CN104235249A - 可弹性地变形的能量管理组件及管理能量吸收的方法 - Google Patents

可弹性地变形的能量管理组件及管理能量吸收的方法 Download PDF

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CN104235249A
CN104235249A CN201410256860.1A CN201410256860A CN104235249A CN 104235249 A CN104235249 A CN 104235249A CN 201410256860 A CN201410256860 A CN 201410256860A CN 104235249 A CN104235249 A CN 104235249A
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S.E.莫里斯
J.P.拉瓦尔
R.A.约翰逊
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/0052—Physically guiding or influencing
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
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    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
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    • Y10T403/32581—Pin and slot

Abstract

本发明涉及可弹性地变形的能量管理组件及管理能量吸收的方法。一种可弹性地变形的能量管理组件包括第一构件。还包括从第一构件延伸的至少一个凸起，至少一个凸起具有外表面。还包括第二构件，第二构件包括由孔口壁限定的至少一个孔口，孔口壁与至少一个凸起的外表面可滑动地接合，其中凸起和孔口壁中的至少一者包括可弹性地变形的材料。

Description

可弹性地变形的能量管理组件及管理能量吸收的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于管理响应于负载的能量吸收的能量管理装置，并且更具体地涉及一种可弹性地变形的能量管理组件以及一种利用可弹性地变形的能量管理组件来管理能量吸收的方法。
背景技术
管理或吸收能量的研究在许多领域中都很普遍。车辆领域是强调能量吸收的应用的实例。目前，构件可设置成与能量吸收构件紧邻，以试图吸收能量。构件在制造过程中可与彼此匹配，且基于构件之间的匹配布置而经历位置变化。该装置可包括通过2向和/或4向凸出对准特征来相对彼此相互定位的构件；所述凸出对准特征通常是尺寸较小的结构，其收纳在对应的尺寸较大的凹入对准特征中，如在开口和/或槽口形式的孔口中。在对准特征的至少一部分之间可存在间隙，其被预先确定以匹配由制造（或制作）变化引起的匹配特征的预期尺寸和位置变化公差。结果，可出现较差的配合，从而导致在由物体冲击时不太有效的能量吸收。
发明内容
在一个示例性实施例中，一种可弹性地变形的能量管理组件包括第一构件。还包括从第一构件延伸的至少一个凸起，至少一个凸起具有外表面。还包括第二构件，第二构件包括由孔口壁限定的至少一个孔口，孔口壁与至少一个凸起的外表面可滑动地接合，其中凸起和孔口壁中的至少一者包括可弹性地变形的材料。
在另一个示例性实施例中，提供了一种利用可弹性地变形的能量管理组件来管理能量吸收的方法。该方法包括：使第一构件的凸起的外表面与第二构件的孔口壁接合，凸起设置在由孔口壁限定的孔口内。该方法还包括：在与第二构件接合时使孔口壁和凸起中的至少一者弹性地变形。该方法还包括：在将负载状态施加到可弹性地变形的能量管理组件上期间在凸起与孔口壁之间传递能量。
在又另一实施例中，一种用于车辆领域的能量管理组件包括潜在接触区域构件。还包括从潜在接触区域构件延伸的至少一个凸起，至少一个凸起具有外表面。还包括匹配构件，所述匹配构件包括由孔口壁限定的至少一个孔口，孔口壁与至少一个凸起的外表面可滑动地接合，其中凸起和孔口壁中的至少一者包括可弹性地变形的材料。
本发明还可包括下列方案。
1. 一种可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，包括：
第一构件；
从所述第一构件延伸的至少一个凸起，所述至少一个凸起具有外表面；以及
第二构件，所述第二构件包括由孔口壁限定的至少一个孔口，所述孔口壁与所述至少一个凸起的外表面可滑动地接合，其中所述凸起和所述孔口壁中的至少一者包括可弹性地变形的材料。
2. 根据方案1所述的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，其特征在于，所述孔口包括槽口，其中所述凸起构造成在所述槽口内相对于所述第二构件滑动。
3. 根据方案2所述的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，其特征在于，所述槽口包括构造成在卸载状态中不动地固持所述凸起的止动部。
4. 根据方案3所述的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，其特征在于，所述止动部设置在沿所述槽口的纵向方向的中部附近。
5. 根据方案2所述的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，其特征在于，所述槽口模制到所述第二构件中。
6. 根据方案2所述的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，其特征在于，所述槽口形成在可插入所述第二构件中的支架中。
7. 根据方案1所述的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，其特征在于，所述第一构件设置在固定的静止位置，其中所述第二构件可相对于所述第一构件移动。
8. 根据方案7所述的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，其特征在于，所述第二构件可相对于所述第一构件旋转。
9. 根据方案8所述的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，所述能量管理组件还包括可操作地联接到所述第二构件上的枢转元件。
10. 根据方案1所述的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，其特征在于，所述第二构件在所述第二构件的位置范围内保持在与所述凸起的外表面的接触过盈状态。
11. 根据方案1所述的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，所述能量管理组件还包括设置在所述第二构件的多个孔口内的所述第一构件的多个凸起。
12. 根据方案11所述的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，其特征在于，所述多个凸起中的各个的变形量在总体上被平均。
13. 根据方案1所述的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，其特征在于，所述可弹性地变形的能量管理组件设置在车辆中。
14. 一种利用可弹性地变形的能量管理组件来管理能量吸收的方法，包括：
使第一构件的凸起的外表面与第二构件的孔口壁接合，所述凸起设置在由所述孔口壁限定的孔口内；
在与所述第二构件接合时使所述孔口壁和所述凸起中的至少一者弹性地变形；以及
在将所述负载状态施加到所述可弹性地变形的能量管理组件期间在所述凸起与所述孔口壁之间传递能量。
15. 根据方案14所述的方法，所述方法还包括：使所述多个凸起与多个孔口壁接合且使所述多个凸起弹性地变形，其中所述多个凸起包括可弹性地变形的材料。
16. 根据方案15所述的方法，所述方法还包括：执行所述多个凸起中的各个的变形量的弹性平均。
17. 根据方案14所述的方法，所述方法还包括：使多个凸起与多个孔口壁接合且使所述多个孔口壁弹性地变形，其中所述多个孔口壁包括可弹性地变形的材料。
18. 根据方案17所述的方法，所述方法还包括：执行所述多个孔口壁中的各个的变形量的弹性平均。
19. 一种用于车辆领域的能量管理组件，包括：
潜在接触区域构件；
从所述潜在接触区域构件延伸的至少一个凸起，所述至少一个凸起具有外表面；以及
匹配构件，其包括由孔口壁限定的至少一个孔口，所述孔口壁与所述至少一个凸起的外表面可滑动地接合，其中所述凸起和所述孔口壁中的至少一者包括可弹性地变形的材料。
20. 根据方案19所述的能量管理组件，其特征在于，所述潜在接触区域构件设置在车辆内部。
本发明的以上特征和优点及其它特征和优点从本发明的以下详细描述结合附图将显而易见。
附图说明
其它特征、优点和细节仅通过举例的方式在实施例的以下详细描述中呈现，详细描述参照了附图，在附图中：
图1为可弹性地变形的能量管理组件的侧视示意图；
图2为可弹性地变形的能量管理组件的孔口和凸起布置的示意图；
图3为根据本发明的另一方面的在第一位置中的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件的侧视示意图；
图4为根据本发明的另一方面的在第二位置中的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件的侧视示意图；以及
图5为示出了利用可变形的能量管理组件来管理能量吸收的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
参看图1，示出了可弹性地变形的能量管理组件10。可弹性地变形的能量管理组件10包括可匹配构件，例如第一构件12和第二构件14，所述可匹配构件可相对于彼此设置处于匹配构造。在一个实施例中，可弹性地变形的能量管理组件10在车辆应用中使用，然而将理解的是，构件可与受益于能量管理的许多其它应用和工业相关联，例如，诸如家用电器和航天应用。在示例性实施例中，能量管理涉及响应于直接或间接在第二构件14上的负载或接触的能量吸收。在车辆应用中，可弹性地变形的能量管理组件10可设置在潜在接触区域附近，以吸收能量。接触区域可指代易于由物体接触的任何位置，例如，诸如乘坐者的膝部或头部附近的区域。然而，将认识到的是，接触区域不需要乘坐者的接触，因为接触可发生在车辆构件之间。
可弹性地变形的能量管理组件10示为处于下文将详细描述的不同状态中。在所示的实施例中，第一构件12包括主要部分16，其包括第一表面18。凸起20从主要部分16延伸，且更具体而言从第一表面18延伸。凸起20可以以许多备选几何构型形成，例如以所示的大致圆形几何构型形成。在一个实施例中，凸起20包括管状部件，所述管状部件包括中空部分，中空部分增大凸起20的可变形性，凸起20的可变形性在下文中更详细地描述。不管精确的几何构型如何，凸起20都包括外表面22（图2），外表面22在圆形凸起的情况下形成周长和凸起直径。
第二构件14构造成与第一构件12的凸起20以紧密匹配关系接合。为了确保第二构件14与凸起20的外表面22之间的配合接合，凸起20设置在由第二构件14的孔口壁26限定的孔口24内。由孔口壁26限定的孔口24可为第二构件14的内部模制特征，或可为构造成插入并紧固到第二构件14中的支架。孔口壁26包括小于凸起20的相应周长或直径的孔口宽度或周长。孔口24延伸穿过第二构件14，且在本文中可称为槽口。凸起20和孔口壁26中的一者或两者的可弹性地变形的性质有助于第一构件12和第二构件14的紧密匹配布置，这计入/考虑了由于制造工艺而固然存在的构件的位置变化。
结合图1来参看图2，凸起20和孔口24被示出处于各种位置。如图所示，孔口壁26可定形状成包括止动区域28，其构造成便于凸起20的初始插入和固持。在一个实施例中，止动区域28可相对于孔口24的纵向方向30设置在孔口24的中心或中部附近。凸起20和孔口24构造成相对于彼此移动。在一个实施例中，第一构件12（且因此凸起20）固定在静止位置，其中第二构件14构造成在将负载施加到第二构件14上时相对于第一构件12移动。第一构件12的相对移动可以是平移、旋转或其组合。还可构想出第一构件12是可移动的。
凸起20和/或孔口壁26的可弹性地变形的材料提供凸起20和/或孔口壁26的延展性，从而允许凸起20相对于第二构件14的孔口壁26滑动。以此方式，第二构件14与凸起20的外表面22可滑动地接合。具体而言，第二构件14（且更具体地是孔口壁26）在第一构件12与第二构件14之间的相对平移期间保持与凸起20的外表面22的恒定的紧密接触。此外，被接触的材料的可变形性质将能量吸收质量提供给可弹性变形的能量管理组件10。
在操作中，第二构件14构造成在施加力（例如，物体的接触）时平移。在一个实施例中，负载引入负载表面32附近。如可认识到的那样，在一些实施例中，表面32附近的负载将仅为总负载的矢量。如下文详细描述的那样，这可基于第二构件14的旋转方面（相对于直线平移）有利地实现。与接触相关联的能量传递至第一构件12且由第一构件12吸收，且更具体而言被传递至与孔口壁26接触的凸起20且由其吸收。当第二构件14从第一位置40移动至第二位置42时，孔口24相对于凸起20移动，从而导致凸起20在孔口24内的相对位移。将认识到的是，由孔口24相对于凸起20移位的距离将变化，且由施加到第二构件14的负载表面32上的力确定。
参看图3和图4，示出了可弹性地变形的能量管理组件10的备选实施例。实施例在许多方面类似于上文详细描述的实施例，使得不需要重复描述可弹性地变形的能量管理组件10的若干特征。此外，在适用的情况下，使用了类似的附图标记。备选实施例绘出了设置在第二构件14的后表面52附近的枢转元件50。枢转元件50可操作地联接到第二构件14上，且构造成便于第二构件14的旋转。将认识到的是，枢转元件50包括紧固件、卡扣特征等，且可包括柔性或可弹性地变形的材料。还将构想出的是，枢转元件50可为由固持件54固持的刚性紧固件，其构造成柔性地提供扭转运动，从而便于第二构件14的旋转。
如图所述，第二构件14的旋转方面引起凸起20与孔口壁26之间的相对移动，类似于上文参照前述实施例所述的那样。第二构件14被示出为处于第一位置60（图3）和第二位置62（图4）。
任何适合的可弹性地变形的材料可用于凸起20和/或孔口壁26。术语"可弹性地变形"是指构件或构件的部分（包括构件特征）包括具有大体上可弹性地变形的特性的材料，其中材料构造成响应于力的施加而经历其形状、尺寸或两者的回弹性地可逆的变化。引起材料的回弹性地可逆或弹性变形的力可包括张力、压缩力、剪切力、弯曲或扭力，或这些力的各种组合。可弹性地变形的材料可呈现出线性弹性变形（例如，根据胡克定律所述的）或非线性弹性变形。
可至少部分地形成构件的材料的许多实例包括各种金属、聚合物、陶瓷、无机材料或玻璃，或任何上述材料的复合物，或它们的任何其它组合。可构想出许多复合材料，包括各种填充聚合物，包括玻璃、陶瓷、金属和无机材料填充的聚合物，特别是玻璃、金属、陶瓷、无机物或碳纤维填充的聚合物。可使用任何适合的填料形态，包括所有形状和尺寸的颗粒或纤维。更具体而言，可使用任何适合类型的纤维，包括连续和不连续的纤维、织造和非织造的布、毡或丝束，或它们的组合。可使用任何适合的金属，包括各种等级和合金的钢、铸铁、铝、镁或钛，或它们的复合物，或它们的任何其它组合。聚合物可包括热塑性聚合物或热固性聚合物两者，或它们的复合物，或其任何其它组合，包括多种共聚物或聚合物混合物。在一个实施例中，优选的塑料材料为具有弹性性质以便弹性地变形而不会破裂的一种，例如，包括丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯（ABS）聚合物的材料，且更具体是聚碳酸酯ABS聚合物混合物（PC/ABS），如ABS腈纶。材料可为任何形式，且由任何适合的工艺形成或制成，包括模压或成形金属、复合物或其它片材、锻件、挤出零件、冲压零件、铸件或模制件等，以包括本文所述的可变形特征。材料或多种材料可选择成提供凸起20和/或孔口壁26的预定弹性响应特征。例如，预定弹性响应特征可包括例如预定弹性模量。
上文所述的各个实施例可包括凸起20和/或孔口壁26的弹性变形。弹性变形主要出现在凸起20的外表面22与第二构件14的孔口壁26之间的接合位置附近。该弹性变形可被弹性地平均，以计入/考虑第一构件12和第二构件14的任何位置误差。换言之，否则可存在间隙和/或错位，其由与第一构件12和第二构件14的部分或节段（特别是定位和固持特征）相关联的位置误差引起。具体而言，与孔口壁26接合的部分的区域的位置变化由接合部分的其余部分抵消。换言之，沿外表面22和/或孔口壁26的变形总体上被平均。
弹性平均提供了匹配构件之间的分界面的弹性变形，其中平均变形提供精确对准，制造位置变化最大限度地减小至Xmin，这由                                               限定，其中X为匹配构件的定位特征的制造位置变化，而N为插入的特征的数目。为了获得弹性平均，可弹性地变形的构件构造成具有至少一个特征及其接触表面，所述接触表面受过度约束，且提供了与另一构件及其接触表面的匹配特征的过盈配合。过度约束的状态和过盈配合使至少一个特征或匹配特征中的至少一者或两个特征回弹性可逆地（弹性地）变形。构件的这些特征的回弹性可逆性质允许构件的可重复插入和取出，从而便于所述构件的组装和拆卸。构件的位置变化可导致施加在接触表面的区域上的力变化，所述接触表面在过盈状态中在构件插入期间被过度约束和接合。将认识到的是，单个插入构件可相对于构件的周长的长度弹性地平均。弹性平均的原理在共同拥有的共同在审美国专利申请第13/187,675号中被详细描述，该专利的公开内容通过引用以其整体并入本文中。上文公开的实施例提供了将与上述弹性平均原理不相容的现有构件转换为确实有助于弹性平均及其相关益处的组件的能力。
在一个实施例中，可弹性地变形的能量管理组件10包括多个凸起，其构造成接合由多个孔口壁限定的多个孔口。在此实施例中，根据上文提到的原理，多个凸起和/或多个孔口壁中的各个的弹性变形总体上相对于彼此平均。
如图5中所示，且参照图1-4，还提供了管理能量吸收的方法100。可弹性地变形的能量管理组件10（且更具体是凸起20和/或孔口壁26的可弹性地变形的性质）已经在前文被描述，且具体结构构件不必进一步详细描述。方法100包括：使得凸起20的外表面22与第二构件14的孔口壁26接合（102），凸起20设置在由孔口壁26限定的孔口24内。孔口壁26和凸起20中的至少一者在接合时可弹性地变形（104）。方法还包括：在负载状态施加到可弹性地变形的能量管理组件10上期间在凸起20与孔口壁26之间传递能量（106）。
尽管已经参照示例性实施例描述了本发明，但本领域的技术人员将理解的是，可作出各种变化且等同方案可替代其元件，而并未脱离本发明的范围。此外，可作出许多改型，以使特定情形或材料适合本发明的教导，而不脱离本发明的实质范围。因此，期望本发明不限于公开的特定实施例，而是本发明将包括落入本申请的范围内的所有实施例。

Claims (10)

1. 一种可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，包括：
第一构件；
从所述第一构件延伸的至少一个凸起，所述至少一个凸起具有外表面；以及
第二构件，所述第二构件包括由孔口壁限定的至少一个孔口，所述孔口壁与所述至少一个凸起的外表面可滑动地接合，其中所述凸起和所述孔口壁中的至少一者包括可弹性地变形的材料。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，其特征在于，所述孔口包括槽口，其中所述凸起构造成在所述槽口内相对于所述第二构件滑动。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，其特征在于，所述槽口包括构造成在卸载状态中不动地固持所述凸起的止动部。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，其特征在于，所述止动部设置在沿所述槽口的纵向方向的中部附近。
5. 根据权利要求2所述的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，其特征在于，所述槽口模制到所述第二构件中。
6. 根据权利要求2所述的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，其特征在于，所述槽口形成在可插入所述第二构件中的支架中。
7. 根据权利要求1所述的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，其特征在于，所述第一构件设置在固定的静止位置，其中所述第二构件可相对于所述第一构件移动。
8. 根据权利要求7所述的可弹性地变形的能量管理组件，其特征在于，所述第二构件可相对于所述第一构件旋转。
9. 一种利用可弹性地变形的能量管理组件来管理能量吸收的方法，包括：
使第一构件的凸起的外表面与第二构件的孔口壁接合，所述凸起设置在由所述孔口壁限定的孔口内；
在与所述第二构件接合时使所述孔口壁和所述凸起中的至少一者弹性地变形；以及
在将所述负载状态施加到所述可弹性地变形的能量管理组件期间在所述凸起与所述孔口壁之间传递能量。
10. 一种用于车辆领域的能量管理组件，包括：
潜在接触区域构件；
从所述潜在接触区域构件延伸的至少一个凸起，所述至少一个凸起具有外表面；以及
匹配构件，其包括由孔口壁限定的至少一个孔口，所述孔口壁与所述至少一个凸起的外表面可滑动地接合，其中所述凸起和所述孔口壁中的至少一者包括可弹性地变形的材料。
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