logic° alto) o disminuir (serial en estado lOgico bajo) la potencia de transmisi6n
25 asociada. En la realizaciOn descrita, el flujo de datos APC de 64 kbit/s no esta codificado ni entrelazado.
[0029] El control de potencia en el extremo lejano consiste en que el extremo cercano transmita informacion de
control de la potencia al extremo lejano para utilizarla en el ajuste de su potencia de transmisi6n.
[0030] El algoritmo APC hace que la RCS o la SU transmita +1 si se cumple la siguiente inecuacion, en caso
contrario transmite -1 (estado lOgico bajo).
(1)
30
Aqui, la serial de error el se calcula como
ei Pd 1 + S Maw) PN (2)
donde Pd es la potencia de la serial mas ruido comprimida, PN es la potencia de ruido comprimido, y SNRREF es la
relacion deseada sefial/ruido comprimidos para el tipo de servicio; y
C2 = Pr -Po (3)
35
donde Pr es una medida de la potencia recibida y Po es el valor fijado por el circuito de control automatico de
ganancia (AGC). Los coeficientes al y 02 de la ecuacion (30) se eligen para cada tipo de servicio y para la
velocidad de actualizacion del APC.
Control de potencia de mantenimiento
40 [0031] Durante la fase de letargo de la SU cambia la potencia del ruido de interferencia del canal de
radiofrecuencia CDMA. Como una alternativa al metodo de incrementar la potencia inicial descrito anteriormente, la
presente invencion puede incluir una funcionalidad de control de potencia de mantenimiento (MPC) que ajusta
periodicamente la potencia inicial de transmisi6n de las SU con respecto a la potencia del ruido de interferencia del
canal CDMA. El MPC es el proceso por el que el nivel de potencia de transmisi6n de una SU se mantiene muy
45 pr6ximo al nivel minimo requendo por la RCS para detectar la serial de la SU. El proceso MPC compensa los
cambios de baja frecuencia en la potencia de transmisiOn de la SU requerida.
[0032] La funcionalidad de control de mantenimiento utilize dos canales globales: uno recibe el nombre de canal de
estado (STCH) sobre el enlace de retorno, y el otro de canal de comprobaci6n (CUCH) sobre el enlace de ida. Las
sefiales transmitidas en estos dos canales no Ilevan datos y se generan de la misma forma que los c6digos cortos
5 utilizados en el incremento de la potencia inicial. Los c6digos STCH y CUCH se generan desde una rama
"reservada" del generador global de codigos.
[0033] El proceso MPC es el siguiente: A intervalos aleatorios, la SU envie periodicamente durante 3 ms por el
canal de estado (STCH) un codigo de expansion de longitud un simbolo. Si la RCS detecta la secuencia, contesta
enviando una secuencia de c6digo de longitud un simbolo dentro de los 3 ms siguientes por el canal de
10 comprobaciOn (CUCH). Cuando la SU detecta la respuesta procedente de la RCS, reduce su potencia de
transmisi6n en una cantidad determinada. Si la SU no detecta ninguna respuesta procedente de la RCS dentro del
period° de 3 ms, aumenta su potencia de transmision en la cantidad fijada. Utilizando este metodo, se transmite la
respuesta de la RCS a un nivel de potencia que es suficiente para mantener una probabilidad de detecci6n del
0,99 en todas las SU.
15 [0034] La velocidad de cambio de la carga de trafico y el Flamer° de usuarios activos estan relacionados con la
potencia total del ruido de interferencia del canal CDMA. La frecuencia de actualizacion y el valor del salto de la
serial de actualizaciOn de la potencia de mantenimiento de la presente invenciOn se determinan utilizando metodos
de teoria de colas bien conocidos en la tecnica de las comunicaciones. Modelando el proceso de generaci6n de
Ilamadas como una variable aleatoria exponencial con valor medio igual a 6,0 minutos, el calculo numeric° muestra
20 queel nivel de la potencia de mantenimiento de una SU deberia actualizarse una vez cada 10 segundos o menos
para ser capaz de seguir los cambios en el nivel de interferencias usando un salto de 0,5 dB. Modelando el
proceso de generaci6n de Ilamadas como una variable aleatoria de Poisson con intervalos entre Ilegadas
exponencial, tasa de Ilegadas de 2x10-4 por segundo y por usuario, tasa de servicio de 1/360 por segundo, y una
poblacion total de abonados de 600 en el area de servicio de la RCS tambien conduce por calculo numeric° a que
25 una frecuencia de actualizaciOn de una vez cada 10 segundos es suficiente cuando se utilizan saltos de 0,5 dB.
[0035] El ajuste de la potencia de mantenimiento lo realize periodicamente la SUque cambia de la fase de letargo a
la fase active y realize el proceso MPC. Consecuentemente, el proceso para la funcionalidad MPC se muestra en la
figura 2 y es el siguiente: En primer lugar, en el paso 201, se intercambian seriales entre la SU y la RCS
manteniendo un nivel de potencia de transmisiOn que este cerca del nivel requerido para la detecciOn; la SU envie
30 peri6dicamente un codigo de expansion de longitud un simbolo en el canal STCH, y la RCS envie periodicamente
como respuesta un codigo de expansion de longitud un simbolo en el canal CUCH.
[0036] A continuaciOn, en el paso 202, si la SU recibe una respuesta dentro de los 3 ms que siguen al mensaje
STCH que ella envie, disminuye su potencia de transmisi6n en una cantidad predeterminada en el paso 203; pero
si la SU no recibe una respuesta dentro de los 3 ms que siguen al mensaje STCH, aumenta su potencia de
35 transmisi6n en la misma cantidad en el paso 204.
[0037] La SU espera, en el paso 205, un periodo de tiempo antes de envier otro mensaje STCH, estando
determinado este periodo de tiempo por un proceso aleatorio con un valor medio de 10 segundos.
[0038] De este modo, la potencia de transmisi6n de los mensajes STCH desde la SU se ajusta periodicamente en
base a las respuestas de la RCS, y se fija la potencia de transmisiOn de los mensajes CUCH desde la RCS.
40 AsignaciOn de las seriales de control de potencia a canales logicos para el APC
[0039] Las sefiales de control de potencia se asignan a canales logicos especificados para controlar los niveles de
potencia de transmisiOn de los canales asignados de ida y de retorno. Los canales globales de retorno se controlan
tambien mediante el algoritmo APC para mantener una relacion potencia de la serial/potencia del ruido de
interferencia (SIR) suficiente en dichos canales de retorno, y para estabilizar y minimizar la potencia de salida del
45 sistema. La presente invenciOn utilize un metodo de control de potencia en bucle cerrado en el que un receptor
decide peri6dicamente elevar o disminuir incrementalmente la potencia de salida del transmisor del otro extremo.
El metodo comunica tambien dicha decisi6n al transmisor respectivo.
TABLA 1
Asignaciones de canal de la seal APC
- Enl ace: canal es y
- Estado de l a Metodo de control de potenci a
- sefial es
- I l amada/conexi On
- Val or i ni ci al
- Despues
Enlacederetorno: Estableciendose Determinadoporel incrementode BitsAPCenelcanal
AXCHyAXPT lapotencia APCde ida
Enlacederetorno: Enprogreso Nivelestablecidoduranteel BitsAPCenelcanal
ARC, OW, TRCH, establecimiento de la I lamada ARC de ida
sefial pi loto
Enlacede ida:APC, Enprogreso Valorifjo BitsAPCenelcanal
OW,TRCH APCde retorno
[0040] Los enlaces de ida y de retorno se controlan de forma independiente. Para una Ilamada/conexiOn en
progreso, la potencia del canal de taco (TRCH), del APC y del hilo de Ordenes (OW) del enlace de Ida se controla
5 por los bits APC transmitidos por el canal APC de retorno. Durante el proceso de establecimiento de la
Ilamada/conexion, la potencia del canal de acceso (AXCH) del enlace de retorno se controla tambien por los bits
APC transmitidos por el canal APC de ida. La tabla 1 resume los metodos de control de potencia especificos para
los canales controlados.
[0041] Las SIR requeridas de los canales asignados TRCH, APC y OW y de la serial piloto de retorno asignada
10 para cualquier SU concreta se fijan en proporci6n mutua y estos canales estan sometidos a desvanecimientos casi
identicos, y por consiguiente su potencia se controla de forma conjunta.
Control automatic° de potencia hacia adelante
[0042] El sistema AFPC intenta mantener la SIR minima requerida en los canales de ida durante una
Ilamada/conexion. El proceso recursivo del sistema AFPC mostrado en la figura 3 comprende los pasos de que la
15 SUgenere en el paso 301 las dos seriales de error ei y ez, donde
= Pa -(1 + SNRaw) (4)
e2 =Pr -P•
(5)
y Pd es la potencia de la serial mas ruido comprimida, PN es la potencia de ruido comprimido, SNRREF es la relacion
sefial/ruido requerida para el tipo de servicio, Pr es una medida de la potencia total recibida y Po es el valor fijado
20 porel circuito de control automatic° de ganancia (AGC). A continuaciOn, el modem de la SU genera en el paso 302
la sefial de error combinada aiei + azez. Aqui, los coeficientes Qi y az se eligen para cada tipo de servicio y cada
velocidad de actualizaciOn del APC. En el paso 303, la SU limita fuertemente la serial de error combinada y genera
un Onico bit APC. En el paso 304 la SU transmite el bit APC a la RCS, y en el paso 305 el modem de la RCS recibe
dicho bit. En el paso 306 la RCS aumenta o disminuye su potencia de transmisi6n hacia la SU y el algoritmo se
25 repite comenzando en el paso 301.
Control automatic° de potencia hacia atras
[0043] El sistema ARPC mantiene la SIR minima requerida en los canales de retorno para minimizar la potencia de
salida total del sistema hacia atras durante el establecimiento de la Ilamada/conexion y mientras la
Ilamada/conexiOn esta en progreso. El proceso recursivo del sistema ARPC mostrado en la figura 4 comienza en el
30 paso 401 en el que el modem de la RCS genera las dos sefiales de error ei y ez en dicho paso 401, donde
= Pa -(1 + SNRPEP) Pr:
(6)
= Pit -Po
(7)
y Pd es la potencia de la serial mas ruido comprimida, PN es la potencia de ruido comprimido, SNRREF es la relacion
serial /ruido de referenda para el tipo de servicio, P1,-es una medida de la potencia total media recibida por la RCS
y Po es el valor fijado por el circuito de control automatico de ganancia (AGC). El modem de la RCS genera en el
5 paso 402 la serial de error combinada ale, + a2e2 y limita fuertemente esta serial de error para generar un unico bit
APC en el paso 403. En el paso 404, la RCS transmite el bit APC a la SU, y en el paso 405 la SU recibe dicho bit.
Finalmente, la SU ajusta su potencia de transmision en el paso 406 de acuerdo con el bit APC recibido, y el
proceso se repite comenzando en el paso 401.
TABLA 2
Simbolos/valoresumbralesuti l izadosparaelcalculodelbitAPC
Tipodeservicioo Ilamada Estado Ilamada/ Simbolo (yvalorumbra!)utilizadopara la
conexion decisi6ndelbitAPC
Cualquiera Estableciendose AXCH
SU sobreRDSID Enprogreso Unsimbolo 1/64 kbit/sdelTRCH (RDSID)
SU sobreRDSI 1B+D Enprogreso TRCH (RDSIB)
SU sobreRDSI2B+D Enprogreso TRCH (un RDSIB)
SU sobrePOTS(PCM64 kbit/s) Enprogreso Unsimbolo1/64kbit/sdelTRCH,usavalor
umbra! PCM64 kbit/s
SU sobrePOTS (ADPCM32 kbit/s) Enprogreso Unsimbolo1/64kbit/sdelTRCH,usavalor
umbralADPCM 32 kbit/s
Llamadademantenimientosilenciosa Enprogreso OW(continuoduranteuna Ilamadade
(cualquierSU) mantenimiento)
10
SIR y diversos tipos de canal
[0044] La SIR requerida para los canales de un enlace es una funciOn del formato de canal (por ejemplo, TRC,
OW), del tipo de servicio (por ejemplo, RDSI B, ADPCM POTS de 32 kbit/s), y del nOmero de simbolos sobre los
que se distribuyen los bits de datos (por ejemplo, dos simbolos de 64 kbit/s se integran para formar un Onico
15 simbolo ADPCM POTS de 32 kbit/s). La potencia de salida del desexpansor correspondiente a la SIR requerida
para cada canal y tipo de servicio esta predeterminada. Mientras una Ilamada/conexiOn esta en progreso, varios
canales logicos CDMA de usuario estan activos al mismo tiempo; y cada uno de estos canales transfiere un
simbolo en cada periodo de simbolo. En cada periodo de simbolo se mide la SIR del simbolo en el canal con la
SIR nominalmente mayor, se compara con un valor umbral y se utiliza para determinar la decision de fijar a valor
20 alto o bajo el bit APC. La tabla 2 indica el simbolo (y el valor umbral) utilizado para el calculo del bit APC segtIn el
servicio y el tipo de Ilamada.
Parametros APC
[0045] La informacion APC se transmite siempre como un Onico bit de informaciOn, y la velocidad de datos APC es
equivalente a la velocidad de actualizacion del APC. La velocidad de actualizacion del APC es de 64 kbit/s. Esta
25 velocidad es lo suficientemente elevada como para acomodar los desvanecimientos esperados debidos a los
efectos Rayleigh y Doppler, y permite una tasa de errores de bits (BER) relativamente elevada (-0,2) en los
canales APC ascendente y descendente, lo que minimiza la capacidad dedicada al APC.
[0046] El aumento o disminuci6n de potencia indicado por un bit APC es nominalmente entre 0,1 y 0,01 dB. El
margen dinamico del control de potencia es de 70 dB para el enlace de retorno y de 12 dB para el enlace de ida
30 para la realizacion del ejemplo del presente sistema.
Forma de realizacion alternativa para multiplexar la informacion APC
[0047] Los canales logicos APC y OW dedicados descritos previamente pueden tambien multiplexarse juntos en
un canal lOgico. La informacion APC se transmite de forma continua a 64 kbit/s mientras que la informaci6n OW se
genera en forma de rafagas de datos. El canal lOgico multiplexado alternativo incluye la informacion APC de 64
5 kbit/s sin codificar y sin entrelazar en, por ejemplo, el canal en fase y la informaciOn OW en el canal en cuadratura
de la serial QPSK.
ImplementaciOn del control de potencia en bucle cerrado
[0048] El control de potencia en bucle cerrado durante una conexiOn de Ilamada responde a dos variaciones
diferentes en la potencia total del sistema. En primer lugar, el sistema responde a comportamientos locales tales
como cambios en el nivel de potencia de una SU y, en segundo lugar, el sistema responde a cambios en el nivel
de potencia del grupo completo de usuarios activos del sistema.
[0049] En la figura 5 se muestra el sistema de control de potencia del ejemplo de realizaciOn de la presente
invenciOn. Tal como se muestra, la circuiteria utilizada para ajustar la potencia transmitida es similar para la RCS
(mostrada como el mOdulo de control de potencia de la RCS 501) y para la SU (mostrada como el mOdulo de
15 control de potencia de la SU 502). Comenzando con el mOdulo de control de potencia de la RCS 501, la serial del
canal de radiofrecuencia del enlace de retorno se recibe en la antena de radiofrecuencia y se demodula para
generar la serial CDMA de retorno RMCH que se aplica al amplificador de ganancia variable (VGA1) 510. La serial
de salida del VGA1 510 se aplica al circuito de control automatic° de ganancia (AGC) 511 que genera una senal
de control del amplificador de ganancia variable que se aplica al VGA1 510. Esta serial mantiene el nivel de la
serial de salida del VGA1 510 en un valor casi constante. La serial de salida del VGA1 es comprimida por el
desexpansor-demultiplexor 512, que genera una serial de mensaje de usuario comprimida MS y un bit APC de ida.
El bit APC de ida se aplica al circuito integrador 513 para generar la seal de control APC de ida. La serial de
control APC de Ida controla el enlace de ida VGA2 514 y mantiene la serial del canal de radiofrecuencia del enlace
de ida a un nivel minimo necesario para la comunicacion.
25 [0050] La potencia de la serial de mensaje de usuario comprimida MS del mOdulo de control de potencia de la RCS
501 se mide por medio del medidor de potencia 515 para generar una indicaciOn de la potencia de la serial. La
salida del VAG1 510 es tambien comprimida por el desexpansor AUX 581 que comprime la serial utilizando un
c6digo de expansi6n sin correlacionar, y obteniendo, por consiguiente, una serial de ruido comprimida. La medida
de la potencia de esta serial mediante el medidor de potencia 582 se multiplica por 1 mas la relaciOn sefial/ruido
requerida (SNRR) en el circuito multiplicador 583 para generar la serial umbral Si. En el circuito restador 516 se
obtiene la diferencia entre la potencia de la serial comprimida y el valor umbra! Si. Esta diferencia es la serial de
error ES1, que es una serial de error relacionada con el nivel de potencia de transmisi6n de la SU concreta. De
forma similar, la serial de control del VGA1 510 se aplica al circuito de escala de frecuencia 517 para reducir la
frecuencia de la senal de control del VAG1 510. La serial de salida del circuito de escala 517 es una sefial a escala
35 del nivel de potencia del sistema SP1. La logica de calculo del valor umbral 518 calcula el valor umbral de la
potencia de la serial del sistema SST a partir de la serial de datos de potencia del canal de usuario de la RCS
(RCSUSR). El complemento de la serial a escala del nivel de potencia del sistema SP1 y el valor umbral de la
potencia de la serial del sistema SST se aplican al circuit° sumador 519 que genera una segunda serial de error
ES2. Esta serial de error esta relacionada con el nivel de potencia de transmision del sistema de todas las SU
activas. Las sefiales de error de entrada ES1 y ES2 se combinan en el circuito combinador 520 que genera una
sefial de error combinada que se aplica a la entrada del modulador delta (DM1) 521, y la serial de salida del DM1
es la serial de flujo del bit de APC de retorno, que tiene bits de valor +1 o -1, que en la presente invencion se
transmite como una serial de 64 kbit/s.
[0051] El bit APC de retorno se aplica al circuito de expansi6n 522, y la serial de salida del circuito de expansion
45 522 es la serial del mensaje APC de Ida de espectro expandido. Las seriales de taco y de OW de ida se aplican
tambien a los circuitos de expansi6n 523 y 524, generando seriales de mensajes de trafico de ida 1, 2, ..., N. El
nivel de potencia de la serial APC de ida, de la serial OW de ida y de las seriales de mensajes de trafico se ajustan
mediante los respectivos amplificadores 525, 526 y 527 para generar las seriales de los canales APC, OW y TRCH
de ida con nivel de potencia ajustado. Estas seriales se combinan en el circuito sumador 528 y se aplican al VAG2
514 que genera una serial del canal de radiofrecuencia del enlace de Ida.
[0052] La sefial del canal de radiofrecuencia del enlace de ida que incluye la serial APC de ida expandida se recibe
en la antena de radiofrecuencia de la SU, y se demodula para obtener la serial CDMA de ida FMCH. Esta serial se
aplica al amplificador de ganancia variable (VAG3) 540. La serial de salida del VAG3 se aplica al circuito de control
automatic° de ganancia (AGC) 541 que genera una serial de control del amplificador de ganancia variable para el
55 VAG3 540. Esta serial mantiene el nivel de la sefial de salida del VGA3 540 a un nivel casi constante. La serial de
salida del VAG3 540 es comprimida por el desexpansor demultiplexor 542, que genera una sefial de mensaje de
usuario comprimida SUMS y un bit APC de retorno. El bit APC de retorno se aplica al circuito integrador 543 que
genera la serial de control APC de retorno. Esta sena' de control APC de retorno se aplica al APC de retorno VGA4
544 para mantener la serial del canal de radiofrecuencia del enlace de retorno en un nivel de potencia minimo.
[0053] La serial de mensaje de usuario comprimida SUMS se aplica al circuito medidor de potencia 545 que genera
una serial de medida de la potencia que se suma al complemento del valor umbra! S2 en el circuito sumador 546
para generar la serial de error ES3. Esta serial ES3 es una serial de error relacionada con el nivel de potencia de
transmisiOn de la RCS hacia la SU concreta. Para obtener el valor umbral S2, la indicaci6n de potencia de ruido
comprimida procedente del desexpansor AUX y del medidor de potencia se multiplica por 1 mas la relaciOn
serial/ruido deseada SNRR. El desexpansor AUX comprime los datos de entrada utilizando un cOdigo de expansi6n
sin correlacionar, por lo que su salida es una indicaciOn de la potencia de ruido comprimida.
[0054] De forma similar, la serial de control para el VGA3 se aplica al circuito de escala de frecuencia para reducir
la frecuencia de la serial de control para el VGA3 con el fin de generar un nivel a escala de la potencia recibida
RP1 (ver figura 5). El circuito de calculo del valor umbral calcula el valor umbral de la serial recibida RST a partir de
la serial de potencia de la SU medida SUUSR. El complemento del nivel a escala de la potencia recibida RP1 y el
valor umbral de la serial recibida RST se aplican al circuito sumador que genera la serial de error ES4. Este error
esta relacionado con la potencia transmitida por la RCS a todas las SU restantes. Las seriales de error de entrada
ES3 y ES4 se combinan en el circuito combinador y se aplican a la entrada del modulador delta DM2 547, y la
serial de salida del DM2 547 es la serial de fiujo del bit APC de ida, que tiene bits de valor +1 o -1. En el ejemplo de
realizacion de la presente invenciOn, esta serial se transmite como una serial de 64 kbit/s.
[0055] La serial de fiujo del bit APC de ida se aplica al circuito de expansiOn 2948 para generar la serial APC de
retorno de espectro expandido de salida. Las sefiales de trafico y de OW de retorno se aplican tambien como
entradas a los circuitos desexpansores 549, 550, generando seriales de mensajes de taco 1,2, ..., N y de OW de
retorno; y el piloto de retorno es generado por el generador de piloto de retorno 551. El nivel de potencia de la
serial de mensaje APC de retorno, de la serial de mensaje de OW de retorno, de la serial piloto de retorno y de las
seriales de mensaje de taco de retorno se ajusta por los amplificadores 552, 553, 554, 555 para generar las
senates que se combinan en el circuito sumador 556 y que se aplican como entrada al APC de retorno VGA4 544.
Es este VGA4 544 el que genera la serial del canal de radiofrecuencia del enlace de retorno.
[0056] Durante el proceso de conexi6n de la Ilamada y de establecimiento del canal portador se modifica el control
de potencia en bucle cerrado de la presente invenciOn, tal como se muestra en la figura 6. Como se muestra en
dicha figura, los circuitos utilizados para ajustar la potencia transmitida son diferentes para la RCS, mostrados
como el mOdulo de control de potencia inicial de la RCS 601, y para la SU, mostrados como el mOdulo de control
de potencia inicial de la SU 602. Comenzando con el mOdulo de control de potencia inicial de la RCS 601, la serial
del canal de radiofrecuencia del enlace de retorno se recibe en la antena de radiofrecuencia y se demodula para
generar la serial CDMA de retorno IRMCH que es recibida por el primer amplificador de ganancia variable (VGA1)
603. La serial de salida del VGA1 603 es detectada por el circuito de control automatic° de ganancia (AGC1) 604
que proporciona al VGA1 603 una serial de control del amplificador de ganancia variable para mantener el nivel de
la serial de salida del VAG1 en un valor casi constante. La serial de salida del VAG1 es comprimida por el
desexpansor demultiplexor 605 que genera una serial de mensaje de usuario comprimida IMS. La serial de control
APC de ida, ISET, se fija a un valor determinado y se aplica al amplificador de ganancia variable del enlace de ida
(VGA2) 606 para fijar la serial del canal de radiofrecuencia del enlace de ida a un nivel predeterminado.
[0057] Se mide la potencia de la serial de mensaje de usuario comprimida IMS del modulo de control de potencia
inicial de la RCS 601 por medio del circuito de medida de potencia 607, y la medida de la potencia de salida se
resta de un valor umbra! S3 en el circuito restador 608 para generar la serial de error ES5, que es una serial de
error relacionada con el nivel de potencia de transmisiOn de una SU determinada. El valor umbral S3 se calcula
multiplicando la medida de la potencia comprimida obtenida del desexpansor AUX por 1 mas la relaciOn setial/ruido
deseada SNRR. El desexpansor AUX 681 comprime la serial utilizando un c6digo de expansion sin correlacionar,
con lo que su serial de salida es una indicaci6n de la potencia de ruido comprimido. De forma similar, la serial de
control del VGA1 se aplica al circuito de escala de frecuencia 609 para reducir la frecuencia de la serial de control
del VAG1 con el fin de generar una serial a escala del nivel de potencia del sistema SP2. La lOgica de calculo del
valor umbra! 610 determina un valor inicial del umbral de la serial del sistema (ISST) obtenida a partir de la serial
de datos de potencia del canal de usuario (IRCSUSR). El complemento de la serial a escala del nivel de potencia
del sistema 5P2 y la serial ISST se aplican al circuito sumador 611 que genera una segunda serial de error ES6,
que es una serial de error relacionada con el nivel de potencia de transmision del sistema de todas las SU activas.
El valor de ISTT es la potencia de transmisi6n deseada de un sistema que tiene la configuracion concreta. Las
sefiales de error de entrada ES5 y ES6 se combinan en un circuito combinador 612 que genera una serial de error
combinada que se aplica a la entrada del modulador delta (DM3) 613. El DM3 genera la serial de fiujo del bit APC
de retorno inicial, que tiene bits de valor +1 o -1, que en la presente invenciOn se transmite como una serial de 64
kbit/s.
[0058] La serial de flujo del bit APC de retorno se aplica al circuito de expansi6n 614 para generar la serial APC de
ida inicial de espectro expandido. La informaci6n del canal de control (CTCH) es expandida por el circuito expansor
616 para generar la serial de mensaje CTCH expandida. Las seriales expandidas APC y CTCH son escaladas por
los amplificadores 615 y 617, y combinadas en el circuito combinador 618. La serial combinada se aplica al VAG2
606, que genera la serial del canal de radiofrecuencia del enlace de ida.
[0059] La serial del canal de radiofrecuencia del enlace de ida que incluye la serial APC de Ida expandida se recibe
en la antena de radiofrecuencia de la SU y se demodula para obtener la serial CDMA de Ida inicial (IFMCH) que se
aplica al amplificador de ganancia variable (VGA3) 620. La serial de salida del VGA3 es detectada por el circuito de
control automatic° de ganancia (AGC2) 621 que genera una serial de control del amplificador de ganancia variable
5 para el VAG3 620. Esta serial mantiene el nivel de potencia de salida del VAG3 620 a un valor casi constante. La
serial de salida del VAG3 se comprime por el desexpansor demultiplexor 622, que genera un bit APC de retorno
inicial que depende del nivel de salida del VAG3. El bit APC de retorno se procesa en el circuito integrador 623
para generar la serial de control APC de retorno. La serial de control APC de retomo se aplica al APC de retorno
VGA4 624 para mantener la serial del canal de radiofrecuencia del enlace de retorno a un nivel de potencia
definido.
[0060] La serial de canal global AXCH se expande mediante el circuit° de expansiOn 625 para generar la serial de
canal AXCH expandida. El generador de piloto de retorno 626 genera una serial de piloto de retorno, y la potencia
de las seriales AXCH y de piloto de retorno se ajustan por los respectivos amplificadores 627 y 628. La serial de
canal AXCH expandida y la serial de piloto de retomo se suman en el circuito sumador 629 para generar la serial
15 CDMAdel enlace de retorno. La serial CDMA del enlace de retorno es recibida por el APC de retorno VGA4 624
que genera la salida de la serial del canal de radiofrecuencia del enlace de retorno hacia el transmisor de
radiofrecuencia.
GestiOn de la capacidad del sistema
[0061] El algoritmo de gesti6n de la capacidad del sistema de la presente invenciOn optimiza la maxima capacidad
de usuarios para el area de una RCS, denominada celda. Cuando la SU Ilega a un cierto valor maxim° de potencia
de transmisi6n, la SU envia un mensaje de alarma a la RCS. La RCS cambia a "rojo" el indicador conmutable que
controla el acceso al sistema que, como se describiO anteriormente, es una indicacion que inhibe el acceso de las
SU. Esta condici6n permanece en vigor hasta que la SU que genera la alarma termina su Ilamada o hasta que la
potencia de transmisiOn de la SU que genero la alarma, medida en la SU, tiene un valor inferior a la potencia de
25 transmisi6n maxima. Cuando varias SU envian mensajes de alarma, la condici6n permanece en vigor hasta que se
terminan todas las Ilamadas de las SU que generaron alarmas o hasta que la potencia de transmision de todas las
SU que generaron alarmas, medida en cada SU, tiene un valor inferior a la potencia de transmisiOn maxima. Una
realizaciOn alternativa realiza la medida de la tasa de errores de bits a partir del decodificador FEC (forward error
correction, correcci6n de errores hacia adelante) y mantiene el indicador conmutable de la RCS en "rojo" hasta que
la tasa de errores de bits es menor que un valor predeterminado.
[0062] La estrategia de bloqueo de la presente invenciOn incluye un metodo que utiliza la informaci6n de control de
potencia transmitida desde la RCS a una SU, y las medidas de la potencia recibida en la RCS. La RCS mide su
nivel de potencia de transmisi6n, detecta que se ha alcanzado un valor maxim° y determina cuando bloquear a
nuevos usuarios. Una SU que se esta preparando para entrar en el sistema se bloquea a si misma si la SU
35 alcanza la potencia de transmision maxima antes de completar con exit° la asignaci6n de un canal portador.
[0063] Cada usuario adicional en el sistema tiene el efecto de aumentar el nivel de ruido de todos los otros
usuarios, lo que disminuye la relaciOn serial/ruido (SNR) que experimenta cada usuario. El algoritmo de control de
potencia mantiene una SNR deseada para cada usuario. Por consiguiente, en ausencia de cualesquiera otras
limitaciones, la entrada de un nuevo usuario al sistema solo tiene un efecto transitorio y se vuelve a recuperar la
SNR deseada.
[0064] La medida de la potencia de transmisi6n en la RCS se realiza midiendo el valor cuadratico medio (rms) de la
serial combinada en banda base o bien midiendo la potencia de transmisi6n de la serial de radiofrecuencia y
realimentandola a los circuitos de control digital. La medida de la potencia de transmisiOn puede ser realizada
tambien por las SU para determinar si la unidad ha alcanzado su potencia de transmisi6n maxima. El nivel de
45 potencia de transmisi6n de la SU se determina midiendo la serial de control del amplificador de radiofrecuencia y
escalando el valor en base al tipo de servicio, tal como POTS (plain old telephone service, servicio telefOnico
basico), fax o red digital de servicios integrados (RDSI).
[0065] La informacion de que una SU ha alcanzado la potencia maxima se transmite por la SU a la RCS en un
mensaje por los canales asignados. La RCS determina tambien la condicion midiendo el APC de retorno, ya que si
la RCS envia a la SU mensajes de APC para que la SU aumente su potencia de transmisi6n y la potencia
transmitida por la SU medida en la RCS no ha aumentado esto significa que la SU ha alcanzado la potencia de
transmisi6n maxima.
[0066] La RCS no utiliza semaforos para bloquear a nuevos usuarios que han terminado la escalada de potencia
utilizando c6digos cortos. Estos usuarios son bloqueados al denegarles el tono de marcar y dejandoles que
55 transcurra el intervalo de retardo. La RCS envia una serial todos "1" (ordenes de disminuci6n) sobre el canal APC
para hacer que la SU disminuya su potencia de transmisiOn. La RCS tambien deja de enviar el mensaje CTCH o
envia un mensaje con una direcciOn invalida que forzara a la FSU a abandonar el procedimiento de acceso y a
comenzar de nuevo. La SU no comienza inmediatamente el proceso de adquisicion porque los semaforos estan en
"rojo".
[0067] Cuando la RCS alcanza su limite de potencia de transmision fuerza el bloqueo de la misma manera que
cuando una SU alcanza su limite de potencia de transmisi6n. La RCS apaga todos los sernaforos sobre el FBCH,
comienza a enviar bits APC todos "1" (ordenes de disminuciOn) a aquellos usuarios que han completado su
5 escalada de potencia utilizando cOdigos cortos pero a los que no ha dado aim tono de marcar, y deja de enviar el
mensaje CTCH a estos usuarios o envia mensajes con direcciones invalidas para forzarles a abandonar el proceso
de acceso.
[0068] El algoritmo de autobloqueo de la SU es el siguiente. Cuando la SU comienza a transmitir el AXCH, el APC
comienza su operaciOn de control de potencia utilizando el AXCH y la potencia de transmisi6n de la SU aumenta.
10 Mientras la potencia de transmisiOn esta aumentando bajo el control del APC es supervisada por el controlador de
la SU. Si se alcanza el limite de la potencia de transmision, la SU abandona el procedimiento de acceso y
comienza de nuevo.
[0069] Aunque la invenciOn se ha descrito en terminos de un ejemplo de realizaciOn, debe entenderse por los
expertos en la tecnica que la invenciOn puede ser Ilevada a la practica con modificaciones a la forma de realizacion
15 que estan dentro del alcance de la invenciOn tal como se define en las reivindicaciones siguientes.
Claims (6)
- REIVINDICACIONES1. Metodo para controlar niveles de potencia de transmisi6n de una unidad de abonado en un acceso mUltiple por divisiOn de cOdigo, CDMA, el metodo comprendiendo:recibir por la unidad de abonado un bit de control de potencia en un canal APC de control de potencia automatic° 5 de enlace descendente, el bit de control de potencia indicando un aumento o una disminuci6n en el nivel de potencia de transmisi6n; transmitir una pluralidad de canales y una serial piloto asignada de retorno por la unidad de abonado, la pluralidad de canales incluyendo un canal de trafico y un canal APC de control automatic° de potencia de retorno; ajustar, en respuesta al bit de control de potencia recibido, un nivel de potencia de transmisi6n del canal de trafico,10 el canal APC de retorno y la serial piloto asignada de retorno, en donde el nivel de potencia de transmisi6n del canal de taco, el canal APC de retorno y la seal piloto asignada de retorno se fijan proporcionalmente entre si y se controla su potencia de forma conjunta; ytransmitir el canal de taco, el canal APC de retorno y la serial piloto asignada de retorno en sus respectivos niveles ajustados de potencia de transmisi6n.
- 15 2. Metodo segun la reivindicaciOn 1, en el que el canal APC de retorno Ileva al menos una orden de potencia.
-
- 3.
- Metodo segiin la reivindicaciOn 1 o 2, en el que el canal de taco y el canal APC de retorno tienen diferentes relaciones requeridas de serial a interferencia, SIR.
-
- 4.
- Metodo segun una de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en el que el bit de control de potencia tiene un valor de +1 o -1.
- 20 5. Unidad de abonado de acceso maltiple por divisiOn de c6digo, CDMA, que comprende:
un dispositivo de desexpansiOn y demultiplexaciOn configurado para recuperar un bit de control de potencia de uncanal APC de control automatic° de potencia de enlace descendente, en el que el bit de control de potencia tieneun valor que indica una orden para aumentar o disminuir el nivel de potencia de transmisi6n; ydispositivos de ganancia configurados, en respuesta al bit de control de potencia recibido, para ajustar un nivel de25 potencia de transmisiOn de un canal de taco, un canal APC de control automatic° de potencia de retorno y una serial piloto asignada de retorno antes de la transmision por la unidad de abonado, en donde el nivel de potencia de transmisi6n del canal de trafico, el canal APC de retorno y la senal piloto asignada de retorno se controlan de forma conjunta y se fijan proporcionalmente entre Si. - 6. Unidad de abonado de CDMA de la reivindicacion 5, en la que el canal APC de retorno Ileva al menos una orden 30 depotencia.
-
- 7.
- Unidad de abonado de CDMA de la reivindicacion 5, en la que el canal de trafico y el canal APC de retorno tienen diferentes relaciones requeridas de serial a interferencia, SIR.
-
- 8.
- La unidad de abonado CDMA de una de las reivindicaciones 5 a 7, en la que el bit de control de potencia tiene un valor de +1 o -1.
,..,=IMMO0u.....1 V‘I . . If,71 Ir.MODEM DE SU ENViA MENSAJE LARGO CON CODIGO DE 128 CHIPS EN STCH MINDEN DE RCS ENViA MENSAJE LARGO CON CODIGO DE 128 CHIPS EN CUCH202LRECIBE MODEMsDE SU RESPUESTA EN 3 MS.?MODEM DE SU REDUCE LA 203POTENCIA DE TRANSMISION EN UN TAMAN() DE PASO PREDETERMINADO204\-201MODEM DE SU AUMENTA LA POTENCIA DE TRANSMISION . EN UN TAMAN° DE PASO PREDETERMINADO1 MODEM DE SU ESPERA DURANTE UN PERiODO ALEATORIO DE 205TIEMPO. LUEGO ENViA OTRO MENSAJE LARGO CON CODIGO DE 128 CHIPS EN STCH. RCS ENVIA RESPUESTA CON CODIGO DE 128 CHIPSVSU AJUSTA LA POTENCIA DE206TRANSMISION EN BASE A LOS MENSAJES DE RESPUESTA DE RCS; EL MODEM DE RCS FIJA LA POTENCIA DE TRANSMISION DE LOS MENSAJES EN CUCHFIG. 2ELMODEM DE SU FORMASEc 301 "e1.y e2NALES DE ERROR eivy Pd --(1+6NRREQ)PNe2. Pr PoELMODEM DE SU FORMA LASE"COMBINADANAL DE ERRORk. 302alai+a2.2ELMODEMDESULIMITAMUCHOLA SEFIALDE ERRORCOMBINADAHASTA FORMARUN SOLO BITDEAPC303lbSU TRANSMITE EL BIT DE APC A LA RCS EN EL CANAL DE APC 1,304 DE RETORNOEL CANAL DE RCS RECIBEkne 305EL UNICO BIT DE APCRCS AUMENTA 0 REDUCE LA POTEN-306 CIA DE TRANSMISION HACIA LA SU DE LOS CANALES HACIA ADELANTEFIG. 3al RCS FORMA LAS SEAALES401DE ERROR el, Y e2 sic, Pe —(1+SNR REQ)PN e2 P, —P0EL MODEM DE RCS FORMA LA SEFIAL DE ERROR COMBINADA402 ai +a2e2EL MODEM DE RCS LIMITA MUCHO LA SEFIAL DE ERROR COMBINADA HASTA FORMAR UN SOLO BIT 403 DE APC.RCS TRANSMITE EL BIT DE APC A LA SU EN EL CANAL DE APCk404HACIA ADELANTEEL MODEM DE SU RECIBE EL CJNICO BIT DE APCk.405LA SU AUMENTA 0 REDUCE SU406POTENCIA DE TRANSMISION CON- FORME AL BIT DE APC RECIBIDOFIG 4
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US77595P | 1995-06-30 | 1995-06-30 | |
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ES99122098T Expired - Lifetime ES2146570T3 (es) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Modem(cdma) de acceso multiple por division de codigos. |
ES01113684T Expired - Lifetime ES2225353T3 (es) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Metodo para transmitir a unidades de abonado informacion sobre la disponibilidad de canales en un sistema cdma. |
ES96923525T Expired - Lifetime ES2167584T3 (es) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Modem cdma. |
ES02005246T Expired - Lifetime ES2366343T3 (es) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Adquisición de código en un sistema de comunicación cdma. |
ES02005245T Expired - Lifetime ES2201948T3 (es) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Metodo para incrementar la capacidad en un sistema de cdma. |
ES96923527T Expired - Lifetime ES2144384T3 (es) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Sistema de comunicaciones de acceso multiple por division de codigo. |
ES99126233T Pending ES2147548T1 (es) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Control automatico de potencia para un sistema de comunicaciones cdma. |
ES96922615T Expired - Lifetime ES2184878T3 (es) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Sistema automatico de control de potencia para un sistema de comunicaciones de acceso multiple por division de codigo (cdma). |
ES02005244T Expired - Lifetime ES2234939T3 (es) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Gestion de capacidad en un sistema cdma. |
ES99122091T Expired - Lifetime ES2146568T3 (es) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Aparato generador de codigo de secuencia para un modem cdma. |
ES99126232T Pending ES2147547T1 (es) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Sistema de control de potencia automatico para un sistema de comunicaciones (cdma) de acceso multiple de division por codigo. |
ES99122097T Expired - Lifetime ES2146569T3 (es) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Aparato correlador de un vector piloto para un modem cdma. |
ES02005247T Expired - Lifetime ES2234940T3 (es) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Sistema de comunicacion de acceso multiple por division de codigo. |
ES01118805T Expired - Lifetime ES2173053T3 (es) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Sistema de comuniacion (cdma) de acceso multiple de division de codigo. |
ES09015385.9T Expired - Lifetime ES2437178T3 (es) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Control de potencia automático para un sistema de comunicación de acceso múltiple por division de código (CDMA) |
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ES01113684T Expired - Lifetime ES2225353T3 (es) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Metodo para transmitir a unidades de abonado informacion sobre la disponibilidad de canales en un sistema cdma. |
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ES02005246T Expired - Lifetime ES2366343T3 (es) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Adquisición de código en un sistema de comunicación cdma. |
ES02005245T Expired - Lifetime ES2201948T3 (es) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Metodo para incrementar la capacidad en un sistema de cdma. |
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ES99126232T Pending ES2147547T1 (es) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-27 | Sistema de control de potencia automatico para un sistema de comunicaciones (cdma) de acceso multiple de division por codigo. |
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- 1996-07-01 AP APAP/P/1996/000832A patent/AP681A/en active
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- 1996-12-23 TW TW085115906A patent/TW318983B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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1997
- 1997-01-12 SA SA06270486A patent/SA06270486B1/ar unknown
- 1997-03-13 ID IDP20000777D patent/ID26100A/id unknown
- 1997-10-23 US US08/956,980 patent/US6212174B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1997-12-18 FI FI974553A patent/FI115810B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1997-12-29 NO NO19976095A patent/NO318270B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
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1998
- 1998-02-17 US US09/024,473 patent/US5991332A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1999
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2000
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2001
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2002
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2003
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2004
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2005
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2006
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2007
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2008
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2009
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2010
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2011
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2012
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2013
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2014
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2015
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