WO2009156129A1 - Projektor und verfahren zum projizieren eines bildes - Google Patents
Projektor und verfahren zum projizieren eines bildes Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009156129A1 WO2009156129A1 PCT/EP2009/004530 EP2009004530W WO2009156129A1 WO 2009156129 A1 WO2009156129 A1 WO 2009156129A1 EP 2009004530 W EP2009004530 W EP 2009004530W WO 2009156129 A1 WO2009156129 A1 WO 2009156129A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/20—Lamp housings
- G03B21/2053—Intensity control of illuminating light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/005—Projectors using an electronic spatial light modulator but not peculiar thereto
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/20—Lamp housings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/26—Projecting separately subsidiary matter simultaneously with main image
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3102—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators
- H04N9/312—Driving therefor
- H04N9/3126—Driving therefor for spatial light modulators in series
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a projector and a method for projecting an image.
- the invention relates to a projector for projecting an image with a first and second spatial modulator having a plurality (eg each with nxm) Modulatorpixel, which are imaged by means of an imaging optics (in particular pixel-precise), wherein the first modulator is acted upon with light and the image is generated by the second modulator.
- a projector is known for example from US Pat. No. 7,050,122 B2.
- the black light level in the generated image can be reduced.
- the difficulty arises that an absolutely exact pixel-perfect mapping in practice is virtually unrealizable.
- the modulator pixels of the second modulator which are to represent a predetermined brightness in the image and are adjacent to modulator pixels that are to represent black, and therefore, e.g. are not illuminated, are illuminated with lower intensity than modulator pixels, which are only surrounded by modulator pixels, which should also represent bright pixels. This leads to undesirable brightness fluctuations in such areas.
- This effect may be wavelength dependent due to chromatic aberrations of the imaging optics, so that when color sub-images are generated sequentially so fast that for a user, the color sub-images are not individually detectable, but only in temporal superimposition, the color components of the individual Color images vary in an undesirable manner, resulting in color errors in the image to be projected.
- the same difficulty arises when the color sub-images with multiple modulators are generated simultaneously and mapped onto the second modulator.
- a projector for projecting an image is provided, with which these difficulties can be solved. Furthermore, a corresponding method for projecting an image is to be provided.
- the object is achieved by a projector for projecting an image according to claim 1.
- exactly one image pixel is assigned to each illumination pixel due to the imaging optics and the illumination control data are generated in such a way that, for each illumination pixel associated with an image pixel, the illumination value is above a predetermined threshold value in the image data Image is to have the on value and for all other illumination pixels the off value with the exception that the illumination control data for at least one of the other illumination pixels, its associated image pixel of an image pixel, which is in accordance with the image data above the predetermined threshold brightness value should be spaced no more than a predetermined number of pixels, have the on value, bright edge image pixels with which bright edge pixels in addition to dark pixels in the image to be projected are to be generated in the same way like bright picture pixels surrounded by bright picture pixels.
- a very uniform illumination of the edge pixels is achieved, whereby the difficulties described above can be overcome.
- each illumination pixel is assigned to a plurality of image pixels. Since the illumination control data for each illumination pixel associated with at least one image pixel, which according to the image data is to represent a brightness value above the predetermined threshold value in the image, has the on-value and for all other illumination pixels the off-value, with the exception that the Illumination control data for at least one of the other illumination pixels whose associated image pixels have at least one of an image pixel that is to represent a brightness value above the predetermined threshold according to the image data by not more than a predetermined number of pixels, have the on value Edge image pixels with which bright edge pixels are to be generated next to dark pixels in the image to be projected, illuminated in the same way as bright image pixels, which are surrounded exclusively by bright image pixels.
- control unit may generate the illumination control data such that it is not more than a predetermined one for each of the other illumination pixels, their associated image pixels or their associated image pixels from an image pixel which according to the image data is to represent a brightness value above the predetermined threshold value Number of pixels is spaced, the on value. This can ensure that all edge pixels are illuminated in the same way.
- the predetermined number of pixels may be 0, so that the illumination control data for each other illumination pixel whose associated image pixel or its associated image pixels at least one is directly adjacent to an image pixel, which is to represent according to the image data above the predetermined threshold brightness value, the on - have value.
- the predetermined number of pixels is 0, only the black image pixels adjacent to an image pixel that should represent a brightness value higher than the predetermined threshold according to the image data are illuminated.
- the number of pixels may have a corresponding higher value than zero.
- the predetermined number of pixels may be 1, 2, 3 or some other value.
- a value greater than or equal to 1 can be chosen if e.g. the imaging optics generates unwanted pixel shifts. This can also take into account the so-called spatial dithering, in which the control unit also switches image pixels brightly for image enhancement, which according to the image data should not actually represent brightness above the predetermined threshold value.
- the illumination pixels may each be switched to a first state in which the light coming from the illumination pixel is mapped onto the associated image pixel, and in a second state in which no light from the illumination pixel is mapped to the associated image pixel, and Image pixels may each be switched to a first state in which the light coming from the image pixel is used for image formation, and to a second state in which no light from the image pixel is used for image formation.
- This digital control of the two modulators is possible.
- LCD, LCoS modulators or tilting mirror matrices can be used as modulators.
- the modulators can be reflective or transmissive.
- the projector according to the invention may contain modulators of the same type or different types.
- the on-value for the illumination pixels may be selected by the control unit so that each illumination pixel associated with an image pixel, which according to the image data is to represent a brightness value above the predetermined threshold in the image, always at the times in the image first state is switched when the associated image pixel is switched to the first state. This ensures that the desired brightness value of the image pixel can be achieved while at the same time achieving a reduction in the black level.
- the control unit may select the on-value for the illumination pixels in the illumination control data such that each illumination pixel associated with an image pixel is to display a brightness value above the predetermined threshold and below a predetermined maximum value according to the image data when the associated image pixel is switched to the second state, at least temporarily switched to the second state.
- lighting is enabled, whereby disturbing background brightness can be reduced.
- the on value for the other illumination pixels may be selected so that the other illumination pixels are always at the times in the first state when at least one of the image pixels spaced from the associated image pixel by not more than the predetermined pixel number is switched to the first state.
- the on-value for the other illumination pixels can in particular be selected so that any other illumination pixel, whose associated image pixel of at least one other image pixel, which is to represent a brightness value which is above the predetermined threshold value and below a maximum value, by no more than the predetermined number of pixels is spaced, during the times when the at least one other image pixel is switched to the second state, at least temporarily switched to the second state.
- the lighting adapted to the switching times is also performed for the other image pixels to which the on value is assigned. This leads to a further reduction of the unwanted background brightness.
- control unit may also select the on-value for the illumination pixels in the illumination control data such that each illumination pixel associated with an image pixel which according to the image data is to represent a brightness value above the predetermined threshold in the image is always accurate the times are switched to the first state when the associated image pixel is switched to the first state.
- the on value for the other illumination pixels may also be selected such that the other illumination pixels are always switched to the first state at exactly the times when at least one of the image pixels spaced from the associated image pixel by no more than the predetermined pixel number is switched to the first state.
- the illumination and image control data can each be pulse width modulated control data.
- the control data for each illumination and image pixel can each contain a binary data value of the same bit depth, wherein the on value for each illumination pixel associated with an image pixel which according to the image data is to represent a brightness value above the predetermined threshold value in the image is selected is that at least the same bits are set as in binary data value of the associated image pixel.
- the on-value for the illumination pixels may be selected to set all bits set in the binary data value of the associated pixel and in the binary data values of all of the image pixels spaced from the associated image pixel by no more than the predetermined pixel number.
- the control unit generates the lighting control data such that, for each lighting pixel associated with at least one image pixel, it has a brightness value above a predetermined threshold according to the image data should represent in the image, the on-value and for all other illumination pixels have the off-value, so that with this illumination control data also a uniform illumination of edge pixels is achieved, since each (edge) image pixel by the several associated
- Illumination pixel is illuminated.
- the illumination modulator and / or the image modulator can in particular have n ⁇ m pixels.
- the predetermined threshold is preferably chosen so that the lowest still presentable brightness in the image is already above the threshold. This advantageously achieves that only for image pixels which are to represent a black pixel, the illumination pixels can have the off value.
- the inventive projector can be designed in particular as a projector for applications in a planetarium so that the image to be projected is projected onto a curved projection surface
- the curved projection surface can be part of a planetarium dome
- the projection is usually in the dark, so that the reached black level reduction brings a significant image improvement
- the projector can also be designed as a projector for the front projection or as a projector for the back projection.
- the projection surface can be part of the projector
- the imaging optics can be embodied as a 1-imaging optics, as magnifying or as scaling imaging optics.
- the design as enlarging or reducing imaging optics is chosen, for example, if the two modulators have different sizes. It is essential in particular that the desired assignment of the illumination and illumination moduli Image pixel is realized
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the control unit 7 of the projector 1 of FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the generation of the pattern and image data M, B 1
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the pulse-width-modulated pattern control data 5 shows a representation for explaining the pulse-width-modulated image control data BS for the value 20, FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the control data MS for the value 20
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the control data BS for the value 20
- Fig. 13 is a diagram for explaining the generation of the pattern and image data;
- Fig. 14 is an illustration for explaining the control data MS for the value 52;
- Fig. 15 is a diagram for explaining the control data BS for the value 20;
- Fig. 16 is a diagram for explaining the generation of the pattern and image data M, B;
- Fig. 17 is an illustration for explaining the control data MS for the value 23;
- Figs. 18a-18e are illustrations for explaining the control data BS for the values 18-22;
- Fig. 19 is an illustration for explaining the generation of the pattern and image data M, B;
- Fig. 20 is a diagram for explaining the control data MS for the value 63;
- Fig. 21 is an illustration for explaining the control data BS for the value 19
- Fig. 22 is an illustration for explaining generation of the pattern and image data M, B;
- Figs. 23a and 23b are views for explaining the control data MS for the values 63 and 127;
- Figs. 24a and 24b are views for explaining the control data BS for the values 20 and 52;
- Fig. 25 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 26 is a schematic view of the projector according to the invention according to another embodiment
- Fig. 27 is a schematic view of the first modulator 3;
- Fig. 28 is a schematic view of the second modulator 5;
- Fig. 29 is a schematic view of the pixel assignment of the two modulators 3, 5;
- Fig. 30 is a schematic view of the control unit 7 of the projector 1 of Fig. 26;
- Fig. 31 is a diagram for explaining the generation of the pattern and image data M, B;
- FIG. 32 is a diagram for explaining the pulse width modulated pattern control data MS for the value 255;
- FIG. 33 shows a representation for explaining the pulse-width-modulated image control data BS for a value 20;
- FIGS. 34-37 are schematic representations of the image modulator 5;
- Fig. 38 is a schematic diagram for explaining the generation of the pattern and image data M, B;
- Fig. 39 is a diagram for explaining the pattern control data MS for the value 20;
- Fig. 40 is a diagram for explaining the image control data BS for the value 20;
- Fig. 41 is a diagram for explaining the generation of the pattern and image data M, B;
- Fig. 42 is an illustration for explaining the pattern control data MS for the value 52;
- Fig. 43 is a diagram for explaining the image control data BS for the value 20;
- Fig. 44 is an illustration for explaining generation of the pattern and image data M 1 B;
- Fig. 45 is an illustration for explaining the pattern control data MS for the value 23;
- FIGS. 46a-46e are illustrations for explaining the image control data BS for the values 18-22;
- Fig. 47 is a diagram for explaining generation of the pattern and image data M 1 B;
- Fig. 48 is an illustration for explaining the pattern control data MS for the value 63;
- Fig. 49 is a diagram for explaining the image control data BS for the value 19;
- Fig. 50 is an illustration for explaining the generation of the pattern and image data M, B;
- FIGS. 51a and 51b are illustrations for explaining the pattern control data MS for the values 63 and 127;
- FIGS. 52a and 52b are illustrations for explaining the image control data BS for the values 20 and
- FIG. 53 shows an illustration for explaining the assignment of the pixels of the two modulators 3, 5 according to a variant
- Fig. 55 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the projector according to the invention.
- the two modulators 3, 5 are each formed as Kippaptrix having n x m tilting mirrors in columns and rows, the tilting mirror can be brought independently of each other in a first and in a second tilted position.
- the imaging optics 4 is formed as a 1: 1 imaging optics with a lens 8 and a mirror 9 and forms each tilting mirror of the illumination modulator 3 exactly on a tilting mirror of the image modulator 5, so that to each tilting mirror (hereinafter also called illumination pixels) of the illumination modulator 3 exactly a tilting mirror (hereinafter also called image pixel) of the image modulator 5 is assigned.
- the two modulators 3 and 5 are controlled by the control unit 7 based on supplied image data BD so that the illumination modulator 3, which is acted upon by the light (eg white light) of the light source 2, a flat modulated light source for the image modulator 5, with the image to be projected is generated or modulated, which is then projected onto a projection surface 10 by means of the projection optics 6.
- the illumination modulator 3 which is acted upon by the light (eg white light) of the light source 2
- a flat modulated light source for the image modulator 5 with the image to be projected is generated or modulated, which is then projected onto a projection surface 10 by means of the projection optics 6.
- the projector 1 is designed so that only the light which is reflected by the tilting mirrors of the illumination modulator 3 located in the first tilting position is imaged onto the associated tilting mirrors of the image modulator 5.
- the light coming from the tilting mirrors of the illumination modulator 3 which are in the second tilted position is emitted by a light (not shown). Beam trap recorded and is thus not mapped to the image modulator 5.
- the light reflected from the image pixels located in the second tilt position is not projected onto the projection surface 10, but is recorded, for example, in a beam trap (not shown).
- the tilting positions of the image pixels thus modulate or generate the image to be projected, which is projected by means of the projection optics 6.
- the control unit 7 In order to reduce the black light level (ie the unwanted residual brightness still exhibited by a black pixel) in the projected image, the control unit 7 generates illumination control data MS for the illumination modulator 3 from the supplied image data BD and image control data BS for the image modulator 5 in connection with FIG Fig. 2 - 5 described manner. In this description, it is assumed that in both modulators 3, 5 in each case a pulse width modulation with respect to the first and second tilt position of the tilting mirror for intensity modulation of the light falling on them is performed.
- the image data BD are already present in digital form with the appropriate pixel resolution (each image thus has n ⁇ m pixels) and are simultaneously in the control unit 7 to a
- Pattern generator 11 and applied to a delay element 12.
- the pattern generator 11 generates based on the supplied image data BD pattern data M to a first
- Control electronics 13 are created. Based on the pattern data M, the first drive electronics 13 generates the pulse-width-modulated illumination control data MS and applies them to the illumination modulator 3.
- the delay element 12 delays the supplied image data BD so that they are applied simultaneously with the application of the pattern data M to the first drive electronics 13 as image data B to a second drive electronics 14 for the image modulator 4.
- the second control electronics 14 generates the pulse width modulated image control data BS and applies them to the image modulator 5.
- the illumination and image pixels are brought into the first and second tilted positions during the single image duration T for generating the image in such a way that the desired image is generated and projected.
- the frame duration T is the duration during which a single image is displayed. For movies, for example, it is 1/24 seconds when displaying 24 frames per second. This applies to the case of the representation of monochrome images described here. Multicolor images are common for each Picture a red, a green and a blue field generated one after the other. Then the frame time is eg 1/3 • 1/24 seconds.
- the light source 2 generates red, green and blue light, for example, one behind the other, with which the illumination modulator 3 is illuminated. For the following description, it is first assumed that monochrome images are generated and projected.
- the first and second drive electronics 13 and 14 may be e.g. be supplied by the manufacturer of the modulators 3 and 5 control electronics.
- the exemplary embodiment described here are modulators 3, 5 and control electronics 13, 14 from Texas Instruments.
- Both the application of the data M, B to the two control electronics 13, 14 and the control electronics 13 and 14 themselves are preferably synchronized, as indicated by the arrows F1 and F2.
- each pixel can be represented with a bit depth of 8 (and thus with a brightness value of 0-255), where 0 is the lowest brightness (ie black) and 255 is the highest brightness.
- the control unit 7 generates the pattern data M for the first control electronics 13 and the image data B for the second control electronics 14 from the supplied image data BD as follows.
- the pattern data M has n ⁇ m pattern points M (n, m), each of which is assigned to one illumination pixel.
- the image data has n ⁇ m pixels B (n, m), each of which is associated with an image pixel.
- the image data B for the second control electronics 14 are not changed by the control unit 7 in comparison to the originally supplied image data BD, but only temporally delayed synchronously with the pattern data M output. As shown in Fig. 3, only the value of the pixel B (5,3) of the image data B is 20, the values of the remaining pixels are 0.
- all pattern points M (n, m) are first set to 0. Then, the pattern pixels M (n, m) for the illumination pixels associated with an image pixel to represent a nonzero intensity value are set to 255. This can also be described as assigning the on-value to pattern points for the illumination pixels, to each of which an image pixel is assigned, which according to the image data BD should represent a brightness value above a predetermined threshold value (here equal to 0). Thus, only the pattern point M (5,3) is set to 255 in this step.
- Setting the neighbor pattern points to 255 corresponds to assigning the on value to pattern points for the illumination pixels whose associated image pixels are to represent the brightness value 0 from an image pixel that is to represent a brightness value greater than 0 but not more than a predetermined pixel number (here equal to zero, which corresponds to the direct neighbor pixels) is spaced.
- All nine sample points set to 255 are hereinafter also referred to as the sample points associated with a pixel B (5,3).
- the pulse width modulation data BS of the second control electronics 14 for the pixel B (5,3) with the intensity 20 are shown schematically.
- a BS or MS value of 1 corresponds to a tilting mirror which is in the first tilted position and a BS or MS value of 0 to a tilting mirror which is in the second tilted position.
- Fig. 6 shows the arrangement of nxm tilting mirrors K (n, m) of the image modulator 5 and the present illumination (hatched ellipse) of the tilting mirror K (5,3), if only this would be illuminated (ie if only the pattern point in the pattern data M (5,3) would have the value 255 and all other sample points would have the value 0).
- the tilting mirror K (5, 3) is not completely illuminated.
- the tilting mirror K (5, 3) which is the only tilting mirror of the image modulator 5, which is in the first position, illuminated extremely flat evenly.
- the desired intensity value can be displayed with high accuracy.
- the difficulty may arise that the actual illumination depends on the wavelength (ie the color sub-image).
- the illumination (hatched ellipse (s)) of the tilting mirror K (5, 3) for a different wavelength is schematically compared to FIGS. 6 and 7.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 shows, differently sized portions of the tilting mirror surface of the tilting mirror K (5, 3) are illuminated as a function of the wavelength. This leads to color bar factors in the image display, because then the color components are not present as desired in the projected image.
- FIGS. 7 and 9 Representation of Fig. 7 and 9 corresponds.
- a comparison of the illustrations in FIGS. 7 and 9 shows that in each case approximately the same illumination intensity of the tilting mirror K (5, 3) is independent of the illumination wavelength is present. This avoids the unwanted color artifacts.
- the image control data BS has bit-switching times P3 and P5.
- the picture switching time P3 corresponds to the third-lowest bit and the bit switching time P5 to the fifth-lowest bit for the present eight-bit coding, since 20 is to be written as a binary number as 00010100.
- bit switching times P1-P8 for all eight possible bits are always the same within the frame duration and are shown schematically in FIG. 4 with dashed lines. As with the
- Pulse width modulation is common, the bit switching time P2 is twice as long as the bit switching time P1, is
- T frame duration T corresponds.
- the shortest bit switching time is P1, where T is the
- the individual bit switching times P1-P8 can, as shown in FIG. 4, each be a contiguous period of time within the frame duration T. However, it is also possible that one or the other bit switching time (e.g., P8) is divided into smaller time slices distributed over the frame time T. It is only important here that the bit switching times always have the same time distribution with respect to the frame duration. Therefore, it is possible in the pattern data, the pattern points M (4,2), M (4,3) associated with the pixel (5,3). M (4,4), M (5,2), M (5,3), M (5,4), M (6,2). M (6,3) and M (6,4) are not set to the intensity value 255, but to 20, as shown in FIG.
- the pulse width modulation data MS for the intensity value 20 of the pattern data M is shown in FIG.
- Disturbing background brightness from the image pixels immediately adjacent to the image pixel of the pixel B (5,3) and from the pattern data of the pattern points M (4,2), M (4,3), M (4,4), M ( 5.2), M (5.4), M (6.2), M (6.3) and M (6.4) are strongly suppressed, since these image pixels are illuminated only during the bit switching time P3 and P5.
- Fig. 13 there is shown an example in which two pixels in the image data BD have an intensity value other than 0, namely, the intensity value 20 (pixel BD (5,3)) and 52 (pixel BD (4,3)).
- the pattern data M will have pattern points M (n, m) associated with two pixels B (n, m) (for example, the pattern point M (5,3) will be the pixel B (5,3) through Assigned imaging optics 4 and due to the proximity to the pixel B (4,3) linked to this as a neighboring pattern point).
- the pattern data M is generated so that the higher of the two intensity values resulting from the combination of two pixels having brightness values other than 0 is always generated as the pattern point value, as shown schematically in FIG. In Figs. 14 and 15, the pulse width modulation data MS, BS for the intensity values 52 and 20 are shown.
- FIG. 16 shows an example in which, in the generation of the pattern data M, the so-called temporal dithering of the second drive electronics 14 is taken into account.
- the drive electronics 14 randomly generates pulse width modulation data representing a somewhat modified intensity value.
- the second drive electronics 14 may be configured to generate an intensity value in the range of ⁇ 2 to the desired intensity value.
- an intensity value of 18-22 can thus be generated.
- the pulse width modulation data BS for the values 18 to 22 are shown in FIGS. 18a to 18e. The figures show that the bit switching times P1, P2, P3 and P5 occur at these pulse width modulation values.
- This type of generation of the pattern data M provides the shortest possible illumination duration, in which for each possible due to the temporal dithering pulse width image control value BS it is ensured that the image pixel is illuminated when it is turned on. This minimizes the unwanted background brightness of the surrounding image pixels, which are turned off during the entire frame period T.
- the control unit 7 determines the pattern point value by accessing the value of the pixel to a table in which a pattern data value is stored for each possible pixel value, which takes into account the temporal dithering in the described manner. This pattern data value is then used in the pattern data.
- the temporal dithering may also be considered in the generation of the pattern data M as follows.
- the control unit 7 determines the most significant bit of the pixel B (5,3), which is set to 1 in the binary representation of the intensity value 20, and then sets all the lower bits and the next higher bit to 1.
- FIG. 20 results in the binary number 00111111, which decimal equals the value 63. Therefore, the pattern data in the pattern points M (4,2), M (4,3), M (4,4), M (5,2), M (5,3), M (5,4), M (6,2), M (6,3), M (6,4) each have the value 63 and all remaining sample points are set to 0.
- the pulse width modulated control data MS for 63 and in Fig. 21 for 19 are shown as an example.
- bit switching times P6 and P4 is set to 1, so that something is illuminated longer than absolutely necessary.
- the bit switching times P6 and P4 is set to 1, so that something is illuminated longer than absolutely necessary.
- the pattern data of Fig. 3 in which the value 255 was selected, but still significantly shorter.
- the determination of the pattern data can be simplified as follows.
- the controller determines the most significant bit and then uses the value stored in a table for those bits.
- the table may e.g. as follows:
- Fig. 22 the example of Fig. 13 is shown with two non-zero values in the image data BD. If temporal dithering is also taken into account in this example, at pattern points M (n, m) of the pattern data M which are associated with both pixels having intensity values other than 0 in the image data B, ORs of the intensity values of the image data are first performed.
- the corresponding pulse width modulation data of the pattern data 63 and 127 are shown in Figs. 23a and 23b.
- the described possibilities of generating the pattern and image data can also be used in the generation and projection of multicolor images. If the multicolor images are generated time sequentially by, for example, generating a red, a green and a blue color sub-image in succession, one of the possibilities described above can be used for the generation of each color sub-image. However, it is also possible to generate and use the same pattern data for all color sub-images of an image. In particular, the same pattern data is used even when the color sub-images are simultaneously generated by means of a plurality of image modulators.
- the pattern data has been generated in such a way that in addition to the image pixels which are to represent a brightness value greater than 0, only the image pixels which are to represent a brightness value of O are additionally illuminated, which are arranged directly adjacent thereto.
- FIG. 25 shows an embodiment of the projector 1 according to the invention, in which the modulators 3, 5 are designed as transmissive modulators (for example LCD modules).
- the actuation of the modulators takes place in the same way as described in connection with the projector of FIG.
- the projector 1 for projecting an image comprises a light source 2, an illumination modulator 3, an imaging optics 4, an image modulator 5, a projection optics 6 and a control unit 7.
- the two modulators 3, 5 are each formed as Kippspiegelmatrix having a plurality of tilting mirrors in columns and rows, wherein the tilting mirror can be brought independently of each other in a first and in a second tilted position.
- the first modulator 3 has 8 ⁇ 7 tilting mirrors K1 (hereinafter also referred to as illumination pixels) and the second modulator 5 has 7 ⁇ 6 tilting mirrors K2 (hereinafter also referred to as image pixels), as shown schematically in FIGS. 27 and 28 ,
- the tilting mirrors K1 and K2 have the same dimensions here. This small number of tilting mirrors K1 and K2 is assumed to simplify the description.
- the modulators 3, 5 may contain much more tilting mirrors K1, K2. In particular, they may each contain the same number of tilting mirrors.
- the imaging optics 4 is formed as a 1: 1 imaging optics with a lens 8 and a mirror 9 and forms each tilting mirror of the illumination modulator 3 exactly half the dimension of a tilting mirror K2 of the second modulator 5 in the column and in the Row direction offset to the second modulator 5, so that each tilting mirror K2 of the second modulator 5 exactly four tilting mirror K1 of the second modulator 3 are assigned. If the two modulators 3, 5 have the same number of tilting mirrors K1, K2, this assignment can be achieved, for example, by not using all the tilting mirrors K2 of the second modulator 5.
- each tilting mirror K1 of the first modulator 3 associated with a tilting mirror K2 of the second modulator 5 covers exactly one quarter of the pixel area of the tilting mirror K2.
- the two modulators 3 and 5 are controlled by the control unit 7 based on supplied image data BD so that the illumination modulator 3, which is acted upon by the light (eg white light) of the light source 2, a flat modulated light source for the image modulator 5, with the image to be projected is generated or modulated, which is then projected onto a projection surface 10 by means of the projection optics 6.
- the illumination modulator 3 which is acted upon by the light (eg white light) of the light source 2
- a flat modulated light source for the image modulator 5 with the image to be projected is generated or modulated, which is then projected onto a projection surface 10 by means of the projection optics 6.
- the projector 1 is designed so that only the light which is reflected by the tilting mirrors of the illumination modulator 3 located in the first tilting position is imaged onto the associated tilting mirrors of the image modulator 5.
- the light coming from the tilting mirrors of the illumination modulator 3 which are in the second tilted position is picked up by a beam trap (not shown) and thus is not imaged onto the image modulator 5.
- the light reflected from the image pixels in the second tilt position is not projected onto the projection surface 10, but is e.g. recorded in a (not shown) beam trap.
- the tilting positions of the image pixels thus modulate or generate the image to be projected, which is projected by means of the projection optics 6.
- the control unit 7 In order to reduce the black light level (ie the unwanted residual brightness still exhibited by a black pixel) in the projected image, the control unit 7 generates illumination control data MS for the illumination modulator 3 from the supplied image data BD and image control data BS for the image modulator 5 in connection with FIG Figs. 30-35 described manner.
- the image data BD are already present in digital form with the appropriate pixel resolution for the image modulator 5 with 7 ⁇ 6 tilt mirrors K2 (each image thus has 7 ⁇ 6 pixels) and are displayed in the control unit 7, as shown schematically in FIG.
- the pattern generator 11 generates based on the supplied image data BD pattern data M 1 which are applied to a first drive electronics 13. Based on the pattern data M, the first drive electronics 13 generates the pulse-width-modulated illumination control data MS and applies them to the illumination modulator 3.
- the delay element 12 delays the supplied image data BD so that they are applied simultaneously with the application of the pattern data M to the first drive electronics 13 as image data B to a second drive electronics 14 for the image modulator 4.
- the second control electronics 14 generates the pulse width modulated image control data BS and applies them to the image modulator 5.
- the illumination and image pixels K1, K2 are brought into the first and second tilted positions during the single image duration T for generating the image in such a way that the desired image is generated and projected.
- the frame duration T is the duration during which a single image is displayed. For movies, for example, it is 1/24 seconds when displaying 24 frames per second. This applies to the case of the representation of monochrome images described here. In multi-color images, a red, a green and a blue field are often generated one after another for each image. Then the frame time is eg 1/3 • 1/24 seconds. To generate these partial images, the light source 2 generates red, green and blue light, for example, one behind the other, with which the illumination modulator 3 is illuminated. For the following description, it is first assumed that monochrome images are generated and projected.
- the first and second drive electronics 13 and 14 may be e.g. be supplied by the manufacturer of the modulators 3 and 5 control electronics.
- the exemplary embodiment described here are modulators 3, 5 and control electronics 13, 14 from Texas Instruments.
- Both the application of the data M, B to the two control electronics 13, 14 and the control electronics 13 and 14 themselves are preferably synchronized, as indicated by the arrows F1 and F2.
- the following is an example of the generation of the control data MS, BS from the supplied image data BD, assuming that each pixel can be represented with a bit depth of 8 (and thus with a brightness value of 0-255), where 0 is the lowest brightness (ie black) and 255 should be the highest brightness.
- the control unit 7 generates the pattern data M for the first control electronics 13 and the image data B for the second control electronics 14 from the supplied image data BD as follows.
- the pattern data M has 8 ⁇ 7 pattern points M (n, m), each of which is assigned to one illumination pixel K1.
- the image data has 7 ⁇ 6 pixels B (n, m), each of which is assigned to an image pixel K2.
- the image data B for the second drive electronics 14 are not changed by the control unit 7 in comparison to the originally supplied image data BD, but output only in a time-delayed manner synchronously with the pattern data M. As shown in Fig. 31, only the value of the pixel B is (5.3) of the image data B 20, the values of the remaining pixels are 0.
- the pattern data M all pattern points M (n, m) are first set to 0. Then, the pattern pixels M (n, m) for the illumination pixels associated with an image pixel to represent a nonzero intensity value are set to 255. Thus, in this step, the pattern points M (5,3), M (5,4), M (6,3), M (6,4) are set to 255. With these steps, the pattern data of FIG. 6 is generated.
- the pulse width modulation data BS of the second drive electronics 14 for the pixel B (5,3) with the intensity 20 are shown schematically.
- a BS or MS value of 1 corresponds to a tilting mirror K1, K2 which is in the first tilted position and a BS or MS value of 0 to a tilting mirror K1, K2 which is in the second tilted position.
- the tilting mirror of the image modulator 5 becomes pixel B (5, 3) during the entire frame duration and thus also during the bit switching times P3 and P5, for which the tilting mirror for the pixel B (FIG. 3) is brought into its first position, lighting. Since the pattern points M (5,3), M (5,4), M (6,3), M (6,4) are set to 255, unavoidable aberrations of the optical system 4 are compensated for. This effect will be described in conjunction with the schematic diagrams in FIGS. 34 and 35.
- the pixel offset in the column and row direction is present, as described in connection with FIG. 29, and the four illumination pixels K1 associated with the image pixel K2 (5,3) are switched on, so that, as in FIG is shown, the tilting mirror K2 (5,3) is illuminated over all four associated tilting mirror K1 of the first modulator 3.
- the tilting mirror K2 (5,3) which is the only tilting mirror K2 of the image modulator 5, which is in the first position, illuminated surface extremely evenly.
- the desired intensity value can be displayed with high accuracy.
- the difficulty may arise that the actual illumination depends on the wavelength (ie the color sub-image).
- the illumination (hatched ellipse (s)) of the tilting mirror K2 (FIG. 5, FIG. 3) for a different wavelength compared to FIGS. 34 and 35.
- FIGS. 34 and 36 shows, differently sized portions of the tilting mirror surface of the tilting mirror K2 (5, 3) are illuminated as a function of the wavelength. This results in color artifacts in the image display, because then the color components are not as desired in the projected image.
- the image control data BS has bit-switching times P3 and P5.
- the picture switching time P3 corresponds to the third-lowest bit and the bit switching time P5 to the fifth-lowest bit for the present eight-bit coding, since 20 is to be written as a binary number as 00010100.
- bit switching times P1-P8 for all eight possible bits are always the same within the frame duration and are shown schematically in dashed lines in FIG.
- the bit switching time P2 is twice as long as the bit switching time P1
- P3 is twice as long as P2 and so on, the sum of all the bit switching times P1 to P8 being the same
- T frame duration T corresponds.
- the shortest bit switching time is P1, where T is the
- the individual bit switching times P1-P8 can, as shown in FIG. 32, each be a continuous period of time within the frame duration T. However, it is also possible that one or the other bit switching time (e.g., P8) is divided into smaller time slices distributed over the frame time T. It is only important here that the bit switching times always have the same time distribution with respect to the frame duration. Therefore, it is possible to set the pattern points M (5,3), M (5,4), M (6,3) and M (6,4) in the pattern data not to the intensity value 255, but to 20, such as in Fig. 38 is shown.
- the pulse width modulation data MS for the intensity value 20 of the pattern data M is shown in FIG. 39.
- the pulse width modulation data BS for the intensity value 20 of the image data B is shown in FIG. It can be seen from these representations that the illumination pixels associated with the image pixel K2 (5,3) are always switched on (first tilt position) only when the assigned image pixel K2 (5,3) is switched on (first tilt position). If the associated image pixel K2 (5,3) is switched off (second tilt position), the associated illumination pixels are also switched off (second tilt position). In order to can be performed optimally adapted to the bit switching times illumination of the image pixels (with maximum intensity).
- Disturbing background brightness from the image pixels immediately adjacent to the image pixel of the pixel B (5,3) and from the pattern data of the pattern points M (5,3), M (5,4), M (6,3) and M ( 6.4) is strongly suppressed, since these image pixels are illuminated only during the bit switching time P3 and P5.
- Fig. 41 there is shown an example in which two pixels in the image data BD have an intensity value other than 0, namely, the intensity value 20 (pixel BD (5,3)) and 52 (pixel BD (4,3)).
- the pattern data M will have pattern points M (n, m) associated with two pixels B (n, m) having an intensity value greater than zero (eg, the pattern point M (5,3) is the Pixels B (4,3) and B (5,3) assigned by the imaging optics 4).
- the pattern data M are then generated such that the higher of the two intensity values resulting from the assignment to two pixels with brightness values not equal to 0 is always generated as a sample point value, as shown schematically in FIG. 41.
- the pulse width modulation data MS, BS for the intensity values 52 and 20 are shown.
- FIG. 44 shows an example in which the generation of the pattern data M takes into account the so-called temporal dithering of the second drive electronics 14.
- the drive electronics 14 randomly generates pulse width modulation data representing a somewhat modified intensity value.
- Control electronics 14 be designed so that it generates an intensity value in the range of ⁇ 2 to the desired intensity value. In the example described here, an intensity value of 18-22 can thus be generated.
- Figs. 18 to 22 are shown in Figs. 46a to 46e. The figures show that in this
- Pulse width modulation values occur the bit switching times P1, P2, P3 and P5.
- This type of generation of the pattern data M provides the shortest possible illumination duration, during which it is ensured for each pulse width image control value BS possible due to the temporal dithering that the image pixel is illuminated when it is switched on. This minimizes the unwanted background brightness of the surrounding image pixels, which are turned off during the entire frame period T.
- the control unit 7 determines the pattern point value by accessing the value of the pixel to a table in which a pattern data value is stored for each possible pixel value, which takes into account the temporal dithering in the described manner. This pattern data value is then used in the pattern data.
- the temporal dithering may also be considered in the generation of the pattern data M as follows.
- the control unit 7 determines the most significant bit of the pixel B (5,3) which is set to 1 in the binary representation of the intensity value 20, and then sets all lower bits and the next higher bit to 1.
- FOG the binary number 00111111, which decimal equals the value 63. Therefore, the pattern data in the pattern points M (5,3), M (5,4), M (6,3), and M (6,4) each has the value 63, and all the remaining pattern points are set to 0.
- the pulse width modulated control data MS for 63 and in Fig. 49 for 19 are shown as an example.
- bit switching times P6 and P4 is set to 1, so that something is illuminated longer than absolutely necessary.
- the bit switching times P6 and P4 is set to 1, so that something is illuminated longer than absolutely necessary.
- the pattern data of Fig. 31, in which the value 255 was selected it is still much shorter.
- the determination of the pattern data can be simplified as follows.
- the controller determines the most significant bit and then uses the value stored in a table for those bits.
- the table may e.g. as follows:
- Fig. 50 the example of Fig. 41 is shown with two values other than 0 in the image data BD. If temporal dithering is also taken into account in this example, at pattern points M (n, m) of the pattern data M which are associated with both pixels having intensity values other than 0 in the image data B, ORs of the intensity values of the image data are first performed.
- the corresponding pulse width modulation data of the pattern data 63 and 127 are shown in Figs. 51a and 51b.
- Multicolor images are time sequentially generated by e.g. one red, one green and one blue
- Color division image can be generated one after the other, one of the described above possibilities are used. However, it is also possible to generate and use the same pattern data for all color sub-images of an image. In particular, the same pattern data is used even when the color sub-images are simultaneously generated by means of a plurality of image modulators.
- the pattern data has been generated in such a way that no further image pixels are illuminated in addition to the image pixels which are to represent a brightness value greater than 0.
- the pattern data can also be generated so that in addition to the image pixels that are to represent a brightness value greater than 0, the image pixels that are to represent a brightness value of 0, are additionally illuminated, which are arranged immediately adjacent thereto.
- control electronics 14 randomly assigns an on value to an off-image pixel adjacent to a one-image pixel.
- the imaging optics 4 can also image the two modulators 3, 5 in such a way that each tilting mirror K1 of the illumination modulator 3 is offset by exactly half the dimension of a tilting mirror K2 of the second modulator in the row direction (FIG. 53) or in the column direction (FIG. 54) becomes.
- each tilting mirror K2 of the second modulator 5 is assigned exactly two tilting mirrors K1 of the first modulator 3.
- FIG. 55 shows an embodiment of the projector 1 according to the invention, in which the modulators are designed as transmissive modulators (for example LCD modules).
- the control of the transmissive modulators is carried out in the same manner as described in connection with FIGS. 26 to 55.
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ATA9230/2009A AT518845B1 (de) | 2008-06-24 | 2009-06-23 | Projektor und verfahren zum projizieren eines bildes |
GB1021774A GB2473393B (en) | 2008-06-24 | 2009-06-23 | Projector and method for projecting an image |
US13/001,380 US8797242B2 (en) | 2008-06-24 | 2009-06-23 | Projector and method for projecting an image |
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EP3193502A1 (de) * | 2016-01-14 | 2017-07-19 | Carl Zeiss AG | Projektor zum projizieren von bildern |
DE102016100592A1 (de) * | 2016-01-14 | 2017-07-20 | Carl Zeiss Ag | Projektor zum Projizieren von Bildern |
DE102016100592B4 (de) | 2016-01-14 | 2018-12-13 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Projektor zum Projizieren von Bildern |
DE102017115092A1 (de) * | 2017-07-06 | 2019-01-10 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Projektor zum Projizieren eines mehrfarbigen Bildes |
DE102019100480A1 (de) * | 2019-01-10 | 2020-07-16 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Projektor zum Projizieren von Bildern |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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GB201021774D0 (en) | 2011-02-02 |
US8797242B2 (en) | 2014-08-05 |
GB2473393A (en) | 2011-03-09 |
GB2473393B (en) | 2011-12-07 |
US20110175953A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
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