TWI771721B - 結合淋巴球活化基因-3 (lag-3)之抗體最佳化及其用途 - Google Patents
結合淋巴球活化基因-3 (lag-3)之抗體最佳化及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
本發明提供經分離單株抗體,其特異性結合LAG-3且與先前所闡述抗LAG-3抗體(例如抗體25F7,US 2011/0150892 A1)相比具有最佳化功能性質。該等性質包含在保留對人類LAG-3之高親和力結合的同時減少之去醯胺化位點及物理(亦即熱及化學)穩定性。亦提供編碼本發明該等抗體之核酸分子、用於表現本發明該等抗體之表現載體、宿主細胞及方法,以及包括該等抗體之免疫偶聯物、雙特異性分子及醫藥組合物。本發明亦提供檢測LAG-3之方法以及使用本發明之抗LAG-3抗體刺激免疫反應之治療方法。亦提供組合療法,其中共投與該等抗體與至少一種其他免疫刺激性抗體。
Description
本發明提供經分離單株抗體,其特異性結合LAG-3且與先前所闡述抗LAG-3抗體相比具有最佳化功能性質。
治療性抗體係醫藥工業中快速發展之部分之一。為維持功效(亦即活性)且最小化免疫原性,必須防止抗體及其他蛋白質藥物在製造及儲存期間發生物理及化學降解。實際上,在研發抗體治療劑中之主要困難之一係在投與個體時之潛在免疫原性反應,其可引起快速清除或甚至誘導危及生命之副效應(包含過敏性休克)。許多因素會影響抗體之免疫原性,例如其生理化學性質(例如純度、穩定性或溶解性)、臨床因素(例如劑量、投與途徑、疾病異質性或患者特徵)及其他藥劑之伴隨治療(Swann等人(2008)Curr Opinion Immuol
20:493-499)。
抗體之免疫原性及/或抗體活性之損失通常係由去醯胺化所致。去醯胺化係自發性發生於蛋白質(例如抗體)中之化學降解過程。去醯胺化自胺基酸殘基(例如天門冬醯胺酸及麩醯胺酸)去除醯胺官能基,由此損害了其含有醯胺之側鏈。此繼而在整個蛋白質中引起結構及生物變化,由此產生抗體之異質性形式。去醯胺化係發生於重組產生之治療性抗體中之最常見轉譯後修飾之一。
舉例而言,Tsai等人(Pharm Res
10(11):1580 (1993))報導,單株抗體h1B4 (人類化抗CD18抗體)之重鏈因細胞培養期間之去醯胺化而具有異質性。此外,生物活性由去醯胺化所致之減小/損失已成為公認問題。舉例而言,Kroon等人描述了治療性抗體OKT3中之若干去醯胺化位點,且報導OKT3生產批試樣(壽命為14個月至3年)已降至75%活性以下(Pharm Res
9(11):1386 (1992),第1389頁,第二卷)。此外,在圖譜中展示大量氧化肽之OKT3試樣在抗原結合功效分析中具有顯著減小之活性(第1390頁,第一卷)。作者總結得出,在儲存OKT3時發生之化學修飾之特異性位點可藉由肽圖譜法進行鑑別且與抗體之化學分析及生物分析中的所觀察變化相關(第1392頁,第一卷)。各種其他去醯胺化治療性蛋白亦已報導生物活性損失,包含重組人類DNase (Cacia等人(1993)J. Chromatogr.
634:229-239)及重組可溶性CD4 (Teshima等人(1991)Biochemistry
30:3916-3922)。
總而言之,去醯胺化在醫藥工業中引起顯著且不可預測之問題。特定而言,與監測由抗體治療劑內之去醯胺化引起之可變性有關之工作以及與此可變性有關之FDA問題會增加成本且延遲臨床試驗。另外,用於解決此問題之修飾(包含改變與易於去醯胺化之胺基酸之重組產生及/或改變有關之條件(例如溫度、pH及細胞類型),例如定點突變誘發)可負面影響穩定性及活性,尤其在抗體之互補決定區(CDR)內作出改變時。因此,需要治療性抗體之更穩定形式。
本發明提供經分離單株抗體(例如人類單株抗體),其結合LAG-3 (例如人類LAG-3)且與先前所闡述抗LAG-3抗體相比具有最佳化物理穩定性。特定而言,本發明係關於抗體25F7 (US 2011/0150892 A1)之修飾形式,其與未修飾抗體相比展現顯著改良之熱穩定性及化學穩定性。具體而言,藉由改變抗體25F7之重鏈CDR2結構域之主要結合區,其展示修飾抗體展現顯著較高之物理及熱穩定性、減小之去醯胺化、較高熱可逆性及較低聚集。同時,出人意料地觀察到,修飾抗體保留與未修飾抗體相同之高人類LAG-3結合親和力及功能活性,包含能夠抑制LAG-3至主要組織相容性(MHC) II類分子之結合且刺激抗原特異性T細胞反應。修飾抗體中實質性增加穩定性且保留結合/生物活性之組合令人吃驚,尤其係CDR區對於抗體功能之關鍵性而言。
本發明抗體可用於各種應用,包含檢測LAG-3蛋白及刺激具腫瘤或具病毒個體中之抗原特異性T細胞反應。
因此,在一態樣中,本發明係關於一種經分離單株抗體(例如人類抗體)或其抗原結合部分,其具有包括SEQ ID NO: 12之胺基酸序列之重鏈可變區。在另一實施例中,抗體進一步包含包括SEQ ID NO: 14之胺基酸序列之輕鏈可變區。在另一實施例中,抗體或其抗原結合部分包含含有SEQ ID NO: 12之胺基酸序列之重鏈可變區之CDR1、CDR2及CDR3區(例如分別為SEQ ID NO: 15、16及17)。在另一實施例中,抗體進一步包含含有SEQ ID NO: 12之胺基酸序列之輕鏈可變區之CDR1、CDR2及CDR3區(例如分別為SEQ ID NO: 18、19及20)。
在一較佳實施例中,與抗體25F7相比,該抗體展現增加之物理性質(亦即熱穩定性及化學穩定性),同時仍保留至少與25F7相同之對人類LAG-3之結合親和力。舉例而言,與抗體25F7相比,該抗體展現在重鏈CDR2區中由去醯胺化所致之序列可變性有所降低,例如在4℃下於12週之後(亦即在如本文所闡述之「真實時間」穩定性研究下)胺基酸序列之修飾為大約2.5%或更小及/或在40℃下於12週之後(亦即在如本文所闡述之加速應力條件下)胺基酸序列之修飾為大約12.0%或更小,同時仍保留約至少1 × 10-7
M或更小之KD
(更佳地,1 × 10-8
M或更小之KD
、5 × 10-9
M或更小之KD
或1 × 10-9
M或更小之KD
)之對人類LAG-3之結合親和力。在另一實施例中,抗體在pH8.0下於PBS中展現至少約40%之熱可逆性。
在另一實施例中,與未修飾抗體相比,該抗體擁有較高熔化溫度(指示較大活體內總體穩定性) (Krishnamurthy R及Manning MC (2002)Curr Pharm Biotechnol 3
:361-71)。在一實施例中,抗體展現大於60℃ (例如大於65℃或大於70℃)之TM1
(初始伸展溫度)。可使用差示掃描熱量測定(Chen等人(2003)Pharm Res 20
:1952-60;Ghirlando等人(1999)Immunol Lett 68
:47-52)或圓偏光二色性(Murray等人,(2002)J. Chromatogr Sci 40
:343-9)來量測抗體之熔點。
在另一實施例中,抗體之特徵在於其抗快速降解性。可使用毛細管電泳(CE)及MALDI-MS量測抗體降解(Alexander AJ及Hughes DE (1995)Anal Chem 67
:3626-32)。
在另一實施例中,抗體展現最小聚集效應,例如25%或更小(例如20%或更小、15%或更小、10%或更小、5%或更小或4%或更小)之聚集。聚集可導致觸發不期望免疫反應及/或改變或不利之藥物動力學性質,可藉由若干技術(包含尺寸排除管柱(SEC)、高效液相層析(HPLC)及光散射)來量測聚集。
在另一實施例中,抗體進一步展現下列性質中之至少一者:
(a) 結合至猴LAG-3;
(b) 不結合至小鼠LAG-3;
(c) 抑制LAG-3與主要組織相容性(MHC)II類分子之結合;及
(d) 刺激免疫反應,特定而言抗原特異性T細胞反應。較佳地,抗體展現性質(a)、(b)、(c)及(d)中之至少兩者。更佳地,抗體展現性質(a)、(b)、(c)及(d)中之至少三者。甚至更佳地,抗體展現性質(a)、(b)、(c)及(d)中之所有四種性質。
在另一實施例中,抗體刺激抗原特異性T細胞反應,例如抗原特異性T細胞反應中之介白素-2 (IL-2)產生。在其他實施例中,抗體刺激免疫反應,例如抗腫瘤反應(例如抑制活體內腫瘤移植物模型中之腫瘤生長)或自體免疫反應(例如在NOD小鼠中發生糖尿病)。
在另一實施例中,抗體結合包括胺基酸序列PGHPLAPG (SEQ ID NO: 21)之人類LAG-3之表位。在另一實施例中,抗體結合包括胺基酸序列HPAAPSSW (SEQ ID NO: 22)或PAAPSSWG (SEQ ID NO: 23)之人類LAG-3之表位。
在其他實施例中,抗體對垂體組織進行染色(根據免疫組織化學),或不對垂體組織進行染色(根據免疫組織化學)。
本發明抗體可為全長抗體(例如IgG1、IgG2或IgG4同種型之全長抗體),其視情況在重鏈恆定區之鉸鏈區中具有絲胺酸至脯胺酸突變(在對應於位置241之位置處,如在Angal等人(1993)Mol. Immunol
.30
:105-108中所闡述),從而減小或廢止重鏈間雙硫橋之異質性。在一態樣中,恆定區同種型係在胺基酸殘基228處具有突變(例如S228P)之IgG4。另一選擇為,抗體可為抗體片段(例如Fab、Fab’或Fab’2片段)或單鏈抗體。
在本發明之另一態樣中,抗體(或其抗原結合部分)係免疫偶聯物之一部分,免疫偶聯物包含連接至抗體之治療劑(例如細胞毒素或放射性同位素)。在另一態樣中,抗體係雙特異性分子之一部分,雙特異性分子包含具有不同於該抗體或其抗原結合部分之結合特異性之第二功能部分(例如第二抗體)。
亦提供組合物,其包括視情況調配於醫藥上可接受之載劑中之本發明之抗體或其抗原結合部分、免疫偶聯物或雙特異性分子。
亦提供編碼本發明抗體或其抗原結合部分(例如可變區及/或CDR)之核酸分子以及包括該等核酸之表現載體及包括該等表現載體之宿主細胞。亦提供使用包括該等表現載體之宿主細胞製備抗LAG-3抗體之方法,且可包含以下步驟:(i)在宿主細胞中表現抗體及(ii)自宿主細胞分離抗體。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供使用本發明之抗LAG-3抗體刺激免疫反應之方法。在一實施例中,該方法涉及藉由以下方式來刺激抗原特異性T細胞反應:使T細胞與本發明抗體接觸,從而刺激抗原特異性T細胞反應。在一較佳實施例中,刺激藉由抗原特異性T細胞來產生介白素-2。在另一實施例中,個體係具腫瘤個體且刺激對腫瘤之免疫反應。在另一實施例中,個體係具病毒個體且刺激針對病毒之免疫反應。
在又一實施例中,本發明提供抑制個體中之腫瘤細胞生長之方法,其包括向個體投與本發明抗體或其抗原結合部分,從而抑制個體中之腫瘤生長。在再一實施例中,本發明提供治療個體之病毒感染之方法,其包括向個體投與本發明抗體或其抗原結合部分,從而治療個體之病毒感染。在另一實施例中,該等方法包括投與本發明之組合物、雙特異性分子或免疫偶聯物。
在又一實施例中,本發明提供刺激個體中之免疫反應之方法,其包括向個體投與本發明抗體或其抗原結合部分及至少一種其他免疫刺激性抗體(例如抗PD-1抗體、抗PD-L1抗體及/或抗CTLA-4抗體),從而刺激個體中之免疫反應(例如抑制腫瘤生長或刺激抗病毒反應)。在一實施例中,其他免疫刺激性抗體係抗PD-1抗體。在另一實施例中,其他免疫刺激劑係抗PD-L1抗體。在又一實施例中,其他免疫刺激劑係抗CTLA-4抗體。在又一實施例中,將本發明抗體或其抗原結合部分與細胞因子(例如IL-2及/或IL-21)或共刺激性抗體(例如抗CD137及/或抗GITR抗體)一起投與。抗體可為(例如)人類、嵌合或人類化抗體。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供用於前述方法或用於製造用於前述方法(例如用於治療)之醫藥之本發明之抗LAG-3抗體及組合物。
自下列詳細說明及實例可明瞭本揭示內容之其他特徵及優點,該等詳細說明及實例不應理解為限制意義。在本申請案通篇中所引用之所有參考文獻、GenBank條目、專利及公開專利申請案之內容皆以引用方式明確併入本文中。
序列表
本申請案含有已經由EFS網站以ASCII格式呈遞之序列表且其全部內容以引用方式併入本文中。產生於2013年5月30日之該ASSCII拷貝名為11911-WO-PCT_SL.txt且大小為41.9KB。
為可更易於理解本揭示內容,首先定義某些術語。其他定義闡述於整個詳細說明中。
術語「25F7」、「抗體25F7」、「抗體LAG3.1」及「LAG3.1」係指US2011/0150892 A1中所闡述之抗人類LAG-3抗體。編碼25F7 (LAG3.1)之重鏈可變區之核苷酸序列(SEQ ID NO: 1)及相應胺基酸序列(SEQ ID NO: 2)展示於圖1A中(其中CDR序列分別稱為SEQ ID NO: 4、5及7)。編碼25F7 (LAG3.1)之輕鏈可變區之核苷酸序列(SEQ ID NO: 3)及相應胺基酸序列(SEQ ID NO: 4)展示於圖1B中(其中CDR序列分別稱為SEQ ID NO: 8、9及10)。
術語「LAG-3」係指淋巴球活化基因-3。術語「LAG-3」包含變體、同型異構體、同源物、直系同源體及旁系同源體。舉例而言,在某些情形下,人類LAG-3蛋白之特異性抗體可與來自除人類外之物種之LAG-3蛋白交叉反應。在其他實施例中,人類LAG-3蛋白之特異性抗體可對應人類LAG-3蛋白具有完全特異性且不能展現物種或其他類型交叉反應性,或可與來自某些其他物種(但並非所有其他物種)之LAG-3交叉反應(例如與猴LAG-3交叉反應但不與小鼠LAG-3交叉反應)。術語「人類LAG-3」係指人類序列LAG-3,例如人類LAG-3之具有Genbank登錄編號:NP_002277之完整胺基酸序列(SEQ ID NO: 29)。術語「小鼠LAG-3」係指小鼠序列LAG-3,例如小鼠LAG-3之具有Genbank登錄編號:NP_032505之完整胺基酸序列。業內亦已知LAG-3,例如CD223。人類LAG-3序列與Genbank登錄編號:NP_002277之人類LAG-3之不同之處可在於在非保守區中具有(例如)保守突變且LAG-3與Genbank登錄編號:NP_002277之人類LAG-3具有實質上相同生物功能。舉例而言,人類LAG-3之生物功能係在LAG-3之細胞外結構域中具有由本揭示內容之抗體特異性結合的表位,或人類LAG-3之生物功能係結合至MHC II類分子。
術語「猴LAG-3」意欲涵蓋由舊大陸猴(Old World monkey)及新大陸猴(New World monkey)表現之LAG-3蛋白(包含但不限於獼猴LAG-3及恒河猴LAG-3)。猴LAG-3之代表性胺基酸序列係恒河猴LAG-3胺基酸序列,其亦存放為Genbank登錄編號:XM_001108923。猴LAG-3之另一代表性胺基酸序列係純系pa23-5之替代性恒河猴序列,如US 2011/0150892 A1中所闡述。與Genbank存放序列相比,此替代性恒河猴序列在419位處展現單一胺基酸差異。
特定人類LAG-3序列通常與Genbank登錄編號:NP_002277之人類LAG-3關於胺基酸序列至少90%一致,且含有在與其他物種(例如鼠類)之LAG-3胺基酸序列相比時鑑別為人類胺基酸序列之胺基酸殘基。在某些情形下,人類LAG-3可與Genbank登錄編號:NP_002277之LAG-3關於胺基酸序列至少95%或甚至至少96%、97%、98%或99%一致。在某些實施例中,人類LAG-3序列較Genbank登錄編號:NP_002277之LAG-3序列顯示不超過10個胺基酸差異。在某些實施例中,人類LAG-3可較Genbank登錄編號:NP_002277之LAG-3序列顯示不超過5或甚至不超過4、3、2或1個胺基酸差異。可如本文所闡述測定一致性百分比。
術語「免疫反應」係指(例如)淋巴球、抗原呈現細胞、吞噬細胞、粒細胞及由上述細胞或肝產生之可溶性大分子(包含抗體、細胞因子及補體)之作用,該作用可使得選擇性損害、破壞或消除侵入病原體之人體、感染病原體之細胞或組織、癌細胞或(在自體免疫性或病理學發炎之情形下)正常人類細胞或組織。
「抗原特異性T細胞反應」係指源於使用T細胞特異性抗原刺激T細胞之T細胞反應。在抗原特異性刺激後之T細胞反應之非限制性實例包含增殖及細胞因子產生(例如IL-2產生)。
如本文所提及之術語「抗體」包含全抗體及其任一抗原結合片段(亦即「抗原結合部分」)或單鏈。全抗體係包括藉由二硫化物鍵互連之至少兩條重(H)鏈及兩條輕(L)鏈之糖蛋白。每一重鏈包括重鏈可變區(本文縮寫為VH
)及重鏈恆定區。重鏈恆定區包括三個結構域:CH
1、CH
2及CH
3。每一輕鏈包括輕鏈可變區(本文縮寫為VL
)及輕鏈恆定區。輕鏈恆定區包括一個結構域(CL
)。可將VH
及VL
區進一步細分成高度可變區(稱為互補決定區(CDR))及較為保守之區(稱為框架區(FR)),二者間雜排列。每一VH及VL由三個CDR及四個FR構成,其自胺基末端至羧基末端按下列順序配置:FR1、CDR1、FR2、CDR2、FR3、CDR3、FR4。重鏈及輕鏈之可變區含有與抗原相互作用之結合結構域。抗體之恆定區可調介免疫球蛋白與宿主組織或因子(包含免疫系統之各種細胞(例如效應子細胞)及經典補體系統之第一組份(Clq))之結合。
本文所用之術語抗體之「抗原結合部分」(或簡稱為「抗體部分」)係指保留特異性結合至抗原(例如LAG-3蛋白)之能力之一或多個抗體片段。已展示,抗體之抗原結合功能可由全長抗體片段來實施。涵蓋於術語抗體之「抗原結合部分」內之結合片段之實例包含(i) Fab片段,其係由VL
、VH
、CL
及CH
1結構域組成之單價片段;(ii) F(ab')2
片段,其係包括兩個藉由鉸鏈區處之雙硫橋連接之Fab片段之雙價片段;(iii)由VH
及CH
1結構域組成之Fd片段;(iv)由VH
及CH
1結構域組成之Fv片段;(v)由抗體單臂之VL
及VH
結構域組成之Fv片段;(vi) dAb片段(Ward等人,(1989)Nature 341
:544-546),其由VH
結構域組成;(vii)經分離互補決定區(CDR);及(viii)奈米抗體,其係含有單一可變結構域及兩個恆定結構域之重鏈可變區。另外,儘管Fv片段之兩個結構域(VL
及VH
)係由單獨基因編碼,但可使用重組方法藉由合成連接體將此兩個結構域連結在一起,此合成連接體使其能夠以VL
及VH
區配對形成單價分子之單一蛋白質鏈(稱為單鏈Fv (scFv))產生(例如參見Bird等人(1988)Science 242
:423-426;及Huston等人(1988)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85
:5879-5883)。該等單鏈抗體亦意欲涵蓋於術語抗體之「抗原結合部分」內。使用彼等熟習此項技術者已知之習用技術獲得該等抗體片段,且以與完整抗體相同之方式篩選片段以供使用。
本文所用之「經分離抗體」意欲係指實質上不含具有不同抗原特異性之其他抗體的抗體(舉例而言,與LAG-3蛋白特異性結合之經分離抗體實質上不含與除LAG-3蛋白外之抗原特異性結合之抗體)。然而,特異性結合人類LAG-3蛋白之經分離抗體可與其他抗原(例如來自其他物種之LAG-3蛋白)具有交叉反應性。另外,經分離抗體可實質上不含其他細胞材料及/或化學物質。
本文所用之術語「單株抗體」或「單株抗體組合物」係指具有單一分子組成之抗體分子製劑。單株抗體組合物對於特定表位顯示單一結合特異性及親和力。
本文所用之術語「人類抗體」意欲包含具有框架及CDR區衍生自人類種系免疫球蛋白序列之可變區之抗體。另外,若抗體含有恆定區,則恆定區亦衍生自人類種系免疫球蛋白序列。本發明之人類抗體可包含並非由人類種系免疫球蛋白序列編碼之胺基酸殘基(例如藉由活體外隨機突變誘發或定點突變誘發或藉由活體內體細胞突變引入之突變)。然而,本文所用之術語「人類抗體」不意欲包含衍生自另一哺乳動物物種(例如小鼠)種系之CDR序列已移植於人類框架序列上之抗體。
術語「人類單株抗體」係指顯示單一結合特異性之抗體,其具有框架及CDR區皆衍生自人類種系免疫球蛋白序列之可變區。在一實施例中,人類單株抗體可藉由雜交瘤產生,該雜交瘤包含自具有包括人類重鏈轉基因及輕鏈轉基因之基因組之轉基因非人類動物(例如轉基因小鼠)獲得且融合至永生細胞之B細胞。
本文所用之術語「重組人類抗體」包含藉由重組方式製備、表現、產生或分離之所有人類抗體,例如(a)自使用人類免疫球蛋白基因轉基因或轉染色體之動物(例如小鼠)或自該動物製備之雜交瘤分離之抗體(進一步闡述於下文中);(b)自經轉變以表現人類抗體之宿主細胞(例如自轉染瘤)分離之抗體;(c)自重組、組合人類抗體文庫分離之抗體;(d)及藉由涉及將人類免疫球蛋白基因序列剪接至其他DNA序列之任何其他方式製備、表現、產生或分離之抗體。該等重組人類抗體具有框架及CDR區衍生自人類種系免疫球蛋白序列之可變區。然而,在某些實施例中,該等重組人類抗體可經受活體外突變誘發(或在使用人類Ig序列轉基因動物時經受活體內體細胞突變誘發),且由此重組抗體之VH
及VL
區之胺基酸序列儘管源自人類種系VH
及VL
序列並與其相關,但其係不可天然存在於人類活體內抗體種系譜內之序列。
術語「同種型」係指由重鏈恆定區基因編碼之抗體種類(例如IgM或IgG1)。
片語「識別抗原之抗體」及「抗原特異性抗體」在本文中可與術語「特異性結合抗原之抗體」互換使用。
術語「人類抗體衍生物」係指人類抗體之任一修飾形式,例如抗體與另一藥劑或抗體之偶聯物。
術語「人類化抗體」意欲係指衍生自另一哺乳動物物種(例如小鼠)種系之CDR序列已移植於人類框架序列上之抗體。可在人類框架序列內作出其他框架區修飾。
術語「嵌合抗體」意欲係指可變區序列衍生自一種物種且恆定區序列衍生自另一物種之抗體,例如可變區序列衍生自小鼠抗體且恆定區序列衍生自人類抗體之抗體。
如本文中所使用,「特異性結合人類LAG-3」之抗體意欲係指結合至人類LAG-3蛋白(及可能來自一或多種非人類物種之LAG-3蛋白)但不實質性結合至非LAG-3蛋白之抗體。較佳地,抗體以「高親和力」結合至人類LAG-3蛋白,亦即KD
為1 × 10-7
M或更小、更佳地1 × 10-8
M或更小、更佳地5 × 10-9
M或更小、更佳地1 × 10-9
M或更小。
本文所用之術語「不實質性結合」至蛋白質或細胞意指不結合或不以高親和力結合至蛋白質或細胞,亦即以以下KD
結合至蛋白質或細胞:1 × 10-6
M或更高、更佳地1 × 10-5
M或更高、更佳地1 × 10-4
M或更高、更佳地1 × 10-3
M或更高、甚至更佳地1 × 10-2
M或更高。
本文所用之術語「Kassoc
」或「Ka
」意欲係指特定抗體-抗原相互作用之締合速率,而本文所用之術語「Kdis
」或「Kd
」意欲係指特定抗體-抗原相互作用之解離速率。本文所用之術語「KD
」意欲係指解離常數,其係自Kd
對Ka
之比率(亦即Kd
/Ka
)獲得且表示為莫耳濃度(M)。可使用業內充分確立之方法測定抗體之KD
值。測定抗體之KD
之較佳方法係藉由使用表面電漿共振,較佳地使用生物感測器系統(例如Biacore ®
系統)。
術語IgG抗體之「高親和力」係指抗體對於靶抗原具有以下KD
:1 × 10-7
M或更小、更佳地5 × 10-8
M或更小、甚至更佳地1 × 10-8
M或更小、甚至更佳地5 × 10-9
M或更小及甚至更佳地1 × 10-9
M或更小。然而,對於其他抗體同種型而言,「高親和力」結合可有所變化。舉例而言,IgM同種型之「高親和力」結合係指抗體具有10-6
M或更小、更佳地10-7
M或更小、甚至更佳地10-8
M或更小之KD
。
術語「去醯胺化」係指自發性發生於蛋白質(例如抗體)中之化學降解過程。去醯胺化自胺基酸殘基(例如天門冬醯胺酸及麩醯胺酸)去除醯胺官能基,由此損害了其含有醯胺之側鏈。具體而言,天門冬醯胺酸之側鏈攻擊毗鄰肽基團,從而形成對稱琥珀醯亞胺中間體。中間體之對稱性會得到兩種水解產物,即天門冬胺酸鹽或異天門冬胺酸鹽。類似反應亦可發生於天門冬胺酸鹽側鏈中,從而使得部分轉化成異天門冬胺酸鹽。在麩醯胺酸之情形下,去醯胺化速率通常為天門冬醯胺酸之十分之一,然而,機制基本相同,從而僅需水分子即可進行反應。
術語「個體」包含任一人類或非人類動物。術語「非人類動物」包含所有脊椎動物,例如哺乳動物及非哺乳動物,例如非人類靈長類動物、綿羊、狗、貓、牛、馬、雞、兩棲動物及爬行動物,但哺乳動物較佳,例如非人類靈長類動物、綿羊、狗、貓、牛及馬。
本發明之各個態樣進一步詳細闡述於下列分段中。具有增加之穩定性及有利功能性質之抗 LAG-3 抗體
本發明抗體特異性結合至人類LAG-3且與先前所闡述抗LAG-3抗體相比、特定而言與抗體25F7 (LAG3.1)相比具有最佳化穩定性。此最佳化包含減小之去醯胺化(例如增加之化學穩定性)及增加之熱再摺疊(例如增加之物理穩定性),同時仍保留對人類LAG-3之高親和力結合。
業內已知鑑別去醯胺化位點之方法(例如參見離子交換、反相及疏水性相互作用層析及蛋白水解消化之肽圖譜法(LC-MS))。量測物理穩定性之適宜分析包含(例如)熔點分析及/或在變性後再摺疊抗體結構(例如如(例如)實例3第3部分中所闡述之可逆性百分比)。
可使用一或多種亦在業內充分確立之技術評價人類LAG-3結合。舉例而言,可藉由流式細胞術分析來測試抗體,其中使抗體與表現人類LAG-3之細胞系(例如經轉染以在細胞表面上表現LAG-3 (例如人類LAG-3或猴LAG-3 (例如恒河猴或獼猴)或小鼠LAG-3)之CHO細胞)進行反應。用於流式細胞術分析之其他適宜細胞包含抗CD3刺激之CD4+
活化T細胞,其表現原始LAG-3。另外或另一選擇為,可在BIAcore分析中測試抗體結合(包含結合動力學(例如KD
值))。其他適宜結合分析包含(例如)使用重組LAG-3蛋白之ELISA分析。
本發明抗體較佳地以以下KD
結合至人類LAG-3蛋白:1 × 10-7
M或更小及更佳地1 × 10-8
M或更小、5 × 10-9
M或更小或1 × 10-9
M或更小。
通常,抗體結合至淋巴組織(例如扁桃體、脾或胸腺)中之LAG-3,此可藉由免疫組織化學進行檢測。在一實施例中,抗體對垂體組織進行染色(例如保留於垂體中),如藉由免疫組織化學所量測。在另一實施例中,抗體不對垂體組織進行染色(亦即不保留於垂體中),如藉由免疫組織化學所量測。
其他功能性質包含與來自其他物種之LAG-3之交叉反應性。舉例而言,抗體可結合至猴LAG-3 (例如獼猴、恒河猴),但不實質性結合至來自小鼠LAG-3之LAG-3。較佳地,本發明抗體以高親和力結合至人類LAG-3。
其他功能性質包含抗體能夠刺激免疫反應,例如抗原特異性T細胞反應。此可(例如)藉由評價抗體刺激抗原特異性T細胞反應中之介白素-2 (IL-2)產生之能力進行測試。在某些實施例中,抗體結合至人類LAG-3且刺激抗原特異性T細胞反應。在其他實施例中,抗體結合至人類LAG-3但不刺激抗原特異性T細胞反應。用於評估抗體刺激免疫反應之能力之其他方式包含測試其(例如)在活體內腫瘤移植物模型中抑制腫瘤生長之能力(例如參見實例6)或刺激自體免疫反應之能力(例如促進自體免疫模型中之自體免疫疾病之發生之能力,例如促進NOD小鼠模型中之糖尿病之發生之能力)。
本發明之較佳抗體係人類單株抗體。另外或另一選擇為,抗體可為(例如)嵌合或人類化單株抗體。單株抗體 LAG3.5
本發明之較佳抗體係人類單株抗體LAG3.5,其結構及化學表徵如下文及下列實例中所闡述。LAG3.5之VH
胺基酸序列展示於SEQ ID NO: 12中(圖2A)。LAG3.5之VL
胺基酸序列展示於SEQ ID NO: 14中(圖2B)。
結合人類LAG-3之其他抗LAG-3抗體之VH
及VL
序列(或CDR序列)可與抗體LAG3.5之VH
及VL
序列(或CDR序列)「混合且匹配」。較佳地,在VH
及VL
鏈(或該等鏈內之CDR)混合且匹配時,使用結構類似之VH
序列代替來自特定VH
/VL
配對之VH
序列。同樣,較佳地,使用結構類似之VL
序列代替來自特定VH
/VL
配對之VL
序列。
因此,在一實施例中,本發明抗體或其抗原結合部分包括:
(a)包括胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO: 12之重鏈可變區(亦即LAG3.5之VH
);及
(b)包括胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO: 14之輕鏈可變區(亦即LAG3.5之VL
)或另一抗LAG3抗體(亦即其不同於LAG3.5)之VL
;
其中抗體特異性結合人類LAG-3。
在另一實施例中,本發明抗體或其抗原結合部分包括:
(a)包括胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO: 12之重鏈可變區之CDR1、CDR2及CDR3區(亦即分別為LAG3.5之CDR序列SEQ ID NO:15、16及17);及
(b)包括胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO: 14之輕鏈可變區之CDR1、CDR2及CDR3區(亦即分別為LAG3.5之CDR序列SEQ ID NO:18、19及20)或另一抗LAG3抗體(亦即其不同於LAG3.5)之CDR;
其中抗體特異性結合人類LAG-3。
在又一實施例中,抗體或其抗原結合部分包含與結合人類LAG-3之其他抗體之CDR (例如不同抗LAG-3抗體中來自重鏈可變區之CDR1及/或CDR3及/或來自輕鏈可變區之CDR1、CDR2及/或CDR3)組合之LAG3.5的重鏈可變CDR2區。
此外,在業內已眾所周知,CDR3結構域(獨立於CDR1及/或CDR2結構域)單獨即可決定抗體對於同源抗原之結合特異性,且可預測生成基於共同CDR3序列具有相同結合特異性之多種抗體。例如參見Klimka等人,British J. of Cancer 83(2)
:252-260 (2000);Beiboer等人,J. Mol. Biol. 296
:833-849 (2000);Rader等人,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95
:8910-8915 (1998);Barbas等人,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116
:2161-2162 (1994);Barbas等人,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92
:2529-2533 (1995);Ditzel等人,J. Immunol. 157
:739-749 (1996);Berezov等人,BIAjournal 8
:Scientific Review 8 (2001);Igarashi等人,J. Biochem (Tokyo) 117
:452-7 (1995); Bourgeois等人,J. Virol 72
:807-10 (1998);Levi等人,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90
:4374-8 (1993);Polymenis及Stoller,J. Immunol. 152
:5218-5329 (1994)以及Xu及Davis,Immunity 13
:37-45 (2000)。亦參見美國專利第6,951,646號、第6,914,128號、第6,090,382號、第6,818,216號、第6,156,313號、第6,827,925號、第5,833,943號、第5,762,905號及第5,760,185號。該等參考文獻中之每一者之全部內容以引用方式併入本文中。
因此,在另一實施例中,本發明抗體包含LAG3.5中重鏈可變區之CDR2及至少LAG3.5中重鏈及/或輕鏈可變區之CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17及/或20)或另一LAG-3抗體中重鏈及/或輕鏈可變區之CDR3,其中該抗體能夠特異性結合至人類LAG-3。該等抗體較佳地(a)競爭結合;(b)保留功能特性;(c)結合至相同表位;及/或(d)與LAG3.5具有類似結合親和力。在又一實施例中,抗體進一步可包含LAG3.5中輕鏈可變區之CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 17及/或20)或另一LAG-3抗體中輕鏈可變區之CDR2,其中該抗體能夠特異性結合至人類LAG-3。在另一實施例中,本發明抗體進一步可包含LAG3.5中重鏈及/或輕鏈可變區之CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 17及/或20)或另一LAG-3抗體中重鏈及/或輕鏈可變區之CDR1,其中該抗體能夠特異性結合至人類LAG-3。保守修飾
在另一實施例中,本發明抗體包括具有CDR1、CDR2及CDR3序列之重鏈及/或輕鏈可變區序列,其與LAG3.5之彼等序列之不同之處在於一或多種保守修飾。然而,在一較佳實施例中,VH
CDR2之殘基54及56分別保留為精胺酸及絲胺酸(亦即並未突變)。在業內應理解,可進行某些保守序列修飾,此不去除抗原結合。例如參見Brummell等人(1993)Biochem 32
:1180-8;de Wildt等人(1997)Prot. Eng. 10
:835-41;Komissarov等人(1997)J. Biol. Chem. 272
:26864-26870;Hall等人(1992)J. Immunol. 149
:1605-12;Kelley及O’Connell (1993)Biochem. 32
:6862-35;Adib-Conquy等人(1998)Int. Immunol. 10
:341-6及Beers等人(2000)Clin. Can. Res. 6
:2835-43。因此,在一實施例中,抗體包括含有CDR1、CDR2及CDR3序列之重鏈可變區及/或含有CDR1、CDR2及CDR3序列之輕鏈可變區,其中:
(a)重鏈可變區CDR1序列包括SEQ ID NO: 15及/或其保守修飾(54及56位除外);且/或
(b)重鏈可變區CDR3序列包括SEQ ID NO: 17及其保守修飾;且/或
(c)輕鏈可變區CDR1及/或CDR2及/或CDR3序列包括SEQ ID NO: 18及/或SEQ ID NO: 19及/或SEQ ID NO: 20及/或其保守修飾;且
(d)抗體特異性結合人類LAG-3。
另外或另一選擇為,抗體可擁有諸如下列上述功能性質中之一或多者:高親和力結合至人類LAG-3、結合至猴LAG-3、不結合至小鼠LAG-3、能夠抑制LAG-3與MHC II類分子之結合及/或能夠刺激抗原特異性T細胞反應。
在各種實施例中,抗體可為(例如)人類抗體、人類化抗體或嵌合抗體。
如本文中所使用,術語「保守序列修飾」意欲係指不顯著影響或改變含有胺基酸序列之抗體之結合特性之胺基酸修飾。該等保守修飾包含胺基酸取代、添加及缺失。可藉由業內已知之標準技術(例如定點突變誘發及PCR調介之突變誘發)將修飾引入本發明抗體中。保守胺基酸取代係使用具有類似側鏈之胺基酸殘基代替胺基酸殘基。業內已定義具有類似側鏈之胺基酸殘基之家族。該等家族包含具有以下側鏈之胺基酸:鹼性側鏈(例如離胺酸、精胺酸、組胺酸)、酸性側鏈(例如天門冬胺酸、麩胺酸)、不帶電極性側鏈(例如甘胺酸、天門冬醯胺酸、麩醯胺酸、絲胺酸、蘇胺酸、酪胺酸、半胱胺酸、色胺酸)、非極性側鏈(例如丙胺酸、纈胺酸、白胺酸、異白胺酸、脯胺酸、苯基丙胺酸、甲硫胺酸)、β-支鏈側鏈(例如蘇胺酸、纈胺酸、異白胺酸)及芳族側鏈(例如酪胺酸、苯基丙胺酸、色胺酸、組胺酸)。因此,本發明抗體之CDR區內之一或多個胺基酸殘基可經來自相同側鏈家族之其他胺基酸殘基代替,且可使用本文所闡述之功能分析測試經改變抗體之保留功能(亦即上述功能)。改造及修飾抗體
可使用具有LAG3.5之VH
及/或VL
序列中之一或多者之抗體作為起始材料來製備本發明抗體以改造修飾抗體。可藉由對一個或兩個可變區(亦即VH
及/或VL
)內(例如一或多個CDR區內及/或一或多個框架區內)之一或多種殘基進行修飾來改造抗體。另外或另一選擇為,可藉由對恆定區內之殘基進行修飾來改造抗體以(例如)改變抗體之效應子功能。
在某些實施例中,可使用CDR移植來改造抗體之可變區。抗體與靶抗原主要經由位於6個重鏈及輕鏈互補決定區(CDR)中之胺基酸殘基發生相互作用。出於此原因,CDR內之胺基酸序列較CDR外側之序列在個別抗體之間更為不同。因CDR序列負責大部分抗體-抗原相互作用,故可藉由構築包含來自特異性天然存在抗體(移植於來自具有不同性質之不同抗體之框架序列上)之CDR序列之表現載體來表現模仿特異性天然存在抗體之性質的重組抗體(例如參見Riechmann等人(1998)Nature 332
:323-327;Jones等人(1986)Nature 321
:522-525;Queen等人(1989)Proc. Natl. Acad. 參見 . U.S.A. 86
:10029-10033;美國專利第5,225,539號、第5,530,101號、第5,585,089號、第5,693,762號及第6,180,370號)。
因此,本發明之另一實施例係關於一種經分離單株抗體或其抗原結合部分,其包括重鏈可變區(包括分別包括SEQ ID NO: 15、16、17之CDR1、CDR2及CDR3序列)及/或輕鏈可變區(包括分別包括SEQ ID NO: 18、19、20之CDR1、CDR2及CDR3序列) (亦即LAG3.5之CDR)。儘管該等抗體含有單株抗體LAG3.5之VH
及VL
CDR序列,但其可含有不同框架序列。
該等框架序列可自包含種系抗體基因序列之公開DNA數據庫或公開參考文獻獲得。舉例而言,人類重鏈及輕鏈可變區基因之種系DNA序列可參見「VBase」人類種系序列數據庫(可在網際網路上於www.mrc-cpe.cam.ac.uk/vbase處獲得)以及Kabat等人(1991) (引用於上文中);Tomlinson等人(1992) 「The Repertoire of Human Germline VH
Sequences Reveals about Fifty Groups of VH
Segments with Different Hypervariable Loops」J. Mol. Biol
.227
:776-798;及Cox等人(1994) 「A Directory of Human Germ-line VH
Segments Reveals a Strong Bias in their Usage」Eur. J. Immunol
.24
:827-836;每一者之內容皆以引用方式明確併入本文中。根據另一實例,人類重鏈及輕鏈可變區基因之種系DNA序列可參見Genbank數據庫。舉例而言,在HCo7 HuMAb小鼠中發現之下列重鏈種系序列可以隨附Genbank登錄編號獲得:1-69 (NG_0010109、NT_024637及BC070333)、3-33 (NG_0010109及NT_024637)及3-7 (NG_0010109及NT_024637)。根據另一實例,在HCo12 HuMAb小鼠中發現之下列重鏈種系序列可以隨附Genbank登錄編號獲得:1-69 (NG_0010109、NT_024637及BC070333)、5-51 (NG_0010109及NT_024637)、4-34 (NG_0010109及NT_024637)、3-30.3 (CAJ556644)及3-23 (AJ406678)。
使用稱為Gapped BLAST (Altschul等人(1997),參見上文)且為彼等熟習此項技術者熟知之序列類似性搜尋方法之一來比較抗體蛋白序列與經編譯蛋白質序列數據庫。
用於本發明抗體之較佳框架序列係彼等在結構上類似於本發明所選抗體所使用之框架序列者(例如類似於本發明之較佳單株抗體所使用之VH
4-34框架序列及/或VK
L6框架序列)。可將VH
CDR1、CDR2及CDR3序列及VK
CDR1、CDR2及CDR3序列移植於與在衍生框架序列之種系免疫球蛋白基因中所發現序列具有相同序列之框架區上,或可將CDR序列移植於與種系序列相比含有一或多個突變之框架區上。舉例而言,已發現,在某些情況下,可有益地使框架區內之殘基發生突變以維持或增強抗體之抗原結合能力(例如參見美國專利第5,530,101號、第5,585,089號、第5,693,762號及第6,180,370號)。
另一類型之可變區修飾係使VH
及/或VL
CDR1、CDR2及/或CDR3區內之胺基酸殘基發生突變以由此改良所關注抗體之一或多種結合性質(例如親和力)。可實施定點突變誘發或PCR調介之突變誘發以引入突變,且可在活體外或活體內分析(如本文所闡述且提供於實例中)中評估對於抗體結合或所關注其他功能性質之效應。較佳地,引入保守修飾(如上文所論述)。突變可為胺基酸取代、添加或缺失,但較佳地係取代。另外,通常,改變CDR區內之不超過一種、兩種、三種、四種或五種殘基。
因此,在另一實施例中,本發明提供經分離抗LAG-3單株抗體或其抗原結合部分,其包括含有以下之重鏈可變區:(a) VH
CDR1區,其包括SEQ ID NO: 15或與SEQ ID NO: 15相比具有一種、兩種、三種、四種或五種胺基酸取代、缺失或添加之胺基酸序列;(b) VH
CDR2區,其包括SEQ ID NO: 16或與SEQ ID NO: 16相比具有一種、兩種、三種、四種或五種胺基酸取代、缺失或添加之胺基酸序列(較佳地其中54及56位與SEQ ID NO:16相同);(c) VH
CDR3區,其包括SEQ ID NO: 17或與SEQ ID NO: 17相比具有一種、兩種、三種、四種或五種胺基酸取代、缺失或添加之胺基酸序列;(d) VL
CDR1區,其包括SEQ ID NO: 18或與SEQ ID NO: 18相比具有一種、兩種、三種、四種或五種胺基酸取代、缺失或添加之胺基酸序列;(e) VL
CDR2區,其包括SEQ ID NO: 19或與SEQ ID NO: 19相比具有一種、兩種、三種、四種或五種胺基酸取代、缺失或添加之胺基酸序列;及(f) VL
CDR3區,其包括SEQ ID NO: 20或與SEQ ID NO: 20相比具有一種、兩種、三種、四種或五種胺基酸取代、缺失或添加之胺基酸序列。
本發明之經改良抗體包含彼等已對VH
及/或VL
內之框架殘基實施修飾以(例如)改良抗體性質者。通常,實施該等框架修飾以降低抗體之免疫原性。舉例而言,一種方式係將一或多種框架殘基「回復突變」至相應種系序列。更具體而言,發生體細胞突變之抗體可含有與衍生抗體之種系序列不同之框架殘基。可藉由比較抗體框架序列與衍生抗體之種系序列來鑑別該等殘基。
另一類型之框架修飾涉及使框架區內或甚至一或多個CDR區內之一或多種殘基發生突變以去除T細胞表位,由此減小抗體之潛在免疫原性。此方式亦稱為「去免疫化」且進一步詳細闡述於美國專利公開案第20030153043號中。
此外或作為框架或CDR區內之修飾之替代方式,可改造本發明抗體以包含Fc區內之修飾,從而通常改變抗體之一或多種功能性質,例如血清半衰期、補體固定、Fc受體結合及/或抗原依賴性細胞毒性。另外,可以化學方式對本發明抗體實施修飾(例如可將一或多個化學部分附接至抗體)或經修飾以改變其糖基化以(同樣)改變抗體之一或多種功能性質。該等實施例中之每一者進一步詳細闡述於下文中。Fc區中之殘基編號係Kabat之EU索引中之編號。
在一較佳實施例中,抗體係IgG4同種型抗體,其在重鏈恆定區之鉸鏈區中對應於228位之位置處包括絲胺酸至脯胺酸突變(S228P;EU索引)。已報導,此突變可廢止鉸鏈區中之重鏈間雙硫橋之異質性(Angal等人,參見上文;241位係基於Kabat編號系統)。
在一實施例中,對CH1之鉸鏈區實施修飾,從而改變(例如增加或降低)鉸鏈區中之半胱胺酸殘基之數量。此方式進一步闡述於美國專利第5,677,425號中。改變CH1之鉸鏈區中半胱胺酸殘基之數量以(例如)促進輕鏈及重鏈之裝配或增加或降低抗體之穩定性。
在另一實施例中,使抗體之Fc鉸鏈區發生突變以降低抗體之生物半衰期。更具體而言,將一或多種胺基酸突變引入Fc鉸鏈片段之CH2-CH3結構域界面區中,從而抗體相對於原始Fc鉸鏈結構域葡萄球菌蛋白蛋白A (SpA)結合具有損壞之SpA結合。此方式進一步詳細闡述於美國專利第6,165,745號中。
在另一實施例中,對抗體實施修飾以增加其生物半衰期。各種方式皆係可能的。舉例而言,可引入下列突變中之一或多者:T252L、T254S、T256F,如美國專利第6,277,375號中所闡述。另一選擇為,為增加生物半衰期,抗體可在CH1或CL區內發生改變以含有自IgG之Fc區中CH2結構域之兩個環獲取之補救受體結合表位,如美國專利第5,869,046號及第6,121,022號中所闡述。
在其他實施例中,藉由使用不同胺基酸殘基代替至少一種胺基酸殘基來改變Fc區以改變抗體之效應子功能。舉例而言,可使用不同胺基酸殘基代替一或多種選自胺基酸殘基234、235、236、237、297、318、320及322之胺基酸,從而抗體對效應子配體具有改變之親和力但保留親代抗體之抗原結合能力。親和力發生改變之效應子配體可為(例如)Fc受體或補體之C1組份。此方式進一步詳細闡述於美國專利第5,624,821號及第5,648,260號中。
在另一實例中,可使用不同胺基酸殘基代替一或多種選自胺基酸殘基329、331及322之胺基酸,從而抗體具有改變之C1q結合及/或減小或廢止之補體依賴性細胞毒性(CDC)。此方式進一步詳細闡述於美國專利第6,194,551號中。
在另一實例中,改變231及239位胺基酸內之一或多種胺基酸殘基以由此改變抗體固定補體之能力。此方式進一步闡述於PCT公開案WO 94/29351中。
在又一實例中,藉由對下列位置處之一或多種胺基酸進行修飾來對Fc區實施修飾以增加抗體調介抗體依賴性細胞毒性(ADCC)之能力及/或增加抗體對Fcγ受體之親和力:238、239、248、249、252、254、255、256、258、265、267、268、269、270、272、276、278、280、283、285、286、289、290、292、293、294、295、296、298、301、303、305、307、309、312、315、320、322、324、326、327、329、330、331、333、334、335、337、338、340、360、373、376、378、382、388、389、398、414、416、419、430、434、435、437、438或439。此方式進一步闡述於PCT公開案WO 00/42072中。另外,已定位人類IgG1對FcγR1、FcγRII、FcγRIII及FcRn之結合位點且已闡述具有改良結合之變體(參見Shields等人(2001)J. Biol. Chem
.276
:6591-6604). 256、290、298、333、334及339位處之特異性突變已展示可改良至FcγRIII之結合。另外,下列組合突變體展示可改良FcγRIII結合:T256A/S298A、S298A/E333A、S298A/K224A及S298A/E333A/K334A。
在再一實施例中,對抗體之糖基化實施修飾。舉例而言,可製備無糖基化抗體(亦即抗體並未糖基化)。可改變糖基化以(例如)增加抗體對抗原之親和力。可藉由(例如)改變抗體序列內之一或多個糖基化位點來達成該等碳水化合物修飾。舉例而言,可實施一或多種胺基酸取代以消除一或多個可變區框架糖基化位點,由此消除該位點處之糖基化。該無糖基化可增加抗體對抗原之親和力。例如參見美國專利第5,714,350號及第6,350,861號。
另外或另一選擇為,可製備具有改變類型之糖基化之抗體,例如具有減小量岩藻糖基殘基之低岩藻糖化抗體或具有增加之等分GlcNac結構之抗體。該改變之糖基化方案已顯示可增加抗體之ADCC能力。可藉由(例如)在具有改變之糖基化方式之宿主細胞中表現抗體來達成該等碳水化合物修飾。具有改變之糖基化方式之細胞已在業內闡述,且可用作表現本發明之重組抗體以由此產生具有改變之糖基化之抗體的宿主細胞。舉例而言,細胞系Ms704、Ms705及Ms709缺乏岩藻糖基轉移酶基因FUT8 (α (1,6)-岩藻糖基轉移酶),從而表現於Ms704、Ms705及Ms709細胞系中之抗體在其碳水化合物上缺乏岩藻糖。藉由使用兩種代替載體靶向破壞CHO/DG44細胞中之FUT8基因來產生Ms704、Ms705及Ms709 FUT8-/-
細胞系(參見美國專利公開案第20040110704號及Yamane-Ohnuki等人(2004)Biotechnol Bioeng 87
:614-22)。根據另一實例,EP 1,176,195闡述具有編碼岩藻糖基轉移酶之功能斷裂之FUT8基因之細胞系,從而表現於此一細胞系中之抗體藉由減小或消除α-1,6鍵相關酶來展現低岩藻糖化。EP 1,176,195亦闡述具有向結合至抗體Fc區之N-乙醯葡糖胺添加岩藻糖之低酶活性或不具有該酶活性之細胞系,例如大鼠骨髓瘤細胞系YB2/0 (ATCC CRL 1662)。PCT公開案WO 03/035835闡述CHO細胞系變體Lec13細胞,其中使岩藻糖附接至Asn(297)-連接碳水化合物之能力有所減小,從而亦導致表現於該宿主細胞中之抗體發生低岩藻糖化(亦參見Shields等人(2002)J. Biol. Chem
.277
:26733-26740)。具有修飾糖基化特徵之抗體亦可產生於雞蛋中,如PCT公開案WO 06/089231中所闡述。另一選擇為,具有修飾糖基化特徵之抗體可產生於植物細胞(例如青萍(Lemna
))中。在植物系統中產生抗體之方法揭示於對應於Alston及Bird LLP代理檔案號:040989/314911之2006年8月11日提出申請之美國專利申請案中。PCT公開案WO 99/54342闡述經改造以表現糖蛋白修飾羰基轉移酶(例如β(1,4)-N-乙醯胺基葡萄糖轉移酶III (GnTIII))之細胞系,從而表現於改造細胞系中之抗體展現增加之等分GlcNac結構,此使得可增加抗體之ADCC活性(亦參見Umana等人(1999)Nat. Biotech
.17
:176-180)。另一選擇為,可使用岩藻糖苷酶切除抗體之岩藻糖殘基;舉例而言,岩藻糖苷酶α-L-岩藻糖苷酶自抗體去除岩藻糖基殘基(Tarentino等人(1975)Biochem
.14
:5516-23)。
本揭示內容所涵蓋之另一本文抗體修飾係聚乙二醇化。可對抗體實施聚乙二醇化以(例如)增加抗體之生物(例如血清)半衰期。為將抗體乙二醇化,通常使抗體或其片段與聚乙二醇(PEG) (例如PEG之反應性酯或醛衍生物)在一或多個PEG基團附接至抗體或抗體片段之條件下發生反應。較佳地,經由使用反應性PEG分子(或類似反應性水溶性聚合物)進行醯化反應或烷基化反應來實施聚乙二醇化。如本文中所使用,術語「聚乙二醇」意欲涵蓋已用於衍生其他蛋白質之PEG之任一形式,例如單(C1-C10)烷氧基-或芳氧基聚乙二醇或聚乙二醇-馬來醯亞胺。在某些實施例中,擬聚乙二醇化之抗體係無糖基化
抗體。業內已知使蛋白質聚乙二醇化之方法且可應用於本發明抗體。例如參見EP 0 154 316及EP 0 401 384。抗體物理性質
可藉由各種物理性質來描述本發明抗體,從而檢測及/或區分其不同種類。
舉例而言,抗體可在輕鏈或重鏈可變區中含有一或多個糖基化位點。該等糖基化位點可使得增加抗體之免疫原性或改變抗體之pK (因抗原結合有所改變) (Marshall等人(1972)Annu Rev Biochem 41
:673-702;Gala及Morrison (2004)J Immunol 172
:5489-94;Wallick等人(1988)J Exp Med 168
:1099-109;Spiro (2002)Glycobiology 12
:43R-56R;Parekh等人(1985)Nature 316
:452-7;Mimura等人(2000)Mol Immunol 37
:697-706)。已知糖基化發生於含有N-X-S/T序列之基序處。在一些情況下,較佳地,抗LAG-3抗體不含有可變區糖基化。此可藉由選擇在可變區中不含有糖基化基序之抗體或藉由使糖基化區內之殘基發生突變來達成。
在一較佳實施例中,抗體不含有天門冬醯胺酸異構位點。天門冬醯胺酸之去醯胺化可發生於N-G或D-G序列上且使得產生異天門冬胺酸殘基,該異天門冬胺酸殘基在多肽鏈中引入紐結並降低其穩定性(異天門冬胺酸效應)。
每一抗體皆具有獨特等電點(pI),其通常在介於6與9.5之間之pH範圍內。IgG1抗體之pI通常在7-9.5之pH範圍內且IgG4抗體之pI通常在6-8之pH範圍內。據推測,pI在正常範圍以外之抗體可在活體內條件下具有一定伸展及不穩定性。因此,較佳地,抗LAG-3抗體含有在正常範圍內之pI值。此可藉由選擇pI在正常範圍內之抗體或藉由使帶電表面殘基發生突變來達成。編碼本發明抗體之核酸分子
在另一態樣中,本發明提供編碼本發明抗體之重鏈及/或輕鏈可變區或CDR之核酸分子。核酸可存在於全細胞、細胞裂解物或部分純化或實質性純形式中。在藉由標準技術(包含鹼性/SDS處理、CsCl顯帶、管柱層析、瓊脂糖凝膠電泳及業內熟知之其他技術)自其他細胞組份或其他污染物(例如其他細胞核酸或蛋白質)純化時,核酸係「經分離」或「達成實質性純」之核酸。參見Ausubel等人編輯,(1987) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing and Wiley Interscience, New York。本發明核酸可為(例如)DNA或RNA且可或可不含有內含子序列。在一較佳實施例中,核酸係cDNA分子。
可使用標準分子生物學技術獲得本發明核酸。對於由雜交瘤(例如自攜載人類免疫球蛋白基因之轉基因小鼠製得之雜交瘤,如下文進一步所闡述)表現之抗體而言,可藉由標準PCR擴增或cDNA選殖技術獲得編碼由該雜交瘤製得之抗體之輕鏈及重鏈之cDNA。對於自免疫球蛋白基因文庫獲得之抗體而言(例如使用噬菌體顯示技術),可自基因文庫回收編碼該等抗體之核酸。
本發明之較佳核酸分子包含彼等編碼LAG3.5單株抗體之VH
及VL
序列(分別為SEQ ID NO: 12及14)或CDR者。在獲得編碼VH
及VL
區段之DNA片段後,可進一步藉由標準重組DNA技術處理該等DNA片段以(例如)將可變區基因轉化成全長抗體鏈基因、Fab片段基因或scFv基因。在該等處理中,編碼VL
或VH
之DNA片段可操作連接至編碼另一蛋白質(例如抗體恆定區或撓性連接體)之另一DNA片段。此背景中所用之術語「可操作連接」意欲意指連結兩個DNA片段,從而由兩個DNA片段編碼之胺基酸序列保留於框內。
可藉由使編碼VH之DNA可操作連接至另一編碼重鏈恆定區(CH1、CH2及CH3)之DNA分子來將編碼VH
區之經分離DNA轉化成全長重鏈基因。業內已知人類重鏈恆定區基因之序列(例如參見Kabat等人(1991),參見上文)且可藉由標準PCR擴增獲得涵蓋該等區之DNA片段。重鏈恆定區可為IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA、IgE、IgM或IgD恆定區,但最佳地係IgG1或IgG4恆定區。對於Fab片段重鏈基因而言,可將編碼VH
之DNA可操作連接至另一僅編碼重鏈CH1恆定區之DNA分子。
可藉由使編碼VL
之DNA可操作連接至另一編碼輕鏈恆定區CL之DNA分子來將編碼VL
區之經分離DNA轉化成全長輕鏈基因(以及Fab輕鏈基因)。業內已知人類輕鏈恆定區基因之序列(例如參見Kabat等人之參考文獻,參見上文)且可藉由標準PCR擴增獲得涵蓋該等區之DNA片段。在較佳實施例中,輕鏈恆定區可為κ或λ恆定區。
為產生scFv基因,將編碼VH
及VL
之DNA片段可操作連接至另一編碼撓性連接體(例如編碼胺基酸序列(Gly4
-Ser)3
(SEQ ID NO: 28))之片段,從而VH
及VL
序列可表現為鄰接單鏈蛋白,其中VL
區及VH
區由撓性連接體連結(例如參見Bird等人(1988)Science 242
:423-426;Huston等人(1988)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85
:5879-5883;McCafferty等人,(1990)Nature 348
:552-554)。本發明之單株抗體之產生
可使用Kohler及Milstein (1975)Nature 256
: 495中之熟知體細胞雜交(雜交瘤)技術產生本發明之單株抗體(mAb)。產生單株抗體之其他實施例包含B淋巴球之病毒或致癌性轉變及噬菌體顯示技術。嵌合或人類化抗體亦在業內眾所周知。例如參見美國專利第4,816,567號、第5,225,539號、第5,530,101號、第5,585,089號、第5,693,762號及第6,180,370號,其內容之全部內容以引用方式明確併入本文中。
在一較佳實施例中,本發明抗體係人類單株抗體。可使用攜載人類免疫系統而非小鼠系統之部分之轉基因或轉染色體小鼠來生成該等針對人類LAG-3之人類單株抗體。該等轉基因及轉染色體小鼠包含在本文中分別稱為HuMAb小鼠 ®
及KM小鼠 ®
之小鼠,且在本文中統稱為「人類Ig小鼠」。
HuMAb小鼠 ®
(Medarex ®
公司)含有人類免疫球蛋白基因微衛星基因座(其編碼未經重組之人類重(μ及γ)及κ輕鏈免疫球蛋白序列)以及靶向突變(其鈍化內源性μ及κ鏈基因座)(例如參見Lonberg等人(1994)Nature 368
(6474): 856-859)。因此,小鼠展現減小之小鼠IgM或κ表現,且因應於免疫所引入人類重鏈及輕鏈轉基因發生種類轉換及體細胞突變以生成高親和力人類IgGκ單株抗體(Lonberg等人(1994),參見上文;參見Lonberg (1994)Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 113
:49-101;Lonberg, N.及Huszar, D. (1995)Intern. Rev. Immunol
.13
: 65-93以及Harding及Lonberg (1995)Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci
.764
:536-546)。HuMAb小鼠 ®
之製備及應用及由該等小鼠攜載之基因組修飾進一步闡述於以下參考文獻中:Taylor等人(1992)Nucleic Acids Research 20
:6287-6295;Chen等人(1993)International Immunology 5
: 647-656;Tuaillon等人(1993)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90
:3720-3724;Choi等人(1993)Nature Genetics 4
:117-123;Chen等人(1993)EMBO J
.12
: 821-830;Tuaillon等人(1994)J. Immunol
.152
:2912-2920;Taylor等人(1994)International Immunology 6
: 579-591;及Fishwild等人(1996)Nature Biotechnology 14
: 845-851,其內容之全部內容皆以引用方式明確併入本文中。進一步參見美國專利第5,545,806號、第5,569,825號、第5,625,126號、第5,633,425號、第5,789,650號、第5,877,397號、第5,661,016號、第5,814,318號、第5,874,299號、第5,770,429號及第5,545,807號、PCT公開案第WO 92/03918號、第WO 93/12227號、第WO 94/25585號、第WO 97/13852號、第WO 98/24884號、第WO 99/45962號及第WO 01/14424號,其內容之全部內容以引用方式併入本文中。
在另一實施例中,可使用在轉基因及轉染色體上攜載人類免疫球蛋白序列之小鼠(例如攜載人類重鏈轉基因及人類輕鏈轉染色體之小鼠)來產生本發明之人類抗體。此小鼠在本文中稱為「KM小鼠®
」,且詳細闡述於PCT公開案WO 02/43478中。此小鼠之修飾形式(其進一步包括內源性FcγRIIB受體基因之純合性破壞)亦闡述於PCT公開案WO 02/43478中且在本文中稱為「KM/FCGR2D小鼠®
」。此外,可使用具有HCo7或Co12重鏈轉基因或二者之小鼠。
其他轉基因動物實施例包含Xenomouse (Abgenix公司,美國專利第5,939,598號、第6,075,181號、第6,114,598號、第6,150,584號及第6,162,963號)。其他實施例包含「TC小鼠」 (Tomizuka等人(2000)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97
:722-727)及攜載人類重鏈及輕鏈轉染色體之牛(Kuroiwa等人(2002)Nature Biotechnology 20
:889-894;PCT公開案WO 02/092812)。該等專利及公開案之內容之全部內容皆以引用方式明確併入本文中。
在一實施例中,使用用於篩選人類免疫球蛋白基因文庫之噬菌體顯示方法來製備本發明之人類單株抗體。例如參見美國專利第5,223,409號、第5,403,484號、第5,571,698號、第5,427,908號、第5,580,717號、第5,969,108號、第6,172,197號、第5,885,793號、第6,521,404號、第6,544,731號、第6,555,313號、第6,582,915號及第6,593,081號,其內容之全部內容以引用方式併入本文中。
本發明之人類單株抗體亦可使用SCID小鼠來製備,其中人類免疫細胞已經重構以便可在實施免疫後生成人類抗體反應。例如參見美國專利第5,476,996號及第5,698,767號,其內容之全部內容以引用方式併入本文中。
在另一實施例中,使用噬菌體顯示來製備人類抗LAG-3抗體,其中噬菌體包括編碼在先前使用LAG-3免疫之轉基因動物中所生成抗體之核酸。在一較佳實施例中,轉基因動物係HuMab、KM或Kirin小鼠。例如參見美國專利第6,794,132號,其內容之全部內容以引用方式併入本文中。人類 Ig 小鼠之免疫
在本發明之一實施例中,使用LAG-3抗原之純化或富集製劑、重組LAG-3蛋白或表現LAG-3蛋白之細胞對人類Ig小鼠實施免疫。
例如參見Lonberg等人(1994),參見上文;Fishwild等人(1996),參見上文;PCT公開案WO 98/24884或WO 01/14424,其內容之全部內容皆以引用方式併入本文中。在一較佳實施例中,使用5-50 µg LAG-3蛋白對6-16週齡小鼠實施免疫。另一選擇為,使用融合至非LAG-3多肽之一部分LAG-3。
在一實施例中,在腹膜腔內(IP)或靜脈內(IV)使用存於完全弗羅因德氏佐劑(complete Freund's adjuvant)中之LAG-3抗原對轉基因小鼠實施免疫,隨後使用存於不完全弗羅因德氏佐劑(incomplete Freund's adjuvant)中之抗原實施IP或IV免疫。在其他實施例中,使用除弗羅因德氏佐劑外之佐劑或在不存在佐劑下之全細胞。可藉由ELISA篩選血漿且可使用來自小鼠之具有足夠抗LAG-3人類免疫球蛋白效價之細胞進行融合。產生本發明之人類單株抗體之雜交瘤之生成
為生成產生本發明之人類單株抗體之雜交瘤,可分離來自經免疫小鼠之脾細胞及/或淋巴結細胞且融合至適當永生細胞系(例如小鼠黑素瘤細胞系)。可篩選所得雜交瘤以用於產生抗原特異性抗體。雜交瘤之生成在業內已眾所周知。例如參見Harlow及Lane (1988)Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual
, 冷Spring Harbor Publications, New York。產生本發明之單株抗體之轉染瘤生成
亦可在宿主細胞轉染瘤中使用(例如)業內熟知之重組DNA技術及基因轉染方法之組合來產生本發明抗體(例如Morrison, S. (1985)Science 229
:1202)。在一實施例中,將藉由標準分子生物技術獲得之編碼部分或全長輕鏈及重鏈之DNA插入一或多種表現載體中,從而基因可操作連接至轉錄及轉譯調控序列。在此背景中,術語「可操作連接」意欲意指使抗體基因接合至載體以便該載體內之轉錄及轉譯控制序列發揮其調控抗體基因之轉錄及轉譯之預期功能。
術語「調控序列」意欲包含控制抗體鏈基因轉錄或轉譯之啟動子、增強子及其他表現控制元件(例如聚腺苷酸化信號)。該等調控序列闡述於(例如)Goeddel (Gene Expression Technology. Methods in Enzymology 185, Academic Press, San Diego, CA (1990))中。用於哺乳動物宿主細胞表現之較佳調控序列包含在哺乳動物細胞中引導高蛋白質表現程度之病毒元件,例如衍生自巨細胞病毒(CMV)、猿病毒40 (SV40)、腺病毒(例如腺病毒主要晚期啟動子(AdMLP))及多瘤之啟動子及/或增強子。另一選擇為,可使用非病毒調控序列,例如泛素啟動子或β-球蛋白啟動子。另外,調控元件係由來自不同來源之序列構成,例如SRα啟動子系統,其含有來自SV40早期啟動子及1型人類T細胞白血病病毒之長末端重複單元之序列(Takebe等人(1988)Mol. Cell. Biol
.8
:466-472)。所選表現載體及表現控制序列應與所用表現宿主細胞相容。
可將抗體輕鏈基因及抗體重鏈基因插入相同或單獨表現載體中。在較佳實施例中,使用可變區藉由以下方式產生任一抗體同種型之全長抗體基因:將其插入已編碼期望同種型之重鏈恆定區及輕鏈恆定區之表現載體中,從而VH
區段可操作連接至載體內之CH
區段且VL
區段可操作連接至載體內之CL
區段。另外或另一選擇為,重組表現載體可編碼促進宿主細胞分泌抗體鏈之信號肽。可將抗體鏈基因選殖至載體中,從而信號肽框內連接至抗體鏈基因之胺基末端。信號肽可為免疫球蛋白信號肽或異源信號肽(亦即來自非免疫球蛋白之信號肽)。
除抗體鏈基因及調控序列外,本發明之重組表現載體可攜載其他序列,例如調控宿主細胞中之載體複製之序列(例如複製源)及可選標記物基因。可選標記物基因促進了引入載體之宿主細胞之選擇(例如參見美國專利第4,399,216號、第4,634,665號及第5,179,017號)。舉例而言,可選標記物基因通常賦予已引入載體之宿主細胞對藥物(例如G418、潮黴素(hygromycin)或胺甲蝶呤(methotrexate))之抗性。適宜可選標記物基因包含二氫葉酸還原酶(DHFR)基因(用於經胺甲蝶呤選擇/擴增之dhfr-宿主細胞)及neo基因(用於G418選擇)。
為表現輕鏈及重鏈,藉由標準技術將編碼重鏈及輕鏈之表現載體轉染至宿主細胞中。術語「轉染」之各種形式意欲涵蓋眾多種通常用於將外源性DNA引入原核或真核宿主細胞中之技術,例如電穿孔、磷酸鈣沈澱、DEAE-右旋糖酐轉染及諸如此類。儘管理論上可在原核或真核宿主細胞中表現本發明抗體,但在真核細胞及最佳地哺乳動物宿主細胞中表現抗體最佳,此乃因該等真核細胞且特定而言哺乳動物細胞比原核細胞更有可能裝配並分泌經適當摺疊且具有免疫活性之抗體。
用於表現本發明之重組抗體之較佳哺乳動物宿主細胞包含中國倉鼠卵巢(Chinese Hamster Ovary) (CHO細胞) (包含dhfr-
CHO細胞,闡述於Urlaub及Chasin, (1980)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:
4216-4220中且與DHFR可選標記物(例如,如R. J. Kaufman及P. A. Sharp (1982)J. Mol. Biol
.159
:601-621中所闡述)一起使用)、NSO黑素瘤細胞、COS細胞及SP2細胞。特定而言,為與NSO黑素瘤細胞一起使用,另一較佳表現系統係揭示於WO 87/04462、WO 89/01036及EP 338,841中之GS基因表現系統。在將編碼抗體基因之重組表現載體引入哺乳動物宿主細胞中時,藉由將宿主細胞培養一定時間段以足以在宿主細胞中表現抗體或更佳地將抗體分泌至生長宿主細胞之培養基中來產生抗體。可使用標準蛋白質純化方法自培養基回收抗體。免疫偶聯物
可將本發明抗體偶聯至治療劑以形成免疫偶聯物,例如抗體-藥物偶聯物(ADC)。適宜治療劑包含抗代謝物、烷基化劑、DNA小溝黏合劑、DNA嵌入劑、DNA交聯劑、組蛋白去乙醯基酶抑制劑、核出口抑制劑、蛋白酶體抑制劑、拓撲異構酶I或II抑制劑、熱激蛋白抑制劑、酪胺酸激酶抑制劑、抗生素及抗有絲分裂劑。在ADC中,抗體及治療劑較佳地經由可裂解連接體(例如肽基、二硫化物或腙連接體)進行偶聯。更佳地,連接體係肽基連接體,例如Val-Cit、Ala-Val、Val-Ala-Val、Lys-Lys、Pro-Val-Gly-Val-Val (SEQ ID NO: 39)、Ala-Asn-Val、Val-Leu-Lys、Ala-Ala-Asn、Cit-Cit、Val-Lys、Lys、Cit、Ser或Glu。可如以下案件中所闡述來製備ADC:美國專利第7,087,600號、第6,989,452號及第7,129,261號、PCT公開案WO 02/096910、WO 07/038658、WO 07/051081、WO 07/059404、WO 08/083312及WO 08/103693、美國專利公開案20060024317、20060004081及20060247295;其揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。雙特異性分子
在另一態樣中,本揭示內容描述雙特異性分子,其包括一或多種連接至至少一種其他功能分子(例如另一肽或蛋白質(例如用於受體之另一抗體或配體))以生成結合至至少兩種不同結合位點或靶分子之雙特異性分子之本發明抗體。因此,如本文所使用,「雙特異性分子」包含具有三種或更多種特異性之分子。在一較佳實施例中,雙特異性分子包括用於LAG-3之第一結合特異性及用於觸發分子(其募集可殺傷表現LAG-3之靶細胞之細胞毒性效應子細胞)之第二結合特異性。適宜觸發分子之實例係CD64、CD89、CD16及CD3。例如參見Kufer等人,TRENDS in Biotechnology
, 22 (5), 238-244 (2004)。
在一實施例中,除抗Fc結合特異性及抗LAG-3結合特異性外,雙特異性分子具有第三特異性。第三特異性可針對抗增強因子(EF),例如結合至涉及細胞毒性活性之表面蛋白且由此增加對靶細胞之免疫反應之分子。舉例而言,抗增強因子可結合細胞毒性T細胞(例如經由CD2、CD3、CD8、CD28、CD4、CD40或ICAM-1)或其他免疫細胞,從而增加對靶細胞之免疫反應。
雙特異性分子可具有許多不同格式及大小。在大小譜之一端,雙特異性分子保留傳統抗體格式,只是其具有兩個各自具有不同特異性之結合臂而非具有兩個具有相同特異性之結合臂。在另一端係由藉由肽鏈連接之兩個單鏈抗體片段(scFv)組成之雙特異性分子,亦即所謂的Bs(scFv)2
構築體。中間大小之雙特異性分子包含兩個由肽基連接體連接之不同F(ab)片段。可藉由基因工程、體細胞雜交或化學方法來製備該等及其他格式之雙特異性分子。例如參見Kufer等人,參見上文所引用;Cao及Suresh,Bioconjugate Chemistry
, 9 (6), 635-644 (1998);及van Spriel等人,Immunology Today
, 21 (8), 391-397 (2000)及其中所引用之參考文獻。醫藥組合物
在另一態樣中,本揭示內容提供一種醫藥組合物,其包括一或多種與醫藥上可接受之載劑一起調配之本發明抗體。組合物可視情況含有一或多種其他醫藥活性成份,例如另一抗體或藥物。本發明之醫藥組合物亦可以組合療法與(例如)另一免疫刺激劑、抗癌劑、抗病毒劑或疫苗一起投與,從而抗LAG-3抗體增強對疫苗之免疫反應。
醫藥組合物可包括任一數量之賦形劑。可使用之賦形劑包含載劑、表面活性劑、增稠劑或乳化劑、固體黏合劑、分散或懸浮助劑、增溶劑、染色劑、矯味劑、塗層、崩解劑、潤滑劑、甜味劑、防腐劑、等滲劑及其組合。適宜賦形劑之選擇及應用教示於Gennaro編輯,Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy
,第20版(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2003)中,其揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。
較佳地,醫藥組合物適於靜脈內投與、肌內投與、皮下投與、非經腸投與、脊柱或表皮投與(例如藉由注射或輸注)。端視投與途徑,可將活性化合物塗覆於一定材料中保護其免受酸作用及其他可將其鈍化之天然條件影響。本文所用之片語「非經腸投與」意指除經腸及局部投與外之投與模式,通常係藉由注射且包含但不限於經靜脈內、經肌內、經動脈內、經鞘內、經莢膜內、經眼窩內、經心臟內、經真皮內、經腹膜腔內、經氣管、經皮下、經表皮下、經關節內、經囊下、經蛛網膜下、經脊柱內、經硬膜外及經胸骨內注射及輸注。另一選擇為,本發明抗體可經由非注射途徑(例如局部、表皮)或黏膜投與途徑(例如經鼻內、經口、經陰道、經直腸、經舌下或局部)投與。
本發明之醫藥組合物可包含醫藥上可接受之鹽。「醫藥上可接受之鹽」係指保留母體化合物之期望生物活性且不賦予任一不期望毒理學效應之鹽。該等鹽之實例包含酸加成鹽及鹼加成鹽。酸加成鹽包含彼等衍生自以下酸者:無毒無機酸,例如鹽酸、硝酸、磷酸、硫酸、氫溴酸、氫碘酸、亞磷酸及諸如此類;以及無毒有機酸,例如脂肪族單羧酸及二羧酸、經苯基取代之烷酸、羥基烷酸、芳族酸、脂肪族及芳族磺酸及諸如此類。鹼加成鹽包含彼等衍生自以下物質者:鹼土金屬,例如鈉、鉀、鎂、鈣及諸如此類;以及無毒有機胺,例如N,N'-二苄基乙二胺、N-甲基葡糖胺、氯普魯卡因(chloroprocaine)、膽鹼、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、普魯卡因(procaine)及諸如此類。
醫藥組合物可呈無菌水溶液或分散液之形式。其亦可調配於微乳液、脂質體或其他適用於高藥物濃度之有序結構中。
可與載劑材料組合產生單一劑型之活性成份之量將端視所治療個體及特定投與模式而有所變化,且通常係產生治療性效應之組合物量。通常,在100個百分比中,此量之範圍為約0.01%至約99%活性成份、較佳地約0.1%至約70%活性成份、最佳地約1%至約30%活性成份(與醫藥上可接受之載劑組合)。
調節劑量方案以提供最佳期望反應(例如治療性反應)。舉例而言,可投與單一濃注,可經一段時間投與數個細分劑量或可如治療狀況緊急程度所指示按比例減小或增加劑量。以劑量單元形式來調配非經腸組合物特別有利於方便投與及達成劑量一致性。本文所用之單位劑型係指適合作為單位劑量供擬治療個體使用之物理分散單位;每一單位含有預定量之活性化合物,此預定量經計算可與所需醫藥載劑一起產生期望治療效應。另一選擇為,可以持續釋放調配物形式投與抗體,在該情形下需要以較小頻率投與。
對於抗體投與而言,劑量範圍為約0.0001 mg/kg宿主體重至100 mg/kg宿主體重及更通常而言0.01 mg/kg宿主體重至5 mg/kg宿主體重。舉例而言,劑量可為0.3 mg/kg體重、1 mg/kg體重、3 mg/kg體重、5 mg/kg體重或10 mg/kg體重或在1-10 mg/kg範圍內。實例性治療方案需要以以下方式投與:每週一次、每兩週一次、每三週一次、每四週一次、每月一次、每3個月一次或每3至6個月一次。本發明之抗LAG-3抗體之較佳劑量方案包含經由靜脈內投與來投與1 mg/kg體重或3 mg/kg體重,其中使用下列投藥時間表中之一者給予抗體:(i)每四週給予6個劑量,然後每三個月一次;(ii)每三週一次;(iii)每三週給予一次3 mg/kg體重隨後給予1 mg/kg體重。在一些方法中,調節劑量以達成約1-1000 μg /ml及在一些方法中約25-300 μg /ml之血漿抗體濃度。
本發明之抗LAG-3抗體之「治療有效劑量」較佳地使得可降低疾病症狀之嚴重程度,增加疾病無症狀期之頻率及持續時間,或預防由感病性所致之損傷或失能。舉例而言,為治療具腫瘤個體,相對於未治療個體,「治療有效劑量」較佳地將腫瘤生長抑制至少約20%、更佳地至少約40%、甚至更佳地至少約60%及更佳地至少約80%。治療有效量之治療性化合物可減小腫瘤大小,或以其他方式改善個體(其通常係人類或可為另一哺乳動物)中之症狀。
醫藥組合物可為受控釋放之調配物,包含植入物、經皮貼片及微囊封遞送系統。可使用生物可降解之生物相容聚合物,例如乙烯基乙酸乙烯酯、聚酐、聚乙醇酸、膠原、聚原酸酯及聚乳酸。例如參見Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems
, J.R. Robinson編輯,Marcel Dekker公司,New York, 1978。
可經由醫學器件投與治療性組合物,例如(1)無針皮下注射器件(例如US 5,399,163、5,383,851、5,312,335、5,064,413、4,941,880、4,790,824及4,596,556);(2)微輸注幫浦(US 4,487,603);(3)經皮器件(US 4,486,194);(4)輸注裝置(US 4,447,233及4,447,224);及(5)滲透器件(US 4,439,196及4,475,196);該等專利之揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。
在某些實施例中,可調配本發明之人類單株抗體以確保在活體內合理分佈。舉例而言,為確保本發明之治療性化合物穿過血-腦障壁,可將其調配於脂質體中,該等脂質體可另外包括靶向部分以增強至具體細胞或器官之選擇性傳輸。例如參見US 4,522,811;5,374,548;5,416,016;及5,399,331;V.V. Ranade (1989)J. Clin. Pharmacol
.29
:685;Umezawa等人, (1988)Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun
.153
:1038;Bloeman等人(1995)FEBS Lett. 357
:140;M. Owais等人(1995)Antimicrob.Agents Chemother
.39
:180;Briscoe等人(1995)Am. J. Physiol
.1233
:134;Schreier等人(1994)J. Biol. Chem
.269
:9090;Keinanen及LAukkanen (1994)FEBS Lett
.346
:123;及Killion及Fidler (1994)Immunomethods 4
:273。本發明之用途及方法
本發明之抗體(組合物、雙特異性分子及免疫偶聯物)具有多種涉及(例如)檢測LAG-3或藉由阻斷LAG-3來增強免疫反應之活體外及活體內用途。在一較佳實施例中,抗體係人類抗體。可將該等抗體投與活體外或離體培養液中之細胞或投與人類個體(例如活體內)以增強各種情形下之免疫性。因此,在一態樣中,本發明提供對個體中之免疫反應實施修飾之方法,其包括向該個體投與本發明之抗體或其抗原結合部分,從而對個體中之免疫反應實施修飾。較佳地,反應得以增強、刺激或上調。
較佳個體包含需要增強免疫反應之人類患者。該等方法尤其適於治療患有可藉由增大免疫反應(例如T細胞調介之免疫反應)來治療之病症之人類患者。在一特定實施例中,該等方法尤其適於治療活體內癌症。
為達成免疫性之抗原特異性增強,可將抗LAG-3抗體與所關注抗原一起投與或抗原可已存在於擬治療個體(例如具腫瘤或具病毒個體)中。在將LAG-3抗體與另一藥劑一起投與時,二者可以任一順序或同時投與。
本發明進一步提供檢測試樣中人類LAG-3抗原之存在或量測人類LAG-3抗原之量之方法,其包括使試樣及對照試樣與人類單株抗體或其抗原結合部分(其特異性結合至人類LAG-3)在容許在抗體或其部分與人類LAG-3之間形成複合物之條件下接觸。然後檢測複合物之形成,其中試樣與對照試樣之間複合物形成之差異可指示試樣中人類LAG-3抗原之存在。另外,可使用本發明之抗LAG-3抗體經由免疫親和純化來純化人類LAG-3。
考慮到本發明之抗LAG-3抗體能夠抑制LAG-3與MHC II類分子之結合且刺激抗原特異性T細胞反應,本發明亦提供使用該等抗體刺激、增強或上調抗原特異性T細胞反應之活體外及活體內方法。舉例而言,本發明提供刺激抗原特異性T細胞反應之方法,其包括使該T細胞與本發明抗體接觸,從而刺激抗原特異性T細胞反應。可使用抗原特異性T細胞反應之任一適宜指示來量測抗原特異性T細胞反應。該等適宜指示之非限制性實例包含在抗體存在下T細胞增殖有所增加及/或在抗體存在下細胞因子產生有所增加。在一較佳實施例中,刺激藉由抗原特異性T細胞來產生介白素-2。
本發明亦提供刺激個體中之免疫反應(例如抗原特異性T細胞反應)之方法,其包括向個體投與本發明抗體,從而刺激個體中之免疫反應(例如抗原特異性T細胞反應)。在一較佳實施例中,個體係具腫瘤個體且刺激對腫瘤之免疫反應。在另一較佳實施例中,個體係具病毒個體且刺激對病毒之免疫反應。
在另一實施例中,本發明提供抑制個體中之腫瘤細胞生長之方法,其包括向個體投與本發明抗體,從而抑制個體中之腫瘤生長。在又一實施例中,本發明提供治療個體之病毒感染之方法,其包括向個體投與本發明抗體,從而治療個體之病毒感染。
本發明之該等及其他方法進一步詳細論述於下文中。癌症
藉由抗體阻斷LAG-3可增強患者對癌細胞之免疫反應。在一態樣中,本發明係關於使用抗LAG-3抗體在活體內治療個體,從而抑制癌症性腫瘤之生長。可單獨使用抗LAG-3抗體來抑制癌症性腫瘤之生長。另一選擇為,如下文所闡述,抗LAG-3抗體可與其他免疫原性因子、標準癌症治療或其他抗體結合使用。
因此,在一實施例中,本發明提供抑制個體中腫瘤細胞之生長之方法,其包括向個體投與治療有效量之抗LAG-3抗體或其抗原結合部分。較佳地,抗體係人類抗LAG-3抗體(例如本文所闡述人類抗人類LAG-3抗體中之任一者)。另外或另一選擇為,抗體可為嵌合或人類化抗LAG-3抗體。
可使用本發明抗體抑制生長之較佳癌症包含通常對免疫療法具有反應之癌症。用於治療之較佳癌症之非限制性實例包含黑素瘤(例如轉移性惡性黑素瘤)、腎癌(例如透明細胞癌瘤)、前列腺癌(例如激素難治性前列腺腺癌)、乳癌、結腸癌及肺癌(例如非小細胞肺癌)。另外,本發明包含可使用本發明抗體抑制生長之難治性或復發性惡性腫瘤。
可使用本發明方法治療之其他癌症之實例包含骨癌、胰腺癌、皮膚癌、頭頸癌、皮膚或眼內惡性黑素瘤、子宮癌、卵巢癌、直腸癌、肛門區癌、胃癌、睾丸癌、輸卵管癌瘤、子宮內膜癌瘤、宮頸癌瘤、陰道癌瘤、外陰癌瘤、霍奇金氏病(Hodgkin's Disease)、非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin's lymphoma)、食道癌、小腸癌、內分泌系統癌、甲狀腺癌、副甲狀腺癌症、腎上腺癌、軟組織肉瘤、尿道癌、陰莖癌、慢性或急性白血病(包含急性骨髓性白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病、急性淋巴母細胞性白血病、慢性淋巴細胞性白血病)、兒童實體腫瘤、淋巴細胞性淋巴瘤、膀胱癌、腎或輸尿管癌、腎盂癌瘤、中樞神經系統(CNS)贅瘤、原發性CNS淋巴瘤、腫瘤血管生成、脊柱瘤、腦幹膠質瘤、垂體腺瘤、卡波西氏肉瘤(Kaposi's sarcoma)、表皮樣癌、鱗狀細胞癌、T細胞淋巴瘤、環境誘導之癌症(包含彼等由石棉誘導者)及該等癌症之組合。本發明亦可用於治療轉移性癌症、尤其表現PD-L1之轉移性癌症(Iwai等人(2005)Int. Immunol
.17
:133-144)。
視情況,可將LAG-3抗體與免疫原性因子(例如癌細胞、經純化腫瘤抗原(包含重組蛋白、肽及碳水化合物分子)、細胞及經編碼免疫刺激細胞因子之基因轉染之細胞)組合(He等人(2004)J. Immunol
.173
:4919-28)。可使用之腫瘤疫苗之非限制性實例包含黑素瘤抗原之肽(例如gp100、MAGE抗原、Trp-2、MART1及/或酪胺酸酶之肽)或經轉染以表現細胞因子GM-CSF之腫瘤細胞(進一步論述於下文中)。
在人類中,已展示一些腫瘤具有免疫原性,例如黑素瘤。藉由以LAG-3阻斷提高T細胞活化之臨限值,可活化宿主中之腫瘤反應。
在與疫苗接種方案組合時,LAG-3阻斷很可能更為有效。已設計用於對腫瘤進行疫苗接種之許多實驗策略(參見Rosenberg, S., 2000, Development of Cancer Vaccines, ASCO Educational Book Spring: 60-62;Logothetis, C., 2000, ASCO Educational Book Spring: 300-302;Khayat, D. 2000, ASCO Educational Book Spring: 414-428;Foon, K. 2000, ASCO Educational Book Spring: 730-738;亦參見Restifo, N.及Sznol, M., Cancer Vaccines,第61章,第3023-3043頁,DeVita等人(編輯),1997, Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology,第5版)。在該等策略中之一種中,使用自體或同種異體腫瘤細胞製備疫苗。該等細胞疫苗已展示在轉導腫瘤細胞以表現GM-CSF時最有效。已展示GM-CSF係用於腫瘤疫苗接種之抗原呈現之強力活化劑(Dranoff等人(1993)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U.S.A. 90
: 3539-43)。
在各種腫瘤中對於基因表現及大規模基因表現模式之研究已定義了所謂的腫瘤特異性抗原(Rosenberg, SA (1999)Immunity 10
: 281-7)。在許多情形下,該等腫瘤特異性抗原係表現於腫瘤及產生腫瘤之細胞中之分化抗原,例如黑素細胞抗原gp100、MAGE抗原及Trp-2。更重要的是,許多該等抗原可展示係在宿主中發現之腫瘤特異性T細胞之靶。可聯合使用LAG-3阻斷與收集表現於腫瘤中之重組蛋白及/或肽以生成對該等蛋白質之免疫反應。該等蛋白質通常被免疫系統視為自體抗原且由此對其耐受。腫瘤抗原可包含蛋白質端粒末端轉移酶,其係合成染色體之端粒所需且表現於85%以上之人類癌症中及僅有限數量之體細胞組織中(Kim等人(1994)Science 266
:2011-2013)。(可藉由各種方式保護該等體細胞組織免受免疫攻擊)。腫瘤抗原亦可為因體細胞突變(其改變蛋白質序列或在兩個非相關序列之間產生融合蛋白(亦即費城染色體(Philadelphia chromosome)中之bcr-abl))表現於癌細胞中之「新抗原」或來自B細胞腫瘤之個體基因型。
其他腫瘤疫苗可包含來自與人類癌症有關之病毒(例如人類乳頭瘤病毒(HPV)、肝炎病毒(HBV及HCV)及卡波西氏皰疹肉瘤病毒(KHSV))之蛋白質。可與LAG-3阻斷結合使用之腫瘤特異性抗原之另一形式係自腫瘤組織本身分離之經純化熱擊蛋白(HSP)。該等熱擊蛋白含有來自腫瘤細胞之蛋白質片段且該等HSP可高度有效地遞送至抗原呈現細胞以用於誘發腫瘤免疫性(Suot及Srivastava (1995)Science 269
:1585-1588;Tamura等人(1997)Science 278
:117-120)。
樹突細胞(DC)係可用於引發抗原特異性反應之強力抗原呈現細胞。DC可離體產生且載有各種蛋白質及肽抗原以及腫瘤細胞提取物(Nestle等人(1998)Nature Medicine 4
: 328-332)。亦可藉由基因方式轉導DC以亦表現該等腫瘤抗原。亦將DC直接融合至腫瘤細胞以用於免疫目的(Kugler等人(2000)Nature Medicine 6
:332-336)。根據疫苗接種方法,DC免疫可與LAG-3阻斷有效組合以活化更強力抗腫瘤反應。
LAG-3阻斷亦可與標準癌症治療進行組合。LAG-3阻斷可與化學治療方案有效組合。在該等情況下,可減小所投與化學治療試劑之劑量(Mokyr等人(1998)Cancer Research 58
: 5301-5304)。此一組合之一實例係抗LAG-3抗體與達卡巴嗪(decarbazine)之用於治療黑素瘤之組合。此一組合之另一實例係抗LAG-3抗體與介白素-2 (IL-2)之用於治療黑素瘤之組合。組合使用LAG-3阻斷及化學療法之科學原理在於,細胞死亡(其係大部分化學治療性化合物之細胞毒性作用之結果)應使得抗原呈現路徑中之腫瘤抗原含量有所增加。可與LAG-3阻斷經由細胞死亡產生協同作用之其他組合療法係放射、手術及激素剝奪。該等方案中之每一者皆產生宿主中之腫瘤抗原之來源。亦可組合血管生成抑制劑與LAG-3阻斷。血管生成之抑制會引起腫瘤細胞死亡,此可將腫瘤抗原供給至宿主抗原呈現路徑中。
LAG-3阻斷抗體亦可與使Fcα或Fc(受體表現效應子細胞靶向腫瘤細胞之雙特異性抗體組合使用(例如參見美國專利第5,922,845號及第5,837,243號)。可使用雙特異性抗體靶向兩種單獨抗原。舉例而言,使用抗Fc受體/抗腫瘤抗原(例如Her-2/neu)雙特異性抗體將巨噬細胞靶向腫瘤位點。此靶向可更有效地活化腫瘤特異性反應。藉由使用LAG-3阻斷來增大該等反應之T細胞分支。另一選擇為,可藉由使用結合至腫瘤抗原及樹突細胞特異性細胞表面標記物之雙特異性抗體來將抗原直接遞送至DC。
腫瘤藉由諸多機制逃避宿主免疫監控。可藉由鈍化由腫瘤表現且係免疫阻抑性之蛋白質來克服許多該等機制。該等機制尤其包含TGF-β (Kehrl等人(1986)J. Exp. Med
.163
: 1037-1050)、IL-10 (Howard及O'Garra (1992)Immunology Today 13
: 198-200)及Fas配體(Hahne等人(1996)Science 274
:1363-1365)。每一該等實體之抗體可與抗LAG-3組合使用以抵抗免疫阻抑劑之效應且有益於宿主之腫瘤免疫反應。
其他活化宿主免疫反應性之抗體可與抗LAG-3組合使用。該等抗體包含位於樹突細胞表面上之活化DC功能及抗原呈現之分子。抗CD40抗體能夠有效替代T輔助細胞活性(Ridge等人(1998) Nature 393: 474-478)且可與LAG-3抗體結合使用(Ito等人(2000)Immunobiology 201
(5) 527-40)。T細胞共刺激性分子(例如CTLA-4 (例如美國專利第5,811,097號)、OX-40 (Weinberg等人(2000)Immunol 164
: 2160-2169)、4-1BB (Melero等人(1997)Nature Medicine 3
: 682-685 (1997)及ICOS (Hutloff等人(1999)Nature 397
: 262-266) )之活化抗體亦可提供增加之T細胞活化程度。
當前使用骨髓移植來治療各種造血源腫瘤。儘管移植物對宿主病係此治療之結果,但可自移植物對腫瘤反應獲得治療益處。可使用LAG-3阻斷來增加植入供體之腫瘤特異性T細胞之有效性。
亦存在若干實驗治療方案,其涉及離體活化及擴展抗原特異性T細胞且將該等細胞接受性轉移至接受者以刺激針對腫瘤之抗原特異性T細胞(Greenberg及Riddell (1999)Science 285
: 546-51)。該等方法亦可用於活化對感染劑(例如CMV)之T細胞反應。在抗LAG-3抗體存在下之離體活化可增加接受性轉移之T細胞之頻率及活性。傳染病
使用本發明之其他方法來治療已暴露於特定毒素或病原體之患者。因此,本發明之另一態樣提供治療個體之傳染病之方法,其包括向個體投與抗LAG-3抗體或其抗原結合部分,從而治療個體之傳染病。較佳地,抗體係人類抗人類LAG-3抗體(例如本文所闡述人類抗LAG-3抗體中之任一者)。另外或另一選擇為,抗體可為嵌合或人類化抗體。
類似於如上文所論述在腫瘤中之應用,可單獨使用抗體調介之LAG-3阻斷或作為輔助方式與疫苗組合使用以刺激對病原體、毒素及自體抗原之免疫反應。此治療方式可尤其有用之病原體之實例包含當前並無有效疫苗之病原體或習用疫苗不能完全有效的病原體。該等病原體包含但不限於HIV、肝炎(A、B及C)、流感、皰疹、梨形鞭毛蟲屬(Giardia)、瘧疾、利什曼蟲(Leishmania)、金黃色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、綠膿桿菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)。LAG-3阻斷尤其可用於在感染過程中呈現改變之抗原之因子(例如HIV)之確立感染。該等新穎表位在投與抗人類LAG-3時可識別為外來物,由此引起不能藉由負信號經由LAG-3減弱之較強T細胞反應。
引起可藉由本發明方法治療之感染之病原性病毒之一些實例包含HIV、肝炎(A、B或C)、皰疹病毒(例如VZV、HSV-1、HAV-6、HSV-II及CMV、愛潑斯坦巴爾病毒(Epstein Barr virus))、腺病毒、流感病毒、黃病毒、埃可病毒(echovirus)、鼻病毒、柯薩奇病毒(coxsackie virus)、冠狀病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、腮腺炎病毒、輪狀病毒、麻疹病毒、風疹病毒、小病毒、牛痘病毒、HTLV病毒、登革病毒(dengue virus)、乳頭狀瘤病毒、軟疣病毒、脊髓灰質炎病毒、狂犬病病毒、JC病毒及蟲媒病毒性腦炎病毒。
引起可藉由本發明方法治療之感染之病原性細菌之一些實例包含衣原體(chlamydia)、立克次氏體細菌(rickettsial bacteria)、分枝桿菌(mycobacteria)、葡萄球菌(staphylococci)、鏈球菌(streptococci)、肺炎球菌(pneumonococci)、腦膜炎球菌及淋球菌(meningococci and gonococci)、克雷伯菌(klebsiella)、變形桿菌(proteus)、沙雷氏菌(serratia)、假單胞菌(pseudomonas)、退伍軍人桿菌(legionella)、白喉(diphtheria)、沙門氏菌(salmonella)、桿菌(bacilli)、霍亂、破傷風(tetanus)、肉毒桿菌(botulism)、炭疽熱、瘟疫、鉤端螺旋體病及萊姆病細菌(Lymes disease bacteria)。
引起可藉由本發明方法治療之感染之病原性真菌之一些實例包含念珠菌(Candida) (白色念珠菌(albicans)、克魯斯氏念珠菌(krusei)、光滑念珠菌(glabrata)、熱帶念珠菌(tropicalis)等)、新型隱球菌(Cryptococcus neoformans)、曲黴菌(Aspergillus)(煙麴菌(fumigatus)、黑麴黴(niger)等)、毛黴菌屬(Genus Mucorales) (毛黴菌(mucor)、腐化米黴菌(absidia)、根黴菌(rhizopus))、申克氏孢絲菌(Sporothrix schenkii)、皮炎芽生菌(Blastomyces dermatitidis)、巴西副球孢子菌(Paracoccidioides brasiliensis)、粗球孢子菌(Coccidioides immitis)及夾膜組織胞漿菌(Histoplasma capsulatum)。
引起可藉由本發明方法治療之感染之病原性寄生蟲之一些實例包含溶組織內阿米巴(Entamoeba histolytica)、大腸纖毛蟲(Balantidium coli)、福氏耐格裏變形蟲(Naegleriafowleri)、棘阿米巴屬(Acanthamoeba sp.)、梨形鞭毛蟲(Giardia lambia)、隱孢子蟲屬(Cryptosporidium sp.)、卡氏肺囊蟲(Pneumocystis carinii)、間日瘧原蟲(Plasmodium vivax)、巴貝亞原蟲(Babesia microti)、布魯斯錐蟲(Trypanosoma brucei)、克氏錐蟲(Trypanosoma cruzi)、多氏利什曼蟲(Leishmania donovani)、鼠弓形蟲(Toxoplasma gondii)、巴西鼠鉤蟲(Nippostrongylus brasiliensis)。
在所有上述方法中,LAG-3阻斷可與其他形式之免疫療法(例如細胞因子治療(例如干擾素、GM-CSF、G-CSF、IL-2)或雙特異性抗體療法)組合,此會提供增強之腫瘤抗原呈現(例如參見Holliger (1993)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci
. USA90
:6444-6448;Poljak (1994)Structure 2
:1121-1123)。自體免疫反應
抗LAG-3抗體可引起且擴增自體免疫反應。實際上,使用腫瘤細胞及肽疫苗誘導抗腫瘤反應可揭示,許多抗腫瘤反應涉及抗自身反應性(van Elsas等人(2001)J. Exp. Med
.194
:481-489;Overwijk等人(1999)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
.96
: 2982-2987;Hurwitz, (2000),參見上文;
Rosenberg及White (1996)J. Immunother Emphasis Tumor Immunol 19
(1): 81-4)。因此,可考慮結合使用抗LAG-3阻斷與各種自體蛋白質以設計疫苗接種方案來有效生成對該等自體蛋白質之免疫反應以用於疾病治療。舉例而言,阿茲海默氏病(Alzheimer’s disease)涉及澱粉樣蛋白沈積物中之Aβ肽在腦中之不恰當積累;對澱粉樣蛋白之抗體反應能夠清除該等澱粉樣蛋白沈積物(Schenk等人,(1999)Nature 400
: 173-177)。
亦可使用其他自體蛋白質作為靶,例如IgE (用於治療過敏及哮喘)及TNFα (用於類風濕性關節炎)。最後,可藉由使用抗LAG-3抗體來誘導對各種激素之抗體反應。可使用對生殖激素之中和抗體反應來進行避孕。對激素及特定腫瘤之生長所需之其他可溶性因子之中和抗體反應亦可視為可能之疫苗接種靶。
可使用如上文所闡述使用抗LAG-3抗體之類似方法來誘導治療性自體免疫反應以治療具有其他自體抗原(例如澱粉樣蛋白沈積物(包含阿茲海默氏病中之Aβ)、細胞因子(例如TNFα)及IgE)之不恰當積累的患者。疫苗
可使用抗LAG-3抗體藉由共投與抗LAG-3抗體與所關注抗原(例如疫苗)來刺激抗原特異性免疫反應。因此,在另一態樣中,本發明提供增強個體中對抗原之免疫反應之方法,其包括向個體投與:(i)抗原;及(ii)抗LAG-3抗體或其抗原結合部分,從而增強個體中對抗原之免疫反應。較佳地,抗體係人類抗人類LAG-3抗體(例如本文所闡述人類抗LAG-3抗體中之任一者)。另外或另一選擇為,抗體可為嵌合或人類化抗體。抗原可為(例如)腫瘤抗原、病毒抗原、細菌抗原或來自病原體之抗原。該等抗原之非限制性實例包含彼等論述於上文部分中者,例如上述腫瘤抗原(或腫瘤疫苗)或來自病毒、細菌或上述其他病原體之抗原。
在活體內及活體外投與本發明之抗體組合物(例如人類單株抗體、多特異性及雙特異性分子及免疫偶聯物)之適宜途徑在業內已眾所周知且可由彼等熟習此項技術者進行選擇。舉例而言,可藉由注射(例如靜脈內或皮下)投與抗體組合物。所用分子之適宜劑量取決於個體之年齡及體重及抗體組合物之濃度及/或配方。
如先前所闡述,本發明之人類抗LAG-3抗體可與一或多種其他治療劑(例如細胞毒性劑、放射性毒性劑或免疫阻抑劑)共投與。抗體可連接至藥劑(呈免疫複合物形式)或可與藥劑單獨投與。在後一情形(單獨投與)下,抗體可在藥劑之前、之後或同時投與或可與其他已知療法(例如抗癌療法,例如放射)共投與。該等治療劑尤其包含本身僅在對患者具有毒性或亞毒性之濃度下有效之抗腫瘤劑,例如多柔比星(doxorubicin) (阿黴素(adriamycin))、順鉑(cisplatin)、硫酸博來黴素(bleomycin sulfate)、卡莫司汀(carmustine)、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、達卡巴嗪(dacarbazine)及環磷醯胺(cyclophosphamide)、羥基脲(hydroxyurea)。以100 mg/ml劑量每四週一次經靜脈內投與順鉑,且以60-75 mg/ml劑量每21天一次經靜脈內投與阿黴素。共投與本發明之人類抗LAG-3抗體或其抗原結合片段與化學治療劑會提供兩種抗癌劑,該兩種抗癌劑經由不同機制發揮作用以得到對人類腫瘤細胞之細胞毒性效應。該共投與可解決由對藥物產生抗性或腫瘤細胞之抗原性發生變化(此使得其與抗體無反應性)所致之問題。
套組亦在本發明範圍內,其包括本發明之抗體組合物(例如人類抗體、雙特異性或多特異性分子或免疫偶聯物)及使用說明書。套組可進一步含有至少一種其他試劑或本發明之一或多種其他人類抗體(例如結合至LAG-3抗原中之表位且與第一人類抗體不同之具有互補活性之人類抗體)。套組通常包含指示套組內容物之預期用途之標記。術語標記包含提供於套組上或與套組一起提供或以其他方式伴隨套組之任一書寫或記錄材料。組合療法
在另一態樣中,本發明提供組合療法方法,其中將本發明之抗LAG-3抗體(或其抗原結合部分)與一或多種其他抗體(其有效刺激免疫反應以由此進一步增強、刺激或上調個體中之免疫反應)共投與。在一實施例中,本發明提供刺激個體中之免疫反應之方法,其包括向個體投與抗LAG-3抗體及一或多種其他免疫刺激性抗體(例如抗PD-1抗體、抗PD-L1抗體及/或抗CTLA-4抗體),從而刺激個體中之免疫反應(例如抑制腫瘤生長或刺激抗病毒反應)。在另一實施例中,向個體投與抗LAG-3抗體及抗PD-1抗體。在再一實施例中,向個體投與抗LAG-3抗體及抗PD-L1抗體。在又一實施例中,向個體投與抗LAG-3抗體及抗CTLA-4抗體。在一實施例中,抗LAG-3抗體係人類抗體(例如本揭示內容之抗體)。另一選擇為,抗LAG-3抗體可為(例如)嵌合或人類化抗體(例如自小鼠抗LAG-3 mAb製得)。在另一實施例中,至少一種其他免疫刺激性抗體(例如抗PD-1、抗PD-L1及/或抗CTLA-4抗體)係人類抗體。另一選擇為,至少一種其他免疫刺激性抗體可為(例如)嵌合或人類化抗體(例如自小鼠抗PD-1、抗PD-L1及/或抗CTLA-4抗體製得)。
在另一實施例中,本發明提供治療過度增殖性疾病(例如癌症)之方法,其包括向個體投與LAG-3抗體及CTLA-4抗體。在其他實施例中,以亞治療性劑量投與抗LAG-3抗體,以亞治療性劑量投與抗CTLA-4抗體,或以亞治療性劑量投與二者。在另一實施例中,本發明提供改變與使用免疫刺激劑治療過度增殖性疾病有關之不良事件之方法,其包括向個體投與抗LAG-3抗體及亞治療性劑量之抗CTLA-4抗體。在某些實施例中,個體係人類。在其他實施例中,抗CTLA-4抗體係人類序列單株抗體10D1 (闡述於PCT公開案WO 01/14424中)且抗LAG-3抗體係人類序列單株抗體(例如本文中所闡述之LAG3.5)。本發明方法所涵蓋之其他抗CTLA-4抗體包含(例如)彼等揭示於以下案件中者:WO 98/42752;WO 00/37504;美國專利第6,207,156號;Hurwitz等人(1998)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95
(17):10067-10071;Camacho等人(2004)J. Clin. Oncology 22
(145):摘要編號:2505 (抗體CP-675206);及Mokyr等人(1998)Cancer Res
.58 :5301-5304
。在某些實施例中,抗CTLA-4抗體以5 × 10-8
M或更小之KD
結合至人類CTLA-4,以1 × 10-8
M或更小之KD
結合至人類CTLA-4,以5 × 10-9
M或更小之KD
結合至人類CTLA-4,或以介於1 × 10-8
M與1 × 10-10
M之間或更小之KD
結合至人類CTLA-4。
在另一實施例中,本發明提供治療過度增殖性疾病(例如癌症)之方法,其包括向個體投與LAG-3抗體及PD-1抗體。在其他實施例中,以亞治療性劑量投與抗LAG-3抗體,以亞治療性劑量投與抗PD-1抗體,或以亞治療性劑量投與二者。在另一實施例中,本發明提供改變與使用免疫刺激劑治療過度增殖性疾病有關之不良事件之方法,其包括向個體投與抗LAG-3抗體及亞治療性劑量之抗PD-1抗體。在某些實施例中,個體係人類。在某些實施例中,抗PD-1抗體係人類序列單株抗體且抗LAG-3抗體係人類序列單株抗體(例如本文中所闡述之LAG3.5)。人類序列抗PD-1抗體之實例包含PCT公開案WO 06/121168中所闡述之17D8、2D3、4H1、5C4及4A11。其他抗PD-1抗體包含(例如)拉姆珠單抗(lambrolizumab) (WO2008/156712)及AMP514 (WO2010/027423、WO2010/027827、WO2010/027828、WO2010/098788)。在某些實施例中,抗PD-1抗體以5 × 10-8
M或更小之KD
結合至人類PD-1,以1 × 10-8
M或更小之KD
結合至人類PD-1,以5 × 10-9
M或更小之KD
結合至人類PD-1,或以介於1 × 10-8
M與1 × 10-10
M之間或更小之KD
結合至人類PD-1。
在另一實施例中,本發明提供治療過度增殖性疾病(例如癌症)之方法,其包括向個體投與LAG-3抗體及PD-L1抗體。在其他實施例中,以亞治療性劑量投與抗LAG-3抗體,以亞治療性劑量投與抗PD-L1抗體,或以亞治療性劑量投與二者。在另一實施例中,本發明提供改變與使用免疫刺激劑治療過度增殖性疾病有關之不良事件之方法,其包括向個體投與抗LAG-3抗體及亞治療性劑量之抗PD-L1抗體。在某些實施例中,個體係人類。在其他實施例中,抗PD-L1抗體係人類序列單株抗體且抗LAG-3抗體係人類序列單株抗體(例如本文中所闡述之LAG3.5)。人類序列抗PD-L1抗體之實例包含PCT公開案WO 07/005874中所闡述之3G10、12A4、10A5、5F8、10H10、1B12、7H1、11E6、12B7及13G4。其他抗PD-L1抗體包含(例如)MPDL3280A (RG7446) (WO2010/077634)、MEDI4736 (WO2011/066389)及MDX1105 (WO2007/005874)。在某些實施例中,抗PD-L1抗體以5 × 10-8
M或更小之KD
結合至人類PD-L1,以1 × 10-8
M或更小之KD
結合至人類PD-L1,以5 × 10-9
M或更小之KD
結合至人類PD-L1,或以介於1 × 10-8
M與1 × 10-10
M之間或更小之KD
結合至人類PD-L1。
藉由抗體阻斷LAG-3及一或多種第二靶抗原(例如CTLA-4及/或PD-1及/或PD-L1)可增強患者中對於癌細胞之免疫反應。可使用本揭示內容之抗體抑制生長之癌症包含通常對免疫療法具有反應之癌症。使用本揭示內容之組合療法治療之癌症之代表性實例包含彼等在論述抗LAG-3抗體單一療法時於上文中具體列示的癌症。
在某些實施例中,本文所論述治療性抗體之組合可作為存於醫藥上可接受之載劑中之單一組合物同時投與,或作為單獨組合物(其中每一抗體皆存於醫藥上可接受之載劑中)同時投與。在另一實施例中,可依序投與治療性抗體之組合。舉例而言,可依序投與抗CTLA-4抗體及抗LAG-3抗體,例如首先投與抗CTLA-4抗體且然後投與抗LAG-3抗體,或首先投與抗LAG-3抗體且然後投與抗CTLA-4抗體。另外或另一選擇為,可依序投與抗PD-1抗體及抗LAG-3抗體,例如首先投與抗PD-1抗體且然後投與抗LAG-3抗體,或首先投與抗LAG-3抗體且然後投與抗PD-1抗體。另外或另一選擇為,可依序投與抗PD-L1抗體及抗LAG-3抗體,例如首先投與抗PD-L1抗體且然後投與抗LAG-3抗體,或首先投與抗LAG-3抗體且然後投與抗PD-L1抗體。
另外,若依序投與一個以上劑量之組合療法,則在每一投與時間點可逆轉依序投與之順序或保持相同順序,依序投與可與同時投與組合或使用其任一組合。舉例而言,抗CTLA-4抗體及抗LAG-3抗體之組合之第一投與可同時進行,第二投與可為首先投與抗CTLA-4且然後投與抗LAG-3之依序投與,且第三投與可為首先投與抗LAG-3且然後投與抗CTLA-4之依序投與等等。另外或另一選擇為,抗PD-1抗體及抗LAG-3抗體之組合之第一投與可同時進行,第二投與可為首先投與抗PD-1且然後投與抗LAG-3之依序投與,且第三投與可為首先投與抗LAG-3且然後投與抗PD-1之依序投與等等。另外或另一選擇為,抗PD-L1抗體及抗LAG-3抗體之組合之第一投與可同時進行,第二投與可為首先投與抗PD-L1且然後投與抗LAG-3之依序投與,且第三投與可為首先投與抗LAG-3且然後投與抗PD-L1之依序投與等等。另一代表性投藥方案可涉及使用首先投與抗LAG-3且然後投與抗CTLA-4 (及/或抗PD-1及/或抗PD-L1)之依序投與之第一投與,及隨後可同時投與。
視情況,抗LAG-3及一或多種其他抗體(例如抗CTLA-4及/或抗PD-1及/或抗PD-L1抗體)之組合可進一步與免疫原性因子(例如癌細胞、經純化腫瘤抗原(包含重組蛋白、肽及碳水化合物分子)、細胞及經編碼免疫刺激細胞因子之基因轉染之細胞)組合(He等人(2004)J. Immunol
.173
:4919-28)。可使用之腫瘤疫苗之非限制性實例包含黑素瘤抗原之肽(例如gp100、MAGE抗原、Trp-2、MART1及/或酪胺酸酶之肽)或經轉染以表現細胞因子GM-CSF之腫瘤細胞(進一步論述於下文中)。組合之LAG-3及CTLA-4及/或PD-1及/或PD-L1阻斷可進一步與疫苗接種方案(例如上文針對使用抗LAG-3抗體之單一療法詳細論述之疫苗接種方案中之任一者)組合。
組合之LAG-3及CTLA-4及/或PD-1及/或PD-L1阻斷亦可進一步與標準癌症治療組合。舉例而言,組合之LAG-3及CTLA-4及/或PD-1及/或PD-L1阻斷可與化學治療方案有效組合。在該等情況下,可減小與本揭示內容之組合一起投與之另一化學治療試劑之劑量(Mokyr等人(1998)Cancer Research 58
: 5301-5304)。此一組合之一實例係之用於治療黑素瘤之抗LAG-3及抗CTLA-4抗體及/或抗PD-1抗體及/或抗PD-L1抗體之組合進一步與達卡巴嗪的組合。另一實例係用於治療黑素瘤之抗LAG-3及抗CTLA-4抗體及/或抗PD-1抗體及/或抗PD-L1抗體之組合進一步與介白素-2 (IL-2)之組合。組合使用LAG-3及CTLA-4及/或PD-1及/或PD-L1阻斷及化學療法之科學原理在於,細胞死亡(其係大部分化學治療性化合物之細胞毒性作用之結果)應使得抗原呈現路徑中之腫瘤抗原含量有所增加。可與組合之LAG-3及CTLA-4及/或PD-1及/或PD-L1阻斷經由細胞死亡產生協同作用之其他組合療法包含放射、手術或激素剝奪。該等方案中之每一者皆產生宿主中之腫瘤抗原之來源。血管生成抑制劑亦可與組合之LAG-3及CTLA-4及/或PD-1及/或PD-L1阻斷組合。血管生成之抑制會引起腫瘤細胞死亡,此可為供給至宿主抗原呈現路徑中之腫瘤抗原之來源。
LAG-3及CTLA-4及/或PD-1及/或PD-L1阻斷抗體之組合亦可與使Fcα或Fcγ受體表現效應子細胞靶向腫瘤細胞之雙特異性抗體組合使用(例如參見美國專利第5,922,845號及第5,837,243號)。可使用雙特異性抗體靶向兩種單獨抗原。藉由使用組合之LAG-3及CTLA-4及/或PD-1及/或PD-L1阻斷來增大該等反應之T細胞分支。
在另一實例中,抗LAG-3及抗CTLA-4及/或抗PD-1抗體及/或抗PD-L1抗體之組合可與抗腫瘤性抗體(例如Rituxan®
(利妥昔單抗(rituximab))、Herceptin®
(曲司佐單抗(trastuzumab))、Bexxar®
(托西奠單抗(tositumomab))、Zevalin®
(替伊莫單抗(ibritumomab))、Campath®
(阿來組單抗(alemtuzumab))、Lymphocide®
(依帕珠單抗(eprtuzumab))、Avastin®
(貝伐珠單抗(bevacizumab))及Tarceva®
(厄洛替尼(erlotinib))及諸如此類)結合使用。根據實例且不限於理論,使用抗癌性抗體或偶聯至毒素之抗癌性抗體進行治療可引起癌症細胞死亡(例如腫瘤細胞),此將強化由CTLA-4、PD-1、PD-L1或LAG-3調介之免疫反應。在一實例性實施例中,過度增殖性疾病(例如癌症腫瘤)之治療可包含抗癌性抗體與抗LAG-3及抗CTLA-4及/或抗PD-1及/或抗PD-L1抗體之組合(同時或依序或其任一組合),此可強化宿主之抗腫瘤免疫反應。
腫瘤藉由諸多機制逃避宿主免疫監控。可藉由鈍化由腫瘤表現且係免疫阻抑性之蛋白質來克服許多該等機制。該等機制尤其包含TGF-β (Kehrl等人(1986)J. Exp. Med
.163
: 1037-1050)、IL-10 (Howard及O'Garra (1992)Immunology Today 13
: 198-200)及Fas配體(Hahne等人(1996)Science 274
:1363-1365)。在另一實例中,每一該等實體之抗體可進一步與抗LAG-3及抗CTLA-4及/或抗PD-1及/或抗PD-L1抗體組合進行組合以抵抗免疫阻抑劑之效應且有益於宿主之抗腫瘤免疫反應。
可進一步組合使用可用於活化宿主免疫反應性之其他抗體與抗LAG-3及抗CTLA-4及/或抗PD-1及/或抗PD-L1抗體之組合。該等抗體包含樹突細胞表面上之活化DC功能及抗原呈現之分子。抗CD40抗體(Ridge等人之參考文獻,參見上文)可與抗LAG-3及抗CTLA-4及/或抗PD-1及/或抗PD-L1之組合結合使用(Ito等人之參考文獻,參見上文)。T細胞共刺激性分子之其他活化抗體(Weinberg等人之參考文獻,參見上文;Melero等人之參考文獻,參見上文;Hutloff等人之參考文獻,參見上文)亦可提供增加之T細胞活化程度。
如上文所論述,當前使用骨髓移植來治療各種造血源腫瘤。可使用組合之LAG-3及CTLA-4及/或PD-1及/或PD-L1阻斷來增加植入供體之腫瘤特異性T細胞之有效性。
若干實驗治療方案涉及離體活化及擴展抗原特異性T細胞且將該等細胞接受性轉移至接受者以獲得針對腫瘤之抗原特異性T細胞(Greenberg及Riddell之參考文獻,參見上文)。該等方法亦可用於活化對感染劑(例如CMV)之T細胞反應。在抗LAG-3及抗CTLA-4及/或抗PD-1及/或抗PD-L1抗體存在下之離體活化預計可增加接受性轉移之T細胞之頻率及活性。
在某些實施例中,本發明提供改變與使用免疫刺激劑治療過度增殖性疾病(例如癌症)有關之不良事件之方法,其包括向個體投與抗LAG-3抗體及亞治療性劑量之抗CTLA-4及/或抗PD-1及/或抗PD-L1抗體。舉例而言,本發明方法提供藉由向患者投與不可吸收性類固醇來減小免疫刺激性治療性抗體誘導之結腸炎或腹瀉之發病率之方法。因任一接受免疫刺激性治療性抗體之患者皆處於發生藉由此一抗體誘導之結腸炎或腹瀉之風險下,故此整個患者群體適用於本發明方法之療法。儘管已投與類固醇來治療發炎性腸病(IBD)且預防IBD之加重,但並未使用其來預防(降低發病率)並未診斷有IBD患者之IBD。與類固醇(即使不可吸收性類固醇)有關之顯著副效應阻礙了預防性應用。
在其他實施例中,組合LAG-3及CTLA-4及/或PD-1及/或PD-L1阻斷(亦即免疫刺激性治療性抗體抗LAG-3及抗CTLA-4及/或抗PD-1抗體及/或抗PD-L1抗體)可進一步與任一不可吸收性類固醇之使用組合。如本文中所使用,「不可吸收性類固醇」係展現廣泛首過代謝以便在肝中代謝後類固醇之生物可用度較低(亦即小於約20%)之糖皮質類固醇。在本發明之一實施例中,不可吸收性類固醇係布地奈德(budesonide)。布地奈德係局部作用性糖皮質類固醇,其在口服投與後主要由肝充分代謝。ENTOCORT EC®
(Astra-Zeneca)係布地奈德之pH及時間依賴性口服調配物,其研發用於最佳化至回腸及在整個結腸內之藥物遞送。ENTOCORT EC®
在美國經批准用於治療涉及回腸及/或升結腸之輕度至中等克羅恩氏病(Crohn’s disease)。用於治療克羅恩氏病之ENTOCORT EC®
之常用口服劑量為6 mg/天至9 mg/天。ENTOCORT EC®
釋放於腸中,然後被吸收且保留於腸黏膜中。在通過腸黏膜靶組織後,ENTOCORT EC®
由肝中之細胞色素P450系統充分代謝成具有微小糖皮質類固醇活性之代謝物。因此,生物可用度較低(約10%)。低布地奈德生物可用度使得與其他具有較小廣泛首過代謝之糖皮質類固醇相比具有改良之治療比率。布地奈德得到較少不良效應,包含下丘腦-垂體阻抑小於全身作用之皮質類固醇。然而,慢性投與ENTOCORT EC®
可使得全身性糖皮質類固醇效應,例如腎上腺功能亢進及腎上腺阻抑。參見PDR第58版,2004;608-610。
在其他實施例中,結合不可吸收性類固醇之組合LAG-3及CTLA-4及/或PD-1及/或PD-L1阻斷(亦即免疫刺激性治療性抗體抗LAG-3及抗CTLA-4及/或抗PD-1及/或抗PD-L1抗體)可進一步與水楊酸鹽組合 水楊酸鹽包含5-ASA藥劑,例如:柳氮磺胺吡啶(sulfasalazine) (AZULFIDINE®
, Pharmacia & UpJohn);奧沙拉嗪(olsalazine) (DIPENTUM®
, Pharmacia & UpJohn);巴柳氮(balsalazide) (COLAZAL®
, Salix Pharmaceuticals公司);及美沙拉嗪(mesalamine) (ASACOL®
, Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals;PENTASA®
, Shire US; CANASA®
, Axcan Scandipharm公司;ROWASA®
, Solvay)。
根據本發明方法,出於降低由免疫刺激性抗體誘導之結腸炎之發病率之目的,與抗LAG-3及抗CTLA-4及/或抗PD-1及/或抗PD-L1抗體及不可吸收性類固醇組合投與之水楊酸鹽可包含水楊酸鹽及不可吸收性類固醇之任一重疊或依序投與。因此,舉例而言,根據本發明減小由免疫刺激性抗體誘導之結腸炎之發病率之方法涵蓋同時或依序投與水楊酸鹽及不可吸收性類固醇(例如在不可吸收性類固醇之後6小時投與水楊酸鹽)或其任一組合。另外,根據本發明,可藉由相同途徑(例如二者皆經口投與)或藉由不同途徑(例如經口投與水楊酸鹽且經直腸投與不可吸收性類固醇)投與水楊酸鹽及不可吸收性類固醇,其可不同於用於投與抗LAG-3及抗CTLA-4及/或抗PD-1及/或抗PD-L1抗體之途徑。
藉由下列實例進一步闡釋本揭示內容,不能將其視為進一步限制。本申請案通篇所引用之所有圖及所有參考文獻、Genbank序列、專利及公開專利申請案之內容皆以引用方式明確併入本文中。特定而言,PCT公開案WO 09/045957、WO 09/073533、WO 09/073546及WO 09/054863之揭示內容以引用方式明確併入本文中。實例 實例 1 : LAG3.1 ( 抗體 25F7) 之變體之設計
藉由首先分析抗體之胺基酸序列之潛在降解位點來產生先前所闡述抗LAG-3抗體25F7(在本文中稱為LAG3.1)之抗體變體。使用QuikChange II XL(定點突變誘發套組(Agilent Technologies)來實施LAG3.1 VH
區之定點突變誘發之表現。然後將經改變VH
區亞選殖至含有人類IgG4-S228P恆定區之UCOE®
(EMD Millipore)載體中。各自使用表現LAG3.1κ鏈之載體將各種重鏈載體共轉染至CHO-S細胞中,且選擇穩定之集體用於表現。
在可變區重鏈CDR2內鑑別5個潛在去醯胺化基序。該等位點位於LAG3.1之重鏈可變區(SEQ ID NO: 2)之52、54、56、58及60位處(參見圖1A)。特定而言,在所有條件下皆觀察到VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 6)內之「NG」序列發生去醯胺化且序列進一步發生異構化。起始材料之去醯胺化約為10%。另外,發現此「NG」序列不對應於種系序列(參見圖3)。然而,共有種系序列係潛在糖基化位點且由此不包含於抗體變體內。
設計定址於兩個潛在去醯胺化基序(54及56位)之4個變體(在本文中稱為LAG3.5、LAG3.6、LAG3.7及LAG3.8),如圖3中所展示。使該等變體經受如下表1中所概述之各種條件且分析下列特性:(a)化學及熱穩定性(物理穩定性);(b)尺寸排除層析(聚集);(c)等電聚焦凝膠(IEF) (電荷異質性);(d)活性(藉由Biacore分析,結合及功能活性);及(e)肽圖譜(藉由質譜分析,化學修飾/分子穩定性)。
表1
實例 2 : LAG-3 變體之表徵 1. 經活化人類 CD4+
T 細胞結合
為測試抗體變體結合至經活化人類T細胞表面上之原始人類LAG-3之能力,在15 cm組織培養板中以2 × 10e6個細胞/mL之密度分別使用5 (g/mL及3 (g/mL存於溶液中之抗CD3 (eBioscience,目錄編號:16-0037-85)及抗CD28 (BD Bioscience,目錄編號:555725)抗體之組合刺激正常健康供體末梢血液單核細胞。在刺激三天後,收穫細胞,使用1 × PFAE緩衝液(1 × PBS + 2% FBS、0.02%疊氮化鈉、2mM Na EDTA)洗滌1 ×,且再懸浮於1 × PFAE緩衝液中用於染色。
為進行結合反應,使用冷1 × PFAE緩衝液連續稀釋LAG3.1變體,然後將50 μl經稀釋抗體溶液與50 μl以1:16稀釋於1 × PFAE緩衝液中之Fitc-labeled抗人類CD4 (BD Bioscience,目錄編號:555346)混合。為進行結合反應,將100 μl此經稀釋抗體混合物添加至2 × 105
個細胞中且將混合物在4℃下培育30分鐘。然後使用1 × PFAE緩衝液將細胞洗滌兩次。添加PE標記之山羊抗人類Fc(特異性抗體(Jackson ImmunoResearch,目錄編號:109-116-170)之1:200稀釋液且將混合物在4℃下培育30分鐘,隨後使用冷1 × PFAE緩衝液洗滌兩次。在最後洗滌之後,向每一溶液中添加150 μl冷1 × PFAE且藉由流式細胞術使用FACSCanto流式細胞儀(BD Bioscience)分析抗體結合。
流式細胞術分析之結果概述於圖4A中,該圖係展示抗體結合至經活化人類CD4+ T細胞之EC50
之圖形。圖4B係展示結合至可溶性人類LAG-3/Fc抗原之抗體(藉由BIACORE)之圖形。如所展示,LAG3.5及LAG3.8之結合親和力略低於LAG3.1,而其解離速率常數略高於LAG3.1。2. 物理穩定性
使用Microcal VP-DSC測試變體之熱穩定性及熱變性。具體而言,將每一變體稀釋至PBS (Mediatech目錄編號:21-040-CV,批號:21040139)中。在稀釋至PBS中之後,試樣之最終濃度為250 µg/mL。在74℃下掃描試樣,冷卻至25℃,且再加熱至74℃。使用PBS緩衝液作為空白對照。將數據擬合至非2態模型(Non-2-state model)且藉由Origin軟體實施曲線擬合。
如表2中所概述及圖5中所展示,LAG3.5之熔化溫度TM2高於LAG3.1,從而指示較大總體穩定性。表 2
抗體在變性後之再摺疊係長期聚集可能性之反量度(inverse measure)。因此,亦測試LAG-3變體且針對熱可逆性進行比較。具體而言,將抗體加熱至74℃且冷卻至室溫,然後加熱回74℃。第二熱分析圖對第一熱分析圖之曲線下面積之比率提供熱可逆性之估計,此可直接量測構形可逆性。
如表3中所概述及圖6中所展示,LAG3.5之熱可逆性實質性高於所有其他變體。顯而易見,LAG3.5之可逆性百分比(47%)係LAG3.1 (20%)之兩倍以上。熱可逆性與長期聚集可能性密切相關。較低可逆性對應於較高潛在聚集。基於此觀察,LAG3.1潛在地隨時間展現實質性高於LAG3.5之聚集。類似地,所有其他變體皆可潛在地隨時間展現實質性高於LAG3.5之聚集。表 3
3. 聚集
亦使用標準尺寸排除HPLC (SEC-HPLC)根據下列方案測試變體之穩定性作為蛋白質聚集之量度:使用磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水(PBS)將抗體測試試樣稀釋至1.0 mg/ml且將10 uL施加至HPLC (Waters,模型2795)。在凝膠過濾管柱(TOSOH Bioscience, TSKgel G3000 SWxl, 7.8mm × 300mm,產品編號:08541)使用0.1 M磷酸鈉、0.15 M氯化鈉、0.1 M硫酸鈉之流動相(pH 7.2)來達成分離。藉由監測280nm下之UV吸光度來檢測分析物,且使用Empower軟體測定抗體峰面積百分比組成。如表4中所展示,LAG3.5展現實質性小於LAG3.1之聚集。表 4
實例 3 :變體選擇
基於上述研究,選擇抗體變體LAG3.5用於進一步分析,此係基於其與其未修飾形式(LAG3.1)相比具有顯著改良之物理及化學穩定性,尤其係其具有高構形再摺疊能力(熱可逆性)。此分析包含以下兩步驟方式:(a)加速應力評估,(b)隨後12週真實時間穩定性評估。具體而言,將LAG3.5以1.0 mg/ml在40℃下於pH 8.0之50 mM碳酸氫銨中培育5天。分析在5天之後之修飾程度以及對於活性及穩定性之效應。然後使LAG3.5變體在PBS中經受真實時間穩定性條件達12週之持續時間且隨後進行分析。該等研究之結果闡述於下文中。1. 抗原結合
如圖7 (及表5)中所展示,觀察到在5天之後抗原結合並無變化。亦如圖10 A及B中所展示,LAG3.5展現在12週之後抗原結合或物理穩定性並未變化。特定而言,LAG3.5在整個12週時段中於4℃及40℃下皆維持高於LAG3.8之親和力。表 5
2. 化學修飾 / 分子穩定性
使用藉由質譜實施之肽圖譜法來分析LAG3.5與LAG3.1相比之化學/分子穩定性。具體而言,將經純化抗體還原,實施烷基化,實施透析,且使用胰蛋白酶(Promega編號:V5111)及GluC (Roche編號:11047817001)進行消化。藉由奈米-LC MSMS質譜(Thermo Fisher LTQ Orbitrap)分析消化物。
如圖8中所展示,在經受較高pH下之加速穩定性條件(其使天門冬醯胺酸殘基去醯胺化(步驟1))時,LAG3.1與LAG3.5相比展示增加之VH
異質性。在當前實驗條件下不能檢測出由異構化所致之質量變化。將變化百分比表示為組合之所有變化對原蜂之比率。
此外,如圖11中所展示,在於4℃及40℃下經受12週之延長真實時間穩定性條件(步驟2)時,LAG3.1與LAG3.5相比展示增加之VH
異質性。
3.物理穩定性
在PBS中且於pH 8.0下量測熱可逆性。在兩種條件下,LAG3.5同樣與LAG3.1相比展現大約2倍之再摺疊程度。具體而言,如表6-8中所展示,LAG3.5在PBS中展現43%再摺疊(與之相比LAG3.1為18%)。LAG3.5亦在pH 8.0下展現48%再摺疊(與之相比LAG3.1展現29%再摺疊)。表 6 – DSC : 熔化
表 7 – Fluorolog-2 : 伸展
表 8 : DSC :再摺疊
4.電荷異質性
為評價電荷異質性,使用等電聚焦(IEF)利用pI 5.5及pI 10.0之標準標記物與LAG3.1相比來分析變體。簡言之,將抗體溶液與pI 3-10標記物(SERVA目錄編號:39212)一起施加於1 mm厚IEF pI 3-7預製凝膠(Invitrogen目錄編號:EC6648BOX)上。使用IEF 3-7陰極緩衝液(Invitrogen目錄編號:LC5370)及IEF陽極緩衝液(Invitrogen目錄編號:LC5300)實施電泳且按以下順序施加電流:100 V恆定1 hr、200 V恆定1 hr及500 V恆定30 min。使用考馬斯藍(Coomassie blue)對IEF凝膠實施染色以檢測蛋白質帶且使用甲醇-乙酸溶液褪色。然後藉由ImageQuant TL軟體分析IEF凝膠。基於此分析(數據未展示),LAG3.5展現顯著小於LAG3.1之異質性。
5.HIC-HPLC
為評價溶解性,使用標準疏水性相互作用層析(HIC-HPLC)根據下列方案來分析變體:以1 mg/ml將50 uL 2 M硫酸銨添加至50 uL抗體測試試樣中。然後將80 uL測試試樣施加至在線連接至HIC管柱(TOSOH Bioscience, Ether-5PW TSK-gel,7.5mm × 75mm,產品編號:07573)之HPLC (Waters,模型2795)中。在1.0 ml/min之流速下以100%緩衝液A (2 M硫酸銨、0.1 M磷酸鈉,pH 7.0)至100%緩衝液B (0.1M磷酸鈉,pH 7.0)之梯度經50分鐘來洗脫試樣。藉由監測280nm下之UV吸光度來檢測抗體且使用Empower軟體分析數據。如圖9中所展示,LAG3.5之親水性展現在高硫酸銨濃度下之溶解性。實例 4 : T 細胞調介之免疫反應抑制之逆轉
藉助利用抗原特異性小鼠T細胞雜交瘤(3A9)之功能分析來測定LAG3.5之活性。雜交瘤3A9對來自雞卵溶菌酶(HEL48-62)之肽表現T細胞受體特異性且在與肽脈衝MHC匹配之抗原呈現細胞(LK35.2)共培養時分泌IL-2。因huLAG-3-Fc能夠結合至MHC II類陽性小鼠B細胞系,故3A9細胞系中之huLAG-3表現可經由與鼠類呈現細胞系上之II類分子銜接來施加抑制效應。3A9親代細胞與同MHC匹配之抗原呈現細胞共培養之人類LAG-3轉導3A9細胞之肽反應特徵比較顯示,與對照3A9細胞相比,人類LAG-3之表現會抑制肽反應性。藉由使用LAG3.5進行LAG-3阻斷來逆轉此抑制。因此,LAG3.5顯示可阻斷LAG-3調介之抑制。實例 5 : LAG3.5 之 T 細胞活化
使用藉由超抗原SEB刺激之人類PBMC培養液評價原代T細胞上之LAG3.5之功能活性。自18名人類供體之血液分離總PBMC且以以下兩種分析格式中之任一者刺激72小時:(i)固定量之抗體(20 μg/mL)及SEB之連續稀釋液,或( ii)固定量之SEB (85 ng/mL)及抗體之連續稀釋液。藉由ELISA監測所分泌IL-2 (作為T細胞活性之量度)。使用抗體抗PD-1抗體及易普利姆瑪(Ipilimumab)作為陽性對照且亦評估供體子組中LAG3.5與抗PD-1或抗CTLA-4之組合之活性。
與同種型對照抗體治療相比,在18名僅使用LAG3.5治療之供體中之15名中於一定範圍SEB濃度內觀察到增強之IL-2分泌。在大部分情況下,刺激小於針對使用抗PD-1或易普利姆瑪進行治療所觀察者。對於LAG3.5而言,兩種分析格式(闡述於上文中)彼此一致。另外,在所測試6名供體中之5名中,組合LAG3.5與抗PD-1或易普利姆瑪使得刺激程度高於針對與抗PD-1或易普利姆瑪組合之同種型對照抗體所觀察者。該等數據揭示,LAG3.5可在正常人類T細胞分析中發揮作用且可進一步活化藉由抑制PD-1及CTLA-4功能調介之反應。序列表之匯總
緩衝液 | 乙酸鹽(100nM NaCl、3% w/v 甘露醇、0.03% Tween-20) | 檸檬酸鹽(100nM NaCl、3% w/v 甘露醇、0.03% Tween-20) |
pH | 5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0 | 5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0 |
溫度 | 4℃及37℃ | 4℃及37℃ |
時間 | 0、4、8、12週 | 0、4、8、12週 |
MAb | Tm1 (℃) 對應於CH2及/或Fab結構域 | Tm2 (℃) 對應於CH3及/或Fab結構域 |
LAG3.1 | 70.7 | 75.7 |
LAG3.5 | 70.5 | 76.3 |
LAG3.6 | 67.8 | 70.8 |
LAG3.7 | 69.4 | 73.5 |
LAG3.8 | 70.3 | 75.4 |
MAb | 熱可逆性 (%) |
LAG3.1 | 20 |
LAG3.5 | 47 |
LAG3.6 | 0 |
LAG3.7 | 11 |
LAG3.8 | 26 |
試樣 | IgG 單體 ( 峰面積 %) | IgG 聚集物 ( 峰面積 %) |
LAG3.1 | 90 | 10 |
LAG3.5 | 96 | 4 |
LAG3.6 | 96 | 4 |
LAG3.7 | 95 | 5 |
LAG3.8 | 95 | 5 |
純系身份 | 抗原 | KD × 10-9 (M) | K 結合 × 104 (1/Ms) | K 解離 × 10-4 (1/s) |
Lag3.1 | PBS | 0.21 | 166 | 3.44 |
pH8 | 0.20 | 184 | 3.61 | |
Lag3.5 | PBS | 0.25 | 130 | 3.22 |
pH8 | 0.20 | 148 | 2.98 | |
Lag3.8 | PBS | 0.25 | 147 | 3.68 |
pH8 | 0.25 | 162 | 4.02 |
MAb | 條件 | Tm1 | Tm2 |
Lag3.1 | PBS | 70.7 | 75.7 |
Lag3.1 | pH8 | 70.4 | 75.6 |
Lag3.5 | PBS | 70.8 | 76.4 |
Lag3.5 | pH8 | 70.5 | 76.3 |
Mab/ 突變體 | 中點 (M) | 聚集 (M) |
Lag3.1 PBS | 1.99 | - |
Lag3.1 pH8 | 2.08 | - |
Lag3.5 PBS | 1.86 | - |
Lag3.5 pH8 | 2.00 | - |
MAb | 可逆性 % , PBS | 可逆性 % , pH8 |
Lag3.1 | 18 | 29 |
Lag3.5 | 43 | 48 |
圖1A展示25F7人類單株抗體之重鏈可變區之核苷酸序列(SEQ ID NO: 1)及胺基酸序列(SEQ ID NO: 2)。對CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 5)、CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 6)及CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 7)區劃線且指示V、D及J種系衍生物。使用Kabat系統對CDR區劃線(Kabat等人(1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,第5版,U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,NIH公開案第91-3242號)。
圖1B展示25F7人類單株抗體之κ輕鏈可變區之核苷酸序列(SEQ ID NO: 3)及胺基酸序列(SEQ ID NO: 4)。對CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 8)、CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 9)及CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 10)區劃線且指示V及J種系衍生物。抗體25F7之全長重鏈及輕鏈胺基酸序列分別展示於SEQ ID NO: 32及34中。
圖2A展示LAG3.5單株抗體之重鏈可變區之胺基酸序列(SEQ ID NO: 12)。對CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 15)、CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 16)及CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 17)區劃線。抗體LAG3.5之全長重鏈及輕鏈胺基酸序列分別展示於SEQ ID NO: 35及37中。
圖2B展示LAG3.5單株抗體之κ輕鏈可變區之核苷酸序列(SEQ ID NO: 13)及胺基酸序列(SEQ ID NO: 14)。對CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 18)、CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 19)及CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 20)區劃線。
圖3展示LAG-3變體LAG3.5 (SEQ ID NO: 42)、LAG3.6 (SEQ ID NO: 43)、LAG3.7 (SEQ ID NO: 44)及LAG3.8 (SEQ ID NO: 45)之CDR2重鏈可變區序列之胺基酸序列,將其與抗體25F7 (LAG3.1,SEQ ID NO: 41)之CDR2重鏈可變區序列之胺基酸序列及相應人類種系序列(SEQ ID NO: 27)進行比較。LAG3.5之CDR2重鏈可變區與25F7之CDR2重鏈可變區之不同之處在於54位處之精胺酸(R) (對天門冬醯胺酸(N))及56位處之絲胺酸(S) (對天門冬醯胺酸(N))。LAG3.5與25F7之其餘CDR相同。圖3亦揭示SEQ ID NO: 40。
圖4A及4B係展示抗體LAG3.1 (25F7)、LAG3.2、LAG3.5、LAG3.6、LAG3.7及LAG3.8對經活化人類CD4+ T細胞之結合活性(分別為EC50
及親和力)之圖形。圖4B分別揭示SEQ ID NO 41、42、45、44及43 (按出現順序)。
圖5A、5B、5C、5D及5E係分別展示抗體LAG3.1 (25F7)、LAG3.5、LAG3.6、LAG3.7及LAG3.8之熱熔化曲線(亦即熱穩定性)之圖形。
圖6A、6B、6C、6D及6E係分別展示抗體LAG3.1 (25F7)、LAG3.5、LAG3.6、LAG3.7及LAG3.8之熱可逆性曲線(亦即熱穩定性)之圖形。
圖7係展示抗體LAG3.1 (25F7)及LAG3.5對經活化人類CD4+ T細胞之結合活性及抗原結合(Biacore)之圖形。
圖8展示使用質譜對抗體LAG3.1 (25F7)及LAG3.5實施肽圖譜法之結果(化學修飾/分子穩定性),其反映了在如本文所闡述之加速應力條件下培育5天後之去醯胺化及異構化。圖8分別揭示SEQ ID NO 46-52 (按出現順序)。
圖9係比較抗體LAG3.1 (25F7)及LAG3.5之親水性特徵之圖形。
圖10A、10B、10C及10D係比較抗體LAG3.1及LAG3.5在4℃及40℃下(亦即如本文所闡述之加速應力條件及「真實時間」穩定性研究)之親和力及物理穩定性(亦即熱穩定性及化學穩定性)之圖形。
圖11A及11B係比較抗體LAG3.1及LAG3.5在4℃及40℃下之胺基酸序列之修飾百分比之圖形。
<110> 美商必治妥美雅史谷比公司(BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB COMPANY)
<120> 結合淋巴球活化基因-3(LAG-3)之抗體最佳化及其用途
<130> TW 102123687 TW 105142139 TW 106142057 TW 108108488
<140> TW 109125296
<141> 2013-07-02
<150> US 61/667,058
<151> 2012-07-02
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<223> 人工序列之說明:合成肽
<210> 40
<211> 13
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列之說明:合成肽
<210> 41
<211> 11
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列之說明:合成肽
<210> 42
<211> 11
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列之說明:合成肽
<210> 43
<211> 11
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列之說明:合成肽
<210> 44
<211> 11
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
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<210> 45
<211> 11
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
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<210> 46
<211> 14
<212> PRT
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<223> 人工序列之說明:合成肽
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (4)..(4)
<223> 異構化殘基
<210> 47
<211> 14
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
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<223> 人工序列之說明:合成肽
<210> 48
<211> 14
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<210> 49
<211> 14
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
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<210> 50
<211> 14
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列之說明:合成肽
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (8)..(8)
<223> 異構化殘基
<210> 51
<211> 14
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工序列之說明:合成肽
<210> 52
<211> 14
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
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<223> 人工序列之說明:合成肽
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (2)..(2)
<223> 異構化殘基
<210> 53
<211> 113
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
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<223> 人工序列之說明:合成肽
<210> 54
<211> 107
<212> PRT
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<210> 55
<211> 5
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
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<210> 56
<211> 17
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
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<210> 57
<211> 4
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
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<210> 58
<211> 11
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
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<210> 59
<211> 7
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
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<210> 60
<211> 9
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<213> 人工序列
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<223> 人工序列之說明:合成肽
Claims (22)
- 一種單一組合物,其包含:(a)結合人類淋巴球活化基因-3(LAG-3)之單株抗體或其抗原結合部分;(b)抗PD-1抗體或其抗原結合部分;以及(c)醫藥上可接受之載劑;其中該結合人類LAG-3之單株抗體或其抗原結合部分包含重鏈CDR1、CDR2及CDR3區,以及輕鏈CDR1、CDR2及CDR3區,該重鏈CDR1、CDR2及CDR3區分別具有SEQ ID NO:15、16及17之胺基酸序列,以及該輕鏈CDR1、CDR2及CDR3區分別具有SEQ ID NO:18、19及20之胺基酸序列。
- 如請求項1之單一組合物,其中該結合人類LAG-3之單株抗體或其抗原結合部分包含重鏈可變區及輕鏈可變區,該重鏈可變區及輕鏈可變區分別具有SEQ ID NO:12及14之胺基酸序列。
- 如請求項1或2之單一組合物,其中該結合人類LAG-3之單株抗體或其抗原結合部分,其展現下列性質中之一者或組合:(a)結合至猴LAG-3;(b)不結合至小鼠LAG-3;(c)抑制LAG-3與主要組織相容性(MHC)II類分子之結合;或(d)刺激免疫反應。
- 如請求項1或2之單一組合物,其中該結合人類LAG-3之單株抗體或其抗原結合部分刺激抗原特異性T細胞反應中之介白素-2(IL-2)產生,及/或刺激抗腫瘤免疫反應。
- 如請求項1或2之單一組合物,其中該結合人類LAG-3之單株抗體或其抗原結合部分為全長抗體。
- 如請求項1或2之單一組合物,其中該結合人類LAG-3之單株抗體或其抗原結合部分係IgG1、IgG2或IgG4同種型。
- 如請求項1或2之單一組合物,其中該結合人類LAG-3之單株抗體或其抗原結合部分為全長IgG4人類抗體,其以藉由表面電漿共振所測定之0.27×10-9M或更小之KD結合至人類LAG-3。
- 如請求項1或2之單一組合物,其中該結合人類LAG-3之單株抗體或其抗原結合部分包含重鏈及輕鏈,該重鏈及輕鏈分別具有SEQ ID NO:35及37之胺基酸序列。
- 如請求項1或2之單一組合物,其中該結合人類LAG-3之單株抗體或其抗原結合部分係抗體片段或單鏈抗體。
- 如請求項1或2之單一組合物,其中該結合人類LAG-3之單株抗體或 其抗原結合部分為人類、人類化或嵌合抗體,以及該抗PD-1抗體或其抗原結合部分為人類、人類化或嵌合抗體。
- 如請求項1或2之單一組合物,其中該結合人類LAG-3之單株抗體或其抗原結合部分以及該抗PD-1抗體或其抗原結合部分為人類序列單株抗體。
- 如請求項1或2之單一組合物,其中該抗PD-1抗體或其抗原結合部分包含重鏈CDR1、CDR2及CDR3區及輕鏈CDR1、CDR2及CDR3區,該重鏈CDR1、CDR2及CDR3區分別具有SEQ ID NO:55、56及57之胺基酸序列,且該輕鏈CDR1、CDR2及CDR3區分別具有SEQ ID NO:58、59及60之胺基酸序列。
- 如請求項1或2之單一組合物,其中該抗PD-1抗體或其抗原結合部分包含重鏈可變區及輕鏈可變區,該重鏈可變區及輕鏈可變區分別具有SEQ ID NO:53及54之胺基酸序列。
- 如請求項1或2之單一組合物,其係適於靜脈內投與。
- 一種如請求項1至16中任一項之單一組合物用於製造醫藥品之用途,其中該醫藥品係用於刺激個體中之免疫反應。
- 如請求項15之用途,其中該個體係具腫瘤之個體且該經刺激之免疫 反應為對該腫瘤之免疫反應。
- 如請求項15之用途,其中該免疫反應係抗原特異性T細胞反應。
- 如請求項17之用途,其中刺激該抗原特異性T細胞產生介白素-2。
- 一種如請求項1至14中任一項之單一組合物用於製造醫藥品之用途,其中該醫藥品係用於抑制個體中之腫瘤細胞之生長。
- 一種如請求項1至14中任一項之單一組合物用於製造醫藥品之用途,其中該醫藥品係用於治療個體之癌症。
- 如請求項20之用途,其中該癌症係黑素瘤、轉移性惡性黑素瘤、腎癌、透明細胞癌瘤、前列腺癌、激素難治性前列腺腺癌、乳癌、結腸癌、肺癌或非小細胞肺癌。
- 如請求項20之用途,其中該癌症係難治性或復發性惡性腫瘤、或轉移性癌症。
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CN102176921A (zh) * | 2008-08-11 | 2011-09-07 | 梅达雷克斯股份有限公司 | 结合淋巴细胞活化基因3(lag-3)之人类抗体及其用途 |
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