US20070229718A1 - System for Using Larger Arc Lamps with Smaller Imagers - Google Patents
System for Using Larger Arc Lamps with Smaller Imagers Download PDFInfo
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- US20070229718A1 US20070229718A1 US11/579,849 US57984906A US2007229718A1 US 20070229718 A1 US20070229718 A1 US 20070229718A1 US 57984906 A US57984906 A US 57984906A US 2007229718 A1 US2007229718 A1 US 2007229718A1
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- imager
- light
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- projection system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/28—Reflectors in projection beam
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3102—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators
- H04N9/312—Driving therefor
- H04N9/3126—Driving therefor for spatial light modulators in series
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/0006—Arrays
- G02B3/0037—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
- G02B3/0043—Inhomogeneous or irregular arrays, e.g. varying shape, size, height
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B9/00—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or -
- G02B9/62—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or - having six components only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
- H04N5/7416—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
- H04N5/7416—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal
- H04N5/7441—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal the modulator being an array of liquid crystal cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3129—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] scanning a light beam on the display screen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3197—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using light modulating optical valves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a multiple imager projection system using a large arc lamp with a projection system having a smaller imager.
- Microdisplays using Digital Light Processing (DLP) and/or Liquid crystal display (LCD), and particularly liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS), imagers are becoming increasingly prevalent in imaging devices such as rear projection television (RPTV).
- DLP Digital Light Processing
- LCD Liquid crystal display
- LCOS liquid crystal on silicon
- Digital Light Processing (DLP) imagers use an array of micro-mirrors, each acting as a pixel, which are pivoted at a very high rate of speed to temporally modulate light intensity on a pixel-by-pixel basis.
- DLP Digital Light Processing
- LCD liquid crystal display
- LCOS liquid crystal on silicon
- PBS polarizing beam splitter
- LCOS imager or light engine comprising a matrix or array of pixels.
- pixel is used to designate a small area or dot of an image, the corresponding portion of a light transmission, and the portion of an imager producing that light transmission.
- Each pixel of the DLP or LCOS imager modulates the light incident on it according to a gray-scale factor input to the imager or light engine to form a matrix of discrete modulated light signals or pixels.
- the matrix of modulated light signals is reflected or output from the imager and directed to a system of projection lenses which project the modulated light onto a display screen, combining the pixels of light to form a viewable image.
- the gray-scale variation from pixel to pixel is limited by the number of bits used to process the image signal.
- the contrast ratio from bright state (i.e., maximum light) to dark state (minimum light) is limited by the leakage of light in the imager.
- a general, very desirable tendency is the reduction of the imager area. This is desirable because of improved yields on the imager, and smaller optical components, thus reducing the cost of the system. Reducing the imager area places increasing constraints on the arc lamp design. As the imager shrinks the arc lamp must also be scaled down in size to keep the etandue constant. The reduction in size of the arc lamp results in increasingly shorter arc lamp life, causing increased maintenance and cost to operate the microdisplay.
- the invention provides a projection system that provides improved contrast and contouring of a light signal on a pixel-by-pixel basis using a two-stage projection architecture, thus improving all video pictures.
- the projection system uses two imagers, the first being larger to accommodate a large lamp, sized to the first imager and the second being smaller.
- the first imager has a matrix of pixels for modulating light on a pixel-by-pixel basis to form a first modulated matrix of light.
- the second imager has a matrix of pixels corresponding to the pixels of the first imager for modulating the first modulated matrix of light on a pixel-by-pixel basis to form a second modulated matrix of light.
- the second imager having a size smaller than the size of the first imager.
- a relay lens set provides a magnification of less than 1.0 to relay each pixel of light in the first modulated matrix of light onto a corresponding pixel of the second imager.
- FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an LCOS projection system with a two-stage projection architecture according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary lens relay system for the projection system of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 shows calculated ensquared energy performance for the lens system of FIG. 2 .
- the present invention provides a projection system, such as for a television display, with enhanced contrast ratio and reduced contouring, while providing good lamp life. This is accomplished by using a larger imager 50 for the first stage to maintain a larger lamp 10 , and a smaller image 60 for the second stage.
- lamp 10 may be an arc lamp generating white light 1 , suitable for use in an LCOS system. For example a short-arc mercury lamp may be used.
- the white light 1 enters an integrator 20 , which directs a telecentric beam of white light 1 toward the projection system 30 .
- the white light 1 is then separated into its component red, green, and blue (RGB) bands of light 2 .
- RGB red, green, and blue
- the RGB light 2 may be separated by dichroic mirrors (not shown) and directed into separate red, green, and blue projection systems 30 for modulation.
- the modulated RGB light 2 is then recombined by a prism assembly (not shown) and projected by a projection lens assembly 40 onto a display screen (not shown).
- the white light 1 may be separated into RGB bands of light 2 in the time domain, for example, by a color wheel (not shown), and thus directed one-at-a-time into a single LCOS projection system 30 .
- FIG. 1 An exemplary LCOS projection system 30 is illustrated in FIG. 1 , using a two-stage projection architecture having a larger imager 50 and a smaller imager 60 according to the present invention.
- the monochromatic RGB bands of light 2 are sequentially modulated by the two different sized imagers 50 , 60 on a pixel-by-pixel basis.
- the RGB bands of light 2 comprise randomly polarized light. These RGB bands of light 2 enter a first surface 71 a of a first PBS 71 and are polarized by a polarizing surface 71 p within the first PBS 71 .
- the polarizing surface 71 p allows a p-polarized component 3 of the RGB bands of light 2 to pass through the first PBS 71 to a second surface 71 b , while reflecting an s-polarized component 4 at an angle, away from the projection path where it passes out of first PBS 71 through fourth surface 71 d .
- a first imager 50 is disposed beyond the second surface 71 b of the first PBS 71 opposite the first face 71 a , where the RGB bands of light enter first PBS 71 .
- the p-polarized component 3 which passes through the PBS 71 , is therefore incident on the first imager 50 .
- first imager 50 is a LCOS imager (as will be described in greater detail below) comprising a matrix of polarized liquid crystals corresponding to the pixels of the display image (not shown). These crystals transmit light according to their orientation, which in turn varies with the strength of an electric field created by a signal provided to the first imager 50 .
- the imager pixels modulate the p-polarized light 3 on a pixel-by-pixel basis proportional to a gray scale value provided to the first imager 50 for each individual pixel.
- the first imager 50 provides a first light matrix 5 , comprising a matrix of pixels or discrete dots of light.
- First light matrix 5 is an output of modulated s-polarized light reflected from the first imager 50 back through second surface 71 b of first PBS 71 , where it is reflected by a polarizing surface 71 p at an angle out of the first PBS 71 through a third surface 71 c .
- Each pixel of the first light matrix 5 has an intensity or luminance proportional to the individual gray scale value provided for that pixel in first imager 50 .
- relay lens system 80 which provides a magnification of less than one to project each pixel of first light matrix 5 onto a corresponding pixel of smaller imager 60 .
- relay lens system 80 comprises a series of aspherical lenses, some of which are formed into acromats. The lenses are configured to provide low distortion of the image being transmitted with a magnification of less than 1, so that the output of each pixel in the first imager 50 is projected onto a corresponding pixel of the second imager 60 .
- exemplary relay lens system 80 comprises a first aspheric lens 81 and a first acromatic lens 82 (comprising two aspheres) between the first PBS 71 and the focal point of the lens system or system stop 83 .
- lens system 80 comprises a second acromatic lens 84 (comprising two aspheres) and a second aspheric lens 85 .
- First aspheric lens 81 has a first surface 81 a and second surface 81 b which bend the diverging light pattern from the first PBS 71 into a light pattern converging toward the optical axis of lens system 80 .
- First acromatic lens 82 has a first surface 82 a , a second surface 82 b , and a third surface 82 c , which focus the converging light pattern from the first aspheric lens 81 onto the system stop 83 .
- the second acromatic lens 84 has a first surface 84 a , a second surface 84 b , and a third surface 84 c .
- the surfaces 84 a , 84 b , and 84 c of second acromatic lens 84 distribute the diverging light pattern onto the second aspherical lens 85 .
- the second aspherical lens 85 has a first surface 85 a and a second surface 85 b .
- Surfaces 85 a and 85 b bend the light pattern to converge to form an inverted image on the second imager 60 that has pixels with a one-to-one correspondence to the matrix of pixels from the first imager 50 .
- the surfaces of relay lens system 80 are configured to work with the imagers 50 , 60 and PBS's 71 , 72 to achieve the one-to-one correspondence of the pixels of first imager 50 and second imager 60 .
- An exemplary lens set 80 was developed by the inventors using ZEMAXTM software and design criteria developed by the inventors.
- a summary of the surfaces of an exemplary two-stage projection system 30 are provided in Table 1, and aspheric coefficients for the surfaces are provided in Table 2.
- the exemplary lens system described in Tables 1 and 2 provides one-to-one transmission from the pixels of a 0.7 inch larger imager 50 to a 0.5 inch smaller imager 60 .
- Various modifications can be made to this exemplary projection system based on such factors as: cost, size, luminance levels, and other design factors.
- Second PBS 72 has a polarizing surface 72 p that reflects the s-polarized first light matrix 5 through a second surface 72 b onto a second imager 60 .
- second imager 60 is an LCOS imager which modulates the previously modulated first light matrix 5 on a pixel-by-pixel basis proportional to a gray scale value provided to the second imager 60 for each individual pixel.
- the pixels of the second imager 60 corresponds on a one-to-one basis with the pixels of the first imager 50 and with the pixels of the display image.
- the input of a particular pixel (i,j) to the second imager 60 is the output from corresponding pixel (i,j) of the first imager 50 .
- the second imager 60 then produces an output matrix 6 of p-polarized light.
- Each pixel of light in the output matrix 6 is modulated in intensity by a gray scale value provided to the imager for that pixel of the second imager 60 .
- a specific pixel of the output matrix 6 (i,j) would have an intensity proportional to both the gray scale value for its corresponding pixel (i,j), in the first imager and its corresponding pixel (i,j) 2 in the second imager 60 .
- the lamp 10 must be sized to the first stage imager to maintain the desired etandue. Using a larger imager 50 in the first stage of the projection system 30 allows the lamp 10 to be larger, resulting in longer lamp life. Moreover a more modest imager (in terms of contrast ratio) can be used for the larger imager 50 , because a second, smaller imager 60 will also be used to modulate the projected image.
- the modest large imager 50 receives the lamp 10 illumination (from a larger arc lamp) and then relays the light using a now less than unity magnification lens to illuminate on a pixel by pixel basis a “high quality” smaller imager 60 .
- a ⁇ 0.7′′ larger imager 50 is used as an illumination imager, and a ⁇ 0.5′′ smaller imager 60 is used as an image making imager.
- the relay lens system 80 as described above provides one-to-one correspondence between the pixels of the larger imager 50 and the smaller imager 60 .
- L0 is a constant for a given pixel (being a function of the lamp 10 , and the illumination system.)
- the light output L is actually determined primarily by the gray scale values selected for this pixel on each imager 50 , 60 .
- the gray scale values selected for this pixel on each imager 50 , 60 For example, normalizing the gray scales to 1 maximum and assuming each imager has a very modest contrast ratio of 200:1, then the bright state of a pixel (i,j) is 1, and the dark state of pixel (i,j) is 1/200 (not zero, because of leakage).
- the two stage projector architecture has a luminance range of 40,000:1.
- the luminance range defined by these limits gives a contrast ratio of 1/0.000025:1, or 40,000:1.
- the dark state luminance for the exemplary two-stage projector architecture would be only a forty-thousandth of the luminance of the bright state, rather than one two-hundredth of the bright state if the hypothetical imager were used in an existing single imager architecture.
- an imager with a lower contrast ratio can be provided for a considerably lower cost than an imager with a higher contrast ratio.
- a two-stage projection system using two imagers with a contrast ratio of 200:1 will provide a contrast ratio of 40,000:1, while a single-stage projection system using a much more expensive imager with a 500:1 ratio will only provide a 500:1 contrast.
- a two-stage projection system with one imager having a 500:1 contrast ratio and an inexpensive imager with a 200:1 ratio will have a system contrast ratio of 100,000:1. Accordingly, a cost/performance trade-off can be performed to create an optimum projection system.
- Output matrix 6 enters the second PBS 72 through second surface 72 b , and since it comprises p-polarized light, it passes through polarizing surface 72 p and out of the second PBS 72 through third surface 72 c . After output matrix 6 leaves the second PBS 72 , it enters the projection lens assembly 40 , which projects a display image 7 onto a screen (not shown) for viewing.
- the relay lens set 80 must provide good ensquared light energy. That is, the light from a pixel (i,j) in the first imager 50 must be accurately projected onto the corresponding pixel (i,j) on the second imager 60 .
- FIG. 3 shows a calculated result for ensquared energy of the illustrated lens set 80 . The ensquared energy was calculated for the exemplary lens set 80 using ZEMAXTM software. As shown in FIG. 3 , at least about fifty percent (60%) of the light energy from a particular pixel on a first stage imager 50 is focused onto a twelve micron square (e.g., the corresponding pixel of a second stage imager 60 ).
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Abstract
A projection system is provided with improved contrast and reduced artifacts using a larger lamp to maintain good lamp life. The projection system uses two imagers, the first being larger to accommodate a large lamp, sized to the first imager and the second being smaller. The first imager has a matrix of pixels for modulating light on a pixel-by-pixel basis to form a first modulated matrix of light. The second imager has a matrix of pixels corresponding to the pixels of the first imager for modulating the first modulated matrix of light on a pixel-by-pixel basis to form a second modulated matrix of light. The second imager having a size smaller than the size of the first imager. A relay lens set provides a magnification of less than 1.0 to relay each pixel of light in the first modulated matrix of light onto a corresponding pixel of the second imager.
Description
- The invention relates to a multiple imager projection system using a large arc lamp with a projection system having a smaller imager.
- Microdisplays using Digital Light Processing (DLP) and/or Liquid crystal display (LCD), and particularly liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS), imagers are becoming increasingly prevalent in imaging devices such as rear projection television (RPTV).
- Digital Light Processing (DLP) imagers use an array of micro-mirrors, each acting as a pixel, which are pivoted at a very high rate of speed to temporally modulate light intensity on a pixel-by-pixel basis.
- Liquid crystal displays (LCD's), and particularly liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) systems use a reflective light engine or imager. In an LCOS system, projected light is polarized by a polarizing beam splitter (PBS) and directed onto a LCOS imager or light engine comprising a matrix or array of pixels. Throughout this specification, and consistent with the practice of the relevant art, the term pixel is used to designate a small area or dot of an image, the corresponding portion of a light transmission, and the portion of an imager producing that light transmission.
- Each pixel of the DLP or LCOS imager modulates the light incident on it according to a gray-scale factor input to the imager or light engine to form a matrix of discrete modulated light signals or pixels. The matrix of modulated light signals is reflected or output from the imager and directed to a system of projection lenses which project the modulated light onto a display screen, combining the pixels of light to form a viewable image. In this system, the gray-scale variation from pixel to pixel is limited by the number of bits used to process the image signal. The contrast ratio from bright state (i.e., maximum light) to dark state (minimum light) is limited by the leakage of light in the imager.
- One of the major disadvantages of existing LCOS and DLP systems is the difficulty in reducing the amount of light in the dark state, and the resulting difficulty in providing outstanding contrast ratios. This is, in part, due to the leakage of light, inherent in these systems.
- In addition, since the input is a fixed number of bits (e.g., 8, 10, etc.), which must define the full scale of light, there tend to be very few bits available to define subtle differences in darker areas of the picture. This can lead to contouring artifacts.
- One approach to enhance contrast in LCOS in the dark state is to use a COLORSWITCH™ or similar device to scale the entire picture based upon the maximum value in that particular frame. This improves some pictures, but does little for pictures that contain high and low light levels. Other attempts to solve the problem have been directed to making better imagers, etc. but these are at best incremental improvements.
- In microdisplay systems, a general, very desirable tendency is the reduction of the imager area. This is desirable because of improved yields on the imager, and smaller optical components, thus reducing the cost of the system. Reducing the imager area places increasing constraints on the arc lamp design. As the imager shrinks the arc lamp must also be scaled down in size to keep the etandue constant. The reduction in size of the arc lamp results in increasingly shorter arc lamp life, causing increased maintenance and cost to operate the microdisplay.
- The invention provides a projection system that provides improved contrast and contouring of a light signal on a pixel-by-pixel basis using a two-stage projection architecture, thus improving all video pictures. The projection system uses two imagers, the first being larger to accommodate a large lamp, sized to the first imager and the second being smaller. The first imager has a matrix of pixels for modulating light on a pixel-by-pixel basis to form a first modulated matrix of light. The second imager has a matrix of pixels corresponding to the pixels of the first imager for modulating the first modulated matrix of light on a pixel-by-pixel basis to form a second modulated matrix of light. The second imager having a size smaller than the size of the first imager. A relay lens set provides a magnification of less than 1.0 to relay each pixel of light in the first modulated matrix of light onto a corresponding pixel of the second imager.
- The invention will now be described with reference to accompanying figures of which:
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FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an LCOS projection system with a two-stage projection architecture according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 shows an exemplary lens relay system for the projection system ofFIG. 1 ; and -
FIG. 3 shows calculated ensquared energy performance for the lens system ofFIG. 2 . - The present invention provides a projection system, such as for a television display, with enhanced contrast ratio and reduced contouring, while providing good lamp life. This is accomplished by using a
larger imager 50 for the first stage to maintain alarger lamp 10, and asmaller image 60 for the second stage. In the embodiment illustrated,lamp 10 may be an arc lamp generatingwhite light 1, suitable for use in an LCOS system. For example a short-arc mercury lamp may be used. Thewhite light 1 enters anintegrator 20, which directs a telecentric beam ofwhite light 1 toward theprojection system 30. Thewhite light 1 is then separated into its component red, green, and blue (RGB) bands oflight 2. TheRGB light 2 may be separated by dichroic mirrors (not shown) and directed into separate red, green, andblue projection systems 30 for modulation. The modulatedRGB light 2 is then recombined by a prism assembly (not shown) and projected by aprojection lens assembly 40 onto a display screen (not shown). - Alternatively, the
white light 1 may be separated into RGB bands oflight 2 in the time domain, for example, by a color wheel (not shown), and thus directed one-at-a-time into a singleLCOS projection system 30. - An exemplary
LCOS projection system 30 is illustrated inFIG. 1 , using a two-stage projection architecture having alarger imager 50 and asmaller imager 60 according to the present invention. The monochromatic RGB bands oflight 2 are sequentially modulated by the two different sizedimagers light 2 comprise randomly polarized light. These RGB bands oflight 2 enter afirst surface 71 a of afirst PBS 71 and are polarized by a polarizing surface 71 p within thefirst PBS 71. The polarizing surface 71 p allows a p-polarizedcomponent 3 of the RGB bands oflight 2 to pass through thefirst PBS 71 to asecond surface 71 b, while reflecting an s-polarizedcomponent 4 at an angle, away from the projection path where it passes out offirst PBS 71 throughfourth surface 71 d. Afirst imager 50 is disposed beyond thesecond surface 71 b of thefirst PBS 71 opposite thefirst face 71 a, where the RGB bands of light enterfirst PBS 71. The p-polarizedcomponent 3, which passes through thePBS 71, is therefore incident on thefirst imager 50. - In the exemplary embodiment, illustrated in
FIG. 1 ,first imager 50 is a LCOS imager (as will be described in greater detail below) comprising a matrix of polarized liquid crystals corresponding to the pixels of the display image (not shown). These crystals transmit light according to their orientation, which in turn varies with the strength of an electric field created by a signal provided to thefirst imager 50. The imager pixels modulate the p-polarizedlight 3 on a pixel-by-pixel basis proportional to a gray scale value provided to thefirst imager 50 for each individual pixel. As a result of the modulation of individual pixels, thefirst imager 50 provides afirst light matrix 5, comprising a matrix of pixels or discrete dots of light.First light matrix 5 is an output of modulated s-polarized light reflected from thefirst imager 50 back throughsecond surface 71 b offirst PBS 71, where it is reflected by a polarizing surface 71 p at an angle out of thefirst PBS 71 through athird surface 71 c. Each pixel of thefirst light matrix 5 has an intensity or luminance proportional to the individual gray scale value provided for that pixel infirst imager 50. - The
first light matrix 5 of s-polarized light is reflected by the PBS 71 through arelay lens system 80, which provides a magnification of less than one to project each pixel offirst light matrix 5 onto a corresponding pixel ofsmaller imager 60. In an exemplary embodiment, illustrated inFIG. 2 ,relay lens system 80 comprises a series of aspherical lenses, some of which are formed into acromats. The lenses are configured to provide low distortion of the image being transmitted with a magnification of less than 1, so that the output of each pixel in thefirst imager 50 is projected onto a corresponding pixel of thesecond imager 60. - As shown in
FIG. 2 , exemplaryrelay lens system 80 comprises a firstaspheric lens 81 and a first acromatic lens 82 (comprising two aspheres) between thefirst PBS 71 and the focal point of the lens system orsystem stop 83. Between the system stop 83 and thesecond imager 72,lens system 80 comprises a second acromatic lens 84 (comprising two aspheres) and a secondaspheric lens 85. Firstaspheric lens 81 has afirst surface 81 a andsecond surface 81 b which bend the diverging light pattern from thefirst PBS 71 into a light pattern converging toward the optical axis oflens system 80. Firstacromatic lens 82 has afirst surface 82 a, asecond surface 82 b, and athird surface 82 c, which focus the converging light pattern from the firstaspheric lens 81 onto thesystem stop 83. At the system stop 83, the light pattern inverts and diverges. Thesecond acromatic lens 84 has a first surface 84 a, asecond surface 84 b, and athird surface 84 c. Thesurfaces second acromatic lens 84 distribute the diverging light pattern onto the secondaspherical lens 85. The secondaspherical lens 85, has afirst surface 85 a and asecond surface 85 b.Surfaces second imager 60 that has pixels with a one-to-one correspondence to the matrix of pixels from thefirst imager 50. The surfaces ofrelay lens system 80 are configured to work with theimagers first imager 50 andsecond imager 60. An exemplary lens set 80 was developed by the inventors using ZEMAX™ software and design criteria developed by the inventors. A summary of the surfaces of an exemplary two-stage projection system 30 are provided in Table 1, and aspheric coefficients for the surfaces are provided in Table 2. The exemplary lens system described in Tables 1 and 2 provides one-to-one transmission from the pixels of a 0.7 inchlarger imager 50 to a 0.5 inchsmaller imager 60. Various modifications can be made to this exemplary projection system based on such factors as: cost, size, luminance levels, and other design factors.TABLE 1 (dimensions in millimeters) Surface Type Radius Thickness Glass Diameter Conic 50 Standard Infinity 7.344807 17.844 0 71b Standard Infinity 28 SF2 19.49308 0 71c Standard Infinity 16.144 23.30644 0 81a Evenasph −1792.427 8.465153 BAK2 27.53717 15896.17 81b Evenasph −47.64756 22.60534 25.79954 0.1385228 82a Evenasph 9.989885 5.216671 BAF3 12.28836 0.2461029 82b Evenasph −15.70192 2.781307 SF64A 10.44962 0.3273907 82c Evenasph 10.4408 2.35585 7.466488 1.112838 83 Standard Infinity 2.701553 7.598633 0 84a Evenasph −12.47 12.27089 LLF1 9.027755 −0.9337399 84b Evenasph 21.61151 6.568487 BK10 16.55144 −60.03617 84c Evenasph −10.36284 1.205388 19.1303 −0.09623429 85a Evenasph 25.32294 11.75584 BAK2 19.59857 −10.12812 85b Evenasph −156.8982 2.033251 24.39482 91.45723 72a Standard Infinity 25 SF2 26.27618 0 72b Standard Infinity 3.796829 32.14654 0 60 Standard Infinity 12.7 0 -
TABLE 2 coefficient on: surfaces 81a surfaces 81b surfaces 82a Surfaces 82b r2 0.010014379 −0.0042525592 −0.00049308956 −0.0024450588 r4 8.2837304e−006 5.9994341e−006 −4.2471681e−006 6.544755e−005 r6 −1.5974119e−008 4.1263492e−008 6.7784397e−007 −7.0268435e−006 r8 7.1436629e−010 −2.2599135e−010 8.2484037e−009 2.5319053e−007 r10 −4.055464e−012 4.7166887e−012 3.8235422e−010 1.2042165e−008 r12 5.5374003e−015 −9.3608006e−015 −8.7314699e−012 1.4415007e−010 r14 2.4154668e−017 −2.7355431e−016 −5.5310433e−013 −2.9191172e−011 r16 1.7819688e−019 1.6718734e−018 1.6816709e−014 3.2892181e−013 coefficient on: Surfaces 82c Surfaces 84a Surfaces 84b surfaces 85a r2 0.0016585768 −0.0042693384 −0.028244602 −0.0014200358 r4 0.00016676655 5.0145851e−005 −0.0002613112 −6.6572718e−005 r6 8.858413e−006 6.8120651e−006 2.4697573e−007 −2.0323262e−007 r8 −6.6560983e−008 2.0863961e−008 2.5116094e−008 −5.5412448e−009 r10 1.0434302e−008 9.6869445e−009 9.9630717e−010 2.5013767e−011 r12 2.9470636e−009 8.0172475e−010 9.3849316e−012 6.8917014e−013 r14 1.4144848e−010 1.1496028e−011 −8.4444523e−014 3.5809263e−015 r16 −1.3523988e−011 −2.6695627e−012 −4.9434548e−015 −1.2508138e−016 coefficient on: surfaces 85b surfaces 84c r2 0.010232017 0.0018730125 r4 −0.00022008009 4.8192806e−005 r6 1.5992026e−007 6.3746875e−007 r8 4.409598e−009 5.2485121e−010 r10 −7.4775294e−012 8.1903143e−012 r12 −1.339599e−013 1.1898319e−013 r14 −2.2536409e−015 4.9712202e−016 r16 1.722549e−017 3.8319894e−017 - After the
first light matrix 5 leaves therelay lens system 80, it enters into asecond PBS 72 through afirst surface 72 a.Second PBS 72 has apolarizing surface 72 p that reflects the s-polarized firstlight matrix 5 through asecond surface 72 b onto asecond imager 60. In the exemplary embodiment, illustrated inFIG. 1 ,second imager 60 is an LCOS imager which modulates the previously modulatedfirst light matrix 5 on a pixel-by-pixel basis proportional to a gray scale value provided to thesecond imager 60 for each individual pixel. The pixels of thesecond imager 60 corresponds on a one-to-one basis with the pixels of thefirst imager 50 and with the pixels of the display image. Thus, the input of a particular pixel (i,j) to thesecond imager 60 is the output from corresponding pixel (i,j) of thefirst imager 50. - The
second imager 60 then produces anoutput matrix 6 of p-polarized light. Each pixel of light in theoutput matrix 6 is modulated in intensity by a gray scale value provided to the imager for that pixel of thesecond imager 60. Thus a specific pixel of the output matrix 6 (i,j) would have an intensity proportional to both the gray scale value for its corresponding pixel (i,j), in the first imager and its corresponding pixel (i,j)2 in thesecond imager 60. - The
lamp 10 must be sized to the first stage imager to maintain the desired etandue. Using alarger imager 50 in the first stage of theprojection system 30 allows thelamp 10 to be larger, resulting in longer lamp life. Moreover a more modest imager (in terms of contrast ratio) can be used for thelarger imager 50, because a second,smaller imager 60 will also be used to modulate the projected image. The modestlarge imager 50 receives thelamp 10 illumination (from a larger arc lamp) and then relays the light using a now less than unity magnification lens to illuminate on a pixel by pixel basis a “high quality”smaller imager 60. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment a ˜0.7″larger imager 50 is used as an illumination imager, and a ˜0.5″smaller imager 60 is used as an image making imager. Therelay lens system 80, as described above provides one-to-one correspondence between the pixels of thelarger imager 50 and thesmaller imager 60. - The light output L of a particular pixel (i,j) is given by the product of the light incident on the given pixel of
first imager 50, the gray scale value selected for the given pixel atfirst imager 50, and the gray scale value selected at second imager 60:
L=L0×G1×G2 - L0 is a constant for a given pixel (being a function of the
lamp 10, and the illumination system.) Thus, the light output L is actually determined primarily by the gray scale values selected for this pixel on eachimager
L max=1×1=1;
L min=0.005×0.005=0.000025 - The luminance range defined by these limits gives a contrast ratio of 1/0.000025:1, or 40,000:1. Importantly, the dark state luminance for the exemplary two-stage projector architecture would be only a forty-thousandth of the luminance of the bright state, rather than one two-hundredth of the bright state if the hypothetical imager were used in an existing single imager architecture. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, an imager with a lower contrast ratio can be provided for a considerably lower cost than an imager with a higher contrast ratio. Thus, a two-stage projection system using two imagers with a contrast ratio of 200:1 will provide a contrast ratio of 40,000:1, while a single-stage projection system using a much more expensive imager with a 500:1 ratio will only provide a 500:1 contrast. Also, a two-stage projection system with one imager having a 500:1 contrast ratio and an inexpensive imager with a 200:1 ratio will have a system contrast ratio of 100,000:1. Accordingly, a cost/performance trade-off can be performed to create an optimum projection system.
-
Output matrix 6 enters thesecond PBS 72 throughsecond surface 72 b, and since it comprises p-polarized light, it passes throughpolarizing surface 72 p and out of thesecond PBS 72 throughthird surface 72 c. Afteroutput matrix 6 leaves thesecond PBS 72, it enters theprojection lens assembly 40, which projects adisplay image 7 onto a screen (not shown) for viewing. - To provide one-to-one correspondence between the pixels of the
first imager 50 and thesecond imager 60, the relay lens set 80 must provide good ensquared light energy. That is, the light from a pixel (i,j) in thefirst imager 50 must be accurately projected onto the corresponding pixel (i,j) on thesecond imager 60.FIG. 3 shows a calculated result for ensquared energy of the illustrated lens set 80. The ensquared energy was calculated for the exemplary lens set 80 using ZEMAX™ software. As shown inFIG. 3 , at least about fifty percent (60%) of the light energy from a particular pixel on afirst stage imager 50 is focused onto a twelve micron square (e.g., the corresponding pixel of a second stage imager 60). - The foregoing illustrates some of the possibilities for practicing the invention. Many other embodiments are possible within the scope and spirit of the invention. It is, therefore, intended that the foregoing description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting, and that the scope of the invention is given by the appended claims together with their full range of equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A projection system, comprising:
a first imager having a matrix of pixels for modulating light on a pixel-by-pixel basis to form a first modulated matrix of light, the first imager having a first size;
a second imager having a matrix of pixels corresponding to the pixels of the first imager for modulating the first modulated matrix of light on a pixel-by-pixel basis to form a second modulated matrix of light, the second imager having a second size smaller than the first size;
a relay lens set having a magnification of less than 1.0 to relay each pixel of light in the first modulated matrix of light onto a corresponding pixel of the second imager; and
a lamp sized for the first imager.
2. The projection system of claim 1 , wherein the first imager has a size of about 0.7 inches and the second imager has a size of about 0.5 inches.
3. The projection system of claim 1 , wherein the relay lens set comprises six lens elements.
4. The projection system of claim 3 , wherein the first and sixth lens elements are aspheres.
5. The projection system of claim 4 , wherein the second and third elements are aspheric lens elements joined at the exit face of the second element and entrance face of the third element to form an acromat.
6. The projection system of claim 5 wherein the fourth and fifth elements are aspheric lens elements joined at the exit face of the fourth element and entrance face of the fifth element to form an acromat.
7. The projection system of claim 1 , wherein at least 60% of the light energy from the first imager is focused onto a twelve micron square on the second imager.
8. The projection system of claim 1 , wherein the relay lens set has an ensquared energy of about 70% within a twelve micron square.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2004/014657 WO2005115012A1 (en) | 2004-05-11 | 2004-05-11 | System for using larger arc lamps with smaller imagers in a two-stage system comprising two imagers in series |
Publications (1)
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US20070229718A1 true US20070229718A1 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
Family
ID=34958135
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US11/579,849 Abandoned US20070229718A1 (en) | 2004-05-11 | 2004-05-11 | System for Using Larger Arc Lamps with Smaller Imagers |
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US (1) | US20070229718A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1745655A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4480763B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101116248B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1957619A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005115012A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
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JP4480763B2 (en) | 2010-06-16 |
CN1957619A (en) | 2007-05-02 |
JP2007537484A (en) | 2007-12-20 |
EP1745655A1 (en) | 2007-01-24 |
KR20070020030A (en) | 2007-02-16 |
KR101116248B1 (en) | 2012-03-09 |
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