CN1066036C - 用于吸入装置的药物包 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种与吸入装置一起使用的药物包(401)，该药物包上至少有一个容装粉状药物的容器形成在可剥开地相互固定在一起的两片薄片(403、404)之间。该吸入装置包含在一打开位置用于剥开薄片以打开容器的装置，和一个与该打开的容器连通的出口，通过该出口，使用者可从己打开的容器中吸入粉状的药物。
Description
本申请为在1991年3月1日提交的、申请号为91101342.3的、发明名称为“吸入装置”的发明专利申请的分案。
原申请91101342.3描述并请求保护一种跟药物包一起使用的吸入装置，在该药物包内至少有一个由两个可剥开地相互固定在一起的部件限定的装粉状药物的容器；该吸入装置包含有对所述至少一个容器限定一个开口位置的装置、在该开口位置用以剥开药物包的两个部件以打开该容器的装置、和一个跟已打开的容器相连通使使用者能从已打开的容器吸入粉状药物的出口。
本发明涉及一种跟一种通过它使用者可吸入粉状药物的吸入装置一起使用的药物包。
跟药物以粉状形式保存在泡囊内的泡囊包一起使用的吸入装置是公知的。这样的装置包括一个依次刺破每个泡囊以使药物能从其中吸出的穿刺元件。本发明的目的在于提供一种具有很多分立的单位剂量的、跟原申请91101342.3中所描述的吸入装置一起使用的药物包。
可剥开的配用包是公知的。GB1048672(Diamant)描述了一种成带状的配用包，其中待配用的物质装在形成在两排包皮之内或在一排可剥开的包皮与一条带之间的空腔内。
GB1019963(Bodet)描述了一种由两片粘结在一起的片材形成并设计成可用人手剥开的泡囊包。该泡囊包成形成提供多排通过在片材中平行于每排的横向切痕之间的小桥接部相互分开的泡囊。每排泡囊可以独立于其它排来打开。
上述两个公开件涉及带有多剂粉状药物的药物包的使用。但是，在这两个公开件中并没有揭示这些药物包可以用于可吸入的药粉，并且难以预料到任何可以用于方便地从这样的药粉包吸入粉状药物的装置。
根据本发明，提供了一种用于吸入装置内的药物包，该药物包包含一条由一片具有多个沿其长度隔开设置的凹腔的基片和一片可剥开地气密封接在基片上以构成多个容器的密封盖片形成的长形带，每个容器内具有粉状的吸入药物。该长形带最好是足够地柔软，以便缠绕成卷。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细的说明，其中：
图1是跟本发明的药物包一起使用的吸入装置的第一实施例的后视图；
图2是图1所示实施例的各部件的轴测分解图；
图3a、3b和3c分别是一轴测图、一纵向截面图和一端视图(局部刻开)，表示用在图1和图2所示实施例中的离合器；
图4a和4b分别是用比图1和图2更大比例表示的一接口件的轴向截面和横截面，该接口件可用在吸入装置的第一实施例中(或用在一些其它的实施例中)；
图5是吸入装置的第二实施例的前视图，其上一个盖子已拆下以表示内部结构；
图6是吸入装置的第二实施例的后视图，但表示了其内部结构；
图7是吸入装置的第二实施例的轴测前视图；
图8是吸入装置的第二实施例的轴测后视图；
图9是吸入装置的第二实施例的轴测分解图；
图10是吸入装置的第三实施例的前视图；用以显示其内部结构；
图11是一放大比例的轴向视图表示吸入装置的第三实施例的接口件；
图12是吸入装置的第三实施例的仰视图；
图13至图16表示吸入装置的第四个实施例，图13是底平面视图，图14是沿图13中B-B线截取的一个截面，图15是沿图13中A-A线截取的一个截面，图16是以较小比例示出的分解图；
图16a至16d示出吸入装置的第四实施例在连续的工作步骤情况下的视图，图16e是图16a中沿A-A线截取的截面；
图17到20表示吸入装置的第五实施例，图17是一端视图，图18是图17中沿A-A线截取的一个截面，图19是图17中沿B-B线截取的一个截面，图20是一个分解图；
图21至24表示吸入装置的第六实施例，图21是一个端视图，图22是图21中沿A-A线截取的一个截面，图23是图21中沿B-B线截取的一个截面图，图24是一个分解图；
图25至29表示一个改进的离合器，该离合器可以用在吸入装置需用的一些实施例中，这些图分别是一前视图，一俯视图，一后视图，一左侧视图和一个轴测视图；
图30是一个分解的透视图，表示可以使用的离合器的另一实施例；
图31是可以使用的离合器的又一个实施例的分解透视图；
图31a是图31中示出的离合器的横截面；
图32至34以后视图表示吸入装置的另一实施例的连续工作位置；
图35是本发明的药物包的一个实施例的放大透视图。
现在参考图1、2和3a至3c，这些图表示一个吸入药物的装置，其内装有一条构成许多凹腔2的挠性带1，每个凹腔容纳一剂可以被吸入的粉状药物。挠性带1包括一个其上形成有泡囊以构成凹腔2的基片3和一个除了泡囊范围之外气密封接在基片3上的盖片4，盖片4盖在基片上的方法使其能从基片上剥离开。这两个薄片除了在其上的前端部分之外在它们的整个宽度上相互密封，其前端部分最好相互完全不封住。盖片和基片各自最好由一塑料/铝层压薄片制成，并且该盖片和基片最好用热封法相互粘接。例如，盖片材料可以是由每平方米50克漂白牛皮纸/12微米聚酯(PETP)膜/20微米软化回火铝箔/每平方米9克乙烯可剥的热封胶膜(对聚氯乙烯是可封的)组成的层压薄片，基片材料可以是由100微米聚氯乙烯/45微米软化回火铝箔/25微米定向聚酰胺组成的层压薄片。盖片材料上的胶膜封接在基片材料的聚氯乙烯层上，以便在盖片和基片之间提供可剥离的封接。
图中所示的挠性带具有多个相对于挠性带长度横向延伸的长形空腔。这样便于在一给定长度的挠性带上能设置大量的凹腔。例如，这个挠性带上可设置六十或一百个凹腔，但应当理解到，该挠性带可以设置任何合适数量的凹腔。
该吸入药物的装置包括一个构成三个贮放室的壳体10，即一个用以将挠性带1最初装在其内并从那里发送出来的腔室11，一个用于容纳基片3用过部分的腔室12，和一个用于在其内将用过的盖片部分缠绕在一个盖片轮14上的腔室13。腔室11和12带有各自弯曲的簧片28和29，其用途在下面进行说明。该壳体确定了另一放置分度轮16的腔室15。分度轮具有许多平行于其轴线延伸的槽17。这些槽以一个等于两相邻凹腔2的中心线之间的距离的节距间隔开。腔室11、12、13和15都由盖子30封住。腔室15分别通过通道31、33和32与腔室11、12和13连通。
腔室15与一缝隙18相通，该缝隙又向上伸入一接口件20内。该缝隙18还与各空气入口相连通，这方面内容将在下面参考图4a和4b中所示的具体的接口件进行说明。接口件20设有附加的空气入口21。虽然这些入口可以是一些其它的形状，但这里所示的是一对如图4a和4b所示的圆孔形的入口。虽然这些附加空气入口21可以用作一个或更多的附加用途，但在图4a和4b中所示的空气入口的主要用途是为使用者提供附加的空气，并由此减小吸入的阻力，这部分内容将参考那些附图在下面进行说明。
该吸入装置没有一种装置，通过该装置，使用者可以一预定大小的步距转动分度轮和盖片轮。该装置包括一个棘轮22和一个齿轮23，它们连接起来与分度轮16一致地转动；一个安排成绕着与棘轮22和齿轮23相同的轴线转动，但独立于它们的手柄24；和一个与齿轮23啮合安排成转动盖片轮14的齿轮25。手柄24带有一个推杆26，它的端部与棘轮22的齿啮合。该棘轮的齿还与一个牢固地固定在壳体10上的棘爪27啮合。由于这些原因，从下面描述的这个实施例的工作情况可以清楚地看出，齿轮25不直接与盖片轮14连接，而是通过一个安装在盖片轮14内的滑动离合器50连接。设置这种离合器的作用是当转动盖片轮要求的力超过一预定值时，在盖片轮和齿轮25之间出现滑动。
离合器50包括一个配置有径向伸出锯齿52或其它粗糙表面的圆盘51，该锯齿或粗糙表面的作用是用一压缩弹簧54保持与配置在盖片轮14的一个端面上的类似锯齿或粗糙表面53相啮合。弹簧54的一端顶在盖轮的向内导入的表面55上，另一端顶在旋紧在螺栓57上的螺母56上。
上述的装置可以制成在凹腔2内容纳的药物都发放完之后可重复使用的结构。在那种情况下，该装置可以制成使使用者再次利用该装置的内部，例如，取下盖子30，装入一条新的挠性带1，例如以一装填式盒的形式。但是，该装置可以制成在该挠性带1提供的药物用尽时扔掉。
无论哪一种情况，当该装置第一次使用时，挠性带整体放在腔室11内，由簧片28压成一个相当紧的卷盘，其前端处的一个短部通过通道31穿出通向分度轮16。该挠性带前端的最前部分被剥离开，以便盖片4的前端可以固定在盖片轮14上，从而使基片3的前端可以进入通道33。盖片4的端部由一键34保持在盖片轮14上的适当位置上，键34与盖片轮14上的槽35进行压配合。
需要使用该装置的使用者按图1所示逆时针方向推手柄24，从而使推杆26将棘轮22推过等于与两相邻齿之间角向距离的角度。这就使分度轮16转过一个与槽17的节距相等并由此与挠性带上两个相邻的空腔2之间的距离相等的角位移。这就使得一个凹腔2与壳体10上的缝隙18相对。由于棘轮22和齿轮23同步运动，并由于齿轮25与齿轮23啮合，所以手柄24的运动也使盖片轮14转动。这样就将盖片4从基片3上剥开一足够的部分，以便露出与缝隙18对准的凹腔2的内含物。
当使用者通过接口件20吸入时，产生的空气流从打开的凹腔中吸入药粉，使这些药粉被使用者吸入。可能产生这种吸入的一种方法在下面参考图4a和4b中所示的接口件实施例更详细地说明。上述过程每重复一次，盖片的又一长度缠绕在盖片轮14上，并且基片的又一长度通过通道33进入腔室12。其内的簧片29保证该基片卷成圈并不会在腔室12的壁部上绊住。
在盖片轮14上缠绕盖片的一个结果是该轮子加上缠绕在其上的盖片的外径逐渐增大。如果它不是使用滑动离合器将齿轮25连接到盖片轮14上的话，这种缠绕将使手柄24的连续操作试图导致将更长的盖片长度逐渐地缠绕在盖片轮上的结果。但是，该滑动离合器50避免了这种结果、该离合器每次通过的量足以保证对手柄的每次操作使盖片缠绕在其上的量精确地等于凹腔2的节距。
图4a和4b表示其内带有一个凹腔2的分度轮16的一部分，其中连带着一个稍微与图1至图3中所示的接口件不同并用标号120表示的接口件。接口件120具有空气入口140，概括地说涉及它的内容已结合图1至3进行了说明；还具有一个中心药粉出口119，它的一端通向凹腔2，它的另一端通入接口件120的内部。
当使用者通过该接口件120吸气时，引起空气通过入口140流入，然后通过凹腔2进入药粉出口119，并由接口件120流出。如此引导的通过凹腔2的空气流动达到了在空气流中有效地夹带药粉的目的，因而有效地吸空该凹腔。接口件120设有附加的空气入口121，图中所示的该例子中表示了四个入口，它们切向通入该接口件。当使用者吸气时，空气不仅通过空气入口140，而且通过空气入口121吸入接口件内，而且由入口121进入的空气产生一个涡旋的空气流，该空气流有助于在空气流中有效地分布药粉，并减少药粉沉积在该接口件内侧的程度。这种涡旋的空气流也有助于打碎可能存在于泡囊中的药粉的一些团块。
另一种离合器结构表示在图25至29中。在这种结构中，分度轮16和盖片轮14分别带有固定在它们上面用于一起转动的齿轮63和64。转动的方向如图27中的箭头所示。
齿轮63具有齿面65，使齿始终绕着齿面65并以一恒定的节距连续地设置。而齿轮64具有齿面66，由于径向延伸的几个狭槽67使其失去了一些齿。在齿面66上每个狭槽的周向宽度等于一个齿节。这些图上表示了三个这种狭槽。但是应当理解到，可以以一个狭槽、二个狭槽或多于三个的狭槽来取而代之。在每个狭槽67的一侧，实际上是考虑每个狭槽在齿轮64的转动方向的上游端一侧，一个带齿部分68限定在狭槽67和一条窄缝69之间。每条窄缝69的径向内端与一个孔70连通，使每个切齿部分68仅由一个杆部71与齿轮64的其余部分连接。齿轮64，或者至少配置有杆部71的那部分是由允许带齿部分68在圆周方向弹性地前后挠曲的材料制成。带齿部分68的其余部分如图所示，但当一个力按齿轮64的转动方向施加在一个带齿部分68上时，该带齿部分68可以位移，使狭槽67在其径向外端关闭。这种结构的效果是使失去齿的位置不在狭槽67的端部，而是在窄缝69的端部。
当由齿轮63施加在齿轮64上的圆周力低于一预定值时，带齿部分68保持在它的原来位置并且齿轮64的运转正如它具有一类似于齿轮63式的连续齿面一样。但是，如果载荷超过一预定值，带齿部分68与齿轮63每啮合一次，它就发生周向位移，在它的外端关闭狭槽67并打开窄缝69。这种带齿部分68通过与齿节相等的距离的位移具有产生齿轮64相对于齿轮63的滑转等于一个齿节的效果。这样，例举的结构能在每一转使这些齿轮彼此之间滑动的最大距离的总量等于齿节的三倍，因此引起盖片轮和分度轮彼此之间的相应滑转。可以理解到，设置的带齿部分多于或少于例举的三个将产生多于或少于这个最大的滑动量。
吸入药物的装置的第二个实施例表示在图5至9中。该实施例是打算用于除了凹腔的间隔之外(这部分内容见下面的说明)与用在第一实施例中的挠性带1相似的挠性带201的装置。在许多方面第二实施例与第一实施例是相似的，在该第二实施例中大致对应于第一实施例中的特定部件的部件用相同的标号表示，但使其加上数字200。第一实施例和第二实施例之间的主要差别在于后者没有对应于第一实施例中的分度轮16的分度轮。代替挠性带1转位，保证手柄的每次操作使挠性带前进的量等于凹腔节距的装置是由一终止在与相邻凹腔之间啮合的齿252上的弹性挠性杆250实现的。手柄224每操作一次，随着一个凹腔滑过齿252，挠性杆250就被弹性地压下，然后该齿弹回与挠性带上刚通过的凹腔后面相啮合。
显然，正如第一实施例中的情况，在操作过程中，其上缠有盖片的盖片轮214的直径逐渐地增大。由于滑动离合器不能用在这个实施例上，所以上述的效果由朝着挠性带后端逐渐增加的凹腔2的间隔来补偿。
在第一和第二实施例之间的另一个不同点在于后者中腔室211和212形成一个单一的复合腔室，不象在第一实施例中的分开的腔室11和12。但是，并不一定要如此，第一实例可以使用一个单一的复合腔室，第二实施例也可以使用分开的两个腔室。
图10至12表示吸入装置的第三个实施例，在许多方面该实施例与第一实施例是相同的，在第三实施例中对应于第一实施例中的部件用相同的标号表示，但其加上另一数字300。
第二和第三实施例之间的一个明显的差别是使用了一对轮子314a和314b来代替盖片轮14，盖片被夹在轮子314a和314b之间的轮隙中，这对轮子起到一个碾压作用。这对轮子被滚花或设置其它粗糙表面，以改进这些轮子和盖片之间的啮合。用过的盖片不是缠绕起来，而是送入腔室313中，以便不会有当该装置连续的操作时盖片轮试图逐渐地缠绕更长的盖片长度的问题出现，正如在前面二个实施例中没有此问题一样。
图11表示稍微不同于图4a和4b中所示的接口件。所示的该接口件用单一的空气入口340代替成对的空气入口140，并且图4a和4b中的药粉出口119由减小宽度的接口件部分319所代替。但是，应该理解到，图10至12中所示的装置可以改型，以便安装一个更接近图4a和4b中所示的接口件。
图10表示的装置设有一个铰链盖360，并且这种盖可以用于前面二个实施例中的任何一个。图12表示带有一窗口370的装置，通过该窗口可看见挠性带上的指示。用印刷的方法使挠性带上带有与药物已被分发的凹腔数量有关的数字或其它指示，或另一种与待分发的凹腔有关的指示，以便为使用者提供已用去多少，或还剩下多少的指示。另一种可能性是使用一个由吸入装置的一个转动件驱动的剂量计数装置。值得注意的是，用于观察这些指示的类似标示和装置可以设置在所有的实施例上。
图13至16表示吸入装置的第四个实施例，其工作原理类似于第一实施例，并且在第四实施例中与第一实施例中对应的部件用相同的标号表示，但在其上加上数字400。
正如第一实施例一样，该装置容纳着一条挠性带，此处用401表示，它包括一条其上限定许多凹腔402的基片403和一盖片404。该挠性带401非常清楚地表示在图35中。盖片404在其前端形成有用于套连在从齿轮471(下面还要说明)向上伸出的柱471a上的环圈404a。基片具有一个用于啮合在基片缠绕轮470(下面将要说明)上形成的槽470a内的减小宽度的前部403a。基片和盖片的前端部分没有封接在一起，如图35中所示。
壳体410包括底部410a和顶部410b，两者基本上都是圆形的。当该装置装配时，底部和顶部按扣装配在一起。壳体限定了一个单一的内部腔室，挠性带401装在其内，并且其内还装有一个用于缠绕盖片404的用过部分的轮子414，以及基片缠绕轮470和分度轮416。分度轮416是空心的，一个分度棘轮422装在其内。刚才所述的所有轮子都装在由壳体限定的腔室内，以便进行相关的转动运动。棘爪470b装在壳体410上并与基片缠绕轮470的齿啮合，以防止该轮逆时针方向运动，由此保证挠性带401通过该装置仅可以向前运动。
盖片缠绕轮414由二部分形成，即带有齿472和轴473的齿轮471，和一个带有一空心中央轴475和多个弹性臂476的让缩轮474，例如，让缩轮可以是如图所示的从中央轴475各与半径成一角度伸出的八个这种臂。齿轮471具有一个凸块477，它与轴475上的对应槽啮合，以便齿轮471和让缩轮474一致地转动。
空心分度轮416具有与基片缠绕轮470的齿和齿轮471的齿啮合的外齿478。棘轮齿479在分度轮416的内壁上形成，并且该分度棘轮422具有两个与棘轮齿479相啮合的棘爪480。
该装置还有一个手柄424，它包括带有一个指形调整片482的弧形壁481和一个从该弧形壁481向内伸出并在其终端带有一排弧形齿484的壁483。该手柄枢转地安装在底部410a的中心，以便绕着在齿484的节距圆中心的轴线运动，该齿484与分度棘轮422上的齿485啮合。
一个集流管486设在壳体410内的腔室和一个接口件420之间的连通处。该集流管具有一个药粉出口419，还有一个通道487，从而使用过的盖片404可以通向让缩轮474。可选择地设置一个辊子488用以引导挠性带404进入通道487。
一个带有齿490的剂量指示环489可转动地安排在壳体底部410a上。在它的底部表面上有显示标记(图中未显示)，这些标记可以由使用者通过壳体410上的窗口494观察到。从图16a至16d中以看到，当盖491(看下面)关闭和打开时都可以看到该窗口。这些标记不是精确地就是近似地表示剩下的剂量数目(或者，如果愿意的话表示用过的剂量数目)。指示环489由于它的齿490被分度轮的齿478啮合而转动。
该装置设置在盖491的下面，而盖491借助于壳体顶部410b上的一个凸块492和壳体底部410a上的一个对应的凸块493枢转地安装在壳体410上。该盖在一接口件露出的开启位置(见图14)和接口件未露出的关闭位置之间枢转，下面将更详细地说明。
在操作中，使用者将盖491移到其打开位置，然后压住手柄424的指形调整片，使它随着手柄的枢转而运动。这种操作使分度棘轮422转动，这种转动通过棘爪480使分度轮416也转动。分度轮416的转动产生基片缠绕轮470和盖片缠绕轮414二者的转动，由此在一足以露出在集合管486上的药粉出口419端部对面先前未打开的凹腔402的整个一段距离剥开基片和盖片。然后患者与前面的实施例一样通过接口件将药粉吸入。
该装置的连续操作步骤表示在图16a至16d中。在图16a中该装置处于关闭位置。在此步骤中手柄424的指形调整片482位于在壳体410内形成的一个凹座482b中(更清楚的参看图16b和16c)。当壳体410以逆时针方向转动时，盖491保持不动，为此目的在壳体的周缘上设有一凹部410c，以使使用者的一个手指插入。因此，该装置运动到图16b中表示的部分打开位置。在这个过程中，手柄424相对于盖491保持不动。这是通过在手柄内部设有一弹性臂424a，臂顶端424b啮合在盖491上的凹槽491a中实现的。弹性臂424a通过一个圆柱件424c连接在手柄424上。正如图16a中观察到的，臂424a从圆柱件424c逆时针方向伸出一个约90°的弧。圆柱件424c在壳体410上形成的一个弧形槽40d内引导。该槽410d贯穿约180°的圆弧，圆16a中示出圆柱件424c约位于沿其长度的中间位置。在图16b中所示的圆柱件位于一端。
使用者连续地将壳体410从图16b中所示的位置转动到图16c中所示的位置。在这个进一步转动的过程中，弹性臂424a的顶端424b跳出凹槽491a。这是由于圆柱件424c在槽410d的一端上，壳体410携带着圆柱件424c随着它一起按逆时针方向的运动，并由此强迫弹性臂424a也进行逆时针方向运动产生的。接着使用者通过推压指形调整片482推动手柄424、使它逆时针转动通过图16c所示的位置到达图16d所示的位置，在该位置指形调整片482再次进入凹座482b中。到此为止上述的这些步骤显露出接口件420并打开一个新的泡囊。因此，该装置现在已准备好给使用者吸入药物。
使用之后，壳体顺时针转动，手柄424与壳体一致地运动，转动到使该装置回到图16a所示的位置。
值得注意，让缩轮474实际上承担第一实施例中离合器的作用。当更多的盖片缠绕在轮474上时，臂476逐渐向内弯曲，并且这个作用保持缠绕盖片的卷盘外径大致恒定，而其内径逐渐减小。
用它的让缩轮474代替缠绕轮414，就有可能使用表示在图30或表示在图31和31a中的另一种结构。图30中所示的结构的工作原理非常类似于图25至29中所示的离合器装置。图30中的结构包括两个部件800和801。部件800包括一个大致圆柱形的其下底端开口的空心圆筒体802和三排弧形齿803。该圆筒体802具有一个贯穿上部表面的槽804和一个用于接受盖片前端的柱805。部件801包括一个其上带三排弧形齿807的圆盘806，和从该圆盘806向上伸出的立柱808。立柱808是由在扭转方面有弹性的材料制成的，例如由塑料材料制成。
两个部件800和801扣合装配在一起，使立柱808的上端套在槽804中并且相互间不会转动。齿排803和807是共平面的并相互交错。齿803和807与分度轮的齿478相啮合。每排齿807由相邻的一排齿803隔开(而不是由其它的)，其间隙等于一个齿。因此，装配好的一圈齿排有三个间隙，每个间隙为一个齿宽。由于立柱808在扭转方向可以挠曲，所以圆盘806在对应的各排齿807的一侧上的间隙位置和对应的各排齿807的另一侧上的间隙位置之间自由地来回运动。这就具有图30中所示的结构，相对于分度轮产生滑动的效果。
图31中所示的结构是一个滑动离合器，它包括扣合装配在一起的两个部件810和811。部件810包括一个大致圆柱形的壳体812，其底部开口并带有一个用于接受盖片前端的柱体813。壳体812的内部设有轴向延伸的锯齿814，如图31a所示。部件811包括一个从带有齿817的圆盘816向上伸出的圆柱815。齿817与分度轮的齿478啮合。圆柱815的外表面上设有一对尖部818，它们抵触地与锯齿814啮合。当由部件811施加给部件810的旋转力低于一预定值水平时，这些部件一起转动。但是，该圆柱是由一易于变形的材料，例如一塑料制成的，它可以发生径向变形，当该旋转力超过该预定的水平时，则发生变形使尖部818移过这些锯齿814。
虽然在图13和16中所示的实施例中，用或者不用图30和31中的变更型，基片跟盖片一样被缠绕，但在分度轮和基片缠绕轮之间没有必要有一个滑动离合器或类似装置。基片缠绕轮的直径是这样选择的，即基片开始只是非常松地缠绕，并在操作过程中增加该基片的缠绕紧度，但是任何时候都不能达到一个不能接受的水平。理论上，基片可以通过一个滑动离合器或类似装置准确地进行缠绕，盖片只是松散地缠绕，但实际上，由于盖片是平的，而且它比基片更薄，所以精确地缠绕盖片要容易得多。
图17至20以示意性的形式表示了一个有一些类似于图10至12中所示装置的装置的主要操作部件，即它是一个碾压装置。但是，应当理解到，图17至20未表示一个完整的装置，用于未使用过的挠性带和用过的基片的腔室被省略。在该实施例中对应于图10至12中实施例的特定部件用相同的标号表示，但在其上加上数字200。
图17至20所示的装置包括一对轮子514a和514b，它们具有在其上形成的啮合齿并起到与用过的盖片材料接触的碾压装置的作用。这种用过的盖片材料送入腔室513。轮514b是一个惰轮并由作用在支座596上的压缩弹簧推紧与轮514a相啮合，该支座支撑着轮514b。轮514a具有一个齿环598，它与在分度轮516上形成的齿597相啮合，该分度轮516完成的功能与第一实施例中分度轮16一样，并在腔室515中是可转动的。这些腔室都是在壳体510内形成的并且盖子530a和530b固定在这些腔室的相对的两侧上。由接口件520吸入药物。该装置由手柄524操纵，手柄通过推臂526转动分度轮516。
图21至24所示的实施例表示另一种型式的碾压装置，但它是一种盖片和基片都通过碾压轮的碾压装置。
图21至24所示的实施例包括一个限定一大致圆形腔室611的壳体610，和已固定在其上的盖子612a和612b。腔室611内可转动地安装有分度轮613及基片和盖片缠绕轮614，分度轮613和缠绕轮614上具有相互啮合的齿。分度轮613上带有槽615，可旋转地支撑在支架619上的盖片夹紧轮618也装在靠近槽615处集流管616的下游端。辊子619a安装在集流管616的后面，以引导盖片。
将挠性带601放在腔室611内，该带的主要部分开始时要围绕腔室的内壁卷绕。该带的前端通过引导件622和623之间绕过分度轮613的圆周的一部分，以含有药粉的凹腔与槽615相啮合。在挠性带与集流管616交汇的位置，该挠性带被剥离开，盖片通过该集流管的后面并绕过辊子619a，而基片由分度轮和集流管之间通过。在集流管之后，基片和盖片都从分度轮和盖片夹紧轮618之间通过，并由此被夹住。挠性带的前端被固定在基片和盖片缠绕轮614上。
在使用中，挠性带601借助于手柄624，通过一推杆626转动分度轮而前进，分度轮使基片和盖片缠绕轮产生相应地转动。基片和盖片的这种缠绕开始是松散的，但随着操作的进行其紧度增加，但该紧度不会到达不能接受的水平。盖片和基片在挠性带遇到集流管616的地方被剥离开，把一个新的药粉凹腔供给药粉出口617，通过接口件620药粉被吸入。
作为另一个特征，图32至34表示吸入装置带有标示器的一个实施例，该标示器向使用者表示使用者操作该装置的连续步骤。除了该标示器之外，该装置大致与图1至3中所示的实施例相同，并用相应的标号表示对应的部件。但有一些附加构件，从下面的说明中可以清楚地看到。
图32至34中所示的装置具有一个盖子700，它枢转地连接在该装置的其余部分上，用以绕轴701进行枢转运动。齿轮23和25，以及相关的部件由一后壁702盖住。该盖子盖住该装置的整个后部，但在图中为了便于理解，除了一小部分外，其余的都断开了。手柄24上带有一个弧形延伸部703，其边缘上形成一个凸块704。该延伸部703以向使用者指示的形式带有标示器，在这种情况中是一些符号“开盖”、“压按钮”、“吸入”。当手柄24、以及延伸部703位于这些符号中的一个对应符号的特定位置时，可通过后壁702上的窗口705看到。延伸部703的终端构成一个按钮706。手柄远离延伸部703的端部带有一个与它一起枢转的舌片707。
图32在它的后部表示该装置。由窗口705可看见符号“开盖”。如果患者现在打开盖700，则使该装置处于图33所示的位置。可以看到，该盖子的顶部后缘已接触到凸块704并推动延伸部703转过一个角度，以便使符号“压按钮”可通过窗口705看到。如果此时使用者压按钮706则使手柄转动，由此打开含有粉剂的容器，如结合图1至3的描述的那样。这就使该装置处于图34所示的位置，其中通过窗口705可看到“吸入”的符号。在图34所示的位置还可以看到舌片707向上伸出。因此，当使用者在吸入药物后关闭该盖子时，舌片707被该盖下侧上的一个凸块708推动，从而推压手柄24和它的延伸部703，使其回到图32所示的位置，再次显示出符号“开盖”。
刚才所述的装置不仅对使用者给出了一步一步操作的指示，由此降低患者弄错的危险，而且对患者来说，不是按照确定的方式来使用该装置是困难的，因为实际上，一旦将按钮706压下就不能再次操作，除非使用者关闭该盖子并再次打开它。
在上述的一些实施例中，涉及一个接口件，但是，如果该装置不是用口吸入的，则可使用其它一些出口，例如接鼻件。
Claims (6)
1．一种用于吸入装置的药物包，该药物包包含一条由一片具有多个沿其长度间隔开设置的凹腔的基片和一片可剥开地气密封接在基片上以构成多个容器的密封盖片形成的长形带，每个容器内装有粉状的吸入药物。
2．如权利要求1所述的用于吸入装置的药物包，其特征在于；盖片可从基片的第一端沿纵向从该基片上剥开。
3．如权利要求1或2所述的用于吸入装置的药物包，其特征在于：该形长带具有足够的挠性以便被缠成一个卷。
4．如权利要求1或2所述的用于吸入装置的药物包，其特征在于：盖片和基片的前端部分没有相互封接在一起。
5．如权利要求4所述的用于吸入装置的药物包，其特征在于：所述的前端部分中的至少一个上设有能连接到一缠绕装置上的装置。
6．如权利要求1或2所述的用于吸入装置的药物包，其特征在于：在基片和盖片之间的气密封接遍及它们的整个宽度。
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| OA60067A OA09393A (fr) | 1990-03-02 | 1991-08-27 | Dispositif d'inhalation. |
| APAP/P/1991/000321A AP310A (en) | 1990-03-02 | 1991-08-30 | Inhalation device. |
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| CN91101342A Division CN1030491C (zh) | 1990-03-02 | 1991-03-01 | 吸入装置 |
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| CN91101342A Expired - Lifetime CN1030491C (zh) | 1990-03-02 | 1991-03-01 | 吸入装置 |
| CN94116778A Expired - Lifetime CN1066036C (zh) | 1990-03-02 | 1994-09-29 | 用于吸入装置的药物包 |
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| CN91101342A Expired - Lifetime CN1030491C (zh) | 1990-03-02 | 1991-03-01 | 吸入装置 |
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| GB9314614D0 (en) * | 1993-07-14 | 1993-08-25 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Dry powder inhalers |
| PT732952E (pt) * | 1993-12-18 | 2000-10-31 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Inalador de po |
| US5694920A (en) * | 1996-01-25 | 1997-12-09 | Abrams; Andrew L. | Inhalation device |
-
1990
- 1990-03-02 GB GB909004781A patent/GB9004781D0/en active Pending
-
1991
- 1991-02-28 DE DE4106379A patent/DE4106379C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-02-28 KR KR1019910003326A patent/KR100210412B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-01 ES ES9100528A patent/ES2031763A6/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-03-01 CN CN91101342A patent/CN1030491C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-01 BR BR919100843A patent/BR9100843A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-01 NZ NZ237274A patent/NZ237274A/en unknown
- 1991-03-01 CZ CZ961807A patent/CZ285501B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-01 GR GR910100096A patent/GR1002387B/el not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-01 PL PL91289264A patent/PL167736B1/pl unknown
- 1991-03-01 ZA ZA911516A patent/ZA911516B/xx unknown
- 1991-03-01 IL IL9739691A patent/IL97396A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-01 BE BE9100190A patent/BE1003798A4/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-01 FI FI911037A patent/FI107883B/fi active
- 1991-03-01 LU LU87898A patent/LU87898A1/fr unknown
- 1991-03-01 FR FR919102475A patent/FR2659558B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-01 RU SU914894695A patent/RU2075977C1/ru active
- 1991-03-01 NO NO910836A patent/NO302929B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-01 AU AU72025/91A patent/AU645056B2/en not_active Expired
- 1991-03-01 SE SE9100582A patent/SE512934C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-01 JP JP03059681A patent/JP3110477B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-01 AT AT0043791A patent/AT401007B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-01 DK DK199100379A patent/DK175075B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-01 GB GB9104322A patent/GB2242134B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-01 CH CH630/91A patent/CH683319A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-01 IT ITRM910145A patent/IT1244655B/it active IP Right Grant
- 1991-03-01 CA CA002037421A patent/CA2037421C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-01 NL NL9100381A patent/NL193930C/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-01 PT PT96920A patent/PT96920B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-01 CZ CS91546A patent/CZ283168B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-01 NO NO91910836A patent/NO910836L/no unknown
- 1991-03-01 IE IE69891A patent/IE64503B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-06-14 FR FR9107306A patent/FR2660550A1/fr active Granted
- 1991-08-27 OA OA60067A patent/OA09393A/xx unknown
- 1991-08-30 AP APAP/P/1991/000321A patent/AP310A/en active
-
1994
- 1994-04-06 AU AU59267/94A patent/AU675825B2/en not_active Expired
- 1994-09-29 CN CN94116778A patent/CN1066036C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-02-09 HK HK19195A patent/HK19195A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-02-09 HK HK18895A patent/HK18895A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-06 US US08/467,469 patent/US5873360A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-02 US US08/552,166 patent/US5590645A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1997
- 1997-11-26 US US08/979,217 patent/US5860419A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-01-05 NO NO980033A patent/NO305786B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-02-20 CY CY201098A patent/CY2010A/xx unknown
- 1998-10-05 US US09/166,557 patent/US6032666A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-01-21 FI FI990115A patent/FI110991B/fi active
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