CN115039063A - 改进的触摸感测设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
公开了一种触摸感测设备,该触摸感测设备包括具有触摸表面的面板,沿外周布置的发射器和检测器、光导向部,该光导向部邻近外周布置并且包括光导向表面,发射器和/或检测器与面板的后表面相对布置,以通过框架元件中的通道发射和/或接收光,通道与后表面相对布置,并在触摸表面的法向轴线的方向上延伸,光导向表面和通道布置在面板的相对侧上并在平面的方向上重叠,光导向表面在法向轴线的方向上通过面板和通道接收来自发射器的光,或将光引导到检测器。公开了一种制造用于触摸感测设备的框架元件的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及通过使光在面板上方传播来操作的触摸感测设备。更具体地说,本发明涉及用于通过完全或部分随机化的折射、反射或散射来控制和定制面板上方的光路的光学解决方案和机械解决方案。
背景技术
在一种称为“表面上方的光学触摸系统”的触敏面板中,一组光学发射器围绕触摸表面的外周布置以发射光,光被反射以在触摸表面上方行进和传播。一组光检测器也围绕触摸表面的外周布置,以从触摸表面上方接收来自该组发射器的光。即,在触摸表面上方创建网格状的交叉光路,也被称为扫描线。触摸该触摸表面的物体将使光的一个或多个扫描线上的光衰减,并引起由一个或多个检测器接收的光的变化。可以通过分析在检测器处接收到的光来确定物体的位置(坐标)、形状或面积。
触敏设备的光学特性和机械特性影响发射器/检测器与触摸表面之间的光的散射,并相应地影响检测到的触摸信号。例如,扫描线的宽度影响触摸性能因素,诸如可检测性、精度、分辨率和重建伪影的存在。先前现有技术的触摸检测系统的问题涉及关于上述因素的次优性能。此外,光学机械组件在对准时的变化影响检测过程,这可能导致次优触摸检测性能。在触摸检测过程中,诸如信噪比、检测精度、分辨率、伪影的存在等因素都可能受到影响。虽然现有技术的系统旨在改善这些因素(例如检测精度),但在必须对触摸系统进行更复杂且昂贵的光学机械修改方面,通常存在相关的折中。这通常导致触摸系统不那么紧凑,制造过程更复杂,成本更高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是至少部分地克服现有技术的上述缺陷中的一个或多个。
一个目的是提供一种紧凑的、不太复杂的、稳健的且易于组装的触敏设备。
另一个目的是提供一种有效利用光的基于“表面上方”的触敏设备。
这些目的中的一个或多个,以及从下面的描述中可能呈现的其他目的,通过根据独立权利要求所述的触敏设备至少部分地实现,该触敏设备的实施例由从属权利要求限定。
根据第一方面,提供了一种触摸感测设备,该触摸感测设备包括:面板,面板限定触摸表面,触摸表面在具有法向轴线的平面中延伸;沿面板的外周布置的多个发射器和多个检测器;光导向部,光导向部邻近外周布置并包括光导向表面,其中,发射器被布置成发射光,光导向表面被布置成接收光并引导光穿过触摸表面,其中,面板包括与触摸表面相对的后表面,并且发射器和/或检测器与后表面相对布置,以通过框架元件中的通道发射和/或接收光,通道与后表面相对布置并在法向轴线的方向上延伸,其中,光导向表面和通道布置在面板的相对侧上并在平面的方向上重叠,由此,光导向表面在法向轴线的方向上通过面板和通道接收来自发射器的光或将光引导到检测器。
根据第二方面,提供了一种制造用于触摸感测设备的框架元件的方法,该方法包括挤压框架元件以形成光导向部和空腔,空腔适于接纳包括发射器和/或检测器的基板,以及铣削空腔的壁部以形成通道,使得在使用中,光导向部的光导向表面通过通道接收来自发射器的光或将光引导到检测器。
本公开的一些示例提供了一种更紧凑的触摸感测设备。
本公开的一些示例提供一种制造成本更低的触摸感测设备。
本公开的一些示例提供了一种具有减少数量的电光部件的触摸感测设备。
本公开的一些示例提供了一种更稳健的触摸感测设备。
本公开的一些示例提供了一种使用更可靠的触摸感测设备。
本公开的一些示例使得能够减少杂散光效应。
本公开的一些示例使得能够降低环境光敏度。
本公开的一些示例提供了一种触摸感测设备,该触摸感测设备使检测到的光具有更好的信噪比。
本公开的一些示例提供了一种具有改进的分辨率和对小物体的改进的检测精度的触摸感测设备。
本公开的一些示例提供了一种具有较少检测伪影的触摸感测设备。
本公开的一些示例提供了一种触摸感测设备,该触摸感测设备具有横跨触摸表面的更均匀的扫描线覆盖范围。
本公开的其它目的、特征、方面和优点将从以下详细描述、所附权利要求以及附图中显现出来。
应当强调的是,当在本说明书中使用时,术语“包含/包括”用于指定所述特征、整体、步骤或部件的存在,但并不排除一个或多个其他特征、整体、步骤、部件或其组的存在或添加。
附图说明
本发明的示例具有的这些和其他方面、特征以及优点将从以下参照附图对本发明的示例进行的描述中变得明显和阐明,在附图中;
图1a是根据本公开的一个示例的触摸感测设备的横截面侧视图的示意图;
图1b是根据本公开的一个示例的触摸感测设备的横截面侧视图的示意图;
图1c是根据本公开的一个示例的触摸感测设备的自上而下观察的视图的示意图;
图1d和图1e是现有技术的触摸感测设备的示例的自上而下观察的视图的示意图;
图2是根据本公开的一个示例的触摸感测设备的横截面侧视图的示意图;
图3是根据本公开的一个示例的触摸感测设备的横截面侧视图的示意图;
图4是根据本公开的一个示例的触摸感测设备的横截面侧视图的示意图;
图5是根据本公开的一个示例的触摸感测设备的横截面侧视图的示意图;
图6是根据本公开的一个示例的触摸感测设备的横截面侧视图的示意图;
图7a至图7c是根据本发明的多个示例的用于触摸感测设备的框架元件的横截面侧视图的示意图;
图8a和图8b是根据本公开的多个示例的用于触摸感测设备的框架元件的细节的横截面侧视图的示意图;
图8c是根据本公开的一个示例的用于触摸感测设备的框架元件的细节的横截面侧视图的示意图;
图8d是根据本公开的多个示例的用于触摸感测设备的包括光导向表面的框架元件的如下各项细节的示意图:沿触摸表面的平面方向的视图(I);从(I)中的视图看,光导向表面的详细截面(II);以及在(II)中的截面的侧视图(III);
图9a是根据本公开的一个示例的触摸感测设备的横截面侧视图的示意图;
图9b是根据本公开的一个示例的触摸感测设备的横截面侧视图的示意图;
图10a是根据本公开的一个示例的制造用于触摸感测设备的框架元件的方法的流程图;以及
图10b是根据本公开的一个示例的制造用于触摸感测设备的框架元件的方法的另一流程图,
图10c是根据本公开的一个示例的制造用于触摸感测设备的框架元件的方法的另一流程图。
具体实施方式
在下文中,将针对触敏设备的特定示例来呈现本发明的实施例。在整个描述中,使用相同的附图标记来标识相应的元件。
图1a是包括面板101的触摸感测设备100的示意图,面板限定在具有法向轴线104的平面103中延伸的触摸表面102。面板101是透光面板。触摸感测设备100包括沿面板101的外周107布置的多个发射器105和多个检测器106。为了清楚地呈现,图1a仅示出了发射器105,而图1b示出了光如何穿过触摸表面102从发射器105传输到检测器106。触摸感测设备100包括邻近并沿着外周107布置的光导向部108。光导向部108包括光导向表面109。发射器105被布置成发射光110,光导向表面109被布置成接收光110并引导光穿过面板101的触摸表面102。如图1b所示,光在穿过触摸表面102传播之后,经由对应的光导向表面109被反射到检测器106。图1c是触摸感测设备100的自上而下观察的示意图。图2还示意性地示出了从发射器105到检测器106的反射。面板101包括与触摸表面102相对的后表面111,并且发射器105和/或检测器106与后表面相对布置,以通过触摸感测设备100的框架元件113中的通道112发射和/或接收光110。通道112与后表面111相对布置,并在法向轴线104的方向104’上延伸,即基本上平行于法向轴线104延伸。光导向表面109和通道112布置在面板101的相对侧上,并且沿着平面103的方向重叠。即,在图1a中,在光导向表面109和通道112的水平位置上存在重叠,使得光路可以从光导向表面109竖直地延伸到通道112。光导向表面109被布置成在法向轴线104的方向104’上通过面板101并进一步通过通道112接收来自发射器105的光110,或将光引导到检测器106。应当理解,光发射的主光学轴线110’可以基本上沿着方向104’延伸,但是光也具有围绕光学轴线110’的角扩展,如图1a所示。如图1a和图4所示,使光导向表面109布置在通道112上方提供了对环境光或系统杂散光的有效屏蔽。因此,可以将向检测器106反射的环境光或杂散光的量最少化,并且可以提高信噪比。使发射器105在法向轴线104的方向104’上发射光110,从而使光110的光学轴线110’基本上平行于法向轴线104,如图1a和图4中进一步例示的,这有助于减小触摸感测设备100沿外周的尺寸。例如在图1a和图4中的平面103的方向上,可以将发射器105和检测器106的组件的横截面占用空间最小化。所描述的布置还可以提供使针对面板101的角反射最少化,这在一些应用中是有利的。使光110传播通过面板101,在提供紧凑的触摸感测设备100和将光学部件的数量最少化方面提供了进一步的协同效应,因为面板101用作发射器105和检测器106与周围环境的密封元件。因此,面板101可用作密封部以保护电子设备免受例如液体和灰尘的侵害。因此可以省去另外的光学密封元件。这是进一步有利的,因为光穿过面板101散射的角度可以进一步增加,反射损失更小,从而提供了横跨面板101的改进的扫描线覆盖范围。例如,可将菲涅耳反射损失最小化,如关于图1d进一步描述的。图1d示出了现有技术的触摸感测设备的示例,其中,发射器401和检测器402沿着触摸表面403的侧边布置,并且光学密封部件404沿着侧边布置。光学密封部件404布置在触摸表面403上方和在相对侧面的反射表面之间,反射表面反射穿过触摸表面403的光(即,对应于光导向表面109的位置)。特别是当光沿着触摸表面403的侧边以高角度反射(如图1d中的反射406所示)时,具有这样的附加光学密封部件404可能会引入由在触摸表面403上透射的光引起的不希望的反射。图1e是图1d中的示例的进一步详细视图,示出了在这种附加光学密封部件404、404’的每个界面处的进一步反射405、405’。特别是在具有附加的光学密封部件404、404’的情况下,这样的反射405、405’可能导致沿触摸表面403的每个侧边的光的显著损失。
在需要额外紧凑性的一些应用中,减少的部件数量可能特别有利。这还有助于降低触摸感测设备100的成本。如下面将更详细地描述的,光导向部108可以形成为框架元件113的一部分,使得光导向表面109形成在框架元件113的材料中。这进一步减少了沿着从触摸表面102到发射器105和检测器106的光路径的光学机械部件的数量。因此,需要对准的部件的数量也减少了,这简化了装配。因此,提供了一种特别紧凑和稳健的触摸感测设备100,其能够更有效地使用检测光。因此可以提高触摸检测性能,同时降低复杂性和成本。
如图2和图4所示,触摸表面102的平面103和光导向表面109之间的角度(v)可以小于45度。这能够减少穿过触摸表面102的光的不希望的反射(再次以图1d中的反射406为例)的量,否则当检测到触摸信号的衰减时,这可能导致伪影或其他干扰。如果角度(v)小于45度,则不希望的光反射可以被反射出平面103。在一些示例中,角度(v)可以在41度至44度的范围内,以特别有利地减少不希望的光反射。角度(v)可以大于45度。例如,使角度(v)在46度至49度的范围内也可以减少图1d中由扫描线406所示类型的不希望的反射。应当理解,如上针对触摸感测设备100所述的有利优点,即,不太复杂、更紧凑和成本有效的制造过程,适用于角度(v)在45度以上和45度以下两者的示例。
面板101具有在触摸表面102和后表面111之间延伸的边缘114。通道112在平行于平面102的方向上以宽度(d1)在第一通道壁115a和相对的第二通道壁115b之间延伸,第一通道壁最靠近面板101的相应边缘114布置,如在例如图2和图5中示意性地示出。第一通道壁115a可以以角度116朝向法向轴线104的方向104’延伸。具有成角度的通道壁115a提供了减少朝向检测器106反射的环境光的量。被通道壁115a反射的任何环境光的更大部分将在经过检测器106的方向上被反射,同时也减少来自发射器105的直接经过光导向表面109的光,光直接经过光导向表面可能导致杂散光问题。
如图3和图5所示,光导向部108具有边缘部121,边缘部对应于光导向部108的最靠近触摸表面102布置的部分。光导向表面109可以从光导向部108的边缘部121延伸到光导向部108的突起117,如图3和图5中示意性地示出的。突起117可以在平行于平面103的方向上延伸,以屏蔽环境光使其不被反射到通道112。
通道112的宽度(d1)可以进一步改变,以优化朝向光导向表面109发射的光110的量,同时提供对环境光或杂散光的充分屏蔽。第一通道壁115a和第二通道壁115b沿平面103的方向相对于发射器105和/或检测器106的位置可根据特定实施方式而优化。在一个示例中,如图3中示意性地示出,第二通道壁115b的位置沿着平面103的方向与突起117的位置对准。这对于屏蔽环境光或杂散光可以特别有利。同时,在优化发射器105相对于通道112的中心的位置时,可以避免对发射光110的阻挡。通道壁115a、115b的表面性质还可以被定制成避免检测光的损失或减少环境光或杂散光的影响,如下文进一步描述的。
发射器105和/或检测器106可以安装到基板119。基板119可以包括与框架元件113的对应配合表面120b相对布置的倒角边缘120a。框架元件113的配合表面120b可以与法向轴线104形成角度122,如图3和图6中示意性地示出。这使得能够有效地将基板119锁定就位在相对于框架元件113的正确位置上。因此,可以促进发射器105和/或检测器106相对于光导向表面109的安全对准,这进而促进信号优化。如图3所示,设置框架元件113的成角度的表面120b可同时使得能够移除第二通道壁115的最靠近基板119的至少一部分,并降低阻挡来自发射器105或到达检测器106的光的风险(参见例如图2与图3)。
通道112的壁115a、115b可以包括漫射光散射表面。因此,壁115a、115b也可用作反射元件,这使得能够更好地管理光,例如,将光回收利用和将来自丢失方向的光反射到光导向表面109。因此,较大部分的发射光110被利用。同时,壁115a、115b的表面可被定制以提供反射光的镜面分量。这使得能够改善反射光的方向性,例如能够将光引导至面板101上方的光导向表面109。反射光的镜面分量的比率可以通过如下方式改变,所述方式即,对通道壁115、115b进行不同的表面处理,以例如影响其表面粗糙度。光导向表面109的反射特性也可以通过如下表面处理来改变,所述表面处理可以包括蚀刻、喷珠、喷砂、拉丝(brushing)和/或阳极化,如下文更详细地描述。
如图3和图4所示,支撑件123可附接至基板119。支撑件123可以在平行于平面103的方向上在框架元件113的框架壁124a、124b与基板119之间延伸。支撑件123可促进基板119相对于框架元件113的对准。这可便于制造并使得发射器105和/或检测器106能够相对于框架元件113精确定位。
框架元件113可以成形为形成空腔125。发射器105和/或检测器106安装到基板119上,并且基板119可以布置在空腔125中,使得发射器105和/或检测器106比基板119更靠近面板101的相应边缘114布置,如图3中示意性示出。如上文所述,由于发射器105和/或检测器106更靠近面板101的边缘114布置,这使得边框的宽度(即光导向部108沿平面103的方向的宽度)最小化,同时保持面板101的有利密封效果。因此提供了一种更紧凑的触摸感测设备100。
具体地,空腔125可以在平行于平面103的方向上以宽度(d2)在第一框架壁124a与相对的第二框架壁124b之间延伸,第一框架壁最靠近面板101的相应边缘114布置。基板119可布置在空腔125中,使得发射器105和/或检测器106比基板119更靠近第一框架壁124a布置,如图3所示。这使得能够沿平面103的方向将边框的宽度最小化。
如图2所示,基板119可以在法向轴线104的方向104’上以细长形状延伸。这提供了减小触摸感测设备100在垂直于法向轴线104的方向上的尺寸,这在该方向上的空间量受到限制的一些应用中和/或当可用触摸表面102与周围框架部件的比例要被优化时可能是期望的。将基板119沿法向轴线104的方向104’延伸与发射器105和/或检测器106比基板119更靠近第一框架壁124a布置相结合,提供了对沿平面103方向的空间的特别有效的利用。
图9a示出了基板119沿平面103的方向延伸的示例,其使得能够实现沿着法向轴线104的方向的紧凑尺寸。当与特别平坦的显示面板301结合使用时,这可能是有利的,但是在这种情况下,围绕显示区域的在平面103的方向上的尺寸可能增加。图9b是基板119沿着平面103的方向延伸的另一示例,但是在该另一示例中,发射器105和/或检测器106被布置成经由反射表面135在平面103的方向上发射/接收光。这使得能够实现沿着法向轴线104的方向的紧凑尺寸。反射表面135可以是镜面反射表面。
光导向表面109可以是阳极化的金属。光导向表面109也可以经过表面处理以将光110朝向触摸表面102漫射地反射。阳极化处理改变了表面109的微观织构,并增加了表面109上的自然氧化层的厚度。阳极化的氧化表面的厚度和孔隙率可以改变。阳极化表面可以被染成各种颜色以获得所需的外观。多种不同的颜色可以在红外范围内提供有利的反射率值(例如超过80%),例如,铝被阳极化成黑色、灰色或银色。其它金属也可以提供有利的反射率特性,例如银。使用940nm以上的波长可能是特别有利的,在这种情况下,许多阳极化材料开始显著反射。通过使用例如铝的不同合金也可以提供不同的颜色。通过对阳极化金属或合金进行不同的表面处理,可以改变反射率的漫反射分量和镜面反射分量。因此,可以改变表面粗糙度以优化上述反射分量的比率。反射光的方向性可以通过增加镜面分量来增加,而随机散射量则随着漫射分量的增加而增加。例如,增加来自光导向表面109的反射的镜面分量可以增加扫描线的强度。在这种情况下,可以改变发射器105的数量和/或位置,以补偿由于漫射光散射的减少而导致的扫描线的任何变窄。因此,在一些示例中,可以优化光导向表面109的反射特性,同时实现阳极化表面的期望的美学外观。
不同的表面粗糙度特性可以通过各种工艺来实现,例如蚀刻、喷砂、喷珠、机械加工、拉丝、抛光、以及上文提到的阳极化。在一个示例中,光导向表面109可以具有由0.1至0.35之间的斜率RMS(Δq)限定的表面粗糙度。对于有利的扩散率,斜率RMS(Δq)可以为0.1至0.25之间。较高的值可能降低信号的强度,并且过弱的信号可能导致对公差更敏感的系统,在该系统中,光在平面103中穿过触摸表面102传播的角度(如在图1c中的示例中由角度表示的)减小并由发射器视角和检测器视角限制。此外,扫描线宽度可能会变得太窄。在另一示例中,对于特别有利的扩散率,斜率RMS(Δq)可以在0.13至0.20之间,该特别有利的扩散率用于提供优化的信号强度和触摸检测过程,同时保持触摸感测设备100的部件的有利功耗。
当有适当的斜率变化时,喷击或蚀刻表面的高度变化通常在1微米至20微米的范围内。然而,如上所述的斜率RMS(Δq)优化提供了反射特性的最有效定制。在一些示例中,光导向表面109具有低粗糙度。在一个示例中,光导向表面109可以是未经历任何处理以增加表面粗糙度的阳极化金属表面。在这种情况下,光导向表面109可以在挤压处理之后直接阳极化。在这种情况下,光导向表面109可以是镜面状的,即,表面109没有经过任何处理以实现光的传播。在这种情况下,斜率RMS(Δq)可以在0至0.1之间,以提供镜面状表面。在特定触摸检测过程需要窄的扫描线的应用中,例如,在有利地增加沿期望方向穿过触摸表面102的可用检测光的量时,这种表面可能是有利的。
框架元件113可以包括光导向部108。即,光导向部108例如通过挤压直接从框架元件113形成为整体件。框架元件113和光导向部108可以由诸如铝的各种金属形成。因此,光导向表面109可以是框架元件113的阳极化金属表面。框架元件113因此可以用作漫射光散射元件,而不必提供用于漫射光散射的单独光学部件。因此,利用这种集成的光导向表面109,可以进一步减少部件的数量。这进一步消除了对具有额外的光学密封元件以保护这种单独的光学部件的需要。因此,提供了一种更容易组装的更稳健的触摸感测设备100。此外,通道112的壁115a、115b的表面可以是框架元件113的金属表面。壁115a、115b的反射特性可以如上文关于相对于光导向表面109所述的那样被定制。框架元件113可以形成空腔125,发射器105和/或检测器106布置在该空腔中。因此,框架元件113可以形成为单个整体件,其具有用于基板119的光导向表面109、115a、115b和空腔125,以及用于显示器301的连接到背面框架302的任何安装接口129,如图1a中示意性示出。这使得能够将触摸感测设备100的光机械部件的数量最小化,从而进一步提供一种特别稳健的触摸感测设备100,该触摸感测设备不太复杂并且更适于大规模生产。
光导向部108可以包括与光导向表面109相对的外表面126,如图2所示。光导向表面109可以具有比外表面126更高的反射率。为框架元件113的光导向部108提供不同的表面处理使得能够通过光导向表面109在触摸表面102上具有有效且优化的光散射,而面向用户的外表面126具有低反射率,以使朝向用户的光反射最小化。此外,这在不影响光学功能(例如,避免由于具有太大的斜率而使光导向表面109过于哑光)的同时提供了所需的表面外观。因此,由于可以唯一地处理框架元件113的单个整体件的截面以实现所需的光反射性功能,因此可以实现制造材料的特别有效的利用。例如,不需要对单独的光学部件进行对准。
在一个示例中,通道112的壁115a、115b可以具有比光导向表面109更高的镜面反射率。这可以提供发射光朝向光导向表面109的更受控制的反射。光导向表面109可以反过来提供更大的漫射分量,用于展宽穿过触摸表面102的扫描线。
在一个方面中,提供了一种触摸感测设备100,该触摸感测设备包括面板101,面板限定出在具有法向轴线104的平面103中延伸的触摸表面102。沿着面板101的外周107布置多个发射器105和多个检测器106。光导向部108邻近外周107布置,并包括光导向表面109。发射器105被布置成发射光110,光导向表面109被布置成接收光110并引导光110穿过触摸表面102。面板101包括与触摸表面102相对的后表面111。发射器105和/或检测器106布置成与后表面111相对,以通过框架元件113中的通道112发射和/或接收光。光导向表面109通过面板101和通道112接收来自发射器105的光,或者将光引导到检测器106。框架元件113由金属形成并包括光导向部108,其中,光导向表面109是框架元件113的阳极化金属表面。框架元件113还可以形成空腔125,发射器105和/或检测器106布置在该空腔中,使得发射光110的光学轴线110’基本上平行于法向轴线104。因此,通过提供具有改进的信噪比和增加的触摸检测性能的紧凑型触摸感测设备100,触摸感测设备100提供了如上所述的有利优点。
图10a是制造用于触摸感测设备100的框架元件113的方法200的流程图。方法200包括挤压201框架元件113以形成光导向部108和空腔125,该空腔适于接纳包括发射器105和/或检测器106的基板119。图7a示出了这种受挤压的框架元件113的示例。方法200还包括铣削202空腔125的壁部127以形成通道112。图7a用虚线表示被铣削掉的壁部127,从而如图7b所示,将敞开的通道112设置到空腔125中。通道112由通道壁或表面115a、115b限定。因此,当基板119布置在空腔125中时,光导向部108的光导向表面109可以通过通道112接收来自发射器105的光,或者将光引导到检测器106。因此,可以通过挤压201和铣削202来提供框架元件113的单个整体件,该整体件整合了对基板119以及光导向表面109、115a、115b的对准功能和支撑功能。提供了便利的制造,同时可以在该过程中保持框架元件113的结构完整性和期望的公差。此外,铣削202用于按要求制作通道112的尺寸,这在挤压过程中是困难的。
图7c示出了受挤压的框架元件113的另一示例。框架元件113可以被成形为使得光导向表面109具有自由视线137、137’,以促进对光导向表面109的任何后续表面处理。视线137、137’可以平行于光导向表面109的法线(n)延伸。图7c示出了一示例,在该示例中,用下虚线137和上虚线137’表示光导向表面109的视线,下虚线对应于表面109的法线(n)。具有自由视线137、137’,即所述视线137、137’没有被框架元件113阻挡或与之交叉,使得能够优化光导向表面109的后续表面处理工艺,例如喷砂。因此,可以有助于获得光导向表面109的期望特性。框架元件113可以包括倾斜部138,如图7c中示意性地指示的,这使得能够获得如上所述的光导向表面109的自由视线137、137’,同时保持框架元件113的紧凑轮廓。倾斜部138可以布置成使得下视线137可以延伸超出框架元件113,而不与框架元件113或倾斜部138相交,该下视线对应于在表面109的下端点139处(最靠近壁部127)法线(n)与表面109的交点,如在图7c的示例中所示。这为整个光导向表面109的表面处理提供了便利的接近,同时保持了特别紧凑的框架元件113。壁部127可以是倾斜部138的一部分。
图10b至图10c是方法200的进一步流程图。方法200可包括对光导向表面109进行蚀刻或者喷珠或喷砂2011、2031。因此,光导向表面109可以具有不同的反射率特性。在一个示例中,如图10b所示,在铣削202之前执行对光导向表面109的蚀刻或者喷珠或喷砂2011。因此,光导向表面109可以具有不同的反射率特性,而不影响通道112的表面115a、115b,这些表面例如在喷砂期间被壁部127屏蔽。如上所述,有利的是保持壁115a、115b的较大镜面反射分量(如在挤压工艺之后提供的),同时随后可以处理光导向表面109以提供更多的漫反射。在一些示例中,对光导向表面109的蚀刻或喷珠或喷砂2031可在所述铣削202之后执行,如图10c所示。在一些示例中,对光导向表面109的蚀刻或者喷珠或喷砂2031可以在下文描述的附加铣削步骤203之后执行,如图10c中进一步指示的。如上所述,方法200可包括对框架元件113的金属进行阳极化204。
方法200可以包括铣削203受挤压的光导向部108的顶部128,使得当光导向部109布置在框架元件113中时,光导向部在面板101的触摸表面102上方的高度(h)减小。图8a示出了挤压后的光导向部108的示例的详细视图。顶部128的尖端130的半径受到挤压工艺的限制。图8b示出了在沿着图8a中的虚线铣削掉顶部128之后的光导向部108。经铣削的光导向部108具有高度(h),并且如图8b所示,对应的尖端130’更锋利,即,与挤压后提供的尖端130相比,半径减小。因此,通过铣削掉顶部128,提供了更紧凑的光导向部108,而光导向部108的用于反射穿过触摸表面102的光的部分基本上不受影响。图8a中的圆形尖端130对于引导光穿过触摸表面102不是有用的。如图8b所示,圆形尖端130因此被移除。因此,对顶部128进行铣削使得能够更有效地利用光导向部108的高度。因此,可以提供触摸表面102上方的扫描线的足够高度或高度分布,以能够可靠地识别具有不同尖端尺寸的不同触摸对象,同时将边框高度最小化。在一些示例中,高度在1.5mm至2mm的范围内。在一些示例中,1.8mm的高度可能是特别有利的,这提供了齐平边框的外观。
光导向表面109可以是凹入的,如图8c中示意性地示出。具有朝向触摸表面102凹入的光导向表面109使得能够根据需要控制反射光的方向并增加扫描线的信号强度。光导向表面109可以是抛物面型凹入的。由于光导向表面109可以如上所述直接形成在框架元件113中,因此凹入形状可以直接成形在框架元件113中。因此,可以通过将框架元件113直接成形来控制光反射,而不必引入任何附加的光学部件。
图8d是在不同视图I至III中的光导向表面109的细节的示意图。第一视图(I)沿着平面103的方向103,例如沿着图8c中的箭头103。因此,光导向表面109被示为布置在面板101上方的细长部分,而发射器105和检测器106被示为布置在面板101下方的细长部分。图8d在第二视图(II)中示出了光导向表面109的详细截面。光导向表面109可以被铣削或以其他方式机械加工以在表面109中形成图案。图8d的第三视图(III)是沿视图(II)中A-A的横截面,在图8d中示出了这种图案的示例,其中周期性脊部136形成起伏图案或格栅。可以通过铣削或其他加工工艺直接在框架元件113中形成不同的图案,以提供具有所需反射特性的光导向表面109,从而控制穿过触摸表面102的光的方向。
下面描述漫射光散射表面的进一步实例。所描述的漫射光散射表面中的任何一个可以设置在光导向表面109上。漫射光散射表面可以被配置成呈现出至少50%的漫反射,优选地至少70%至85%的漫反射。对于具有例如黑色外观的材料,通过如上所述的阳极化(例如使用金属盐进行电解着色),可以获得超过70%的反射性(940nm)。漫射光散射表面可以被实现为例如通过阳极化、涂绘、喷涂、层压、胶合等涂敷的涂层、层或膜。如上所述的蚀刻和喷击是用于达到所需漫射反射性的有效过程。在一个示例中,漫射光散射表面被实现为哑光白色涂料或油墨。为了获得高漫反射性,涂料/油墨可能优选含有具有高折射率的颜料。一种这样的颜料是TiO2,其折射率n=2.8。漫射光散射表面可以包括具有变化折射率的材料。还希望,例如减少菲涅耳损失,使涂料填料和/或涂料载体的折射率与其表面涂敷有该涂料填料和/或涂料载体的材料的折射率相匹配。采用陶氏化学公司提供的EVOQUETM预复合聚合物技术,可进一步提高涂料的性能。商业上有许多其他的涂覆材料可用作漫射器,例如氟聚合物Spectralon、聚氨酯搪瓷、硫酸钡基涂料或溶液、粒状PTFE、微孔聚酯、漫反射器产品、拜尔公司提供的聚碳酸酯薄膜等。替代性地,漫射光散射表面可以实现为平面或片状装置,例如,上述工程漫射器、漫射膜或通过例如粘合剂附着的白纸。根据其他替代方案,漫射光散射表面可以实现为在外表面上的半随机化(非周期性)的微结构,该微结构可能与反射材料的覆盖层结合。
微结构可通过蚀刻、压花、模塑、喷砂、刮擦、拉丝等设置在这种外表面和/或内表面上。漫射光散射表面可包括可在模塑过程中形成的沿这种内表面的空气袋。在另一替代方案中,漫射光散射表面可以是透光的(例如透光漫射材料或透光工程漫射器),并且在外表面覆盖有反射材料涂层。漫射光散射表面的另一个示例是提供在粗糙表面上的反射涂层。
漫射光散射表面可以包括透镜或衍射光栅结构。柱状透镜结构可以结合到膜中。漫射光散射表面可以包括各种周期性结构,例如设置在内表面和/或外表面上的正弦波纹。周期长度可以在0.1mm至1mm之间的范围内。周期性结构可以被对准以实现在期望方向上的散射。
因此,如上所述,漫射光散射表面可以包括;白色或彩色涂料、白色或彩色纸、Spectralon、由反射材料、扩散聚合物或金属覆盖的透光扩散材料、工程扩散器、反射半随机微结构、内部模制的空气袋或扩散材料膜、包括例如柱状透镜或其他微透镜结构或光栅结构的不同工程膜。优选地,漫射光散射表面具有低近红外(NIR)吸收率。
在上述实施例中的任一个的变型(其中漫射光散射元件提供反射器表面)中,漫射光散射元件可以不具有镜面分量或具有微少的镜面分量。这可以通过使用空气中的哑光扩散膜、内部反射的大型扩散器或大型的透射扩散器来实现。这通过避免通常由具有镜面分量的漫射器界面产生的窄的、超施加的镜面扫描线,并且仅提供宽的、漫射的扫描线轮廓,来实现有效的扫描线展宽。通过从触摸信号中移除超施加的镜面扫描线,系统可以更容易地使用宽的、扩散的扫描线轮廓。优选地,漫射光散射表面具有小于1%,甚至更优选地小于0.1%的镜面分量。替代地,在镜面分量大于0.1%的情况下,漫射光散射元件优选地配置有表面粗糙度(例如微结构)以降低光泽度。
面板101可以由玻璃、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)或聚碳酸酯(PC)制成。面板101可以被设计成覆盖在显示装置或监视器(未示出)上或集成到显示装置或监视器中。可以想象,面板101不需要是透光的,即,触摸的输出不需要经由所述显示装置通过面板101呈现,而是显示在另一个外部显示器上或传送到任何其他装置、处理器、存储器等。面板101可以设置有屏蔽层,例如印刷件,即带有油墨的盖,以阻挡不希望的环境光。因此,可以减少到达检测器106的杂散光和环境光的量。
如本文所使用的,发射器105可以是能够在期望波长范围内发射辐射的任何类型的装置,例如二极管激光器、竖直腔面发射激光器(vertical-cavity surface-emittinglaser,VCSEL)、发光二极管(light-emitting diode,LED)、白炽灯、卤素灯等。发射器105还可以由光纤的末端形成。发射器105可以产生任何波长范围内的光。下面的示例假定光是在红外区(IR)中产生的,即波长为大约750nm时产生的。类似地,检测器106可以是能够将光(在相同波长范围内)转换成电信号的任何装置,例如光电检测器、CCD装置、CMOS装置等。
关于上面的讨论,“漫反射”是指光从表面反射,使得入射光线以多个角度反射,而不是像“镜面反射”中那样只以一个角度反射。因此,漫射反射元件在被照亮时将在元件上的每个位置通过大立体角的反射发射光。漫反射也被称为“散射”。所描述的示例主要参照与发射器105有关的前述元件,以使说明清楚,尽管应当理解相应的布置也可以应用于检测器106。
上文主要参照一些实施例描述了本发明。然而,如本领域技术人员容易理解的,在本发明的范围和精神内,除了上面公开的实施例之外的其他实施例同样是可能的,本发明仅由所附的专利权利要求书限定和限制。
例如,前面所说明和讨论的发射器和检测器的具体布置仅仅是作为一个示例给出的。本发明的耦合结构在任何触摸感测系统中都是有用的,该任何触摸感测系统通过将由多个发射器产生的光传输穿过面板,并在多个检测器处检测由在触摸点处与所传输的光的相互作用引起的接收光的变化来操作。
Claims (24)
1.触摸感测设备(100),所述触摸感测设备包括:
面板(101),所述面板限定触摸表面(102),所述触摸表面在具有法向轴线(104)的平面(103)中延伸,
沿所述面板的外周(107)布置的多个发射器(105)和多个检测器(106),
光导向部(108),所述光导向部邻近所述外周布置并包括光导向表面(109),
其中,所述发射器被布置成发射光(110),并且所述光导向表面被布置成接收所述光并引导所述光穿过所述触摸表面,
其中,所述面板包括与所述触摸表面相对的后表面(111),并且所述发射器和/或所述检测器与所述后表面相对布置以通过框架元件(113)中的通道(112)发射和/或接收光,所述通道与所述后表面相对布置并在所述法向轴线的方向(104’)上延伸,
其中,所述光导向表面和所述通道布置在所述面板的相对侧上并在所述平面的方向上重叠,
由此,所述光导向表面在所述法向轴线的方向上通过所述面板和所述通道接收来自所述发射器的光或将光引导到所述检测器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的触摸感测设备,其中,所述光导向表面与所述触摸表面的平面之间的角度(v)小于45度或在45度以上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的触摸感测设备,所述面板具有在所述触摸表面和所述后表面之间延伸的边缘(114),
所述通道在与所述平面平行的方向上以宽度(d1)在第一通道壁(115a)和相对的第二通道壁(115b)之间延伸,所述第一通道壁最靠近所述面板的相应边缘(114)布置,
其中,所述第一通道壁以一角度(116)朝向所述法向轴线的方向(104’)延伸。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的触摸感测设备,其中,所述光导向表面(109)从所述光导向部的最靠近所述触摸表面布置的边缘部(121)延伸到所述光导向部的突起(117),所述突起在平行于所述平面的方向上延伸,以屏蔽环境光或杂散光使其不被反射到所述通道。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的触摸感测设备,其中,所述发射器和/或所述检测器安装到基板(119),所述基板包括倒角边缘(120a),所述倒角边缘被布置成与所述框架元件的与所述法向轴线形成一角度(122)的相应配合表面(120b)相对。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的触摸感测设备,其中,所述通道的壁(115a,115b)包括漫射光散射表面。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的触摸感测设备,其中,所述发射器和/或所述检测器安装到基板(119),
其中,支撑件(123)附接到所述基板,所述支撑件在平行于所述平面的方向上在所述框架元件(113)的框架壁(124a,124b)和所述基板之间延伸。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的触摸感测设备,其中,所述面板具有在所述触摸表面和所述后表面之间延伸的边缘(114),
其中,所述框架元件形成空腔(125),
其中,所述发射器和/或所述检测器安装到基板(119)上,并且所述基板布置在所述空腔中,使得所述发射器和/或所述检测器比所述基板更靠近所述面板的相应边缘布置。
9.根据权利要求8所述的触摸感测设备,其中,所述空腔(125)在与所述平面平行的方向上以宽度(d2)在第一框架壁(124a)和相对的第二框架壁(124b)之间延伸,所述第一框架壁最靠近所述面板的相应边缘(114)布置,
其中,所述基板布置在所述空腔中,使得所述发射器和/或所述检测器比所述基板更靠近所述第一框架壁布置。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的触摸感测设备,其中,所述基板在所述法向轴线的方向(104’)上以细长形状延伸。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的触摸感测设备,其中,所述光导向表面是阳极化金属。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的触摸感测设备,其中,所述光导向表面是蚀刻金属、喷砂金属、喷珠金属或拉丝金属,以用于增加表面粗糙度并在所述触摸表面上漫射地反射所述光。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的触摸感测设备,其中,所述框架元件包括所述光导向部,其中,所述框架元件由所述金属形成,
由此,所述光导向表面是所述框架元件的阳极化金属表面和/或所述框架元件的蚀刻金属表面、喷砂金属表面、喷珠金属表面或拉丝金属表面。
14.根据权利要求13所述的触摸感测设备,其中,所述金属表面朝向所述触摸表面凹入。
15.根据权利要求11至14中任一项所述的触摸感测设备,其中,所述框架元件形成空腔(125),所述发射器和/或所述检测器布置在所述空腔中。
16.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的触摸感测设备,其中,所述光导向表面(109)具有由在0.1至0.25之间的斜率RMS(Δq)限定的表面粗糙度。
17.根据权利要求16所述的触摸感测设备,其中,所述光导向表面(109)具有由在0.13至0.20之间的斜率RMS(Δq)限定的表面粗糙度。
18.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的触摸感测设备,其中,所述光导向表面(109)具有由在0至0.1之间的斜率RMS(Δq)限定的表面粗糙度。
19.根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的触摸感测设备,其中,所述光导向部包括与所述光导向表面相对的外表面(126),其中,所述光导向表面具有比所述外表面更高的反射率。
20.根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的触摸感测设备,其中,所述通道的壁(115a,115b)具有比所述光导向表面更高的镜面反射率。
21.触摸感测设备(100),所述触摸感测设备包括:
面板(101),所述面板限定触摸表面(102),所述触摸表面在具有法向轴线(104)的平面(103)中延伸,
沿所述面板的外周(107)布置的多个发射器(105)和检测器(106),
光导向部(108),所述光导向部邻近所述外周布置,并包括光导向表面(109),
其中,所述发射器被布置成发射光(110),并且所述光导向表面被布置成接收所述光并引导所述光穿过所述触摸表面,
所述面板包括与所述触摸表面相对的后表面(111),
所述发射器和/或所述检测器与后表面相对布置,以通过框架元件(113)中的通道(112)发射和/或接收光,
所述光导向表面通过所述面板和所述通道接收来自所述发射器的光,或将光引导到所述检测器,
其中,所述框架元件由金属形成并包括所述光导向部,所述光导向表面是所述框架元件的阳极化金属表面。
22.制造用于触摸感测设备(100)的框架元件(113)的方法(200),所述方法包括:
挤压(201)所述框架元件以形成光导向部(108)和空腔(125),所述空腔适于接纳包括发射器(105)和/或检测器(106)的基板(119),以及
铣削(202)所述空腔的壁部(127)以形成通道(112),使得在使用中,所述光导向部的光导向表面(109)通过所述通道接收来自所述发射器的光或将光引导到所述检测器。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,所述方法包括对所述光导向表面进行蚀刻或喷珠或喷砂(2011)。
24.根据权利要求22或23所述的方法,所述方法包括铣削(203)受挤压的光导向部的顶部(128),使得当布置在所述框架元件中时,所述光导向部在面板(101)的触摸表面(102)上方的高度(h)减小。
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2021
- 2021-01-25 CN CN202180012608.4A patent/CN115039063A/zh active Pending
- 2021-01-25 EP EP21705646.4A patent/EP4104042A1/en active Pending
- 2021-01-25 JP JP2022546622A patent/JP2023512682A/ja active Pending
- 2021-01-25 WO PCT/SE2021/050040 patent/WO2021162602A1/en unknown
- 2021-01-25 US US17/759,836 patent/US11893189B2/en active Active
- 2021-01-25 KR KR1020227029271A patent/KR20220131982A/ko unknown
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KR20220131982A (ko) | 2022-09-29 |
JP2023512682A (ja) | 2023-03-28 |
EP4104042A1 (en) | 2022-12-21 |
US20230068643A1 (en) | 2023-03-02 |
WO2021162602A1 (en) | 2021-08-19 |
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