DE1794292B1 - Schmiermittel auf Mineralschmieroelbasis - Google Patents
Schmiermittel auf MineralschmieroelbasisInfo
- Publication number
- DE1794292B1 DE1794292B1 DE19601794292D DE1794292DA DE1794292B1 DE 1794292 B1 DE1794292 B1 DE 1794292B1 DE 19601794292 D DE19601794292 D DE 19601794292D DE 1794292D A DE1794292D A DE 1794292DA DE 1794292 B1 DE1794292 B1 DE 1794292B1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- anhydride
- regulation
- weight
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 17
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenamine Chemical compound NC=C UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 42
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 18
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- -1 acyclic diamides Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 14
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical class ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 12
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000011044 succinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- UPCIBFUJJLCOQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethyl-[2-[2-[ethyl(dimethyl)azaniumyl]ethyl-methylamino]ethyl]-dimethylazanium;dibromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].CC[N+](C)(C)CCN(C)CC[N+](C)(C)CC UPCIBFUJJLCOQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011814 protection agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003444 succinic acids Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical group O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZJTUOGZUKFLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclooctane Chemical group CC1CC(C)CC(C)CC(C)C1 BZJTUOGZUKFLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-dodecyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCC1CC(=O)OC1=O YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical group [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZRYGYNKSRKYLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].C=C Chemical group [N].C=C VZRYGYNKSRKYLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008431 aliphatic amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010533 azeotropic distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002171 ethylene diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005462 imide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSHROXHEILXKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-[2-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]ethylamino]ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCNCCN LSHROXHEILXKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOHAUGDGCWURIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dipentylpentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCN(CCCCC)CCCCC OOHAUGDGCWURIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003924 oil dispersant Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHWZFJZRYAPVJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,5-dione prop-1-ene Chemical class CC=C.CC=C.CC=C.CC=C.O=C1CCC(=O)O1 LHWZFJZRYAPVJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004707 phenolate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004885 piperazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/36—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D207/40—2,5-Pyrrolidine-diones
- C07D207/404—2,5-Pyrrolidine-diones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms, e.g. succinimide
- C07D207/408—Radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/412—Acyclic radicals containing more than six carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/54—Preparation of carboxylic acid anhydrides
- C07C51/567—Preparation of carboxylic acid anhydrides by reactions not involving carboxylic acid anhydride groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07G—COMPOUNDS OF UNKNOWN CONSTITUTION
- C07G99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/18—Introducing halogen atoms or halogen-containing groups
- C08F8/20—Halogenation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/30—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/30—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
- C08F8/32—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups by reaction with amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/46—Reaction with unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof, e.g. maleinisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/26—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/221—Organic compounds containing nitrogen compounds of uncertain formula; reaction products where mixtures of compounds are obtained
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von öllöslichen
acylierten Aminen, die durch Kondensation einer substituierten Bernsteinsäure der allgemeinen
Formel li;
CHCOQH
CH2COOH
CH2COOH
oder deren Anhydrid der allgemeinen Formel
in der R ein von einem Polyolefin abgeleiteter aliphatischer
oder ein von einem Mischpolymerisat aus Styrol und einem Olefin, welches mehr als 90%
Olefineinheiten enthält, abgeleiteter Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit mindestens 50 C-Atomen ist, mit mindestens
der halben äquivalenten Menge, vorzugsweise mit der äquivalenten Menge eines Äthylenarnins
der allgemeinen Formel
H7N-
CH7-CH-NH
R1
— H,
in der χ eine ganze Zahl und R1 einen niedrigmolekularen
Alkylrest oder ein Wasserstoffatom bedeutet, oder deren technischen Gemischen bei Temperaturen
von 80 bis 200° C unter Entfernung des bei der Reaktion gebildeten Wassers hergestellt worden sind, als
Zusatz in Schmiermitteln auf Mineralölbasis.
Die acylierten Amine eignen sich besonders als Zusätze für Schmiermittel, die im Motorgehäuse von
' Verbrennungsmotoren verwendet werden.
Im Motorgehäuse von Verbrennungsmotoren tritt eine unvermeidliche Verschmutzung des Schmiermittels
durch Fremdkörper, wie Verunreinigungen, Kohleteilchen, Wasser und Zerfallprodukte des 'Öles
selbst ein.
Die wichtigste dieser Verunreinigungen ist wahrscheinlich
das Wasser, welches offensichtlich dafür verantwortlich ist, daß sich ein dickflüssiger Schlamm
absetzt. Bei Abwesenheit von Wasser würden wahrscheinlich die festen Bestandteile dieses Schlammes
mit dem öl umlaufen und durch den ölfilter beseitigt.
Durch das Absetzen dieses Schlammes wird daher das Arbeiten des Motors beeinflußt, und es ist deshalb
wünschenswert, das Absetzen des Schlammes zu verhindern.
Die Gegenwart von Wasser und die Bildung von Schlamm in einem Schmieröl hängen weitgehend von
dex^etriebstemperatur des Öls ab. Bei hoher BetriebsteAperaiifi^WerdiaTOtiftijd^^
Wasser, sobald es sich ansammelt. Die anderen "Fremdstoffe werden dann
durch den Filter beseitigt. Bei niedrigen öltemperaturen sammelt sich jedoch Wasser an und ermöglicht
die Schlammbildung., Die Bedingungen, denen ' ein Schmiermittel im' Motorgehäuse ausgesetzt ist,
bestimmen weitgehend auch die Leistung dieses Schmiermittels.
Hohe Arbeitstemperaturen treten in einem Motor auf, der mit verhältnismäßig konstanter hoher Drehzahl
umläuft. In diesem Falle ist eine Wasseransammlung und damit die Bildung und das Absetzen von
ίο Schlamm sehr unwahrscheinlich. Beim Kurzstreckenbetrieb
eines Kraftfahrzeugs ist hingegen das Schmier- -: ,mittel im Motorgehäuse abwechselnd warm und kalt,
' ■' wodurch die Wasseransammlung begünstigt wird. In diesem Falle ist die Schlammbildung ein ernstliches
Problem, das auch durch den Zusatz von bekannten Reinigungsmitteln, wie Metallphenaten und -sulfonaten
von Erdalkalimetallen nicht befriedigend gelöst werden konnte. Obwohl diese bekannten Reinigungsmittel,
z. B. Salze eines mehrwertigen Metalls von einem Monoamid der 2,5-endo-Äthylen-z! 3,4-cyclohexen-l,6-dicarbonsäure
oder dem Kondensationsprodukt eines solchen Amids mit einem Alkanthiol, die Schlammbildung in Motorölen bei hohen Betriebstemperaturen zufriedenstellend verhindern, ist ihre
Wirkung bei niedrigen Betriebstemperaturen oder dann, wenn das Schmiermittel im Motorgehäuse
abwechselnd warm und kalt ist, beträchtlich geringer. Als metallfreie Korrosionsschutzmittel hat man
auch bereits Amide von durch Alkyl- bzw. Alkenylgruppen substituierten Bernsteinsäuren oder Bernsteinsäureanhydriden verwendet, deren Alkyl- bzw.
Älkenylgruppen jedoch höchstens 12 oder 15 C-Atome enthielten (vgl. die USA.-Patentschriften 2 604 541,
•2,-588 412 und 2 540 800). Diese Korrosionsschutzmittel wirken aber nicht als Dispergiermittel, da ihre
Substituenten zu kurze Ketten enthielten.
Auch die Verwendung von Amiden aliphatischer
oder cycloaliphaüscher Carbonsäuren mit 6 bis
24 C-Atomen und Hydroxylderivaten aliphatischer Amine führte nicht zu dem gewünschten Ergebnis
(vgl. britische Patentschrift 681 554).
Die genannten Schwierigkeiten werden dadurch
gelöst, daß man den Miheralschmierölen die auf die
vorstehende Weise hergestellten acylierten Amine in Mengen von etwa 0,1 bis 5 Gewichtsprozent als
■Dispergiermittel zusetzt. ■
Die öllöslichen acylierten Amine können aus einfachen acyclischen Diamiden, cyclischen Diamiden,
polymeren Amiden oder Mischungen dieser Amide bestehen. Ferner können durch weitere Umsetzung
von Amidgruppen auch Imidgruppen gebildet werden. Außerdem können noch Aminosäuresalze in dieser
Mischung vorhanden sein.
Die Größe des Substituenten der als Ausgangsstoff dienenden Bernsteinsäure oder deren Anhydrid ist
von besonderer Bedeutung. Es ist nämlich wichtig, daß dieser Substituent mindestens 50 C-Atome enthält.
Die Ausgangsstoffe dieser aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffsubstituenten sind Polyolefine, beispielsweise
Polyäthylen, Polypropylen und vorzugsweise Polyisobutylen. Die Kondensation eines Polyisobutylens
mit einem Molekulargewicht von 750 mit Maleinsäureanhydrid ergibt ein Alkenylbemsteinsäureanhydrid,
welches bei der weiteren Umsetzung mit einem Äthylenamin der nachstehend wiedergegebenen allgemeinen Formel ein besonders wirkungsvolles
Schmieröldispergiermittel darstellt. Polyisobutylene dieses besonderen Molekulargewichts sind
im Handel erhältlich und auf Grund der Wirksamkeit der daraus erzeugten Stoffe besonders geeignet. Der
Substituent kann sich auch von einem Mischpolymerisat aus unsubstituiertem oder substituiertem
Styrol und Isobutylen oder anderen aliphatischen Olefinen ableiten, das mehr als 90% Olefineinheiten
enthält.
Die substituierten Bernsteinsäuren und deren Anhydride,
mit deren Hilfe die Amine acyliert werden, sind neue Verbindungen, die sich durch Erwärmen
von Maleinsäureanhydrid mit einem hochmolekularen Olefin oder chlorierten hochmolekularen Olefin auf
etwa 150 bis 200° C herstellen lassen, wie durch die folgenden Formelbilder veranschaulicht wird:
CHCOs
R-CH = CH2 +
CHCO' R — CH = CHCHCO
CH9CO
R-CH2CH2Cl
CHCOs
CHCO'
R-CH = CHCHCOs
O + HCl
CH9CO
Es ist jedoch nicht sicher, ob die Umsetzung genau nach diesem Förmelbild abläuft, besonders im
Hinblick auf das Kohlenstoffatom des hochmolekularen
Olefins oder Chlorierten hochmolekularen Olefins, das mit der'Maleinsäure oder deren Anhydrid
umgesetzt wird.
Substituierte1 Bernsteinsäureanhydride und deren
Derivate sind seit einiger Zeit bekannt (vgl. USA.-Patentschrift 2133 734). Es ist ebenfalls bekannt,
daß diese Verbindungen auf Grund ihrer rost- bzw. korrosionsverhindernden Eigenschaften und ihres Viskositäts-Temperaturverhaltens
als Schmiermittelzusätze geeignet sind (vgl. USA.-Patentschrift 2 334 158).
Derartige Zusätze weisen jedoch keine Dispergierwirkung
auf. Im Gegensatz hierzu eignen sich die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten aeylierten Amine infolge
der großen Kettenlänge des Substituenten R in der substituierten Bernsteinsäure bzw. deren Anhydrid
söhr gut als Dispergiermittel in z. B: Schmierölen. ■'- ' '..""' '
Das substituierte'Bernsteinsäureanhydrid wird unmittelbar
mit dem' Äthylenamin umgesetzt oder vorher in die Säure umgewandelt.
Unter »Äthylenamin« sind Verbindungen'der allgemeinen
Formel ■
H9N-.
CH2-CH-NH
^--R1.
^--R1.
zu verstehen, iri der χ eine ganze Zahl ist und R1
einen niedrigmolekularen Alkylrest oder ein'Wasserstoffatom
bedeutet, beispielsweise Äthylendiamin, Diäthylentriamin, Triäthylentetramin, Tetraäthylenpentamin,
Pentaäthylenhexamin. Diese Verbindungen sind im einzelnen in Abschnitt »Ethylene Amines« in
Kirk — Othmer, »Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology«, Bd. 5, 1950, S. 898 bis 905, beschrieben.
Diese Stoffe werden am zweckmäßigsten durch Umsetzung von Äthylendichlorid mit Ammoniak hergestellt,
wobei Mischungen von Äthylenaminen, einschließlich cyclischer Kondensationsprodukte, wie
Piperazine, erhalten werden. Auch aus reinen Äthylendiaminen bzw. -polyaminen können die aeylierten
Amine hergestellt werden. Ein wegen seiner leichten und billigen Zugänglichkeit und seiner Dispergiereigenschaften
besonders geeignetes acyliertes Amin wird hergestellt aus einer Mischung von durch Umsetzung
von Äthylenchlorid und Ammoniak hergestellten Äthylenaminen, deren Zusammensetzung dem
Tetraäthylenpentamih entspricht.
Wie bereits bemerkt, muß mindestens die halbe äquivalente Menge an Di- bzw.; Pölyamin je Äquivalent
des substituierten Berjpteinsäureanhydrids verwendet
werden, damit di^^eylieften Amine zufriedenstellende
Dispersionseigensejjjafteli ,besitzen. Vorzugsweise
setzt man die Ausgangsstoffe' in äquivalenten
Mengen ein. Die chemische »Äquivalenz« des Äthylenamins bezieht sich auf den Stickstoffgehalt, d. h., ein
Amin mit 4 Stickstoffatomen je Molekül enthält vier Äquivalente je Mol.
Die Umsetzung erfolgt unter Abspaltung von Wasser, das bei der Bildung entfernt wird. Nach der
Salzbildung ist wahrscheinlich die erste Stufe die Bildung eines Halbamids ·
R —CHCOs
CH2CO
gefolgt von der Salzbildung
' ■ R-CHCOOH
CH2CONHR1
O + H9NR1
2NR1
H2NR1 R —CHCOOH
CH2CONHR1
R-CHCOOH3NR1
CH2CONHR1
5 6
und schließlich der Dehydratisierung dieses Salzes unter Bildung des acylierten Amins
R-CHCOOH3NR1
R-CHCONHR1
CH2CONHR1
+ H2O
CH2CONHR1
Wie bereits erwähnt, bilden sich auch Amide. Die 15 valent) einer Äthylenaminmischung versetzt, deren
ersten beiden Stufen scheinen bei der Mischung von durchschnittliche Zusammensetzung dem Tetraäthyselbst
zu verlaufen, während die dritte Stufe Erwär- lenpentamin entsprach. Die Mischung wurde erhitzt,
mung benötigt. Temperaturen im Bereich von etwa um das azeotrope Gemisch aus Wasser und Toluol
80 bis 200° C genügen, und Temperaturen zwischen abzudestillieren. Es wurde dann bei 20 Torr zur
etwa 100 und 160°C' sind vorzuziehen. Zur Ent- 20 Beseitigung des Toluols auf 1500C erhitzt. Das
fernung des Wassers wird besonders Toluol als zurückbleibende Polyamid hatte einen Stickstoffgehalt
Von 4,7%·
6. Vorschrift 1 wurde angewendet für die Herstellung eines acylierten Amins unter Verwendung
25 von 46 g (1,5 Grammäquivalent) Äthylendiamih.'Die Lösung des Endprodukts hatte einen Stickstoffgehalt
von 1,5%.
7. Ein Polyisobutenylbefnsteinsäureänhydrid mit der Säurezahl 105 und einem Äquivalentgewicht von
gewicht von 850, und das gebildete Älkehylbernstein- 30 540 wurde durch Umsetzung eines chlorierten PoIysäureanhydrid
hatte -eine Säurezahl von 113 (ent- isöbutylens (mit einem Durchschnittsmolekulargesprechend
einehi Äqüivalentgewicbit von 500). wicht von 1050 und einem Chlorgehalt vori 4,3%)
Zu eihef Mischung von 500 g (1 Grafnfnäqüivalent) und Maleinsäureanhydrid hergestellt. Eine Mischung
dieses Ppiyisbbütenylbefnsteirisäiireahhydrids und aus 300 Gewichtsteilen des Polyisobutenylbernstein-160
g Toiüoi wurden bei Zimmertemperatur 35 g 35 säureanhydrids und 160 Gewichtsteilen Mineralöl
(1,02 Grämjnäq^i^alent) Diäthylentriarnin gegeben. wurde bei 65 bis 95° C mit einer äquivalenten Menge
.Die Zugabe effolgte portionsweise im Verlauf von (25 Gewichtsteile) Tetraäthylenpentämin (Vorschrift 5)
15 Minuten, und eine anfängliche exotherme Reaktion versetzt. Die Mischung würde dann auf 150° C ervefürsachte
eihfeh ^Temperaturanstieg auf 50° C. Die hitzt, um alles bei der. Reaktion gebildete Wasser äus-Miscnüng
würde däiih erwärmt und ein azeotropes 4° zutreiben.'Um auch die letzten Wasserspuren zu erit-Geniisch
aus Wasser und Toluol aus der Mischung fernen, wurde bei dieser Temperatur Stickstoff durch
aBdestillief t. Nachdem kein Wasser mehr abdestillierte,
wurde dife Mischung bei 20 Torf auf 1500C erhitzt,
ürh das Tolurii zu entfernen. Der Rückstand wurde
wurde dife Mischung bei 20 Torf auf 1500C erhitzt,
ürh das Tolurii zu entfernen. Der Rückstand wurde
erg
Schleppmittel zugegeben und das Wasser azeotrop abdestilliert.
Im folgenden wird die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäß
verwendeten Amine beschrieben:
1. Ein Polyisobutenyl - Bernsteinsäureanhydrid
wurde durch Umsetzung eines. chlorierten Pölyisöbutylens
mit Maleinsäureanhydrid bei 2000C hergestellt. Der Polyisobütenylrest: hatte ein Molekulardie
Mischung geblasen. Der Rückstand wurde mit 79 Gewichtsteilen Mineralöl verdünnt, und diese Dllösung
hatte einen Stickstoffgehalt von 1,6%·
mit 350 g Mineralöl verdünnt; Der Stickstoffgehalt 45 8. Eine Mischung aus 2112 g (3,9 Grammäquiva-
dieser Lösung betrüg l,6°/o· . lent) des Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrids nach
2. Gemäß der Herstelluhgsvorsehrift 1 würde ein Vorschrift 7,136 g (3,9 Grarnmäquivaleht) DiäthylenacyiiertesÄminuntefVerwendung
von 31 g(l Gramm- triamin und 1060 g Mineralöl wurde 1 Stunde auf 140
äquivalent) Äthylendiarnm hergestellt. Der Stickstoff- bis 150° C erhitzt. Während vier weiterer Stünden
gehalt der Lösung des Endproduktes in Mineralöl 50 wurde Stickstoff bei dieser Temperatur durch die
war 1,4%. . , Mischung geblasen, um das Wasser zu entfernen. Der
3. Geniäß der Hefsteliungsvofschrift 1 wurde unter Rückstand wurde mit 420 g Mineralöl verdünnt, und
yerwenduhg von,55,5 g (1,5 Grammäqüivalerit) einer diese ÖUÖsüng hatte einen Stickstoffgehalt von 1,3%.
Äthyleüaihinmischühg, deren Zusammensetzung der 9. Zu einer Lösung aus iöOOg (1,87 Grammaquides
Triätjiylentetramiiis entsprach, ein abyliertes Ämin 55 valent) des Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrids
hergestellt. Der Stickstoffgehalt der Losung des End- nach Vorschrift 7 in 500 g Mineralöl wurden bei 85
Produktes war 1,9°/ο· . ■ bis 95° C 70 g (1,87 Grammäquivaleht) Tetraäthylen-,.
4. Gemäß der Herstelluhgsvprschrift 1 würde unter pentamin zugegeben. Die Mischung wurde dann
Verwendung von .55,0 g (1,5 Grammäquivalent) Tn- 4 Stunden auf 150 bis 165°C erhitzt, wobei Stickstoff
äthyrenteträrnin ein acyliertesÄmin hergestellt. Der 60 durchgeblasen würde, um das Wasser zu entfernen.
Stickstoffgehalt der Lösung des Endproduktes war Der Rückstand wurde mit 200 g Mineralöl verdünnt,
2,2%· und diese öllösung hatte einen Stickstoffgehalt von
5. Eine Mischung von 140 g Toluol und 400 g 1,4%·
(0,78 Gfarnhiäqüivaleut) eines Polyisobutenylbern- 10. Ein Polypropenylberristeinsäureanhydrid wurde
steinsäüreänhydrids ,(mit einer Säurezahl von 109, 65 durch Umsetzung eines chlorierten Polypropylens
hergestellt, aus Maleinsäureanhydrid und dem chlo- (mit einem Molekulargewicht von etwa 900 und einem
rieften Polyisobutylen nach Vorschrift 1) wurde bei Chlorgehalt von 4%) oiit Maleinsäureanhydrid bei
Zimmertemperatur mit 63,6 g (i,55 Grammäqüi- 2000C hergestellt. Das Produkt hat eine Säurezahl
von 75. Zu einer Mischung aus 390 g (0,52 Grammäquivalent) dieses Polypropenylbernsteinsäureanhydrids,
500 g Toluol und 170 g Mineralöl wurden portionsweise 22 g (0,52 Grammäquivalent) Tetraäthylenpentamin
(vgl. Vorschrift 5) gegeben. Die Reaktionsmischung wurde 3 Stunden unter Rückfluß erhitzt
und das Wasser azeotrop mit Toluol entfernt; das restliche Toluol wurde dann durch Erhitzen auf
1500C bei 20 Torr entfernt. Der Rückstand enthielt
1,3% Stickstoff.
11. Ein substituiertes Bernsteinsäureanhydrid wurde durch Umsetzung von Maleinsäureanhydrid mit einem
chlorierten Mischpolymerisat aus Isobutylen und Styrol hergestellt. Das Mischpolymerisat bestand aus
94 Gewichtsteilen Isobutyleneinheiten und 6 Gewichtsteilen Styroleinheiten, hatte ein Durchschnittsmolekulargewicht von 1200 und war bis zu einem
Chlorgehalt von 2,8 Gewichtsprozent chloriert. Das gebildete substituierte Bernsteinsäureanhydrid hatte
eine Säurezahl von 40. 710 g (0,51 Grammäquivalent) dieses substituierten Bernsteinsäureanhydrids und
500 g Toluol wurden portionsweise mit 22 g (0,51 Grammäquivalent) Tetraäthylenpentamin versetzt.
Die Mischung wurde 3 Stunden auf Rückflußtemperatur erhitzt, um alles Wasser durch azeotrope
Destillation zu entfernen. Dann wurde bei 1500C bei 20 Torr das Toluol entfernt. Der Rückstand enthielt
1,1 Gewichtsprozent Stickstoff.
12. Ein substituiertes Bernsteinsäureanhydrid wurde durch Umsetzung von Maleinsäureanhydrid mit einem
chlorierten Mischpolymerisat aus Isobutylen und Isopren hergestellt. Das Mischpolymerisat bestand
aus 99 Gewichtsteilen Isobutyleneinheiten und 1 Gewichtsteil Isopreneinheiten; sein Molekulargewicht
war 28 000, und der Chlorgehalt des chlorierten Mischpolymerisats war 1,95%·
Dieses Alkenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid hatte eine Säurezahl von 54. Eine Mischung aus 228 g
(0,22 Grammäquivalent) einer öllösung dieses Alkenylbernsteinsäureanhydrids,
58 g zusätzlichen Mineralöls, 500 g Toluol und 9,3 g (0,22 Grammäquivalent) Tetraäthylenpentamin (vgl. Vorschrift 5) wurde
3 Stunden auf 110 bis 120° C erhitzt, wobei das Wasser
azeotrop mit Toluol entfernt wurde. Nach Entfernung des Wassers wurde das Toluol bei 15O0C und 20 Torr
abdestilliert. Der Rückstand hatte einen Stickstoffgehalt von 1,1%·
13. Ein Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid wurde durch Umsetzung eines chlorierten Polyisobutylen«
mit Maleinsäureanhydrid hergestellt. Der Chlorgehalt des chlorierten Polyisobutylen betrug
2% und das Durchschnittsmolekulargewicht 11 000. Das Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid hatte die
Säurezahl 48. Eine Mischung aus 410 g (0,35 Grammäquivalent) dieses Anhydrids, 15 g (0,35 Grammäqui-
valent) Tetraäthylenpentamin (vgl. Vorschrift 5) und 500 g Toluol wurde 4 Stunden auf Rückflußtemperatur
erhitzt, um das Wasser mit Toluol azeotrop zu entfernen.
Das Toluol wurde dann bei 1500C und 20 Torr
entfernt. Der Stickstoffgehalt des Rückstands betrug
14. Gemäß der Herstellungsvorschrift 5 wurde unter Verwendung von 0,94 Grammäquivalent Tetraäthylenpentamin
an Stelle von 1,55 Grammäquivalent ein Acylamin hergestellt. Der Stickstoffgehalt des
Produktes betrug 3%·
15. Eine polyisobutenylsubstituierte Bernsteinsäure wurde durch Hydrolyse des entsprechenden Anhydrids
hergestellt (das Anhydrid selbst wurde durch Kondensation eines chlorierten Polyisobutylen und
Maleinsäureanhydrid gewonnen). Zu 1152 g (1,5 Grammäquivalent) einer 70%igen Minerallösung
dieser Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäure mit der Säurezahl 62 wurde bei Zimmertemperatur 59,5 g (1,5
Grammäquivalent) Tetraäthylenpentamin gegeben. Die Mischung wurde 7 Stunden auf 150 bis 167° C
erhitzt; während dieser Zeit wurden insgesamt 19,5 g Wasser abdestilliert. Der Rückstand wurde mit 174 g
Mineralöl versetzt und bei 1500C filtriert. Das Filtrat
enthielt 1,6% Stickstoff.
16. Eine Mischung aus 1056 g (2,0 Grammäquivalent) des Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrids
nach der vorhergehenden Vorschrift (in welcher die Polyisobutenylgruppe ein Molekulargewicht von 850
hat), 89 g (2,0 Grammäquivalent) Di-(1,2-propylen)-triamin
(mit einem Stickstoffgehalt von 31,3%), 370 g Mineralöl und 100 g Toluol wurde 5 Stunden
auf Rückflußtemperatur (180 bis 1900C) erhitzt. Insgesamt
18 g Wasser wurden mit Toluol anzeotrop abdestilliert. Der Rückstand wurde bei 20 Torr auf
1500C gebracht, um auch die letzten Wasserspuren restlos zu entfernen. Der Stickstoffgehalt des Rückstandes
betrug 1,9%.
17. Ein Polyisobutylen mit einem Durchschnittsmolekulargewicht von 50 000 wurde bis zu einem
Chlorgehalt von 10 Gewichtsprozent chloriert. Dieses chlorierte Polyisobutylen wurde mit Maleinsäureanhydrid
unter Bildung des entsprechenden Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrids mit der Säurezahl 24
umgesetzt. 6000 g (2,55 Grammäquivalent) dieses Anhydrids versetzte man im Verlauf von 45 Minuten
portionsweise mit 108 g (2,55 Grammäquivalent) Tetraäthylenpentamin bei 70 bis 105° C. Die sich
ergebende Mischung wurde 4 Stunden auf 160 bis 1800C erhitzt, und Stickstoff wurde zum Austreiben
des Wassers durchgeblasen. Nach restloser Entfernung des Wassers wurde das Produkt filtriert. Das
Filtrat enthielt 0,6% Stickstoff.
Im folgenden wird die Herstellung von mit den erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Acylaminen zu vergleichenden
Acylaminen beschrieben.
A. Ein Alkenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid mit einer Alkenylgruppe mit weniger als 50 Kohlenstoffatomen
(27 C-Atomen) wurde aus einem Polyisobutylen mit einem Durchschnittsmolekulargewicht von 375 hergestellt.
Dieses Polymerisat wurde bis zu einem Chlorgehalt von 9,7% chloriert und dann mit Maleinsäureanhydrid
umgesetzt. Das sich ergebende Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid mit der Säurezahl 190
hatte ein Äquivalentgewicht von 300. Nach der Arbeitsweise der Vorschrift 1 wurden 1,0 Grammäquivalent dieses Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrids
mit 1,0 Grammäquivalent Tetraäthylenpentamin (vgl. Vorschrift 5) umgesetzt. Das Endprodukt
wurde mit Mineralöl versetzt und eine 58%ige Lösung hergestellt. Der Stickstoffgehalt betrug 3,2%·
B. Ein anderes Alkenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid mit einer weniger als 50 Kohlenstoffatome (12 C-Atome)
enthaltenden Alkenylgruppe wurde durch Alkylierung von Maleinsäureanhydrid mit Tetrapropylen hergestellt.
Äquivalente Mengen dieses Tetrapropylenbernsteinsäureanhydrids und Triäthylentetramin in
Toluol wurden auf Rückflußtemperatur erhitzt, bis sämtliches Wasser entfernt war. Das Toluol wurde
dann durch Erhitzen auf 155° C bei 20 Torr entfernt und der Rückstand in Mineralöl zu einer 60%igen
009 530/254
ίο
Lösung gelöst. Diese öllösung hatte einen Stickstoffgehalt
von 4,8%.
C. Etwa 227 Gewichtsteile (1 Mol) von technischem Triamylamin wurden in kleinen Anteilen zu etwa
266 Gewichtsteilen (1 Mol) handelsüblichen Gemisches von Alkenylbernsteinsäureanhydriden mit
C-10-C12-Alkyls'ubstituenten hinzugesetzt. Während des
Zusatzes des Amins wurde Wärme entwickelt, und das Gemisch wurde etwa 5 Minuten bei etwa 120°C
gehalten.
D. Ein handelsübliches Gemisch von Alkylbernsteinsäureanhydriden der verwendeten Art und Octadecylamin
wurden in einem molaren Verhältnis von 2:1 umgesetzt. 14,5 g Anhydrid und 5,0 g Amin wurden
giereigenschaften bedeutend verbessern, ist es doch oft notwendig, diese Dispergiermittel zusammen mit
anderen Zusatzstoffen zu benutzen, z. B. mit Metalldispergiermitteln, Korrosions- und Oxydationsschutzmitteln,
Hochdruckmitteln, Viskositätsverbesserern, Stockpunkterniedrigern, schaumverhütenden Mitteln.
Eine besonders günstige Kombination von Zusatzstoffen für Schmieröle in Motorgehäusen ist die Kombination
der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten acylierten ίο Amine mit einem Metalldispergiermittel. Solche Metalldispergiermittel
sind beispielsweise die Erdalkalisulfonate, Erdalkalisalze von Carbonsäuren und Erdalkaliphenolate.
Besonders die Erdalkalisulfonate sind
in dieser Kombination wertvoll, besonders die neuin einem Becherglas zusammen verrührt, wobei die i5 tralen und basischen alkylaromatischen Bariumsul-Reaktionswärme
die Temperatur auf etwa 8O0C stei- fonate, Calcium-Mahagonisulfonate, und die alkylgerte.
Das Gemisch wurde dann etwa 1 Stunde auf 105 aromatischen Calciumsulfonate. Der Ausdruck »babis
1100C erhitzt. sische Sulfonate« bedeutet hier, daß die Verbindungen
E. 52,6 g (0,5 Mol) des Amins der Formel einen stöchiometrischen Metallüberschuß, gewöhn-(HOCBj)3C—
NH2 und 141,2 g (0,5 Mol) ölsäure 20 Hch als Metallcarbonat, gegenüber dem Sulfonatanion
wurden in Anwesenheit von Toluol 4 Stunden bei der Verbindung enthalten.
16O0C in einem 1-1-Kolben, welcher mit Rührer, Eine andere wertvolle Kombination ist die der
Thermometer, Stickstoffeinleitungsrohr, Rückfluß- acylierten Amine mit einem Korrosionsschutzmittel,
kühler und Wasserabscheider ausgerüstet war, unter Solche Korrosionsschutzmittel sind Metallphosphor-Rückfluß
erhitzt. Es wurden etwa 16 cm3 (0,89 Mol) 25 dithionate, verschiedene Olefin-Phosphorsulfid-Re
Wasser gesammelt. Das Toluol wurde dann durch Erhitzen auf 1600C unter einem Druck von 30 Torr
entfernt, wobei ein öliges, bernsteinfarbenes, flüssiges Produkt unbestimmter Struktur zurückblieb.
aktionsprodukte und Phenolverbindungen. Ein besonders
wirksames Metallphosphordithionat ist Zinkdialkylphosphordithionat mit den Alkylgruppen C3
bis C6, und ein ähnlich wirksames Olefm-Phosphor-
F. Polyisobutylen mit einem Durchschnittsmole- 30 sulfid-Reaktionsprodukt ist ein Terpentin-Phosphor-
kulargewicht von 520 wird bis zu einem Chlorgehalt von 6,25 Gewichtsprozent chloriert und anschließend
mit einer äquimolaren Menge Maleinsäureanhydrid zu einem Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid mit
pentasulfid-Kondensat.
Die Vorteile der acylierten Amine gehen aus den Ergebnissen einer Versuchsreihe mit Mineralschmierölen
für Motorgehäuse hervor, die in Mietwagen ver
einer Verseifungszahl von 152 umgesetzt. Der Kohlen- 35 wendet wurden, welche je über 80 000 km gefahren
wasserstoff-(Polyisobutenyl-)rest enthält durchschnittlich etwa 35 C-Atome.
552 g (1,5 Grammäquivalent) dieses Polyisobutenylbernsteinsäureanhydrids,
gelöst in 276 g Mineralöl, wurden. Bei diesem Versuch wurden zehn 6-Zylinder-Chevrolet-Wagen,
Baujahr 1958 (ohne ölfilter), verwendet. In allen Fällen war das Schmieröl im Motorgehäuse
ein von Schwefel befreites »Mid-Continent-
werden bei 6O0C in einer Stunde portionsweise mit 40 Petroleumöl« mit einer Viskosität von 39,7 cSt bei
63 g (1,5 Grammäquivalent) einer Äthylenaminmischung
versetzt, deren durchschnittliche Zusammensetzung dem Tetraäthylenpentamin entspricht. Das
erhaltene Gemisch wird 6 Stunden auf 1500C erhitzt,
380C und einem Viskositätsindex von 112, welches
5,9 Volumprozent eines Polyalkylmethacrylats zur Verbesserung des Viskositätsindex, und 0,59 Volumprozent
eines Zinkdialkylphosphordithionats (mit Iso-
worauf man bei der gleichen Temperatur 1 Stunde 45 butyl- und einer Mischung primärer Amy !gruppen)
Stickstoff durchperlen läßt, Der Rückstand wird mit 145 g Mineralöl verdünnt und enthält dann 2,1 Gewichtsprozent
Stickstoff.
Die acylierten Amine werden als Dispergiermittel enthielt.
Proben des Motorgehäuseöls wurden bei jedem Ölwechsel
nach etwa 4800 km Betrieb entnommen, und diese Proben wurden gemischt. 30 cm3 dieser ge-
in Mineralschmierölen verwendet. Sie sind mit diesen 50 mischten Entnahmeproben wurden mit 1 Gewichts-
Schmierölen in allen Verhältnissen mischbar und werden gewöhnlich in Mengen von etwa 0,1 bis
5 Gewichtsprozent des Schmieröls zugesetzt. Die optimale Konzentration hängt gewöhnlich von der
Art des Mineralöls ab sowie auch von den Bedingungen, unter welchen das öl benutzt wird, und
liegen innerhalb eines engeren Bereiches von etwa 0,5 bis 3 Gewichtsprozent.
Wie bereits erwähnt, bewirken die erfindungsprozent des zu untersuchenden Dispergiermittels und 2 Gewichtsprozent Wasser versetzt. Die Mischung wurde dann mit einem hochtourigen Rührer 5 Minuten homogenisiert, in ein nach unten spitz zulaufendes, graduiertes 100-cm3-Zentrifugenglas eingefüllt und 2 Stunden bei 1500 U/Min, zentrifugiert. Die verschiedenen Dispergiermittel wurden nach dem Volumen der abgesetzten Stoffe in Kubikzentimetern und nach der Trübung der darüberliegenden ölschicht
Wie bereits erwähnt, bewirken die erfindungsprozent des zu untersuchenden Dispergiermittels und 2 Gewichtsprozent Wasser versetzt. Die Mischung wurde dann mit einem hochtourigen Rührer 5 Minuten homogenisiert, in ein nach unten spitz zulaufendes, graduiertes 100-cm3-Zentrifugenglas eingefüllt und 2 Stunden bei 1500 U/Min, zentrifugiert. Die verschiedenen Dispergiermittel wurden nach dem Volumen der abgesetzten Stoffe in Kubikzentimetern und nach der Trübung der darüberliegenden ölschicht
gemäß verwendeten acylierten Amine eine bemerkens- 60 beurteilt. Dementsprechend ergeben die wirksameren
werte Verbesserung der Dispergiereigenschaften von Mineralschmierölen. Die meisten gebräuchlichen
Schmiermittel werden jedoch unter sehr verschiedenen Bedingungen verwendet, und es ist daher notwendig,
mehr als einen Zusatzstoff zuzusetzen, um eine zufriedenstellende Wirkung zu erzielen. Obwohl
die acylierten Amine als Dispergiermittel bei niedrigen Temperaturen sehr wirksam sind und die Disper-Dispergiermittel
die kleinsten Ablagerungen bei verhältnismäßig stärkerer Trübung der ölschicht.
Die Klarheit der ölschicht wurde durch die Lichtmenge
bestimmt, die von einer 3-Volt-0,75-Watt-Glühlampe ausgesendet wurde und durch diese
Schicht durchging.
Die Versuchsergebnisse sind in Tabelle Γ wiedergegeben:
Untersuchter Zusatz
(1 Gewichtsprozent ohne Lösungsmittel) Ablagerungen von Ablaßöl Ablagerung in cm Trübung der Ulschicht
(1 Gewichtsprozent ohne Lösungsmittel) Ablagerungen von Ablaßöl Ablagerung in cm Trübung der Ulschicht
Kein Zusatz ,
Bekanntes Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift A
hergestellt
Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 5 hergestellt .
Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 3 hergestellt .
Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 1 hergestellt .
Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 2 hergestellt .
Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 6 hergestellt .
Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 3 hergestellt .
Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 1 hergestellt .
Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 2 hergestellt .
Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 6 hergestellt .
Vergleichende Prüfung der bekannten Zusatzstoffe, hergestellt nach den Vorschriften A bis E, des nicht
beanspruchten Zusatzstoffes, hergestellt nach Vorschrift F, und der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Dispergiermittel,
hergestellt nach den Vorschriften 1 bis 16
0,3
klar durchscheinend
0,3 | klar durchscheinend |
0,0 | undurchlässig |
0,0 | undurchlässig |
0,1 | undurchlässig |
0,1 | stark getrübt |
0,0 | stark, getrübt |
25
Prüfung I
Die überlegenen Dispergiereigenschaften der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten acylierten Amine werden
durch einen Oxydations-Dispergier-Versuch veranschaulicht. Bei diesem Versuch wird eine 350-cm3-Probe
eines das Dispergiermittel enthaltenden Schmieröls in ein Borsilikatrohr mit einer Länge von
381 mm und einem Durchmesser von 50,8 mm gebracht. Eine 34,9 χ 149,2 mm große Stahlplatte wird
in das öl eingetaucht. Die Probe wird dann 48 Stunden
auf 149° C erhitzt, wobei Luft mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 10 1 je Stunde durch das öl geblasen wird.
Die oxydierte Probe wird auf 49° C gekühlt, mit einem hochtourigen Rührer 5 Minuten homogenisiert, bei
Raumtemperatur 24 Stunden stehengelassen und schließlich bei 20 Torr durch zwei Schichten Whatman-Filterpapier
Nr. 1 filtriert. Das Gewicht des Niederschlags nach Waschen mit Petroleum und Trocknen
dient als Maß der Wirksamkeit des Zusatzstoffes, d. h., je größer das Gewicht des Niederschlags, desto
kleiner ist die dispergierende Wirkung.
Zwei Änderungen dieses Verfahrens sind möglich; beide machen den Versuch strenger; einerseits kann
der Versuch von 48 Stunden auf 96 Stunden ausgedehnt werden, und andererseits kann 0,5% Wasser,
bezogen auf das Gewicht der Probe, dem oxydierten öl vor der Homogenisierung zugesetzt werden.
Das bei diesem Versuch verwendete öl (Tabelle II) war ein normal raffiniertes »Mid-Continent-Petroleumöl«
mit einer Viskosität von etwa 43 cSt/38° C und einem Eisennaphthenatgehalt von 0,001 Gewichtsprozent
(zur Förderung der Oxydation).
Untersuchter Zusatz
(1,5 Gewichtsprozent ohne Verdünnungsmittel)
(1,5 Gewichtsprozent ohne Verdünnungsmittel)
Kein Zusatz
Kein Zusatz
Kein Zusatz
Bekannter Zusatz, hergestellt nach Vorschrift A ....
Bekannter Zusatz, hergestellt nach Vorschrift B
Bekannter Zusatz, hergestellt nach Vorschrift C
Bekannter Zusatz, hergestellt nach Vorschrift D
Bekannter Zusatz, hergestellt nach Vorschrift E ....
Zusatz, hergestellt nach Vorschrift F
Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 1
Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 2
Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 3
Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 4
Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 5
Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 6
Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 9
Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 10
Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 11
Änderung0): 96-Stundenversuch.
Änderung *): 0,5% Wasser wurde beim Versuch verwendet.
Zahl der C-Atome im
Kohlenwasserstoffsubstituenten
der Bernsteinsäure
27
12
10 bis 12
10 bis 12
10 bis 12
35
60
60
60
60
60
60
57
61
66
60
60
60
60
60
60
57
61
66
Ergebnisse des Oxydations-Dispergierversuches
mg Ablagerung Versuchsmenge 100 ml öl
144 275
1000")") 738 10606)
8456) 496b) 642")
. 970") 0,7") 0,7b) 1,0") 1,2")
1,5") 0,T) 0,5») 3,2")
10,26)
Fortsetzung
Untersuchter Zusatz (1,5 Gewichtsprozent ohne Verdünnungsmittel) |
Zahl der C-Atome im Kohlen wasserstoffsubstituenten der Bernsteinsäure |
Ergebnisse des Oxydations-Dispergierversuches mg Ablagerung Versuchsmenge 100 ml öl |
Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 12 Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 13 Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 14 Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 14 Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 14 Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 15 Dispergiermittel nach Vorschrift 16 |
125 125 60 60 60 60 60 |
19,5") 2,7") 0,3 1,2") 1,7")") 1,3") 0,9") |
Änderung a); 96-Stundenversuch.
Änderung b): 0,5% Wasser wurde beim Versuch verwendet.
Die Versuchsergebnisse zeigen eindeutig die Überlegenheit
der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Dispergiermittel.
Prüfung II
Die Wirkung von erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Dispergiermitteln in Motorölen wird mit Hilfe eines
modifizierten CRC-EX-3-Motorversuchs untersucht. Dieser Versuch ist in einer Veröffentlichung »Deposition
in Stop- and Go-Type Service. Comparison of BX-3 and Field Test Results, Appendix C, Coordinating
Research Council, November 25, 1952« beschrieben. Dieser Versuch dient zur Beuretilung für
unter bezüglich der mechanischen und thermischen Belastung leichten Bedingungen arbeitende Schmiermittel.
Hierbei wird das Schmiermittel im Motorgehäuse eines 6-Zylinder-»Chevrolet Powerglide Motors«,
Baujahr 1954, 144 Stunden unter sich zyklisch wiederholenden Bedingungen verwendet, wobei jeder
Zyklus sich folgendermaßen zusammensetzt:
2 Stunden bei einer Motordrehzahl von 500 ± 25 U/ Min., ohne Belastung, bei einer ölsumpftemperatur
von 37,8 bis 51,70C, Verhältnis Luft zu Kraftstoff
10:1; danach 2 Stunden bei einer Motordrehzahl von 2500 ± 25 U/Min., unter einer Belastung von 40 Brems-PS,
bei einer ölsumpftemperatur von 71,1 bis 76,7° C, Verhältnis Luft zu Kraftstoff 16:1; schließlich 2 Stunden
bei einer Motordrehzahl von 2500 ± 25 U/Min., unter einer Belastung von 40 Brems-PS, bei einer ölsumpftemperatur
von 115,6 bis 121,1° C, Verhältnis Luft zu Kraftstoff 16:1.
Nach Beendigung des Versuchslaufes wird der Motor jeweils auseinandergenommen. Die einzelnen
Teile werden auf Ablagerungen untersucht. Das Dispergiermittel im Motoröl wird dann nach folgenden
Gesichtspunkten beurteilt:
35
1. Füllung der Kolbenringnuten,
2. Schlammenge im Motor (Maßstab 80 bis 0, wobei 80 keinen Schlamm und 0 sehr starke
Schlammbildung bedeutet) und
3. Gesamtmenge der Ablagerungen, d. h. Schlamm und Lack, im Motor (Maßstab 100 bis 0, wobei
100 keine Ablagerungen und 0 sehr starke Ablagerungen bedeutet).
Die Ergebnisse sind in der nachstehenden Tabelle III
zusammengefaßt.
Der Versuch dauert normalerweise 96 Stunden.
Der Versuch dauert normalerweise 96 Stunden.
Geprüftes Schmiermittel | Kolbenringnutfüllung | Schlammenge im Motor |
Gesamtablagerungen |
1. Schmieröl + 2,33 Gewichtsprozent des Dispergier mittels nach Vorschrift 7 (57 C-Atome) . 2. Schmieröl + 2,33 Gewichtsprozent des Dispergier mittels nach Vorschrift 8 (57 C-Atome) 3. Schmieröl + 2,33 Gewichtsprozent des Zusatz stoffes F |
1°/ L /0 0 3 /0 |
76,9 73,1 -68,8 |
95,7 91,3 82,6 |
Aus den in dieser Tabelle aufgeführten Werten ist
zu ersehen, daß die beiden ersten Schmiermittel mit den erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Dispergiermitteln,
die mehr als 50 C-Atome im Kohlenwasserstoffrest der Bernsteinsäure enthalten, hinsichtlich der im
gegebenen Zusammenhang interessierenden Eigenschaften dem dritten Schmieröl weit überlegen sind,
das ein acyliertes Amin enthält, welches sich von den in den beiden ersten Schmierölen enthaltenden Zusätzen
nur dadurch unterscheidet, daß der Kohlenwasserstoffrest der Bernsteinsäure, von der es sich
ableitet, nur etwa 35 C-Atome enthält.
Claims (1)
15
Patentanspruch:
Verwendung von öllöslichen acylierten Aminen, die durch Kondensation einer substituierten Bernsteinsäure
der allgemeinen Formel 5
R
CHCOOH
CHCOOH
CH2COOH
oder deren Anhydrid der allgemeinen Formel R
CH- CO
IO
aliphatischer oder ein von einem Mischpolymerisat aus Styrol und einem Olefin, welches mehr als
90% Olefineinheiten enthält, abgeleiteter Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit mindestens 50 C-Atomen ist,
mit mindestens der halben äquivalenten Menge, vorzugsweise mit der äquivalenten Menge eines
Äthylenamins der allgemeinen Formel
H2N-
/CH,- CH- NH \ — H
CH2CO
in der R ein von einem Polyolefin abgeleiteter 20 in der χ eine ganze Zahl und R1 einen niedrigmolekularen Alkylrest oder ein Wasserstoffatom bedeutet, oder deren technischen Gemischen bei Temperaturen von 80 bis 200° C unter Entfernung des bei der Reaktion gebildeten Wassers hergestellt worden sind, als Zusatz in Schmiermitteln auf Mineralschmierölbasis.
in der R ein von einem Polyolefin abgeleiteter 20 in der χ eine ganze Zahl und R1 einen niedrigmolekularen Alkylrest oder ein Wasserstoffatom bedeutet, oder deren technischen Gemischen bei Temperaturen von 80 bis 200° C unter Entfernung des bei der Reaktion gebildeten Wassers hergestellt worden sind, als Zusatz in Schmiermitteln auf Mineralschmierölbasis.
009 530/254
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
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Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1794292B1 true DE1794292B1 (de) | 1970-07-23 |
Family
ID=27537768
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DENDAT1248643D Pending DE1248643B (de) | 1959-03-30 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von öllöslichen aeylierten Aminen | |
DE19601794292D Pending DE1794292B1 (de) | 1959-03-30 | 1960-01-07 | Schmiermittel auf Mineralschmieroelbasis |
DE1965L0050105 Pending DE1570871A1 (de) | 1959-03-30 | 1965-03-02 | Verfahren zur Herstellung stickstoffhaltiger Massen,welche als Zusaetze in Kohlenwasserstoffoelen brauchbar sind |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DENDAT1248643D Pending DE1248643B (de) | 1959-03-30 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von öllöslichen aeylierten Aminen |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE1965L0050105 Pending DE1570871A1 (de) | 1959-03-30 | 1965-03-02 | Verfahren zur Herstellung stickstoffhaltiger Massen,welche als Zusaetze in Kohlenwasserstoffoelen brauchbar sind |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US3172892A (de) |
DE (3) | DE1794292B1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR1432851A (de) |
GB (1) | GB922831A (de) |
NL (1) | NL6502540A (de) |
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WO2024163826A1 (en) | 2023-02-03 | 2024-08-08 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Processes for producing reaction products including quaternary ammonium salts |
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US2490744A (en) * | 1947-02-08 | 1949-12-06 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Antirust agent |
US2604451A (en) * | 1948-09-16 | 1952-07-22 | Gulf Research Development Co | Mineral oil compositions |
US2638450A (en) * | 1950-01-17 | 1953-05-12 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Reaction products of nu-alkylated polyalkylenepolyamines and alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides |
US2833757A (en) * | 1953-10-12 | 1958-05-06 | Atlas Powder Co | N-cyanoalkyl hexityl amines |
US3004987A (en) * | 1957-08-15 | 1961-10-17 | Monsanto Chemicals | Acyclic substituted succinic anhydride condensed with diamines |
NL255193A (de) * | 1959-08-24 | |||
NL255194A (de) * | 1959-08-24 | |||
NL255251A (de) * | 1959-08-28 | |||
US3029250A (en) * | 1959-09-03 | 1962-04-10 | Monsanto Chemicals | Succinimide compounds |
-
0
- DE DENDAT1248643D patent/DE1248643B/de active Pending
-
1959
- 1959-03-30 US US80266759 patent/US3172892A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1959-12-23 GB GB43717/59A patent/GB922831A/en not_active Expired
-
1960
- 1960-01-07 DE DE19601794292D patent/DE1794292B1/de active Pending
-
1961
- 1961-07-21 US US12680961 patent/US3219666A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1964
- 1964-03-02 US US348760A patent/US3278550A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1965
- 1965-03-01 FR FR7499A patent/FR1432851A/fr not_active Expired
- 1965-03-01 NL NL6502540A patent/NL6502540A/xx unknown
- 1965-03-02 DE DE1965L0050105 patent/DE1570871A1/de active Pending
- 1965-07-01 US US468948A patent/US3341542A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US3341542A (en) | 1967-09-12 |
US3172892A (en) | 1965-03-09 |
GB922831A (en) | 1963-04-03 |
FR1432851A (fr) | 1966-03-25 |
NL6502540A (de) | 1965-09-03 |
US3219666A (en) | 1965-11-23 |
DE1248643B (de) | 1967-08-31 |
DE1570871A1 (de) | 1970-02-26 |
US3278550A (en) | 1966-10-11 |
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