CN100545721C - 高动态范围显示装置 - Google Patents

高动态范围显示装置 Download PDF

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CN100545721C
CN100545721C CNB2006101080371A CN200610108037A CN100545721C CN 100545721 C CN100545721 C CN 100545721C CN B2006101080371 A CNB2006101080371 A CN B2006101080371A CN 200610108037 A CN200610108037 A CN 200610108037A CN 100545721 C CN100545721 C CN 100545721C
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spatial
display
light
spatial modulation
modulator
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CN1924680A (zh
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洛恩·怀特海德
格利格·沃德
沃尔夫冈·斯图尔兹令格
海尔基·斯特泽恩
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Brightside Technologies Inc
Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corp
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种显示器具有并入一个光调制器的显示屏。该显示屏可以是前投射显示屏或背投射显示屏。可以控制该光调制器的元件,以调节从显示屏上的对应区域发出的光的强度。该显示器可以提供高动态范围。

Description

高动态范围显示装置
本申请是国际申请日为2002年2月27日、中国专利申请号为02805551.9、发明名称为“高动态范围显示装置”一案的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于显示数字图像的显示器。
背景技术
动态范围是景物的最高亮度部分与景物的最低亮度部分的强度之比。例如,一个视频投射系统投射的图像可以具有300∶1的最大动态范围。
人的视觉系统能够识别具有极高动态范围的景物的特征。例如,一个人可以在明亮日照的白天观察无灯光的车库的阴影,并且看见阴影中的物体的细节,即使相邻的日照区域的亮度比景物的阴影部分的亮度大几千倍。创造这种景物的逼真重现可能要求显示器的动态范围超过1000∶1。名词“高动态范围”是指800∶1或以上的动态范围。
现代数字成像系统能够捕捉和记录景物的数字表示,其中保持了景物的动态范围。计算机成像系统能够合成具有高动态范围的图像。但是,目前的显示技术不能以如实复制高动态范围的方式重现图像。
Blackham等人的美国专利号5,978,142公开了一种系统,用于投射图像到显示屏上。该系统具有第一和第二光调制器,都对来自光源的光进行调制。每个光调制器在像素的水平上调制来自光源的光。被这两个光调制器调制的光投射到显示屏上。
Gibbon等人的PCT申请号PCT/US01/21367公开了一种投射系统,包含一个预调制器。该预调制器控制入射到一个可变形反射镜显示装置上的光的量。可以使用一个单独的预调制器使选定区域(例如一个象限)变暗。
存在一种需要使得成本有效的显示器能够复制被显示图像中的宽范围的光强度。
发明内容
本发明提供了用于显示图像的显示器以及用于显示图像的方法。本发明的一个方面是提供一种显示器,包括:光源;第一空间光调制器,用于调制来自光源的光;显示屏,包括第二空间光调制器;以及,一个光学系统,被配置用于使被第一空间光调制器调制的光成像到显示屏的第一面上。
本发明的另一个方面是提供一种显示器,包括:光源;第一空间光调制器,用于调制来自光源的光,该第一空间光调制器包括一个可控制的像素阵列;以及,第二空间光调制器,用于调制被第一空间光调制器调制的光,该第二空间光调制器包括一个可控制的像素阵列;其中第一和第二空间光调制器的其中一个的每个像素对应第一和第二空间光调制器的另一个调制器的多个像素。
本发明的另一个方面是提供一种显示装置,包括:第一空间调制装置,用于提供以第一空间分辨率被空间调制的光;第二空间调制装置,用于以不同于第一空间分辨率的第二空间分辨率对该光进行进一步空间调制;以及,用于控制第一和第二空间调制装置以显示由图像数据定义的图像的装置。
本发明的又一个方面是提供用于显示具有高动态范围的图像的一种方法。该方法包括:产生光;在第一光调制步骤中根据图像数据对该光进行空间调制;以及,使该空间调制的光成像到包括光调制器的一个显示屏上。
以下描述了本发明的另一些方面以及本发明的特定实施例的特征。
附图说明
在表示本发明的非限制性的实施例的附图中,
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的显示器的示意图;
图1A是图1的显示器的特定实施的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的一个替换性实施例的包括四个空间光调制器的显示器的示意图;
图3是根据本发明的另一个实施例的背投射型显示器的示意图;
图4是根据本发明的又一个实施例的前投射型显示器的示意图;
图5是表示在根据本发明的一个显示器中,较高分辨率的空间光调制器中的像素与较低分辨率的空间光调制器中的像素之间的一种可能的关系;
图5A表示提供一个光调制器其分辨率比另一个光调制器低的效果;
图6是具有一个替换性投射器构造的前投射型彩色显示器的示意图;
图6A和6B是图6的彩色显示器的前投射显示屏的部分放大剖视图;
图7是表示从一个较低分辨率的光调制器的像素被成像到一个较高分辨率的光调制器上的光如何能够重叠以产生光强度关于位置的平滑变化的曲线图;以及
图7A是表示一个光调制器的像素的图像的光强度关于位置的变化如何能够表示为一个方形曲线与一个扩展函数的卷积。
具体实施方式
在以下描述中,提出了特定细节,以提供对本发明的更彻底的理解。但是,没有这些细节也可以实施本发明。在其它例子中,没有显示或详细描述熟知的元件,以避免不必要地使本发明难以理解。因此,说明书和附图应视为示例性的,而非限制性的。
本发明提供了能够重现高动态范围的图像的显示器。根据本发明的显示器包括两个光调制级。光连续通过两级,以提供具有增大的动态范围的图像。
图1示意性地表示根据本发明的一个简单实施例的显示器10。图1中元件的尺寸以及它们之间的距离未按比例绘制。显示器10包括光源12。光源12可以例如包括一个投射灯例如白炽灯或弧光灯、激光,或另一个合适的光源。光源12可以包括一个光学系统,该光学系统包括一个或多个反射镜、透镜或其它光学元件,合作用于将光输送到显示器10的剩余部分。
在该示例的实施例中,来自光源12的光指向第一光调制器16。光源12较好地提供第一光调制器16的完全均匀的照明。光调制器16包括一个可单独寻址的元件阵列。光调制器16可以包括例如LCD(液晶显示器)或DMD(可变形反射镜装置),分别是透射型光调制器的例子和反射型光调制器的例子。显示器驱动电路(图1中未显示)根据定义被显示图像的数据控制光调制器16的元件。
被第一光调制器16调制的光通过合适的光学系统17成像到背投射显示屏23上。来自第一光调制器16的小区域的光通过光学系统17指向背投射显示屏23上的对应区域。在所示实施例中,光学系统17包括焦距为f的一个透镜。通常,使被第一光调制器16调制的光成像到背投射显示屏23上的光学系统17可以包括一个或多个反射镜、透镜或其它光学元件。这种光学系统具有使被第一光调制器调制的光成像到第二光调制器上的功能。
在所示实施例中,背投射显示屏包括第二光调制器20和准直仪18。准直仪18的主要功能是使通过背投射显示屏23的光优先指向观察区域。准直仪18可以包括菲涅耳透镜、全息透镜,或者,一个或多个透镜的另一种布置和/或使光导向观察区域的其它光学元件。
在所示实施例中,准直仪18使光以通常垂直于显示屏23的方向通过第二光调制器20的元件。当从准直仪18入射的光通过第二光调制器20时,被进一步调制。然后该光通到漫射器22,漫射器22使出射光在一个方向范围内散射,使得位于漫射器22的与第一光调制器16对侧的观察者能够看到从显示屏23的整个区域发出的光。通常,漫射器22可以使光在水平和垂直平面被散射到不同的角度。应当选择漫射器22使得被第二光调制器20调制的光在一个角度范围内散射,使得当从所需观察位置观察时,最大散射角至少等于显示屏23所张的角度。
背投射显示屏23的面积可以与第一光调制器16不同。例如,背投射显示屏23的面积可以比第一光调制器16大。在这种情况下,光学系统17使被第一光调制器16调制的光束扩展,以照明背投射显示屏23上的更大的对应面积。
第二光调制器20可以与第一光调制器16的类型相同或者不同。在第一和第二光调制器16和20都是使光发生偏振的类型的情况下,第二光调制器20的定向在实际中应尽可能地使其偏振面与从第一光调制器16入射到其上的光的偏振面匹配。
显示器10可以是一个彩色显示器。这可以用不同的方式实现,包含:
●使第一光调制器16和第二光调制器20的其中一个为彩色光调制器;
●提供并行作用于不同颜色的多个不同的第一光调制器16;以及
●提供一个机构,用于快速引导不同的彩色滤光片进入第二光调制器20之前的光路。
作为以上第一方法的一个例子,第二光调制器20可以包括具有多个像素的LCD面板,每个像素包括许多彩色的子像素。例如,每个像素可以包括三个子像素,一个与红色滤光片相连,一个与绿色滤光片相连,一个与蓝色滤光片相连。滤光片可以与LCD面板集成。
如图1A所示,光源12、第一光调制器16和光学系统17可以都是一个数字视频投射器37的一部分,数字视频投射器37用于使由来自控制器39的信号38A定义的图像投射到背投射显示屏23的背面。第二光调制器20的元件由来自控制器39的信号38B控制,以向观察者提供具有高动态范围的图像。
如图2所示,根据本发明的显示器10A可以包括一个或多个附加的光调制级24。每个附加的光调制级24包括准直仪25、光调制器26和光学系统27,光学系统27使来自光调制器26的光聚焦到下一个附加的光调制级24上或准直仪18上。在图2的装置10A中,有两个附加的光调制级24。根据本发明的该实施例的装置可以具有一个或多个附加的光调制级24。
通过控制由光调制器16、20和26的对应元件通过的光的量,可以调节输出漫射器22上任意点的亮度。该控制可以由相连的用于驱动每个光调制器16、20和26的一个合适的控制系统(图2中未显示)提供。
如上所述,光调制器16、20和26可以都是相同的类型或者可以是两种或更多的不同类型。图3表示根据本发明的一个替换性实施例的显示器10B,包含第一光调制器16A,第一光调制器16A包括一个可变形的反射镜装置。可变形的反射镜装置是一种“二元”装置,意思是每个像素可以是“开”或“关”。通过快速地使像素开或关,可以产生不同的表观亮度水平。这种装置在例如美国专利号4,441,791和4,954,789中被描述并且通常用于数字视频投射器。光源12和第一光调制器16(或16A)可以是例如来自一个商业数字视频投射器的光源和调制器。
图4表示根据本发明的一个前投射型显示器10C。显示器10C包括显示屏34。投射器37使图像38投射到显示屏34上。投射器37包括一个合适的光源12、第一光调制器16和光学系统17,适用于使由第一光调制器16定义的图像投射到显示屏34上。投射器37可以包括一个可以购买到的显示投射器。显示屏34并入第二光调制器36。第二光调制器36包括多个可寻址的元件,这些元件可以被单独控制,以影响显示屏34的对应区域的亮度。
光调制器36可以具有任意不同的构造。例如,光调制器36可以包括位于反射衬板前面的一个LCD元件阵列,每个LCD元件具有可控制的透射率。由投射器37投射的光通过每个LCD元件并且被反射衬板向回反射通过该LCD元件。显示屏34上任意点的亮度由投射器37在该点接收的光的强度以及光调制器36(例如该点处的LCD元件)对透射的光的吸收程度决定。
光调制器36还可以包括一个具有可变的回反射特性的元件阵列。该元件可以是棱镜元件。在例如Whitehead的美国专利号5,959,777,名称为“无源高效可变反射率图像显示装置”,以及Whitehead等人的美国专利号6,215,920,名称为“高效可变反射率图像显示器中总的内反射的电泳、高反射率与相位转换控制”中描述了这样的元件。
光调制器36还可以包括一个电泳显示元件阵列,如Albert等人的美国专利号6,172,798,名称为“快门模式微胶囊的电泳显示”;Comiskey等人的美国专利号6,120,839,名称为“电渗透显示器及其制造材料”;Jacobson的美国专利号6,120,588,名称为“可电寻址的微胶囊的墨水及显示器”;Jacobson等人的美国专利号6,323,989,名称为“使用超微粒子的电泳显示器”;Albert的美国专利号6,300,932,名称为“具有发光粒子的电泳显示器及其制造材料”或Comiskey等人的美国专利号6,327,072,名称为“微单元电泳显示器”中所述。
如图6A和6B所示,显示屏34较好地包括透镜元件40,用于使光优先指向观察者的眼睛。在所示实施例中,透镜元件40包括一个菲涅耳透镜,菲涅耳透镜的焦点与从投射器37发出的光锥的顶点完全重合。透镜元件40可以包括另一种透镜例如全息透镜。透镜元件40并入散射中心45,散射中心45在从显示屏34反射的光中提供所需程度的漫射。在所示实施例中,第二光调制器36包括具有很多像素42的反射LCD面板,该面板以反射层43为衬,并且安装在衬板47上。
在光调制器36包括一个具有可变的回反射特性的元件阵列的情况下,该元件本身可以被设计为使回反射的光优先指向显示屏34前面的观察区域的方向。反射层43可以设计成使光散射,以增大散射中心45的作用或者代替散射中心45。
如图4所示,控制器39提供数据定义图像38到每个第一光调制器16和第二光调制器36。控制器39可以包括,例如,配备有合适的显示适配器的计算机。控制器39可以包括图像处理硬件,以加速图像处理步骤。显示屏34上任意点的亮度由对应该点的第一光调制器16和第二光调制器36中像素的组合作用决定。在一些点处有最小亮度,对于这些点,第一和第二光调制器的对应像素被设置到它们的“最暗”状态。在一些点处有最大亮度,对于这些点,第一和第二光调制器的对应像素被设置到它们的“最亮”状态。其它点具有中间的亮度值。最大亮度值可以是例如105cd/m2左右。最小亮度值可以是例如10-2cd/m2左右。
光调制器及其相连的控制电路的成本往往随着该光调制器中可寻址元件的数量而增大。在本发明的一些实施例中,其中一个光调制器的空间分辨率比其它一个或多个光调制器高得多。当一个或多个光调制器为较低分辨率装置时,根据本发明的这种实施例的显示器的成本可以降低。在包括两个或多个光调制器的彩色显示器中,其中一个是彩色光调制器(多个单色光调制器的组合可以构成一个彩色光调制器,如例如图6所示),并且其中一个是较高分辨率的光调制器,该较高分辨率的光调制器也可以是彩色光调制器。在一些实施例中,较高分辨率的光调制器被成像到较低分辨率的光调制器上。在另一些实施例中,较低分辨率的光调制器被成像到较高分辨率的光调制器上。
图5表示在如图1所示的显示器10中像素的一种可能的配置。第二光调制器20的九个像素42对应第一光调制器16的每个像素44。与第一光调制器16的每个像素44对应的第二光调制器20的像素42的数量可以根据设计选择而改变。第一和第二光调制器16和20(或36)的其中较高分辨率的光调制器的像素44应当足够小,以提供所需的总分辨率。通常增大的分辨率与增加的成本之间有一个折衷。在一个典型的显示器中,较高分辨率的光调制器将提供一个像素阵列,该像素阵列在每个方向具有至少几百个像素,并且更典型地在每个方向超过1000个像素。
第一和第二光调制器的其中较低分辨率的光调制器的像素42的尺寸决定了光调制器能够可靠地从最大强度变到最小强度的范围。假设,例如,图5A表示一个人希望在一个最小亮度的大背景上显示最大亮度的一个小点的图像的情况。为了在点47上得到最大亮度,对应点47的每个第一和第二光调制器的像素应当被设置到它们的最大亮度值。在一个光调制器的像素的分辨率低于其它光调制器的像素的情况下,则较低分辨率的光调制器的一些像素将跨过点47的边界。这就是例如图5A中的情况。
点47的外面有两个区域。在区域48中不可能使亮度设置到其最小值,因为在该区域中较低分辨率的光调制器被设置到其最高亮度值。在区域49中两个光调制器都能被设置到其最低亮度值。如果,例如,每个第一和第二光调制器具有1到100单位的亮度范围,则区域47可能具有100×100=10,000单位的亮度,区域48将具有100×1=100单位的亮度,区域49将具有1×1=1单位的亮度。
一个光调制器的分辨率比另一个光调制器低的结果是,较低分辨率的光调制器的每个像素对应较高分辨率的光调制器的多于一个像素。对应较低分辨率的光调制器的任意一个像素以及较高分辨率的光调制器的不同像素的点不可能具有达到该装置的动态范围极限值的亮度值。这样的点之间的最大亮度差由较高分辨率的光调制器的动态范围决定。
显示器无法使彼此间隔很近的点之间的亮度差达到该显示器的全动态范围通常不是一个问题。人眼具有足够的固有散射以致在任何情况下无法察觉在极短距离上存在的大的亮度变化。
在根据本发明的包括较低分辨率的空间光调制器以及较高分辨率的空间光调制器的一个显示器中,对于较低分辨率的空间光调制器的每个像素,控制器39可以决定一个值,并且调节控制较高分辨率的空间光调制器的信号,以减小由于较低分辨率的空间光调制器的每个像素与较高分辨率的空间光调制器的多个像素共通而产生的假象。这可以用很多方法中的任意一种解决。
例如,假设较低分辨率的空间光调制器的每个像素对应较高分辨率的空间光调制器的多个像素的情况。指定所需图像的图像数据被提供给控制器。该图像数据表示对应较高分辨率的空间光调制器的每个像素的一个图像区域的所需亮度。控制器可以设置较低分辨率的光调制器的像素,以提供所需图像的近似。这可以通过例如,对于对应较低分辨率的光调制器的每个像素的图像区域,决定所需亮度值的平均或加权平均来实现。
然后控制器可以设置较高分辨率的光调制器的像素,以使合成的图像接近所需图像。这可以通过例如,将所需亮度值除以从较低分辨率的光调制器入射到较高分辨率的光调制器的对应像素上的光的已知强度来实现。产生用于驱动光调制器的信号的处理可以由控制器39在空中执行,可以由控制器39或某个其它装置更早地执行并且集成到图像数据,或者一些处理可以更早地执行并且控制器39可以执行最终处理以产生控制信号。
如果低分辨率像素太大,则观察者可能可以看出图像中亮元件周围的光环。低分辨率像素较好地足够小使得暗背景上的亮块或亮背景上的暗点的外观不会无法接受地退化。目前考虑的实际是对于较低分辨率的光调制器的每个像素,提供较高分辨率的光调制器上的大约8到大约144,更好地大约9到36的范围的像素。
每个像素42和44可以调节图像上点的亮度的步幅大小不必相等。较低分辨率的光调制器的像素调节光强度的步幅可以比较高分辨率的光调制器的像素粗。例如,较低分辨率的光调制器对于每个像素可以允许在1到512单位的强度范围以8步调节光强度,而较高分辨率的光调制器对于每个像素可以允许在类似范围以512步调节光强度。虽然在图5中像素42和44都表示为方形,但是这不是必要的。像素42和/或44可以是其它形状,例如矩形、三角形、六边形、圆形或椭圆形。
较低分辨率的光调制器的像素较好地发出一定程度上漫射的光,使得当光通过较低分辨率的光调制器的像素时,光强度适度光滑地变化。这是来自较低分辨率的光调制器的每个像素的光扩展到相邻像素的情况,如图7所示。如图7A所示,较低分辨率的光调制器中一个像素的强度曲线通常可以通过高斯扩展函数与宽度d1等于像素实际宽度的矩形曲线的卷积来近似。扩展函数较好地在0.3×d2到3×d2的范围内的半最大值处具有全宽度,其中d2为像素间中心间隔,以产生所需的平滑变化的光强度。典型地d1几乎等于d2
在图5的实施例中,每个像素包括三个子像素43R、43G和43B(为清楚起见,图5省略了一些像素42的子像素)。子像素43R、43G和43B是可独立寻址的。它们分别与集成到第二光调制器20的红色、绿色和蓝色滤光片相连。包含多个彩色子像素并且适合用于本发明的LCD面板的各种构造是已知技术。
对于前投射型显示器(例如图4的显示器10C),典型地最实用的是,第一光调制器16包括一个提供颜色信息的高分辨率光调制器,并且光调制器36包括一个单色光调制器。光调制器36较好地具有适度小的可寻址元件,使其元件的边界不形成一个视觉不清晰的图案。例如,光调制器36可以具有与投射器37相同数量的可寻址元件(尽管每个该元件的尺寸将典型地比投射器37的光调制器16中的对应元件大得多)。
投射器37可以具有任意合适的构造。全部所需的就是投射器37能够投射已经被空间调制的光,以提供图像到显示屏34。图6表示根据本发明的另一个替换性实施例的显示系统10D。系统10D包括显示屏34,显示屏34具有如上参考图4所述的集成的光调制器36。系统10D包括投射器37A,投射器37A对于每个颜色具有单独的光调制器16R、16G和16B。由每个光调制器16R、16G和16B调制的光被三个彩色滤光片47R、47G和47B的对应一个滤光片滤光。被调制的光通过光学系统17投射到显示屏34上。单个光源12可以向所有三个光调制器16R、16G和16B提供光,或者单独的光源(未显示)可以被提供。
显然,对于熟练的技术人员,按照前述公开,在实践本发明时有可能进行许多更改及变型,而不偏离其精神或范围。例如:
●漫射器22和准直仪18可以相互组合;
●漫射器22和准直仪18可以颠倒顺序;
●可以提供多个合作的元件以执行光漫射和/或准直;
●显示屏23中第二光调制器20、准直仪18和漫射器22的顺序可以改变;
●驱动第一光调制器16的信号38A可以包括驱动第二光调制器20的相同的数据,或者可以包括不同的数据。
因此,应当根据以下权利要求书定义的内容解释本发明的范围。

Claims (27)

1.一种显示器,包括:
光源;
第一空间光调制器,被定位以便调制来自光源的光,该第一空间光调制器包括可控制的像素阵列;和
第二空间光调制器,被定位以便调制被第一空间光调制器调制的光,该第二空间光调制器包括可控制的像素阵列;
其中第一和第二空间光调制器中一个调制器的每个像素对应于第一和第二空间光调制器中另一个调制器的多个像素,
其中该显示器包括显示屏,该显示屏配置成发射光到与光源相对着的显示屏一侧的观察者,以及
其中对于显示屏上的一些点,第一和第二空间光调制器中每个调制器的对应可控制像素都设置成提供最大的照明,而对于显示屏上另一些点,第一和第二空间光调制器中每个调制器的对应可控制像素都设置成提供最小的照明,该一些点的亮度和该另一些点的亮度之比超过1000∶1。
2.按照权利要求1的显示器,包括准直仪,被定位以便在光被第二空间光调制器调制之前,准直被第一空间光调制器调制的光。
3.按照权利要求1的显示器,包括漫射器,被定位以便散射被第一和第二空间光调制器调制的光。
4.按照权利要求1的显示器,其中第一和第二空间光调制器之一包括彩色空间光调制器。
5.按照权利要求1的显示器,包括数字投射器,所述数字投射器包括光源、空间光调制器和成像光学系统,其中所述显示器的光源和第一空间光调制器是由所述数字投射器的光源和空间光调制器提供的,并且所述数字投射器的成像光学系统成像第一空间光调制器到第二空间光调制器上。
6.按照权利要求1的显示器,其中对于第一空间光调制器的每个像素,第二空间光调制器有八个至一百四十四个之间的对应像素。
7.按照权利要求1的显示器,其中对于第二空间光调制器的每个像素,第一空间光调制器有八个至一百四十四个之间的对应像素。
8.按照权利要求1的显示器,包括在第一空间光调制器与第二空间光调制器之间的一级或多级附加的光调制器。
9.按照权利要求8的显示器,其中该一级或多级附加光调制器中的每一级调制器包括准直仪和空间光调制器,被前级空间光调制器调制的光成像到该空间光调制器上。
10.按照权利要求9的显示器,其中该一级或多级附加光调制器中的每一级调制器包括一个漫射器。
11.按照权利要求1的显示器,包括光学系统,该光学系统配置成把被第一空间光调制器调制的光成像到第二空间光调制器。
12.一种显示装置,包括:
第一空间调制装置,用于提供以第一空间分辨率空间调制的光;
第二空间调制装置,用于以不同于第一空间分辨率的第二空间分辨率再对该光进行空间调制;和
控制第一和第二空间光调制器的装置,用于显示由图像数据所确定的图像,
其中该显示装置包括显示屏,该显示屏配置成发射光到与第一空间调制装置相对着的显示屏一侧的观察者,以及
其中对于显示屏上的一些点,第一和第二空间调制装置中每个调制装置的对应可控制像素都设置成提供最大的照明,而对于显示屏上的另一些点,第一和第二空间调制装置中每个调制装置的对应可控制像素都设置成提供最小的照明,该一些点的亮度和该另一些点的亮度之比超过1000∶1。
13.按照权利要求12的显示装置,包括准直装置,被定位以便在光被第二空间调制装置调制之前,准直被第一空间调制装置调制的该光。
14.按照权利要求12的显示装置,包括漫射装置,被定位以便散射被第一和第二空间调制装置调制的光。
15.按照权利要求12的显示装置,其中第一和第二空间调制装置之一包括彩色空间光调制装置。
16.按照权利要求12的显示装置,包括光学装置,用于成像被第一空间调制装置调制的光到第二空间调制装置上。
17.按照权利要求12的显示装置,其中第一空间分辨率是第二空间分辨率的八倍与一百四十四倍之间。
18.按照权利要求12的显示装置,其中第二空间分辨率是第一空间分辨率的八倍与一百四十四倍之间。
19.按照权利要求12的显示装置,包括在第一空间调制装置与第二空间调制装置之间的一个或多个附加的空间调制装置。
20.按照权利要求19的显示装置,其中该一个或多个附加空间调制装置中的每个调制装置包括准直装置和空间调制装置,被前一个空间调制装置调制的光成像到该空间调制装置上。
21.按照权利要求20的显示装置,其中该一个或多个附加空间调制装置中的每个调制装置包括漫射装置。
22.按照权利要求12的显示装置,其中用于控制的装置包括:控制器,该控制器配置成:
接收第一空间调制装置的图像数据和驱动像素,用于近似由图像数据确定的图像;和
设置第二空间调制装置的像素,使显示的图像近似于由图像数据确定的图像。
23.按照权利要求12的显示装置,其中用于控制的装置包括基于图像数据驱动第一空间调制装置的装置、和基于图像数据和代表来自第一空间调制装置的空间调制光强度的数据驱动第二空间调制装置的装置。
24.按照权利要求12的显示装置,其中用于控制的装置包括处理装置,该处理装置配置为:
确定来自所述第一空间调制装置的光入射到所述第二空间调制装置的每个像素上的量;
确定在所述第二空间调制装置的每个像素处,所确定的在该像素入射到所述第二空间调制装置的光量和图像的相应像素的值之间的差异;以及
基于所确定的差异而驱动所述第二空间调制装置的每个像素。
25.按照权利要求12的显示装置,其中用于控制的装置包括处理装置,该处理装置配置为减少由所述第一空间调制装置和第二空间调制装置的结构所引起的显示图像中的假象。
26.按照权利要求12的显示装置,其中用于控制的装置包括处理装置,该处理装置配置为减少由所述第一空间调制装置和第二空间调制装置的结构所引起的显示图像中的假象,其中该结构包括第一空间调制装置的诸像素和第二空间调制装置的诸像素间的一对多关系。
27.按照权利要求12的显示装置,其中所述第一空间调制装置配置为将图像的低分辨率版本投射到所述第二空间调制装置上,其中所述投射包括光的分布,所述光的分布包括具有半最大值处全宽范围为0.3d2至3d2的扩展函数,其中d2是所述第一空间调制装置的像素的中心到中心间距。
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