CN104100619B - 弹性配合组件和弹性地组装可配合部件的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本公开涉及弹性配合组件和弹性地组装可配合部件的方法。弹性配合组件包括:第一部件,其包括大致刚性材料和由孔眼壁限定出的孔眼。所述组件还包括具有切口部的可弹性变形第二部件。所述可弹性变形第二部件还包括与孔眼壁可移除地接合的第二部件外壁,其中第二部件大致设置于孔眼内。所述弹性配合组件进一步包括:第三部件,其与所述可弹性变形第二部件的切口部可移除地接合,其中所述可弹性变形第二部件被构造成在与所述第三部件的外表面接触时在所述切口部附近弹性地变形。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及可配合部件,并且更特别地涉及弹性配合组件,以及弹性地组装这类部件的方法。
背景技术
当前,待在制造工艺中配合在一起的部件基于部件之间的配合机构而受到位置波动的影响。一种常见机构包括通过2路和/或4路阳性对齐特征相对于彼此相互定位的部件,所述阳性对齐特征通常为尺寸较小的结构,其被接收到相应的尺寸较大的阴性对齐特征中,比如呈开口或槽形式的孔眼。替代地,可以采用双面胶带、胶粘剂或焊接工艺来配合零部件。与确切配合机构无关,在对齐特征的至少一部分之间存在间隙,其被预定为与作为加工(或制造)偏差的结果而产生的配合特征的预期尺寸和位置波动公差匹配。作为结果,配合部件之间的显著位置波动的发生是有可能的,其可能造成存在非所需地大的且变化的缝隙以及其它方面的配合不良。对齐和附接特征之间的间隙可能导致配合部件之间的相对运动,其造成品质感觉差。附加的非所需影响包括例如配合部件的吱吱声和咯咯声(squeaking and rattling)。
发明内容
在一个示例性实施例中,弹性配合组件包括:第一部件,其包括大致刚性材料和由孔眼壁限定出的孔眼。所述组件还包括具有切口部的可弹性变形第二部件。所述可弹性变形第二部件还包括与孔眼壁可移除地接合的第二部件外壁,其中第二部件大致设置于孔眼内。所述弹性配合组件进一步包括:第三部件,其与所述可弹性变形第二部件的切口部可移除地接合,其中所述可弹性变形第二部件被构造成在与所述第三部件的外表面接触时在所述切口部附近弹性地变形。
在另一示例性实施例中,提供了弹性地组装可配合部件的方法。所述方法包括:使包括大致刚性材料的第一部件在所述第一部件的孔眼壁附近与包括可弹性变形材料的可弹性变形第二部件接合。所述方法还包括:将第三部件插入所述可弹性变形第二部件的切口部中,其中所述可弹性变形第二部件和第三部件在所述第三部件的外表面与所述切口部的切口部边缘附近形成接触干涉。所述方法进一步包括:使所述可弹性变形第二部件在与所述第三部件的外表面接触时在所述切口部的切口部边缘附近弹性变形。
本公开还提供以下技术方案:
1. 一种弹性配合组件,包括:
第一部件,包括大致刚性材料和由孔眼壁限定出的孔眼;
可弹性变形第二部件,包括:
切口部;和
第二部件外壁,其与所述孔眼壁可移除地接合,其中所述可弹性变形第二部件被设置成大致处于所述孔眼内;和
第三部件,与所述可弹性变形第二部件的切口部可移除地接合,其中所述可弹性变形第二部件被构造成在与所述第三部件的外表面接触时在所述切口部附近弹性地变形。
2. 如技术方案1所述的弹性配合组件,其中,所述第二部件外壁包括周缘切口,所述周缘切口被构造成在其中相适地接收所述孔眼壁。
3. 如技术方案1所述的弹性配合组件,其中,所述第一部件的孔眼壁包括切口,所述切口被构造成在其中相适地接收所述第二部件外壁。
4. 如技术方案1所述的弹性配合组件,其中,所述大致刚性材料包括片状金属。
5. 如技术方案1所述的弹性配合组件,其中,所述切口部包括被构造成接收所述第三部件的颈状部段。
6. 如技术方案5所述的弹性配合组件,其中,所述颈状部段包括颈状部段宽度,并且所述第三部件的外表面包括外表面宽度,其中所述外表面宽度大于所述颈状部段宽度。
7. 如技术方案1所述的弹性配合组件,其中,所述第三部件包括实心管状构件。
8. 如技术方案1所述的弹性配合组件,其中,所述第三部件包括空心管状构件。
9. 如技术方案1所述的弹性配合组件,其中,所述第三部件包括可弹性变形材料,其被构造成在与所述可弹性变形第二部件的切口部接触时弹性地变形。
10. 如技术方案1所述的弹性配合组件,进一步包括:处于所述第三部件的外表面与所述可弹性变形第二部件的切口部的颈状部段之间的界面附近的接触干涉状态。
11. 如技术方案1所述的弹性配合组件,进一步包括:与所述可弹性变形第二部件的切口部可移除地接合的多个第三部件。
12. 如技术方案1所述的弹性配合组件,进一步包括:与所述第一部件可移除地接合的多个可弹性变形第二部件。
13. 如技术方案12所述的弹性配合组件,其中,所述多个可弹性变形第二部件与所述第一部件的多个孔眼可移除地接合。
14. 如技术方案13所述的弹性配合组件,进一步包括:与所述多个可弹性变形第二部件的每个的切口部可移除地接合的多个第三部件。
15. 如技术方案13所述的弹性配合组件,进一步包括:所述多个第三部件的完全接合位置,其中所述完全接合位置包括所述多个第三部件的每个的外表面与所述多个可弹性变形第二部件的切口部之间的接触干涉,其中所述多个可弹性变形第二部件的变形量在总体上被平均。
16. 一种弹性地组装可配合部件的方法,包括:
使包括大致刚性材料的第一部件在所述第一部件的孔眼壁附近与包括可弹性变形材料的可弹性变形第二部件接合;
将第三部件插入所述可弹性变形第二部件的切口部中,其中所述可弹性变形第二部件和第三部件在所述第三部件的外表面与所述切口部的切口部边缘附近形成接触干涉;以及
使所述可弹性变形第二部件在与所述第三部件的外表面接触时在所述切口部的切口部边缘附近弹性变形。
17. 如技术方案16所述的方法,进一步包括:对遍及多个可弹性变形第二部件的弹性变形进行弹性平均,其中在到达多个第三部件的完全接合位置时,在所述第三部件与所述第一部件之间建立装配对齐。
18. 如技术方案16所述的方法,其中,使所述第一部件与所述可弹性变形第二部件接合包括将所述孔眼壁相适地接合在形成于所述可弹性变形第二部件中的周缘切口内。
19. 如技术方案16所述的方法,其中,使所述第一部件与所述可弹性变形第二部件接合包括将第二部件外壁相适地接合在形成于所述孔眼壁中的切口内。
20. 如技术方案16所述的方法,进一步包括:使所述第三部件在与所述切口部边缘接触时在所述外表面附近弹性变形,其中所述第三部件包括可弹性变形材料。
从下面对本发明的详细描述,在结合附图理解时,本发明的上述特征和优点及其他特征和优点是显而易见的。
附图说明
其它特征、优点和细节只通过示例方式出现在下面对实施例的详细描述中,所述详细描述参考附图,附图中:
图1是弹性配合组件的平面图;
图2是沿线2-2所取的剖视图,示出了弹性配合组件的第一部件与第二部件之间的接合;
图3是弹性配合组件的第二部件与第三部件之间的接合的透视图;
图4是根据本发明的另一方面的第二部件与第三部件之间的接合的平面图;并且
图5是流程图,示出了弹性地组装弹性配合组件的可配合部件的方法。
具体实施方式
参考图1和2,示出了弹性配合组件10。弹性配合组件10包括可配合部件,比如第一部件12和可弹性变形第二部件14,它们被构造成彼此接合。在一个实施例中,弹性配合组件10被采用在交通工具应用中。然而,应该明白的是:这些部件可以关联于众多其它应用和工业,比如家用电器和航空航天应用等。
第一部件12由大致刚性材料比如片状金属形成,而可弹性变形第二部件14至少部分地由可弹性变形材料形成,其将在下面被详细描述。可弹性变形第二部件14的可弹性变形性质提供插入件,其具有用于部件的柔性界面,以与第一部件12间接地配合或偶合。
在接合位置,可弹性变形第二部件14被大致设置在第一部件12的由孔眼壁18限定出的孔眼16内。可弹性变形第二部件14包括第二部件外壁20,其在孔眼壁18附近与第一部件12接合。第一部件12与可弹性变形第二部件14之间的接合可以通过在这些部件之间提供可移除接合的众多想到的偶合结构来得到促进。一个这种结构包括榫槽配置。如图2中示出的,第二部件外壁20包括围绕第二部件外壁20延伸的周缘切口22,且周缘切口22被构造成在其中相适地接收孔眼壁18。替代地,第一部件12的孔眼壁18可以包括切口,其被构造成在其中相适地接收第二部件外壁20的至少一部分。任一配置或其组合在第一部件12与可弹性变形第二部件14之间提供“卡扣配合”接合。如以上指出的,可想到的是:可弹性变形第二部件14被可移除地接合在第一部件12的孔眼16内,由此在插入的可弹性变形第二部件之间提供可互换的柔性,以及提供将可弹性变形第二部件14作为附加特征合并到现有第一部件中。
参考图3,可弹性变形第二部件14被采用为第一部件12(图1)与第三部件24之间的中间件,所述第三部件24将与第一部件12配合和对齐。更具体地,第三部件24是阳性部分,其可以从待与第一部件12配合和对齐的无数结构或部件(未示出)延伸。
可弹性变形第二部件14包括由切口部边缘28限定出的切口部26。切口部26被构造成接合并接收第三部件24。更具体地,在第三部件24插入可弹性变形第二部件14的切口部26中时,切口部边缘28与第三部件24的外表面30接合。切口部26可以以众多形状并在可弹性变形第二部件14的各种位置处形成。在所示实施例中,切口部26包括颈状部段32和至少一个外侧球状部段34。颈状部段32窄于至少一个外侧球状部段34,并包括颈状部段宽度36(图4)。
第三部件24可以被形成为众多几何结构,并且在所示实施例中包括大致管状的构件,其可以是实心或者可以在其中包括空心部分。与第三部件24的确切几何结构无关,第三部件24包括外表面宽度38,其大于颈状部段宽度36。尽管提及了单个可弹性变形第二部件和单个第三部件,但是弹性配合组件10的实施例包括多个可弹性变形第二部件和多个第三部件,如以下将详细描述的。
如从本文的描述中将清楚明了的,可弹性变形第二部件的可弹性变形性质结合以上描述的特定取向会促进第三部件24(和与之连接的任何结构或部件)相对于第一部件12的精确对齐,方法是应对因制造工艺而固有地存在的第一部件12和/或第三部件24的保持和/或定位特征的位置波动。与弹性配合组件10相关联的自对齐益处将在下面详细描述。
在第三部件24朝可弹性变形第二部件14以及第一部件12平移时,第三部件24被定位并与可弹性变形第二部件14的切口部26接合。更具体地,第三部件24的外表面30在颈状部段32附近与切口部边缘28接合。后续平移导致可弹性变形第二部件14的弹性变形。具体地,如以上指出的,颈状部段宽度36小于外表面宽度38,由此确保第三部件24与可弹性变形第二部件14的颈状部段28之间的接触。
在另一实施例(图4)中,第三部件24也至少部分地由可弹性变形材料形成。在这种实施例中,第三部件24被构造成在与可弹性变形第二部件14的切口部26接触时弹性地变形。
任何适当的可弹性变形材料都可以用于可弹性变形第二部件14,以及可弹性变形实施例中的第三部件24。术语“可弹性变形”是指部件或包括部件特征在内的部件的一些部分包含具有通常的弹性变形特性的材料,其中所述材料被构造成响应于作用力的施加在其形状、尺寸或两者上经受弹性可逆的变化。导致材料的弹性可逆或弹性变形的作用力可以包括拉伸、压缩、剪切、弯曲或扭转作用力、或这些作用力的各种组合。可弹性变形材料可以呈现出:线性弹性变形,例如根据虎克定律描述的弹性变形;或非线性弹性变形。
可以至少部分地形成这些部件的材料的众多示例包括各种金属、聚合物、陶瓷、无机材料或玻璃、或前述材料中任意种的复合材料、或其任何其它组合。大量复合材料被设想到,包括各种填充聚合物,包括玻璃、陶瓷、金属和无机材料填充聚合物,特别是玻璃、金属、陶瓷、无机或碳纤维填充聚合物。可以采用任何适当的填料形态,包括所有形状和尺寸的颗粒或纤维。更具体地,可以使用任意适当类型的纤维,包括连续和不连续的纤维、织造和非织造的布料、毛毡或亚麻短纤维(tow)、或其组合。可以使用任何适当的金属,包括钢、铸铁、铝、镁或钛的各种牌号和合金、或其复合材料、或其任何其它组合。聚合物可以包括热塑性聚合物或热固性聚合物、或其复合材料、或其任何其它组合,包括宽范围的共聚物和聚合物共混物。在一个实施例中,优选的塑料材料是这样一种塑料材料,其具有弹性性能,以便弹性变形而不产生裂纹,例如,包括以下成分的材料:丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯(ABS)聚合物、更特别是聚碳酸酯ABS聚合物共混物(PC/ABS),比如ABS丙烯酸。材料可以呈任何形式,并且由任何适当的工艺形成或制造,包括冲压或成型金属、复合材料或其它片材、锻件、挤出件、压制件、铸件、或模制件和类似物,用以包括在本文中描述的可变形特征。一种材料或多种材料可以被选择来提供可弹性变形第二部件14和第三部件24(如果可弹性变形的话)的预定弹性响应特性。预定弹性响应特性可以包括例如预定弹性模量。
外表面30与切口部26之间接合之处的确切位置将根据由制造因素造成的位置偏差而变化。由于构成可弹性变形第二部件14的弹性材料的可弹性变形性能,初始接合位置的关键性被降低。第三部件24向切口部26中的进一步插入最终导致第三部件24的完全接合位置。在完全接合位置,通过外表面30与切口部边缘28之间的接触干涉,实现了第三部件24与第一部件12之间的紧密装配接合。通过将外表面宽度38定尺寸为大于颈状部段宽度36而确保这种状态。第三部件24与切口部26之间的干涉导致在切口部26和第三部件24附近弹性变形,而不管第三部件24是否由可弹性变形材料构成。材料的延展性减少与位置偏差相关联的问题。
在一个实施例中,第一部件12可以包括多个孔眼,其被构造成接收多个可弹性变形第二部件。此外,多个第三部件可以被包括。所述多个第三部件可以被可移除地接合在单个可弹性变形第二部件的单个切口部内,并且/或者可以被可移除地接合在多个可弹性变形第二部件的不同切口部内。多个可弹性变形第二部件的弹性变形使第一部件12与第三部件24的任何位置误差弹性地平均化。换言之,缝隙和/或错位要不然将由于与第一部件12和第三部件24的一些部分或部段特别是定位和保持特征相关联的位置误差而存在。具体地,每个第三部件24的位置偏差被其余第三部件抵消,以在总体上平均每个部件的位置偏差。弹性平均提供配合部件之间的界面的弹性变形,其中平均变形提供精确对齐,制造位置偏差被最小化为Xmin,其由Xmin=X√N限定出,其中X是配合部件的定位特征的制造位置偏差,而N是所插入特征的数量。为了获得弹性平均,可弹性变形部件被构造成具有至少一个特征及其接触表面,其被过度约束,并提供与另一部件的配合特征及其接触表面的干涉配合。过度约束状态和干涉配合使所述至少一个特征或所述配合特征或两特征中的至少一者弹性可逆地(弹性地)变形。部件的这些特征的弹性可逆性质允许部件的可重复插入和撤回,其促进它们的组装和拆卸。部件的位置偏差可能导致不同作用力被施加在接触表面的一些区域之上,这些区域在部件被插入处于干涉状态的期间被过度约束和接合。应该理解的是:可以相对于部件的周缘的长度来使单个插入部件弹性地平均化。弹性平均的原理在共同拥有的共同未决的美国专利申请No. 13/187,675中有详细描述,其公开内容通过引用整体并入本文。以上公开的实施例提供将与上述弹性平均原理不兼容的现有部件转换为确实会促进弹性平均的组件的能力以及与之相关联的益处。
如图5中示出的,并且参考图1-4,还提供了弹性地组装可配合部件100的方法。弹性配合组件10更具体地说可弹性变形第二部件14的可弹性变形性质已经在前面被描述了,从而不必更详细地描述特定的结构部件。方法100包括在第一部件12的孔眼壁18附近使第一部件12与可弹性变形第二部件14接合(102)。方法100还包括将第三部件24插入(104)可弹性变形第二部件14的切口部26中,其中可弹性变形第二部件14与第三部件24在第三部件24的外表面30和切口部边缘28附近形成接触干涉。方法100进一步包括在与第三部件24的外表面30接触时使可弹性变形第二部件14在切口部26的切口部边缘28附近弹性变形(106)。
虽然已经参考示例性实施例描述了本发明,但是本领域的技术人员应该明白的是:在不背离本发明的范围的情况下,可以做出各种变化,并且等同方案可以被用来替代其构成要素。另外,可以进行多种修改以将特定情形或者材料适应于本发明的教导,而不背离本发明的实质范围。因此,希望的是本发明不受限于所公开的特定实施例,而是本发明将包括落入本申请范围内的所有实施例。
Claims (18)
1.一种弹性配合组件,包括:
第一部件,包括刚性材料和由孔眼壁限定出的孔眼;
可弹性变形第二部件,包括:
切口部,所述切口部包括颈状部段、位于所述切口部的第一端的第一球状部段、以及位于所述切口部的第二端的第二球状部段, 其中,所述颈状部段包括颈状部段宽度,第一球状部段和第二球状部段具有大于颈状部段宽度的球状部段宽度;和
第二部件外壁,其与所述孔眼壁可移除地接合,其中所述可弹性变形第二部件被设置成处于所述孔眼内;和
第三部件,与所述可弹性变形第二部件的切口部可移除地接合,其中所述可弹性变形第二部件被构造成在与所述第三部件的外表面接触时在所述切口部附近弹性地变形,所述第三部件的外表面包括外表面宽度,其中,所述外表面宽度大于所述颈状部段宽度。
2.如权利要求1所述的弹性配合组件,其中,所述第二部件外壁包括周缘切口,所述周缘切口被构造成在其中相适地接收所述孔眼壁。
3.如权利要求1所述的弹性配合组件,其中,所述第一部件的孔眼壁包括切口,所述切口被构造成在其中相适地接收所述第二部件外壁。
4.如权利要求1所述的弹性配合组件,其中,所述刚性材料包括片状金属。
5.如权利要求1所述的弹性配合组件,其中,所述第三部件包括实心管状构件。
6.如权利要求1所述的弹性配合组件,其中,所述第三部件包括空心管状构件。
7.如权利要求1所述的弹性配合组件,其中,所述第三部件包括可弹性变形材料,其被构造成在与所述可弹性变形第二部件的切口部接触时弹性地变形。
8.如权利要求1所述的弹性配合组件,进一步包括:处于所述第三部件的外表面与所述可弹性变形第二部件的切口部的颈状部段之间的界面附近的接触干涉状态。
9.如权利要求1所述的弹性配合组件,进一步包括:与所述可弹性变形第二部件的切口部可移除地接合的多个第三部件。
10.如权利要求1所述的弹性配合组件,进一步包括:与所述第一部件可移除地接合的多个可弹性变形第二部件。
11.如权利要求10所述的弹性配合组件,其中,所述多个可弹性变形第二部件与所述第一部件的多个孔眼可移除地接合。
12.如权利要求11所述的弹性配合组件,进一步包括:与所述多个可弹性变形第二部件的每个的切口部可移除地接合的多个第三部件。
13.如权利要求11所述的弹性配合组件,进一步包括:所述多个第三部件的完全接合位置,其中所述完全接合位置包括所述多个第三部件的每个的外表面与所述多个可弹性变形第二部件的切口部之间的接触干涉,其中所述多个可弹性变形第二部件的变形量在总体上被平均。
14.一种弹性地组装可配合部件的方法,包括:
使包括刚性材料的第一部件在所述第一部件的孔眼壁附近与包括可弹性变形材料的可弹性变形第二部件接合;
将第三部件插入所述可弹性变形第二部件的切口部中,其中所述可弹性变形第二部件和第三部件在所述第三部件的外表面与所述切口部的切口部边缘附近形成接触干涉,所述切口部包括颈状部段、位于所述切口部的第一端的第一球状部段、以及位于所述切口部的第二端的第二球状部段, 其中,所述颈状部段包括颈状部段宽度,第一球状部段和第二球状部段具有大于颈状部段宽度的球状部段宽度;以及
使所述可弹性变形第二部件在与所述第三部件的外表面接触时在所述切口部的切口部边缘附近弹性变形,所述第三部件的外表面包括外表面宽度,其中,所述外表面宽度大于所述颈状部段宽度。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,进一步包括:对遍及多个可弹性变形第二部件的弹性变形进行弹性平均,其中在到达多个第三部件的完全接合位置时,在所述第三部件与所述第一部件之间建立装配对齐。
16.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中,使所述第一部件与所述可弹性变形第二部件接合包括将所述孔眼壁相适地接合在形成于所述可弹性变形第二部件中的周缘切口内。
17.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中,使所述第一部件与所述可弹性变形第二部件接合包括将第二部件外壁相适地接合在形成于所述孔眼壁中的切口内。
18.如权利要求14所述的方法,进一步包括:使所述第三部件在与所述切口部边缘接触时在所述外表面附近弹性变形,其中所述第三部件包括可弹性变形材料。
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Also Published As
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US20140301778A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
DE102014104560A1 (de) | 2014-10-09 |
BR102014003920A2 (pt) | 2015-12-08 |
CN104100619A (zh) | 2014-10-15 |
US9297400B2 (en) | 2016-03-29 |
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