EP2267520B1 - A method and device for displaying an image - Google Patents
A method and device for displaying an image Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2267520B1 EP2267520B1 EP10008752.7A EP10008752A EP2267520B1 EP 2267520 B1 EP2267520 B1 EP 2267520B1 EP 10008752 A EP10008752 A EP 10008752A EP 2267520 B1 EP2267520 B1 EP 2267520B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light modulator
- light
- controllable elements
- spatial light
- controllable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
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- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
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- G09G3/342—Control of illumination source using several illumination sources separately controlled corresponding to different display panel areas, e.g. along one dimension such as lines
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- H04N5/7416—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal
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- H04N9/3102—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators
- H04N9/312—Driving therefor
- H04N9/3126—Driving therefor for spatial light modulators in series
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- H04N9/3188—Scale or resolution adjustment
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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Definitions
- Modern digital imaging systems are capable of capturing and recording digital representations of scenes in which the dynamic range of the scene is preserved.
- Computer imaging systems are capable of synthesizing images having high dynamic ranges.
- current display technology is not capable of rendering images in a manner which faithfully reproduces high dynamic ranges.
- Blackham et al. U.S. patent No. 5,978,142 discloses a system for projecting an image onto a screen.
- the system has first and second light modulators which both modulate light from a light source.
- Each of the light modulators modulates light from the source at the pixel level.
- Light modulated by both of the light modulators is projected onto the screen.
- This invention provides displays for displaying images and methods for displaying images.
- This invention provides displays capable of rendering images with high dynamic ranges.
- Displays according to the invention comprise two light modulating stages. Light passes through the stages in series to provide an image which has an increased dynamic range.
- light from light source 12 is directed toward a first light modulator 16.
- Light source 12 preferably provides substantially uniform illumination of first light modulator 16.
- Light modulator 16 comprises an array of individually addressable elements.
- Light modulator 16 may comprise, for example, a LCD (liquid crystal display), which is an example of a transmission-type light modulator or a DMD (deformable mirror device), which is an example of a reflection-type light modulator.
- Display driver circuitry (not shown in Figure 1 ) controls the elements of light modulator 16 according to data which defines an image being displayed.
- first light modulator 16 Light which has been modulated by first light modulator 16 is imaged onto a rear-projection screen 23 by a suitable optical system 17.
- Light from a small area of first light modulator 16 is directed by optical system 17 to a corresponding area on rear-projection screen 23.
- optical system 17 comprises a lens having a focal length f.
- the optical system 17 which images light modulated by first light modulator 16 onto rear-projection screen 23 may comprise one or more mirrors, lenses or other optical elements. Such an optical system has the function of imaging light modulated by the first light modulator onto a second light modulator.
- rear-projection screen 23 comprises a second light modulator 20 and a collimator 18.
- a main function of collimator 18 is to cause light which passes through rear-projection screen 23 to be directed preferentially toward a viewing area.
- Collimator 18 may comprise a Fresnel lens, a holographic lens, or, in the alternative, another arrangement of one or more lenses and/or other optical elements which will guide light in the direction of a viewing area.
- collimator 18 causes light to travel through the elements of second light modulator 20 in a direction which is generally normal to screen 23. As light incident from collimator 18 travels through second light modulator 20 it is further modulated. The light then passes to a diffuser 22 which scatters the outgoing light through a range of directions so that a viewer located on an opposite side of diffuser 22 from first light modulator 16 can see light originating from the whole area of screen 23. In general, diffuser 22 may scatter light to a different angular extent in the horizontal and vertical planes. Diffuser 22 should be selected so that light modulated by second light modulator 20 is scattered through a range of angles such that the maximum scatter angle is at least equal to the angle subtended by screen 23 when viewed from a desired viewing location.
- Rear-projection screen 23 may differ in area from first light modulator 16.
- rear-projection screen 23 may be larger in area than first light modulator 16.
- optical system 17 expands the beam of light modulated by first light modulator 16 to illuminate a larger corresponding area on rear-projection screen 23.
- Display 10 may be a color display. This may be achieved in various ways including:
- light source 12, first light modulator 16 and optical system 17 may all be parts of a digital video projector 37 located to project an image defined by a signal 38A from a controller 39 onto the back side of rear-projection screen 23.
- the elements of second light modulator 20 are controlled by a signal 38B from controller 39 to provide an image to a viewer which has a high dynamic range.
- a display 10A according to the invention may comprise one or more additional light modulation stages 24.
- Each additional light modulation stage 24 comprises a collimator 25, a light modulator 26 and an optical system 27 which focuses light from light modulator 26 onto either the next additional light modulation stage 24 or on collimator 18.
- Devices according to this embodiment of the invention may have one or more additional light modulation stages 24.
- the luminance of any point on output diffuser 22 can be adjusted by controlling the amount of light passed on by corresponding elements of light modulators 16, 20 and 26.
- This control may be provided by a suitable control system (not shown in Figure 2 ) connected to drive each of light modulators 16, 20 and 26.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a display 10B according to an alternative embodiment of the invention which includes a first light modulator 16A which comprises a deformable mirror device.
- a deformable mirror device is a "binary" device in the sense that each pixel may be either "on” or "off". Different apparent brightness levels may be produced by turning a pixel on and off rapidly. Such devices are described, for example, in U.S. patent Nos. 4,441,791 and, 4,954,789 and are commonly used in digital video projectors.
- Light source 12 and first light modulator 16 (or 16A ) may be the light source and modulator from a commercial digital video projector, for example.
- Light modulator 36 may have any of various constructions.
- light modulator 36 may comprise an array of LCD elements each having a controllable transmissivity located in front of a reflective backing.
- Light projected by projector 37 passes through each LCD element and is reflected back through the LCD element by the reflective backing.
- the luminance at any point on screen 34 is determined by the intensity of light received at that point by projector 37 and the degree to which light modulator 36 (e.g. the LCD element at that point) absorbs light being transmitted through it.
- Light modulator 36 could also comprise an array of electrophoretic display elements as described, for example, in Albert et al., U.S. patent No. 6,172,798 entitled Shutter Mode Microencapsulated Electrophoretic Display; Comiskey et al., U.S. patent No. 6,120,839 entitled Electro-osmotic Displays and Materials for Making the Same; Jacobson, U.S. patent No. 6,120,588 entitled: Electronically Addressable Microencapsulated Ink and Display; Jacobson et al., U.S. patent No. 6,323,989 entitled Electrophoretic Displays Using Nanoparticles; Albert, U.S. patent No. 6,300,932 entitled Electrophoretic Displays with Luminescent Particles and Materials for Making the Same or, Comiskey et al., U.S. patent No. 6,327,072 entitled Microcell Electrophoretic Displays.
- the cost of a light modulator and its associated control circuitry tends to increase with the number of addressable elements in the light modulator.
- one of the light modulators has a spatial resolution significantly higher than that of one or more other ones of the light modulators.
- the cost of a display according to such embodiments of the invention may be reduced.
- the higher-resolution light modulator should also be the color light modulator.
- the higher-resolution light modulator is imaged onto the lower-resolution light modulator.
- the lower-resolution light modulator is imaged onto the higher-resolution light modulator.
- Figure 5 illustrates one possible configuration of pixels in a display 10 as shown in Figure 1 .
- Nine pixels 42 of a second light modulator 20 correspond to each pixel 44 of a first light modulator 16.
- the number of pixels 42 of second light modulator 20 which correspond to each pixel 44 of first light modulator 16 may be varied as a matter of design choice.
- Pixels 42 of the higher-resolution one of first and second light modulators 16 and 20 (or 36 ) should be small enough to provide a desired overall resolution. In general there is a trade off between increasing resolution and increasing cost. In a typical display the higher-resolution light modulator will provide an array of pixels having at least a few hundred pixels in each direction and more typically over 1000 pixels in each direction.
- region 48 it is not possible to set the luminance to its minimum value because in that region the lower-resolution light modulator is set to its highest luminance value.
- each pixel of the lower-resolution light modulator corresponds to more than one pixel in the higher-resolution light modulator. It is not possible for points corresponding to any one pixel of the lower-resolution light modulator and different pixels of the higher-resolution light modulator to have luminance values at extremes of the device's dynamic range. The maximum difference in luminance between such points is determined by the dynamic range provided by the higher-resolution light modulator.
- controller 39 may determine a value for each pixel of the lower-resolution spatial light modulator and adjust the signals which control the higher-resolution spatial light modulator to reduce artefacts which result from the fact that each pixel of the lower-resolution spatial light modulator is common to a plurality of pixels of the higher-resolution spatial light modulator. This may be done in any of a wide number of ways.
- the controller may then set the pixels of the higher-resolution light modulator to cause the resulting image to approach the desired image. This could be done, for example, by dividing the desired luminance values by the known intensity of light incident from the lower-resolution light modulator on the corresponding pixels of the higher-resolution light modulator. Processing to generate the signals for driving the light modulators may be performed on the fly by controller 39, may be performed earlier by controller 39 or some other device and integrated into the image data or some processing may be performed earlier and controller 39 may perform final processing to generate the control signals.
- the sizes of steps in which each of pixels 42 and 44 can adjust the luminance of point(s) on the image are not necessarily equal.
- the pixels of the lower-resolution light modulator may adjust light intensity in coarser steps than the pixels of the higher-resolution light modulator.
- the lower-resolution light modulator may permit adjustment of light intensity for each pixel over an intensity range of 1 to 512 units in 8 steps while the higher-resolution light modulator may permit adjustment of the light intensity for each pixel over a similar range in 512 steps.
- pixels 42 and 44 are both illustrated as being square in Figure 5 , this is not necessary. Pixels 42 and/or 44 could be other shapes, such as rectangular, triangular, hexagonal, round, or oval.
- the spread function preferably has a full width at half maximum in the range of 0.3x d 2 to 3x d 2 , where d 2 is the center-to-center inter-pixel spacing, to yield the desired smoothly varying light intensity.
- d 1 is nearly equal to d 2 .
- each pixel 42 comprises three sub pixels 43R , 43G and 43B (for clarity Figure 5 omits sub pixels for some pixels 42 ).
- Sub-pixels 43R , 43G and 43B are independently addressable. They are respectively associated with red, green and blue color filters which are integrated into second light modulator 20.
- Various constructions of LCD panels which include a number of colored sub-pixels and are suitable for use in this invention are known in the art.
- first light modulator 16 For front projection-type displays (for example the display 10C of Figure 4 ), it is typically most practical for first light modulator 16 to comprise a high-resolution light modulator which provides color information and for light modulator 36 to comprise a monochrome light modulator.
- Light modulator 36 preferably has reasonably small addressable elements so that the boundaries of its elements do not form a visually distracting pattern.
- light modulator 36 may have the same number of addressable elements as projector 37 (although each such element will typically have significantly larger dimensions than the corresponding element in light modulator 16 of projector 37 ).
- Projector 37 may have any suitable construction. All that is required is that projector 37 be able to project light which has been spatially modulated to provide an image onto screen 34.
- Figure 6 illustrates a display system 10D according to a further alternative embodiment of the invention.
- System 10D comprises a screen 34 which has an integrated light modulator 36 as described above with reference to Figure 4 .
- System 10D comprises a projector 37A which has separate light modulators 16R, 16G and 16B for each of three colors. Light modulated by each of light modulators 16R, 16G and 16B is filtered by a corresponding one of three colored filters 47R, 47G and 47B. The modulated light is projected onto screen 34 by optical systems 17.
- a single light source 12 may supply light to all three light modulators 16R, 16G, and 16B, or separate light sources (not shown) may be provided.
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP10013295.0A EP2309315B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | A method and device for displaying an image |
EP10013294.3A EP2309314B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | A method and device for displaying an image |
EP10013296.8A EP2312380B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | A method and device for displaying an image |
EP10012364.5A EP2312379B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | Devices and method for displaying an image |
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US27156301P | 2001-02-27 | 2001-02-27 | |
EP02701139A EP1390806B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | High dynamic range display devices |
PCT/CA2002/000255 WO2002069030A2 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | High dynamic range display devices |
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EP02701139.4 Division | 2002-02-27 | ||
EP02701139A Division EP1390806B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | High dynamic range display devices |
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EP10013295.0A Previously-Filed-Application EP2309315B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | A method and device for displaying an image |
EP10013294.3A Previously-Filed-Application EP2309314B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | A method and device for displaying an image |
EP10013294.3A Division-Into EP2309314B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | A method and device for displaying an image |
EP10012364.5A Division-Into EP2312379B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | Devices and method for displaying an image |
EP10013294.3A Division EP2309314B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | A method and device for displaying an image |
EP10013296.8A Division EP2312380B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | A method and device for displaying an image |
EP10013296.8A Previously-Filed-Application EP2312380B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | A method and device for displaying an image |
EP10013296.8A Division-Into EP2312380B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | A method and device for displaying an image |
EP10012364.5A Previously-Filed-Application EP2312379B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | Devices and method for displaying an image |
EP10012364.5A Division EP2312379B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | Devices and method for displaying an image |
EP10013295.0A Division-Into EP2309315B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | A method and device for displaying an image |
EP10013295.0A Division EP2309315B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | A method and device for displaying an image |
EP10012364.5 Division-Into | 2010-09-30 | ||
EP10013295.0 Division-Into | 2010-09-30 | ||
EP10013296.8 Division-Into | 2010-09-30 | ||
EP10013294.3 Division-Into | 2010-09-30 |
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EP2267520A2 EP2267520A2 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
EP2267520A3 EP2267520A3 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
EP2267520B1 true EP2267520B1 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
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EP10013295.0A Expired - Lifetime EP2309315B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | A method and device for displaying an image |
EP10012364.5A Expired - Lifetime EP2312379B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | Devices and method for displaying an image |
EP10008752.7A Expired - Lifetime EP2267520B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | A method and device for displaying an image |
EP10013296.8A Expired - Lifetime EP2312380B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | A method and device for displaying an image |
EP10013294.3A Expired - Lifetime EP2309314B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | A method and device for displaying an image |
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EP02701139A Expired - Lifetime EP1390806B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | High dynamic range display devices |
EP10013295.0A Expired - Lifetime EP2309315B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | A method and device for displaying an image |
EP10012364.5A Expired - Lifetime EP2312379B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | Devices and method for displaying an image |
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EP10013296.8A Expired - Lifetime EP2312380B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | A method and device for displaying an image |
EP10013294.3A Expired - Lifetime EP2309314B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | A method and device for displaying an image |
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US (20) | US6891672B2 (ja) |
EP (6) | EP1390806B1 (ja) |
JP (10) | JP4348409B2 (ja) |
CN (3) | CN100545721C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE479129T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2002234470A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60237440D1 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK1390806T3 (ja) |
ES (6) | ES2856800T3 (ja) |
HK (2) | HK1069212A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2002069030A2 (ja) |
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