CN101375087A - 无级传动变速器 - Google Patents

无级传动变速器 Download PDF

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CN101375087A
CN101375087A CNA2006800528336A CN200680052833A CN101375087A CN 101375087 A CN101375087 A CN 101375087A CN A2006800528336 A CNA2006800528336 A CN A2006800528336A CN 200680052833 A CN200680052833 A CN 200680052833A CN 101375087 A CN101375087 A CN 101375087A
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ball
traction
shaft
continuously variable
grooves
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CN101375087B (zh
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A·科尔斯特拉普
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Fallbrook Intellectual Property Co LLC
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Fallbrook Technologies Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H15/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/04—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/40—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which two members co-operative by means of balls, or rollers of uniform effective diameter, not mounted on shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H15/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/04—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/06—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B
    • F16H15/26—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a spherical friction surface centered on its axis of revolution
    • F16H15/28—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a spherical friction surface centered on its axis of revolution with external friction surface

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Friction Gearing (AREA)

Abstract

一种无级变速传动装置，具有输入轴(1)，多个在轴周围径向分布的牵引球(2)，每个牵引球(2)安装在穿过其的轴(3)上，轴(3)在壳体(5)和支承板(6)的径向凹槽(4)中是可以倾斜的。为了控制牵引球(2)的轴向位置，具有邻近牵引球(2)定位的可旋转的输入盘(8)，与输入盘(8)相对的邻近牵引球(2)定位的可旋转的输出盘(9)，以及牵引球(2)周围的预跨度环，以便每个牵引球(2)与输入盘(8)、输出盘(9)和预跨度环(11)三点接触，预跨度环(11)的接触表面具有大于牵引球(2)的半径的特定曲率。

Description

无级传动变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及权利要求1所述类型的无级传动变速器(continuouslyvariable gear transmission)。
背景技术
在这种类型的无级传动变速器中，已知提供一种弹簧形式的轴向力发生器，以便保证输入和输出盘的表面与牵引球之间必要的接触压力。例如，从US-A-2469653已知这种类型的无级传动变速器，其中可以借助螺母调整用于提供必要的接触压力的弹簧的张力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种上面类型的无级变速器，其中在变化载荷下以及传动比快速改变期间，提高扭矩的传递，并且相比于现有技术，具有有效、简单和紧凑的设计。这一目的是通过所述类型的无级传动变速器实现的，根据本发明的无级传动变速器包括权利要求1特征部分所述的特征。通过这种排列，当变速器以恒定比率运转时，来自预跨度环(pre-spanning ring)的力将在接触点提供必要的正交力，该预跨度环具有大于牵引球的半径的曲率和预跨度，在这种情况下，牵引球和预跨度环将接触，其中该预跨度环具有其最大的内径。当通过倾斜球轴增加传动比时，输出轴必须使驱动单元加速，因此需要更高的传递扭矩。驱动单元的惯量通常具有一定的大小，以便当传动装置未处于过渡相时，加速扭矩大于传递的扭矩。
牵引球轴的快速倾斜使得预跨度环在与球表面相同的方向上轴向运动。当预跨度环轴向运动时，正交力因为在接触点改变的内径而改变。当传动比停止改变时，预跨度环将以与操作速度相关的速度回到其正常的位置，其中接触点位于最大内径处。
设计预跨度环内表面的精确曲率，以便与特定用途的要求相符，例如，更小的半径意味着以更大的惯量加速单元的能力。
无级传动变速器还可设有轴向力发生器，当扭矩需要增加时，其增加牵引球上的正交力，当扭矩需要下降时，其降低该力。
借助轴向力发生器和预跨度环的曲率的组合，变速器自动适应主要载荷的情况。
优选地，所有用于提供所需扭矩的力是内部的，并且限于输入轴，从轴向力发生器到输入盘、牵引球、预跨度环、输出盘，并且通过止推轴承回到输入轴。因而，这些力未通过壳体传递。
牵引球的位置可以通过它们的三点接触控制，并且牵引球轴的角度可以通过可旋转的彩虹板(iris plate)控制。该彩虹板是具有螺旋凹槽的圆盘或板，彩虹板的形状适合牵引球的曲率，从而保持到牵引球的恒定距离。
牵引球的轴穿过支承板中的径向凹槽和彩虹板中的螺旋凹槽，并且当彩虹板旋转时，该轴倾斜。为了为倾斜运动提供空间，彩虹板中的凹槽宽于轴的直径，并且为了防止间隙，该轴装有彩虹板滚子，其具有与彩虹板凹槽的宽度相等的直径。可以设想不同的用于彩虹板旋转的系统，例如，使用步进电机控制传动比。
如果将步进电机或类似致动器连接到具有径向凹槽的支承板，该支承板具有较小的旋转间隙，则可以最小化快速运动下的致动器力。这将在下面解释。
如果每个牵引球的轴分别位于穿过输入轴的平面，则球执行纯滚动，并且球轴是稳定的。
如果壳体和支承板中的径向凹槽未完全对准，则球轴倾斜，并且球会像汽车上的转轮一样运动。因为其是轴向固定的，所以其仅可以在凹槽中开始倾斜。
这种反应将继续，直到球轴碰撞凹槽中的止块，并且反应时间和方向取决于未对准的大小，以及支承板的转动方向相对于输入盘的旋转方向的大小。
如果输入盘的旋转方向是顺时针的，支承板设有小顺时针旋转，则球轴的前端将向着输入轴的旋转轴运动。如果支承板逆时针旋转，则球轴的前端将远离输入轴的旋转轴运动。因而，通过控制支承板的旋转位置，可以加强和维持彩虹板的激活。
如果致动器壳体连接到支承板，而致动器臂连接到彩虹板，则它们会始终在相反的方向上运动，如果支承板挠性安装有弹簧，该弹簧向着理想的对准位置压该支承板，则可以将致动器力保持最小，同时提供快速致动。
作为简单的可替代方案，可以借助从彩虹板到牵引球轴的一部分力提供支承板的支承旋转，该力未定向在支承板的凹槽的径向方向上。根据输入盘相应的旋转方向选择彩虹板的转动，以便减少传动比，并且自然地，支承板在可以具有小旋转的情况下挠性安装。
在可替代的实施例中，无级传动变速器还包括分离机构，当不需要驱动单元的驱动时，其让驱动单元相对于传动单元空转。优选地，通过彩虹板控制分离机构，在变速器处于其最低比率的情况下，彩虹板进一步的转动将牵引球轴保持在相同的位置，彩虹板上的斜坡将力通过离合片传递到输入盘，其因此从牵引球分离，从而分离传动单元和驱动单元之间的连接。
附图说明
下面参照附图更全面地描述本发明的实施例，其中
附图1是在附图2的A-A方向上看根据本发明的无级变速器的截面图；
附图2示出无级变速器的侧视图，其示出了支承板中的径向槽；
附图3示出具有螺旋槽的彩虹板；
附图4A示出轴向力发生器的截面图；
附图4B示出轴向力发生器的分解图；
附图5A示出处于定比状态的预跨度环和牵引球；
附图5B示出在牵引球的轴快速倾斜之后预跨度环和牵引球的截面图；
附图6A示出具有变形槽的彩虹板，以及具有分离机构的用于可替代实施例的斜坡；
附图6B以透视图示出附图6A的彩虹板，其更清楚地示出了斜坡；
附图7示出在可替代实施例中使用的离合片和控制销；
附图8示出具有穿过牵引球切断的分离机构的、根据可替代实施例的无级传动变速器的截面图；
附图9示出与附图8对应的截面图，但是是在牵引球之间切断。
具体实施方式
附图1示出根据本发明的实施例的无级变速器的截面图。该变速器包括输入轴1，将其旋转变成输出轴10的旋转，输出轴的一端伸出传动装置，所述输出轴10与输入短轴1轴向对准。如图4A和4B所示，输入轴1通过轴向力发生器连接到输入盘8。轴向力发生器由输入轴1上的多个斜坡14，输入盘8上的多个斜坡15，以及中间的多个球16组成。这种轴向力发生器提供随输入轴1的扭矩变化的轴向力。计算斜坡14、15的斜率，以便产生轴向力，在牵引球2上产生所需的正交力，从而给出所需的牵引。
轴向力向着预跨度环11压牵引球2。当输入轴1旋转牵引球2时，牵引球开始旋转，并且牵引球2和预跨度环11之间的接触点移动到预跨度环11的轴向中心，其中内径最大，如图5A所示。
当牵引球2快速倾斜时，预跨度环轴向随动，并且接触点移动到预跨度环11的更小内径的点，如图5B所示，这将在牵引球2的接触点产生更大的正交力。
牵引球的位置由输入盘8、预跨度环11和输出盘9的三个接触点限定，而轴由附图2中所示的壳体5和支承板6中的凹槽支承。
附图3中所示的彩虹板7控制牵引球的轴3的角度。由壳体5和支承板6中的径向槽4支承的牵引球2的轴3穿过彩虹板7中的凹槽13。当彩虹板7转动时，轴3倾斜。为了使轴3以一定角度穿过凹槽13，彩虹板7中的凹槽13宽于牵引球的轴3。为了防止间隙，牵引球的轴3装配有彩虹板滚子，其具有与彩虹板中的凹槽13相同的直径。
附图6A和6B中所示的彩虹板包括凹槽19，其内部保持恒定的半径，以便提供最小的分离传动比。在达到最小传动比之后，当彩虹板18进一步向前转动时，借助彩虹板18上的斜坡20提供分离，所述斜坡20向着止推轴承22对附图7中所示的离合片21施压。这样，止推轴承22推开输入盘8与牵引球2的接合，由此驱动单元与传动单元分离。在这种位置即输入盘8的分离位置，输入轴1上的扭矩接近零，因而如果有轴向力发生器，则轴向力最小，进而维持变速器的分离。可以借助插入壳体中的销23控制离合片21的旋转位置，由此离合片21的运动限制为轴向运动。
附图8和9示出具有实施分离的机构的变速器的不同截面图。在附图8中，提供穿过牵引球1的截面图，在附图9中，提供在牵引球1之间的截面图。
上面已经结合优选实施例描述了本发明，然而，在不脱离下面权利要求的范围的情况下，可以设想许多偏差，如具有在牵引球2内部定位的预跨度环，在牵引球外部接触定位的输入和输入盘，或者其它可以倾斜牵引球2的机构等等。

Claims (40)

1.一种无级传动变速器，包括：
壳体(5)，
连接到输入盘(8)的输入轴(1)，
连接到输出盘(9)的输出轴(10)，
多个牵引球(2)，每个牵引球具有半径(r)，并且在所述输入和输出盘(8，9)周围径向分布，以及
可旋转的预跨度环(11)，每个所述牵引球(2)绕旋转轴旋转地安装，控制所述旋转轴的角度，以便控制所述传动变速器的传动比，
并且所述牵引球(2)具有分别与所述输入盘(8)、所述输入盘(9)和所述预跨度环(11)接触的三个点，
其特征在于
所述预跨度环(11)可轴向移动地安装，并且具有与所述牵引球(2)接触的表面曲率，所述曲率大于所述牵引球(2)的半径(r)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无级传动变速器，其特征在于所述牵引球(2)安装在轴(3)上，以便在其上旋转，所述轴(3)通过所述壳体和支承板(6)中的径向凹槽(4)以及彩虹板(7)中的螺旋凹槽(13)枢轴延伸，以便控制所述轴(3)的角度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的无级传动变速器，其特征在于还包括所述输入轴(1)和输入盘(8)之间的轴向力发生器。
4.根据权利要求3所述的无级传动变速器，其特征在于所述轴向力发生器的力从所述输入轴(1)内部传递到所述输入盘(8)，经由牵引球(2)传递到输出盘(9)，并且通过止推轴承回到输入轴(1)。
5.根据前面任一权利要求所述的无级传动变速器，其特征在于还包括支承板(6)，在其理想的对准位置具有较小的旋转间隙。
6.根据权利要求5所述的无级传动变速器，其特征在于还包括挠性部件如弹簧，用于挠性地安装所述支承板(6)，并且向着其理想的对准位置压所述支承板(6)。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的无级传动变速器，其特征在于还包括致动器，所述致动器具有连接到所述支承板(6)的致动器壳体，以及连接到所述彩虹板(7)的致动器臂。
8.根据前面任一权利要求所述的无级传动变速器，其特征在于将所述预跨度环(11)定位在所述牵引球(2)的外部上。
9.根据前面任一权利要求所述的无级传动变速器，其特征在于还包括润滑系统，以便润滑和冷却所述变速器。
10.根据权利要求9所述的无级传动变速器，其特征在于所述润滑系统还润滑连接到所述输出轴(10)的驱动单元。
11.根据前面任一权利要求所述的无级传动变速器，其特征在于用于传动压缩机，通风机。
12.根据前面任一权利要求所述的无级传动变速器，其特征在于还包括将所述输入盘(8)从所述牵引球(2)分离的分离机构。
13.根据权利要求12所述的无级传动变速器，其特征在于包括在彩虹板(18)上提供的斜坡(20)，所述斜坡迫使所述输入盘(8)离开与所述牵引球(2)接合的位置。
14.根据权利要求13所述的无级传动变速器，其特征在于在低传动位置执行与所述变速器的分离。
15.一种便于控制无级变速器(CVT)比率的设备，所述设备包括：
具有多个第一径向凹槽的第一部件；
具有多个第二径向凹槽的第二部件；
其中所述多个第一和第二径向凹槽在轴的周围成角度地排列；以及
其中将所述第一和第二部件配置成彼此相对旋转，以便在所述CVT的操作期间，所述多个第一径向凹槽可以相对于所述多个第二凹槽成角度地偏离。
16.根据权利要求15所述的设备，其特征在于所述第一部件包括固定部件。
17.根据权利要求16所述的设备，其特征在于所述第二部件包括配置成相对于所述第一部件旋转的支承板。
18.根据权利要求15所述的设备，其特征在于所述第一部件包括壳体部件。
19.根据权利要求18所述的设备，其特征在于所述第二部件包括支承板。
20.根据权利要求19所述的设备，还包括致动器壳体和致动器臂，所述致动器壳体连接到所述支承板，所述致动器臂连接到用于使CVT的多个牵引球倾斜的机构。
21.一种便于控制无级变速器(CVT)比率的方法，所述方法包括：
提供多个牵引球；
每个牵引球设有球轴，所述牵引球绕所述球轴旋转；
提供多个接合所述球轴第一端的第一凹槽；
提供多个接合所述球轴第二端的第二凹槽；以及
彼此相对地排列所述多个第一和第二凹槽，以便在所述CVT的操作期间，所述多个第一凹槽可以相对于所述多个第二凹槽偏离。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于所述多个第一和第二凹槽包括径向凹槽。
23.根据权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于所述多个第一凹槽是壳体的一部分。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法，其特征在于所述多个第二凹槽是支承板的一部分。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法，还包括提供致动器壳体和致动器臂，所述致动器壳体连接到所述支承板，所述致动器臂连接到用于使所述多个牵引球倾斜的机构。
26.一种控制无级变速器比率的方法，所述方法包括：
提供多个牵引球；
所述每个牵引球设有球轴，所述牵引球绕所述球轴旋转；
提供多个接合所述球轴第一端的第一径向凹槽；
提供多个接合所述球轴第二端的第二径向凹槽；以及
使所述多个第一和第二径向凹槽彼此相对地旋转。
27.根据权利要求26所述的方法，还包括提供与所述多个球接触的输入盘，其中所述输入盘的顺时针旋转和所述多个第二凹槽的顺时针旋转引起所述球轴在所述径向凹槽中在第一方向上倾斜。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法，其特征在于所述多个第二凹槽的逆时针旋转引起所述球轴在所述径向凹槽中在第二方向上倾斜。
29.根据权利要求26所述的方法，其特征在于提供多个第二径向凹槽包括提供支承板，所述支承板包括多个径向凹槽。
30.根据权利要求26所述的方法，其特征在于使所述多个第一和第二径向凹槽彼此相对地旋转包括提供支承板，所述支承板在其理想的对准位置周围具有较小的旋转间隙。
31.一种参照附图4A和4B示出和描述的轴向力发生机构。
32.一种参照附图1、5A和5B示出和描述的CVT中的预跨度环及其操作方法。
33.一种参照附图1示出和描述的CVT。
34.一种参照附图8和9示出和描述的CVT。
35.一种参照附图7-9示出和描述的分离机构。
36.一种无级变速器(CVT)，包括：
多个在轴周围成角度地排列的牵引球，每个牵引球设有球轴，所述球绕所述球轴旋转；
与所述牵引球接触的输入盘；
与所述牵引球接触的输出盘；
与所述球接触的预跨度环；
其中所述输入和输入盘在相对于所述预跨度环接触所述球的位置径向向内的位置接触所述球；以及
其中所述预跨度环配置成在所述球轴倾斜时轴向平移。
37.一种无级变速器(CVT)，包括：
轴；
多个在所述轴的纵轴线周围成角度地排列的牵引球；
多个可倾斜的球轴，每个球轴对应于牵引球；
多个与所述球轴第一端接合的第一径向凹槽；
多个与所述球轴第二端接合的第二径向凹槽；以及
其中所述多个第一径向凹槽配置成能相对于所述多个第二径向凹槽旋转，以便所述多个第一径向凹槽的旋转使所述球轴在所述多个第一和第二径向凹槽中倾斜。
38.根据权利要求37所述的CVT，其特征在于所述多个第一凹槽形成在支承板中。
39.根据权利要求38所述的CVT，其特征在于所述多个第二凹槽是固定的，所述支承板配置成在其理想的对准位置周围具有较小的旋转间隙。
40.根据权利要求37所述的CVT，还包括输入盘、输出盘和预跨度环，其中所述输入盘、输出盘和预跨度环每个都接触所述多个牵引球。
CN200680052833.6A 2005-12-30 2006-12-18 无级传动变速器 Expired - Fee Related CN101375087B (zh)

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EP05028709A EP1811202A1 (en) 2005-12-30 2005-12-30 A continuously variable gear transmission
EP05028709.3 2005-12-30
PCT/IB2006/054911 WO2007077502A1 (en) 2005-12-30 2006-12-18 A continuously variable gear transmission

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US20170284519A1 (en) 2017-10-05
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US9683638B2 (en) 2017-06-20
US20130337971A1 (en) 2013-12-19
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US8506452B2 (en) 2013-08-13
WO2007077502A1 (en) 2007-07-12

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