CN105491978A - 用于假体瓣膜的径向可折叠框架及其制造方法 - Google Patents

用于假体瓣膜的径向可折叠框架及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN105491978A
CN105491978A CN201480047666.0A CN201480047666A CN105491978A CN 105491978 A CN105491978 A CN 105491978A CN 201480047666 A CN201480047666 A CN 201480047666A CN 105491978 A CN105491978 A CN 105491978A
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framework
arch
anchoring
valve
cellular construction
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迈克尔·J·吉拉德
马丁·施伦
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Jenavalve Technology GmbH
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2409Support rings therefor, e.g. for connecting valves to tissue
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2412Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body with soft flexible valve members, e.g. tissue valves shaped like natural valves
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2412Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body with soft flexible valve members, e.g. tissue valves shaped like natural valves
    • A61F2/2418Scaffolds therefor, e.g. support stents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2469Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body with resilient valve members, e.g. conical spiral
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0014Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
    • A61F2210/0019Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol operated at only one temperature whilst inside or touching the human body, e.g. constrained in a non-operative shape during surgery, another temperature only occurring before the operation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0025Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2220/0075Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements sutured, ligatured or stitched, retained or tied with a rope, string, thread, wire or cable
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0002Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
    • A61F2230/0028Shapes in the form of latin or greek characters
    • A61F2230/0054V-shaped
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0063Three-dimensional shapes
    • A61F2230/0067Three-dimensional shapes conical
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0063Three-dimensional shapes
    • A61F2230/0069Three-dimensional shapes cylindrical
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0039Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in diameter

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于假体瓣膜的径向可折叠框架(1),所述框架(1)包括在所述框架(1)的近端的流出端区(3)以及与所述流出端区(3)相对的在所述框架(1)的远端的流入端区(2)。所述框架(1)进一步包括至少两个径向间隔开的连合附连区(10,10ˊ,10”)以及单元结构(30),所述单元结构(30)由围绕所述框架(1)的流动轴线径向地设置的多个晶格单元构成并且连接所述至少两个连合附连区(10,10ˊ,10”)。最后,设置了至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20ˊ,20ˊ),其中所述至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20ˊ,20”)与所述单元结构(30)至少部分地径向重叠。为了使本发明的框架形成为单件,本发明还涉及一种方法,所述方法包括使所述至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20ˊ,20”)朝着所述框架(1)的单元结构(30)弯曲。

Description

用于假体瓣膜的径向可折叠框架及其制造方法
本发明涉及一种用于假体心瓣膜的径向可折叠(collapsible)框架及这种框架的制造方法。具体地说,本发明涉及一种在治疗心瓣膜狭窄(缩窄)和/或心瓣膜关闭不全中使用的用于假体瓣膜的径向可折叠框架。此外,本发明涉及一种包括本发明的径向可折叠框架的内假体。
短语“心瓣膜缩窄(狭窄)和/或心瓣膜关闭不全”旨在包括一个或多个心瓣膜的功能缺陷,该功能缺陷是遗传的或后天形成的。此类心脏缺陷可能影响四个心瓣膜中的每个心瓣膜,但左心室的瓣膜(主动脉瓣和二尖瓣)受到的影响通常大于心脏的右侧部分(肺动脉瓣和三尖瓣)。功能缺陷可导致缩窄(狭窄),不能闭合(关闭不全)或两者的组合(组合病症)。
现有技术中已知用于假体心瓣膜的径向可折叠框架。具体地说,最近已经开发出微创形式的心瓣膜治疗,其特征在于允许在局部麻醉下执行程序。一种途径提供了使用导管系统来植入可自扩式(self-expandable)框架,该框架连接到可折叠瓣膜假体上。可通过导管系统将此类可自扩式内假体经由腹股沟动脉或腹股沟静脉引导至心脏内的植入位点。在到达植入位点之后,径向可折叠框架可以展开以便在自体瓣环附近锚定内假体。
为此,已知径向可折叠框架可以包括例如多个自扩式的基本上纵向的拱,拱被构造成在所需的植入位点处将瓣膜假体保持就位。例如,现有技术文件EP1980220A1公开了一种具有三个保持臂(20)的可自扩式支架,这三个保持臂形成用于容置瓣膜假体(40)的锚固分段的基部。为了自动定位并定向EP1980220A1中描述的常见框架,一共提供了三个定位拱(10)。定位拱(10)具有与应该由已知的内假体替换的关闭不全的心瓣膜的囊袋接合的圆形头部(12)。这三个定位拱(10)确保在旋转方向上可以获得必要的定位精度并且提供额外的径向夹持力以便在所需的植入位点处支撑支架的植入。
另外,当已知的框架(1)处于其扩张状态时,定位拱(10)的相应的定位臂位于患病的心瓣膜的囊袋中,且由此基本保证该医疗装置的稳定无误的定位。患病的心瓣膜的袋盖由于内假体1的扩张而以类似于回形针的方式被夹持在定位拱(10)和保持拱(20)之间。这进一步帮助实现已知心瓣膜框架的最优定位和锚定。
由于定位拱(10)与保持拱(20)之间的夹持效果,从现有技术已知的径向可折叠框架往往允许瓣膜假体与患病的自体心瓣膜之间的摩擦接触,因为瓣膜假体频繁地直接连接可折叠框架的保持拱。患病的心瓣膜与瓣膜假体之间的这种摩擦接触可能由于与患病的心瓣膜的不希望的摩擦而导致瓣膜假体的磨损增加。此外,由于该常见框架构造,患病的心瓣膜可能阻碍瓣膜假体的运动,尤其是在假体瓣膜小叶的打开运动期间。在一些情况下,这可能意味着由于患病的心脏瓣膜小叶的存在,假体心脏瓣膜小叶可能无法完全打开。此外,普通的支架结构通常无法提供足够的径向力以便在所需的植入侧锚固支架结构。因此,支架在植入之后可能发生不经意的移位。
根据以上概述的问题,本发明的某些实施例解决了提供用于假体瓣膜的径向可折叠框架的问题,这保证了心瓣膜假体的完美定位,并且同时有效地保护假体瓣膜小叶免受由于与自体心脏瓣膜小叶的摩擦接触引起的外应力。此外,本发明的框架应该通过简单可靠的程序来提供对缩窄的心瓣膜或心瓣膜关闭不全的治疗以能够在对患者没有大的精神压力的情况下进行日常治疗。
就这一点而言并且以下将更详细地进行描述,本发明提供了一种用于假体瓣膜的径向可折叠框架,该框架包括在框架的近端的流出区以及与流出区相对的在框架的远端的流入区。径向可折叠框架还包括至少两个径向间隔开的连合附连区,连合附连区位于框架的流出端并且被构造成接收假体瓣膜小叶的连合。由多个晶格单元(latticecells)构成的单元结构围绕框架的流动轴线(flowaxis)径向地设置,并且连接该至少两个连合附连区。最后,径向可折叠框架还包括至少一个锚固/定位拱,其中所述至少一个锚固/定位拱与单元结构至少部分地径向重叠。
在医学术语中,心瓣膜的连合是心瓣膜的各个小叶之间的结合或接合的点或线。在心瓣膜的闭合状态中,连合可以描述成为了封闭特定血管而与另一小叶接触的小叶的点或线。自然地,心瓣膜的小叶在围绕假体心瓣膜的流动轴线径向分布的两个或更多个连合边缘处彼此连续接触。就这一点而言,短语“连合附连区”描述了位于本发明的支架的流出端的撑条(struts)的排布,其被构造成接收小叶的该至少两个连合边缘。正常地,连合附连区的数量与小叶所形成的连合边缘的数量一致。
此外,术语“径向重叠”表示至少一个锚固/定位拱与单元结构沿着框架流动轴线的相同截面定位。然而,锚固/定位拱不是单元结构的一部分,而是与其径向地间隔开。具体地说,该至少一个锚固/定位拱可以从单元结构的圆周径向向外地延伸,并且因此,与后者至少部分地重叠。
因此,本发明的框架具有以下优点:由多个晶格单元构成的单元结构防止自体心脏瓣膜小叶与瓣膜假体之间的任何不希望的接触。具体地说,单元结构设置在瓣膜假体与自体瓣膜的小叶之间。因此,单元结构在两者之间形成分隔壁,并且另外提供了自体心脏瓣膜小叶和至少一个锚固/定位拱两者的改进的夹持效果。
此外,本发明的可折叠框架未必一定要提供保持拱,因为可以想到使瓣膜假体通过例如线直接附连至单元结构的多个晶格单元。最后,应该指出的是,单元结构在所需的植入位点处提供了本发明的框架的额外支撑。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,可折叠框架的至少一个锚固/定位拱可以刚性地(rigidly)附连至所述至少两个径向间隔开的连合附连区。具体地说,优选的是,至少锚固/定位拱与至少两个径向间隔开的连合附连区被一体地形成为单件。这样,本发明的径向可折叠框架特别坚实并且提供瓣膜假体在患者的血管内的稳定支撑。以下将更详细地进行描述,本发明的框架的所有零件可以从形状记忆材料的单个空心管切出。因此,在已经从空心金属管切出径向间隔开的连合附连区和单元结构之后,径向重叠的至少一个锚固/定位拱不需要通过缝合线、焊接或粘合剂固定到可折叠框架上。替换地,该至少一个锚固/定位拱与径向可折叠框架的剩余部分从相同的空心管切出,其中该至少一个锚固/定位拱在近端由框架的流出端区形成并且在远端方向上(朝着流入端)弯曲,以便在已经执行激光切割之后与单元结构径向地重叠。
当然,还可行的是,采用其他手段使锚固/定位拱刚性地附连至框架,例如,举例来说,焊接、缝合、粘合或铆接。根据此替代方式,在已从空心金属管切出框架之后,该至少一个锚固/定位拱形成为单件并且随后附连至框架结构。更详细地说,该至少一个单独的锚固/定位拱可以按照这样一种方式焊接到连合附连区上:该至少一个锚固/定位拱与单元结构至少部分地径向重叠并且在朝着框架的流动端的方向上延伸。因此,在框架的定形过程期间,不需要使该至少一个锚固/定位拱弯曲。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明的框架进一步包括多个周向设置的保持拱,每个保持拱包括在保持拱的远端彼此接合的第一和第二臂。每个相应的保持拱的两个臂通过圆拱(rounded)结构接合。提供周向设置的保持拱提供了各种有益效果。具体地说,基本上在从本发明的框架的流出端到流入端的范围内的保持拱在框架的扩张状态下径向地伸出以压靠在以径向作用的接触力在其中展开框架的患者的血管壁上。保持拱的形状可以被构造成位于自体瓣膜环下方或者至少位于自体瓣膜环上,从而为本发明的支架以及固定在支架上的瓣膜假体一起提供额外的锚固。作为框架的单元结构的替代形式或除框架的单元结构之外,还可以使用保持拱以便使瓣膜假体附连至可折叠框架。具体地说,瓣膜假体的尖瓣边缘可以在小叶的自由连合边缘的相对端处缝合到保持拱上。就这一点而言,每个保持拱的第一和第二臂可以按照这样一种方式定形:模仿自体心瓣膜的尖瓣边缘的原生拱形形状。
为此,每个保持拱的两个臂在优选地具有基本上U型或V型结构的连接处彼此接合。如上所述,保持拱的这种特定形状可以特别模仿心瓣膜尖瓣区的原生形状。U型或V型保持拱可以按照这样一种方式放置:U型或V型的封闭部分朝着框架的流入端在远端方向上形成两个臂的连接。相反,U型或V型结构的开放端可以附连到至少两个连合附连区。因此,保持拱优选地具有朝向径向可折叠框架的流出端的开放端。
根据另一个实施例,在本发明的框架设置了一共三个锚固/定位拱和一共三个保持拱。因此,优选的是进一步提供分别与该三个锚固/定位拱和该三个保持拱连接的一共三个径向间隔开的连合附连区。为此,三个锚固/定位拱或保持拱的每个第一臂分别可以与第一连合附连区连接,而每个第二臂可以附连至第二相邻的连合附连区。这样,每个锚固/定位拱和每个保持拱与框架的至少两个径向间隔开的连合附件连接。当容置具有三个柔性小叶(例如,主动脉瓣)的瓣膜假体时,提供三个保持拱特别有用。这同样适用于锚固/定位拱的数量,该数量应当与瓣膜假体小叶的数量一致,以便保证每个小叶在所需的植入位点处的合适取向。
如已经指明的,两个相邻保持拱的相邻臂优选地在框架的流出端区附近的连合附连区之一处合并。因此,每个保持拱在连合附连区之一处与相邻保持拱连接,从而形成用于瓣膜假体的尖瓣边缘的周向地对齐的附连区。
在另一个实施例中,框架的单元结构包括由多个第一单元构成的第一单元区,第一单元设置在每个保持拱的相应的第一和第二臂之间。另外,单元结构包括由多个第二单元构成的第二单元区,第二单元设置在两个相邻保持拱的相邻臂之间。换句话说,单元结构优选地由至少两种不同的单元类型构成,这些单元类型以交替方式围绕框架的流动轴线径向地设置。第一和第二单元区与保持拱的相应的臂交叉。优选地,第一和第二单元区的第一和第二单元以相似的图案和大小构成。然而,还可想到的是,不同地构造第一和第二单元。具体地说,可能希望的是,在第二单元区中实现比第一单元区中的单元结构的密度更密的单元结构。这是因为第二单元区主要提供本发明的框架的稳定性,而提供第一单元区主要是为了保护瓣膜假体免于与自体心瓣膜有任何直接接触。然而,当然,设置在每个保持拱的相应的第一臂和第二臂之间的第一单元区也增加了本框架的稳定性。
在特别优选地实施例中,该至少一个锚固/定位拱特别地与单元结构的第一单元区径向地重叠。换句话说,该至少一个锚固/定位拱优选地设置在每个保持拱的相应的第一和第二臂之间,并且因此与保持拱周向地对齐。
根据另一个实施例,第一单元或第二单元中的每一个由多个撑条形成。因此,每个撑条分别与相应的单元区的相邻单元之一连接或者与保持拱的臂之一连接。如以上已经指明的,第一和第二单元的每一个撑条优选地通过激光切割空心的形状记忆金属管形成,从而提供框架结构的一体连接的第一和第二单元。
如以上已经指明的,定位拱中的每一个和保持拱中的每一个包括朝向框架的流入端的封闭端,并且其中各个锚固/定位拱的封闭端相对于相关联的保持拱的封闭端基本上周向地对齐。换句话说,定位拱被构造成与保持拱对称,尽管定位拱优选地被设置成稍微进一步朝向框架的流出区。此外,定位拱的上端可以通过框架的流出区中的至少两个径向间隔开的连合附连区与相关联的保持拱的上端连接。在框架的扩张状态中,连合附连区和定位拱和保持拱的各自的上端都展开以便在血管壁上施加径向作用的力,从而实现支架在植入位点处的稳定锚固。另一方面,锚固/定位拱的周向地对齐的下端甚至比保持拱和单元结构展开更远,以便能够接合自体心瓣膜的囊袋,从而在锚固/定位拱的下部与相应的保持拱的下端之间夹持自体心瓣膜小叶。
在另一个实施例中,该径向可折叠框架包括至少一个紧固部,瓣膜假体通过该紧固部与框架连接。该至少一个紧固部优选地沿着框架的纵轴延伸,并且包括在沿着该至少一个紧固部的长度的离散位置处在纵向上分布的多个紧固孔。可以引导一根(athreadof)细线穿过每个紧固孔以使瓣膜假体固定在支架上。此特征的优点在于,一旦植入,瓣膜相对于框架的纵向位移就基本上最小化,所以假体不会由于心脏蠕动而受到过度干扰或变弱。
除紧固孔之外,紧固部可以包括一个或多个槽口以辅助容纳(seating)并保持缝合材料。槽口还辅助使假体平坦地附连到框架并且类似地附连到紧固孔,从而使假体的纵向位移最小化。紧固部优选地形成为保持拱的组成部分。然而,还可以想到的是,沿着本发明的框架的任何剩余结构(例如,连合附连区)实施紧固部。
根据另一个实施例,在框架的扩张状态中,保持拱具有与附连至框架的假体瓣膜的小叶匹配的形状。保持拱的各个臂的具体设计专用于导管输送的瓣膜,因为它提供心瓣膜耐久性的优点。用于支撑瓣膜假体小叶的尖瓣边缘的保持拱的这样形成的臂分别穿过定位拱后方的间隙和单元结构附连到框架。
为了进一步增加框架在植入位点处的支撑,本发明的框架可以包括至少一个环圈,该环圈在保持拱的各个臂的远端部连接到圆拱结构的一部分上。也就是说,保持拱的每个臂的下端部可以合并到环圈中,该环圈提供框架的额外锚固措施。此外,环圈还可以连接到第二单元区的下端上。环圈可以呈现出多个支撑幅材(supportingwebs),这些支撑幅材在框架的折叠状态中与框架的纵轴平行地延伸并且与横向幅材相互连接。然而,在框架的扩张状态中,环圈的支撑幅材和横向幅材可以形成抵靠在患者的血管壁上的长菱形或蛇纹型环圈。因此,环圈用作支撑体,由于自扩张形成的径向力通过该支撑体传递到血管壁。由于框架的相当大的接触面因为环圈的结构而与血管壁相互作用,所以尽管增大了径向力,但伤害动脉或组织的风险降低。此外,环圈可以用于使瓣膜假体的裙部附连至本发明的框架。这样,可以显著降低瓣周漏的风险。
环圈的每个支撑幅材可以进一步提供眼孔作为额外的紧固手段。就这一点而言,眼孔可以围绕框架的流入端部均匀地分布,从而提供瓣膜假体在框架上更均匀的固定。从而,可以降低瓣膜假体相对于框架实际位移的风险。
根据本发明的另一个方面,环圈的下端部在框架的扩张状态中构成至少一个张开或渐狭部,从而提供框架在自体心瓣膜的位置的改进固定并且防止固定有瓣膜假体的框架的前进迁移。
优选地,环圈具有放射状的张开或渐狭部。然而,还可以想到的是,张开或渐狭部沿着框架的圆周不均匀。例如,环圈可以仅在定位拱的位置附近具有扩口,其中在连合附连区(即,两个相邻的定位拱的两个臂之间的区域)附近不设置扩口。
根据最有利的实施例,环圈可以同时包括张开部和渐狭部。具体地说,分别与保持拱的下端和第二单元区的下端连接上的环圈的上端可以是张开的,而位于框架的流入端的环圈的下端可以是渐狭的。简单地说,环圈可以具有基本上梨形构造,这有效地防止与环圈接触引起的患者的心脏血管的损坏。如果使用本框架以便例如支撑假体主动脉心瓣膜的植入,环圈的这种具体的构造就特别有利。这是因为梨形的环圈防止框架通过刺激位于原生心瓣膜环下方(即,在应该放置环圈的位置处)的希斯氏束来刺激心脏的传导系统。通过形成梨形的环圈,能够排他地接触自体心瓣膜环的下区以便在植入位点处支撑本发明的框架。另一方面,进一步深入心室中的任何区域不受环圈的影响,因为下端部是渐狭的,并且因此完全不接触心室的壁。
在另一个实施例中,当框架处于其扩张状态下时,本发明的框架具有设计在其远端的扇形流入边缘。从而,框架的流入边缘不完全处于与框架的纵向垂直的平面中。相反,框架在其流入端区的边缘可以具有扇形形状。此外,扇形的流入边缘也可以围绕其圆周或仅在选定位置处是张开的或渐狭的。例如,一个实施例可以包括仅在定位拱的位置附近的流入边缘的扩口以及在两个相邻的定位拱之间的区域中的非扩口的直圆柱形状的过渡。具体地说,相应的扩口的位置和相应的直圆柱形状可以由与瓣膜假体的组织成分附连上的相应保持拱的臂的位置确定。扇形形状总体上贴合自体瓣膜环,并且不降低瓣对抗渗漏的密封能力。
如以下将更详细描述的,当制造本发明的框架时,可以想到框架呈现出从空心管的一部分,特别是从小金属管,一体地切出的结构,该结构同时并入了框架的所有结构。具体地说,可以想到使用激光束从小金属管切出支架结构。
小金属管最优选地是形状记忆材料,从而使得框架呈现出能够从第一可预定形状转换到第二可预定形状的一体形成的结构。因此,框架在插入到患者体内期间呈现出第一可预定形状(折叠形状)并且一旦框架被植入就呈现出第二可预定形状(扩张形状)。因为这种框架设计,在框架从第一可预定形状过渡到第二可预定形状期间,定位拱和单元结构根据框架的横截面扩张而径向地扩张。优选地选择框架的第二形状,从而使得当框架扩张时,单元结构抵靠在其中展开框架的血管壁上。此外,位于自体瓣膜环下方的单元结构的下端提供支架的额外锚固。
当框架由形状记忆材料组成时,材料优选地被设计成使得框架可以在外部刺激的影响下从临时形状转换成永久形状。就这一点而言,临时形状是框架的第一形状(即,框架的折叠状态),而永久形状被假定为框架的第二形状(即,在框架的第二状态中)。具体地说,使用形状记忆材料,例如,镍钛诺(即,镍和钛的等原子比合金)允许在植入框架时特别轻柔的植入过程。当由形状记忆材料制造框架时,框架结构优选地在框架结构已经从空心管切成支架图案之后成型。如以下更详细描述的,一旦已经通过使框架的结构弯曲形成所需形状,此形状就“被固定”。此过程被称为“编程”。编程可以受到加热框架结构、使框架形成所需形状然后冷却框架的影响。编程还可以受到在低温形成并成型框架结构的影响,这被称为“冷伸展”。因此保存永久形状,从而使框架能够以永久的非成形形状存储并植入。如果随后在支架结构上施加外部刺激,就激活了形状记忆效应并且恢复保存的永久形状。
特别优选的实施例将外部刺激提供为可定义的转换温度。因此可以想到的是,需要将支架材料加热到比转换温度更高的温度以便激活形状记忆效应并且因此重新产生支架的保存的永久形状。通过对形状记忆材料的化学成分和在编程期间对加热温度的相关选择可以预设具体的转换温度。
特别优选的是,将转换温度设置在室温与患者的体温之间的范围内。这样做是有益的,特别是对于用作患者体内的植入物的医疗器械。因此,在植入框架时只需要确保框架被加热到植入位点处的患者的体温(37℃)以便激活框架材料的形状记忆效应。
通过本发明的框架,可以治疗患病的自体心瓣膜。就这一点而言,假体瓣膜(瓣膜假体)被支撑在本发明的径向可折叠框架上。此后,至少一个锚固/定位拱定位在自体心瓣膜的囊袋内。随后,自体心瓣膜的至少一部分定位在至少一个锚固/定位拱与单元结构的多个单元之间。最后,例如通过连合附连区和单元结构,对抗血管壁的一部分施加径向力,以便将框架和假体瓣膜固定到所需的植入位点。
如此前已经指明的,本发明还涉及一种包括本发明的径向可折叠框架的内假体。内假体还包括优选地通过缝合线附连在框架的内表面上的瓣膜假体。内假体可以用于治疗任何有缺陷的心瓣膜,最优选地,有缺陷的主动脉心瓣膜。由于本发明的径向可折叠框架的结构,内假体可牢固地固定在自体心瓣膜环上并且呈现出特别高的耐磨性。
对于大部分正在接受治疗的患者,优选的是,内假体在其第一形状中具有大约7.0mm至大约5.0mm的外径,以使得可以使用23F输送系统(假设外径为7.0mm)或17F输送系统(假设外径为5.0mm)引入瓣膜假体。
由于新的框架设计,本发明的内假体在其第一形状中可以实现大约4.0mm至大约8.0mm的外径。因此,可以用20F输送系统,优选地18F输送系统,更优选地16F输送系统,并且最优选地14F输送系统引入新的内假体。因此,根据本发明的内假体可以更容易地被引入到患者的血管内并且造成更小的损伤。
在已经从导管尖端释放内假体之后,分别在植入状态中,内假体呈现出支架和固定到其上的瓣膜组件处于扩张状态(扩张状况)的第二预定形状。根据正在接受治疗的患者,优选的是,框架在其第二形状和植入状态中呈现出19.0mm至27.0mm之间的直径。
本发明还涉及一种用于制造根据本发明的径向可折叠框架的方法。具体地说,本发明的方法包括提供由形状记忆材料制成的空心管的步骤,然后是在空心管的所需区域上方扫描激光辐射束以使得将所需图案切入管中,从而切出支架图案的步骤。具体地说,激光扫描步骤以这样一种方式配置:支架图案包括限定网格的基本框架单元结构,该单元结构由多个单元构成,每个单元由多个撑条形成;以及至少一个锚固/定位拱,该锚固/定位拱背离单元结构的多个单元延伸。换句话说,通过用激光辐射束扫描空心管,切出了包括单元结构以及位于该单元结构上方的至少一个锚固/定位拱的支架图案。
随后,在定形过程中,通过使至少一个锚固/定位拱以至少一个锚固/定位拱在与单元结构的多个单元基本上相同的方向上延伸的这样一种方式弯曲到单元结构的方向上来限定径向可折叠框架的最终结构。因此,这样弯曲的至少一个锚固/定位拱与单元结构的多个单元至少部分地径向重叠。因此,至少一个锚固/定位拱与框架的单元结构径向地间隔开。也就是说,至少一个锚固/定位拱定位成与框架的流动轴线隔开比单元结构更远的径向距离。
为了防止激光辐射束同时切割由形状记忆材料制成的空心管的两个相反端,用激光辐射束扫描金属管的步骤可以包括将空心管放置在轴柄上的步骤。因此,在切割空心管的一个表面之后,激光辐射束射击轴柄的表面,并且因此不影响空心管的另一个相反部分。就这一点而言,应该指出的是,在执行本发明的方法的前述定形过程之前从轴柄移除切出的支架图案。
根据本方法的另一个实施例,定形过程可以采用对支架图案的热处理过程。更详细地说,可以使用热处理过程以便将框架的永久形状设置成具有至少部分地径向重叠的锚固/定位拱的形状。当然,永久形状被构造成本发明的可折叠框架的扩张形状。也就是说,在临时形状中,框架是柔性的并且因此可以折叠以便通过插入器械引入。
以下将参照包括的附图并且更详细地描述根据本发明的框架的优选实施例。
图中:
图1示出在根据本发明的径向可折叠框架的扩张状态下示出的能够支撑并锚固瓣膜假体的径向可折叠框架的第一实施例的主视侧视图;
图2示出根据在图1中示出的第一实施例的框架的第二主视侧视图;并且
图3示出可用于制造根据本发明的径向可折叠框架的切出的支架图案的优选实施例的平面展开视图;
图4a示出可用于制造根据第二实施例的径向可折叠框架的没有锚固定位拱的切出的支架图案的平面展开视图;
图4b示出可用于制造根据第二实施例的径向可折叠框架的锚固/定位拱的平面展开视图;
图4c示出包括图4a的切出的支架图案和图4a的锚固/定位拱的本发明的框架的第二实施例的平面展开视图;
图5示出本发明的径向可折叠框架的第三实施例的平面展开视图。
图1和图2示出了根据本发明的径向可折叠框架1的第一实施例的第一和第二主视图。就这一点而言,应该指出的是,图1和图2仅分别示出了框架实施例的描绘的前半部分。详细地说,为了容易理解本发明,没有描绘进一步包括连合附连区和单元结构的描绘的框架的后半部分。
图1和图2中描绘的本发明的径向可折叠框架1的第一实施例包括在框架的近端的流出端区3以及与流出端区3相对的在框架的远端的流入端区2。如果,例如本可折叠的框架1用作为主动脉心瓣替换的支撑结构,,流出端区3位于朝着降主动脉的位置,而流入端区2位于自体瓣膜环下方,也就是说,流入端区2在患者心脏的左心室内。
从图1和图2可以进一步看到,径向可折叠框架进一步包括位于框架1的流出区3的至少两个径向间隔开的连合区10,10',10”。在描绘的实施例中,框架1包括三个径向间隔开的连合区,由于从相应的侧视图中省略了后半部分,所以仅描绘两个连合区。连合附连区10包括被配置成接收瓣膜假体的假体瓣膜小叶的连合边缘的连合附连部12。应该指出的是,图1和图2中未示出瓣膜假体,以便提高本发明的可折叠框架的结构的可见性。关于假体瓣膜小叶的连合边缘的附连,提请关注美国专利US6,460,382B1,该专利示出了用于使小叶附连至相应的连合附连区的各种选择。
在连合附连区10,10',10”的近端,设置了保持部11,11',11”。保持部11,11',11”可以包括眼孔(未示出),可使用该眼孔以使本发明的框架临时地附连至医疗插入器械。可替代地,附连至插入器械的保持元件的沟槽可以接收保持部。保持部11,11',11”可以包括描绘的圆形形状。然而,还设想到形成任何其他形状,例如矩形或多边形形状,的保持部11,11',11”。
径向间隔开的连合附连区10,10',10”通过单元结构30彼此连接,该单元结构由设置成径向地围绕框架1的流动轴线(未示出)的多个晶格单元31,31',31”,32,32',32”组成。本发明的框架的流动轴线基本上由框架的纵轴限定,围绕该纵轴圆周地设置所有描绘的框架结构。如图所示,单元结构30位于径向间隔开的连合附连区10,10',10”下方,并且与连合附连部12,12',12”的下端附连。连合附连部12,12',12”被设计成接收瓣膜假体的小叶的连合边缘。为此,连合附连部12,12',12”包括多个紧固孔(图3),从而提供使瓣膜假体缝合在框架1上的方法。
可以使用单元结构30以便使瓣膜假体的尖瓣边缘附连在框架上。然而,在描绘的实施例中,单元结构30发挥作用以避免瓣膜假体的小叶与原生心瓣膜小叶有任何接触。换句话说,单元结构30可以用作以下将更详细地进行描述的小叶防护件。
关于单元结构30和径向间隔开的连合附连区10,10',10”,本发明的框架包括至少一个,具体地说,三个锚固/定位拱20,20',20”。锚固/定位拱20,20',20”与单元结构30至少部分地径向重叠。换句话说,锚固/定位拱20,20',20”定位在与流动轴线相距一定的径向距离处,该径向距离比单元结构30与流动轴线的径向距离更远。也就是说,锚固/定位供20,20',20”相对于单元结构30径向地向外延伸。
此外,每个定位拱20,20',20”包括在其远端的眼孔21,21',21”。可以使用眼球21,21',21”以便携带不透射线的标记物(未示出),这有助于将本发明的框架引入到患者的血管中。
至少一个锚固/定位拱20,20',20”中的每一个刚性地附连至两个相邻的连合附连区10,10',10”。根据图1和图2所示的实施例,锚固/定位拱20,20',20”各自与两个径向间隔开的连合附连区10,10',10”一体地成型以便形成单件框架1。
图1和图2描述的第一实施例进一步包括多个周向布置的保持拱40,40',40”。每个保持拱40,40',40”包括与在保持拱40,40',40”的远端的第二臂40b,40b',40b”接合的第一臂40a,40a',40a”。这两个臂40a,40a',40a”,40b,40b',40b”通过远端(也就是框架1的流入区2的方向)的圆拱结构接合。然而,应该指出的是,保持拱完全是任选的,并且在本发明的另外的实施例中可以替换成单元结构30。
保持拱40,40',40”提供本发明的框架1在所需植入位点处的更好支撑,并且提供用于瓣膜假体小叶的尖瓣边缘的附连区。更具体地说,瓣膜假体的尖瓣边缘可以通过线或丝缝合在保持拱40,40',40”的相应臂40a,40a',40a”,40b,40b',40b”上。为了改进瓣膜假体与保持拱40,40',40”的臂40a,40a',40a”,40b,40b',40b”的附连,每个臂40a,40a',40a”,40b,40b',40b”可以包括多个槽口,这些槽口基本上设置成基本上沿着保持拱40,40',40”的孔距。槽口41可以进一步有助于保持拱40,40',40”的柔性,并且因此保持拱40,40',40”可以容易地适应假体小叶的尖瓣边缘。除槽口之外或作为槽口的替代形式,保持拱40,40',40”可以设置有沿着保持臂40a,40a',40a”,40b,40b',40b”分布的多个紧固孔。
图1中特别示出了保持拱40,40',40”是与定位拱20,20',20”周向地对齐的。这是因为自体的瓣膜小叶优选地分别夹在定位拱20,20',20”与保持拱40,40',40”之间。由于相同的原因,保持拱40,40',40”和锚固/定位拱20,20',20”具有基本上相同的形状,优选地基本上U形或V形结构。
两个相邻保持拱40,40',40”或定位拱20,20',20”的相邻臂在框架的流出端区3附近的连合附连区10,10',10”之一处合并。因此,保持拱40,40',40”和定位拱20,20',20”特别地通过连合附连区10,10',10”的连合附连部12,12',12”在流出端区3附近彼此连接。
如以上已经提及的,根据第一实施例,保持拱40,40',40”的第一和第二臂40a,40a',40a”,40b,40b',40b”与框架1的单元结构30交叉。由此,单元结构30包括第一单元区31和第二单元区32,该第一单元区由设置在每个保持拱40,40',40”的相应的第一和第二臂40a,40a',40a”,40b,40b',40b”之间的多个第一单元组成,并且第二单元区由多个第二单元组成。与第一单元区31的第一单元相反,第二单元区32的第二单元设置在两个相邻保持拱40,40',40”的相邻臂之间。第二单元32,32',32”的一个实例可以从图2的透视侧视图获得。就这一点而言,第二单元区32位于第一保持拱40的第一臂40a与第三保持拱40”的第二臂40b”之间。
第一和第二单元区31,31',31”,32,32',32”的每个第一单元和/或第二单元由多个撑条311,321形成,这些撑条与保持拱40,40',40”连接或者分别彼此连接从而形成洋葱形单元结构。第一单元区31,31’,31”的密度基本上等于第二单元区32,32',32'的密度。可替代地,还可行的是,制造具有不同单元密度的第一和第二单元区31,31',31”,32,32',32”的框架1。就这一点而言,最优选地以这样一种方式构造单元区31,31',31”:第二单元区32,32',32”的密度大于第一单元区31,31’,31”的密度。
第一和第二单元区31,31',31”和32,32’,32”在描绘的实施例中分别具有不同的功能。一方面,第二单元区32,32',32”提供框架1必备的环形稳定性。另一方面,设置在每个相应的保持臂40,40',40”的两个臂40a,40a',40a”,40b,40b',40b”之间的第一单元区31,31',31”被构造成瓣膜小叶防护件。也就是说,第一单元区31,31',31”主要阻止自体心瓣膜小叶与可被附连在框架1内侧的瓣膜假体小叶接触。当然,第一单元区31,31',31”也为本发明的框架1提供相同的稳定性。
图1至图3进一步示出了本发明的框架1可以具有与在每个保持拱40,40',40”的远端部的圆拱结构的下部连接的至少一个环圈50。环圈50提供框架1在所需的植入位点处的额外支撑。除与保持臂40,40',40”连接之外,环圈50连接至第二单元区32,32',32”中的每一个或少量下部单元上,第二单元区设置在两个相邻保持拱40,40',40”的相邻臂40a,40a',40a”,40b,40b',40b”之间。
环圈50可以构成框架的至少一个张开和/或渐狭的部分,用于改善框架1在患者的患病的瓣的位置处的固定,并且用于防止固定有假体瓣膜的框架的前进迁移。图1和图2中所示的实施例特别地示出了环圈50的撑条51向外张开,以便构成框架1的张开部分。然而,另一个优选替代形式是构造基本上梨形形状的环圈50。更具体地说,梨形形状由分别与单元结构30和保持拱40,40',40”连接的环圈50的张开的上部以及形成框架1的流入端2的渐狭的下部表示。这样,框架1的流入端2提供张开部分的稳定性并且向内渐狭以便防止对心脏传导系统的神经的向外(forth)刺激。
环圈50的具体张开和/或渐狭的形状优选地仅在框架1的扩张状态下可见,如比较图2和图3可以得到的。优选地,框架的张开或渐狭的部分具有圆形形状。然而,根据另一个实施例,环圈50可以仅具有设置在保持拱的位置附近的张开或渐狭的部分并且在相邻的保持拱40,40',40”的两个臂之间的区域附近没有张开或渐狭的部分。图1和图2所示的环圈50由形成为长菱形形状的多个撑条构成。
图3是根据图1和图2中描绘的实施例的框架1的平面展开视图。从图3容易明白,框架1优选地显示出这样一种结构:从一部分管,特别是小金属管,整体切出。小金属管优选地由例如镍钛诺的形状记忆合金制成。当然,其他形状记忆材料同样地可行。图3示出了框架1处于其折叠模式下的平面展开视图。当然,当框架1被引入到患者体内时,框架转换到其第二扩张模式,如图1和图2所示。也就是说,框架由形状记忆材料组成,从而框架在外部刺激的影响下可以从临时形状转换成永久形状。框架的临时形状与框架1的第一压缩模式对应(图3),并且框架的永久形状与框架1的第二扩张模式对应(图1和图2)。
外部刺激可以是可定义的转换温和桥(temperatebridge),其优选地在室温与患者的体温之间的范围内,以便允许框架1一旦与患者的血液接触就扩张。
本发明还涉及一种用于制造径向可折叠框架1的方法。将参照图3更详细地描述此方法。首先,提供由形状记忆材料制成的空心管,并且通过在空心管的所需区域上方扫描激光辐射束而将空心管切成图3所示的支架图案。图3的切出的支架图案示出了特别重要的方面,即,在激光切割步骤期间,定位拱20,20',20”形成在单元结构30,连合附连区10,10',10”和保持拱40,40',40”上方。这是因为,否则无法在生产单元结构30的第一单元区31,31',31”的同时生产定位拱20,20',20”。
在通过激光辐射切割支架图案之后,执行形状定形过程以便重新安排锚固/定位拱20,20',20”的方向。这样,可以用单件空心管生产图1和图2所示的径向可折叠框架1的最终结构。形状定形过程包括用于使锚固/定位拱20,20',20”弯曲以使得至少一个锚固/定位拱20,20',20”分别与单元结构30的多个单元或保持拱40,40',40”以相同的方向延伸的步骤。在描绘的实施例中,形状定形过程包括用于使锚固/定位拱20,20',20”向下朝着框架1的流入端2弯曲的步骤。
使锚固/定位拱20,20',20”向下朝着本发明的框架的流入2弯曲可以通过对支架图案应用热处理过程来实施。为此,图3所示的支架图案变形且固定成本发明的图1和图2所示的所需形状。随后,成型的支架图案被加热到400℃至600℃之间的温度并保温几分钟,并且通过水淬或例如通过迅速空冷迅速冷却。这样,框架1获得了本发明的图1和图2表示的永久模式以及与框架的折叠模式相关的临时模式。根据热处理的时间和温度,可以调节框架1的临时模式与永久模式之间的转换温度。根据本发明,优选的是,将转变温度设置成室温与患者体温之间的温度,优选地约22℃。
从图4a至图4c可以得到本发明的径向可折叠框架的第二实施例。图4c示出了根据第二实施例的径向可折叠框架100的平面展开视图。类似于第一实施例,本发明的径向可折叠框架100的第二实施例包括在框架100近端的流出端区103以及与流出端区103相对的在框架100远端的流入端区102。描绘的径向可折叠框架100还包括位于框架100的流出端区103的至少两个径向间隔开的连合区110,110',110”。具体地说,描绘的框架100包括三个连合区110,110',110”。这些连合附连区110,110',110”均包括连合附连部112,112',112”,该连合附连部112,112',112”被配置成接收瓣膜假体的假体瓣膜小叶的连合边缘。
径向连合附连区110,110',110”通过单元结构彼此连接,该单元结构由围绕框架100的流动轴线(未示出)设置的多个晶格单元组成。如图所示,单元结构130位于径向间隔开的附连区110,110',110”之间并且与连合附连部112,112',112”的下端附连。连合附连部112,112',112”包括多个紧固孔,从而提供用于将瓣膜假体缝合在框架上的方法。根据第二实施例,保持部111,111’,111”不直接附连至连合附连区110,110',110”。相反,如将在以下更详细地描述的,保持部111,111',111”附连至第二实施例的锚固/定位拱120,120',120”。
不同于第一实施例,根据第二实施例的本发明的框架100不包括任何保持拱。为此,使用单元结构130以便使瓣膜假体的尖瓣边缘附连至框架100。同时,第二实施例的单元结构130发挥作用以便防止瓣膜假体的小叶与原生心瓣膜小叶有任何接触。也就是说,单元结构130可以用作附连装置并且同时用作小叶防护件。
关于单元结构130和径向间隔开的连合附连区110,110',110”,本发明的框架100包括至少一个,具体地说,三个锚固/定位拱120,120',120”。锚固/定位拱120,120',120”与单元结构30至少部分地径向重叠。换句话说,锚固/定位拱120,120',120”定位在与流动轴线相距一定的径向距离,该径向距离比单元结构130与流动轴线的径向距离更远。也就是说,锚固/定位拱120,120',120”相对于单元结构130径向地向外扩张。三个锚固/定位拱120,120',120”中的每一个包括在框架100的流入端102彼此连接的两个臂120a,120b,120a',120b',120a”,120b”。一般来说,锚固/定位拱呈现出与根据框架的第一实施例的锚固/定位拱相同的特征。
然而,与第一实施例相反,第二实施例的定位拱120,120',120”没有与支架框架的剩余部分一体地形成在一起,例如,图4a所示的单元结构130和连合附连区110,110',110”。相反,锚固/定位拱120,120',120”被制造成独立件,图4b示出了其展开视图。在分别生产图4a的支架图案和图4b的锚固/定位拱120,120',120”之后,这两个部分通过焊接,缝合,粘合或铆接连接。从图4b可以得到,根据第二实施例,锚固/定位拱120,120',120”最优选地焊接到框架100的连合附连区110,110',110”的边缘上。
在锚固/定位拱120,120',120”的近端,设置了保持部111,111',111”。保持部111,111',111”可以包括眼孔(未示出),可使用该眼孔以使本发明的框架100临时地附连至医疗插入器械。可替代地,附连至插入器械的保持元件的沟槽可以接收保持部111,111',111”。保持部111,111',111”可以包括描绘的圆形形状。然而,还设想到形成任何其他形状,例如矩形或多边形形状,的保持部111,111',111”。
为了制造第二实施例的径向可折叠框架100,在从空心管切出支架图案之后,不需要使锚固/定位拱120,120',120”在定形过程中向下弯曲。相反,单独生产并且在单独的制造过程步骤中附连锚固/定位拱120,120',120”。此替代的制造方法具有的优点是,在定形过程期间,锚固/定位拱120,120',120”中没有引入弯曲过程。
最后,应该指出的是,根据第二实施例的框架100不包括特定的环圈。相反,本发明的可折叠框架100的第二实施例包括可以从图4a和图4c得到的三个额外的支撑结构140,140',140”。根据第二实施例,额外的支撑结构140,140',140”位于径向可折叠框架100的流入端区102。三个额外的结构140,140',140”中的每一个附连至单元结构130的多个相应的单元之一的下端。优选地,额外的支撑结构140,140’,140”以两个额外的支撑结构140,140',140”之间约120°的角度围绕框架100的流动轴线径向地设置。此外,可以从图4a和图4c得到的是,额外的支撑结构140,140',140”包括小的圆拱形状,以便与原生心瓣膜环下方的心瓣膜室的小面积接触。此外,额外的支撑结构140,140',140”优选地向外张开以便实现类似于环圈40的效果。
在图5中示出了本发明的径向可折叠框架的第三实施例。更详细地说,图5示出了本发明的框架200的第三实施例的平面展开视图。根据第三实施例的径向可折叠框架200大部分与第二实施例的径向可折叠框架100对应。第二实施例的框架100与第三实施例的框架200之间的主要区别在于单元结构240的构造。除非另外指明,根据第三实施例的框架200的部件同样地与第二实施例的框架100的部件对应。相似的部件用第二实施例的附图标记指代,其中增加因子“100”。
与第二实施例的单元结构130相比,第三实施例的单元结构230包括在框架200的纵向上的较少量的晶格单元。具体地说,图5所示的第三实施例不包括图4c所示的单元结构130的最上行单元。因此,第三实施例的框架200具有由多个连合附连臂215a,215b,215a',215b',215a”,215b”补偿的较小的单元结构130。连合附连臂215a,215b,215a',215b',215a”,215b”是连合附连区210,210',210”的一部分,并且被构造成使连合附连部212,212',212”附连至单元结构230的上端。具体地说,每个连合附连部212,212',212'通过两个相应的连合附连臂215a,215b,215a',215b',215a”,215b”附连至单元结构230。
每个连合附连臂215a,215b,215a',215b',215a”,215b”包括多个槽口241,已经参照图1至图3的实施例描述了这些槽口。类似于根据第一实施例的保持拱的臂,连合附连臂215a,215b,215a',215b',215a”,215b”被构造成辅助使瓣膜假体的尖瓣边缘附连至可折叠框架200。具体地说,瓣膜假体的尖瓣边缘可以缝合至连合附连拱215a,215b,215a',215b',215a”,215b”的槽口241。
技术人员将明白所有以上提及并描述的实施例和优选实施例也适用于未明确描述的特征的其他组合,并且这些组合也将在本发明的范围和公开内。具体地说,第一实施例的框架仅任选地包括由附图描绘的保持拱。类似于第二和第三实施例,这些保持拱可以完全由单元结构替换,可以使用该单元结构以便附连瓣膜假体。此外,本发明的框架可以包括在其纵向上的更多或更少的张开或渐狭部。最后,应该指出的是,框架不限于形状记忆材料镍钛诺。当然,尤其鉴于如上所述的制造期间的弯曲应力,任何其他合适的形状记忆材料是可行的。
附图标记列表
1,100,200可折叠框架
2,102,202流入端区
3,103,203流出端区
10,10',10”连合附连区
110,110',110”
210,210',210”
11,11',11”保持部
111,111',111”
211,211',211”
12,12',12”连合附连部
112,112',112”
212,212',212”
20,20',20”锚固/定位拱
120,120',120”
20,220',220”
20a,20a',20a”锚固/定位拱的第一臂
120a,120a',120a”
220a,220a',220a”
20b,20b',20b”锚固/定位拱的第二臂
120b,120b',120b”
220b,220b',220b”
21,121,221定位拱的眼孔
30,130,230单元结构
31,31',31”第一单元区
32,32',32”第二单元区
40,40',40”保持拱
40a,40a',40a”保持拱的第一臂
40b,40b',40b”保持拱的第二臂
41,241槽口
50环圈
51环圈的撑条
113紧固孔
140,140',140”额外的支撑结构
240,240',240”
215a,215a',215a”第一连合附连臂
215b,215b',215b”第二连合附连臂
311第一单元区的撑条
321第二单元区的撑条
权利要求书(按照条约第19条的修改)
1.用于假体瓣膜的径向可折叠框架(1,100,200),所述框架(1,100,200)包括:
-在所述框架(1,100,200)的近端的流出端区(3,103,203)以及与所述流出端区(3,103,203)相对的在所述框架(1,100,200)的远端的流入端区(2,102,202);
-至少两个径向间隔开的连合附连区(10,10',10”),所述连合附连区位于所述框架(1,100,200)的流出端区(3,103,203)并且被构造成接收至少两个假体瓣膜小叶的连合边缘;
-单元结构(30,130,230),所述单元结构由围绕所述框架(1,100,200)的流动轴线径向地设置的多个晶格单元构成,并且连接所述至少两个连合附连区(10,10',10”,110,110',110”,210,210',210”);
-至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”,120,120',120”,220,220',220”),其中所述至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”,120,120',120”,220,220',220”)与所述单元结构(30,130',230”)至少部分地径向重叠,
其中述框架(1)进一步包括多个周向布置的保持拱(40,40',40”),每个保持拱包括在所述保持拱(40,40',40”)的远端彼此接合的第一和第二臂(40a,40a',40a”,40b,40b',40b”),所述两个臂通过圆拱结构接合,并且
其中所述单元结构(30)包括由多个第一单元构成的第一单元区(31,31',31”)以及由多个第二单元构成的第二单元区(32,32',32”),所述第一单元设置在每个保持拱(40,40',40”)的相应的第一和第二臂(40a,40a',40a”,40b,40b',40b”)之间,并且所述第二单元设置在两个相邻保持拱(40,40',40”)的相邻臂之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的框架(1,100,200),其中所述至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”,120,120',120”,220,220',220”)刚性地附连至所述至少两个径向间隔开的连合附连区(10,10',10",110,110',110",210,210',210")。
3.根据权利要求1所述的框架(1),其中所述至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”)与所述至少两个径向间隔开的连合附连区(10,10',10")一体地形成为单件。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的框架(1),其中每个保持拱(40,40',40”)的两个臂(40a,40a',40a”,40b,40b',40b”)在具有基本上U型或V型结构的连接处彼此接合。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的框架(1),其中设置了一共三个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”)和一共三个保持拱(40,40',40”)。
6.根据权利要求1至5中之一所述的框架(1),其中两个相邻保持拱(40,40',40”)的相邻臂在所述框架(1)的流出端区(3)附近的所述至少两个连合附连区(10,10',10”)之一处合并。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的框架(1),其中所述第一单元和/或第二单元中的每一个由多个撑条(311,321)形成。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的框架(1),其中所述定位拱(20,20',20”)中的每一个和所述保持拱(40,40',40”)中的每一个包括封闭端,并且其中相应的锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”)的封闭端相对于相关联的保持拱(40,40',40”)的封闭端基本上周向地对齐。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的框架(1),进一步包括设置在所述多个保持拱(40,40',40”)的至少一个中的至少一个紧固部,所述至少紧固部包括被配置成接收缝合线的多个紧固孔。
10.根据权利要求9所述的框架(1),其中所述至少一个紧固部进一步包括被配置成接收缝合线的多个槽口。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的框架(1),其中,在所述框架(1)的扩张状态中,所述保持拱(40,40',40")的相应的臂具有与附连至所述框架(1)的假体瓣膜的小叶匹配的形状。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的框架(1),其中至少一个环圈(50)在所述相应的保持臂(40a,40a',40a",40b,40b',40b")的远端部连接至所述圆拱结构的一部分。
13.根据权利要求12所述的框架(1),其中所述至少一个环圈(50)连接至形成所述第二单元区(32,32',32”)的第二单元的所述撑条(312)的下端部中的每一个或一部分,所述第二单元区设置在两个相邻保持拱(40,40',40”)的相邻臂(40a,40a',40a",40b,40b',40b")之间。
14.根据权利要求12或13中任一项所述的框架(1),进一步包括围绕所述至少一个环圈(50)的下端部均匀分布的多个眼孔,所述眼孔用于将假体瓣膜固定在所述框架(1)上。
15.根据权利要求12至14中任一项所述的框架(1),其中,在所述框架(1)的扩张状态下,所述环圈(50)的下端部构成所述框架(1)的至少一个张开或渐狭部,所述张开或渐狭部设置成用于改进所述框架(1)在患者的自体心瓣膜的位置的固定并且防止固定有假体瓣膜的所述框架(1)的前进迁移。
16.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的框架(1),其中,在所述框架(1)的扩张状态下,所述框架(1)在其下端部设置有至少一个张开或渐狭部,所述张开或渐狭部设置成用于改进所述框架(1,100,200)在患者的自体心瓣膜的位置的固定并且防止固定有假体瓣膜的所述框架(1)的整体迁移。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的框架(1),其中所述框架(1)的至少一个张开或渐狭部具有倒圆形状。
18.根据权利要求17所述的框架(1),其中所述至少一个张开或渐狭部仅设置在所述保持拱(40,40',40")的位置附近,其中在相邻的保持拱(40,40',40")的两个臂之间的区域附近不设置张开或渐狭部。
19.根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的框架(1),其中当所述框架(1)处于其扩张状态时,所述框架(1)在其下端部具有扇形的流入边缘设计。
20.根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的框架(1),其中所述框架(1)呈现出从一部分管,特别是从小金属管,整体切出的结构。
21.根据权利要求1至20之一所述的框架(1,100,200),进一步包括当被引入到患者体内时的第一折叠模式以及当被植入时的第二扩张模式。
22.根据权利要求21所述的框架(1,100,200),其中所述框架(1,100,200)由形状记忆材料组成,从而所述框架(1,100,200)在外部刺激的影响下能够从临时形状转换到永久形状,其中所述框架(1,100,200)的临时形状与所述框架(1,100,200)的所述第一模式对应,并且所述框架(1,100,200)的永久形状与所述框架(1,100,200)的所述第二模式对应。
23.根据权利要求22所述的框架(1,100,200),其中所述外部刺激是可定义的转换温度。
24.根据权利要求23所述的框架(1,100,200),其中所述转换温度在室温与患者的体温之间的范围内,并且优选地在约22℃。
25.根据权利要求1至24之一所述的框架(1),其中所述至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”)被构造成定位在自体心脏的心瓣膜的囊袋内并且定位在多个自体心瓣膜小叶的第一位点,并且其中所述多个保持拱(40,40',40”)被构造成定位在与所述第一位点相对的所述多个自体心瓣膜小叶的第二位点。
26.根据权利要求1至25之一所述的框架(1,100,200),其中所述至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”,120,120',120”,220,220',220”)包括基本上U型或V型结构。
27.一种内假体,包括根据权利要求1至26中任一项所述的径向可折叠框架(1,100,200)以及与所述框架的内表面附连的瓣膜假体。
28.根据权利要求27所述的内假体,其中所述瓣膜假体由心包膜制成。
29.一种用于制造根据权利要求1至28中任一项所述的径向可折叠框架(1)的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
i)提供由形状记忆材料制成的空心管;
ii)在所述空心管的所需区域上方扫描激光辐射束以便将所需图案切入所述空心管中,从而切出支架图案;并且
iii)对所述支架图案应用定形过程,从而限定所述径向可折叠框架(1)的最终结构,
其中在方法步骤ii)中形成的支架图案包括:
-限定网格的基本框架(1)单元结构(30),所述基本框架(1)单元结构(30)由多个单元构成,每个单元由多个撑条形成;以及
-至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”),所述锚固/定位拱远离所述单元结构(30)的所述多个单元延伸;并且
其中在方法步骤iii)中的定形过程期间,弯曲所述至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”)以使得所述至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”)与所述单元结构(30)的所述多个单元在相同方向上延伸并且与所述单元结构(30)至少部分地径向重叠。
30.根据权利要求29所述的方法,进一步包括在方法i)之后并且在方法ii)之前的以下步骤:
-将所述空心管放在轴柄上;
其中在应用方法步骤iii)的定形过程之前,从所述轴柄移除所述支架图案。
31.根据权利要求29或30所述的方法,其中方法步骤iii)包括:
-对所述支架图案应用热处理过程。

Claims (34)

1.用于假体瓣膜的径向可折叠框架(1,100,200),所述框架(1,100,200)包括:
-在所述框架(1,100,200)的近端的流出端区(3,103,203)以及与所述流出端区(3,103,203)相对的在所述框架(1,100,200)的远端的流入端区(2,102,202);
-至少两个径向间隔开的连合附连区(10,10',10”),所述连合附连区位于所述框架(1,100,200)的流出端区(3,103,203)并且被构造成接收至少两个假体瓣膜小叶的连合边缘;
-单元结构(30,130,230),所述单元结构由围绕所述框架(1,100,200)的流动轴线径向地设置的多个晶格单元构成,并且连接所述至少两个连合附连区(10,10',10”,110,110',110”,210,210',210”);
-至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”,120,120',120”,220,220',220”),其中所述至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”,120,120',120”,220,220',220”)与所述单元结构(30,130,230)至少部分地径向重叠。
2.根据权利要求1所述的框架(1,100,200),其中所述至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”,120,120',120”,220,220',220”)刚性地附连至所述至少两个径向间隔开的连合附连区(10,10',10”,110,110',110”,210,210',210”)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的框架(1),其中所述至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”)与所述至少两个径向间隔开的连合附连区(10,10',10”)一体地形成为单件。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的框架(1),其中所述框架(1)进一步包括多个周向布置的保持拱(40,40',40”),每个保持拱包括在所述保持拱(40,40',40”)的远端彼此接合的第一和第二臂(40a,40a',40a”,40b,40b',40b”),所述两个臂通过圆拱结构接合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的框架(1),其中每个保持拱(40,40',40”)的两个臂(40a,40a',40a”,40b,40b',40b”)在具有基本上U型或V型结构的连接处彼此接合。
6.根据权利要求4或5中任一项所述的框架(1),其中设置了一共三个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”)和一共三个保持拱(40,40',40”)。
7.根据权利要求4至6之一所述的框架(1),其中两个相邻保持拱(40,40',40”)的相邻臂在所述框架(1)的流出端区(3)附近的所述至少两个连合附连区(10,10',10”)之一处合并。
8.根据权利要求4至7之一所述的框架(1),其中所述单元结构(30)包括由多个第一单元构成的第一单元区(31,31',31”)以及由多个第二单元构成的第二单元区(32,32',32”),所述第一单元设置在每个保持拱(40,40',40”)的相应的第一和第二臂(40a,40a',40a”,40b,40b',40b”)之间,并且所述第二单元设置在两个相邻保持拱(40,40',40”)的相邻臂之间。
9.根据权利要求8所述的框架(1),其中所述第一单元和/或第二单元中的每一个由多个撑条(311,321)形成。
10.根据权利要求4至9中任一项所述的框架(1),其中所述定位拱(20,20',20”)中的每一个和所述保持拱(40,40',40”)中的每一个包括封闭端,并且其中相应的锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”)的封闭端相对于相关联的保持拱(40,40',40”)的封闭端基本上周向地对齐。
11.根据权利要求4至10中任一项所述的框架(1),进一步包括设置在所述多个保持拱(40,40',40”)的至少一个中的至少一个紧固部,所述至少紧固部包括被配置成接收缝合线的多个紧固孔。
12.根据权利要求11所述的框架(1),其中所述至少一个紧固部进一步包括被配置成接收缝合线的多个槽口。
13.根据权利要求4至12中任一项所述的框架(1),其中,在所述框架(1)的扩张状态中,所述保持拱(40,40',40”)的相应的臂具有与附连至所述框架(1)的假体瓣膜的小叶匹配的形状。
14.根据权利要求4至13中任一项所述的框架(1),其中至少一个环圈(50)在所述相应的保持臂(40a,40a',40a”,40b,40b',40b”)的远端部连接至所述圆拱结构的一部分。
15.根据权利要求14所述的框架(1),其中所述至少一个环圈(50)连接至形成所述第二单元区(32,32',32”)的第二单元的所述撑条(312)的下端部中的每一个或一部分,所述第二单元区设置在两个相邻保持拱(40,40',40”)的相邻臂(40a,40a',40a”,40b,40b',40b”)之间。
16.根据权利要求14或15中任一项所述的框架(1),进一步包括围绕所述至少一个环圈(50)的下端部均匀分布的多个眼孔,所述眼孔用于将假体瓣膜固定在所述框架(1)上。
17.根据权利要求14至16中任一项所述的框架(1),其中,在所述框架(1)的扩张状态下,所述环圈(50)的下端部构成所述框架(1)的至少一个张开或渐狭部,所述张开或渐狭部设置成用于改进所述框架(1)在患者的自体心瓣膜的位置的固定并且防止固定有假体瓣膜的所述框架(1)的前进迁移。
18.根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的框架(1),其中,在所述框架(1)的扩张状态下,所述框架(1)在其下端部设置有至少一个张开或渐狭部,所述张开或渐狭部设置成用于改进所述框架(1,100,200)在患者的自体心瓣膜的位置的固定并且防止固定有假体瓣膜的所述框架(1)的整体迁移。
19.根据权利要求17或18所述的框架(1),其中所述框架(1)的至少一个张开或渐狭部具有倒圆形状。
20.根据权利要求19所述的框架(1),其中所述至少一个张开或渐狭部仅设置在所述保持拱(40,40',40”)的位置附近,其中在相邻的保持拱(40,40',40”)的两个臂之间的区域附近不设置张开或渐狭部。
21.根据权利要求1至20中任一项所述的框架(1),其中当所述框架(1)处于其扩张状态时,所述框架(1)在其下端部具有扇形的流入边缘设计。
22.根据权利要求1至21中任一项所述的框架(1),其中所述框架(1)呈现出从一部分管,特别是从小金属管,整体切出的结构。
23.根据权利要求1至22中一项所述的框架(1,100,200),进一步包括当被引入到患者体内时的第一折叠模式以及当被植入时的第二扩张模式。
24.根据权利要求23所述的框架(1,100,200),其中所述框架(1,100,200)由形状记忆材料组成,从而所述框架(1,100,200)在外部刺激的影响下能够从临时形状转换到永久形状,其中所述框架(1,100,200)的临时形状与所述框架(1,100,200)的所述第一模式对应,并且所述框架(1,100,200)的永久形状与所述框架(1,100,200)的所述第二模式对应。
25.根据权利要求24所述的框架(1,100,200),其中所述外部刺激是可定义的转换温度。
26.根据权利要求25所述的框架(1,100,200),其中所述转换温度在室温与患者的体温之间的范围内,并且优选地在约22℃。
27.根据权利要求1至26中一项所述的框架(1),其中所述至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”)被构造成定位在自体心脏的心瓣膜的囊袋内并且定位在多个自体心瓣膜小叶的第一位点,并且其中所述多个保持拱(40,40',40”被构造成定位在与所述第一位点相对的所述多个自体心瓣膜小叶的第二位点。
28.根据权利要求1至27之一所述的框架(1,100,200),其中所述至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”,120,120',120”,220,220',220”)包括基本上U型或V型结构。
29.一种内假体,包括根据权利要求1至28中任一项所述的径向可折叠框架(1,100,200)以及与所述框架的内表面附连的瓣膜假体。
30.根据权利要求29所述的内假体,其中所述瓣膜假体由心包膜制成。
31.一种用于制造径向可折叠框架(1),特别是根据权利要求1至30中任一项所述的框架(1),的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
i)提供由形状记忆材料制成的空心管;
ii)在所述空心管的所需区域上方扫描激光辐射束以便将所需图案切入所述空心管中,从而切出支架图案;并且
iii)对所述支架图案应用定形过程,从而限定所述径向可折叠框架(1)的最终结构,
其中在方法步骤ii)中形成的支架图案包括:
-限定网格的基本框架(1)单元结构(30),所述基本框架(1)单元结构(30)由多个单元构成,每个单元由多个撑条形成;以及
-至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”),所述锚固/定位拱远离所述单元结构(30)的所述多个单元延伸;并且
其中在方法步骤iii)中的定形过程期间,弯曲所述至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”)以使得所述至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”)与所述单元结构(30)的所述多个单元在相同方向上延伸并且与所述单元结构(30)至少部分地径向重叠。
32.根据权利要求31所述的方法,进一步包括在方法i)之后并且在方法ii)之前的以下步骤:
-将所述空心管放在轴柄上;
其中在应用方法步骤iii)的定形过程之前,从所述轴柄移除所述支架图案。
33.根据权利要求31或32所述的方法,其中方法步骤iii)包括:
-对所述支架图案应用热处理过程。
34.一种用支撑在根据权利要求1至30中任一项的径向可折叠框架(1)上的假体瓣膜治疗自体瓣膜的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-将所述至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”)定位在所述自体心瓣膜的囊袋内;
-将所述自体心瓣膜的至少一部分定位在所述至少一个锚固/定位拱(20,20',20”)与所述多个保持拱(40,40',40”)的至少一个之间;并且
-对血管壁的一部分施加径向力。
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