CN101415718A - 环金属化的咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶和二咪唑并[1,2-a:1’,2’-c]喹唑啉配位体和其等电子和苯并环化类似物的金属络合物 - Google Patents
环金属化的咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶和二咪唑并[1,2-a:1’,2’-c]喹唑啉配位体和其等电子和苯并环化类似物的金属络合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101415718A CN101415718A CNA2007800085332A CN200780008533A CN101415718A CN 101415718 A CN101415718 A CN 101415718A CN A2007800085332 A CNA2007800085332 A CN A2007800085332A CN 200780008533 A CN200780008533 A CN 200780008533A CN 101415718 A CN101415718 A CN 101415718A
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- compound
- phenyl
- group
- ligand
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- Granted
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- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 4
- RDOWQLZANAYVLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthridine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=NC2=C1 RDOWQLZANAYVLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 92
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- -1 2,4,6-triisopropyl phenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- TZMFJUDUGYTVRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-2,3-dione Chemical compound CCC(=O)C(C)=O TZMFJUDUGYTVRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 22
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 124
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 121
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 114
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 109
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 108
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 106
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 105
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 92
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 76
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 64
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 60
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 59
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 57
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 56
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 55
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 55
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 54
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 50
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 43
- 150000005053 phenanthridines Chemical class 0.000 description 40
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 38
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 33
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 33
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 25
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+) Chemical compound [Ir+3] MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 22
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 20
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 19
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 17
- VNFWTIYUKDMAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sphos Chemical group COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 VNFWTIYUKDMAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 16
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 13
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 12
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCC IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 10
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 9
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 9
- PLOCPSZUSGEEMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthridin-1-amine Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=C3C(N)=CC=CC3=NC=C21 PLOCPSZUSGEEMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 9
- QSKPIOLLBIHNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-acetaldehyde Chemical compound ClCC=O QSKPIOLLBIHNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 6
- WGLUMOCWFMKWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloromethane;methanol Chemical compound OC.ClCCl WGLUMOCWFMKWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 208000033962 Fontaine progeroid syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011097 chromatography purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003810 ethyl acetate extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004895 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000003775 Density Functional Theory Methods 0.000 description 4
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YUJLQOQWTBOMRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O.C(#N)C1=C(C=CC=C1)OB(O)O Chemical compound OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O.C(#N)C1=C(C=CC=C1)OB(O)O YUJLQOQWTBOMRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- XGTDDGCFAJPBMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-fluoroimidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridine Chemical class C1=CC=C2C3=CC(F)=CC=C3C3=NC=CN3C2=C1 XGTDDGCFAJPBMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- LYIIBVSRGJSHAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoacetaldehyde Chemical compound NCC=O LYIIBVSRGJSHAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OJWSCRAZKRSYIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-5h-phenanthridin-6-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC(Br)=CC=C3NC(=O)C2=C1 OJWSCRAZKRSYIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005284 basis set Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 3
- SHWNDUJCIYUZRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridine Chemical class C1=CC=C2N3C=CN=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SHWNDUJCIYUZRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MRNHPUHPBOKKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;tin;hydrate Chemical compound O.[In].[Sn] MRNHPUHPBOKKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HLYTZTFNIRBLNA-LNTINUHCSA-K iridium(3+);(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Ir+3].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O HLYTZTFNIRBLNA-LNTINUHCSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentachloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
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- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- RMNIZOOYFMNEJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium;phosphate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RMNIZOOYFMNEJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- NPLZNDDFVCGRAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-cyanophenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1C#N NPLZNDDFVCGRAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDXXHPYFJDKWJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-3-tert-butylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(Br)=C1 FDXXHPYFJDKWJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRGZNFLKQJIFRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-methyl-2h-phenanthridin-1-one Chemical compound C1=CCC(=O)C2=C3C(C)=CC=CC3=CN=C21 WRGZNFLKQJIFRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ABWJVBBLOWNDLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-ditert-butyl-2h-phenanthridin-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC2=C(C(C(C(C)(C)C)C=C3)=O)C3=NC=C21 ABWJVBBLOWNDLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JISVTVYXQCPMEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylphenyl)aniline Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1N JISVTVYXQCPMEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RICKKZXCGCSLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[carboxymethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]ethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]acetic acid Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CN(CCN(CC(O)=O)CC=2C(=C(C)N=CC=2CO)O)CC(O)=O)=C1O RICKKZXCGCSLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTHPVXCQNKHNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-bromo-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC(Br)=CC(C(C)C)=C1CC=O RTHPVXCQNKHNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
描述了包含磷光性金属络合物的化合物,该磷光性金属络合物包含环金属化的咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶和二咪唑并[1,2-a:1’,2’-c]喹唑啉配位体,或它们的等电子或苯并环化类似物。还描述了包含这些化合物的有机发光二极管器件。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求临时申请号60/772,154(2006年2月10日提交);临时申请号60/856,824(2006年11月3日提交);和临时申请号60/874,190(2006年12月11日提交)的优先权权益。
研究协议
所要求保护的发明是代表一个或多个如下联合的大学公司研究协议当事人和/或与这些当事人相关而完成的:普林斯顿大学,南加州大学和Universal Display Corporation。所述协议在所要求保护的发明完成日和之前是有效的,并且所要求保护的发明是作为在所述协议的范围内采取的行动的结果而完成的。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及有机发光器件(OLED),和用于这些器件的有机化合物。
背景
利用有机材料的光电器件由于许多理由越来越为人们所需求。用于制造此类器件的许多材料是相对便宜的,因此有机光电器件具有在成本上比无机器件有优势的潜能。另外,有机材料的固有性能如它们的柔性可以使得它们非常适合于特殊应用,如在柔性基材上制造。有机光电器件的实例包括有机发光器件(OLED)、有机光敏晶体管、有机光生伏打电池和有机光检测器。对于OLED,有机材料可以比常规材料有性能优势。例如,有机发射层发光的波长一般可以容易地用合适的掺杂剂调节。
在这里使用的术语“有机”包括可用来制造有机光电器件的聚合物材料以及小分子有机材料。“小分子”指不是聚合物的任何有机材料,并且“小分子”实际上可以是相当大的。在一些情况下小分子可以包括重复单元。例如,使用长链烷基作为取代基不会将一个分子从“小分子”类型中排除。小分子也可以被引入聚合物中,例如作为在聚合物骨架上的侧基或作为骨架的一部分引入。小分子也可以用作树状分子的芯结构部分,该树状分子由在芯结构部分上构建的一系列化学壳组成。树状分子的芯结构部分可以是荧光或磷光小分子发射体。树状分子可以是“小分子”,并且据信目前在OLED领域中使用的所有树状分子是小分子。通常,小分子具有明确定义的、有单一分子量的化学式,而聚合物的化学式和分子量在分子与分子之间可以不同。在这里使用的“有机”包括烃基和杂原子取代的烃基配位体的金属络合物。
OLED利用薄的有机膜,当对器件施加电压时所述有机膜会发光。OLED正在成为人们越来越感兴趣的技术,用于诸如平板显示器、照明和逆光照明之类的应用中。几种OLED材料和构造已被描述在美国专利号5,844,363、6,303,238和5,707,745中,它们的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中。
OLED器件一般(但并不总是)意图通过电极中的至少一个发光,并且一个或多个透明电极可能用于有机光电器件。例如,透明电极材料,如氧化铟锡(ITO),可以用作底部电极。还可以使用透明顶部电极,如在美国专利号5,703,436和5,707,745中公开的透明顶部电极,所述美国专利的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中。对于打算仅通过底部电极发光的器件,顶部电极不必是透明的,并且可以由具有高导电性的、厚且反射性的金属层组成。类似地,对于打算仅通过顶部电极发光的器件,底部电极可以是不透明的和/或反射性的。当电极不需要是透明的时,使用较厚的层可提供更好的导电性,并且使用反射性电极可以通过将光反射回透明电极来增加通过所述另一电极发射的光的量。也可以制造完全透明的器件,其中两个电极都是透明的。还可以制造侧边发射的OLED,并且在此类器件中一个或两个电极可以是不透明的或反射性的。
在这里使用的“顶部”指最远离基材,而“底部”指最接近基材。例如,对于具有两个电极的器件,底部电极是最接近基材的电极,并且一般是所制造的第一个电极。底部电极有两个表面,即最接近基材的底面和远离基材的顶面。当第一层被描述为“布置在”第二层上,所述第一层远离基材来设置。在所述第一和第二层之间还可以有其它层,除非规定所述第一层与所述第二层“物理接触”。例如,阴极可以被描述为“布置在”阳极上,即使在两者之间有各种有机层。
在这里使用的“可溶液处理的”是指能够在液体介质中溶解、分散或输送和/或从液体介质中沉积,所述液体介质呈溶液或悬浮液的形式。
在这里使用时并且如本领域技术人员通常理解的,第一“最高已占分子轨道”(HOMO)或“最低未占分子轨道”(LUMO)能级“大于”或“高于”第二HOMO或LUMO能级,如果所述第一能级更接近于真空能级。因为电离电位(IP)是作为相对于真空能级的负能量来测量的,较高的HOMO能级对应于具有较小绝对值的IP(不太负性的IP)。类似地,较高的LUMO能级对应于具有较小绝对值的电子亲合势(EA)(不太负性的EA)。在真空能级在顶部的普通的能级图上,材料的LUMO能级高于同一材料的HOMO能级。“较高的”HOMO或LUMO能级比“较低的”HOMO或LUMO能级更接近于这样的图的顶部。
长寿命的发射蓝光的磷光掺杂剂的开发被认为是目前OLED研究与开发的关键的未完成目标。尽管已经实现了发射峰在深蓝或近UV区域中的磷光OLED器件,但是显示出100尼特初始发光度的发蓝光器件的寿命已经是大约几百小时(其中“寿命”指在恒定电流下发光度衰减到最初水平的50%的时间)。例如,衍生自N-甲基-2-苯基咪唑的二齿配位体的铱(III)络合物能够被用于制备蓝光OLED器件,但是采用这些掺杂剂,观察到非常短的寿命(在100尼特初始发光下约250小时)。
因为大部分商业应用预计需要在200尼特初始发光度下超过10,000小时的寿命,所以人们正在寻求在蓝色磷光性OLED器件寿命方面的重大改进。
发明概述
依据上述目的,我们在此描述了数类新型的磷光性金属络合物和OLED器件,它们包含可用于制备长寿命且有效发射蓝、绿和红光的OLED器件的环金属化的咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶或二咪唑并[1,2-a:1’,2’-c]喹唑啉配位体,或其等电子或苯并环化类似物。这些络合物中的许多令人惊奇地具有窄的磷光发射谱线形状,或对于这样的高度共轭分子来说令人惊奇地高的三线态能量,或两者。使用G98/B31yp/cep-31g基集(basis set)的密度功能理论(DFT)计算表明,本发明的发蓝光络合物中的许多具有较小的单线态-三线态间隙,小于大约0.25eV。不希望受到理论的束缚,本发明人相信,稠合环的18π电子计数和特定的排列与所述小的单线态-三线态带隙有关,并且可能对光谱线形状和器件寿命有有利影响。小的单线态-三线态间隙还可以有利于低电压OLED器件的设计和有利地减少包含这样的化合物的OLED器件的功耗。
附图简要说明
图1显示了一种具有单独的电子传输层、空穴传输层和发射层以及其它层的有机发光器件。
图2显示了一种不具有单独的电子传输层的颠倒的有机发光器件。
图3显示了包含化合物es1的器件的IVL、光谱和寿命数据。
图4显示了包含化合物es6的器件的IVL、光谱和寿命数据。
图5显示了包含化合物es8的器件的IVL、光谱和寿命数据。
图6显示了包含化合物es9的器件的IVL、光谱和寿命数据。
图7显示了包含化合物es13的器件的IVL、光谱和寿命数据。
图8显示了包含化合物es14的器件的IVL、光谱和寿命数据。
图9显示了包含化合物es16的器件的IVL、光谱和寿命数据。
图10显示了包含化合物es17的器件的IVL、光谱和寿命数据。
图11显示了包含化合物es19的器件的IVL和光谱数据。
图12显示了包含化合物es20的器件的IVL、光谱和寿命数据。
图13显示了包含化合物es4的器件的IVL、光谱和寿命数据。
图14显示了es101在二氯甲烷溶液中的发射光谱。
图15显示了包含化合物es20作为发射体和包含HILx作为空穴注入层材料的器件的IVL、光谱和寿命数据。
图16显示了包含化合物es20作为发射体和空穴注入层材料的器件的IVL、光谱和寿命数据。
图17显示了化合物HILx的结构。
详细描述
一般地,OLED包括布置在阳极和阴极之间并且电连接到阳极和阴极上的至少一个有机层。当施加电流时,阳极注入空穴和阴极注入电子到所述有机层中。注入的空穴和电子各自向着带相反电荷的电极迁移。当电子和空穴定域在同一分子上时,形成了“激子”,所述激子是具有激发能态的定域的电子-空穴对。当激子通过光发射机理松驰时,光被发射。在一些情况下,所述激子可以定域在受激准分子或激态复合物上。非辐射机理如热弛豫也可能发生,但一般被认为是不希望的。
采用从发射分子的单线态发光(“荧光”)的发射分子的初始OLED被公开在例如美国专利号4,769,292中,该专利全部内容通过引用结合到本文中。荧光发射通常在小于10毫微秒的时间范围内发生。
最近,已经证实了具有从三线态发光(“磷光”)的发射材料的OLED。Baldo等人,“Highly Efficient Phosphorescent Emission fromOrganic Electroluminescent Devices”,Nature,395卷,151-154,1998(“Baldo-I”);和Baldo等人,“Very high-efficiency greenorganic light-emitting devices based onelectrophosphores cence”,Appl.Phys.Lett.,75卷,No.3,4-6(1999)(“Baldo-II”),它们的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中。磷光可以被称为“受禁”跃迁,因为该跃迁要求自旋状态的改变,并且量子力学指出这样的跃迁不是有利的。结果,磷光一般在超过至少10毫微秒,典型地大于100毫微秒的时间范围内发生。如果磷光的自然辐射寿命太长,则三线态可能通过非辐射机理衰减,这样没有光被发射。在非常低的温度下,在含有具有未共享电子对的杂原子的分子中也常常观察到有机磷光。2,2’-联吡啶是这样的分子。非辐射衰减机理典型地是温度依赖性的,这样在液态氮温度下显示磷光的有机材料典型地在室温下不显示磷光。但是,如Baldo所证明的,这一问题可以通过选择在室温下发磷光的磷光化合物来解决。代表性的发射层包括掺杂或未掺杂的磷光有机金属材料,例如在美国专利6,303,238;6,310,360;6,830,828和6,835,469;美国专利申请出版物2002-0182441;和WO-02/074015中所公开的。
一般地,在OLED中的激子被认为是以约3:1的比率产生,即大约75%三线态和25%单线态。参见Adachi等人,“Nearly 100% InternalPhosphorescent Efficiency In An Organic Light Emitting Device”,J.Appl.Phys.,90,5048(2001),它的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中。在很多情况下,单线态激子可以容易地通过“系统间穿越(intersystem crossing)”将它们的能量转移到三线激发态,而三线态激子不能够容易地将它们的能量转移到单线激发态。结果,采用磷光OLED,100%的内量子效率在理论上是可能的。在荧光器件中,三线态激子的能量一般损失到加热该器件的无辐射衰变过程,导致低得多的内量子效率。利用从三线激发态发射的磷光材料的OLED被公开在例如美国专利6,303,238中,它的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中。
从三线激发态到从其发生发射衰减的中间非三线态的跃迁可以先于磷光发射。例如,配位于镧系元素上的有机分子常常从定域在镧系金属上的激发态发射磷光。然而,这样的材料不直接从三线激发态发射磷光,而是从以镧系金属离子为中心的原子激发态发射。铕二酮化物络合物举例说明了一组这些类型的物质。
相对于荧光来说,通过将有机分子束缚(优选通过键接)在高原子序数的原子近处可以增强来自三线态的磷光。这一被称作重原子效应的现象是通过被称为自旋轨道耦合的机理产生的。这样的磷光跃迁可以从有机金属分子如三(2-苯基吡啶)铱(III)的已激发的金属到配位体电荷转移(MLCT)状态观察到。尽管不希望受到理论束缚,据信在有机金属络合物中的有机金属-碳键是实现所述希望的有机分子接近高原子序数的原子的特别优选的方法。具体地说,在本申请的上下文中,有机金属络合物中有机碳-金属键的存在可以促进更大的MLCT属性,该属性可以被用于生产高度有效的器件。
在这里使用的术语“三线态能量”是指与在给定材料的磷光光谱中可辩别的最高能量特征相对应的能量。所述最高能量特征不必是在磷光光谱中具有最大强度的峰,并且它例如可以是在这样的峰的高能量侧的清楚肩部的局部最大值。
在这里使用的术语“有机金属”如本领域普通技术人员一般所理解的那样,并且如例如在“Inorganic Chemistry”(第二版),Gary L.Miessler and Donald A.Tarr,Prentice Hall(1998)中所给出的含义。因此,所述术语有机金属指具有通过碳-金属键键接到金属上的有机基团的化合物。这一类型本质上不包括配位化合物,配位化合物是仅具有来自杂原子的给体键的物质,例如胺、卤化物、拟卤化物(CN等)和类似物的金属络合物。在实践中,除连接到有机物质上的一个或多个碳-金属键之外,有机金属化合物可以包括一个或多个来自杂原子的给体键。连接到有机物质上的碳-金属键指在金属和有机基团如苯基、烷基、链烯基等的碳原子之间的直接的键,但不指连接到“无机碳”如CN或CO的碳上的金属键。
图1显示了有机发光器件100。这些图不一定按比例画出。器件100可包括基材110,阳极115,空穴注入层120,空穴传输层125,电子封闭层130,发射层135,空穴封闭层140,电子传输层145,电子注入层150,保护层155,和阴极160。阴极160是具有第一导电层162和第二导电层164的复合阴极。器件100可以通过按照顺序沉积所述层来制造。
基材110可以是提供所需的结构性能的任何合适基材。基材110可以是柔性或刚性的。基材110可以是透明、半透明或不透明的。塑料和玻璃是优选的刚性基材材料的实例。塑料和金属箔是优选的柔性基材材料的实例。基材110可以是半导体材料,以帮助电路的制造。例如,基材110可以是硅晶片(在它之上制造电路),能够控制随后沉积在基材上的OLED。可以使用其它基材。可以选择基材110的材料和厚度,以获得所需的结构和光学性质。
阳极115可以是有足够的导电性以输送空穴到有机层中的任何合适阳极。阳极115的材料优选具有高于约4eV的功函数(“高功函数材料”)。优选的阳极材料包括导电性金属氧化物,如氧化铟锡(ITO)和氧化铟锌(IZO),氧化锌铝(AlZnO),和金属。阳极115(和基材110)可以是足够透明的,以制造底部发光的器件。一种优选的透明基材和阳极组合是可商购的、沉积在玻璃或塑料(基材)上的ITO(阳极)。柔性和透明的基材-阳极组合公开在美国专利号5,844,363和6,602,540B2中,它们的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中。阳极115可以是不透明的和/或反射性的。反射性阳极115对于一些顶部发光型器件可能是优选的,以增加从器件的顶部发射出的光量。可以选择阳极115的材料和厚度,以获得所需的导电性和光学性质。当阳极115是透明的时,对于一种具体的材料可能有一定的厚度范围,即厚度要足够厚以提供所需的导电性,同时要足够薄以提供所需的透明度。可以使用其它阳极材料和结构。
空穴传输层125可以包括能够传输空穴的材料。空穴传输层130可以是本征的(未掺杂的),或者掺杂的。掺杂可以用于增强导电性。α-NPD和TPD是本征空穴传输层的实例。p-掺杂的空穴传输层的一个实例是按照50:1的摩尔比率掺杂了F4-TCNQ的m-MTDATA,如在Forrest等人的美国专利申请公开号2003-0230980中所公开的,该文献的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中。可以使用其它空穴传输层。
发射层135可以包括当有电流在阳极115和阴极160之间通过时能够发射光的有机材料。优选地,发射层135含有磷光发光材料,虽然荧光发光材料也可以使用。磷光材料因为与此类材料有关的更高发光效率而是优选的。发射层135还可以包括能够传输电子和/或空穴、掺杂了发光材料的主体材料,该发光材料可以捕获电子、空穴和/或激子,使得激子经由光发射机理从发光材料松驰。发射层135可以包括兼有传输和发光性能的单一材料。不论发光材料是掺杂剂或主要成分,发射层135可以包括其它材料,如调节发光材料的发射的掺杂剂。发射层135可以包括能够在组合时发射所需光谱的光线的多种发光材料。磷光发光材料的例子包括Ir(ppy)3。荧光发光材料的例子包括DCM和DMQA。主体材料的例子包括Alq3,CBP和mCP。发光和主体材料的例子公开在Thompson等人的美国专利号6,303,238中,该专利的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中。可以以许多方式将发光材料包括在发射层135中。例如,发光小分子可以被引入聚合物中。这可以通过几种方式来实现:通过将小分子作为单独的和不同的分子物种掺杂到聚合物中;或通过将小分子引入到聚合物的骨架中,以形成共聚物;或通过将小分子作为侧基键接在聚合物上。可以使用其它发射层材料和结构。例如,小分子发光材料可以作为树状分子的芯存在。
许多有用的发光材料包括键接于金属中心上的一个或多个配位体。如果配位体直接对有机金属发光材料的光活性性能有贡献,配位体可以被称为“光活性的”。“光活性的”配位体与金属一起可以提供能级,在发射光子时电子从所述能级出来或进入所述能级。其它配位体可以被称为“辅助的”。辅助的配位体可以改变分子的光活性性能,例如通过使光活性配位体的能级发生位移,但是辅助的配位体不直接提供在光发射中牵涉到的能级。在一个分子中是光活性的配位体在另一个分子中可以是辅助的。这些“光活性的”和“辅助的”的定义并不是限制性的理论。
电子传输层145可以包括能够传输电子的材料。电子传输层145可以是本征的(未掺杂的),或者掺杂的。掺杂可以被用于增强导电性。Alq3是本征电子传输层的一个例子。n-掺杂的电子传输层的一个例子是按照1:1的摩尔比率掺杂了Li的BPhen,如在Forrest等人的美国专利申请出版物2003-0230980号中所公开的,该文献的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中。可以使用其它电子传输层。
可以选择电子传输层的电荷携带组分,使得电子能够有效地从阴极注入到电子传输层的LUMO(最低未占分子轨道)能级。“电荷携带组分”是提供实际上传输电子的LUMO能级的材料。这一组分可以是基础材料,或者它可以是掺杂剂。有机材料的LUMO能级一般可以由该材料的电子亲合势来表征,而阴极的相对电子注入效率一般可以由阴极材料的功函数来表征。这意味着电子传输层和相邻的阴极的优选性能可以根据ETL的电荷携带组分的电子亲合势和阴极材料的功函数来确定。特别地,为了实现高的电子注入效率,阴极材料的功函数优选不比电子传输层的电荷携带组分的电子亲合势大大约0.75eV以上,更优选地,不比电子传输层的电荷携带组分的电子亲合势大大约0.5eV以上。类似的考虑适用于有电子注入其中的任何层。
阴极160可以是现有技术中已知的任何合适的材料或材料组合,使得阴极160能够传导电子和将电子注入器件100的有机层中。阴极160可以是透明的或不透明的,并且可以是反射性的。金属和金属氧化物是合适的阴极材料的例子。阴极160可以是单个层,或可以具有复合结构。图1显示了具有薄的金属层162和厚的导电性金属氧化物层164的复合阴极160。在复合阴极中,用于所述较厚层164的优选材料包括ITO,IZO和现有技术已知的其它材料。美国专利号5,703,436,5,707,745,6,548,956 B2和6,576,134 B2(它们的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中)公开了包括复合阴极在内的阴极的例子,所述复合阴极具有金属如Mg:Ag的薄层,在所述金属薄层上具有层叠的透明的、导电的、溅射沉积的ITO层。阴极160的与下面的有机层接触的部分(不论它是单层阴极160、复合阴极的薄金属层162或一些其它部分)优选由具有小于约4eV的功函数的材料(“低功函数材料”)制成。可以使用其它阴极材料和结构。
封闭层可以用于减少离开发射层的电荷载流子(电子或空穴)和/或激子的数目。电子封闭层130可以布置在发射层135和空穴传输层125之间,以在空穴传输层125的方向上阻断电子离开发射层135。类似地,空穴封闭层140可以布置在发射层135和电子传输层145之间,以在电子传输层145的方向上阻断空穴离开发射层135。封闭层还可以用来阻断激子从发射层中扩散出来。封闭层的理论和使用更详细地描述在美国专利号6,097,147和美国专利申请出版物2003-0230980号(Forrest等人)中,它们的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中。
在这里使用并且如本领域技术人员理解的,术语“封闭层”是指提供显著地抑制电荷载流子和/或激子传输通过器件的阻隔性的层,但并不暗示该层必定完全地阻断电荷载流子和/或激子。这样的封闭层在器件中的存在可以导致比没有封闭层的类似器件明显更高的效率。同时,封闭层可以用来将发射限制到OLED的希望的区域中。
一般地,注入层是由可以改进电荷载流子从一层(如电极或有机层)注入到相邻有机层中的材料组成的。注入层也可以发挥电荷传输功能。在器件100中,空穴注入层120可以是改进空穴从阳极115注入空穴传输层125中的任何层。CuPc是可用作从ITO阳极115和其它阳极注射空穴的空穴注入层的材料的一个实例。在器件100中,电子注入层150可以是改进电子向电子传输层145中的注入的任何层。LiF/A1是可用作从相邻层中注射电子到电子传输层中的电子注入层的材料的一个实例。其它材料或材料组合可以用于注入层。取决于具体器件的构型,注入层可以被布置在与在器件100中所示的那些位置不同的位置。在美国专利申请序列号09/931,948(Lu等人)中提供了注入层的更多实例,所述文献的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中。空穴注入层可以包括溶液沉积的材料,如旋涂的聚合物,例如PEDOT:PSS,或者它可以是蒸气沉积的小分子材料,例如CuPc或MTDATA。
空穴注入层(HIL)可以平面化或润湿阳极表面,以提供从阳极到空穴注射材料中的有效的空穴注入。空穴注入层还可以含有电荷携带组分,该电荷携带组分具有的HOMO(最高已占分子轨道)能级有利地与在HIL的一侧上的相邻阳极层和在HIL的相对侧上的空穴传输层相匹配,如由它们的在这里所述的相对电离电位(IP)能量所定义的。该“电荷携带组分”是提供实际上传输空穴的HOMO能级的材料。这一组分可以是HIL的基础材料,或者它可以是掺杂剂。使用掺杂的HIL允许因为掺杂剂的电性能而选择掺杂剂,并且允许因为形态特性如润湿性、柔性、韧性等而选择主体。HIL材料的优选性能使得空穴能够高效地从阳极注入到HIL材料中。特别地,HIL的电荷携带组分的IP优选不比阳极材料的IP大大约0.7eV以上。更优选地,所述电荷携带组分的IP不比阳极材料的IP大大约0.5eV以上。类似的考虑适用于空穴注入其中的任何层。HIL材料还不同于通常用于OLED的空穴传输层中的普通空穴传输材料,因为这样的HIL材料可以具有明显低于普通空穴传输材料的空穴传导率的空穴传导率。本发明的HIL的厚度可以足够厚,以帮助平面化或润湿阳极层的表面。例如,对于非常光滑的阳极表面来说,小至10nm的HIL厚度可以是可接受的。然而,因为阳极表面往往是非常粗糙的,在一些情况下高达50nm的HIL厚度可能是希望的。
保护层可以被用来在后续制造过程中保护底层。例如,用于制造金属或金属氧化物顶部电极的过程可能损伤有机层,而保护层可用于减少或消除此类损伤。在器件100中,保护层155可以在阴极160的制造过程中减少对底下的有机层的损伤。优选地,保护层对于它所传输的载流子类型(在器件100中为电子)来说具有高的载流子迁移率,使得它不显著地增加器件100的工作电压。CuPc、BCP和各种金属酞菁是可用于保护层中的材料的实例。可以使用其它材料或材料组合。保护层155的厚度优选是足够厚的,使得有很少或没有因在有机保护层160沉积之后进行的制造工艺所导致的对底下的层的损伤;然而保护层155的厚度不应该厚到显著增加器件100的工作电压的程度。保护层155可以被掺杂,以提高它的传导性。例如,CuPc或BCP保护层160可以掺杂Li。保护层的更详细的描述可以在Lu等人的美国专利申请序列号09/931,948中找到,它的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中。
图2显示了颠倒的OLED 200。该器件包括基材210,阴极215,发射层220,空穴传输层225,和阳极230。器件200可以通过按照顺序沉积所述层来制造。因为最常见的OLED构型具有布置在阳极上的阴极,并且器件200具有布置在阳极230下的阴极215,因此器件200可以被称为“颠倒的”OLED。与讨论器件100时所描述的那些材料类似的材料可用于器件200的相应层中。图2提供了如何从器件100的结构中省略掉一些层的一个实例。
在图1和2中示出的简单层状结构是作为非限制性实例提供的,并且可以理解,本发明的实施方案可以与各种其它结构相结合使用。所述的特定材料和结构是举例性质的,并且其它材料和结构可以被使用。功能化的OLED可以通过以不同的方式组合所述的各种层来实现,或者某些层可以被完全省略,基于设计、性能和成本因素。没有具体描述的其它层也可以被包括。可以使用除了具体描述的那些材料之外的材料。虽然在这里提供的许多实施例将各种层描述为包括单一一种材料,但是可以理解,可以使用材料的组合,如主体和掺杂剂的混合物,或更一般地混合物。同时,这些层可具有各种亚层。在这里给予各种层的名称并不是意图严格限制的。例如,在器件200中,空穴传输层225传输空穴并将空穴注入到发射层220中,因此可以被描述为空穴传输层或空穴注入层。在一个实施方案中,OLED可以被描述为具有设置在阴极和阳极之间的“有机层”。该有机层可以包括单个层,或者可以进一步包括例如讨论图1和2时所述的不同有机材料的多个层。
没有具体描述的结构和材料也可以使用,例如由聚合物材料组成的OLED(PLED),如公开在美国专利号5,247,190(Friend等人)中的PLED,该专利的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中。作为另一个例子,可以使用具有单个有机层的OLED。OLED可以堆叠,例如如在美国专利号5,707,745(Forrest等人)中所述,该专利的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中。OLED结构可以背离在图1和2中图示说明的简单层状结构。例如,基材可以包括有角度的反射面以改进外偶联,如在Forrest等人的美国专利号6,091,195中所述的台式结构,和/或在Bulovic等人的美国专利号5,834,893中描述的坑形结构,所述专利的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中。
除非另作说明,各种实施方案的这些层中的任何一层可以通过任何合适的方法沉积。对于有机层,优选的方法包括热蒸发,墨喷(如在美国专利号6,013,982和6,087,196中所述的,所述专利的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中),有机气相沉积(OVPD)(如在Forrest等人的美国专利号6,337,102中所述的,该专利的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中),和通过有机蒸气喷印(OVJP)的沉积(如在美国专利申请号10/233,470中所述的,该专利申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中)。其它合适的沉积方法包括旋涂和其它溶液型工艺。溶液型工艺优选在氮或惰性气氛中进行。对于其它层,优选的方法包括热蒸发。优选的图案化方法包括通过掩模的沉积,冷焊(如在美国专利号6,294,398和6,468,819中描述的方法,所述专利的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中),和与某些沉积方法如墨喷和OVJD联合的图案化。其它方法也可以使用。被沉积的材料可以被改性,以使得它们与具体的沉积方法相容。例如,取代基如支化或未支化的并优选含有至少3个碳的烷基和芳基可以用于小分子中,以提高它们经历溶液加工的能力。可以使用具有20个碳或更多个碳的取代基,而3-20个碳是优选的范围。具有不对称结构的材料可以比具有对称结构的那些材料有更好的溶液加工性,因为不对称材料可以有更低的重结晶倾向。树状分子取代基可用来提高小分子经历溶液加工的能力。
在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下,在这里公开的分子可以以许多不同的方式被取代。例如,取代基可以被加到具有三个二齿配位体的化合物上,使得在加上所述取代基之后,所述二齿配位体中的一个或多个被连在一起以形成例如四齿或六齿配位体。可以形成其它这样的连接。据信,相对于没有连接的类似化合物,这一类型的连接可以提高稳定性,这是由于在本领域中通常理解为“螯合效应”的作用。
根据本发明的实施方案制造的器件可以结合到各种各样的消费产品中,包括平板显示器,计算机显示器,电视,广告牌,内部或外部照明和/或发信号的光源,平视显示器(heads up display),全透明显示器,柔性显示器,激光打印机,电话,移动电话,个人数字助理(PDA),膝上型计算机,数字式摄象机,摄像放像机,取景器,微型显示器,车辆,大面积幕墙,戏院或露天运动场屏幕,或标牌。各种控制机构可用来控制根据本发明制造的器件,包括无源矩阵和有源矩阵。许多的器件预计在人感觉舒适的温度范围如18℃到30℃的范围中使用,更优选在室温(20-25℃)使用。
在这里描述的材料和结构可以应用在不同于OLED的器件中。例如,其它光电器件如有机太阳能电池和有机光检测器可以使用所述材料和结构。更一般地,有机器件如有机晶体管可以使用所述材料和结构。
术语“芳基”是指芳族碳环单价基团。除非另作说明,该芳族碳环单价基团可以是取代的或未取代的。所述取代基可以是F,烃基,杂原子取代的烃基,氰基等。
“烃基”基团是指仅含有碳和氢原子的一价或二价的线性、支化或环状的基团。一价烃基的例子包括下列:C1-C20烷基;被选自C1-C20烷基、C3-C8环烷基和芳基中的一个或多个基团取代的C1-C20烷基;C3-C8环烷基;被选自C1-C20烷基、C3-C8环烷基和芳基中的一个或多个基团取代的C3-C8环烷基;C6-C18芳基;和被选自C1-C20烷基、C3-C8环烷基和芳基中的一个或多个基团取代的C6-C18芳基。二价(桥连)烃基的例子包括:-CH2-;-CH2CH2-;-CH2CH2CH2-;和1,2-亚苯基。
“杂原子”是指除碳或氢之外的原子。杂原子的例子包括氧,氮,磷,硫,硒,砷,氯,溴,硅和氟。
“杂芳基”是指芳族的杂环单价基团。除非另作说明,芳族杂环单价基团可以是取代或未取代的。所述取代基可以是F,烃基,杂原子取代的烃基,氰基等。杂芳基的例子包括1-吡咯基,2-吡咯基,3-吡咯基,呋喃基,噻吩基,茚基,咪唑基,噁唑基,异噁唑基,咔唑基,噻唑基,嘧啶基,吡啶基,哒嗪基,吡嗪基,苯并噻吩基等,和它们的取代衍生物。
“邻位”是指在芳基或杂芳基上的、与第二环和第一环的连结点相邻的位置。在经由1-位连接的六员环芳基的情况下,例如在2,6-二甲基苯基的情况下,所述2-位和6-位是邻位。在经由1-位连接的5员环杂芳基的情况下,例如在2,5-二苯基吡咯-1-基的情况下,所述2-位和5-位是邻位。在本发明的上下文中,在与连结点相邻的碳上的环稠合,如在2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10-八氢蒽-1-基中的环稠合,被认为是邻位取代的类型。
因此,在第一方面,本发明涉及包含磷光性金属络合物的化合物,该磷光性金属络合物包含选自组1的单阴离子二齿配位体,其中所述金属选自原子序数大于40的非放射性金属,并且其中所述二齿配位体可以与其它配位体连接而构成三齿、四齿、五齿或六齿配位体;
组1;
其中:
E1a-q选自C和N并且一起包含18π电子体系;前提是E1a和E1p是不同的;和
R1a-i各自独立地是H、烃基、杂原子取代的烃基、氰基、氟、OR2a、SR2a、NR2aR2b、BR2aR2b或SiR2aR2bR2c,其中R2a-c各自独立地是烃基或杂原子取代的烃基,和其中R1a-i和R2a-c中的任意两个可以被连接以形成饱和或不饱和的、芳族或非芳族的环;前提是R1a-i当与N连接时不是H。
在该第一方面的第一个优选的实施方案中,所述金属选自Re、Ru、Os、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu和Au,所述二齿配位体选自组2;甚至更优选地,所述二齿配位体是组2中式gs1-1的二齿配位体;
组2;
其中:
R1a-i各自独立地是H、烃基、杂原子取代的烃基、氰基、氟、OR2a、SR2a、NR2aR2b、BR2aR2b或SiR2aR2bR2c,其中R2a-c各自独立地是烃基或杂原子取代的烃基,和其中R1a-i和R2a-c中的任意两个可以被连接以形成饱和或不饱和的、芳族或非芳族的环。
在第二个优选的实施方案中,所述金属是Ir或Pt,并且所述二齿配位体选自组2。在第三个优选的实施方案中,所述金属络合物是选自组2的配位体的均(homoleptic)Ir络合物。在第四个优选的实施方案中,所述金属络合物是非均(heteroleptic)Ir络合物,其包含两个选自组2的二齿配位体和第三单阴离子二齿配位体,优选乙酰丙酮根或取代的乙酰丙酮根。在第五个优选的实施方案中,所述金属选自Re、Ru、Os、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu和Au,并且R1a-i中的至少一个是2,6-二取代的芳基。在第六个优选的实施方案中,所述金属选自Ir和Pt,所述配位体是式gs1-1的配位体,并且R1b是2,6-二取代的芳基,优选选自2,6-二甲基苯基;2,4,6-三甲基苯基;2,6-二异丙基苯基;2,4,6-三异丙基苯基;2,6-二异丙基-4-苯基苯基;2,6-二甲基-4-苯基苯基;2,6-二甲基-4-(2,6-二甲基吡啶-4-基)苯基;2,6-二苯基苯基;2,6-二苯基-4-异丙基苯基;2,4,6-三苯基苯基;2,6-二异丙基-4-(4-异丙基苯基);2,6-二异丙基-4-(3,5-二甲基苯基)苯基;2,6-二甲基-4-(2,6-二甲基吡啶-4-基)苯基;2,6-二异丙基-4-(吡啶-4-基)苯基和2,6-二(3,5-二甲基苯基)苯基。
在第二方面,本发明涉及选自组3的化合物,其中acac是乙酰丙酮根;
组3;
在第三方面,本发明涉及包含第一或第二方面的任何化合物的OLED器件。
在第四方面,本发明涉及包含磷光性金属络合物的化合物,该磷光性金属络合物包含选自组4的单阴离子的二齿配位体,其中所述金属选自原子序数大于40的非放射性金属,并且其中所述二齿配位体可以与其它配位体连接而构成三齿、四齿、五齿或六齿配位体;
组4;
其中:
E1a-q各自独立地选自C和N并且一起包含18π电子体系;前提是E1a和E1p是不同的;和
R1a-i各自独立地是H、烃基、杂原子取代的烃基、氰基、氟、OR2a、SR2a、NR2aR2b、BR2aR2b或SiR2aR2bR2c,其中R2a-c各自独立地是烃基或杂原子取代的烃基,和其中R1a-i和R2a-c中的任意两个可以被连接以形成饱和或不饱和的、芳族或非芳族的环;前提是R1a-i当与N连接时不是H。
在该第四方面的第一优选的实施方案中,所述二齿配位体选自组5;
组5;
其中:
R1a-i各自独立地是H、烃基、杂原子取代的烃基、氰基、氟、OR2a、SR2a、NR2aR2b、BR2aR2b或SiR2aR2bR2c,其中R2a-c各自独立地是烃基或杂原子取代的烃基,和其中R1a-i和R2a-c中的任意两个可以被连接以形成环。
在该第四方面的第二个优选的实施方案中,所述二齿配位体选自组6;
组6;
其中:
R1a-i各自独立地是H、烃基、杂原子取代的烃基、氰基、氟、OR2a、SR2a、NR2aR2b、BR2aR2b或SiR2aR2bR2c,其中R2a-c各自独立地是烃基或杂原子取代的烃基,和其中R1a-i和R2a-c中的任意两个可以被连接以形成环。
在该第四方面的第三个优选的实施方案中,所述二齿配位体被一个或多个2,6-二取代的芳基或杂芳基取代,所述2,6-二取代的芳基或杂芳基优选选自2,6-二甲基苯基;2,4,6-三甲基苯基;2,6-二异丙基苯基;2,4,6-三异丙基苯基;2,6-二异丙基-4-苯基苯基;2,6-二甲基-4-苯基苯基;2,6-二甲基-4-(2,6-二甲基吡啶-4-基)苯基;2,6-二苯基苯基;2,6-二苯基-4-异丙基苯基;2,4,6-三苯基苯基;2,6-二异丙基-4-(4-异丙基苯基);2,6-二异丙基-4-(3,5-二甲基苯基)苯基;2,6-二甲基-4-(2,6-二甲基吡啶-4-基)苯基;2,6-二异丙基-4-(吡啶-4-基)苯基和2,6-二(3,5-二甲基苯基)苯基。
在第四方面的第四个优选的实施方案中,所述金属选自Re、Ru、Os、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu和Au,更优选选自Os、Ir和Pt,最优选是Ir。
在第五方面,本发明涉及包含该第四方面的化合物的OLED器件。
在第六方面,本发明涉及对应于第四方面的配位体的化合物,其中所述金属已经被H替代。
在第七方面,本发明涉及包含磷光性金属络合物的化合物,该磷光性金属络合物包含选自组7的单阴离子的二齿配位体,其中所述金属选自原子序数大于40的非放射性金属,并且其中所述二齿配位体包含卡宾(carbene)供体并且可以与其它配位体连接而构成三齿、四齿、五齿或六齿的配位体;
组7;
其中:
E1a-q选自C和N并且一起包含18π电子体系;前提是E1a和E1p都是碳;和
R1a-i各自独立地是H、烃基、杂原子取代的烃基、氰基、氟、OR2a、SR2a、NR2aR2b、BR2aR2b或SiR2aR2bR2c,其中R2a-c各自独立地是烃基或杂原子取代的烃基,和其中R1a-i和R2a-c中的任意两个可以被连接以形成饱和或不饱和的、芳族或非芳族的环;前提是R1a-i当与N连接时不是H。
在该第七方面的第一个优选的实施方案中,所述化合物选自组8;
组8;
其中:
R1a-i各自独立地是H、烃基、杂原子取代的烃基、氰基、氟、OR2a、SR2a、NR2aR2b、BR2aR2b或SiR2aR2bR2c,其中R2a-c各自独立地是烃基或杂原子取代的烃基,和其中R1a-i和R2a-c中的任意两个可以被连接以形成饱和或不饱和的、芳族或非芳族的环;前提是R1a-i当与N连接时不是H。
在第八方面,本发明涉及包含第七方面的化合物的OLED器件。
在第九方面,本发明涉及包含磷光性金属络合物的化合物,该磷光性金属络合物包含选自组9的单阴离子的二齿配位体,其中所述金属选自原子序数大于40的非放射性金属,并且其中所述二齿配位体包含卡宾供体并且可以与其它配位体连接而构成三齿、四齿、五齿或六齿的配位体;
组9
其中:
E1a-q选自C和N并且一起包含18π电子体系;前提是E1a和E1p都是碳;和
R1a-i各自独立地是H、烃基、杂原子取代的烃基、氰基、氟、OR2a、SR2a、NR2aR2b、BR2aR2b或SiR2aR2bR2c,其中R2a-c各自独立地是烃基或杂原子取代的烃基,和其中R1a-i和R2a-c中的任意两个可以被连接以形成饱和或不饱和的、芳族或非芳族的环;前提是R1a-i当与N连接时不是H。
在该第九方面的第一个优选的实施方案中,所述化合物选自组10;
组10;
其中:
R1a-i各自独立地是H、烃基、杂原子取代的烃基、氰基、氟、OR2a、SR2a、NR2aR2b、BR2aR2b或SiR2aR2bR2c,其中R2a-c各自独立地是烃基或杂原子取代的烃基,和其中R1a-i和R2a-c中的任意两个可以被连接以形成饱和或不饱和的、芳族或非芳族的环;前提是R1a-i当与N连接时不是H。
在第十方面,本发明涉及包含第九方面的化合物的OLED器件。
在第十一方面,本发明涉及包含磷光性金属络合物的化合物,该磷光性金属络合物包含选自组11的单阴离子二齿配位体,其中所述金属选自原子序数大于40的非放射性金属,并且其中所述二齿配位体可以与其它配位体连接而构成三齿、四齿、五齿或六齿的配位体;
组11;
其中:
R1a-i各自独立地是H、烃基、杂原子取代的烃基、氰基、氟、OR2a、SR2a、NR2aR2b、BR2aR2b或SiR2aR2bR2c,其中R2a-c各自独立地是烃基或杂原子取代的烃基,和其中R1a-i和R2a-c中的任意两个可以被连接以形成饱和或不饱和的、芳族或非芳族的环;前提是R1a-i当与N连接时不是H。
在第十二方面,本发明涉及包含第十一方面的化合物的OLED器件。
在第十三方面,本发明涉及对应于第十一方面的配位体的化合物,其中所述金属已经被H替代。
在第十四方面,本发明涉及包含选自表1的金属络合物的化合物。
在第十五方面,本发明涉及包含第十四方面的化合物的OLED器件。
下表1提供了使用G98/B31yp/cep-31g基集的密度函数理论(DFT)计算值,以获得本发明各种化合物的HOMO、LUMO、能隙、偶极、S1和T1的估算值。
表1
实施例
除非另外指明,本文中描述的磷光性金属络合物的制备和纯化在暗室光(dim room light)中或采用对光的黄色滤光片或使用铝箔包裹的玻璃器具进行,使得金属络合物的光致氧化最小化。所述络合物在它们的敏感性方面显著不同。例如,一些络合物如es20仅要求适度的小心,而一些络合物如es1在空气中和在某些卤代溶剂中非常容易发生光诱导的分解。除非另外指明,将面-异构体离析。
实施例1 es1的制备
步骤1
将菲啶酮(5.0克,0.027摩尔)添加到含有五氯化磷(6.1克,0.29摩尔)和50mL磷酰氯的反应烧瓶中。将该反应混合物回流1小时,冷却到室温并用甲苯稀释。在旋转蒸发器上除去过量的磷酰氯和甲苯。将残余物溶解在乙酸乙酯中,并用蒸馏水洗涤,接着用盐水洗涤。将溶剂层在硫酸镁上干燥、过滤并浓缩,以给出呈灰白色固体的p12-i1(5.5克,96%)。产物通过质谱和1H NMR确认并直接用于下一步。
步骤2
将得自步骤1的化合物p12-i1(5.5克,0.026摩尔)添加到含有溶解在200mL二甘醇二甲醚中的甲醇缩氨基乙醛(6.8克,0.0646摩尔)的反应烧瓶中,加热到回流并在氮气气氛下搅拌。在72小时之后,通过TLC确定反应完成。将反应混合物冷却到室温并通过蒸馏除去过量的溶剂。将残余物吸收在二氯甲烷中并通过真空过滤除去不溶物。溶剂在硫酸镁上干燥、过滤并浓缩。通过硅胶层析纯化粗产物,使用80%乙酸乙酯和20%二氯甲烷作为洗脱剂。收集纯化的产物,用己烷洗涤并干燥,给出为灰白色固体的p12-H(2.6克,46%产率)。
步骤3
在氮气气氛下将得自上面步骤2的化合物p12-H(0.67g,3.1mmol)和乙酰丙酮根合铱(III)(0.38克,0.77mmol)在250℃加热过夜。在将反应冷却之后,将残余物吸收在乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷的1:1混合物中,过滤,并通过使用1:1乙酸乙酯:己烷的第一硅胶层析和接着的使用1:1氯仿:己烷的第二硅胶柱纯化,获得为米色固体的es1(0.15克,23%产率)。在二氯甲烷溶液中磷光的高能量峰中心在458nm处,CIE座标为0.18,0.27。
实施例2 咪唑并菲啶配位体合成的通用程序A
向1L圆底烧瓶中添加2-碘-4,5-二甲基苯胺(24.7g,100mmol)、2-氰基苯基硼酸频哪醇酯(27.5g,120mmol)、二氯双(三苯基膦)合钯(II)(3.51g,5mmol)、磷酸三钾一水合物(46.0g,200mmol)和400mL甲苯。将反应在氮气气氛下加热回流并搅拌4小时。在冷却后,将形成的沉淀过滤并用甲苯、己烷和水洗涤。产量是14g。
向1L圆底烧瓶中添加上述中间体、氯乙醛(50%wt.,在水中,15.7g,100mmol)、碳酸钠(15.9g,150mmol)和300mL2-丙醇。将混合物加热回流2小时。除去溶剂,残余物用CH2Cl2萃取并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化。产量是13g。
实施例3 三(二齿配位体)铱络合物合成的通用程序
以下方法在暗室光中或使用对光源的黄色滤光片或使用铝箔包裹的玻璃器具进行,以使金属络合物的光致氧化最小化。向50mLSchlenk管式烧瓶中加入6,7-二甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(1.68g,6.8mmol)和三(乙酰丙酮根)合铱(III)(0.59g,1.4mmol)。在氮气气氛下搅拌该反应混合物并在240℃的砂浴中加热48小时。在冷却后,将固化的混合物溶于CH2Cl2并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化,获得es12(0.30g)。通过1H NMR分析确认结构和纯度。发射光的λ最大=456,486nm(在CH2Cl2溶液中,在室温下);CIE=(0.18,0.23)。
实施例4 es3的制备
向50mL Schlenk管式烧瓶中加入8b,13-二氮杂茚并[1,2-f]菲(3.49g,13mmol)和三(乙酰丙酮根)合铱(III)(1.27g,2.6mmol)。在氮气气氛下搅拌该反应混合物并在240℃的砂浴中加热48小时。在冷却后,将固化的混合物溶于CH2Cl2并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化,获得es3(1.4g)。1H NMR结果证实是所需化合物。发射光的λ最大=492,524nm(在CH2Cl2溶液中,在室温下);CIE=(0.23,0.51)。
实施例5 es4的制备
向50mL Schlenk管式烧瓶中10-异丙基-8b,13-二氮杂茚并[1,2-f]菲(6.07g,19.6mmol)和三(乙酰丙酮根)合铱(III)(1.91g,3.92mmol)。在氮气气氛下搅拌该反应混合物并在240℃的砂浴中加热48小时。在冷却后,将固化的混合物溶于CH2Cl2并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化,获得es4(0.7g)。1H NMR结果证实是所需化合物。发射光的λ最大=496nm(在CH2Cl2溶液中,在室温下);CIE=(0.26,0.57)。
实施例6 es7的制备
步骤1:4-溴-6-氨基菲啶的合成
向三颈1L圆底烧瓶中加入2,6-二溴苯胺(143.51g,0.57摩尔)、2-氰基苯基硼酸1,3-丙二醇酯(34.35g,0.19摩尔)、K3PO4.H2O(43.89g,0.1906摩尔)、PdCl2(PPh3)2(6.67g,9.5毫摩尔)和无水甲苯(700ml)。在氮气氛下将反应混合物加热到100℃保持6小时。然后将反应混合物浓缩至干,并进行柱层析处理,获得标题化合物(19.11g,36.7%)。
步骤2:5-溴-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶的合成
向4-溴-6-氨基菲啶(19.11g,69.91毫摩尔)、碳酸氢钠(12.3g,146毫摩尔)在2-丙醇(200ml)中的混合物中添加氯乙醛(50%水溶液,17.35g)。在75℃加热该反应混合物5小时之后,除去溶剂。将残余物再溶解在二氯甲烷中并用水洗涤。将有机部分合并,在硫酸钠上干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。通过使用己烷/乙酸乙酯(80/20)的在硅胶上的层析纯化粗混合物,获得标题化合物(13g,62%)。
步骤3:5-(4-异丙基苯基)咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶的合成
向三颈1L圆底烧瓶中加入5-溴-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(4.55g,15.31毫摩尔)、4-异丙基苯基硼酸(3.59g,21.89毫摩尔)、碳酸钾(2N水溶液,27ml)、Pd(OAc)2(223mg,0.99毫摩尔)、三苯基膦(1.044g,3.98毫摩尔)和100ml1,2-二甲氧基乙烷。在氮气氛下将反应混合物加热到80℃并保持17小时。反应混合物用二氯甲烷稀释并用盐水洗涤。将有机部分合并,在硫酸钠上干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。通过使用己烷/乙酸乙酯(80/20)的在硅胶上的层析纯化粗混合物,获得纯的5-(4-异丙基苯基)-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(4g,77%)。
步骤4:络合
向50mL Schlenk管式烧瓶中加入5-(4-异丙基苯基)咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(2.94g,8.74mmol)和三(乙酰丙酮根)合铱(III)(0.86g,1.75mmol)。在氮气气氛下搅拌该反应混合物并在240℃的砂浴中加热48小时。在冷却后,将固化的混合物溶于CH2Cl2并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化,获得es7(0.7g)。1H NMR结果证实是所需化合物。发射光的λ最大=496nm(在CH2Cl2溶液中,在室温下);CIE=(0.26,0.57)。
实施例7 es10的制备
步骤1:配位体合成
向500mL圆底烧瓶中添加7-氯咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(3.8g,15mmol,由通用程序A制备)、4-异丙基苯基硼酸(3.7g,23mmol)、乙酸钯(II)(0.084g,0.38mmol)、2-二环己基膦基-2′,6′-二甲氧基联苯(S-Phos,0.31g,0.75mmol)、磷酸三钾一水合物(6.9g,30mmol)和200mL甲苯。将反应在氮气气氛下加热回流并搅拌12小时。在冷却后,通过硅胶柱纯化该混合物。产量是3.8g。
步骤2:络合
向50mL Schlenk管式烧瓶中加入7-(4-异丙基苯基)咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(3.8g,11.3mmol)和三(乙酰丙酮根)合铱(III)(1.11g,2.26mmol)。在氮气气氛下搅拌该反应混合物并在240℃的砂浴中加热48小时。在冷却后,将固化的混合物溶于CH2Cl2并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化,获得es10(1.2g)。1H NMR结果证实是所需化合物。发射光的λ最大=464,492nm(在CH2Cl2溶液中,在室温下);CIE=(0.20,0.32)。
实施例8 es16的制备
步骤1:配位体合成
向500mL圆底烧瓶中添加7-氯咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(5.2g,20.6mmol,由通用程序A制备)、三(乙酰丙酮根)合铁(III)(0.35g,1.0mmol)、30mL NMP和300mL干燥THF。在搅拌下,在室温下,向该混合物中滴加15mL氯化环己基镁溶液(2M,在乙醚中)。在所述加料之后,反应完成。用1N HCl溶液猝灭该混合物。在通用的后处理和通过硅胶柱的纯化之后,产量是3.4g。
步骤2:络合
向50mL Schlenk管式烧瓶中加入7-环己基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(3.4g,11.2mmol)和三(乙酰丙酮根)合铱(III)(1.1g,2.25mmol)。在氮气气氛下搅拌该反应混合物并在240℃的砂浴中加热48小时。在冷却后,将固化的混合物溶于CH2Cl2并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化,获得es8(1.5g)。1H NMR结果证实是所需化合物。发射光的λ最大=462,486nm(在CH2Cl2溶液中,在室温下),CIE=(0.17,0.27)。
实施例9 es18的制备
步骤1:配位体合成
向500mL圆底烧瓶中添加7-氯咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(5.1g,20mmol,由通用程序A制备)、2,4,6-三异丙基苯基硼酸(9.9g,40mmol)、Pd2(dba)3(0.92g,1.0mmol)、2-二环己基膦基-2′,6′-二甲氧基联苯(S-Phos,1.64g,4.0mmol)、磷酸三钾(12.7g,60mmol)和200mL甲苯。将反应在氮气气氛下加热回流并搅拌72小时。在冷却后,通过硅胶柱纯化该混合物。产量是2.6g。
步骤2:络合
向50mL Schlenk管式烧瓶中加入7-(2,4,6-三异丙基苯基)咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(2.6g,6.2mmol)和三(乙酰丙酮根)合铱(III)(0.61g,1.2mmol)。在氮气气氛下搅拌该反应混合物并在240℃的砂浴中加热48小时。在冷却后,将固化的混合物溶于CH2Cl2并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化,获得es18(0.3g)。1H NMR结果证实是所需化合物。发射光的λ最大=464,488nm(在CH2Cl2溶液中,在室温下);CIE=(0.17,0.29)。
实施例10 es20的制备
步骤1
向1L圆底烧瓶中添加7-甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(5.7g,24.5mmol,由通用程序A制备)和200mL干燥的DMF。在搅拌下,在室温下,在黑暗中向该混合物中滴加100mL N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺DMF溶液(4.6g,25.7mmol)。反应混合物继续搅拌过夜。然后在搅拌下将该混合物倒入1L水中。沉淀物通过过滤收集,并进一步用大量水洗涤,最后用MeOH(50mL×2)洗涤,然后干燥。3-溴-7-甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶的产量是6.5g。
步骤2
向500mL圆底烧瓶中添加3-溴-7-甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(6.2g,20mmol)、2,6-二甲基苯基硼酸(9.0g,60mmol)、Pd2(dba)3(4.58g,5.0mmol)、2-二环己基膦基-2′,6′-二甲氧基联苯(S-Phos,8.2g,20mmol)、磷酸三钾(17.0g,80mmol)和200mL甲苯。将反应在氮气气氛下加热回流并搅拌84小时。在冷却后,通过硅胶柱纯化该混合物。产量是4.0g。
步骤3
向50mL Schlenk管式烧瓶中加入3-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-7-甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(3.3g,10mmol)和三(乙酰丙酮根)合铱(III)(0.98g,2.0mmol)。在氮气气氛下搅拌该反应混合物并在240℃的砂浴中加热48小时。在冷却后,将固化的混合物溶于CH2Cl2并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化,获得es20(0.8g)。1H NMR结果证实是所需化合物。发射光的λ最大=466,492nm(在CH2Cl2溶液中,在室温下);CIE=(0.17,0.30)。
实施例11 es21的制备
步骤1
向1L圆底烧瓶中添加6,7-二甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(13.0g,52.8mmol,由通用程序A制备)和400mL干燥的DMF。在搅拌下,在室温下,在黑暗中向该混合物中滴加150mLN-溴代琥珀酰亚胺DMF溶液(10.3g,58mmol)。反应混合物继续搅拌过夜。然后在搅拌下将该混合物倒入1L水中。沉淀物通过过滤收集,并进一步用大量水洗涤,最后用MeOH(50mL×2)洗涤,并干燥。3-溴-6,7-二甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶的产量是14.7g。
步骤2
向500mL圆底烧瓶中添加3-溴-6,7-二甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(6.5g,20mmol)、2,6-二甲基苯基硼酸(9.0g,60mmol)、Pd2(dba)3(4.58g,5.0mmol)、2-二环己基膦基-2′,6′-二甲氧基联苯(S-Phos,8.2g,20mmol)、磷酸三钾(17.0g,80mmol)和200mL甲苯。将反应在氮气气氛下加热回流并搅拌84小时。在冷却后,通过硅胶柱纯化该混合物。产量是2.6g。
步骤3
向50mL Schlenk管式烧瓶中加入3-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-6,7-二甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(2.6g,7.4mmol)和三(乙酰丙酮根)合铱(III)(0.73g,1.5mmol)。在氮气气氛下搅拌该反应混合物并在240℃的砂浴中加热48小时。在冷却后,将固化的混合物溶于CH2Cl2并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化,获得es21(0.35g)。1H NMR结果证实是所需化合物。发射光的λ最大=460,490nm(在CH2Cl2溶液中,在室温下),CIE=(0.16,0.27)。
实施例12 es26的制备
步骤1
向500mL圆底烧瓶中添加5-溴-7-叔丁基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(3.9g,11mmol,由通用程序A制备)、2,6-二甲基苯基硼酸(3.5g,23mmol)、Pd2(dba)3(0.51g,0.56mmol)、2-二环己基膦基-2′,6′-二甲氧基联苯(S-Phos,0.91g,2.2mmol)、磷酸三钾(7.2g,34mmol)和60mL甲苯。将反应在氮气气氛下加热回流并搅拌48小时。在冷却后,通过硅胶柱纯化该混合物。产量是1.2g。
步骤2
向50mL Schlenk管式烧瓶中加入5-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-7-叔丁基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(0.40g,1.1mmol)和三(乙酰丙酮根)合铱(III)(0.10g,0.2mmol)。在氮气气氛下搅拌该反应混合物并在240℃的砂浴中加热24小时。在冷却后,将固化的混合物溶于CH2Cl2并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化,获得面-三铱(III)(0.01g)。1H NMR结果证实是所需化合物。发射光的λ最大=462,488nm(CH2Cl2溶液,在室温下)。
实施例13 es22的制备
步骤1
向500mL圆底烧瓶中添加3-溴-6,7-二甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(8.2g,25.2mmol)、2,6-二氯苯基硼酸(19.2g,100.9mmol)、Pd2(dba)3(2.29g,2.5mmol)、2-二环己基膦基-2′,6′-二甲氧基联苯(S-Phos,4.11g,10.0mmol)、磷酸三钾(26.7g,126mmol)和250mL甲苯。将反应在氮气气氛下加热回流并搅拌48小时。在冷却后,通过硅胶柱纯化该混合物。3-(2,6-二氯苯基)-6,7-二甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶的产量是2.4g。
步骤2
向500mL圆底烧瓶中添加3-(2,6-二氯苯基)-6,7-二甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(2.4g,6.1mmol)、苯基硼酸(3.74g,30mmol)、Pd2(dba)3(1.1g,1.2mmol)、2-二环己基膦基-2′,6′-二甲氧基联苯(S-Phos,1.97g,4.8mmol)、磷酸三钾(7.64g,36mmol)和100mL甲苯。将反应在氮气气氛下加热回流并搅拌12小时。在冷却后,通过硅胶柱纯化该混合物。3-(2,6-二苯基苯基)-6,7-二甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶的产量是0.9g。
步骤3
向25mL Schlenk管式烧瓶中加入3-(2,6-二苯基苯基)-6,7-二甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(0.095g,0.2mmol)和三(乙酰丙酮根)合铱(III)(0.025g,0.05mmol)。在氮气气氛下搅拌该反应混合物并在240℃的砂浴中加热24小时。在冷却后,将固化的混合物溶于CH2Cl2并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化,获得es22(0.01g)。1H NMR结果证实是所需化合物。发射光的λ最大=468,496nm(在CH2Cl2溶液中,在室温下),CIE=(0.19,0.35)。
实施例14 es25的制备
向50mL Schlenk管式烧瓶中加入7-正十二烷基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(3.66g,9.34mmol,经由通用程序A制备)和三(乙酰丙酮根)合铱(III)(0.92g,1.87mmol)。在氮气气氛下搅拌该反应混合物并在240℃的砂浴中加热48小时。在冷却后,将固化的混合物溶于CH2Cl2并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化,获得es25(1.5g)。1H NMR结果证实是所需化合物。
实施例15 es9的制备
步骤1:2-(1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂戊烷-2-基)苄腈的合成
通过在2L圆底烧瓶中搅拌20h,将49.0g(334mmol)2-氰基苯硼酸和25.9g(340mmol)1,3-丙二醇溶于1L CH2Cl2中。然后将该溶液倒在抽吸过滤器上,以除去粘性的固体。然后用无水MgSO4干燥滤液以除去残留水,过滤并蒸发掉溶剂,获得浅色油状物。然后将该油状物溶于CH2Cl2并在硅胶柱上纯化,使用CH2Cl2作为洗脱剂。将产物级分蒸发,获得为透明油状物的产物(35.7g,57.2%产率)。
步骤2:2-(叔丁基)-6-氨基菲啶的合成
在含有400ml甲苯和300mL乙醇的2L烧瓶中,将35.7g(190mmol)2-(1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂戊烷-2-基)苄腈、31.9g(158mmol)2-溴-4-(叔丁基)苯胺、3.6g(3.16mmol)四(三苯基膦)合钯(0)和59.0g(427mmol)K2CO3加热到回流。在恒定N2吹扫下加热该反应混合物19小时。反应混合物的HPLC指示了起始苯胺的消耗。冷却该混合物,然后过滤以除去碱。用EtOAc洗涤该碱以除去痕量有机物。蒸发合并的滤液,获得非纯的油状物。使用95/5/0.05CH2Cl2/MeOH/NH4OH作为洗脱剂在硅胶柱上纯化该油状物以实现分离。蒸发掉产物级分的溶剂,并将所得残余物从CH2Cl2/己烷中重结晶,产生14.0g为白色固体的目标化合物(35.5%产率,由GC-MS确认)。
步骤3:es9配位体的合成
将13.0g(52mmol)2-(叔丁基)-6-氨基菲啶、12.3g(78mmol,50%v/v的水溶液)氯乙醛和8.74g(104mmol)碳酸氢钠添加到500mL烧瓶中并在N2气氛下在200mL2-丙醇中回流35小时。在完成后,冷却混合物,于是TLC和HPLC指示了起始菲啶的完全消耗。将该混合物吸收在乙酸乙酯中并过滤以除去碱。然后蒸发滤液而产生淡黄色油。使用95/5/0.05CH2Cl2/MeOH/NH4OH作为洗脱剂在硅胶柱上纯化该油。或者,可以使用自动层析法采用Al2O3柱和2%EtOAc/己烷-20%EtOAc/己烷的梯度混合物作为洗脱剂纯化该配位体。将从这些纯化操作得到的产物级分中的溶剂蒸发掉,并从二氯甲烷/己烷重结晶,产生总共10.8g为白色固体的es9配位体(76.1%产率,NMR确认)。
步骤4
将10.6g(38.7mmol)es9配位体和4.76g(9.7mmol)Ir(acac)3添加到配备有搅拌棒的50mL Schlenk管中。添加20滴十三烷,用隔膜密封该管并用N2彻底地真空脱气。将该管浸入砂浴中并在N2气氛下在245℃加热72小时。然后将冷却的混合物在超声震荡下吸收在CH2Cl2中,以溶解杂质。将混合物真空过滤并用CH2Cl2和己烷漂洗固体,获得8.5g暗黄色固体。然后将该固体溶于1L沸腾的氯苯中并倒在硅藻土垫(热的)上以除去杂质。蒸发所得滤液到500mL,从而允许该掺杂剂作为亮黄色固体重结晶(6.5g,66.4%产率,NMR确认,99.3%HPLC分析)。作为进一步的纯化方法,在三区升华器中在370℃和1.0×10-5托真空下将3.5g所述掺杂剂升华,获得400mg为亮黄色固体的es9(100%HPLC分析)。
实施例16 es8的制备
步骤1:2-(正己基)-6-氨基菲啶的合成
将13.1g(69.8mmol)2-(1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂戊烷-2-基)苄腈、16.3g(63.4mmol)2-溴-4-己基苯胺、1.62g(1.40mmol)四(三苯基膦)合钯(0)和23.6g(171mmol)碳酸钾在250ml甲苯和100mlEtOH中在N2气氛下回流20小时。HPLC和TLC揭示苯胺几乎完全消耗。将反应混合物冷却并使之通过过滤器。用乙酸乙酯洗涤固体物以从收集的碱中除去有机物。然后蒸发滤液并干燥在二氧化硅上。使用硅胶层析以100%乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂纯化该样品。然后蒸发产物级分至最小量并添加己烷,以使产物结晶为灰白色固体(7.05g,39.8%产率,GC-MS确认)。
步骤2:es8配位体的合成
将7.02g(25.2mmol)2-(正己基)-6-氨基菲啶、2.99g(37.8mmol,50%v/v的水溶液)氯乙醛和4.24g(50.4mmol)碳酸氢钠添加到500mL烧瓶中并在N2气氛下在150mL 2-丙醇中回流20小时。在完成后,冷却混合物,于是TLC和HPLC指示起始菲啶的完全消耗。将该混合物吸收在EtOAc中并过滤以除去碱。然后蒸发滤液,产生淡黄色油。然后将该油干燥在二氧化硅上,并使用70%乙酸乙酯/己烷→100%乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂在硅胶柱上进行纯化。将由该纯化操作得到的产物级分中的溶剂蒸发掉,并从乙酸乙酯/己烷重结晶,产生4.9g为白色固体的es8配位体(55.1%产率,GC-MS确认)。
步骤3
向50ml schlenk管中加入2.9克(9.6mmol)es8配位体、0.94g(1.9mmol)乙酰丙酮根合铱和20滴十三烷。抽空反应器并用氮气回充三次。将反应加热到240℃保持70小时。冷却反应并添加二氯甲烷。通过柱层析采用二氯甲烷作为洗脱剂纯化该产物。将含有所需产物的级分合并并通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。从甲苯中结晶产物,产生300mges8,通过升华将它进一步纯化。
实施例17 es13的制备
步骤1:2-溴代菲啶酮的合成
将99.8g(511mmol)菲啶酮添加到配备有搅拌臂和冷凝器的3L多颈烧瓶中。添加1.2L冰乙酸,并将该混合物在150rpm下搅拌和加热回流。用3小时时间滴加悬浮在100ml乙酸中的90g(562mmol)Br2到该回流溶液中。在添加之后,分析该混合物并发现~80%完成。基于这一分析,在回流下滴加另外的20g Br2(在30mL乙酸中)到该混合物中。在这一添加之后,分析显示>90%完成。滴加最后的20g Br2(在30mL乙酸中),并在添加之后搅拌该混合物1小时。最终分析是>97%。冷却该混合物并添加1L水并过滤该混合物。然后在硫代硫酸钠水溶液中搅拌该湿的固体物,以破坏残留溴并再过滤。用H2O漂洗这些固体物并允许其在真空中干燥以除去残留水。然后将固体物在硝基苯(>2升)中重结晶,并在漏斗上收集,获得128g2-溴代菲啶酮(90.8%产率)。
步骤2:2-溴-6-氯菲啶的合成
将36.7g(139mmol)2-溴代菲啶酮和30.7g(147mmol)PCl5与350mL POCl3一起添加到1L多颈颈烧瓶(配备有搅拌臂、冷凝器和碱捕集器),并在93℃下加热16小时(注:HCl气体的释放是突出的-被碱捕集器破坏)。然后,分析该混合物以确定2-溴代菲啶酮的完全消耗。将迪安-斯达克榻分水器(dean stark trap)与该烧瓶连接,以除去1/2体积的溶剂。接着,添加等体积的甲苯并蒸馏掉,以除去大部分POCl3。在第三次添加甲苯之后,将体积减小到300mL并经由旋转蒸发除去其余溶剂。然后将固体物在甲苯中重结晶并干燥,获得30.8g(78.6%产率,98%分析)为灰白色固体的2-溴-6-氯菲啶(GC-MS确认)。
步骤3:es13-i1的合成
将20g 4A干燥分子筛添加到配备有搅拌臂和冷凝器的2L多颈烧瓶中。将73.8g(252mmol)2-溴-6-氯菲啶和79.4g(756mmol)甲醇缩氨基乙醛与750mL无水二甘醇二甲醚一起添加到该烧瓶中。在N2气氛下,使用机械搅拌,在135℃下加热该混合物18小时。混合物的HPLC揭示起始材料的完全消耗。然后将反应冷却并用乙酸乙酯富集。采用刮擦从烧瓶侧壁除去块状固体。然后真空过滤该混合物并搁置滤液。然后将得自漏斗的固体用研钵和研杵压碎(当干燥时)并添加到1L烧瓶中,并在600mL氯苯中回流。过滤氯苯混合物并将滤液合并。然后经由旋转蒸发除去溶剂,获得暗色固体。然后在大的硅胶柱上使用CH2Cl2和CH2Cl2/MeOH作为洗脱剂纯化该固体(注:当将产物的CH2Cl2溶液放在该柱顶部时,不是所有固体都溶解。通过添加额外的洗脱剂,固体最终溶解)。在漫长的层析之后,蒸发掉产物级分的溶剂并用CH2Cl2/己烷清洗固体。固体的过滤给出62.0克(当干燥时)标题化合物(83.1%产率,NMR确认)。
步骤4:es13配位体的合成
将3.12g(10.5mmol)7[溴]-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶、3.93g(26.2mmol)2,6-二甲基苯基硼酸、0.18g(0.53mmol)2-(二环己基膦基)联苯、0.13g(0.14mmol)Pd2(dba)3和6.68g(31.5mmol)磷酸钾添加到配备有搅拌棒的50mL无空气烧瓶中,并用N2真空脱气。添加20mL无水间二甲苯并在N2气氛下将该混合物加热到130℃。在16小时之后,混合物的HPLC揭示起始菲啶的完全消耗。将该混合物用乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷富集并过滤以除去碱。然后将滤液在854-8741-076(1g尺度rxn)上形成小池并蒸发,给出一种暗色油。将该油干燥在二氧化硅上(使用二氯甲烷),并使用自动层析法采用5%EtOAc/己烷→50%EtOAc/己烷的梯度物在1小时时间内将该产物层析。将纯的级分蒸发,给出3.40g黄褐色固体(76.2%产率,98%HPLC分析,NMR确认)。
步骤5
将3.40g(10.6mmol)7-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶和1.30g(2.6mmol)乙酰丙酮根合铱(III)与12滴十三烷一起添加到配备有搅拌棒的25mL Schlenk管中。将该烧瓶密封并用N2真空脱气。然后将该混合物浸入砂浴中并在N2气氛下在250℃加热96小时。然后将该混合物吸收在二氯甲烷中并在硅胶柱上使用二氯甲烷作为洗脱剂进行纯化。蒸发掉产物级分中的溶剂,获得粗的掺杂剂。然后将固体物从二氯甲烷/甲醇中重结晶,获得为黄色固体的2.1g es13(68.9%产率,HPLC分析99.5%,NMR确认)。
实施例18 es15的制备
步骤1:2-(正丁基)-6-氨基菲啶的制备
将20.0g(87.7mmol)2-(1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂戊烷-2-基)苄腈、13.7g(73.1mmol)2-溴-4-丁基苯胺、1.70g(1.46mmol)四(三苯基膦)合钯(0)和27.2g(198mmol)碳酸钾在400ml甲苯和200ml乙醇中在N2气氛下回流20h。HPLC和TLC揭示苯胺几乎完全消耗。添加另外的1.8g 2-(1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂戊烷-2-基)苄腈并继续回流另外18h。将反应混合物冷却并使之通过过滤器。用乙酸乙酯洗涤固体物以从收集的碱中除去有机物。然后蒸发滤液并干燥在二氧化硅上。使用硅胶层析以100%乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂纯化该样品。然后将产物级分蒸发至最小量,并从EtOAc/己烷中重结晶产物,获得12.0g为淡黄色固体的标题化合物(65.9%产率,GC-MS确认)。
步骤2:es15配位体的合成
将12.0g(48.0mmol)2-(正己基)-6-氨基菲啶、11.4g(72.0mmol,50%v/v,在H2O中)氯乙醛和8.06g(96.0mmol)碳酸氢钠添加到500mL烧瓶中并在N2气氛下在200mL2-丙醇中回流20小时。在完成后,冷却混合物,于是TLC和HPLC指示起始菲啶的完全消耗。将混合物吸收在EtOAc中并过滤以除去碱。然后蒸发滤液,给出一种棕色油。然后将该油干燥在二氧化硅上,并使用70%乙酸乙酯/己烷→100%乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂在二氧化硅柱上进行纯化。将从该纯化操作得到的产物级分中的溶剂蒸发掉,并从乙酸乙酯/己烷中重结晶,产生总共5.22g为灰白色固体的es15配位体(40.5%产率,NMR确认)。
步骤3
将5.2g(21.0mmol)es15配位体和2.58g(5.25mmol)乙酰丙酮根合铱(III)添加到配备有搅拌棒的25mL Schlenk管中。添加10滴十三烷,用隔膜密封该管并用N2彻底地真空脱气。将该管浸入砂浴并在N2气氛下在250℃加热72h。然后将冷却的混合物在超声震荡下吸收在CH2Cl2中以溶解杂质。真空过滤该混合物,并用CH2Cl2和己烷漂洗固体,获得2.74g黄色固体。然后将该固体溶于130mL沸腾的氯苯中并倒在硅藻土垫(热的)上以除去杂质。将所得滤液蒸发至干。将残余物吸收在二氯甲烷中,并使用二氯甲烷在快速硅胶柱上纯化所述内容物。蒸发掉产物级分中的溶剂,并将固体从氯苯中重结晶,产生1.52g为黄色固体的es15(29.6%产率,NMR确认,96.3%HPLC分析),通过在三区升华器中在360℃和1.0×10-5托真空下的升华将其中1.5g进一步纯化,获得160mg为亮黄色固体的es15。
实施例19 es6的制备
步骤1:2-异丙基-菲啶-6-基胺的合成
向500ml圆底烧瓶中加入12.2克(65.4mmol)2-氰基苯基硼酸丙二醇酯、14.0g(65.4mmol)2-溴-4-异丙基苯胺、2.27(2mmol)四(三苯基膦)合钯、18.0g(131mmol)碳酸钾、150ml甲苯和50ml乙醇。在N2下将反应加热回流18小时。在冷却到室温后,用乙酸乙酯和水萃取反应物。有机物用盐水洗涤,然后用硫酸镁干燥。通过过滤收集固体并从滤液中除去溶剂。使用94.5%二氯甲烷、5%甲醇、0.5%氢氧化铵作为洗脱剂通过硅胶层析纯化产物。将含有所需产物的级分合并并除去溶剂。通过NMR和质谱分析确认产物。
步骤2:es6配位体的合成
向250ml圆底烧瓶中加入5克(21.2mmol)2-异丙基-菲啶-6-基胺、5克(31.8mmol,50%水溶液)氯乙醛、3.56克(42.4mmol)碳酸氢钠和150ml异丙醇。将该混合物加热回流18小时,然后冷却到室温。添加二氯甲烷并过滤固体。通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,并通过柱层析采用40%己烷/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂纯化产物。将含有所需产物的级分合并并除去溶剂。通过Kuge lrohr蒸馏进一步纯化产物。收集5.8克es6配位体。
步骤3
向50ml schlenk管中加入2.8克(10.8mmol)7-异丙基-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶和1.05g(2.2mmol)乙酰丙酮根合铱。抽空反应器并用氮气回充三次。将反应在250℃加热24小时。将反应冷却并添加二氯甲烷,然后过滤固体,产生1.5克黄色固体。将该固体溶于热的1,2-二氯苯。将混合物冷却并过滤固体,产生0.4克为黄色固体的es6。通过升华进一步纯化该材料。
实施例20 es8的制备
向50m lschlenk管中加入2.9克(9.6mmol)es8配位体、0.94g(1.9mmol)乙酰丙酮根合铱和20滴十三烷。抽空反应器并用氮气回充三次。将反应加热到240℃保持70小时。冷却反应并添加二氯甲烷。通过柱层析采用二氯甲烷作为洗脱剂纯化该产物。将包含所需产物的部分合并并通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。将产物从甲苯中结晶,产生300mges8,通过升华将它进一步纯化。
实施例21 es5的制备
步骤1:9-氟-6-菲啶胺的合成
向2-氯-4-氟苄腈(1.0g,6.42mmol)、2-氨基苯基硼酸频哪醇酯(1.6g,7.1mmol)、乙酸钯(II)(0.07g,0.32mmol)、盐酸金刚胺(0.24g,1.3mmol)和碳酸铯(4.6g,14.1mmol)的溶液中添加预先用氮气脱气的二噁烷,并加热回流17小时。在冷却后,将蒸馏水和二氯甲烷(50mL)添加到该反应混合物中。将溶剂层分离并浓缩,获得粗品油,通过首先使用1:1乙酸乙酯和己烷接着使用4:1乙酸乙酯/己烷作为洗脱剂通过柱层析将该粗品油纯化。收集纯产物,获得9-氟-6-菲啶胺(42g,32%产率),其NMR光谱与预期的结构一致。
步骤2:10-氟-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶的合成
将9-氟-6-菲啶胺(0.8g,3.7mmol)和含碳酸氢钠(0.6g,7.54mmol)的乙酰氯(0.4g,5.66mmol)在水中的50%溶液溶于异丙醇(25mL)。将该反应混合物在氮气保护下回流17小时。将该反应混合物冷却到室温,真空过滤沉淀并用二氯甲烷洗涤。通过使用1:1比例的乙酸乙酯和己烷作为洗脱剂的柱层析,接着蒸馏,来纯化该粗产物,获得10-氟-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(0.46g,52%产率)。
步骤3
向50m lschlenk管中加入2.1克(9.6mmol)10-氟-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶、0.87g(1.9mmol)乙酰丙酮根合铱和15滴十三烷。抽空反应器并用氮气回充三次。将反应加热到230℃保持40小时。冷却反应并添加二氯甲烷。通过柱层析采用二氯甲烷作为洗脱剂纯化该产物。将包含所需产物的部分合并并通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。将产物从二氯甲烷/己烷混合物中结晶,给出500mg es5,通过升华将它进一步纯化。
实施例22 es19的制备
步骤1:3-叔丁基苯基硼酸的合成
向干燥的THF(10mL)的溶液中添加镁(1.25g,52mmol)、3-叔丁基溴苯(2.0g,9.4mmol)和碘的晶体。首先稍微加热该反应直到反应开始,然后停止加热。经由加料漏斗添加剩余的3-叔丁基溴苯(8.0g,37.7mmol),直到自发回流停止。将反应混合物加热回流2小时。经由注射器将所述格氏试剂转移到硼酸三甲酯溶于THF中的冷却溶液(-40℃)中,并且添加用10分钟时间完成。将反应混合物加热到室温过夜。将乙酸乙酯和蒸馏水添加到该反应混合物中并分离各层。将有机物用盐水洗涤并在硫酸镁上干燥。浓缩溶剂,并使用10%乙酸乙酯和己烷作为洗脱剂通过硅胶柱纯化产物,获得为白色固体的3-叔丁基苯基硼酸(4.0g,46%产率)。该产物通过GCMS确认并直接用于下一步。
步骤2:2-氨基-3’,5-二叔丁基联苯的合成
将3-叔丁基苯基硼酸(4.0g,22.4mmol)、2-溴-4-叔丁基苯胺(4.3g,18.7mmol)、乙酸钯(II)(0.11g,0.468mmol)、三苯基膦(0.5g,1.8mmol)和25mL碳酸钾的2M溶液一起添加在36mL乙二醇二甲醚中。在回流下加热该反应混合物18小时。将反应冷却到室温并将水相与有机相分离。用乙酸乙酯萃取水相。将有机萃取物合并,在硫酸镁上干燥,过滤并浓缩。使用20%乙酸乙酯和己烷作为洗脱剂通过柱层析纯化该粗产物。收集为白色固体的纯产物2-氨基-3’,5-二叔丁基联苯(3.0g,57%产率),其NMR与预期的结构一致。
步骤3:N-甲酰基-2-氨基-3’,5-二叔丁基联苯的合成
将2-氨基-3’,5-二叔丁基联苯(2.0g,7.11mmol)添加到甲酸的溶液中并加热回流16小时。在冷却后,将水(25mL)添加到该产物中,并通过真空过滤收集沉淀。将粗产物溶解在乙酸乙酯中,用水洗涤。将有机物在硫酸镁上干燥并浓缩,并且通过柱层析使用10%乙酸乙酯和己烷作为洗脱剂纯化,获得通过GCMS确定的纯的N-甲酰基-2-氨基-3’,5-二叔丁基联苯(1.8g,82%产率)。
步骤4:2,9-二叔丁基菲啶酮的合成
将上述化合物N-甲酰基-2-氨基-3’,5-二叔丁基联苯(6.5g,21mmol)溶解在50mL氯苯中,向其中添加5当量二叔丁基过氧化物。将反应混合物加热到110℃保持72小时。将反应混合物浓缩一半并冷却到0℃。通过真空过滤收集所形成的沉淀。用己烷洗涤该灰白色固体,获得由GCMS确定的2,9-二叔丁基菲啶酮,并且不进一步纯化。
步骤5:2,9-二叔丁基-6-氯菲啶的合成
将上述2,9-二叔丁基菲啶酮(3.0g,9.7毫摩尔)添加到包含五氯化磷(3.0g,14.6毫摩尔)和50mL磷酰氯的反应烧瓶中。将该反应混合物回流过夜,冷却到室温并用甲苯稀释。通过旋转蒸发器除去过量的磷酰氯和甲苯。将残余物溶解到乙酸乙酯中,并用蒸馏水洗涤,接着用盐水洗涤。将溶剂层在硫酸镁上干燥,过滤并浓缩,获得为灰白色固体的所需的2,9-二叔丁基-6-氯菲啶(3.0克,98%)。产物通过GC质谱确认,并且不进一步纯化而直接用于下一步。
步骤5:7,10-二叔丁基-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶的合成
将2,9-二叔丁基-6-氯菲啶(3.7克,11.0毫摩尔)添加到包含溶解在200mL二甘醇二甲醚中的甲醇缩氨基乙醛(2.4克,23毫摩尔)的反应烧瓶中,在氮气气氛下加热回流并搅拌。在96小时之后,通过TLC测定发现反应完成。将反应混合物冷却到室温,并通过蒸馏除去过量的溶剂。将残余物吸收在二氯甲烷中。将溶剂在硫酸镁上干燥,过滤并浓缩。使用10%乙酸乙酯和90%二氯甲烷作为洗脱剂通过硅胶层析纯化粗产物。收集纯化的产物,用己烷洗涤并干燥,获得为白色固体的7,10-二叔丁基-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(2.0克,56%产率)。
步骤6
向50ml schlenk管中加入2.0克(6.1mmol)10-氟-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶、0.84g(1.7mmol)乙酰丙酮根合铱和10滴十三烷。抽空反应器并用氮气回充三次。将反应加热到240℃保持18小时。冷却反应并添加二氯甲烷。通过柱层析采用二氯甲烷作为洗脱剂纯化产物。将包含所需产物的部分合并并通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。将产物从二氯甲烷/己烷混合物中结晶,产生0.6g es19,通过升华将它进一步纯化。
实施例23 es14的制备
步骤1:3,5-二甲基-6-菲啶胺的合成
将2-氰基苯基硼酸频哪醇酯(13.7g,60mmol)、2-溴-4,6-二甲基苯胺(10.0g,50mmol)、四(三苯基膦)合钯(0)(2.3g,2.0mmol)和碳酸钾(18.6g,138.21mol)一起添加到125mL甲苯/甲醇的95/5混合物中。将溶剂脱气,并将反应混合物加热回流48小时。在冷却后,将反应混合物真空过滤并蒸发有机物,并使用用三乙胺处理过的硅胶柱层析和1:9乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷混合物作为洗脱剂将粗产物纯化。收集纯产物并浓缩,获得3,5-二甲基-6-菲啶胺(9.1g,82%产率)。
步骤2:5,7-二甲基-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶的合成
将在258mL异丙醇中的3,5-二甲基-6-菲啶胺(8.6g,39mmol)、乙酰氯(4.6g,58mmol)的50%水溶液、碳酸氢钠(6.5g,77.4mmol)加热回流40小时。在冷却后,将粗产物溶解到二氯甲烷中并真空过滤。浓缩滤液并将粗产物在二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯混合物中结晶。通过真空过滤收集纯产物,获得由NMR确定的5,7-二甲基-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(3.8g,40%产率)。
步骤3
将3.7g(15.0mmol)5,7-二甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶和1.85g(3.76mmol)Ir(acac)3添加到配备有搅拌棒的50mL Schlenk管中。添加12滴十三烷,密封该管并用N2真空脱气。然后将该管浸于砂浴中并加热到250℃保持72小时。将反应混合物冷却,并使内容物与CH2Cl2一起经受超声振荡以进行溶解。将黄色固体过滤并在氯苯中加热。使该溶液过滤通过硅藻土并浓缩以诱使结晶。过滤固体,产生600mg为黄色固体的es14,通过升华将它进一步纯化。
实施例24 es27的制备
步骤1:2-氨基-2’-甲基-联苯的合成
将2-甲基苯基硼酸(24.7g,181mmol)、2-溴苯胺(25.7g,151mmol)、乙酸钯(II)(0.85g,3.78mmol)、三苯基膦(4.0g,15.1mmol)、碳酸钾的2M溶液(204mL)和乙二醇二甲醚(223mL)添加在一起,并在回流下加热该反应混合物18小时。在将反应冷却到室温之后,将水相与有机相分离。用乙酸乙酯萃取水相,并且将有机萃取物合并,在硫酸镁上干燥并过滤。使用10%乙酸乙酯/己烷作为洗脱剂通过硅胶柱层析纯化粗产物。收集纯的级分,合并并浓缩,获得2-氨基-2’-甲基-联苯(23.5g,84.8%产率),其结构通过GCMS和NMR确认。
步骤2:N-乙氧基羰基-2-氨基-2’-甲基联苯的合成
将上述化合物2-氨基-2’-甲基联苯(11.0g,60mmol)添加到包含三乙基胺(24g,24mmol)的干燥甲苯(250mL)中,并在氮气保护下搅拌。将氯代甲酸乙酯(26g,240mmol)经由注射器缓慢地添加到该搅拌着的溶液中。用盐水洗涤反应混合物,并将有机物分离,在硫酸镁上干燥和浓缩,获得为无色油的N-乙氧基羰基-2-氨基-2’-甲基联苯(7.0g,46%产率),其结构通过GCMS和NMR确认。
步骤3:10-甲基-菲啶酮的合成
将上述化合物N-乙氧基羰基-2-氨基-2’-甲基联苯(6.7g,26mmol)添加到多磷酸(15g)中并在170℃加热过夜。在冷却后,添加水并通过真空过滤收集白色沉淀,获得10-甲基-菲啶酮(3.5g,65%产率),其结构与CGMS和NMR一致。
步骤4:6-氯-10-甲基菲啶的合成
将上述化合物10-甲基-菲啶酮(4.0克,19毫摩尔)添加到包含五氯化磷(6.0克,0.29摩尔)和磷酰氯(50mL)的反应烧瓶中。将该反应混合物回流4小时,冷却到室温并用甲苯稀释。通过旋转蒸发器除去过量的磷酰氯和甲苯。将残余物溶解到乙酸乙酯中,并用蒸馏水洗涤,接着用盐水洗涤。将溶剂层在硫酸镁上干燥,过滤并浓缩,获得为灰白色固体的6-氯-10-甲基菲啶(4.1克,95%)。该产物通过质谱和NMR确认,并且不进一步纯化而直接用于下一步。
步骤5:es27i-1的合成
向二甘醇二甲醚(100mL)的溶液中添加上述6-氯-10-甲基菲啶(1.8g,7.9mmol)和2-溴-4-异丙基苯胺(3.4g,15.8mmol)。在氮气保护下在160℃搅拌该反应混合物3小时。在冷却后,真空过滤沉淀,用乙酸乙酯洗涤,接着用己烷洗涤,获得为米色固体的es27i-1(2.5g,78%产率)。
步骤6:10-异丙基-3-甲基-8b,13-二氮杂-茚并[1,2-f]菲的合成
将上述化合物(3.5g,8.7mmol)溶解在包含三苯基膦(0.45g,1.7mmol)、乙酸钯(0.12g,0.5mmol)、碳酸钾(3.6g,26mmol)的甲苯中。在氮气保护下回流该反应混合物过夜。将该反应混合物冷却到室温,并用蒸馏水洗涤,接着用盐水洗涤。在分离有机层之后,在硅胶柱上纯化该es27配位体产物。
步骤7
向50ml圆底烧瓶中加入1.8g(5.5mmol)10-异丙基-3-甲基-8b,13-二氮杂-茚并[1,2-f]菲、0.67g(1.4mmol)乙酰丙酮根合铱和20ml乙二醇。将反应混合物在氮气下加热回流24小时。将反应冷却并添加甲醇,然后过滤黄色固体。将固体溶于二氯甲烷,并通过柱层析采用二氯甲烷作为洗脱剂进行纯化。将包含所需产物的部分合并并通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。从氯苯结晶产物,产生0.3g es27。
实施例25 es17的制备
步骤1:es17i-1的合成
向三颈1L圆底烧瓶中加入2,6-二溴-4-叔丁基苯胺(38g,0.124摩尔)、2-氰基苯基硼酸频哪醇酯(10g,0.044摩尔)、K3PO4.H2O(35.4g,0.154摩尔)、PdCl2(PPh3)2(1.8g,2.6毫摩尔)和无水甲苯(500ml)。将反应混合物在氮气下在100℃加热6小时。然后浓缩反应混合物至干并进行柱层析处理,得到es17i-1(5.65g,39%)。
步骤2:es17i-2的合成
向es17i-1(2.75g,8.4毫摩尔)、碳酸氢钠(1.4g,16.7毫摩尔)在2-丙醇(75ml)中的混合物中添加氯乙醛(50%水溶液,1.96g)。在75℃加热该反应混合物5小时之后,除去溶剂。将残余物再溶解在二氯甲烷中并用水洗涤。合并有机部分,在硫酸钠上干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。通过使用己烷/乙酸乙酯(80/20)的、在硅胶上的层析纯化粗混合物,获得纯的es17i-2(2.52g,85%)。
步骤3:es17i-3的合成
向三颈1L圆底烧瓶中加入es17i-2(4.5g,12.7mmol)、4-叔丁基苯基硼酸(5.09g,29mmol)、碳酸钠(9.22g,87mmol)、Pd(PPh)4(0.99g,0.86mmol)、50ml水和400ml甲苯。在氮气下将反应混合物加热到100℃保持17小时。将反应混合物用二氯甲烷稀释并用盐水洗涤。合并有机部分,在硫酸钠上干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。通过使用己烷/乙酸乙酯(80/20)的、在硅胶上的层析纯化粗混合物,获得纯的es17i-3(5.05g,97%)。
步骤4
向25ml 2颈烧瓶中加入es17i-3(3.41g,8.38mmol)、Ir(acac)3(821.24mg,1.67mmol)和30滴十三烷。将该烧瓶抽真空并用氮气回充三次,然后加热到220℃保持65小时。将反应混合物溶于二氯甲烷并进行柱层析处理,获得es17(1g,42%产率)。
实施例26 es23的制备
步骤1:3-(三丁基锡)-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶的合成
向三颈圆底烧瓶中加入咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(11.6g,53.21mmol)和600mL无水THF。在-78℃下,将正丁基锂的溶液(在环己烷中的2M溶液,39.9mL,79.8mmol)添加到该反应混合物中。在-78℃下搅拌2小时之后,在-78℃下添加氯化三丁基锡(25.97g,79.8mmol)。在-78℃下搅拌该反应混合物两小时。在真空下浓缩该反应混合物至干并进行柱层析处理(用三乙胺预处理的硅胶,50%EtOAC/己烷),获得标题化合物(24.61g,91%产率)。
步骤2:3-(2,6-二氯苯基)咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶的合成
向250ml圆底烧瓶中加入3-(三丁基锡)-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(23.87g,47mmol)、2,6-二氯碘苯(12.84g,47.08mmol)、PdCl2(PPh3)2(1.97g,2.82mmol)和170ml无水对二甲苯。在氮气下将反应混合物加热到120℃保持17小时。将反应混合物用二氯甲烷稀释并用饱和KF水溶液洗涤。滤出沉淀并对滤液进行柱层析(硅胶,二氯甲烷)处理,获得标题化合物(10.35g,60.8%产率)。
步骤3:3-(2,6-二苯基苯基)-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶的合成
向200ml圆底烧瓶中加入3-(2,6-二氯苯基)-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(2.1g,5.8mmol)、苯基硼酸(2.828g,23.4mmol)、Pd(OAc)2(1.127g,5.02mmol)、2-二环己基膦基-2’,6’-二甲氧基联苯(4.11g,10.03mmol)、K3PO4和70ml无水甲苯。在氮气下将反应混合物加热到100℃保持22小时。将反应混合物浓缩至干并进行柱层析处理,获得标题化合物(1.62g,62%产率)。
步骤4
向25ml2-颈烧瓶中加入3-(2,6-二苯基苯基)-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(2.93g,6.56mmol)、Ir(ACAC)3(0.643g,1.31mmol)和30滴十三烷。将该烧瓶抽真空并用氮气回充三次,然后加热到220℃保持65小时。将该反应混合物溶于二氯甲烷并进行柱层析处理,获得es23(560mg,28%产率)。
实施例27 es101的制备
步骤1:2-(1H-苯并[d]咪唑-1-基]苄腈1
将苯并咪唑(2.00克,16.9mmol)溶于30mL无水二甲基甲酰胺。向其中添加氢化钠(0.68克,60%,16.9mmol)。在环境温度搅拌该混合物30分钟,然后添加1.80mL(16.9mmol)2-氟苄腈。在50℃下搅拌反应18小时,此后在冰水浴中冷却该混合物并用100mL水稀释。用乙酸乙酯萃取产物。将有机层用水洗涤,在硫酸钠上干燥并在真空中蒸发,获得标题化合物。质谱和NMR数据与结构一致。还类似地合成了5,6-二甲基苯并咪唑类似物。
步骤2:2-(2-溴-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-1-基)苄腈2
将化合物1(25.75克,117.5mmol)溶于二噁烷(400mL)。向其中添加N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(20.91克,117.5mmol)。在回流下搅拌该混合物3小时,此后将混合物倒入水中并用乙酸乙酯萃取产物。将有机层在硫酸钠上干燥,在真空中浓缩,并使用二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯5:1(v/v)的流动相进行层析(硅胶),从而提供标题化合物。质谱和NMR数据证实了结构。还类似地合成了5,6-二甲基苯并咪唑类似物。
步骤3:3的合成
将化合物2(4.86克,16.3mmol)在20mL无水四氢呋喃中搅拌。向其中添加25mL六甲基二硅氮烷锂在四氢呋喃中的1N溶液。在65℃下搅拌该反应2.5小时。然后将反应混合物冷却到环境温度并用水猝灭。添加盐酸水溶液(25mL 1N溶液),并将该混合物搅拌10分钟,然后用氢氧化铵水溶液中和。所得的棕色固体通过过滤收集并在真空下干燥。结构通过质谱和NMR数据确认。
步骤4:4的合成
将化合物3(2.15克,9.18mmol)放入200mL圆底烧瓶中。向其中添加1,2-二碘苯(1.20mL,9.18mmol)、碘化铜(0.52克,2.75mmol)、1,10-菲咯啉(0.50克,2.75mmol)和碳酸钾(2.66克,19.28mmol)。将该烧瓶脱气并用氮气回充,然后添加40mL无水二甲基甲酰胺。将该反应物在150℃下搅拌18小时,然后冷却并倒入水中。将粗固体过滤,并使用二氯甲烷-甲醇19:1的流动相进行层析(硅胶),获得产物4。LCMS 309.2(ES+),309.2(AP+);1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.75(m,2H),8.36(d,1H),8.15(d,1H),7.95(m,2H),7.81(m,1H),7.56(m,3H),7.44(m,2H)。
步骤5
向25mL2颈烧瓶中加入4(0.6g,1.945mmol)、Ir(acac)3(0.19g,0.389mmol)和30滴十三烷。抽空该烧瓶并用氮气回充三次,然后加热到240℃保持26h。将所得混合物溶于二氯甲烷并进行硅胶柱层析处理,给出es101,其结构被质谱确认。
实施例28 化合物5的制备
在15mL异丙醇中搅拌化合物3(0.59克,2.52mmol)。向其中添加碳酸氢钠(0.42克,5.04mmol)和氯乙醛(0.50mL50%溶液,3.78mmol)。将该混合物在回流下搅拌7小时,然后冷却,用水稀释,并用二氯甲烷萃取。使用采用二氯甲烷-甲醇19:1作为洗脱剂的柱层析(硅胶)纯化产物。LCMS 258.7(AP+),259.3(ES+);1H NMR(DMSOd6)δ 8.66(d,1H),8.55(m,1H),8.46(dd,1H),8.28(d,1H),7.84(m,2H),7.62(m,2H),7.47(m,2H)。
实施例29 2-(2,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)苄腈6的制备
在75mL无水二甲基甲酰胺中搅拌氢化钠(8.65克,60%,0.216mol)。向其中滴加2,4-二甲基咪唑(20.75克,0.216mol)在100mL DMF中的溶液。在环境温度下搅拌1小时后,滴加2-氟苄腈(23.0mL,0.216mol)在75mL DMF中的溶液。将该混合物在50℃下搅拌2小时,然后在环境温度下搅拌16小时。然后将该混合物倒入水中并用乙酸乙酯萃取产物。有机层用水洗涤并在硫酸钠上干燥。对粗产物进行层析(硅胶),用19:1二氯甲烷-甲醇然后用9:1二氯甲烷-甲醇洗脱,获得固体产物。LCMS数据证实了结构。
实施例30 2-(5-溴-2,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)苄腈7的制备
将化合物6(5.18克,26.0mmol)溶于乙腈(150mL)。向其中添加N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(4.67克,26.0mmol)。将该混合物在回流下搅拌1小时,然后在真空中蒸发。将残余物溶于二氯甲烷并用水洗涤。在真空中蒸发有机层,获得为黄色固体的标题化合物。NMR证实了结构。
实施例31 2-(2,4-二甲基-5-硝基-1H-咪唑-1-基)苄腈8的制备
将化合物6(6.82克,34.5mmol)分批添加到冷却到0℃的三氟乙酸酐(50mL)中。在15分钟之后,用干冰丙酮浴替换氯化钠冰水浴,并滴加硝酸(6.0mL,70%)。将该混合物在环境温度下搅拌16小时,此后将其倒入冰水中并用固体碳酸氢钠中和。产物用二氯甲烷萃取,并在用49:1二氯甲烷-甲醇洗脱的快速硅胶柱上纯化,获得为橙色糊状物的所需产物。LCMS数据支持该结构。
实施例32 2-(1H-吡咯-1-基)苄腈9的制备
将氨基苯甲腈(10.0克,85.0mmol)溶于350mL乙酸。向其中添加2,5-二甲氧基四氢呋喃(11.0mL,85.0mmol)。将该混合物在回流下搅拌2小时,此后将反应混合物倒入水中,并用二氯甲烷萃取产物。有机层用水洗涤,在硫酸钠上干燥,并在硅胶柱上使用1:1二氯甲烷-己烷作为流动相进行层析,获得为白色固体的标题化合物。NMR证实了结构。
实施例332-(1H-2-溴吡咯-1-基)苄腈10的制备
将化合物9(12.07克,72.0mmol)溶于250mL无水二甲基甲酰胺。将该混合物在冰水浴中冷却。向其中添加N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(12.77克,72.0mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌3小时,然后倒入水中。用二氯甲烷萃取产物。有机层用水洗涤,在硫酸钠上干燥,并在真空中浓缩。使用1:1二氯甲烷-己烷作为流动相对粗产物进行柱层析,获得为无色油的化合物10。NMR和LCMS数据证实了结构。
实施例34 es33的制备
步骤1
向1L圆底烧瓶中添加7-溴代咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(10g,33.89mmol,经由通用程序制备)、哌啶(8.66g,101mmol)、乙酸钯(532mg,2.37mmol)、二叔丁基联苯膦(1.41g,4.74mmol)、叔丁醇钠(4.56g,47.45mmo l)和200mL无水甲苯。将反应混合物加热到100℃保持14h。在冷却后,将反应混合物通过在氧化铝柱上的层析纯化。产量:3.19g。
步骤2
向1L圆底烧瓶中添加7-哌啶-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(2.9g,33.89毫摩尔,由步骤1制备)和200ml干燥的DMF。在搅拌下,在室温下,在黑暗中向该混合物中滴加100mL N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺的DMF溶液(1.79g,10.08毫摩尔)。反应混合物继续搅拌过夜。然后在搅拌下将该混合物倒入1L水中。沉淀物通过过滤收集,并进一步用大量水洗涤,最后用MeOH(50mL×2)洗涤,然后干燥。3-溴-7-哌啶基-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶的产量是3.5g。
步骤3
向500mL圆底烧瓶中添加3-溴-7-哌啶基-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(3.5g,9.2mmol)、2,6-二甲基苯基硼酸(8.28g,55.2mmol)、Pd2(dba)3(4.21g,4.6mmol)、2-二环己基膦基-2’,6’-二甲氧基联苯(S-Phos,7.55g,18.40mmol)、磷酸三钾(15.6g,73.6mmol)和200mL二甲苯。将反应在氮气气氛下加热回流并搅拌84小时。在冷却后,通过硅胶柱纯化该混合物。产量是2.25g。
步骤4
向50mL Schlenk管式烧瓶中加入3-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-7-哌啶基-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(1.75g,4.32mmol)和三(乙酰丙酮根)合铱(III)(0.5g,1mmol)。在氮气气氛下搅拌该反应混合物并在240℃的砂浴中加热48小时。在冷却后,将固化的混合物溶于CH2Cl2并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化,获得所需的化合物(0.38g)。
实施例35 es28的制备
向300ml圆底烧瓶中添加6-氯咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(5g,19.78毫摩尔,由通用程序制备)、pd2(dba)3(1.08g,1.18mmol)和2-二环己基膦基联苯(998mg,2.84mmol),经由注射器添加在THF中的双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基锂(23.75ml,1M,23.74ml)。抽空反应烧瓶并用氮气回充。将反应混合物加热到65℃保持过夜。允许反应冷却到室温,添加1M HCl水溶液(100ml)并在室温下搅拌该反应5min。然后通过添加NaOH水溶液中和该溶液。用二氯甲烷萃取水相三次。将有机层合并,在真空中浓缩。残余物通过快速层析法纯化。产量是1.56g。
步骤2
向100ml圆底烧瓶中添加6-氨基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(100mg,0.42mmol,由步骤1制备)、丁醛(61.84mg,0.85mmol)、三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(272mg,1.28mmol)和50ml二氯甲烷。在室温下搅拌该反应混合物过夜。通过添加饱和NaHCO3水溶液将反应混合物猝灭,并用EtOAC萃取产物。浓缩EtOAC层,产生所需的产物(140mg)。
步骤4
向50mL Schlenk管式烧瓶中加入6-N,N-二异丙基-咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(0.45g,1.14mmol)和三(乙酰丙酮根)合铱(III)(0.138g,0.28mmol)。在氮气气氛下搅拌该反应混合物并在240℃的砂浴中加热48小时。在冷却后,将固化的混合物溶于CH2Cl2并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化,获得所需的化合物(0.1g)。
实施例36 es36的制备
向500mL2-颈圆底烧瓶中放入2-溴-4-正己基苯胺(8.87克,0.035mol)、2-氰基苯基硼酸频哪醇酯(8.82克,0.039mol)、二氯双(三苯基膦)合钯(II)(0.98克,4%)和磷酸三钾一水合物(12.1克,0.053mol)。将该烧瓶脱气并用氮气回充,然后经由注射器添加甲苯(120mL)。在回流下搅拌该反应三小时,此后将该混合物冷却到环境温度。添加二氯甲烷(200mL)并用水洗涤该混合物。有机层在硫酸钠上干燥,在真空中浓缩并被层析(硅胶)。用二氯甲烷-甲醇9:1v/v洗脱,产生为黄褐色固体的所需产物。NMR,MS证实了结构。
向250mL圆底烧瓶中放入2-己基菲啶-6-胺(6.17克,0.022mol)、2,4,6-三异丙基苯基溴代乙醛(7.93克,0.024mol,经由通用程序B制备)和异丙醇(50mL)。将该混合物在回流下搅拌2小时,然后添加碳酸氢钠(3.7克,0.044mol)。将该混合物在回流下再搅拌18小时。添加水(100mL)和二氯甲烷(100mL)。分离各层。有机层在硫酸钠上干燥,在真空中浓缩并被层析(硅胶)。用乙酸乙酯-二氯甲烷1:1v/v洗脱,获得为橙色油的所需产物,该橙色油静置时固化。
1HNMR(CDCl3)δ 8.72(d,1H),8.37(d,1H),7.64(m,2H),7.36(s,1H),7.19(m,1H),7.14(s,2H),7.00(d,1H),3.00(p,1H),2.69(t,2H),2.59(p,2H),1.36(d,6H),1.09(d,6H),0.93(d,6H),0.83(t,3H);GC MS 504。
向50mL Schlenk管式烧瓶中加入7-己基-3-(2,4,6-三异丙基苯基)咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(3.9g,7.72mmol)和三(乙酰丙酮根)合铱(III)(0.757g,1.54mmol)。在氮气气氛下搅拌该反应混合物并在240℃的砂浴中加热48小时。在冷却后,将固化的混合物溶于CH2Cl2并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化,获得所需的化合物(0.732g)。
实施例37
用于咪唑并菲啶配位体合成的通用程序B
向配备有机械搅拌器、温度计和加料漏斗的2L3-颈烧瓶中添加300g冰和300mL H2SO4。将在200mL CH3CN中的2,6-二异丙基-4-溴苯胺(46.0g,0.18mol)滴加到该混合物中,同时维持温度低于5℃。然后滴加在180mL冰冷水中的亚硝酸钠(22.5g,0.32mol),同时维持温度大约为0℃。在室温下,缓慢地将所得的透明溶液倒入碘化钾(105g,0.63mol)在300ml水中的溶液中。搅拌该混合物1h。在常规后处理之后,在170℃在真空下蒸馏粗产物,获得在冷却后为浅棕色软固体的1-碘-2,6-二异丙基-4-溴苯(60g)。
在-78℃,在30分钟内,用n-BuLi(1.6M的己烷溶液,75mL)处理1-碘-2,6-二异丙基-4-溴苯(17.6g,0.048mol)的150mL干燥甲苯溶液。在搅拌15分钟之后,滴加在50mL甲苯中的干燥DMF(20mL)。将所得的混合物缓慢加热至室温。在常规后处理之后,在140℃在真空下蒸馏粗产物,获得2,6-二异丙基-4-溴苯甲醛(11.5g)。
在-78℃,将甲氧基甲基-三苯基-氯化鏻(18.68g,54.5mmol)悬浮在200mL THF中。滴加六甲基二硅氮烷锂(1.0M的THF溶液,50mL)。在搅拌下将所得的混合物加热至0℃。在冷却该溶液到-78℃后,滴加在20mL THF中的2,6-二异丙基-4-溴苯甲醛(11.5g,42.7mmol)。将该混合物缓慢地加热至室温并继续搅拌过夜。在常规后处理之后,在165℃在真空下蒸馏粗产物,获得2,6-二异丙基-4-溴-β-甲氧基苯乙烯(10g)。将该产物溶于20mL二噁烷和100mL 18%HCl溶液中,并在100℃回流6h。在常规后处理之后,在160℃在真空下蒸馏粗产物,获得2,6-二异丙基-4-溴苯基乙醛(7.5g)。
在0℃,向2,6-二异丙基-4-溴苯基乙醛(7.3g,25.8mmol)的干燥DMF溶液中添加2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(0.056g,0.26mmol),接着添加NBS(4.59g,25.8mmol)。在搅拌数分钟之后,添加苯磺酸(8.16g,51.6mmol)。在氮气下在35℃搅拌所得的混合物12h。在常规后处理之后,通过柱层析纯化粗产物,获得2-(2,6-二异丙基-4-溴苯基)丙醛(5.4g)。
向500mL圆底烧瓶中添加上述中间体,2,3-二甲基-6-氨基菲啶(6.6g,30mmol)和100mL NMP。在80℃搅拌该混合物48小时。在常规后处理后,通过硅胶柱纯化粗产物。在不同次的实验中产量是大约1-2g。
实施例38 es32的制备
以下程序的每一步骤应该避光。向50mL Schlenk管式烧瓶中加入3-(2,6-二甲基-4-苯基苯基)-6,7-二甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(1.90g,4.46mmol,由3-(2,6-二甲基-4-溴苯基)-6,7-二甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶通过通用方法B接着通过Suzuki偶联获得)和三(乙酰丙酮根)合铱(III)(0.48g,0.99mmol)。在氮气气氛下搅拌该反应混合物并在240℃的砂浴中加热48小时。在冷却后,将固化的混合物溶于CH2Cl2并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化,获得es32(0.60g)。1H NMR结果证实是所需的化合物。发射光的λ最大=468,490nm(在CH2Cl2溶液中,在室温下),CIE=(0.17,0.33)。
实施例39 es24的制备
以下程序的每一步骤应该避光。向50mL Schlenk管式烧瓶中加入3-(2,6-二异丙基苯基)-6,7-二甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(2.10g,5.17mmol,由3-(2,6-二异丙基-4-溴苯基)-6,7-二甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶通过通用方法B接着在-78℃下用n-BuLi处理该THF溶液并用水猝灭获得)和三(乙酰丙酮根)合铱(III)(0.56g,1.15mmol)。在氮气气氛下搅拌该反应混合物并在240℃的砂浴中加热48小时。在冷却后,将固化的混合物溶于CH2Cl2并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化,获得es24(0.54g)。1H NMR结果证实是所需化合物。发射光的λ最大=458,488nm(在CH2Cl2溶液中,在室温下),CIE=(0.17,0.25)。
实施例40 es37的制备
以下程序的每一步骤应该避光。向50mL Schlenk管式烧瓶中加入3-(2,6-二异丙基-4-苯基苯基)-6,7-二甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(1.75g,3.60mmol,由3-(2,6-二异丙基-4-溴苯基)-6,7-二甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶通过通用方法B接着通过Suzuki偶联获得)和三(乙酰丙酮根)合铱(III)(0.40g,0.80mmol)。在氮气气氛下搅拌该反应混合物并在240℃的砂浴中加热48小时。在冷却后,将固化的混合物溶于CH2C l2并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化,获得es 37(0.54g)。1H NMR结果证实是所需化合物。发射光的λ最大=456,488nm(在CH2Cl2溶液中,在室温下),CIE=(0.17,0.24)。
实施例41 es31的制备
以下程序的每一步骤应该避光。向50mL Schlenk管式烧瓶中加入3-(2,4,6-三异丙基苯基)-6,7-二甲基咪唑并[1,2-f]菲啶(1.95g,4.35mmol,由通用方法B使用2,4,6-三异丙基苯甲醛作为起始材料获得)和三(乙酰丙酮根)合铱(III)(0.43g,0.96mmol)。在氮气气氛下搅拌该反应混合物并在240℃的砂浴中加热48小时。在冷却后,将固化的混合物溶于CH2Cl2并通过硅胶柱进一步纯化,获得es31(0.52g)。1H NMR结果证实是所需化合物。发射光的λ最大=460,490nm(在CH2Cl2溶液中,在室温下),CIE=(0.16,0.25)。
实施例42 包含es101的OLED器件的制造
根据Lin等人在美国专利申请号11/241,981和Tung等人在美国专利申请号11/242,025中描述的程序制造包含es101作为发射化合物的OLED器件,并且当使10mA/cm2的电流通过该器件时,该器件发射蓝-绿光。
实施例43 OLED器件
根据Lin等人在美国专利申请号11/241,981和Tung等人在美国专利申请号11/242,025中描述的程序制造包含本发明的掺杂剂的OLED器件,所述器件产生在图3-13、15和16中详述的数据。
尽管结合具体的实施例和优选的实施方案描述了本发明,但应该理解,本发明不局限于这些实施例和实施方案。因此所要求保护的本发明包括这里所述的具体实施例和优选实施方案的变化形式,这些变化形式对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。
Claims (33)
1.包含磷光性金属络合物的化合物,该磷光性金属络合物包含选自组1的单阴离子二齿配位体,其中所述金属选自原子序数大于40的非放射性金属,并且其中所述二齿配位体可以与其它配位体连接而构成三齿、四齿、五齿或六齿配位体;
组1;
其中:
E1a-q选自C和N并且一起包含18π电子体系;前提是E1a和E1p是不同的;和
R1a-i各自独立地是H、烃基、杂原子取代的烃基、氰基、氟、OR2a、SR2a、NR2aR2b、BR2aR2b或SiR2aR2bR2c,其中R2a-c各自独立地是烃基或杂原子取代的烃基,和其中R1a-i和R2a-c中的任意两个可以被连接以形成饱和或不饱和的、芳族或非芳族的环;前提是R1a-i当与N连接时不是H。
3.权利要求2的化合物,其中所述二齿配位体是通式gs1-1的二齿配位体。
4.权利要求1的化合物,其中所述金属是Ir或Pt,和所述二齿配位体选自组2。
5.权利要求1的化合物,其中所述金属络合物是选自组2的配位体的均Ir络合物。
6.权利要求1的化合物,其中所述金属络合物是非均Ir络合物,其包含两个选自组2的二齿配位体和第三单阴离子二齿配位体。
7.权利要求6的化合物,其中所述第三单阴离子二齿配位体是乙酰丙酮根或取代的乙酰丙酮根。
8.权利要求1的化合物,其中所述金属选自Re、Ru、Os、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu和Au,并且R1a-i中的至少一个是2,6-二取代的芳基。
9.权利要求1的化合物,其中所述金属选自Ir和Pt,所述配位体是式gs1-1的配位体,并且R1b是2,6-二取代的芳基。
10.权利要求9的化合物,其中所述2,6-二取代的芳基选自2,6-二甲基苯基;2,4,6-三甲基苯基;2,6-二异丙基苯基;2,4,6-三异丙基苯基;2,6-二异丙基-4-苯基苯基;2,6-二甲基-4-苯基苯基;2,6-二甲基-4-(2,6-二甲基吡啶-4-基)苯基;2,6-二苯基苯基;2,6-二苯基-4-异丙基苯基;2,4,6-三苯基苯基;2,6-二异丙基-4-(4-异丙基苯基)苯基;2,6-二异丙基-4-(3,5-二甲基苯基)苯基;2,6-二甲基-4-(2,6-二甲基吡啶-4-基)苯基;2,6-二异丙基-4-(吡啶-4-基)苯基和2,6-二(3,5-二甲基苯基)苯基。
12.包含权利要求1或11的化合物中的任何一种的OLED器件。
13.包含磷光性金属络合物的化合物,该磷光性金属络合物包含选自组4的单阴离子的二齿配位体,其中所述金属选自原子序数大于40的非放射性金属,并且其中所述二齿配位体可以与其它配位体连接而构成三齿、四齿、五齿或六齿配位体;
组4;
其中:
E1a-q各自独立地选自C和N并且一起包含18π电子体系;前提是E1a和E1p是不同的;和
R1a-i各自独立地是H、烃基、杂原子取代的烃基、氰基、氟、OR2a、SR2a、NR2aR2b、BR2aR2b或SiR2aR2bR2c,其中R2a-c各自独立地是烃基或杂原子取代的烃基,和其中R1a-i和R2a-c中的任意两个可以被连接以形成饱和或不饱和的、芳族或非芳族的环;前提是R1a-i当与N连接时不是H。
16.权利要求14的化合物,其中所述二齿配位体被一个或多个2,6-二取代的芳基或杂芳基取代。
17.权利要求16的化合物,其中所述2,6-二取代的芳基选自2,6-二甲基苯基;2,4,6-三甲基苯基;2,6-二异丙基苯基;2,4,6-三异丙基苯基;2,6-二异丙基-4-苯基苯基;2,6-二甲基-4-苯基苯基;2,6-二甲基-4-(2,6-二甲基吡啶-4-基)苯基;2,6-二苯基苯基;2,6-二苯基-4-异丙基苯基;2,4,6-三苯基苯基;2,6-二异丙基-4-(4-异丙基苯基)苯基;2,6-二异丙基-4-(3,5-二甲基苯基)苯基;2,6-二甲基-4-(2,6-二甲基吡啶-4-基)苯基;2,6-二异丙基-4-(吡啶-4-基)苯基和2,6-二(3,5-二甲基苯基)苯基。
18.权利要求14的化合物,其中所述金属选自Re、Ru、Os、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu和Au。
19.权利要求14的化合物,其中所述金属选自Os、Ir和Pt。
20.权利要求14的化合物,其中所述金属是Ir。
21.包含权利要求14的化合物的OLED器件。
22.对应于权利要求14的配位体的化合物,其中所述金属已经被H替代。
23.包含磷光性金属络合物的化合物,该磷光性金属络合物包含选自组7的单阴离子的二齿配位体,其中所述金属选自原子序数大于40的非放射性金属,并且其中所述二齿配位体包含卡宾供体并且可以与其它配位体连接而构成三齿、四齿、五齿或六齿的配位体;
组7;
其中:
E1a-q选自C和N并且一起包含18π电子体系;前提是E1a和E1p都是碳;和
R1a-i各自独立地是H、烃基、杂原子取代的烃基、氰基、氟、OR2a、SR2a、NR2aR2b、BR2aR2b或SiR2aR2bR2c,其中R2a-c各自独立地是烃基或杂原子取代的烃基,和其中R1a-i和R2a-c中的任意两个可以被连接以形成饱和或不饱和的、芳族或非芳族的环;前提是R1a-i当与N连接时不是H。
25.包含权利要求23的化合物的OLED器件。
26.包含磷光性金属络合物的化合物,所述磷光性金属络合物包含选自组9的单阴离子二齿配位体,其中所述金属选自原子序数大于40的非放射性金属,并且其中所述二齿配位体包含卡宾供体并且可以与其它配位体连接而构成三齿、四齿、五齿或六齿配位体;
组9;
其中:
E1a-q选自C和N并且一起包含18π电子体系;前提是E1a和E1p都是碳;和
R1a-i各自独立地是H、烃基、杂原子取代的烃基、氰基、氟、OR2a、SR2a、NR2aR2b、BR2aR2b或SiR2aR2bR2c,其中R2a-c各自独立地是烃基或杂原子取代的烃基,和其中R1a-i和R2a-c中的任意两个可以被连接以形成饱和或不饱和的、芳族或非芳族的环;前提是R1a-i当与N连接时不是H。
28.包含权利要求26的化合物的OLED器件。
29.包含磷光性金属络合物的化合物,所述磷光性金属络合物包含选自组11的单阴离子二齿配位体,其中所述金属选自原子序数大于40的非放射性金属,并且其中所述二齿配位体可以与其它配位体连接而构成三齿、四齿、五齿或六齿配位体;
组11;
其中
R1a-i各自独立地是H、烃基、杂原子取代的烃基、氰基、氟、OR2a、SR2a、NR2aR2b、BR2aR2b或SiR2aR2bR2c,其中R2a-c各自独立地是烃基或杂原子取代的烃基,和其中R1a-i和R2a-c中的任意两个可以被连接以形成饱和或不饱和的、芳族或非芳族的环;前提是R1a-i当与连接时不是H。
30.包含权利要求29的化合物的OLED器件。
31.对应于权利要求29的配位体的化合物,其中所述金属已经被H替代。
32.包含选自表1的金属络合物的化合物。
33.包含权利要求32的化合物的OLED器件。
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