EP3315591A1 - Energieeffiziente schmiermittelzusammensetzungen - Google Patents

Energieeffiziente schmiermittelzusammensetzungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3315591A1
EP3315591A1 EP16196286.5A EP16196286A EP3315591A1 EP 3315591 A1 EP3315591 A1 EP 3315591A1 EP 16196286 A EP16196286 A EP 16196286A EP 3315591 A1 EP3315591 A1 EP 3315591A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acid
oils
linear
branched
range
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP16196286.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Karolin Geyer
Thomas Weiss
Nawid Kashani
Frank Rittig
Arjun K GOYAL
Quinggao Philip MA
Jan Strittmatter
Markus Scherer
Thomas Ruehle
Vasudevan Balasubramaniam
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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Priority to EP16196286.5A priority Critical patent/EP3315591A1/de
Publication of EP3315591A1 publication Critical patent/EP3315591A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/2815—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/2825—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/301—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/107—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106
    • C10M2209/1075—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106 used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/66—Hydrolytic stability
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/68—Shear stability
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/06—Instruments or other precision apparatus, e.g. damping fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
    • C10N2040/13—Aircraft turbines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
    • C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/46—Textile oils

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an energy efficient lubricant concentrate comprising at least one alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran and at least one ester of a dicarboxylic acid.
  • the present invention further relates to the use of the lubricant concentrate in the lubricant compositions for reducing friction.
  • Lubricating oil compositions are used in a variety of applications, such as industrial applications, transportation, manufacturing equipment and engines.
  • Industrial applications comprise of applications such as hydraulic oil, air compressor oil, gas compressor oil, gear oil, bearing and circulating system oil, refrigerator compressor oil and steam and gas turbine oils.
  • Lubricants reduce friction as their primary role in the base case. Using energy efficient lubricants will enable engines and machines to operate at maximum efficiency and with optimal cost. With proper lubrication, energy savings are possible with all types of industrial equipment. For example, selection of an energy efficient turbine lubricant helps the equipment perform under the most demanding conditions and has a direct impact on the reliability and profitability of a power generation operation. Issues such as higher temperatures in bearings can be resolved effectively by using energy efficient lubricants. In hydraulics/circulating applications, advanced high viscosity index (VI) fluids manage balance of mechanical and volumetric efficiency in pressurized pumps for instance, that lead to reduced energy at start up and improved lubrication at high temperature of operation.
  • VI viscosity index
  • Proper lubrication can reduce frictional losses, increase energy efficiency and help extend the life of the machine. Optimized friction control results in less equipment wear and more productivity, along with reduced maintenance downtime and expense. Reduced energy consumption also results in fewer carbon emissions, which is key for environmental protection and business sustainability goals.
  • the efficiency of a machine or an equipment can be increased if losses are minimized.
  • the losses can be categorized in losses without and with load, their sum being the total losses.
  • lubricant viscosity has a major effect on losses without load, i.e. spilling: Losses with load can be influenced by a low friction coefficient. Thus, at a given viscosity, energy efficiency strongly depends on the friction coefficient measured for a lubricant.
  • the friction coefficient can be measured with several methods like Mini-Traction-Machine (MTM), SRV, 2 disc test rig etc.
  • MTM Mini-Traction-Machine
  • SRV Spin-V
  • 2 disc test rig etc.
  • the benefit of a MTM is that one can see the coefficient of friction as an influence of the slide roll ratio.
  • Slide roll ratio describes the difference of the speeds of ball and disc used in the MTM.
  • EP 1 076 072 A1 discloses polyethers derived from polytetrahydrofuran and mixtures of 1,2-epoxybutane and 1,2-epoxydodecane. These compounds are formulated into gasoline fuels to reduce the deposits in an injector.
  • US 2012/0295827 discloses a lubricant composition with enhanced energy efficiency containing a base oil selected from a complex ester having a kinematic viscosity at 40°C of greater than 400 and up to 50000 mm 2 /s, in an amount of 1% - 99.9 % by weight of the total weight of the lubricant.
  • the said lubricant is used for the lubrication of gears of wind turbines.
  • the lubricant composition works only in a particular range of highly viscous oils.
  • WO 2014/139935 A1 describes polyethers that are prepared by alkoxylating polytetrahydrofuran with butylene oxide for use in lubricant compositions and/or for reducing friction in a driveline.
  • WO 2014/184062 A1 relates to lubricating oil compositions comprising one or more polytetrahydrofurans that are prepared by alkoxylating polytetrahydrofuran with at least one C 8 -C 30 epoxy alkane.
  • WO 2014/005932 A1 is directed to the use of carboxylic acid esters which are obtained by reacting aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and a mixture of structurally different monoalcohols having 10 carbon atoms as lubricants and a process for their preparation.
  • WO 2014/184068 A1 relates to a method for reducing the friction coefficient of a lubricating oil composition in the lubrication of a mechanical device comprises formulating said lubricating oil composition with a carboxylic acid ester obtainable by reacting a mixture comprising at least on dicarboxylic acid and at least one branched C 10 alcohol.
  • EP 2 721 129 A1 relates to an ester-based lubricant composition which exhibits enhanced hydrolytic stability, comprising polyalkylene glycols, ester base oils and additives.
  • ester-based lubricant composition which exhibits enhanced hydrolytic stability, comprising polyalkylene glycols, ester base oils and additives.
  • all of these patent applications are totally silent about combining polyethers and esters in a specific weight ration to arrive at a superior friction reducing effect.
  • compositions comprising the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran and carboxylic acid ester exhibit super-additive or synergistic effect when the components are combined in certain ratios. Further, the addition of alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran and certain carboxylic acid esters to the lubricant composition has no adverse effect on the viscosity of the lubricant oil.
  • the presently claimed invention is directed to a lubricant concentrate (LC) comprising
  • the weight ratio of (a) : (b) is in the range of 99.9 : 0.1, 99 : 1 to 1 : 99, more preferably in the range of 95:5 to 5:95, even more preferably in the range of 90:10 to 10:90, still more preferably in the range of 80:20 to 20:80, yet more preferably in the range of 60:40 to 40:60, most preferably in the range of 60:40 to 40:60 and in particular 1:1.
  • the friction lowering efficiency of the composition is super-additive (synergistic) relative to the friction lowering efficiency of the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran or carboxylic acid esters, alone.
  • alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran (a) and the carboxylic acid ester (b) that is used according to the present invention reduces the friction and therefore additional friction-reducers are not required in lubricant compositions according to the present invention.
  • lubricant lubricant concentrate
  • lubricant composition a substance or mixture of substances capable of reducing friction between surfaces.
  • linear denotes a chain of atoms with no side chains attached to it.
  • branched denotes a chain of atoms with one or more side chains attached to it. Branching occurs by the replacement of a substituent, e.g., a hydrogen atom, with a covalently bonded alkyl radical.
  • Alkyl denotes a moiety constituted solely of atoms of carbon and of hydrogen.
  • energy efficient lubricant means a lubricant, lubricant concentrate and lubricant composition, respectively, which reduces friction.
  • synergistic or super additive means an effect which is greater than the effect resulting from the sum of the effects of the individual compounds, i.e. the sum of the effects of the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran of general formula (I) and the carboxylic acid ester (b).
  • M n represents the number average molecular weight and is determined according to DIN 55672-1 and referred to polystyrene calibration standard.
  • M w ' represents the weight average molecular weight and is determined according to DIN 55672-1 and referred to polystyrene calibration standard.
  • the presently claimed invention is directed to a lubricant composition
  • a lubricant composition comprising ⁇ 1.0 to ⁇ 90.0 % by weight of the lubricant concentrate (LC) as described herein; ⁇ 10.0 to ⁇ 75.0% by weight of at least one base oil (c) selected from Group I mineral oils, Group II mineral oils, Group III mineral oils, Group IV oils and Group V oils and; ⁇ 0.1 to ⁇ 15.0 % by weight of at least one additive component (d), in each case by weight of the total weight of lubricant composition.
  • LC lubricant concentrate
  • alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran of the present invention are the compounds of the general formula (I) wherein
  • Alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurans are inter alia described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,423,107 B1 .
  • the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran (a) has a kinematic viscosity in the range of ⁇ 25 mm 2 /s to ⁇ 150 mm 2 /s, more preferably in the range of ⁇ 30 mm 2 /s to ⁇ 130 mm 2 /s, at 100° C, determined according to ASTM D 445.
  • the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran (a) has a pour point in the range of ⁇ - 60° C to ⁇ 20° C, more preferably in the range of ⁇ - 50° C to ⁇ 15° C, determined according to DIN ISO 3016.
  • the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran (a) has a weight average molecular weight M w in the range of 500 to 20000 g/mol, preferably in the range of 1000 to 20000 g/mol, more preferably in the range of 1500 to 12500 g/mol, determined, determined according to DIN 55672-1 (polystyrene calibration standard).
  • the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran (a) has a polydispersity in the range of 1.05 to 1.60, more preferably in the range of 1.05 to 1.50, most preferably in the range of 1.05 to 1.45, determined according to DIN 55672-1.
  • k is in the range of ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 28, more preferably k is in the range of ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 26, most preferably in the range of ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 24, even more preferably in the range of ⁇ 6 to ⁇ 20.
  • m is in the range of ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 40, more preferably a in the range of ⁇ 2 to ⁇ 30, even more preferably m in the range of ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 25 and most preferably in the range of ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 25.
  • m' is in the range of ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 40, more preferably a in the range of ⁇ 2 to ⁇ 30, even more preferably m in the range of ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 25 and most preferably in the range of ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 25.
  • (m+m') is in the range of ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 60, more preferably (m+m') is in the range of ⁇ 6 to ⁇ 50, even more preferably (m+m') is in the range of ⁇ 10 to ⁇ 45.
  • the ratio of (m+m') to k is in the range of 0.3:1 to 6:1, more preferably in the range of 0.3:1 to 5:1, most preferably in the range of 0.3:1 to 4:1, even more preferably in the range of 0.3:1 to 3:1.
  • n is in the range of ⁇ 2 to ⁇ 40, more preferably in the range of ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 40, even more preferably in the range of ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 40.
  • n' is in the range of ⁇ 2 to ⁇ 40, more preferably in the range of ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 40, even more preferably in the range of ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 40.
  • (n+n') is in the range of ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 80, more preferably (n+n') in the range of ⁇ 6 to ⁇ 78, even more preferably (n+n') in the range of ⁇ 10 to ⁇ 75.
  • R 1 denotes, identically, an unsubstituted, linear or branched C 6 , C 7 , C 8 , C 9 , C 10 , C 11 , C 12 , C 13 , C 14 , C 15 , C 16 , C 17 , C 18 , C 19 , C 20 , C 21 , C 22 , C 23 , C 24 , C 25 , C 26 , C 27 or C 28 alkyl group. More preferably R 1 denotes, identical, unsubstituted, linear C 6 , C 7 , C 8 , C 9 , C 10 , C 11 , C 12 , C 13 , C 14 , C 15 , C 16 , C 17 or C 18 alkyl. Even more preferably R 1 denotes, identical, unsubstituted, linear C 8 , C 9 , C 10 , C 11 , C 12 alkyl group.
  • R 2 denotes CH 2 -CH 3 or CH 3 .
  • R 3 and R 4 denote identically H or CH 3 , more preferably R 3 and R 4 denote identically H.
  • alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran (a) comprises units, wherein R 2 denotes CH 2 -CH 3 or CH 3 , the ratio of (n+n') to k is in the range of 1.5:1 to 10:1, more preferably in the range of 1.5:1 to 7:1, most preferably in the range of 2:1 to 6:1.
  • the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurans (a) are obtained by reacting at least one polytetrahydrofuran block polymer with at least one C 8 -C 30 epoxy alkane and optionally at least one epoxide selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide in the presence of at least one catalyst.
  • the at least one C 8 -C 30 epoxy alkane and the at least one epoxide selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide can either be added as a mixture of epoxides to obtain a random copolymer or in portions, whereby each portion contains a different epoxide, to obtain a block copolymer.
  • the at least one C 8 -C 30 epoxy alkane is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-epoxyoctane; 1,2-epoxynonane; 1,2-epoxydecane; 1,2-epoxyundecane; 1,2-epoxydodecane; 1,2-epoxytridecane; 1,2-epoxytetradecane; 1,2-epoxypentadecane; 1,2-epoxyhexadecane; 1,2-epoxyheptadecane; 1,2-epoxyoctadecane; 1,2-epoxynonadecane; 1,2-epoxylcosane; 1,2-epoxyunicosane; 1,2-epoxydocosane; 1,2-epoxytricosane; 1,2-epoxytetracosane; 1,2-epoxypentacosane; 1,2-epoxyhexacosane; 1,2-epoxyheptacosane; 1,1,2-
  • the at least one catalyst is a base or a double metal cyanide catalyst (DMC catalyst). More preferably the at least one catalyst is selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide and barium hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxides such as lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide and cesium hydroxide and alkali metal alkoxylates such as potassium tert-butoxylate. Most preferably the at least one catalyst is sodium hydroxide or potassium tert-butoxylate. Most preferably the at least one catalyst is potassium tert-butoxylate.
  • DMC catalyst double metal cyanide catalyst
  • any inert solvents capable of dissolving alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran and polytetrahydrofuran may be used as solvents during the reaction or as solvents required for working up the reaction mixture in cases where the reaction is carried out without solvents.
  • the following solvents are mentioned as examples: methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone, methylisobutyl ketone, ethyl acetate and isobutyl acetate.
  • the amount of catalysts used is preferably in the range from 0.01 to 1.0 %, more preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.5 % by weight, based on the total amount of the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran.
  • the reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature in the range of 70 to 200° C, more preferably from 100 to 160° C.
  • the pressure is preferably in the range from 1 bar to 150 bar, more preferably in the range from 2 to 30 bar.
  • Such compounds are generally known and can be prepared, for example, by the process described in EP 0 862 947 B1 by combining the aqueous solution of a water-soluble metal salt with the aqueous solution of a hexacyanometallate compound, in particular of a salt or an acid, and, if necessary, adding a water-soluble ligand thereto either during or after the combination of the two solutions.
  • DMC catalysts are usually prepared as a solid and used as such.
  • the catalyst is typically used as powder or in suspension.
  • the DMC catalyst is dispersed with an Inert or non-inert suspension medium which can be, for example, the product to be produced or an intermediate by suitable measures, e.g. milling.
  • the suspension produced in this way is used, if appropriate after removal of interfering amounts of water by methods known to those skilled in the art, e.g. stripping with or without use of inert gases such as nitrogen and/or noble gases.
  • Suitable suspension media are, for example, toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, 2-methylpentanone, cyclohexanone and also polyether alcohols according to the invention and mixtures thereof.
  • the catalyst is preferably used in a suspension in a polyol as described, for example, in EP 0 090 444 A , which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • At least one carboxylic acid ester (b) is obtainable by reacting
  • the at least one carboxylic acid ester (b) is obtainable by reacting
  • the at least one carboxylic acid ester (b) is obtainable by reacting
  • the at least one carboxylic acid ester (b) is obtainable by reacting at least one linear C 3 -C 20 dicarboxylic acid with at least one linear or branched C 1 -C 20 monoalcohol.
  • the at least one carboxylic acid ester (b) is obtainable by reacting at least one C 3 -C 12 dicarboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, brassilic acid, docdecanedioic acid, diglycolic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and 2,6-decahydronaphthalenedicarboxylic acid with at least one branched C 5 -C 14 monoalcohol selected from the group consisting of pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, iso-pentanol, iso-hexanol, iso-heptanol, 2-ethylhexanol, 2-propylheptanol, 2-propyl
  • the carboxylic ester preferably is derived from the reaction of a carboxylic acid with a linear or branched aliphatic alcohol.
  • Guerbet alcohols Another preferred group of alcohols is derived from the so-called Guerbet alcohols represented by general formula (III).
  • the trivial name of Guerbet alcohol is used for 2-alkyl-substituted 1-alkanols whose industrial synthesis is described inter alia in H. Machemer, Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 64, pages 213-220 (1952 ) and in G. Dieckelmann and H.J. Heinz in "The Basics of Industrial Oleochemistry", pages 145-145 (1988 ). where p may be 1, 2, 3, 4.
  • the Guerbet alcohol is selected from 2-ethylhexanol, 2-propylheptanol, 2-butyl-1-octanol and 2-pentyl-1-nonanol.
  • the carboxylic acid ester (b) is selected from the list consisting of methyloleate, 2-ethylhexyloleate, 2-ethylhexylpalmitate, 2-ethylhexylstearate, and mixtures thereof.
  • the carboxylic acid ester (b) is selected from the list consisting of di-(2-propylheptyl)adipate (DPHA), di-isononyladipate (DNA), di-(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (DOA), di-(2-propylheptyl)phthalate (DPHP), di-isodecyl adipate (DIDA) and di-isotridecyl adipate (DITA) and mixtures thereof.
  • DPHA di-(2-propylheptyl)adipate
  • DNA di-isononyladipate
  • DOA di-(2-ethylhexyl)adipate
  • DPHP di-(2-propylheptyl)phthalate
  • DIDA di-isodecyl adipate
  • DITA di-isotridecyl adipate
  • the carboxylic acid ester (b) can be a trimethylol propane-type ester formed from trimethylol propane and a mixture of C 8 -C 10 linear fatty acid and adipic acid, which is commercially available as Synative ® ES 3345 (from BASF SE).
  • the carboxylic acid ester (b) can be a trimethylol propane-type ester, formed from trimethylol propane and C 8 -C 10 fatty acid, which is commercially available as Synative ® ES 2925 (from BASF SE).
  • the carboxylic acid ester (b) is selected from the list consisting of methyl oleate, trimethylolpropane-type ester, formed from trimethylol propane and C 8 -C 10 fatty acid, di-(2-propylheptyl)-adipate, di-isodecyl adipate, diisotridecyl adipate, and diisononyladipate and mixtures thereof.
  • the carboxylic acid ester (b) has a kinematic viscosity according to DIN 51562-1 in the range of from 2 to 120 mm 2 /s at 100°C.
  • LC lubricant concentrate
  • lubricant concentrate comprising at least one alkoxylated polyether of general formula (I) and at least one carboxylic acid ester is further added at least one base oil (c) and optionally at least one additive component (d) to prepare the lubricant compositions.
  • the base oil (c) is selected from the group consisting of Group I mineral oils, Group II mineral oils, Group III mineral oils and Group IV oils and Group V oils.
  • Base oils Definitions for the base oils according to the present invention are the same as those found in the American Petroleum Institute (API) publication "Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System", Industry Services Department, Fourteenth Edition, December 1996, Addendum 1, December 1998 . Said publication categorizes base stocks as follows: a) Group I base oils contain less than 90 percent saturates and/or greater than 0.03 percent sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120 using the test methods specified in the following table. Group I base oils can comprise light overhead cuts and heavier side cuts from a vacuum distillation column and can also include, for example, Light Neutral, Medium Neutral, and Heavy Neutral base stocks.
  • the petroleum derived base oil also may include residual stocks or bottoms fractions, such as, for example, bright stock.
  • Bright stock is a high viscosity base oil which has been conventionally produced from residual stocks or bottoms and has been highly refined and dewaxed. Bright stock can have a kinematic viscosity greater than about 180 cSt at 40° C, or even greater than about 250 cSt at 40° C, or even ranging from about 500 to about 1100 cSt at 40° C.
  • the one or more base oils can be a blend or mixture of one or more than one Group I base oils having different molecular weights and viscosities, wherein the blend is processed in any suitable manner to create a base oil having suitable properties (such as the viscosity and TBN values, discussed above) for use in a marine diesel engine.
  • Group II base oils contain greater than or equal to 90 percent saturates and less than or equal to 0.03 percent sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120 using the test methods specified in the following table.
  • Group III base oils contain greater than or equal to 90 percent saturates and less than or equal to 0.03 percent sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 120 using the test methods specified in the following table.
  • Group III base oils derived from petroleum oils are severely hydrotreated mineral oils. Hydrotreating involves reacting hydrogen with the basestock to be treated to remove heteroatoms from the hydrocarbon, reduce olefins and aromatics to alkanes and cycloparaffins respectively, and in very severe hydrotreating, open up naphthenic ring structures to non-cyclic normal and iso-alkanes ("paraffins").
  • Analytical Methods for Base oils Property Test Method Saturates ASTM D 2007 Viscosity Index ASTM D 2270 Sulfur ASTM D 2622 ASTM D 4294 ASTM D 4927 ASTM D 3120 d)
  • Group IV base oils contain polyalphaolefins.
  • Synthetic lower viscosity fluids suitable for the present invention include the polyalphaolefins (PAOs) and the synthetic oils from the hydrocracking or hydro-isomerization of Fischer Tropsch high boiling fractions including waxes. These are both base oils comprised of saturates with low impurity levels consistent with their synthetic origin.
  • the hydro-isomerized Fischer Tropsch waxes are highly suitable base oils, comprising saturated components of iso-paraffinic character (resulting from the isomerization of the predominantly n-paraffins of the Fischer Tropsch waxes) which give a good blend of high viscosity index and low pour point.
  • Processes for the hydro-isomerization of Fischer Tropsch waxes are described in U.S. Patents 5,362,378 ; 5,565,086 ; 5,246,566 and 5,135,638 , as well in EP 710710 , EP 321302 and EP 321304 .
  • Polyalphaolefins suitable for the lubricant compositions according to the present invention include known PAO materials which typically comprise relatively low molecular weight hydrogenated polymers or oligomers of alphaolefins which include but are not limited to C 2 to about C 32 alphaolefins with the C 8 to about C 16 alphaolefins, such as 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene and the like being preferred.
  • the preferred polyalphaolefins are poly-1-octene, poly-1-decene, and poly-1-dodecene, although the dimers of higher olefins in the range of C 14 to C 18 provide low viscosity base stocks.
  • PAO 2 refers to the class of polyalphaolefins which typically has viscosity in the range of 2 mm 2 /s at 100°C.
  • a variety of commercially available compositions are available for these specifications.
  • Low viscosity PAO fluids suitable for the lubricant compositions according to the present invention may be conveniently made by the polymerization of an alphaolefin in the presence of a polymerization catalyst such as the Friedel-Crafts catalysts including, for example, aluminum trichloride, boron trifluoride or complexes of boron trifluoride with water, alcohols such as ethanol, propanol or butanol, carboxylic acids or esters such as ethyl acetate or ethyl propionate.
  • a polymerization catalyst such as the Friedel-Crafts catalysts including, for example, aluminum trichloride, boron trifluoride or complexes of boron trifluoride with water, alcohols such as ethanol, propanol or butanol, carboxylic acids or esters such as ethyl acetate or ethyl propionate.
  • Group V base oils contain any base stocks not described by Groups I to IV. Examples of Group V base oils include alkyl naphthalenes, alkylene oxide polymers, silicone oils, and phosphate esters.
  • Synthetic base oils include hydrocarbon oils and halo-substituted hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polypropylenes, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, chlorinated polybutylenes, poly(1-hexenes), poly(1-octenes), poly(1-decenes)); alkylbenzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di(2-ethylhexyl)benzenes); polyphenyls (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenols); and alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and derivative, analogs and homologs thereof.
  • polymerized and interpolymerized olefins e.g., poly
  • Alkylene oxide polymers and interpolymers and derivatives thereof where the terminal hydroxyl groups have been modified by esterification, etherification, etc. constitute another class of known synthetic base oils. These are exemplified by polyoxyalkylene polymers prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, and the alkyl and aryl ethers of polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g., methyl-polyiso-propylene glycol ether having a molecular weight of 1000 or diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1000 to 1500); and mono- and polycarboxylic esters thereof, for example, the acetic acid esters, mixed C 3 -C 8 fatty acid esters and C 13 Oxo acid diester of tetraethylene glycol.
  • polyoxyalkylene polymers prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide
  • alkyl and aryl ethers of polyoxyalkylene polymers e.g., methyl-
  • Silicon-based oils such as the polyalkyl-, polyaryl-, polyalkoxy- or polyaryloxysilicone oils and silicate oils comprise another useful class of synthetic base oils; such base oils include tetraethyl silicate, tetraisopropyl silicate, tetra-(2- ethylhexyl)silicate, tetra-(4-methyl-2-ethylhexyl)silicate, tetra-(p-tert-butyl-phenyl) silicate, hexa-(4-methyl-2-ethylhexyl)disiloxane and poly(methylphenyl)siloxanes.
  • base oils include tetraethyl silicate, tetraisopropyl silicate, tetra-(2- ethylhexyl)silicate, tetra-(4-methyl-2-ethylhexyl)silicate, t
  • Other synthetic base oils include liquid esters of phosphorous-containing acids (e.g., tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, diethyl ester of decylphosphonic acid) and polymeric tetrahydrofurans.
  • base oils such as diester of a dicarboxylic acid are excluded from the category of base oil.
  • base oil (c) does not encompass carboxylic acid esters (b).
  • the base oil (c) is a Group IV Base oil.
  • the base oil (c) is polyalphaolefin (PAO), more preferably PAO 4, PAO 6 and PAO 8.
  • PAO polyalphaolefin
  • the lubricating oil composition of the invention optionally further includes at least one other additive.
  • the additive component is selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, dispersants, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, seal swelling agents, friction reducers, anti-wear agents, detergents, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure agents, metal deactivators, rust inhibitors, pour point depressants and mixtures thereof.
  • the additive component as used in the present invention also includes an additive package and/or performance additives.
  • the additive package as used in the present invention as well as the compounds relating to performance additives are considered mixtures of additives that are typically used in lubricant compositions in limited amounts for mechanically, physically or chemically stabilizing the lubricant compositions while special performance characteristics can be further established by the individual or combined presence of such selected additives.
  • Additive packages are separately defined in the present invention since a variety of such additive packages are commercially available and typically used in lubricant compositions.
  • One such preferred additive package that is commercially available is marketed under the name Anglamol6004J ® .
  • the individual components contained in the additive packages and/or the compounds further defined in the present invention as so-called performance additives include a larger number of different types of additives including dispersants, metal deactivators, detergents, extreme pressure agents (typically boron- and/or sulfur- and/or phosphorus- containing), anti-wear agents, antioxidants (such as hindered phenols, aminic antioxidants or molybdenum compounds), corrosion inhibitors, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, pour point depressants, seal swelling agents, friction modifiers and mixtures thereof.
  • the additive component (d) as the sum of all additives contained in the lubricant compositions according to the present invention also including all additives contained in an additive package or added separately is present in the lubricant compositions according to the present invention in an amount of 0.0 to 15 wt. %, preferably 0.1 to 15 wt. %.
  • Extreme pressure agents include compounds containing boron and/or sulfur and/or phosphorus.
  • the extreme pressure agent may be present in the lubricant compositions at 0 % by weight to 10 % by weight, or 0.05 % by weight to 10 % by weight, or 0.1 % by weight to 8 % by weight of the lubricant composition.
  • the extreme pressure agent is a sulfur-containing compound.
  • the sulfur-containing compound may be a sulfurised olefin, a polysulfide, or mixtures thereof.
  • the sulfurised olefin include a sulfurised olefin derived from propylene, isobutylene, pentene; an organic sulfide and/or polysulfide including benzyldisulfide; bis-(chlorobenzyl) disulfide; dibutyl tetrasulfide; di-tertiary butyl polysulfide; and sulfurised methyl ester of oleic acid, a sulfurised alkylphenol, a sulfurised dipentene, a sulfurised terpene, a sulfurised Diels-Alder adduct, an alkyl sulphenyl N'N- dialkyl dithiocarbamates; or mixtures thereof.
  • the sulfurised olefin includes a sulfurised olefin derived from propylene, isobutylene, pentene or mixtures thereof.
  • the extreme pressure agent sulfur-containing compound includes a dimercaptothiadiazole or derivative, or mixtures thereof.
  • dimercaptothiadiazole include compounds such as 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole or a hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, or oligomers thereof.
  • the oligomers of hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole typically form by forming a sulfur-sulfur bond between 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole units to form derivatives or oligomers of two or more of said thiadiazole units.
  • Suitable 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole derived compounds include for example 2,5-bis(tert-nonyldithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole or 2-tert-nonyldithio-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole.
  • the number of carbon atoms on the hydrocarbyl substituents of the hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole typically include 1 to 30, or 2 to 20, or 3 to 16.
  • the dimercaptothiadiazole may be a thiadiazole-functionalised dispersant.
  • a detailed description of the thiadiazole-functionalised dispersant is described is paragraphs [0028] to [0052] of International Publication WO 2008/014315 .
  • the thiadiazole-functionalised dispersant may be prepared by a method including heating, reacting or complexing a thiadiazole compound with a dispersant substrate.
  • the thiadiazole compound may be covalently bonded, salted, complexed or otherwise solubilized with a dispersant, or mixtures thereof.
  • the relative amounts of the dispersant substrate and the thiadiazole used to prepare the thiadiazole-functionalised dispersant may vary. In one embodiment the thiadiazole compound is present at 0.1 to 10 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the dispersant substrate. In different embodiments the thiadiazole compound is present at greater than 0.1 to 9, or greater than 0.1 to less than 5, or 0.2 to less than 5: to 100 parts by weight of the dispersant substrate.
  • the relative amounts of the thiadiazole compound to the dispersant substrate may also be expressed as (0.1-10):100, or (>0.1-9):100, (such as (>0.5-9):100), or (0.1 to less than 5): 100, or (0.2 to less than 5): 100.
  • the dispersant substrate is present at 0.1 to 10 parts by weight relative to 1 part by weight of the thiadiazole compound. In different embodiments the dispersant substrate is present at greater than 0.1 to 9, or greater than 0.1 to less than 5, or about 0.2 to less than 5: to 1 part by weight of the thiadiazole compound.
  • the relative amounts of the dispersant substrate to the thiadiazole compound may also be expressed as (0.1-10):1, or (>0.1-9):1, (such as (>0.5-9):1, or (0.1 to less than 5): 1, or (0.2 to less than 5): 1.
  • the thiadiazole-functionalised dispersant may be derived from a substrate that includes a succinimide dispersant (for example, N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides, typically a polyisobutylene succinimide), a Mannich dispersant, an ester-containing dispersant, a condensation product of a fatty hydrocarbyl monocarboxylic acylating agent with an amine or ammonia, an alkyl amino phenol dispersant, a hydrocarbyl-amine dispersant, a polyether dispersant, a polyetheramine dispersant, a viscosity modifier containing dispersant functionality (for example polymeric viscosity index modifiers containing dispersant functionality), or mixtures thereof.
  • the dispersant substrate includes a succinimide dispersant, an ester-containing dispersant or a Mannich dispersant.
  • the extreme pressure agent includes a boron- containing compound.
  • the boron-containing compound includes a borate ester (which in some embodiments may also be referred to as a borated epoxide), a borated alcohol, a borated dispersant, a borated phospholipid or mixtures thereof.
  • the boron-containing compound may be a borate ester or a borated alcohol.
  • the borate ester may be prepared by the reaction of a boron compound and at least one compound selected from epoxy compounds, halohydrin compounds, epihalohydrin compounds, alcohols and mixtures thereof.
  • the alcohols include dihydric alcohols, trihydric alcohols or higher alcohols, with the proviso for one embodiment that hydroxyl groups are on adjacent carbon atoms, i.e., vicinal.
  • Boron compounds suitable for preparing the borate ester include the various forms selected from the group consisting of boric acid (including metaboric acid, orthoboric acid and tetraboric acid), boric oxide, boron trioxide and alkyl borates.
  • the borate ester may also be prepared from boron halides.
  • suitable borate ester compounds include tripropyl borate, tributyl borate, tripentyl borate, trihexyl borate, triheptyl borate, trioctyl borate, trinonyl borate and tridecyl borate.
  • the borate ester compounds include tributyl borate, tri-2-ethylhexyl borate or mixtures thereof.
  • the boron-containing compound is a borated dispersant, typically derived from an N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimide.
  • the borated dispersant includes a polyisobutylene succinimide. Borated dispersants are described in more detail in US Patents 3,087,936 and 3,254,025 .
  • the borated dispersant may be used in combination with a sulfur-containing compound or a borate ester.
  • the extreme pressure agent is other than a borated dispersant.
  • the number average molecular weight M n (GPC; kg/mol) of the hydrocarbon from which the long chain alkenyl group was derived includes ranges of 350 to 5000, or 500 to 3000, or 550 to 1500.
  • the long chain alkenyl group may have a number average molecular weight Mn of 550, or 750, or 950 to 1000.
  • the N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides are borated using a variety of agents including boric acid (for example, metaboric acid, orthoboric acid and tetraboric acid), boric oxide, boron trioxide, and alkyl borates.
  • boric acid for example, metaboric acid, orthoboric acid and tetraboric acid
  • boric oxide for example, boron trioxide
  • alkyl borates alkyl borates.
  • the borating agent is boric acid which may be used alone or in combination with other borating agents.
  • the borated dispersant may be prepared by blending the boron compound and the N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides and heating them at a suitable temperature, such as, 80 °C to 250 °C, or 90 °C to 230 °C, or 100 °C to 210 °C, until the desired reaction has occurred.
  • the molar ratio of the boron compounds to the N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides may have ranges including 10:1 to 1:4, or 4:1 to 1:3; or the molar ratio of the boron compounds to the N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides may be 1:2.
  • the ratio of moles B : moles N (that is, atoms of B : atoms of N) in the borated dispersant may be 0.25:1 to 10:1 or 0.33:1 to 4:1 or 0.2:1 to 1.5:1, or 0.25:1 to 1.3:1 or 0.8:1 to 1.2:1 or about 0.5:1
  • An inert liquid may be used in performing the reaction.
  • the liquid may include toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dimethylformamide or mixtures thereof.
  • the additive component (d) in the lubricant composition according to the present invention further includes a borated phospholipid.
  • the borated phospholipid may be derived from boronation of a phospholipid (for example boronation may be carried out with boric acid).
  • Phospholipids and lecithins are described in detail in Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Kirk and Othmer, 3rd Edition, in "Fats and Fatty Oils", Volume 9, pages 795-831 and in " Lecithins", Volume 14, pages 250-269 .
  • the phospholipid may be any lipid containing a phosphoric acid, such as lecithin or cephalin, or derivatives thereof.
  • phospholipids include phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, phosphotidic acid and mixtures thereof.
  • the phospholipids may be glycerophospholipids, glycerol derivatives of the above list of phospholipids. Typically, the glycerophospholipids have one or two acyl, alkyl or alkenyl groups on a glycerol residue.
  • the alkyl or alkenyl groups may contain 8 to 30, or 8 to 25, or 12 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • suitable alkyl or alkenyl groups include octyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, docosanyl, octenyl, dodecenyl, hexadecenyl and octadecenyl.
  • Phospholipids may be prepared synthetically or derived from natural sources. Synthetic phospholipids may be prepared by methods known to those in the art. Naturally derived phospholipids are often extracted by procedures known to those in the art. Phospholipids may be derived from animal or vegetable sources. A useful phospholipid is derived from sunflower seeds. The phospholipid typically contains 35 % to 60 % phosphatidylcholine, 20 % to 35 % phosphatidylinositol, 1 % to 25 % phosphatidic acid, and 10 % to 25 % phosphatidylethanolamine, wherein the percentages are by weight based on the total phospholipids.
  • the fatty acid content may be 20 % by weight to 30 % by weight palmitic acid, 2 % by weight to 10 % by weight stearic acid, 15 % by weight to 25 % by weight oleic acid, and 40 % by weight to 55 % by weight linoleic acid.
  • the performance additive in the lubricant compositions according to the present invention may include a friction modifier.
  • a friction modifier is any material or materials that can alter the coefficient of friction of a surface lubricated by any lubricant or fluid containing such material(s). Friction modifiers, also known as friction reducers, or lubricity agents or oiliness agents, and other such agents that change the ability of base oils, formulated lubricant compositions, or functional fluids, to modify the coefficient of friction of a lubricated surface may be effectively used in combination with the base oils or lubricant compositions according to the present invention if desired. Friction modifiers may include metal-containing compounds or materials as well as ashless compounds or materials, or mixtures thereof.
  • Metal-containing friction modifiers may include metal salts or metal-ligand complexes where the metals may include alkali, alkaline earth, or transition group metals. Such metal-containing friction modifiers may also have low-ash characteristics. Transition metals may include Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and others.
  • Ligands may include hydrocarbyl derivative of alcohols, polyols, glycerols, partial ester glycerols, thiols, carboxylates, carbamates, thiocarbamates, dithiocarbamates, phosphates, thiophosphates, dithiophosphates, amides, imides, amines, thiazoles, thiadiazoles, dithiazoles, diazoles, triazoles, and other polar molecular functional groups containing effective amounts of O, N, S, or P, individually or in combination.
  • Mo-containing compounds can be particularly effective such as for example Mo-dithiocarbamates, Mo(DTC), Mo-dithiophosphates, Mo(DTP), Mo-amines, Mo (Am), Mo-alcoholates, Mo- alcohol-amides, and the like.
  • Ashless friction modifiers may also include lubricant materials that contain effective amounts of polar groups, for example, hydroxyl-containing hydrocarbyl base oils, glycerides, partial glycerides, glyceride derivatives, and the like.
  • Polar groups in friction modifiers may include hydrocarbyl groups containing effective amounts of O, N, S, or P, individually or in combination.
  • Other friction modifiers that may be particularly effective include, for example, salts (both ash-containing and ashless derivatives) of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty amides, fatty esters, hydroxyl-containing carboxylates, and comparable synthetic long-chain hydrocarbyl acids, alcohols, amides, esters, hydroxy carboxylates, and the like.
  • fatty organic acids, fatty amines, and sulfurized fatty acids may be used as suitable friction modifiers.
  • the performance additive in the lubricant compositions according to the present invention may include phosphorus- or sulfur- containing anti-wear agents other than compounds described as an extreme pressure agent of the amine salt of a phosphoric acid ester described above.
  • the anti-wear agent may include a non-ionic phosphorus compound (typically compounds having phosphorus atoms with an oxidation state of +3 or +5), a metal dialkyldithiophosphate (typically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates), amine dithiophosphate, ashless dithiophosphates and a metal mono- or di-alkylphosphate (typically zinc phosphates), or mixtures thereof.
  • the non-ionic phosphorus compound includes a phosphite ester, a phosphate ester, or mixtures thereof.
  • the performance additive in the lubricant composition according to the present invention may further include at least one antioxidant.
  • Antioxidants retard the oxidative degradation of base stocks during service. Such degradation may result in deposits on metal surfaces, the presence of sludge, or a viscosity increase in the lubricant.
  • One skilled in the art knows a wide variety of oxidation inhibitors that are useful in lubricating oil compositions.
  • Useful antioxidants include hindered phenols. These phenolic antioxidants may be ashless (metal-free) phenolic compounds or neutral or basic metal salts of certain phenolic compounds. Typical phenolic antioxidant compounds are the hindered phenolics which are the ones which contain a sterically hindered hydroxyl group, and these include those derivatives of dihydroxy aryl compounds in which the hydroxyl groups are in the o- or p-position to each other. Typical phenolic antioxidants include the hindered phenols substituted with C6+ alkyl groups and the alkylene coupled derivatives of these hindered phenols.
  • phenolic materials of this type 2-t-butyl-4-heptyl phenol; 2-t-butyl-4-octyl phenol; 2-t-butyl-4-dodecyl phenol; 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-heptyl phenol; 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-dodecyl phenol; 2-methyl-6-t-butyl-4-heptyl phenol; and 2-methyl-6-t-butyl-4-dodecyl phenol.
  • Other useful hindered mono-phenolic antioxidants may include for example hindered 2,6-di-alkyl-phenolic propionic ester derivatives.
  • Bis-phenolic antioxidants may also be advantageously used in combination with the instant invention.
  • ortho-coupled phenols include: 2,2'-bis(4-heptyl-6-t-butyl-phenol); 2,2'-bis(4-octyl-6-t-butylphenol); and 2,2'-bis(4-dodecyl-6-t-butyl-phenol).
  • Para-coupled bisphenols include for example 4,4'-bis(2,6-di-t-butyl phenol) and 4,4'-methylene-bis(2,6-di-t-butyl phenol).
  • Non-phenolic oxidation inhibitors which may be used include aromatic amine antioxidants and these may be used either as such or in combination with phenolics.
  • Typical examples of non-phenolic antioxidants include: alkylated and non-alkylated aromatic amines such as aromatic monoamines of the formula R 8 R 9 R 10 N, where R 8 is an aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic group, R 9 is an aromatic or a substituted aromatic group, and R 10 is H, alkyl, aryl or R 11 S(O) x R 12 , where R 11 is an alkylene, alkenylene, or aralkylene group, R 12 is a higher alkyl group, or an alkenyl, aryl, or alkaryl group, and x is 0, 1 or 2.
  • the aliphatic group R 8 may contain from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, and preferably contains from about 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • the aliphatic group is a saturated aliphatic group.
  • both R 8 and R 9 are aromatic or substituted aromatic groups, and the aromatic group may be a fused ring aromatic group such as naphthyl.
  • Aromatic groups R 8 and R 9 may be joined together with other groups such as S.
  • Typical aromatic amines antioxidants have alkyl substituent groups of at least about 6 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of aliphatic groups include hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl. Generally, the aliphatic groups will not contain more than about 14 carbon atoms.
  • the general types of amine antioxidants useful in the present compositions include diphenylamines, phenyl naphthylamines, phenothiazines, imidodibenzyls and diphenyl phenylene diamines. Mixtures of two or more aromatic amines are also useful. Polymeric amine antioxidants can also be used.
  • aromatic amine antioxidants useful in the present invention include: p,p'-dioctyldiphenylamine; t-octylphenyl-alpha-naphthylamine; phenyl-alphanaphthylamine; and p-octylphenyl-alpha-naphthylamine.
  • Sulfurized alkyl phenols and alkali or alkaline earth metal salts thereof also are useful antioxidants.
  • the performance additive in the lubricant compositions according to the present invention further includes a dispersant.
  • the dispersant may be a succinimide dispersant (for example N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides), a Mannich dispersant, an ester-containing dispersant, a condensation product of a fatty hydrocarbyl monocarboxylic acylating agent with an amine or ammonia, an alkyl amino phenol dispersant, a hydrocarbyl-amine dispersant, a polyether dispersant or a polyetheramine dispersant.
  • succinimide dispersant for example N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides
  • Mannich dispersant for example N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides
  • an ester-containing dispersant for example N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides
  • the succinimide dispersant includes a polyisobutylene-substituted succinimide, wherein the polyisobutylene from which the dispersant is derived may have a number average molecular weight of 400 to 5000, or 950 to 1600.
  • Succinimide dispersants and their methods of preparation are more fully described in U.S. Patents 4,234,435 and 3,172,892 .
  • Suitable ester-containing dispersants are typically high molecular weight esters. These materials are described in more detail in U.S. Patent 3,381,022 .
  • the dispersant includes a borated dispersant.
  • the borated dispersant includes a succinimide dispersant including a polyisobutylene succinimide, wherein the polyisobutylene from which the dispersant is derived may have a number average molecular weight of 400 to 5000. Borated dispersants are described in more detail above within the extreme pressure agent description.
  • Dispersant viscosity modifiers are considered additives in the context of the present invention due to their additional functionalization and are therefore not considered viscosity improving agents according to the present invention.
  • Dispersant viscosity modifiers include functionalised polyolefins, for example, ethylene-propylene copolymers that have been functionalized with the reaction product of maleic anhydride and an amine, a polymethacrylate functionalised with an amine, or esterified styrene maleic anhydride copolymers reacted with an amine.
  • the corrosion inhibitors may be selected from oxygen-, nitrogen-, sulfur-, and phosphorus-containing materials, and may include metal-containing compounds (salts, organometallics, etc.) and nonmetal-containing or ashless materials.
  • Corrosion inhibitors may include, but are not limited to, additive types such as, for example, hydrocarbyl-, aryl-, alkyl-, arylalkyl-, and alkylaryl-versions of detergents (neutral, overbased), sulfonates, phenates, salicylates, alcoholates, carboxylates, salixarates, phosphites, phosphates, thiophosphates, amines, amine salts, amine phosphoric acid salts, amine sulfonic acid salts, alkoxylated amines, etheramines, polyetheramines, amides, imides, azoles, diazoles, triazoles, benzotriazoles, benzothiadoles,
  • Corrosion inhibitors are used to reduce the degradation of metallic parts that are in contact with the lubricant composition.
  • Suitable corrosion inhibitors include thiadiazoles.
  • Aromatic triazoles, such as tolyltriazole are suitable corrosion inhibitors for non-ferrous metals, such as copper.
  • Metal deactivators include derivatives of benzotriazoles (typically tolyltriazole), 1,2,4-triazoles, benzimidazoles, 2-alkyldithiobenzimidazoles, thiadiazoles or 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazoles.
  • Foam inhibitors may also advantageously be added as a performance additive to the lubricant compositions according to the present invention. These agents retard the formation of stable foams. Silicones and organic polymers are typical foam inhibitors. For example, polysiloxanes, such as silicon oil, or polydimethylsiloxane, provide foam inhibiting properties. Further foam inhibitors include copolymers of ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and optionally vinyl acetate.
  • Demulsifiers include trialkyl phosphates, and various polymers and copolymers of ethylene glycol, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or mixtures thereof.
  • esters of maleic anhydride-styrene, or polyacrylamides are included.
  • seal compatibility agents help to swell elastomeric seals by causing a chemical reaction in the fluid or physical change in the elastomer.
  • Suitable seal compatibility agents for lubricant compositions include organic phosphates, aromatic esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters (butylbenzyl phthalate, for example), and polybutenyl succinic anhydride.
  • Such additives may preferably be used in an amount of 0.01 to 3 % by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 2 % by weight of the total amount of the lubricant composition.
  • Table-1 Component A B C D (a) at least one alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran of general formula (I) m in the range of 1 to ⁇ 40, m' in the range of 1 to ⁇ 40, (m+m') in the range of ⁇ 2 to ⁇ 90, m in the range of 2 to ⁇ 30, m' in the range of 2 to ⁇ 30, (m+m') in the range of ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 60, m is in the range of ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 25, m' in the range of ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 25, (m+m') in the range of ⁇ 6 to ⁇ 50, m is in the range of ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 25, m' in the range of ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 25, (m+m') in the range of ⁇ 10 to ⁇ 45, n in the range of 2 to ⁇ 40
  • R 2 denotes CH 2 -CH 3 or CH 3 or H
  • R 3 and R 4 denote, identical or different, substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 alkyl or H
  • R 3 and R 4 denote, identical or different, substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 alkyl or H.
  • R 2 denotes CH 3 , CH 2 -CH 3 or H
  • R 3 and R 4 denote H or CH 3 .
  • At least one carboxylic acid ester the at least one carboxylic acid ester is obtainable by reacting (i) at least one linear or branched C 2 -C 24 monocarboxylic acid with at least one linear or branched C 1 -C 20 monoalcohol the at least one carboxylic acid ester is obtainable by reacting (i) at least one linear or branched C 5 -C 20 monocarboxylic acid with at least one linear or branched C 1 -C 10 monoalcohol the at least one carboxylic acid ester is obtainable by reacting (i) at least one linear or branched C 10 -C 20 monocarboxylic acid with at least one linear C 1 -C 5 monoalcohol the at least one carboxylic acid ester is obtainable by reacting (i) at least one linear C 18 monocarboxylic acid with at least one linear C 1 -C 5 monoalcohol Table-2 Component E F G H (a) at least one alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran
  • R 2 denotes CH 2 -CH 3 or CH 3 or H
  • R 3 and R 4 denote, identical or different, substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 alkyl or H
  • R 3 and R 4 denote, identical or different, substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 alkyl or H
  • R 2 denotes CH 3 , CH 2 -CH 3 or H
  • R 3 and R 4 denote H or CH 3 .
  • R 2 denotes CH 2 -CH 3 or CH 3 or H, k in the range of ⁇ 6 to ⁇ 20,
  • R 1 denotes identical, unsubstituted, linear C 8 , C 9 , C 10 , C 11 or C 12 alkyl
  • R 3 and R 4 denote, identical or different, substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 alkyl or H.
  • R 3 and R 4 denote, identical or different, substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 alkyl or H.
  • R 2 denotes CH 3 , CH 2 -CH 3 or H
  • R 3 and R 4 denote H or CH 3 .
  • n is in the range of ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 40, n' in the range of ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 40, (n+n') in the range of ⁇ 6 to ⁇ 80, k is in the range of ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 24, R 1 denotes, identical, unsubstituted, linear C 8 , C 9 , C 10 , C 11 , or C 12 , alkyl (m+m') in the range of ⁇ 10 to ⁇ 45, k in the range of ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 26, n in the range of 4 to ⁇ 40, n' in the range of 4 to ⁇ 40, R 1 denotes, identical unsubstituted, linear C 6 , C 7 , C 8 , C 9 , C 10 , C 11 , C 12 , C 13 , C 14 , C 15 , C 16 , C 17 or C 18 alkyl (n+n') in the range of ⁇ 10 to ⁇ 75, R 2 denotes CH 2 -CH 3
  • R 2 denotes CH 2 -CH 3 or CH 3 or H, k in the range of ⁇ 6 to ⁇ 20,
  • R 1 denotes identical, unsubstituted, linear C 8 , C 9 , C 10 , C 11 or C 12 alkyl
  • R 3 and R 4 denote, identical or different, substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 alkyl or H.
  • R 2 denotes CH 3 , CH 2 -CH 3 or H
  • R 3 and R 4 denote H or CH 3 .
  • Table-5 Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
  • Preferred lubricant concentrates result from the following combinations of the embodiments A to P with variants 1 to 10: A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 , A 6 , A 7 , A 8 , A 9 , A 10 , B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 , B 5 , B 6 , B 7 , B 8 , B 9 , B 10 , C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , C 6 , C 7 , C 8 , C 9 , C 10 , D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , D 4 , D 5 , D 6 , D 7 , D 8 , D 9 , D 10 , E 1 , E 2 E 3 , E 4 , E 5 , E 6 , E 7 , E 8 , E 9 , E 10 , F 1 , F 2 , F 3 , F 4 , F 5 , F 6 , F 7 , F
  • H 4 means a combination of embodiment H with variant 4, i.e a lubricant concentrate containing ⁇ 20.0 to ⁇ 80.0 % by weight of (a) in which m is in the range of ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 25, m' is in the range of ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 25, (m+m') in the range of ⁇ 10 to ⁇ 45, n is in the range of ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 40, n' in the range of ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 40, (n+n') in the range of ⁇ 10 to ⁇ 75, k is in the range of ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 20, R 1 denotes identical, unsubstituted, linear C 8 , C 9 , C 10 , C 11 or C 12 alkyl, R 2 denotes CH 3 , CH 2 -CH 3 or H and R 3 and R 4 denote H or CH 3 ; and ⁇ 20.0 to ⁇ 80.0 % by weight of (b) at least one carboxylic acid ester obtainable by react
  • the presently claimed invention is directed to a lubricant composition consisting of ⁇ 1.0 to ⁇ 90.0 % by weight of the lubricant concentrate (LC) as defined above; ⁇ 10.0 to ⁇ 75.0 % by weight of at least one base oil (c) selected from Group I mineral oils, Group II mineral oils, Group III mineral oils, Group IV oils and Group V oils and; ⁇ 0.1 to ⁇ 15.0 % by weight of at least one additive component (d),
  • components (a), (b) and (c) are in each case different from component (d), so that the at least one additive component (d) does not encompass any of components (a), (b) and (c).
  • the lubricant composition of the presently claimed invention comprises the lubricant concentrate, the at least one base oil (c) and the at least one additive component (d) in the following amounts.
  • Table-6 Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 LC ⁇ 1.0 to ⁇ 90.0 % by weight ⁇ 1.0 to ⁇ 90.0 % by weight ⁇ 5.0 to ⁇ 80.0 % by weight ⁇ 10.0 to ⁇ 70.0 % by weight ⁇ 20.0 to ⁇ 60.0 % by weight ⁇ 30.0 to ⁇ 60.0 % by weight 50 % by weight
  • Base oil (c) ⁇ 10 to ⁇ 75.0 % by weight ⁇ 9.9 to ⁇ 70.0 % by weight ⁇ 19.0 to ⁇ 75.0 % by weight ⁇ 20.0 to ⁇ 60.0 % by weight ⁇ 30.0 to ⁇ 60.0 % by weight ⁇ 40.0 to ⁇ 60.0 % by weight 50 % by weight
  • Additive (d) ⁇ 0.0 to ⁇ 15.0 % by weight ⁇
  • the presently claimed invention is directed to a method of reducing friction in an engine using an engine oil comprising (a) at least one alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran of general formula (I) and (b) at least one carboxylic acid ester, in an amount as defined in the embodiments derived from Table-1 to 5, as defined above.
  • the presently claimed invention is directed to a method of enhancing the friction modification properties of a lubricating oil composition in the lubrication of a mechanical device comprising formulating said lubricating oil composition with at least one alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran of general formula (I) and at least one ester of carboxylic acid, in an amount as defined in the embodiments derived from Table-1 to 5, as defined above.
  • the presently claimed invention is directed to a method of reducing friction in an engine using an engine oil comprising ⁇ 1.0 to ⁇ 90.0 % by weight of the lubricant concentrate (LC) as defined above; ⁇ 10.0 to ⁇ 75.0 % by weight of at least one base oil (c) selected from Group I mineral oils, Group II mineral oils, Group III mineral oils, Group IV oils and Group V oils and; ⁇ 0.1 to ⁇ 15.0 % by weight of at least one additive component (d),
  • Enhancing the friction-modification properties means in the sense of the present invention that the friction coefficient of a lubricating oil composition comprising a lubricant concentrate (LC) which is a combination of alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran of general formula (I) and carboxylic acid ester is lower than the friction coefficient of a lubricating oil composition that does not contain said lubricant concentrate (LC).
  • the friction-modification properties are determined by measuring the friction coefficient at 20% slide roll ratio (SRR) using mini-traction machine (MTM) measurements at 70° C and 1 GPa.
  • a mechanical device in the sense of the presently claimed invention is a mechanism consisting of a device that works on mechanical principles.
  • the mechanical device is preferably selected from the group consisting of bearings, gears, joints and guidances.
  • the mechanical device is operated at temperatures in the range of ⁇ 10° C. to ⁇ 80° C.
  • the lubricant composition has friction coefficient in the range of ⁇ 0.003 to ⁇ 0.030 at 20% slide roll ratio (SRR) determined using mini-traction machine (MTM) measurements at 70 °C and 1 GPa.
  • the lubricant composition has a wear scar in the range of ⁇ 0.003 to ⁇ 0.60 according to ASTM D 4172.
  • Synative® ES DPHA di-(2-propyl-heptyl) adipate
  • Ambosol® magnesium silicate
  • PolyTHF ® 650 Polyether Mw 650 g/mol
  • PolyTHF ® 1000 Polyether (Mw 1000 g/mol)
  • SYNATIVE AC AMH 2 ® a nonionic surfactant which acts as a defoamer
  • Polyalphaolefin 4 (PAO 4) having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 4 cSt is available from ExxonMobil.
  • Additive package 1 under the tradename ANGLAMOL ® is available from the Lubrizol Corporation.
  • Additive package 2 under the tradename HITEC ® is available from the Afton Chemical Corporation.
  • Antioxidant 1 is a commercially available antioxidant under the tradename IRGANOX ® from the BASF Corporation.
  • Antioxidant 2 is an antioxidant different from Antioxidant 1 and is also commercially available under the tradename IRGANOX ® from the BASF Corporation.
  • Dispersant 1 is a commercially available dispersant under the tradename HITEC ® from the Afton Chemical Corporation
  • OHZ hydroxyl number, determined according to DIN 53240.
  • M n number average molecular weight, determined according to DIN 55672-1 and referred to Polystyrene calibration standard.
  • M w weight average molecular weight, determined according to DIN 55672-1 and referred to Polystyrene calibration standard.
  • PD polydispersity, determined according to DIN 55672-1.
  • the kinematic viscosity was measured according to the standard international method ASTM D 445.
  • the viscosity Index was measured according to the ASTM D 2270.
  • the pour point according was measured to DIN ISO 3016.
  • a 3 ⁇ 4" (19.05 mm) diameter steel ball (AISI 52100) is loaded and rotated against the flat surface of a rotating disk (AISI 52100).
  • the disc is held in a bath containing a test lubricant so that the contact between the ball and flat is fully immersed.
  • the ball shaft is aligned with respect to the disk so as to prevent spin in the contact and the slide-roll ratio is controlled independently by driving both the ball and the disk with separate motors.
  • Friction coefficient is measured at a constant mean speed (U) over a range of slide roll ratios (SRR) to give the traction curve.
  • the disc and ball used for the experiments were made of steel (AISI 52100), with a hardness of 750 HV and Ra ⁇ 0.02 ⁇ m.
  • the diameter was 46.0 mm and 19.0 mm for the disc and the ball respectively.
  • the tractions curves were run with 1.00 GPa contact pressure, 4 m/s mean speed and 70° C temperature.
  • the slide-roll ratio (SRR) was varied from 0 to 25% and the friction coefficient measured.
  • synergy (in %) can be derived for a lubricant concentrate comprising alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurans of general formula (I) and carboxylic acid esters from their coefficient of friction and viscosity values.
  • the synergy value is indicative of the synergistic effect of the combination which shows that the effect is not additive.
  • the synergy value is negative or less than 5% then the two components of the binary mixture have an additive effect rather than a synergistic effect.
  • a steel reactor (1.5 l) was loaded with polytetrahydrofuran (M W 250 g/mol) (0.2 mol, 130 g), and 3.4 g KOtBu was mixed and the reactor was purged with nitrogen.
  • the reactor was heated under vacuum (10 mbar) and heated to 140° C for 0.25 h. Then again nitrogen was loaded.
  • 50 g C 12 epoxide was brought in dropwise at 140° C 390 g C 12 epoxide of total (441 g; 2.4 mol) was added during 5 h at 140° C and under pressure of 6 bar.
  • butylene oxide (288 g, 4.0 mol) was added within 4 h at 140° C.
  • the reactor was stirred for 10 h at 140° C and cooled to 80° C.
  • the product was stripped by nitrogen.
  • the product was discharged and mixed with Ambosol® (30 g) and mixed on a rotary evaporator at 80° C.
  • the purified product was obtained by filtration in a pressure strainer (Filtrations media: Seitz 900). Yield: 866 g, quantitative (theor.: 859 g) OHZ: 30.1 mg KOH/g, M w : 4602 g/mol and M n : 3861 g/mol, polydispersity: 1.19.
  • a steel reactor (1.5 l) was loaded with polytetrahydrofuran (M W 650 g/mol) (0.2 mol, 130 g), and KOtBu (3.21 g) was mixed and the reactor was purged with nitrogen.
  • M W 650 g/mol polytetrahydrofuran
  • KOtBu 3.21 g
  • the reactor was stirred for 10 h at 140° C.
  • the reactor was cooled to 80° C and the product was stripped by nitrogen.
  • a steel reactor (1.5 l) was loaded with polytetrahydrofuran (M W 1000 g/mol) (0.1 mol, 100 g), and KOtBu (2.59 g) was mixed and the reactor was purged with nitrogen.
  • M W 1000 g/mol polytetrahydrofuran
  • KOtBu KOtBu
  • a mixture of butylene oxide and C 12 epoxide (3.0 mol, 216 g butylene oxide; 1.8 mol, 331 g C 12 epoxide) was brought in dropwise during 5 h at 140° C and under pressure of 6 bar.
  • the reactor was stirred for 10 h at 140° C and cooled to 80° C.
  • the reactor was cooled to 80° C and the product was stripped by nitrogen.
  • a steel reactor (1.5 l) was loaded with polytetrahydrofuran (M W 1000 g/mol) (0.1 mol, 100 g), and KOtBu (4.78 g) was mixed and the reactor was purged with nitrogen.
  • M W 1000 g/mol polytetrahydrofuran
  • KOtBu KOtBu 4.78 g
  • a mixture of butylene oxide and C 12 epoxide (6.0 mol, 432 g butylene oxide; 3.6 mol, 662 g C 12 epoxide) was brought in dropwise during 11 h at 140° C and under pressure of 6 bar.
  • the reactor was stirred for 10 h at 140° C. and cooled to 80° C.
  • the reactor was cooled to 80° C and the product was stripped by nitrogen.
  • a steel reactor (1.5 l) was loaded with polytetrahydrofuran (M W 1000 g/mol, 63.7 mmol, 63.7 g) and CsOH (50% aqueous solution, 6.9 g). The mixture was dried under vacuum ( ⁇ 10 mbar) at 100°C to a water content below 0.1% (Karl-Fischer titration). At a pressure of 2 bar nitrogen a mixture of butylene oxide and C 12 epoxide (4.45 mol, 321 g butylene oxide; 2.55 mol, 469 g C 12 epoxide) was brought in dropwise during 10 h at 130° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 20 h at 130° C and cooled to 80° C.
  • Table-7 Amount of (a) (a) Amount of (b) (b) Appearance Viscosity at 70 °C Coefficient of friction at 20% MTM Coefficient of friction at 20%MTM / Viscosity at 70 °C linear assumption Synergy _ _ 100% DPHA Clear 5.17 0.0156 0.0030174 100%
  • composition of the present invention namely combination of alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran (a) and carboxylic acid esters (b) provide low friction coefficients ( ⁇ 0.015 at 20% SRR in MTM experiments) and also exhibit synergy as high as 63%.
  • Axle lubricating oil composition are provided below in Table 8 as Examples 9-11. Each individual component in Table 8 is provided in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the respective example.
  • Table-8 Components Example 9 Example 10
  • Example 11 Compounds of general formula (I) 28 % 28 % 29 % DPHA 15 % 15 % 12 % PAO 4 43.8 % 45.8 % 45.8 % Additive package 1 10 % - 10 % Additive package 2 - 8 % - Antioxidant 1 0.5 % 0.5 % 0.5 % Antioxidant 2 0.5 % 0.5 % 0.5 % Dispersant 2.0 % 2.0 % 2.0 % SYNATIVE AC AMH 2 ® 0.2 % 0.2 % % % % %
  • Example 9-11 The viscosity profiles of Examples 9-11 were evaluated by measuring the kinematic viscosities at 40°C and 100°C and calculating the viscosity index. Additionally, the shear stability of Examples 9 and 10 was also evaluated by measuring the KRL Shear Loss according to CEC L-45-A-99. The results of this testing are provided below in Table-9. Table-9 Kinematic Viscosity (D445) (cSt) Viscosity Index (D2270) KRL Shear Loss (%) 40°C 100°C Example 9 67.15 12.76 193 1.1 Example10 72.82 13.54 192 4.9 Example 11 66.46 12.60 193 -
  • Examples 9-11 have greater low and high temperature performance as evidenced by the viscosity index values.
  • Examples 9 and 10 demonstrate excellent shear stability as evidenced by the KRL Shear Loss values.
  • Example 9 25 0.1 0.0 9.2 9.7
  • Example 10 3 0.1 0.1 8.9 9.6
  • Examples 9 and 10 demonstrate superior oxidation performance as indicated by the relatively lower increase in viscosity after 200 hours of testing. This superior performance is also observable by contrasting the carbon/varnish and sludge values of Examples9 and 10.

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019224027A1 (en) * 2018-05-23 2019-11-28 Basf Se A lubricant comprising 2,5-(bishydroxymethyl) tetryhydrofuran dialkanoates
WO2020127421A1 (en) * 2018-12-18 2020-06-25 Basf Se Gear oil composition
WO2022003088A1 (en) 2020-07-03 2022-01-06 Evonik Operations Gmbh High viscosity base fluids based on oil compatible polyesters prepared from long-chain epoxides
WO2022003087A1 (en) 2020-07-03 2022-01-06 Evonik Operations Gmbh High viscosity base fluids based on oil compatible polyesters

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JP2022513258A (ja) * 2018-12-18 2022-02-07 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア ギア油組成物
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