WO2019129137A1 - 抗lag-3抗体及其用途 - Google Patents
抗lag-3抗体及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019129137A1 WO2019129137A1 PCT/CN2018/124315 CN2018124315W WO2019129137A1 WO 2019129137 A1 WO2019129137 A1 WO 2019129137A1 CN 2018124315 W CN2018124315 W CN 2018124315W WO 2019129137 A1 WO2019129137 A1 WO 2019129137A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
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- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
- C12P21/02—Preparation of peptides or proteins having a known sequence of two or more amino acids, e.g. glutathione
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel antibodies and antibody fragments that specifically bind to LAG-3 and compositions containing the antibodies or antibody fragments. Furthermore, the invention relates to nucleic acids encoding the antibodies or antibody fragments thereof, and host cells comprising the same, and related uses. Furthermore, the invention relates to the therapeutic and diagnostic use of these antibodies and antibody fragments. In particular, the invention relates to the combination of these antibodies and antibody fragments with other therapies, such as therapeutic modalities or therapeutic agents, such as anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies.
- Lymphocyte activating gene 3 (LAG-3), also known as CD223, is a type I transmembrane protein encoded by the LAG3 gene in humans.
- LAG-3 is a CD4-like protein expressed on the surface of T cells (especially activated T cells), natural killer cells, B cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
- LAG-3 has been shown to be a negative costimulatory receptor, an inhibitory receptor.
- LAG-3 binds to MHC class II molecules (Baixeras et al (1992) J. Exp. Med. 176: 327-337; Huard et al (1996) Eur. J. Immunol, 26: 1180-1186), in antigen presenting cells ( APC) constitutively expresses a high level of molecular family at the surface of dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells.
- APC antigen presenting cells
- LAG-3 function is dependent on binding to class II MHC and signaling through its cytoplasmic domain. Direct binding of LAG-3 to MHC class II molecules has been suggested to play a role in down-regulating antigen-dependent stimulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes (Huard et al. (1994) Eur. J. Immunol.
- CD8+ T cells depleted after chronic viral infection express multiple inhibitory receptors (eg, PD-1, CD160 and 2B4).
- LAG-3 is expressed at high levels after LCMV infection and shows that blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and blocking LAG-3 significantly reduce viral load in chronically infected mice (Blackburn et al., Nat Immunol (2009) ) 10:29-37). It has also been shown that the combined inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and the LAG-3 blocker provides anti-tumor efficacy (Jing et al, Journal for Immuno Therapy of Cancer (2015) 3:2).
- anti-LAG-3 antibodies particularly humanized or human antibodies, that modulate their activity. Such antibodies are better used to treat tumors as well as other diseases such as infections. It would also be desirable to have new ones that can be used in combination with other therapies (eg, therapeutic agents, such as anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies) for the treatment of tumors, particularly metastatic or refractory tumors, or for the treatment of infections, such as chronic infections.
- therapies eg, therapeutic agents, such as anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies
- Anti-LAG-3 antibody e.g, anti-mouse LAG-3 antibodies that can be used in mouse models to facilitate the study of the in vivo biological activity of antibodies.
- antibody molecules that bind to LAG-3, such as fully human antibody molecules or humanized antibody molecules. Also provided are nucleic acids encoding the antibodies or antibody fragments thereof, expression vectors, host cells and methods for producing antibody molecules. Immunoconjugates, multispecific or bispecific antibody molecules comprising an anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule, and pharmaceutical compositions are also provided.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecules disclosed herein can be used to treat, prevent, and/or diagnose neoplastic diseases and infections, alone or in combination with other therapies, such as therapeutic agents (eg, anti-PD-1 antibodies or anti-PD-L1 antibodies) or treatments. Sexual disease.
- compositions and methods for detecting LAG-3 and methods of treating various diseases, including tumors and/or infectious diseases, using anti-LAG-3 antibody molecules are also provided.
- an antibody of the invention or a fragment thereof (specific) binds to LAG-3.
- an antibody or fragment thereof (specifically) of the invention binds to human LAG-3 or mouse LAG-3.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof of the invention binds LAG-3 (eg, human LAG-3) with high affinity, eg, binds to LAG-3 with the following equilibrium dissociation constant (K D ), the K D of less than about 10OnM, preferably less than or equal to about 50 nM, more preferably less than or equal to about 20 nM, more preferably less than or equal to about 10nM, 9nM, 8nM, 7nM, 6nM, 5nM, 4nM, 3nM or 2nM Most preferably, the K D is less than or equal to about 1 nM, 0.9 nM, 0.8 nM or 0.7 nM.
- K D equilibrium dissociation constant
- the anti-LAG-3 antibodies of the invention are in the range of 0.1-20 nM, preferably 0.5-20 nM, more preferably 0.5-10 nM, 0.5-8 nM, 0.5-5 nM, most preferably 0.5-1 nM, 0.5-0.8. nM, 0.5-0.7nM, 0.6-0.7nM K D binding of LAG-3.
- LAG-3 is human LAG-3.
- the LAG-3 is mouse LAG-3.
- antibody binding affinity is determined using a bio-optical interference assay (eg, Fortebio affinity measurement) assay.
- an antibody or fragment thereof of the invention binds to a cell expressing human LAG-3, eg, at less than or equal to about 3.3 nM, 3 nM, 2 nM, 1.5 nM, 1.4 nM, 1.3 nM, 1.2 nM, 1.1 nM , EC50 of 1 nM, 0.9 nM, 0.8 nM, 0.7 nM, 0.6 nM or 0.5 nM.
- the binding is determined by flow cytometry (eg, FACS).
- the human LAG-3 expressing cell is a human LAG-3 expressing 293 cell (eg, HEK293 cell).
- an antibody or fragment thereof of the invention binds to a cell expressing mouse LAG-3, eg, with an EC50 of less than or equal to about 15000 nM, 14000 nM, or 13000 nM. In some embodiments, an antibody or fragment thereof of the invention binds to a cell expressing mouse LAG-3, eg, with an EC50 of less than or equal to about 50 nM, such as an EC50 of about 40-50 nM, an EC50 of about 40-45 nM, or An EC50 of approximately 42 nM. In some embodiments, the binding is determined by flow cytometry (eg, FACS). In some embodiments, the cell expressing mouse LAG-3 is a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell expressing mouse LAG-3.
- CHO Chinese hamster ovary
- the antibody or fragment thereof of the present invention inhibit the activity of LAG-3-related, for example, less than or equal to about 20nM, 10nM, 9nM, 8nM, 7nM, 6nM 5nM or the IC 50, preferably about 1-6nM , 1-5nM, 4nM, 4.5nM, 5nM , 5.1nM, 5.2nM, 5.3nM, 5.4nM, 5.5nM, 5.6nM, 5.7nM, 5.8nM, 5.9nM or 6nM the IC 50.
- the related activity of LAG-3 is the binding of an MHC class II molecule to LAG-3.
- the antibody or fragment of the invention is less than or equal to about 20nM, 10nM, 9nM, 8nM, 7nM, 6nM 5nM or the IC 50, preferably about 1-6nM, 1-5nM, 4nM, 4.5nM , 5nM, 5.1nM, 5.2nM, 5.3nM , 5.4nM, 5.5nM, 5.6nM, 5.7nM, 5.8nM, 5.9nM or 6nM IC 50 inhibition of LAG-3 and MHC II expression on a cell MHC class II molecules
- the MHC class II molecule is HLA-DR.
- the cell is a CHO cell.
- inhibition of the associated activity of LAG-3 by the antibody or fragment thereof of the invention is measured by flow cytometry (e.g., FACS).
- an antibody or fragment thereof of the invention binds to endogenous LAG-3 on the surface of activated CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells, eg, at less than or equal to about 35 pM, 30 pMnM, 25 pM, 20 pM, 15 pM, EC 14pM 13pM, or 50, preferably about 1-20pM, 5-20pM, 5-15pM, 10-15pM, 11-13pM, 10pM, 11pM, 12pM 13pM, or the EC 50.
- the activated CD4+ T cells are activated human CD4+ T cells.
- the above binding is determined by flow cytometry (e.g., FACS). In some embodiments, flow cytometry is performed in an Accuri C6 system.
- an antibody or fragment thereof of the invention inhibits one or more activities of LAG-3, for example, resulting in one or more of the following: increased antigen-dependent stimulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes; T cell proliferation Increased; increased expression of activated antigen (eg, CD25); increased expression of cytokines (eg, increased interferon-interferon; cytokine, interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interleukin-4 (IL-4)); Increased expression of chemokines (eg, CCL3, CCL4, or CCL5); decreased repression activity of Treg cells; increased T cell homeostasis; increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes; or reduced immune evasion of cancer cells.
- activated antigen eg, CD25
- cytokines eg, increased interferon-interferon; cytokine, interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interleukin-4 (IL-4)
- chemokines eg, CCL3, CCL4, or CCL5
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof of the invention is capable of eliciting antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).
- ADCC antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody of the invention is effective to treat a tumor (eg, cancer) or an infectious disease (eg, a chronic infection).
- a tumor eg, cancer
- an infectious disease eg, a chronic infection
- the anti-LAG-3 antibodies of the invention are capable of treating tumors, particularly metastatic or refractory tumors, in combination with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies.
- the tumor is a cancer.
- the tumor is a gastrointestinal tumor.
- the cancer is colon cancer.
- the heavy and/or light chain of an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof of the invention further comprises a signal peptide sequence, such as METDTLLLWVLLLWVPGSTG (SEQ ID NO: 48).
- the antibodies of the invention also encompass variants of the amino acid sequence of an anti-LAG-3 antibody, as well as antibodies that bind to the same epitope as any of the anti-LAG-3 antibodies or fragments thereof described above.
- an antibody or antibody fragment (preferably an antigen-binding fragment) that binds to LAG-3 or a fragment thereof is provided, wherein the antibody or antibody fragment binds to an epitope within LAG-3.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody of the invention is an antibody in the form of IgGl, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgM, IgA1, IgA2, IgD or IgE.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody of the invention comprises a heavy chain constant region selected from the group consisting of a heavy chain constant region such as IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgM, IgA1, IgA2, IgD, and IgE; From the heavy chain constant region of the heavy chain constant region of, for example, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, more specifically, the heavy chain constant region of IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4, such as the heavy chain constant region of human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4.
- the heavy chain constant region is a human IgGl or human IgG4 heavy chain constant region. In one embodiment, the heavy chain constant region is a human IgG4 heavy chain constant region. In another embodiment, the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule has, for example, a light chain constant region selected from the kappa or lambda light chain constant region, preferably a light chain constant region of kappa (eg, human kappa).
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule comprises a heavy chain constant region of IgG4 (eg, human IgG4).
- human IgG4 comprises a substitution at position 228 according to the EU number (eg, Ser to Pro substitution).
- human IgG4 is mutated to AA at positions 114-115 (EU numbering) (Armour KL1, Clark MR, Hadley AG, Williamson LM, Eur J Immunol. 1999 Aug; 29(8): 2613 24, Recombinant human IgG molecules lacking Fcgamma receptor I binding and monocyte triggering activities).
- the heavy chain constant region comprises or has at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95% of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:46 A sequence of 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more identity, or consists of the sequence.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule comprises a kappa light chain constant region, eg, a human kappa light chain constant region.
- the light chain constant region comprises or has at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47 A sequence of %, 97%, 98%, 99% or more identity, or consists of the sequence.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule comprises a heavy chain constant region of IgG4 (eg, a human IgG4 heavy chain constant region) and a kappa light chain constant region (eg, a human kappa light chain constant region).
- the constant region is a mutated IgG4, eg, a mutated human IgG4 (eg, having a mutation at position 228 according to EU numbering (eg, S228P mutation)).
- the human IgG4 heavy chain constant region comprises or has at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94% of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:46, A sequence of 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more identity, or consists of the sequence.
- the human kappa light chain constant region comprises or has at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95% of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47 A sequence of 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more identity, or consists of the sequence.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule is isolated or recombinant.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody is a monoclonal antibody or an antibody having monospecificity.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule can also be a humanized, chimeric, camelid, shark or antibody molecule produced in vitro.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody is humanized.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody is a human antibody.
- at least a portion of the framework sequence of the anti-LAG-3 antibody is a human consensus framework sequence.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody of the invention further encompasses an antibody fragment thereof, preferably an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', Fab'-SH, Fv, single chain antibody (eg, scFv) or ( Fab') 2 , single domain antibody, double antibody (dAb) or linear antibody.
- an antibody fragment thereof preferably an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', Fab'-SH, Fv, single chain antibody (eg, scFv) or ( Fab') 2 , single domain antibody, double antibody (dAb) or linear antibody.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule is in the form of a bispecific or multispecific antibody molecule.
- the bispecific antibody molecule has a first binding specificity for LAG-3 and for PD-1, TIM-3, CEACAM (eg, CEACAM-1 and/or CEACAM-5), PD-L1 Or the second binding specificity of PD-L2.
- the bispecific antibody molecule binds to LAG-3 and PD-1.
- the bispecific antibody molecule binds to LAG-3 and PD-L1.
- the bispecific antibody molecule binds to LAG-3 and PD-L2. Any combination of the foregoing molecules can be produced in a multispecific antibody molecule.
- Multispecific antibody molecules such as trispecific antibody molecules, comprising a first binding specificity for LAG-3 and a second and third binding specificity for one or more of the following molecules: PD-1, TIM- 3.
- CEACAM eg, CEACAM-1 or CEACAM-5
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule is used in combination with a bispecific molecule comprising one or more of: PD-1, TIM-3, CEACAM (eg, CEACAM-1 or CEACAM-5), PD -L1 or PD-L2.
- a bispecific molecule comprising one or more of: PD-1, TIM-3, CEACAM (eg, CEACAM-1 or CEACAM-5), PD -L1 or PD-L2.
- the invention provides a nucleic acid encoding any of the above anti-LAG-3 antibodies or fragments thereof.
- a vector comprising the nucleic acid is provided.
- the vector is an expression vector.
- a host cell comprising the nucleic acid or the vector is provided.
- the host cell is eukaryotic.
- the host cell is selected from the group consisting of a yeast cell, a mammalian cell (eg, a CHO cell or a 293 cell), or other cell suitable for use in the preparation of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
- the host cell is prokaryotic, such as an E. coli cell.
- the invention provides a method of making an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof (preferably an antigen-binding fragment), wherein the method comprises expressing the antibody or fragment thereof (preferably an antigen-binding fragment) suitable for expression
- the host cell is cultured under conditions of a nucleic acid, and the antibody or fragment thereof (preferably an antigen-binding fragment) is optionally isolated.
- the method further comprises recovering an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof, preferably an antigen binding fragment, from the host cell.
- the invention provides an immunoconjugate comprising any of the anti-LAG-3 antibodies and other materials provided herein, such as a cytotoxic agent or label.
- the immunoconjugate is used to prevent or treat a tumor (eg, cancer) or an infectious disease.
- the tumor is a gastrointestinal tumor (eg, a cancer), such as colon cancer.
- the infectious disease is a chronic infection.
- the invention provides compositions comprising any of the anti-LAG-3 antibodies or fragments thereof, preferably antigen binding fragments thereof, or immunoconjugates thereof, preferably a composition, which is a pharmaceutical composition.
- the composition further comprises a pharmaceutical excipient.
- a composition eg, a pharmaceutical composition, comprises an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof of the invention, or an immunoconjugate thereof, and one or more additional therapeutic agents (eg, chemotherapeutic agents, cytotoxicity) Agent, vaccine, other antibody, anti-infective active agent or immunomodulatory agent (for example, an activator of a costimulatory molecule or an inhibitor of an immunological checkpoint molecule), preferably an anti-PD-1 antibody, an anti-PD-L1 antibody or an anti-PD- A combination of L2 antibodies).
- additional therapeutic agents eg, chemotherapeutic agents, cytotoxicity
- Agent e.g, chemotherapeutic agents, cytotoxicity
- vaccine e.g, other antibody, anti-infective active agent or immunomodulatory agent (for example, an activator of a costimulatory molecule or an inhibitor of an immunological checkpoint molecule), preferably an anti-PD-1 antibody, an anti-PD-L1 antibody or an anti-PD- A combination of L2 antibodies).
- the pharmaceutical composition is for use in preventing or treating a tumor (eg, cancer) or an infection.
- a tumor eg, cancer
- the tumor is a gastrointestinal tumor (eg, a cancer), such as colon cancer.
- the infectious disease is a chronic infection.
- the invention relates to a method of preventing or treating a tumor (eg, cancer) or an infectious disease in a subject or individual, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the anti-LAGs described herein -3 antibody or fragment thereof, pharmaceutical composition or immunoconjugate.
- the tumor is a gastrointestinal tumor (eg, a cancer), such as colon cancer.
- the infectious disease is a chronic infection.
- the invention features a use of any of the anti-LAG-3 antibodies or fragments thereof described herein for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a tumor (eg, cancer) or infection in a subject.
- the tumor is a gastrointestinal tumor (eg, a cancer), such as colon cancer.
- the infectious disease is a chronic infection.
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a method of preventing or treating a tumor (eg, cancer) or an infectious disease in a subject or individual, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the antibodies described herein A LAG-3 antibody or fragment, pharmaceutical composition or immunoconjugate thereof, and a PD-1 axis binding antagonist or a drug or active agent comprising the PD-1 axis binding antagonist.
- the tumor is a gastrointestinal tumor (eg, a cancer), such as colon cancer.
- the infectious disease is a chronic infection.
- the invention relates to any of the anti-LAG-3 antibodies or fragments thereof described herein in combination with a PD-1 axis binding antagonist for use in the preparation of a tumor (eg, cancer) or infectious disease in a subject.
- a tumor eg, cancer
- infectious disease is a chronic infection.
- the PD-1 axis binding antagonist comprises, for example, an anti-PD-1 antibody or an anti-PD-L1 antibody or an anti-PD-L2 antibody.
- the treatment modality includes surgical treatment and/or radiation therapy.
- the additional therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of a chemotherapeutic agent, a cytotoxic agent, a vaccine, other antibodies, an anti-infective active agent, or an immunomodulatory agent (eg, an activator of a costimulatory molecule or an inhibitor of an immunological checkpoint molecule).
- the subject or individual is a non-human animal. In some embodiments, the subject or individual is a mammal, preferably a human.
- the invention relates to a method of detecting LAG-3 in a sample, the method comprising (a) contacting the sample with any of the anti-LAG-3 antibodies or fragments thereof described herein; and (b) detecting the anti-LAG- 3 Formation of a complex between an antibody or a fragment thereof and LAG-3.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody is detectably labeled.
- the invention relates to a kit or article comprising any of the anti-LAG-3 antibodies or fragments thereof described herein.
- the kit or article of manufacture comprises an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof described herein, and an optional pharmaceutical excipient.
- the kit or article further comprises instructions for administering a drug to treat a tumor or infection.
- the invention also encompasses any combination of any of the embodiments described herein. Any of the embodiments described herein, or any combination thereof, are suitable for use in any and all of the anti-LAG-3 antibodies or fragments, methods and uses thereof of the invention described herein.
- Figure 1 shows the binding ability of the parent antibody and cell surface hLAG-3 detected by flow cytometry.
- Figure 2 shows the binding ability of affinity matured antibodies to cell surface hLAG-3 as detected by flow cytometry.
- Figure 3 shows that anti-LAG-3 antibodies detected by flow cytometry block the interaction of human MHC II (HLA-DR) and LAG-3.
- Figure 4 shows the binding ability of anti-LAG-3 antibody and activated human CD4+ T cells detected by flow cytometry.
- Figure 5 shows the binding ability of anti-LAG-3 antibody and cell surface mouse LAG-3 detected by flow cytometry.
- Figure 6 shows the inhibition of tumors in a CT26 xenograft model using a combination of an anti-LAG-3 antibody and an anti-PD-1 antibody.
- Figure 7 shows the inhibition of tumors in the NOG model using an anti-LAG-3 antibody in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody or PD-L1.
- Figure 8 shows the IL-2 standard curve.
- Figure 9 shows the effect of antibody or antibody combinations on the secretion of IL-2 by activated human CD4+ T cells.
- IC50 produces a concentration of 50% inhibition
- VH heavy chain variable region VH heavy chain variable region
- Binding affinity refers to the strength of the sum of all non-covalent interactions between a single binding site of a molecule (eg, an antibody) and its binding partner (eg, an antigen).
- binding affinity refers to the intrinsic binding affinity that reflects a 1:1 interaction between a member of a binding pair (eg, an antibody and an antigen), unless otherwise indicated.
- the affinity of molecule X for its partner Y is generally expressed by the equilibrium dissociation constant (K D ). Affinity can be measured by conventional methods known in the art, including those known in the art and described herein.
- lymphocyte activating gene-3 or "LAG-3” includes all isotypes, mammalian (eg, human) LAG-3, a species homolog of human LAG-3, and at least one common to LAG-3. An analog of an epitope.
- Amino acid sequences and nucleotide sequences of LAG-3 e.g., human LAG-3) are known in the art, for example, see Triebel et al, (1990) J. Exp. Med. 171: 1393-1405.
- the term “human LAG-3” refers to the complete amino acid sequence of human sequence LAG-3, such as human LAG-3 of Genbank Accession No. NP_002277.
- mouse LAG-3 refers to the complete amino acid sequence of mouse sequence LAG-3, such as mouse LAG-3 of Genbank Accession No. NP_032505.
- LAG-3 is also referred to in the prior art as, for example, CD223.
- the human LAG-3 sequence may have, for example, a conservative mutation or a mutation in a non-conserved region different from the human LAG-3 of Genbank Accession No. NP_002277, and the LAG-3 is substantially identical to the human LAG-3 of Genbank Accession No. NP_002277.
- Biological function for example, the biological function of human LAG-3 is to have an epitope in the extracellular domain of LAG-3, which is specifically bound by the antibodies of the present disclosure, or the biological function of human LAG-3 is to bind to MHC class II molecules .
- anti-LAG-3 antibody refers to an antibody capable of binding LAG with sufficient affinity. -3 protein or a fragment thereof.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody binds to a non-LAG-3 protein to a lesser extent than about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50% of the binding of the antibody to LAG-3.
- monoclonal antibody or “mAb” or “Mab” refers to a single copy or cloned antibody derived from, for example, a eukaryotic, prokaryotic or phage clone, and does not refer to methods of its production.
- Monoclonal antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof can be produced, for example, by hybridoma technology, recombinant techniques, phage display technology, synthetic techniques such as CDR grafting, or a combination of such or other techniques known in the art.
- “Native antibody” refers to a naturally occurring immunoglobulin molecule having a different structure.
- a native IgG antibody is an isotetrameric glycoprotein of about 150,000 daltons composed of two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains bonded with a disulfide. From N to C, each heavy chain has a variable region (VH), also known as a variable or heavy chain variable domain, followed by three constant domains (CH1, CH2, and CH3). Similarly, from N to C, each light chain has a variable region (VL), also known as a variable light or light chain variable domain, followed by a constant light (CL) domain.
- the antibody light chain can be assigned to one of two types, called kappa ( ⁇ ) and lambda ( ⁇ ).
- a "native sequence Fc region” comprises an amino acid sequence identical to the amino acid sequence of an Fc region found in nature.
- the native sequence human Fc region comprises the native sequence human IgG1 Fc region (non-A and A allotype); the native sequence human IgG2 Fc region; the native sequence human IgG3 Fc region; and the native sequence human IgG4 Fc region; and naturally occurring variants thereof .
- Antibody fragment refers to a molecule that is distinct from an intact antibody that comprises a portion of an intact antibody and binds to an antigen to which the intact antibody binds.
- antibody fragments include, but are not limited to, Fv, Fab, Fab', Fab'-SH, F(ab')2; diabodies; linear antibodies; single chain antibodies (eg, scFv); single domain antibodies; Specific antibodies or fragments thereof; camelid antibodies; and bispecific antibodies or multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments.
- epitope refers to a portion of an antigen (eg, human LAG-3) that specifically interacts with an antibody molecule.
- This portion referred to herein as an epitope determinant
- an epitope determinant typically comprises an element such as an amino acid side chain or a sugar side chain or a component thereof.
- Epitope determinants can be defined according to methods known in the art or disclosed herein (e.g., by crystallography or by hydrogen-oxime exchange).
- At least one or some portion of the antibody molecule that specifically interacts with an epitope determinant is generally located within the CDR.
- epitopes have specific three dimensional structural characteristics.
- epitopes have specific charge characteristics. Some epitopes are linear epitopes, while others are conformational epitopes.
- An antibody that "binds to the same or overlapping epitope" as a reference antibody refers to an antibody that blocks 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95% of the reference antibody in its competition assay Binding of the antigen, in other words, the reference antibody blocks 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more of the binding of the antibody to its antigen in a competition assay.
- An antibody that competes with a reference antibody for binding to its antigen refers to an antibody that blocks 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more of the binding of the reference antibody to its antigen in a competition assay.
- the reference antibody blocks 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more of the binding of the antibody to its antigen in a competition assay.
- Numerous types of competitive binding assays can be used to determine whether an antibody competes with another assay such as solid phase direct or indirect radioimmunoassay (RIA), solid phase direct or indirect enzyme immunoassay (EIA), sandwich competition. Assay (see for example Stahli et al, 1983, Methods in Enzymology 9: 242-253).
- An antibody that inhibits (eg, competitively inhibits) binding of a reference antibody to its antigen refers to an antibody that inhibits binding of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95% of the reference antibody to its antigen. . Conversely, the reference antibody inhibits binding of the antibody to its antigen by 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more.
- the binding of an antibody to its antigen can be measured by affinity (eg, equilibrium dissociation constant). Methods for determining affinity are known in the art.
- An antibody that exhibits the same or similar binding affinity and/or specificity as a reference antibody refers to an antibody that is capable of binding at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the reference antibody. Affinity and / or specificity. This can be determined by any method known in the art for determining binding affinity and/or specificity.
- a “complementarity determining region” or “CDR region” or “CDR” is a sequence that is hypervariable in an antibody variable domain and that forms a structurally defined loop ("hypervariable loop") and/or contains an antigen contact residue ( The area of the "antigen contact point”).
- the CDR is primarily responsible for binding to an epitope.
- the CDRs of the heavy and light chains are commonly referred to as CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3, numbered sequentially from the N-terminus.
- the CDRs located within the antibody heavy chain variable domain are referred to as HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3, while the CDRs located within the antibody light chain variable domain are referred to as LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3.
- each CDR can be determined using any one or combination of a number of well-known antibody CDR assignment systems, including For example: Chothia based on the three-dimensional structure of the antibody and the topology of the CDR loop (Chothia et al.
- the residues of each CDR are as follows.
- the CDRs can also be determined based on having the same Kabat numbering position as the reference CDR sequence (e.g., any of the exemplary CDRs of the invention).
- the CDRs of the antibodies of the invention are determined by Kabat rules, rules are determined by IMGT, or rules are determined by AbM, or by a combination thereof, for example, the sequences are as shown in Table 1.
- the boundaries of the CDRs of the variable regions of the same antibody obtained based on different assignment systems may vary. That is, the CDR sequences of the same antibody variable region defined under different assignment systems are different.
- the scope of the antibody also encompasses an antibody whose variable region sequence comprises the particular CDR sequence, but due to the application of a different protocol (eg Different assignment system rules or combinations result in different claimed CDR boundaries than the specific CDR boundaries defined by the present invention.
- Antibodies with different specificities have different binding sites for different antigens
- CDRs have different CDRs (under the same assignment system).
- the CDRs differ between antibodies and antibodies, only a limited number of amino acid positions within the CDRs are directly involved in antigen binding.
- the minimum binding unit can be a sub-portion of the CDR.
- residues of the remainder of the CDR sequences can be determined by the structure of the antibody and protein folding. Accordingly, the invention also contemplates variants of any of the CDRs presented herein. For example, in a variant of one CDR, the amino acid residues of the smallest binding unit may remain unchanged, while the remaining CDR residues defined by Kabat or Chothia may be replaced by conservative amino acid residues.
- IgA immunoglobulin 1
- IgG 2 immunoglobulin 2
- IgG 3 immunoglobulin 3
- IgG 4 immunoglobulin 1
- IgA 2 immunoglobulin 2
- the heavy chain constant domains corresponding to different classes of immunoglobulins are referred to as ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ , respectively.
- Antibody in IgG form refers to the IgG form to which the heavy chain constant region of an antibody belongs.
- the heavy chain constant regions of all antibodies of the same type are identical, and the heavy chain constant regions differ between different types of antibodies.
- an antibody in the form of IgG4 refers to an Ig domain whose heavy chain constant region Ig domain is IgG4.
- PD-1 axis binding antagonist refers to a molecule that inhibits the interaction of a PD-1 axis binding partner with one or more of its binding partners, thereby removing signals originating from the PD-1 signaling axis. Conducted T cell dysfunction - one result is the restoration or enhancement of T cell function (eg proliferation, cytokine production, target cell killing).
- PD-1 axis binding antagonists include PD-1 binding antagonists (eg, anti-PD-1 antibodies), PD-L1 binding antagonists (eg, anti-PD-L1 antibodies), and PD-L2 binding antagonists. (eg anti-PD-L2 antibody).
- PD-1 binding antagonist refers to a molecule that reduces, blocks, inhibits, eliminates or interferes with the binding of PD-1 to one or more of its binding partners (such as PD-L1, PD-L2). Interacting signal transduction.
- the PD-1 binding antagonist is a molecule that inhibits PD-1 binding to one or more of its binding partners.
- the PD-1 binding antagonist inhibits PD-1 binding to PD-L1 and/or PD-L2.
- a PD-1 binding antagonist comprises an anti-PD-1 antibody that reduces, blocks, inhibits, eliminates or interferes with signal transduction from PD-1 interaction with PD-L1 and/or PD-L2, and antigen binding thereof.
- the PD-1 binding antagonist reduces a cell surface protein-mediated negative costimulatory signal (via PD-1 mediated signaling) expressed on or via T lymphocytes, thereby enabling dysfunctional T cells Less dysfunctional (eg, enhancing effector response to antigen recognition).
- the PD-1 binding antagonist is an anti-PD-1 antibody.
- the PD-1 binding antagonist is MDX-1106 (nivolumab), MK-3475 (pembrolizumab), CT-011 (pidilizumab) or AMP-224 as disclosed in WO2015/095423.
- the anti-PD-1 antibody is "Antibody C" as disclosed in WO 2017/133540.
- the anti-PD-1 antibody is "Antibody D" as disclosed in WO 2017/025016.
- PD-L1 binding antagonist refers to a molecule that reduces, blocks, inhibits, eliminates or interferes with the binding of PD-L1 from one or more of its binding partners (such as PD-1, B7-1). Interacting signal transduction.
- the PD-L1 binding antagonist is a molecule that inhibits PD-L1 binding to its binding partner.
- the PD-L1 binding antagonist inhibits PD-L1 binding to PD-1 and/or B7-1.
- the PD-L1 binding antagonist comprises reducing, blocking, inhibiting, eliminating or interfering with the interaction of PD-L1 from one or more of its binding partners (such as PD-1, B7-1) Signal transduced anti-PD-L1 antibodies, antigen-binding fragments thereof, immunoadhesins, fusion proteins, oligopeptides and other molecules.
- the PD-L1 binding antagonist reduces a cell surface protein-mediated negative costimulatory signal (via PD-L1 mediated signaling) expressed on or via T lymphocytes, thereby enabling dysfunctional T cells Less dysfunctional (eg, enhancing effector response to antigen recognition).
- the PD-L1 binding antagonist is an anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- the anti-PD-L1 antibody is YW243.55.S70, MDX-1105, MPDL3280A or MEDI4736 as disclosed in WO2015/095423.
- PD-L2 binding antagonist refers to a molecule that reduces, blocks, inhibits, eliminates or interferes with signals derived from the interaction of PD-L2 with one or more of its binding partners, such as PD-1. divert.
- the PD-L2 binding antagonist is a molecule that inhibits PD-L2 binding to one or more of its binding partners.
- the PD-L2 binding antagonist inhibits PD-L2 binding to PD-1.
- the PD-L2 antagonist comprises reducing, blocking, inhibiting, eliminating or interfering with signal transduction derived from the interaction of PD-L2 with one or more of its binding partners, such as PD-1.
- Anti-PD-L2 antibodies, antigen-binding fragments thereof, immunoadhesins, fusion proteins, oligopeptides and other molecules are included in the PD-L2 binding antagonist.
- the PD-L2 binding antagonist reduces a cell surface protein-mediated negative costimulatory signal (via PD-L2 mediated signaling) expressed on or via T lymphocytes, thereby enabling dysfunctional T cells Less dysfunctional (eg, enhancing effector response to antigen recognition).
- the PD-L2 binding antagonist is an immunoadhesin.
- ADCC antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- FcR Fc receptor
- cytotoxic cells eg, NK cells, neutrophils, and macrophages.
- Secretory immunoglobulins enable these cytotoxic effector cells to specifically bind to target cells carrying the antigen, followed by cytotoxicity to kill the cytotoxic form of the target cells.
- the main cell that mediates ADCC NK cells, express only Fc ⁇ RIII, whereas monocytes express Fc ⁇ RI, Fc ⁇ RII, and Fc ⁇ RIII.
- Table 3 on page 464 of Ravetch and Kinet, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 9:457-92 (1991) summarizes FcR expression on hematopoietic cells.
- an in vitro ADCC assay can be performed, such as that described in U.S. Patent No. 5,500,362 or 5,821,337 or U.S. Patent No. 6,737,056 (Presta). Effector cells that can be used in such assays include PBMC and NK cells. Alternatively/in addition, the ADCC activity of the molecule of interest can be assessed in vivo, for example, in animal models such as those disclosed in Clynes et al, PNAS (USA) 95:652-656 (1998).
- cytotoxic agent or "cytotoxic factor” as used in the present invention refers to a substance which inhibits or prevents cellular function and/or causes cell death or destruction. Examples of cytotoxic agents are disclosed in WO 2015/153513, WO 2016/028672 or WO 2015/138920.
- therapeutic agent encompasses any substance that is effective in preventing or treating a tumor (eg, cancer) and an infection (eg, a chronic infection), including a chemotherapeutic agent, a cytotoxic agent, a vaccine, other antibodies, an anti-infective active agent, or An immunomodulator, such as any of the materials disclosed in WO2016/028672 or WO2015/138920, which can be used in combination with an anti-LAG-3 antibody.
- “Chemotherapeutic agents” include chemical compounds that are useful in the treatment of cancer. Examples of chemotherapeutic agents are disclosed in WO 2015/153513 or WO 2016/028672 or WO 2015/138920.
- cytokine is a generic term for a protein that is released by one cell population and acts as an intercellular medium on another cell.
- cytokines are lymphokines, mononuclear factors; interleukins (IL) such as IL-1, IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL. -7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-11, IL-12, IL-15; tumor necrosis factor, such as TNF- ⁇ or TNF- ⁇ ; and other polypeptide factors, including LIF and kit ligand (KL) And ⁇ -interferon.
- IL interleukins
- IL-1 interleukins
- IL-2 interleukins
- IL-3 interleukins
- IL-5 IL-6
- IL. -7 IL-8
- IL-9 IL-11, IL-12, IL-15
- tumor necrosis factor such as TNF- ⁇ or TNF- ⁇
- KL kit ligand
- costimulatory molecule refers to a related binding partner on a T cell that specifically binds to a costimulatory ligand, and thus is mediated by T cells, such as, but not limited to, proliferation.
- Costimulatory molecules are cell surface molecules other than antigen receptors or their ligands required for efficient immune responses.
- Costimulatory molecules include, but are not limited to, MHC class I molecules, TNF receptor proteins, immunoglobulin-like proteins, cytokine receptors, integrins, activation molecules of signaling lymphocytes (SLAM proteins), NK cell activating receptors , BTLA, Toll ligand receptor, OX40, CD2, CD7, CD27, CD28, CD30, CD40, CDS, ICAM-1, LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), 4-1BB (CD137), B7-H3, CDS , ICAM-1, ICOS (CD278), GITR, BAFFR, LIGHT, HVEM (LIGHTR), KIRDS2, SLAMF7, NKp80 (KLRF1), NKp44, NKp30, NKp46, CD19, CD4, CD8 ⁇ , CD8 ⁇ , IL2R ⁇ , IL2R ⁇ , IL7R ⁇ , ITGA4, VLA1, CD49a, ITGA4, IA4, CD49D, ITGA6, VLA
- activator or "agonist” includes a substance that increases certain parameters (eg, activity) of a given molecule (eg, a costimulatory molecule).
- a given molecule eg, a costimulatory molecule
- the term includes a substance that increases the activity of the given molecule by at least 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% or more (eg, costimulatory activity).
- Immunoassay molecule means a group of molecules on the cell surface of CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells. These molecules can effectively act as “brakes” that down-regulate or inhibit anti-tumor immune responses.
- Immunological checkpoint molecules include, but are not limited to, programmed death 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), B7H1, B7H4, OX-40, CD137, CD40, and LAG-3, which directly inhibit Immune Cells.
- inhibitor or "antagonist” includes a substance that reduces certain parameters (eg, activity) of a given molecule (eg, an immunological checkpoint inhibitor protein).
- diabody refers to an antibody fragment having two antigen binding sites comprising a heavy chain variable domain linked to a light chain variable domain (VL) in the same polypeptide chain (VH-VL). (VH).
- VL light chain variable domain
- VH light chain variable domain
- linker that is too short to be able to pair between two domains on the same chain, the domains are forced to pair with the complementary domains of the other chain to create two antigen binding sites.
- Diabodies can be bivalent or bispecific. Diabodies are more fully described, for example, in EP 404,097; WO 1993/01161; Hudson et al, Nat. Med. 9: 129-134 (2003); and Hollinger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA ) 90:6444-6448 (1993). Tri- and tetra-antibodies are also described in Hudson et al, Nat. Med. 9: 129-134 (2003).
- a “functional Fc region” possesses an “effector function” of the native sequence Fc region.
- effector functions include C1q binding; CDC; Fc receptor binding; ADCC; phagocytosis; downregulation of cell surface receptors (eg, B cell receptor; BCR), and the like.
- Such effector functions generally require that the Fc region be associated with a binding domain (eg, an antibody variable domain) and can be assessed using a variety of assays, such as those disclosed herein.
- Antibody effector function refers to those biological activities attributable to the Fc region of an antibody that vary with the antibody isotype. Examples of antibody effector functions include: C1q binding and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC); Fc receptor binding; antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC); phagocytosis; cell surface receptors (eg, B cell receptors) Down); and B cell activation.
- Human effector cell refers to a leukocyte that expresses one or more FcRs and functions as an effector. In certain embodiments, the cell expresses at least Fc to effector function and to function as an ADCC effector. Examples of human leukocytes that mediate ADCC include peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, cytotoxic T cells, and neutrophils. Effector cells can be isolated from their natural source, such as blood.
- PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- NK natural killer cells
- monocytes cytotoxic T cells
- neutrophils effector cells can be isolated from their natural source, such as blood.
- an effective amount refers to an amount or dose of an antibody or fragment or conjugate or composition of the invention that, when administered to a patient in single or multiple doses, produces the desired effect in a patient in need of treatment or prevention.
- An effective amount can be readily determined by the attending physician as a person skilled in the art by considering various factors such as the species of the mammal; its size, age and general health; the particular disease involved; the extent or severity of the disease; Response of an individual patient; specific antibody administered; mode of administration; bioavailability characteristics of the administered formulation; selected dosing regimen; and use of any concomitant therapy.
- Therapeutically effective amount means an amount effective to achieve the desired therapeutic result at the desired dosage and for the period of time required.
- the therapeutically effective amount of an antibody or antibody fragment or conjugate or composition thereof can vary depending on a variety of factors, such as the disease state, the age, sex and weight of the individual, and the ability of the antibody or antibody portion to elicit a desired response in the individual.
- a therapeutically effective amount is also one in which any toxic or detrimental effects of the antibody or antibody fragment or conjugate or composition thereof are less than a therapeutically beneficial effect.
- a "therapeutically effective amount” preferably inhibits a measurable parameter (eg, a tumor growth rate) of at least about 20%, more preferably at least about 40%, even more preferably at least about 50%, 60%, or 70, relative to an untreated subject. % and still more preferably at least about 80%.
- a measurable parameter eg, a tumor growth rate
- the ability of a compound to inhibit measurable parameters can be evaluated in an animal model system that predicts efficacy in human tumors. Alternatively, this property of the composition can be assessed by examining the ability of the compound to inhibit, in vitro by assays known to the skilled artisan.
- prophylactically effective amount is meant an amount effective to achieve the desired prophylactic result at the desired dosage and for the period of time required. Generally, a prophylactically effective amount will be less than a therapeutically effective amount since the prophylactic dose is administered to a subject prior to the earlier stage of the disease or at an earlier stage of the disease.
- Antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof suitable for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, polyclonal, monoclonal, monovalent, bispecific, heteroconjugate, multispecific, recombinant, heterologous, heterozygous, chimeric Humanized (especially grafted with CDRs), deimmunized, or human antibodies, Fab fragments, Fab' fragments, F(ab') 2 fragments, fragments produced by Fab expression libraries, Fd, Fv, II Sulfide-linked Fv (dsFv), single-chain antibody (eg, scFv), diabody or tetra-antibody (Holliger P. et al. (1993) Proc. Natl.
- Nanobody nanobody
- anti-idiotypic antibody including, for example, an anti-Id antibody against an antibody of the invention
- epitope-binding fragment of any of the above.
- a "Fab” fragment includes a heavy chain variable domain and a light chain variable domain, and also includes a constant domain of the light chain and a first constant domain (CH1) of the heavy chain.
- Fab' fragments differ from Fab fragments by the addition of residues at the carboxy terminus of the heavy chain CH1 domain, including one or more cysteines from the antibody hinge region.
- Fab'-SH is the name for Fab' in which a cysteine residue of a constant domain carries a free thiol group.
- the F(ab') 2 antibody fragment was originally produced as a pair of Fab' fragments with a hinge cysteine between the Fab' fragments. Other chemical couplings of antibody fragments are also known.
- Fc region is used herein to define a C-terminal region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain that comprises at least a portion of a constant region.
- the term includes native sequence Fc regions and variant Fc regions.
- the human IgG heavy chain Fc region extends from Cys226 or Pro230 to the carbonyl terminus of the heavy chain.
- the C-terminal lysine (Lys447) of the Fc region may or may not be present.
- the numbering of amino acid residues in the Fc region or constant region is based on the EU numbering system, which is also referred to as the EU index, as in Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National. Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 1991.
- variable region refers to a domain of an antibody heavy or light chain that is involved in binding of an antibody to an antigen.
- the variable domains of the heavy and light chains of a native antibody typically have similar structures, wherein each domain comprises four conserved framework regions (FRs) and three complementarity determining regions (CDRs).
- FRs conserved framework regions
- CDRs complementarity determining regions
- antibodies that bind to the antigen can be isolated using a VH or VL domain from an antibody that binds to a particular antigen to separately screen a library of complementary VL or VH domains. See, for example, Portolano et al, J. Immunol. 150: 880-887 (1993); Clarkson et al, Nature 352: 624-628 (1991).
- “Framework” or “F R” refers to a variable domain residue other than a complementarity determining region (CDR) residue.
- the FR of a variable domain typically consists of four FR domains: FR1, FR2, FR3 and FR4.
- CDR and FR sequences typically appear in the following sequences of the heavy chain variable domain (VH) (or light chain variable domain (VL)):
- the numbering of residues in each domain of an antibody is based on the EU numbering system, which is also referred to as the EU index, as in Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 1991.
- full length antibody intact antibody and “intact antibody” are used interchangeably herein to refer to an antibody having a structure substantially similar to a native antibody structure or having a heavy chain comprising an Fc region as defined herein.
- Fv is the smallest antibody fragment that contains the entire antigen binding site.
- the double-stranded Fv species consists of one heavy chain variable domain and one light chain variable domain in a tight, non-covalently associated dimer.
- one heavy chain variable domain and one light chain variable domain can be covalently linked by a flexible peptide linker such that the light and heavy chains can be similar to a double-stranded Fv species.
- Dimer structure association. In this configuration, it is the three CDRs of each variable domain that define the antigen binding site on the surface of the VH-VL dimer. In summary, the six CDRs confer antigen binding specificity to the antibody.
- variable domain or half of an Fv comprising only three CDRs specific for an antigen
- affinity is lower than the intact binding site.
- host cell refers to a cell into which an exogenous nucleic acid is introduced, including progeny of such a cell.
- Host cells include “transformants” and “transformed cells” which include primary transformed cells and progeny derived therefrom, regardless of the number of passages. Progeny may not be identical in nucleic acid content to the parental cell, but may contain mutations. Mutant progeny of the same function or biological activity selected or selected in the originally transformed cells are included herein.
- Human antibody refers to an antibody having an amino acid sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence of an antibody produced by a human or human cell or derived from a non-human source, which utilizes a human antibody library or other human Antibody coding sequence. This definition of a human antibody specifically excludes a humanized antibody comprising a non-human antigen-binding residue.
- Human consensus framework refers to a framework that represents the most frequently occurring amino acid residues in the selection of human immunoglobulin VL or VH framework sequences.
- the selection of human immunoglobulin VL or VH sequences is selected from subtypes of variable domain sequences.
- the subtype of this sequence is a subtype as disclosed in Kabat et al. (Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, NIH Publication 91-3242, Bethesda MD (1991), Vol. 1-3).
- the subtype is subtype kappa I as in Kabat et al. (supra).
- the subtype is subtype III as in Kabat et al. (supra).
- a “humanized” antibody refers to a chimeric antibody comprising an amino acid residue from a non-human CDR and an amino acid residue from a human FR.
- a humanized antibody will comprise substantially all of at least one, typically two variable domains, wherein all or substantially all of the CDRs (eg, CDRs) correspond to those of a non-human antibody, and all Or substantially all of the FRs correspond to those of human antibodies.
- the humanized antibody optionally can comprise at least a portion of an antibody constant region derived from a human antibody.
- a "humanized form" of an antibody (eg, a non-human antibody) refers to an antibody that has been humanized.
- cancer refers to or describe a physiological condition in a mammal that is typically characterized by unregulated cell growth.
- cancer include, but are not limited to, carcinoma, lymphoma, blastoma, sarcoma and leukemia or lymphoid malignancies. More specific examples of such cancers include, but are not limited to, squamous cell carcinoma (e.g., epithelial squamous cell carcinoma), lung cancer (including small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, and lung squamous cell carcinoma), peritoneal cancer.
- squamous cell carcinoma e.g., epithelial squamous cell carcinoma
- lung cancer including small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, and lung squamous cell carcinoma
- peritoneal cancer e.g., peritoneal cancer.
- hepatocellular carcinoma gastric cancer (including gastrointestinal cancer and gastrointestinal stromal cancer), pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, urinary tract cancer, liver tumor, breast cancer, colon cancer, Rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer or uterine cancer, salivary gland cancer, kidney cancer, prostate cancer, vulvar cancer, thyroid cancer, liver cancer, anal cancer, penile cancer, melanoma, superficial diffuse melanoma, Malignant freckle-like melanoma, acral melanoma, nodular melanoma, multiple myeloma and B-cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), Hairy cell leukemia, chronic myeloblastic leukemia, and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD), as well as with phagomatoses, edema (such as those associated with brain
- cell proliferative disorder and “proliferative disorder” refer to a disorder associated with a certain degree of abnormal cell proliferation. In one embodiment, the cell proliferative disorder refers to cancer.
- tumor refers to all neoplastic cell growth and proliferation, whether malignant or benign, and all pre
- infectious disease refers to a disease caused by a pathogen, including, for example, a viral infection, a bacterial infection, a fungal infection, or a protozoan such as a parasitic infection.
- chronic infection refers to an infection in which an infectious agent (eg, a pathogen such as a virus, a bacterium, a protozoan such as a parasite, a fungus, or the like) has induced an immune response in an infected host, but has not yet been as acutely infected. It is also removed or eliminated from the host as in the process.
- an infectious agent eg, a pathogen such as a virus, a bacterium, a protozoan such as a parasite, a fungus, or the like
- Chronic infections can be persistent, latent or slow.
- acute infections are usually resolved by the immune system for days or weeks (eg, flu)
- persistent infections can persist for months, years, decades, or lifetime (eg, hepatitis B) at relatively low levels.
- latent infections are characterized by long-term asymptomatic activity, interrupted by high levels of rapid infection and elevated pathogen levels over time (eg, herpes simplex).
- slow infection is characterized by a gradual and continuous increase in disease symptoms, such as a long-term incubation period, followed by an onset of prolonged and progressive clinical processes following the onset of clinical symptoms.
- chronic infections may not begin with the acute phase of viral proliferation (eg, picornaviruses infection, sheep visna virus, scrapie, Creutzfeldt-Jakobdisease).
- infectious agents capable of inducing chronic infection include viruses (eg, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus type I and type II, human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2, Human papillomavirus, human T lymphocyte virus type 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, etc.), bacteria (eg, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Listeria spp.) , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Borrelia spp., Helicobacter pylori, etc., native Animals such as parasites (eg, Leishmania spp., Plasmodium falciparum, Schistosoma spp., Toxoplasma spp., Trypanosoma species) Trypanosoma spp.), Taenia carssiceps, etc., and fungi (e
- Additional infectious agents include prions or misfolded proteins that affect the brain or neuronal structure by further spreading protein misfolding in these tissues, resulting in the formation of amyloid plaques (which lead to cell death, tissue damage, and eventual death).
- diseases caused by prion infection include: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and its varieties, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS), fatal familial insomnia (sFI) (fatal familial Insomnia (sFI)), kuru, scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) (also known as "mad cow” disease) (Bovine spongiformencephalopathy (BSE) in cattle (aka “mad cow") "Disease)), as well as various other animal forms of encephalopathy [eg, transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME), white-tailed deer, elk, and elk (" Mule deer) chronic wasting disease (CWD), feline spongiform ence
- an “immunoconjugate” is an antibody that is conjugated to one or more other substances, including but not limited to cytotoxic agents or labels.
- label refers to a compound or composition that is directly or indirectly conjugated or fused to an agent, such as a polynucleotide probe or antibody, and that facilitates detection of the agent to which it is conjugated or fused.
- the label itself may be detectable (e.g., radioisotope label or fluorescent label) or, in the case of enzymatic labeling, may catalyze chemical alteration of a substrate compound or composition that is detectable.
- the term is intended to encompass the direct labeling of a probe or antibody by coupling (ie, physically linking) a detectable substance to a probe or antibody, and indirectly labeling the probe or antibody by reaction with another reagent that is directly labeled. Examples of indirect labeling include detection of a primary antibody using a fluorescently labeled secondary antibody and end labeling of a biotin-containing DNA probe such that it can be detected with a fluorescently labeled streptavidin protein.
- mammals include, but are not limited to, domesticated animals (eg, cows, sheep, cats, dogs, and horses), primates (eg, humans and non-human primates such as monkeys), rabbits, and rodents (eg, , mice and rats).
- domesticated animals eg, cows, sheep, cats, dogs, and horses
- primates eg, humans and non-human primates such as monkeys
- rabbits eg, mice and rats
- rodents eg, mice and rats.
- the individual or subject is a human.
- an “isolated” antibody is one which has been separated from components of its natural environment.
- the antibody is purified to greater than 95% or 99% purity, such as by, for example, electrophoresis (eg, SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing (IEF), capillary electrophoresis) or chromatography (eg, ion exchange or reversed phase) Determined by HPLC).
- electrophoresis eg, SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing (IEF), capillary electrophoresis
- chromatography eg, ion exchange or reversed phase
- nucleic acid refers to a nucleic acid molecule that has been separated from components of its natural environment.
- An isolated nucleic acid includes a nucleic acid molecule contained in a cell that typically comprises the nucleic acid molecule, but the nucleic acid molecule is present extrachromosomally or at a chromosomal location different from its natural chromosomal location.
- isolated nucleic acid encoding an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof refers to one or more nucleic acid molecules encoding an antibody heavy or light chain (or a fragment thereof), including such a single vector or separate vector. Nucleic acid molecules, as well as such nucleic acid molecules that are present at one or more positions in a host cell.
- nucleic acid refers to nucleotides of any length (deoxyribonucleotides or ribonucleotides) or analogs thereof in the form of a polymer.
- the polynucleotide may be single stranded or double stranded, and if single stranded, may be a coding strand or a non-coding (antisense) strand.
- Polynucleotides may comprise modified nucleotides, such as methylated nucleotides and nucleotide analogs.
- the sequence of nucleotides can be interrupted by non-nucleotide components.
- the polynucleotide may be further modified after polymerization, such as by conjugation to a labeling component.
- the nucleic acid can be a recombinant polynucleotide or a genomic, cDNA, semi-synthetic or synthetic source polynucleotide that is not found in nature or linked to another polynucleotide in an unnatural layout.
- polypeptide if single stranded
- polymer may be linear or branched, it may contain modified amino acids, and it may be cleaved by non-amino acids.
- the term also includes amino acid polymers that have been modified (eg, disulfide bond formation, glycosylation, lipidation, acetylation, phosphorylation, or any other manipulation, such as conjugation with a labeling component).
- Polypeptides can be isolated from natural sources, produced by eukaryotic or prokaryotic hosts by recombinant techniques, and can be the product of synthetic methods.
- the sequences are aligned for optimal comparison purposes (eg, for optimal alignment, in the first and second amino acid sequences or nucleic acid sequences) Vacancies are introduced in one or both or non-homologous sequences can be discarded for comparison purposes.
- the length of the aligned reference sequences is at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, 60% and even more preferably at least 70%, 80% for comparison purposes. , 90%, 100% of the reference sequence length.
- the amino acid residues or nucleotides at the corresponding amino acid position or nucleotide position are then compared. When the position in the first sequence is occupied by the same amino acid residue or nucleotide at the corresponding position in the second sequence, then the molecule is identical at this position.
- Mathematical algorithms can be used to achieve sequence comparisons and percent identity calculations between two sequences.
- the Needlema and Wunsch ((1970) J. Mol. Biol. 48: 444-453) algorithm in the GAP program that has been integrated into the GCG software package is used (at http://www.gcg.com) Obtained), using a Blossum 62 matrix or PAM250 matrix and vacancy weights 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6 or 4 and length weights 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, to determine between the two amino acid sequences Percent identity.
- the GAP program in the GCG software package (available at http://www.gcg.com) is used, using the NWSgapdna.CMP matrix and the vacancy weights of 40, 50, 60, 70 or 80 and The length weights 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, determine the percent identity between the two nucleotide sequences.
- a particularly preferred set of parameters (and a set of parameters that should be used unless otherwise stated) is a Blossum 62 scoring matrix with a gap penalty of 12, a gap extension penalty of 4, and a frameshift gap penalty of 5.
- nucleic acid sequences and protein sequences described herein can be further used as "query sequences" to perform searches against public databases to, for example, identify other family member sequences or related sequences. Such searches can be performed, for example, using the NBLAST and XBLAST programs of Altschul et al., (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-10.
- vacant BLAST can be used as described in Altschul et al. (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. 25: 3389-3402.
- the default parameters of the corresponding programs eg, XBLAST and NBLAST
- XBLAST and NBLAST See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- hybridizes under conditions of low stringency, medium stringency, high stringency or very high stringency describes hybridization and washing conditions.
- Guidance for performing hybridization reactions can be found in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y. (1989), 6.3.1-6.3.6, incorporated by reference. Both aqueous and non-aqueous methods are described in the references and either method can be used.
- the specific hybridization conditions referred to herein are as follows: 1) Low stringency hybridization conditions are in 6X sodium chloride/sodium citrate (SSC) at about 45 ° C, followed by at least 50 ° C (for low stringency conditions, Increasing the wash temperature to 55 ° C) was washed twice in 0.2X SSC, 0.1% SDS; 2) Moderate stringency hybridization conditions were in 6X SSC at about 45 ° C, followed by 0.2X SSC, 0.1% SDS at 60 ° C.
- SSC sodium chloride/sodium citrate
- high stringency hybridization conditions are washed one or more times in 6X SSC at about 45 ° C, then at 0.2 ° SSC, 0.1% SDS at 65 ° C; and preferably 4) extremely high Stringent hybridization conditions were washed one or more times at 65 ° C in 0.5 M sodium phosphate, 7% SDS followed by 65 ° C in 0.2X SSC, 0.1% SDS.
- Very high stringency conditions (4) are preferred conditions and one condition that should be used unless otherwise stated.
- composition refers to a composition that is present in a form that permits the biological activity of the active ingredient contained therein to be effective, and does not include additional toxicity to the subject to whom the composition is administered. Ingredients.
- pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant refers to a diluent, adjuvant (eg, Freund's adjuvant (complete and incomplete)), carrier, excipient or stabilizer, and the like, to be administered with the active substance.
- treating refers to slowing, interrupting, arresting, ameliorating, stopping, reducing, or reversing the progression or severity of an existing symptom, disorder, condition, or disease.
- prevention includes inhibition of the occurrence or progression of a disease or condition or a symptom of a particular disease or condition.
- a subject with a family history of cancer is a candidate for a prophylactic regimen.
- prevention refers to the administration of a drug prior to the onset of a symptom or symptom of a cancer, particularly in a subject at risk for cancer.
- anti-infective active agent includes any molecule that specifically inhibits or eliminates the growth of microorganisms at the concentration of administration and the interval of administration, but is not lethal to the host, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi or protozoa, such as parasites.
- anti-infective active agent includes antibiotics, antibacterial agents, antiviral agents, antifungal agents, and antiprotozoal agents.
- the anti-infective active agent is non-toxic to the host at the concentration of administration and the interval of administration.
- Antibacterial anti-infective active agents or antibacterial agents can be broadly classified as either bactericidal (i.e., directly killed) or bacteriostatic (i.e., preventing division). Antibacterial anti-infective active agents can be further reclassified as narrow spectrum antibacterial agents (i.e., affecting only subtype bacterial subtypes, e.g., Gram negative, etc.) or broad spectrum antibacterial agents (i.e., affecting a wide variety).
- Examples include amikacin, gentamicin, geldanamycin, puromycin, mupirocin, nitrofurantoin, pyrazinamide, quinupristin/dalofopine, rifampicin/isofloxacin Amide or tinidazole.
- antiviral agent includes any substance that inhibits or eliminates the growth, pathogenesis, and/or survival of a virus. This includes, for example, acyclovir, cidofovir, zidovudine, didanosine (ddI, VIDEX), zalcitabine (ddC, HIVID), stavudine (d4T, ZERIT), Lamy Fuding (3TC, EPIVIR)), azocavir (ZIAGEN), emtricitabine (EMTRIVA), and the like.
- antifungal agent includes any substance that inhibits or eliminates the growth, pathogenesis and/or survival of fungi. This includes, for example, natamycin, bacteriocin, felofin, nystatin, amphotericin B, kandixin, patchouli, neem seed oil, coconut Oil (Coconut Oil) and the like.
- antigenic animal agent includes any substance that inhibits or eliminates the growth, morbidity and/or survival of a protozoan organism (eg, a parasite).
- antiprotozoal agents include antimalarial agents such as quinine, quinidine, and the like.
- antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiprotozoal agents are described, for example, in WO 2010/077634 and the like.
- Anti-infective active agents are also described, for example, in WO 2014/008218, WO 2016/028672 or WO 2015/138920.
- vector refers to a nucleic acid molecule capable of propagating another nucleic acid to which it is linked.
- the term includes a vector that is a self-replicating nucleic acid structure and a vector that binds to the genome of a host cell into which it has been introduced. Some vectors are capable of directing the expression of a nucleic acid to which they are operably linked. Such vectors are referred to herein as "expression vectors.”
- Subject/patient sample refers to a collection of cells or fluids obtained from a patient or subject.
- the source of the tissue or cell sample may be a solid tissue, such as from a fresh, frozen and/or preserved organ or tissue sample or a biopsy sample or a puncture sample; blood or any blood component; body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid (amniotic fluid) ), peritoneal fluid (ascites), or interstitial fluid; cells from the subject's pregnancy or development at any time.
- Tissue samples may contain compounds that are naturally not intermixed with tissue in nature, such as preservatives, anticoagulants, buffers, fixatives, nutrients, antibiotics, and the like.
- tumor samples include, but are not limited to, tumor biopsy, fine needle aspirate, bronchial lavage fluid, pleural fluid (thoracic fluid), sputum, urine, surgical specimens, circulating tumor cells, serum, plasma, circulation Plasma protein, ascites, primary cell cultures or cell lines derived from tumors or exhibiting tumor-like properties, and preserved tumor samples, such as formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples or frozen tumors sample.
- package insert is used to refer to instructions commonly included in commercial packages of therapeutic products containing information about indications, usage, dosage, administration, combination therapies, contraindications and/or warnings relating to the use of such therapeutic products. .
- an antibody or fragment thereof of the invention binds to LAG-3.
- an antibody or fragment thereof of the invention binds to a mammalian LAG3, such as human LAG-3 or mouse LAG-3.
- an antibody molecule specifically binds to an epitope on LAG-3 (eg, a linear or conformational epitope).
- the antibody molecule binds to one or more extracellular Ig-like domains of LAG-3 (eg, a first, second, third or fourth extracellular Ig-like domain of LAG-3).
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof of the invention has one or more of the following properties:
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody of the present invention or a fragment thereof binds LAG-3 (for example, human LAG-3) with high affinity, for example, binds to LAG-3 with the following equilibrium dissociation constant (K D ), said K D is less than about 100 nM, preferably less than or equal to about 50 nM, more preferably less than or equal to about 20 nM, more preferably less than or equal to about 10 nM, 9 nM, 8 nM, 7 nM, 6 nM, 5 nM, 4 nM, 3 nM or 2 nM, most preferably The K D is less than or equal to about 1 nM, 0.9 nM, 0.8 nM, or 0.7 nM.
- K D equilibrium dissociation constant
- the anti-LAG-3 antibodies of the invention are in the range of 0.1-20 nM, preferably 0.5-20 nM, more preferably 0.5-10 nM, 0.5-8 nM, 0.5-5 nM, and most preferably 0.5-1 nM, 0.5-0.8. nM, 0.5-0.7nM, 0.6-0.7nM K D binding of LAG-3.
- LAG-3 is human LAG-3.
- the LAG-3 is mouse LAG-3.
- antibody binding affinity is determined using a bio-optical interference assay (eg, Fortebio affinity measurement) assay.
- the antibody of the present invention or a fragment thereof binds to a cell expressing human LAG-3, for example, at less than or equal to about 3.3 nM, 3 nM, 2 nM, 1.5 nM, 1.4 nM, 1.3 nM, 1.2 nM, 1.1 nM, 1 nM, EC50 of 0.9 nM, 0.8 nM, 0.7 nM, 0.6 nM or 0.5 nM.
- the binding is determined by flow cytometry (eg, FACS).
- the human LAG-3 expressing cell is a human LAG-3 expressing 293 cell (eg, HEK293 cell).
- the antibody of the present invention or a fragment thereof binds to a cell expressing mouse LAG-3, for example, with an EC50 of less than or equal to about 15000 nM, 14000 nM or 13000 nM.
- an antibody or fragment thereof of the invention binds to a cell expressing mouse LAG-3, eg, with an EC50 of less than or equal to about 50 nM, such as an EC50 of about 40-50 nM, an EC50 of about 40-45 nM, or An EC50 of approximately 42 nM.
- the binding is determined by flow cytometry (eg, FACS).
- the cell expressing mouse LAG-3 is a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell expressing mouse LAG-3.
- the antibody or fragment thereof of the present invention inhibits the activity of LAG-3, for example, with an IC 50 of less than or equal to about 20 nM, 10 nM, 9 nM, 8 nM, 7 nM, 6 nM or 5 nM, preferably about 1-6 nM, 1- 5nM, 4nM, 4.5nM, 5nM, 5.1nM, 5.2nM, 5.3nM, 5.4nM, 5.5nM, 5.6nM, 5.7nM, 5.8nM, 5.9nM or 6nM the IC 50.
- the related activity of LAG-3 is the binding of an MHC class II molecule to LAG-3.
- the antibody or fragment of the invention is less than or equal to about 20nM, 10nM, 9nM, 8nM, 7nM, 6nM 5nM or the IC 50, preferably about 1-6nM, 1-5nM, 4nM, 4.5nM , 5 nM, 5.1 nM, 5.2 nM, 5.3 nM, 5.4 nM, 5.5 nM, 5.6 nM, 5.7 nM, 5.8 nM, 5.9 nM or 6 nM of IC 50 inhibits LAG-3 and MHC class II molecules on cells expressing MHC class II molecules Combination of.
- the MHC class II molecule is HLA-DR.
- the cell is a CHO cell.
- inhibition of the associated activity of LAG-3 by the antibody or fragment thereof of the invention is measured by flow cytometry (e.g., FACS).
- the antibody or fragment thereof of the invention binds to endogenous LAG-3 on the surface of activated CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells, for example at less than or equal to about 35 pM, 30 pMnM, 25 pM, 20 pM, 15 pM, 14 pM or 13 pM the EC 50, preferably about 1-20pM, 5-20pM, 5-15pM, 10-15pM, 11-13pM, 10pM, 11pM, 12pM 13pM, or the EC 50.
- the activated CD4+ T cells are activated human CD4+ T cells.
- the above binding is determined by flow cytometry (e.g., FACS). In some embodiments, flow cytometry is performed in an Accuri C6 system.
- the antibody or fragment thereof of the present invention inhibits one or more activities of LAG-3, for example, resulting in one or more of the following: increased antigen-dependent stimulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes; increased proliferation of T cells; activation Increased expression of antigen (eg, CD25); increased expression of cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma (IFN- ⁇ ), interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interleukin-4 (IL-4); chemokines Increased expression (eg, CCL3, CCL4, or CCL5); decreased repression activity of Treg cells; increased T cell homeostasis; increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes; or reduced immune evasion of cancer cells.
- cytokines eg, interferon-gamma (IFN- ⁇ ), interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interleukin-4 (IL-4)
- chemokines Increased expression (eg, CCL3, CCL4, or CCL5)
- decreased repression activity of Treg cells increased T cell homeost
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof of the present invention is capable of inducing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention has one or more of the following characteristics:
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH), wherein the VH comprises
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention comprises a light chain variable region (VL), wherein the VL comprises:
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention comprises a heavy chain variable region VH and/or a light chain variable region VL, wherein
- VL contains:
- the VH comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 22, 23, 24 or 25.
- VL comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 26, 27, 28 or 29.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention comprises three complementarity determining region HCDRs of the heavy chain variable region set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, 23, 24 or 25, and The three complementarity determining regions LCDR of the light chain variable region of SEQ ID NO: 26, 27, 28 or 29.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) and/or a light chain variable region (VL), wherein
- the VH comprises a complementarity determining region (CDR) HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3, wherein HCDR1 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3, 4 or 17, or HCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence having one, two or three alterations (preferably amino acid substitutions, preferably conservative substitutions) compared to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3, 4 or 17; HCDR2 comprises a SEQ ID NO: amino acid sequence of 5, 6, 7 or 18, or consists of the amino acid sequence, or HCDR2 comprises one, two or more than the amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 5, 6, 7 or 18.
- CDR complementarity determining region
- HCDR3 comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 8, 9, 10 or 19, or HCDR3 comprises and is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: an amino acid sequence having one, two or three changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, preferably conservative substitutions) compared to the amino acid sequence of 8, 9, 10 or 19;
- VL comprises a complementarity determining region (CDR) LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3, wherein LCDR1 comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 11, 12 or 20, or LCDR1 comprises and An amino acid sequence having one, two or three alterations (preferably amino acid substitutions, preferably conservative substitutions) compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, 12 or 20;
- LCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 13 or Consists of the amino acid sequence, or LCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence having one, two or three changes (preferably amino acid substitutions, preferably conservative substitutions) compared to the amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 13;
- LCDR3 comprises a selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:
- the amino acid sequence of 14, 15, 16 or 21 consists of or consists of the amino acid sequence
- LCDR3 comprises one, two or three compared to the amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 14, 15, 16 or 21.
- the invention provides an anti-LAG-3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and/or a light chain variable region (VL), wherein
- the invention provides an anti-LAG-3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL), wherein said VH comprises a complementarity determining region ( CDR) HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 and the VL comprises (CDR) LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3, wherein the combination of HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 comprised by the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is as follows (Table A):
- Table A Exemplary combinations of HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 in an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the present invention
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention comprises a heavy chain variable region VH and/or a light chain variable region VL, wherein
- amino acid sequence of an amino acid change (preferably amino acid substitution, more preferably amino acid conservative substitution), preferably, said amino acid change does not occur in the CDR region;
- amino acid sequence of an amino acid change (preferably an amino acid substitution, more preferably an amino acid conservative substitution), preferably, the amino acid change does not occur in the CDR regions.
- the invention provides an anti-LAG-3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL), wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof
- VH heavy chain variable region
- VL light chain variable region
- Table B Exemplary combinations of heavy chain variable region VH and light chain variable region VL in an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention comprises a heavy chain and/or a light chain, wherein
- amino acid change comprising one or more (preferably no more than 20 or 10, more preferably no more than 5, 4, 3, 2) compared to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 30, 31, 32 or 33
- Amino acid sequence of amino acid change preferably amino acid substitution, more preferably amino acid conservative substitution
- the amino acid change does not occur in the CDR region of the heavy chain, and more preferably, the amino acid change does not occur in Heavy chain variable region;
- amino acid change comprising one or more (preferably no more than 20 or 10, more preferably no more than 5, 4, 3, 2) compared to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 34, 35, 36 or 37
- Amino acid sequence of amino acid change preferably amino acid substitution, more preferably amino acid conservative substitution
- the amino acid change does not occur in the CDR region of the light chain, and more preferably, the amino acid change does not occur in Light chain variable region.
- the invention provides an anti-LAG-3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the combination of a heavy chain and a light chain comprised by the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is as follows (Table C):
- Table C Exemplary combinations of heavy and light chains in an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention
- the heavy and/or light chain of an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof of the invention further comprises a signal peptide sequence, such as METDTLLLWVLLLWVPGSTG (SEQ ID NO: 48).
- the amino acid changes described herein include substitutions, insertions or deletions of amino acids.
- the amino acid changes described herein are amino acid substitutions, preferably conservative substitutions.
- the amino acid changes described herein occur in regions outside the CDRs (e.g., in FR). More preferably, the amino acid changes described herein occur in regions outside the heavy chain variable region and/or outside the light chain variable region.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody of the invention comprises a post-translational modification to a light chain variable region, a heavy chain variable region, a light chain or a heavy chain.
- exemplary post-translational modifications include disulfide bond formation, glycosylation, lipidation, acetylation, phosphorylation, or any other manipulation, such as conjugation with a labeling component.
- the substitution is a conservative substitution.
- a conservative substitution is one in which one amino acid is replaced by another amino acid in the same class, for example, one acidic amino acid is replaced by another acidic amino acid, one basic amino acid is replaced by another basic amino acid, or one neutral amino acid is passed through another neutral amino acid.
- Replacement An exemplary substitution is shown in Table D below:
- the antibodies provided herein are altered to increase or decrease the extent of antibody glycosylation. Addition or deletion of a glycosylation site to an antibody can be conveniently accomplished by altering the amino acid sequence to create or remove one or more glycosylation sites.
- one or more amino acid substitutions can be performed to eliminate one or more variable region framework glycosylation sites, thereby eliminating glycosylation at that site.
- Such aglycosylation increases the affinity of the antibody for the antigen. See, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 5,714,350 and 6,350,861.
- Antibodies with altered types of glycosylation can be prepared, such as hypofucosylated antibodies with reduced amounts of fucosyl residues or antibodies with increased aliquots of GlcNac structure. Such altered glycosylation patterns have been shown to increase the ADCC ability of antibodies.
- Such carbohydrate modifications can be achieved, for example, by expressing the antibody in a host cell having an altered glycosylation system.
- the cell lines Ms704, Ms705, and Ms709 lack the fucosyltransferase gene FUT8 ( ⁇ (1,6)-fucosyltransferase), thereby allowing expression of antibodies in the Ms704, Ms705, and Ms709 cell lines. It lacks fucose on its sugar.
- the Ms704, Ms705 and Ms709FUT8-/- cell lines can be created by targeting the disruption of the FUT8 gene in CHO/DG44 cells using two alternative vectors (see U.S. Patent Publication No.
- EP 1,176,195 describes a cell line with a functionally disrupted FUT8 gene encoding a fucosyltransferase such that antibodies expressed in such cell lines exhibit low fucoal by reducing or eliminating alpha-1,6 bond-associated enzymes Saccharification.
- EP 1,176,195 also describes cell lines having low or no enzymatic activity of adding fucose to N-acetylglucosamine binding to the Fc region of an antibody, such as the rat myeloma cell line YB2/0 (ATCC CRL 1662) ).
- PCT publication WO 03/035835 describes a variant CHO cell line Lec13 cell in which the ability to attach fucose to Asn(297)-linked saccharide is reduced, thereby also resulting in expression in the host cell.
- Low fucosylation of antibodies see also Shields et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:26733-26740.
- Antibodies with modified glycosylation profiles can also be produced in eggs as set forth in PCT Publication WO 06/089231.
- an antibody having a modified glycosylation profile can be produced in a plant cell (eg, Lemna).
- a method of producing antibodies in a plant system is disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No.
- PCT Publication WO 99/54342 describes cell lines engineered to express glycoprotein modified glycosyltransferases (eg, ⁇ (1,4)-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnTIII)), thereby Antibodies expressed in this engineered cell line exhibit an increased aliquot of the GlcNac structure, which results in increased ADCC activity of the antibody (see also Umana et al. (1999) Nat. Biotech. 17: 176-180).
- glycoprotein modified glycosyltransferases eg, ⁇ (1,4)-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnTIII)
- the fucose residue of the antibody can be excised using a fucosidase; for example, the fucosidase alpha-L-fucosidase removes fucosyl residues from the antibody (Tarentino et al. 1975) Biochem. 14: 5516-23).
- the antibody or fragment of the invention is glycosylated with engineered yeast N-linked glycans or CHO N-linked glycans.
- the antibody can be PEGylated to, for example, increase the biological (e.g., serum) half-life of the antibody.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- pegylation is carried out via an acylation reaction or an alkylation reaction using a reactive PEG molecule (or a similar reactive water-soluble polymer).
- polyethylene glycol is intended to encompass any form of PEG that has been used to derivatize other proteins, such as mono(C1-C10) alkoxy- or aryloxy polyethylene glycols or poly Ethylene glycol-maleimide.
- the antibody to be PEGylated is an aglycosylated antibody. Methods for PEGylating proteins are known in the art and can be applied to the antibodies of the invention, see for example EP 0154316 and EP 0401384.
- one or more amino acid modifications can be introduced into the Fc region of an antibody provided herein to produce an Fc region variant to enhance the effectiveness of, for example, an antibody in treating cancer or a cell proliferative disorder.
- the anti-LAG3 antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein also include antibodies and fragments having a modified (or blocked) Fc region to provide altered effector function. See, for example, U.S. Patent No. 5,624,821, WO2003/086310, WO2005/120571, WO2006/0057702. Such modifications can be used to enhance or inhibit various responses of the immune system, which may have beneficial effects in diagnosis and treatment.
- Modifications of the Fc region include amino acid changes (substitutions, deletions, and insertions), glycosylation or deglycosylation, and addition of multiple Fc. Modification of the Fc can also alter the half-life of the antibody in the therapeutic antibody, thereby enabling lower frequency administration and thus increased convenience and reduced material usage. See Presta (2005) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 116: 731, pp. 734-735.
- the number of cysteine residues of an antibody can be altered to modify antibody properties.
- a modification is made to the hinge region of CH1 to alter (e.g., increase or decrease) the number of cysteine residues in the hinge region.
- This approach is further described in U.S. Patent No. 5,677,425.
- the number of cysteine residues in the hinge region of CH1 can be altered to, for example, facilitate assembly of the light and heavy chains or increase or decrease the stability of the antibody.
- the antibodies provided herein can be further modified to contain other non-protein portions known in the art and readily available.
- Portions suitable for antibody derivatization include, but are not limited to, water soluble polymers.
- water soluble polymers include, but are not limited to, polyethylene glycol (PEG), ethylene glycol/propylene glycol copolymers, carboxymethyl cellulose, dextran, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly -1,3-dioxane, poly-1,3,6-trioxane, ethylene/maleic anhydride copolymer, polyamino acid (homopolymer or random copolymer), and dextran or poly(n-ethylene) Pyrrolidone) polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol homopolymer, polypropylene oxide/ethylene oxide copolymer, polyoxyethylated polyol (such as glycerin), polyvinyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- the polymer can have any molecular weight and can be branched or unbranched.
- the number of polymers attached to the antibody can vary, and if more than one polymer is attached, it can be the same or different molecules. In general, the number and/or type of polymers used for derivatization can be determined based on factors such as, but not limited to, the specific properties or functions of the antibody to be improved, whether the antibody derivative will be used in therapy under defined conditions. .
- the invention encompasses fragments of an anti-LAG-3 antibody.
- antibody fragments include, but are not limited to, Fv, Fab, Fab', Fab'-SH, F(ab') 2 , diabody, linear antibody, single chain antibody (eg, scFv); and multispecificity formed by antibody fragments antibody.
- antibody molecules can include heavy chain (HC) variable domain sequences and light chain (LC) variable domain sequences.
- the antibody molecule comprises or consists of a heavy chain and a light chain (referred to herein as a half antibody).
- the antibody molecule comprises two heavy chain variable domain sequences and two light chain variable domain sequences, thereby forming two antigen binding sites, such as Fab, Fab', F(ab')2 , Fc, Fd, Fd', Fv, single chain antibodies (eg, scFv), single domain antibodies, diabody (Dab) (bivalent and bispecific), and chimeric (eg, humanized) antibodies, which may Those antibody molecules are synthesized de novo by modifying intact antibodies or by using recombinant DNA techniques.
- Antibodies and antibody fragments can be from any antibody class including, but not limited to, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE and from any antibody subclass (eg, IgGl, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4). Preparation of antibody molecules can be monoclonal or polyclonal.
- the antibody may also be a human antibody, a humanized antibody, a chimeric antibody, a CDR-grafted antibody, or an antibody produced in vitro.
- the antibody may have, for example, a heavy chain constant region selected from the group consisting of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4.
- the antibody may also have, for example, a light chain selected from kappa or lambda.
- the antibodies of the invention may also be single domain antibodies.
- Single domain antibodies can include antibodies whose complementarity determining regions are part of a single domain polypeptide. Examples include, but are not limited to, heavy chain antibodies, antibodies that naturally lack a light chain, single domain antibodies derived from conventional 4-chain antibodies, or engineered antibodies.
- a single domain antibody can be any antibody of the prior art, or any single domain antibody of the future.
- Single domain antibodies can be derived from any species including, but not limited to, mice, humans, camels, alpaca, fish, sharks, goats, rabbits, and cattle.
- a single domain antibody is a naturally occurring single domain antibody, referred to as a heavy chain antibody lacking a light chain.
- Single domain antibodies are disclosed, for example, in WO 94/04678.
- Single domain antibodies or Nanobodies can be antibodies produced from Camelidae species such as camels, alpacas, dromedaries, llamas and guanaco. Other species than camels can produce heavy chain antibodies that naturally lack light chains; such single domain antibodies are within the scope of the invention.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody of the invention is a humanized antibody.
- Different methods for humanizing antibodies are known to the skilled person, as reviewed by Almagro & Fransson, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety (Almagro JC and Fransson J, (2008) Frontiers in Bioscience 13: 1619-1633 ).
- Almagro & Fransson distinguish between rational approaches and empirical approaches. A rational approach is characterized by the generation of a few engineered antibody variants and assessing their binding or any other property of interest. If the design variant does not produce the expected results, then a new round of design and combined assessment is initiated. Rational approaches include CDR grafting, Resurfacing, Superhumanization, and Human String Content Optimization.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody of the invention is a human antibody.
- Human antibodies can be prepared using a variety of techniques known in the art. Human antibodies are generally described in van Dijk and van de Winkel, Curr. Opin. Pharmacol 5: 368-74 (2001) and Lonberg, Curr. Opin. Immunol 20: 450-459 (2008).
- a human monoclonal antibody can be produced using a transgenic mouse carrying a human immunoglobulin gene rather than a mouse system (see, for example, Wood et al., International Application WO 91/00906; Kucherlapati et al., PCT Publication WO 91/ 10741; Lonberg et al., International Application WO 92/03918; Kay et al., International Application 92/03917; Lonberg, N. et al., 1994 Nature 368: 856-859; Green, LL et al., 1994 Nature Genet. 13-21; Morrison, SL et al, 1994 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody of the invention is a non-human antibody, such as a rodent (mouse or rat) antibody, a goat antibody, a primate (eg, a monkey) antibody, a camelid antibody.
- the non-human antibody is a rodent (mouse or rat) antibody. Methods of producing rodent antibodies are known in the art.
- An antibody of the invention can be isolated by screening a combinatorial library for antibodies having the desired activity.
- a variety of methods are known in the art for generating phage display libraries and screening for antibodies having the desired binding characteristics in these libraries. These methods are reviewed, for example, in Hoogenboom et al, Methods in Molecular Biology 178: 1-37 (O'Brien et al., ed., Human Press, Totowa, NJ, 2001) and further, for example, in McCafferty et al, Nature 348:552- 554; Clackso et al, Nature 352:624-628 (1991); Marks et al, J. Mol. Biol.
- the antibody molecule is a monospecific antibody molecule and binds to a single epitope.
- a monospecific antibody molecule has multiple immunoglobulin variable domain sequences that each bind to the same epitope.
- the antibody molecule is a multispecific antibody molecule, eg, comprising a plurality of immunoglobulin variable domain sequences, wherein the first immunoglobulin variable structure of the plurality of immunoglobulin variable domain sequences The domain sequence has binding specificity for the first epitope and the second immunoglobulin variable domain sequence of the plurality of immunoglobulin variable domain sequences has binding specificity for the second epitope.
- the first and second epitopes are on the same antigen (eg, the same protein (or subunit of a multimeric protein)).
- the first and second epitopes overlap. In one embodiment, the first and second epitopes do not overlap.
- the first and second epitopes are on different antigens (eg, different proteins (or different subunits of a multimeric protein)).
- the multispecific antibody molecule comprises a third, fourth or fifth immunoglobulin variable domain.
- the multispecific antibody molecule is a bispecific antibody molecule, a trispecific antibody molecule or a tetraspecific antibody molecule.
- the multispecific antibody molecule is a bispecific antibody molecule.
- Bispecific antibodies are specific for no more than two antigens.
- the bispecific antibody molecule is characterized by a first immunoglobulin variable domain sequence having binding specificity for the first epitope and a second immunoglobulin variable domain sequence having binding specificity for the second epitope.
- the first and second epitopes are on the same antigen (eg, the same protein (or subunit of a multimeric protein)).
- the first and second epitopes overlap.
- the first and second epitopes do not overlap.
- the first and second epitopes are on different antigens (eg, different proteins (or different subunits of a multimeric protein)).
- the bispecific antibody molecule comprises a heavy chain variable domain sequence and a light chain variable domain sequence having binding specificity for a first epitope and a heavy chain having binding specificity for a second epitope Variable domain sequences and light chain variable domain sequences.
- the bispecific antibody molecule comprises a half antibody having binding specificity for a first epitope and a half antibody having binding specificity for a second epitope.
- the bispecific antibody molecule comprises a half antibody or fragment thereof having binding specificity for a first epitope and a half antibody or fragment thereof having binding specificity for a second epitope.
- the bispecific antibody molecule comprises a scFv having binding specificity for a first epitope or a fragment thereof and a scFv having binding specificity for a second epitope or a fragment thereof.
- the first epitope is on LAG-3 and the second epitope is at PD-1, TIM-3, CEACAM (eg, CEACAM-1 and/or CEACAM-5), PD-L1 or PD- On L2.
- the second epitope is located on PD-1.
- an antibody of the invention can be a chimeric antibody (eg, a human constant domain/mouse variable domain).
- a "chimeric antibody” as used herein is an antibody having a variable domain from a first antibody and a constant domain from a second antibody, wherein the first antibody and the second antibody are from different species (US Patent No. 4,816,567; and Morrison et al. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:6851-6855).
- variable domain is obtained from an antibody ("parent antibody”) from an experimental animal (such as a rodent), and the constant domain sequence is obtained from a human antibody such that the resulting chimeric antibody is in a human subject The likelihood of causing an adverse immune response is lower than that of a parent (eg, mouse) antibody.
- the invention also encompasses anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibodies ("immunoconjugates") conjugated to other substances, such as therapeutic modules or labels, such as cytotoxic agents or immunomodulators.
- Cytotoxic agents include any agent that is harmful to cells. Examples of cytotoxic agents (e.g., chemotherapeutic agents) suitable for the formation of immunoconjugates are known in the art, see for example WO05/103081 or WO2015/138920 or CN 107001470A.
- cytotoxic agents include, but are not limited to, radioisotopes (eg, iodine (131I or 125I), hydrazine (90Y), hydrazine (177Lu), hydrazine (225Ac), hydrazine, hydrazine (211At), hydrazine (186Re), hydrazine (212Bi or 213Bi), indium (111In), antimony (99mTc), phosphorus (32P), antimony (188Rh), sulfur (35S), carbon (14C), antimony (3H), chromium (51Cr), chlorine (36Cl) , cobalt (57Co or 58Co), iron (59Fe), selenium (75Se) or gallium (67Ga).
- radioisotopes eg, iodine (131I or 125I
- hydrazine (90Y) hydrazine (177Lu), hydrazine (225Ac), hydr
- cytotoxic agents also include chemotherapeutic agents or other therapeutic drugs, for example, taxol, cytochalasin B, short Bacitracin D, ethidium bromide, imidin, mitomycin, etoposide, teniposide, vincristine, vinblastine, colchicine, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, dihydroxy Anthraquinone dione, mitoxantrone, mithramycin, actinomycin D, 1-dehydrotestosterone, glucocorticoid, procaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, propranolol, Puromycin, maytansinoid, for example, maytansinol (see U.S.
- Patent No. 5,208,020 CC-1065 (see U.S. Patent Nos. 5,475,092, 5,585,499, 5,846,545) and analogs or homologs thereof.
- Anti-generation Xie eg, methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, cytarabine, 5-fluorouracil dacarbazine
- alkylating agent eg, nitrogen mustard, thiobenzoic acid nitrogen
- Mustard eg, nitrogen mustard, thiobenzoic acid nitrogen
- CC-1065 melphalan
- cyclophosphamide busulfan, dibromomannitol, streptozotocin, mitomycin C and cis -dichlorodiamine platinum (II) (DDP) cisplatin)
- anthracyclines eg, daunorubicin (formerly daunorubicin)
- Nucleic acid of the present invention and host cell containing the same
- the invention provides a nucleic acid encoding any of the above anti-LAG-3 antibodies or fragments thereof.
- the nucleic acid may encode an amino acid sequence comprising a light chain variable region and/or a heavy chain variable region of an antibody, or an amino acid sequence comprising a light chain and/or a heavy chain of an antibody.
- an exemplary nucleic acid of the invention comprises at least 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93 of a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44 or 45. a nucleic acid sequence of %, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identity, or comprising a selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 Nucleic acid sequence.
- a nucleic acid of the invention comprises a code selected from any one of SEQ ID NO: 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 or 37.
- nucleic acid having an amino acid sequence or encoding and selected from any one of SEQ ID NO: 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 or 37
- the invention also encompasses a nucleic acid that hybridizes under stringent conditions with a nucleic acid, or a nucleic acid having one or more substitutions (eg, conservative substitutions), deletions, or insertions with a nucleic acid comprising: SEQ ID NO: 38,
- the nucleic acid sequences of 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 have at least 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% a nucleic acid of an identical nucleic acid sequence; or a nucleic acid comprising a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45; comprising a coding selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 22, 23, a nucleic acid of a nucleic acid sequence of the amino acid sequence shown in any one of 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 or 37; or
- one or more vectors comprising the nucleic acid are provided.
- the vector is an expression vector, such as a eukaryotic expression vector.
- Vectors include, but are not limited to, viruses, plasmids, cosmids, lambda phage, or yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC).
- YAC yeast artificial chromosomes
- a variety of carrier systems can be used.
- one class of vectors utilizes DNA elements derived from animal viruses such as bovine papilloma virus, polyoma virus, adenovirus, vaccinia virus, baculovirus, retrovirus (Rous sarcoma virus, MMTV or MOMLV) or SV40 virus.
- Another type of vector utilizes RNA elements derived from RNA viruses such as Semliki forest virus, oriental equine encephalitis virus, and flavivirus.
- the expression vector of the invention is a pTT5 expression vector.
- cells that have stably incorporated DNA into their chromosomes can be selected by introducing one or more markers that allow selection of the host cells that have been transfected.
- the marker can, for example, provide prototrophic, biocidal (eg, antibiotic) or heavy metal (eg, copper) resistance, etc., to the auxotrophic host.
- the selectable marker gene can be ligated directly to the DNA sequence to be expressed or introduced into the same cell by co-transformation. Additional components may also be required in order to optimally synthesize mRNA. These elements can include splicing signals, as well as transcriptional promoters, enhancers, and termination signals.
- the expression vector can be transfected or introduced into a suitable host cell.
- a variety of techniques can be used to accomplish this, for example, protoplast fusion, calcium phosphate precipitation, electroporation, retroviral transduction, viral transfection, gene guns, lipid-based transfection, or other conventional techniques.
- protoplast fusion the cells are grown in culture and screened for appropriate activity. Methods and conditions for culturing the produced transfected cells and for recovering the produced antibody molecules are known to those skilled in the art and can be based on the methods described in the present specification and the prior art, depending on the particular expression vector used and Mammalian host cell changes or optimization.
- a host cell comprising a nucleic acid encoding an antibody molecule described herein or a vector described herein.
- Suitable host cells for cloning or expressing a nucleic acid or vector encoding the antibody include prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells as described herein.
- antibodies can be produced in bacteria, particularly when glycosylation and Fc effector functions are not required.
- the antibody can be isolated from the bacterial cell paste in the soluble fraction and can be further purified.
- the host cell is an E. coli cell.
- the host cell is eukaryotic.
- the host cell is selected from the group consisting of a yeast cell, a mammalian cell (eg, a human cell), an insect cell, a plant cell, or other cell suitable for use in the preparation of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
- eukaryotic microorganisms such as filamentous fungi or yeast are suitable cloning or expression hosts for vectors encoding antibodies, including glycosylation pathways that have been "humanized” resulting in the production of antibodies having partial or complete human glycosylation patterns. Fungal and yeast strains. See Gerngross, Nat. Biotech. 22: 1409-1414 (2004), and Li et al, Nat. Biotech.
- Host cells suitable for expression of glycosylated antibodies are also derived from multicellular organisms (invertebrates and vertebrates). Vertebrate cells can also be used as hosts.
- mammalian cell lines engineered to be suitable for suspension growth can be used.
- useful mammalian host cell lines are the monkey kidney CV1 line (COS-7) transformed with SV40; the human embryonic kidney line (293 HEK or 293 cells such as, for example, Graham et al, J. Gen Virol. 36:59 (1977) ) as described in ).
- Other useful mammalian host cell lines include Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, including DHFR-CHO cells (Urlaub et al, Proc.
- Suitable mammalian host cell lines include, but are not limited to, Vero cells, HeLa cells, COS cells, CHO cells, HEK293 cells, BHK cells, MDCKII cells, PerC6 cell lines (eg, PERC6 cells from Crucell), oocytes, and from transgenes.
- Animal cells such as mammary epithelial cells. Suitable insect cells include, but are not limited to, Sf9 cells.
- the anti-LAG3 antibodies disclosed herein can be recombinantly produced. There are several methods known in the art for producing recombinant antibodies. One example of a method for recombinant production of antibodies is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,816,567.
- a method of making an anti-LAG-3 antibody comprising culturing a host cell comprising a nucleic acid encoding the antibody, such as provided above, under conditions suitable for expression of the antibody, and The antibody is optionally recovered from the host cell (or host cell culture medium).
- a nucleic acid encoding an antibody such as an antibody described above
- Such nucleic acids are readily isolated and sequenced using conventional procedures (e.g., by using oligonucleotide probes that are capable of specifically binding to genes encoding the heavy and light chains of the antibody).
- the host cell comprises a vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding the amino acid sequence of the VL of the antibody and a nucleic acid encoding the amino acid sequence of the VH of the antibody. In one embodiment, the host cell comprises a first vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding an amino acid sequence of the VL of the antibody and a second vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding the amino acid sequence of the VH of the antibody.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibodies provided herein can be identified, screened, or characterized for their physical/chemical properties and/or biological activity by a variety of assays known in the art.
- the antibody of the present invention is tested for its antigen binding activity, for example, by known methods such as ELISA, Western blot, flow cytometry, magnetic beads of antibody molecules, and the like.
- LAG-3 binding can be determined using methods known in the art, and exemplary methods are disclosed herein.
- biophotonic interferometry eg, Fortebio affinity measurement
- MSD assay flow cytometry
- competition assays can be used to identify antibodies that compete with any of the anti-LAG-3 antibodies disclosed herein for binding to LAG-3.
- a competitive antibody binds to the same epitope (eg, a linear or conformational epitope) as the epitope to which the anti-LAG-3 antibody disclosed herein binds.
- epitope eg, a linear or conformational epitope
- a detailed exemplary method for locating epitopes bound by antibodies is found in Morris (1996) "Epitope Mapping Protocols", Methods in Molecular Biology vol. 66 (Humana Press, Totowa, NJ).
- the invention also provides assays for identifying an anti-LAG-3 antibody having one or more of the properties described above. Antibodies having such biological activity in vivo and/or in vitro are also provided.
- an antibody of the invention is tested for one or more of the properties described above.
- LAG-3 is expressed on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Treg cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC).
- LAG-3 is expressed in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (eg, infiltrating lymphocytes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)).
- LAG-3 is expressed on highly repressible inducible and natural Tregs.
- Such cells also include cell lines expressing LAG-3 and cell lines that are not normally expressing LAG-3 but have been transfected with a nucleic acid encoding LAG-3.
- any of the above assays can be performed by replacing or supplementing the anti-LAG-3 antibody with an immunoconjugate of the invention.
- any of the above assays can be performed using an anti-LAG-3 antibody and other therapeutic agents.
- compositions comprising an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof or an immunoconjugate thereof, and a composition comprising a nucleic acid encoding an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof.
- the composition comprises one or more antibodies that bind to LAG-3, or a fragment thereof, or an immunoconjugate thereof, or one or more antibodies that encode one or more LAG-3 binding antibodies or Fragment of nucleic acid.
- suitable pharmaceutical excipients such as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients and the like known in the art, including buffering agents.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers suitable for use in the present invention may be sterile liquids such as water and oil, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil and the like. Water is a preferred carrier when the pharmaceutical composition is administered intravenously. Saline solutions and aqueous dextrose and glycerol solutions can also be used as liquid carriers, especially for injectable solutions.
- Suitable excipients include starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, sodium stearate, glyceryl monostearate, talc, sodium chloride, dried skim milk, glycerin , propylene, glycol, water, ethanol, etc.
- excipients see also "Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients", Fifth Edition, R. C. Rowe, P. J. Seskey and S. C. Owen, Pharmaceutical Press, London, Chicago.
- compositions may also contain minor amounts of wetting or emulsifying agents, or pH buffering agents.
- these compositions may take the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsions, tablets, pills, capsules, powders, sustained release formulations and the like.
- Oral formulations may contain standard carriers and/or excipients such as pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, saccharin.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody of the present invention having the desired purity can be mixed with one or more optional pharmaceutical excipients (Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16th Ed., Osol, A. Ed. (1980)).
- Pharmaceutical formulations comprising the anti-LAG-3 antibodies described herein are prepared, preferably in the form of a lyophilized formulation or an aqueous solution.
- Exemplary lyophilized antibody formulations are described in U.S. Patent No. 6,267,958.
- Aqueous antibody preparations include those described in U.S. Patent No. 6,171,586 and WO2006/044908, the latter including a histidine-acetate buffer.
- compositions or formulations of the present invention may also comprise more than one active ingredient which is required for the particular indication being treated, preferably those having complementary activities which do not adversely affect each other.
- active ingredients such as chemotherapeutic agents and/or PD-1 axis binding antagonists (e.g., anti-PD-1 antibodies or anti-PD-L1 antibodies or anti-PD-L2 antibodies).
- the active ingredient is suitably present in combination in an amount effective for the intended use.
- the active ingredient can be any substance known in the art that can be combined with an anti-LAG-3 antibody, including chemotherapeutic agents, antibodies, and other therapeutic agents. Examples of such active ingredients are described, for example, in WO2016/028672, WO2015/042246, WO2015/138920, and the like.
- the anti-PD-1 antibody or anti-PD-L1 antibody or anti-PD-L2 antibody is an anti-human PD-1 antibody or an anti-human PD-L1 antibody or an anti-human PD-L2 antibody, for example, humanized Anti-human PD-1 antibody or anti-human PD-L1 antibody or anti-human PD-L2 antibody.
- sustained release formulations can be prepared. Suitable examples of sustained release formulations include semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers containing antibodies in the form of shaped articles such as films or microcapsules.
- the invention relates to a method of modulating an immune response in a subject.
- the method comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody molecule (eg, an anti-LAG-3 antibody) or a pharmaceutical composition or immunoconjugate disclosed herein to modulate an immune response in the subject.
- an antibody molecule eg, a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule
- a pharmaceutical composition or immunoconjugate disclosed herein restores, enhances, stimulates, or increases an immune response in a subject.
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a method of preventing or treating a tumor (eg, cancer) in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody molecule disclosed herein (eg, anti-LAG-3 Antibody) or a pharmaceutical composition or immunoconjugate.
- a tumor eg, cancer
- the tumor is a gastrointestinal tumor (eg, a cancer), such as colon cancer or the like.
- the invention relates to a method of preventing or treating an infectious disease in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody molecule disclosed herein (eg, an anti-LAG-3 antibody) Or a pharmaceutical composition or immunoconjugate.
- an antibody molecule disclosed herein eg, an anti-LAG-3 antibody
- a pharmaceutical composition or immunoconjugate e.g., an immunoconjugate.
- the infectious disease is a chronic infection.
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a method of eliciting antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody molecule disclosed herein (eg, anti-LAG -3 antibody) or a pharmaceutical composition or immunoconjugate.
- an antibody molecule disclosed herein eg, anti-LAG -3 antibody
- a pharmaceutical composition or immunoconjugate e.g., a pharmaceutical composition or immunoconjugate.
- the subject can be a mammal, for example, a primate, preferably a higher primate, for example, a human (eg, a patient having the disease described herein or at risk of having the disease described herein).
- the subject is in need of an enhanced immune response.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule described herein restores, enhances or stimulates an antigen-specific T cell response in a subject, eg, an interleukin-2 (IL-2) in an antigen-specific T cell response Or interferon-gamma (IFN- ⁇ ) production.
- the immune response is an anti-tumor response.
- the subject has or is at risk of having a disease described herein (eg, a tumor or infectious disease as described herein).
- the subject is immunocompromised or at risk of immunocompromised.
- the subject has received or has received chemotherapy treatment and/or radiation therapy.
- the subject is immunocompromised due to infection or has a risk of being immunocompromised by the infection.
- the tumors described herein include, but are not limited to, solid tumors, hematological cancers (eg, leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma), and metastatic lesions thereof.
- the cancer is a solid tumor.
- solid tumors include malignant tumors, for example, sarcomas and cancers (eg, adenocarcinomas) of multiple organ systems, such as invading the lungs, breast, lymph, gastrointestinal or colorectal, genital and genitourinary tract (eg, renal cells) , bladder cells, bladder cells), pharynx, CNS (eg, brain cells, nerve cells, or glial cells), skin (eg, melanoma), head and neck (eg, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNCC) )) and those of the pancreas.
- sarcomas and cancers eg, adenocarcinomas
- multiple organ systems such as invading the lungs, breast, lymph, gastrointestinal or colorectal, genital and genitourinary tract (eg, renal cells) , bladder cells, bladder cells), pharynx, CNS (eg, brain cells, nerve cells, or glial cells),
- melanoma colon cancer, gastric cancer, rectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, breast cancer (eg, breast cancer that does not express one, two or all of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or Her2/neu, eg, , triple negative breast cancer), liver cancer, lung cancer (eg, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (eg, NSCLC with squamous and/or non-squamous structure) or small cell liver cancer), prostate cancer, head or neck Cancer (eg, HPV + squamous cell carcinoma), small bowel cancer, and esophageal cancer.
- NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer
- head or neck Cancer eg, HPV + squamous cell carcinoma
- small bowel cancer small esophageal cancer.
- hematological cancers include, but are not limited to, leukemia (eg, myeloid leukemia, lymphoid leukemia or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)), lymphoma (eg, Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) (NHL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), T-cell lymphoma or mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and myeloma, for example, multiple myeloma.
- leukemia eg, myeloid leukemia, lymphoid leukemia or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
- lymphoma eg, Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) (NHL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), T-cell lymphoma or mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and my
- the cancer is selected from the group consisting of colorectal cancer (eg, CRC), melanoma, eg, advanced melanoma (eg, stage II-IV melanoma) or HLA-A2 positive-melanoma; pancreas Cancer, for example, advanced pancreatic cancer; breast cancer, for example, metastatic breast cancer or triple-negative breast cancer; head and neck cancer (for example, HNSCC); esophageal cancer; renal cell carcinoma (RCC), for example, renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) Or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC); lung cancer (eg, NSCLC); cervical cancer; bladder cancer; or hematological malignancies, eg, leukemia (eg, lymphocytic leukemia) or lymphoma (eg, Hodgkin's lymphoma) (HL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell lymph
- CRC
- compositions disclosed herein are useful for treating metastatic lesions associated with the aforementioned cancers.
- the cancer is a cancer that expresses LAG-3, particularly a metastatic cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is a cancer that expresses PD-L1. In some embodiments, the cancer is a cancer that expresses LAG-3 as well as PD-L1.
- the cancer described herein is colon cancer and metastatic cancer thereof.
- the infection is acute or chronic.
- the chronic infection is a persistent, latent infection or a slow infection.
- the chronic infection is caused by a pathogen selected from the group consisting of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
- the infectious disease is caused by a viral infection.
- pathogenic viruses include (types A, B, and C) hepatitis viruses, (types A, B, and C) influenza viruses, HIV, herpes viruses (eg, VZV, HSV-1, HAV-6) , HSV-II, CMV, Epstein Barr virus +), adenovirus, flavivirus, echovirus, rhinovirus, coxsackie virus, coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, mumps virus, rotavirus, measles virus, Rubella virus, parvovirus, vaccinia virus, HTLV virus, dengue virus, papilloma, soft prion, poliovirus, rabies virus, JC virus and plague encephalitis virus.
- viruses include (types A, B, and C) hepatitis viruses, (types A, B, and C) influenza viruses, HIV, herpes viruses (eg, VZV, HSV-1, HAV-6) , HSV
- the infection is a bacterial infection.
- pathogenic bacteria causing infection include syphilis, chlamydia, rickettsial, mycobacteria, staphylococcus, streptococcus, pneumococcus, meningococcus, and gonococcus (conococci), Klebsiella, proteobacteria, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Legionella, Diphtheria, Salmonella, Bacillus, Cholera, tetanus, Botox, Anthrax, Yersinia, Leptospira and Lyme.
- the infection is a fungal infection
- pathogenic fungi include Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata ), Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus (Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, etc.), Mucorales (Mucorales) Mucor, bsidia, rhizophus, Sporothrix schenkii, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, coarse ball Coccidioides immitis and Histoplasma capsulatum.
- the infection is a protozoan, such as a parasitic infection
- parasites include Entamoeba histolytica, Balantidium coli, and F. striata. Naegleria fowleri), Acanthamoeba sp., Giardia lambia, Cryptosporidium sp., Pneumocystis carinii, and other days Plasmodium vivax, Babesia microti, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, Toxoplasma Gondi) and the Japanese nematode (Nippostrongylus brasiliensis).
- the infectious disease is hepatitis (eg, hepatitis B infection).
- Anti-LAG-3 antibody molecules (alone or in combination with a PD-1 axis binding antagonist, such as anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1) can be combined with conventional treatments for hepatitis B infection for therapeutic advantages.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule is administered in combination with a hepatitis B antigen (eg, Engerix B) or a vaccine, and optionally in combination with an aluminum-containing adjuvant.
- the infectious disease is influenza.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule is administered in combination with an influenza antigen or vaccine.
- a disease suitable for prevention or treatment with an anti-LAG-3 antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention can be further referred to WO2015/138920, WO2016/028672, WO2015/042246 and the like.
- the invention provides the use of an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof or immunoconjugate thereof for the manufacture or preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a related disease or condition as mentioned above.
- an antibody or antibody fragment or immunoconjugate of the invention delays the onset of a condition and/or a condition associated with the condition.
- the prophylactic or therapeutic methods described herein further comprise administering to the subject or individual a combination of an antibody molecule (eg, an anti-LAG-3 antibody) or a pharmaceutical composition or immunoconjugate disclosed herein, And a PD-1 axis binding antagonist or a drug or immunoconjugate comprising the PD-1 axis binding antagonist.
- the PD-1 axis binding antagonist comprises, for example, an anti-PD-1 antibody or an anti-PD-L1 antibody or an anti-PD-L2 antibody.
- the PD-1 axis binding antagonist includes, but is not limited to, a PD-1 binding antagonist, a PD-L1 binding antagonist, and a PD-L2 binding antagonist.
- Alternative names for "PD-1” include CD279 and SLEB2.
- Alternative names for "PD-L1” include B7-H1, B7-4, CD274, and B7-H.
- Alternative names for "PD-L2” include B7-DC, Btdc, and CD273.
- PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 are human PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2.
- the PD-1 binding antagonist is a molecule that inhibits PD-1 binding to its ligand binding partner.
- the PD-1 ligand binding partner is PD-L1 and/or PD-L2.
- the PD-L1 binding antagonist is a molecule that inhibits PD-L1 binding to its binding partner.
- the PD-L1 binding partner is PD-1 and/or B7.1.
- the PD-L2 binding antagonist is a molecule that inhibits PD-L2 binding to its binding partner.
- the PD-L2 binding partner is PD-1.
- the antagonist can be an antibody, an antigen binding fragment thereof, an immunoadhesin, a fusion protein or an oligopeptide.
- the PD-1 binding antagonist is an anti-PD-1 antibody (eg, a human antibody, a humanized antibody, or a chimeric antibody).
- the anti-PD-1 antibody is selected from the group consisting of MDX-1106 (nivolumab, OPDIVO), Merck 3475 (MK-3475, pembrolizumab, KEYTRUDA) and CT-011 (Pidilizumab).
- the PD-1 binding antagonist is an immunoadhesin (eg, comprising extracellular or PD-1 fused to a constant region (eg, an Fc region of an immunoglobulin sequence), PD-L1 or PD-L2 Binding part of the immunoadhesin).
- the PD-1 binding antagonist is AMP-224.
- the PD-L1 binding antagonist is an anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- the anti-PD-L1 binding antagonist is selected from the group consisting of YW243.55.S70, MPDL3280A, MEDI4736, and MDX-1105.
- MDX-1105 also known as BMS-936559
- BMS-936559 is an anti-PD-L1 antibody described in WO2007/005874.
- the antibody YW243.55.S70 (the heavy and light chain variable region sequences are shown in SEQ ID No. 20 and 21, respectively) is the anti-PD-L1 described in WO 2010/077634 A1.
- MDX-1106 also known as MDX-1106-04, ONO-4538, BMS-936558 or nivolumab
- Merck 3475 also known as MK-3475, SCH-900475 or pembrolizumab
- MK-3475 SCH-900475 or pembrolizumab
- CT-011 also known as hBAT, hBAT-1 or pidilizumab
- AMP-224 also known as B7-DCIg
- PD-L2-Fc fusion soluble receptor as described in WO2010/027827 and WO2011/066342.
- the anti-PD-1 antibody is MDX-1106.
- Alternative names for "MDX-1106” include MDX-1106-04, ONO-4538, BMS-936558 or nivolumab.
- the anti-PD-1 antibody is nivolumab (CAS Registry Number: 946414-94-4).
- the anti-PD-1 antibody is "Antibody C" or Antibody D as described herein.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody of the invention can also be used in combination with an anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- an anti-PD-L1 antibody of the invention is an anti-human PD-L1 antibody.
- an anti-PD-L1 antibody of the invention is an antibody in IgGl form or an antibody in IgG2 form or an antibody in IgG4 form.
- the anti-PD-L1 antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
- the anti-PD-L1 antibody is humanized.
- the anti-PD-L1 antibody is a chimeric antibody.
- at least a portion of the framework sequence of the anti-PD-L1 antibody is a human consensus framework sequence.
- an anti-PD-L1 antibody of the invention further encompasses an antibody fragment thereof, preferably an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', Fab'-SH, Fv, single chain antibody (eg, scFv) or ( Fab') 2 , single domain antibody, double antibody (dAb) or linear antibody.
- an antibody fragment thereof preferably an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', Fab'-SH, Fv, single chain antibody (eg, scFv) or ( Fab') 2 , single domain antibody, double antibody (dAb) or linear antibody.
- the anti-PD-L1 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention comprises
- an anti-PD-L1 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) and/or a light chain variable region (VL), wherein
- VH comprises a complementarity determining region (CDR) HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3, wherein HCDR1 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51; HCDR2 comprises an amino acid selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: a sequence consisting of or consisting of the amino acid sequence; HCDR3 comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53;
- CDR complementarity determining region
- VL comprises a complementarity determining region (CDR) LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3, wherein LCDR1 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54; LCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55 or Composition of the amino acid sequence; LCDR3 comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO:56.
- CDR complementarity determining region
- an anti-PD-L1 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention comprises a heavy chain variable region VH and/or a light chain variable region VL, wherein
- an amino acid comprising at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 57 a sequence consisting of or consisting of; or
- amino acid change comprising an amino acid change having 1 or more (preferably no more than 10, more preferably not more than 5, 4, 3, 2, 1) amino acid sequences selected from SEQ ID NO: 57 (preferably) An amino acid sequence of an amino acid substitution, more preferably a conservative substitution of an amino acid, preferably, the amino acid change does not occur in the CDR region;
- amino acid change having one or more (preferably no more than 10, more preferably not more than 5, 4, 3, 2, 1) amino acid sequences selected from SEQ ID NO: 58 (preferably)
- amino acid sequence of an amino acid substitution more preferably a conservative substitution of an amino acid, preferably does not occur in the CDR regions.
- an anti-PD-L1 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention comprises a heavy chain and/or a light chain, wherein
- amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 59
- Amino acid sequence which changes preferably amino acid substitution, more preferably amino acid conservative substitution, preferably, said amino acid change does not occur in the CDR region of the heavy chain, more preferably, said amino acid change does not occur in the heavy chain variable region ;
- amino acids compared to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 60
- Amino acid sequence which changes preferably amino acid substitution, more preferably amino acid conservative substitution
- said amino acid change does not occur in the CDR region of the light chain, more preferably, said amino acid change does not occur in the light chain variable region .
- the modifications of the invention against an anti-LAG-3 antibody are equally applicable to an anti-PD-L1 antibody.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof can also be administered in combination with one or more other therapies, such as therapeutic modalities and/or other therapeutic agents.
- the treatment modality includes surgery (eg, tumor resection); radiation therapy (eg, external particle beam therapy, which involves three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in which the illumination region is designed), local illumination (eg, pointing to a pre-selected target) Or irradiation of organs) or focused illumination).
- the focused illumination can be selected from stereotactic radiosurgery, segmented stereotactic radiosurgery, and intensity modulated radiation therapy.
- the focused illumination may have a radiation source selected from the group consisting of a particle beam (proton), a cobalt-60 (photon), and a linear accelerator (X-ray), for example as described in WO 2012/177624.
- Radiation therapy can be administered by one or a combination of several methods including, but not limited to, external particle beam therapy, internal radiation therapy, implant irradiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, whole body radiation therapy, radiotherapy, and permanent or transient Interstitial brachytherapy.
- brachytherapy refers to radiation therapy delivered by spatially constrained radioactive material that is inserted into the body at or near the site of a tumor or other proliferative tissue disease.
- the term is intended to be, without limitation, including exposure to radioisotopes (eg, At-211, I-131, I-125, Y-90, Re-186, Re-188, Sm-153, Bi-212, P-32, and Lu's radioisotope).
- Suitable sources of radiation include solids and liquids.
- the source of radiation may be a radionuclide such as I-125, I-131, Yb-169, Ir-192 as a solid state source, I-125 as a solid source or emitting photons, beta particles, gamma radiation Or other radionuclides of other therapeutic rays.
- the radioactive material may also be a fluid made from any radionuclide solution, for example, an I-125 or I-131 solution, or a suitable fluid containing small particles of a solid radionuclide (such as Au-198, Y-90) may be used.
- the slurry produces a radioactive fluid.
- the radionuclide can be contained in a gel or radioactive microspheres.
- the therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of a chemotherapeutic agent, a cytotoxic agent, a vaccine, other antibodies, an anti-infective active agent, or an immunomodulatory agent (eg, an activator of a costimulatory molecule or an inhibitor of an immunological checkpoint molecule).
- a chemotherapeutic agent e.g., a cytotoxic agent, a vaccine, other antibodies, an anti-infective active agent, or an immunomodulatory agent (eg, an activator of a costimulatory molecule or an inhibitor of an immunological checkpoint molecule).
- Exemplary cytotoxic agents include anti-microtubule drugs, topoisomerase inhibitors, antimetabolites, mitotic inhibitors, alkylating agents, anthracyclines, vinblastine alkaloids, intercalating agents, capable of interfering with signal transduction Routes of active agents, pro-apoptotic active agents, proteasome inhibitors, and irradiation (eg, local or systemic exposure (eg, gamma radiation).
- irradiation eg, local or systemic exposure (eg, gamma radiation).
- Exemplary other antibodies include, but are not limited to, immunological checkpoint inhibitors (eg, anti-CTLA-4, anti-TIM-3, anti-CEACAM); antibodies that stimulate immune cells (eg, agonistic GITR antibodies or CD137 antibodies); anti-cancer Antibodies (eg, rituximab ( or ),Trastuzumab Tosimo monoclonal antibody Imomozumab Alemizumab Epalizumab Bevacizumab Erlotinib Cetuximab and many more.
- immunological checkpoint inhibitors eg, anti-CTLA-4, anti-TIM-3, anti-CEACAM
- antibodies that stimulate immune cells eg, agonistic GITR antibodies or CD137 antibodies
- anti-cancer Antibodies eg, rituximab ( or ),Trastuzumab Tosimo monoclonal antibody Imomozumab Alemizumab Epalizumab Bevacizumab Erlotinib Cetuxim
- chemotherapeutic agents include, but are not limited to, anastrozole Bicalutamide Bleomycin sulfate Bai Xiaoan Baixiaoan injection Capecitabine N4-pentyloxycarbonyl-5-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine, carboplatin Carmustine Chlorambucil Cisplatin Clarity Cyclophosphamide or ), cytarabine, cytosine arabinoside Cytarabine liposome injection dacarbazine Dactinomycin (actinomycin D, Cosmegan), daunorubicin hydrochloride Citric acid citrinomycin liposome injection Dexamethasone, docetaxel Doxorubicin hydrochloride Etoposide Fludarabine phosphate 5-fluorouracil Flutamide Tezacitibine, gemcitabine (difluorodeoxycytidine), hydroxyurea Idabis Ifosfamide Irinotecan L-as
- Exemplary vaccines include, but are not limited to, cancer vaccines.
- the vaccine can be a DNA based vaccine, an RNA based vaccine or a virus transduced vaccine.
- Cancer vaccines can be prophylactic or therapeutic.
- the cancer vaccine is a peptide cancer vaccine, which in some embodiments is a personalized peptide vaccine.
- the peptide cancer vaccine is a multivalent long peptide, a multiple peptide, a peptide mixture, a hybrid peptide, or a peptide pulsed dendritic cell vaccine (see, eg, Yamada et al, Cancer Sci, 104: 14-21) , 2013).
- anti-infective active agents include, but are not limited to, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antibacterial agents such as the nucleoside analog zidovudine (AST), ganciclovir, foscarnet or cidovir As described above.
- Immunomodulators include immunological checkpoint molecular inhibitors and costimulatory molecule activators.
- the inhibitor of the immunological checkpoint molecule is CTLA-4, TIM-3, VISTA, BTLA, TIGIT, LAIR1, CD160, 2B4, CEACAM (eg, CEACAM-1 and/or CEACAM-5) and / Or an inhibitor of TGFR. Inhibition of the molecule can be carried out at the DNA, RNA or protein level.
- an inhibitory nucleic acid eg, dsRNA, siRNA, or shRNA
- the inhibitor of the immunological checkpoint molecule is a polypeptide that binds to an immunological checkpoint molecule, eg, a soluble ligand or antibody or antibody fragment.
- Exemplary TIM-3 antibody molecules include, but are not limited to, MBG220, MBG227, and MBG219.
- the immunomodulatory agent is a soluble ligand (eg, CTLA-4-Ig or TIM-3-Ig) or an antibody or antibody fragment of CTLA4.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule (alone or in combination with a PD-1 axis binding antagonist) can be administered in combination with a CTLA-4 antibody (eg, ipilimumab).
- CTLA-4 antibody eg, ipilimumab
- exemplary anti-CTLA4 antibodies include tremelimumab (an IgG2 monoclonal antibody available from Pfizer, formerly known as ticilimumab, CP-675, 206); and ipilimumab (CTLA-4 antibody, also It is called MDX-010, CAS No. 477202-00-9).
- the immunomodulatory agent is an activator or agonist of a costimulatory molecule.
- the agonist of the costimulatory molecule is selected from an agonist of the following molecule (eg, an agonistic antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or a soluble fusion): OX40, CD2, CD27, CDS, ICAM-1, LFA -1 (CD11a/CD18), ICOS (CD278), 4-1BB (CD137), GITR, CD30, CD40, BAFFR, HVEM, CD7, LIGHT, NKG2C, SLAMF7, NKp80, CD160, B7-H3 or CD83 ligand.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof, alone or in combination with a PD-1 axis binding antagonist is associated with a costimulatory molecule comprising a co-stimulatory domain of CD28, CD27, ICOS, and GITR (eg, Used in combination with signal-related agonists.
- GITR agonists include, for example, GITR fusion proteins and anti-GITR antibodies (e.g., bivalent anti-GITR antibodies), for example, GITR fusion proteins described in U.S. Patent No. 6,111,090, European Patent No. 090,505 B1, U.S. Patent No. 8,586,023 PCT Publication Nos. WO 2010/003118 and 2011/090754.
- An exemplary anti-GITR antibody is TRX518.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof, alone or in combination with a PD-1 axis binding antagonist, can also be inhibited with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (eg, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)) Agent) used in combination.
- a tyrosine kinase inhibitor eg, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)
- RTK receptor tyrosine kinase
- Exemplary tyrosine kinase inhibitors include, but are not limited to, epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathway inhibitors (eg, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway inhibitors (eg, blood vessels) Endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors (eg, VEGFR-1 inhibitors, VEGFR-2 inhibitors, VEGFR-3 inhibitors), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) pathway inhibitors (eg, platelet-derived growth factor receptors) A body (PDGFR) inhibitor (eg, a PDGFR- ⁇ inhibitor), a RAF-1 inhibitor, a KIT inhibitor, and a RET inhibitor.
- EGF epidermal growth factor
- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGFR-1 inhibitors eg, VEGFR-2 inhibitors, VEGFR-3 inhibitors
- PDGF platelet-derived growth factor pathway inhibitors
- a body (PDGFR) inhibitor
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof can also be associated with a PI3K inhibitor, an mTOR inhibitor, a BRAF inhibitor, a MEK inhibitor, and/or a JAK2 inhibitor And so on.
- administration of an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof of the invention, alone or in combination with a PD-1 axis binding antagonist is combined with administration of a tumor antigen.
- the antigen may for example be a tumor antigen, a viral antigen, a bacterial antigen or an antigen from a pathogen.
- the tumor antigen comprises a protein.
- the tumor antigen comprises a nucleic acid.
- the tumor antigen is a tumor cell.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof of the invention can be associated with a T cell comprising a adoptively transferred chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) (eg, cytotoxicity) Treatment with T cells or CTL) is administered in combination.
- CAR chimeric antigen receptor
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof of the invention can be administered in combination with an antineoplastic agent.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof of the invention can be administered in combination with an oncolytic virus.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody or fragment thereof of the invention can be administered in combination with a cytokine.
- the cytokine can be administered as a fusion molecule with an anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule, or as a separate composition.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody is administered in combination with one, two, three or more cytokines (eg, as a fusion molecule or as a separate composition).
- the cytokine is an interleukin selected from one, two, three or more of IL-1, IL-2, IL-12, IL-12, IL-15 or IL-21 ( IL).
- an antibody of the invention, or a fragment thereof, alone or in combination with a PD-1 axis binding antagonist can be combined with conventional cancer therapies in the art including, but not limited to: (i) radiation therapy (for example, radiation therapy, X-ray therapy, irradiation) or using ionizing radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
- radiation therapy For example, radiation therapy, X-ray therapy, irradiation
- ionizing radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
- Radiation therapy can be administered by external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or by internal brachytherapy; (ii) chemotherapy, or the application of cytotoxic drugs, which generally affect rapidly dividing cells; (iii) targeted therapy, or specific effects
- An agent that deregulates cancer cell proteins eg, tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib, gefitinib; monoclonal antibody, photodynamic therapy
- immunotherapy or enhancement Host immune response (eg, vaccine)
- hormonal therapy or blocking hormones (eg, when the tumor is hormone sensitive),
- angiogenesis inhibitors, or blocking angiogenesis and growth and
- an antibody of the invention, or a fragment thereof, alone or in combination with a PD-1 axis binding antagonist can be combined with conventional methods of enhancing host immune function, including but not limited to: (i) APC enhancement , for example, (a) injecting a tumor with a DNA encoding a heterologous MHC alloantigen, or (b) a gene that increases the likelihood of recognition by an immunizing antigen (eg, immunostimulatory cytokine, GM-CSF, costimulatory molecule B7.1, B7.2) Transfected biopsies of tumor cells, (iii) adoptive cellular immunotherapy, or treatment with activated tumor-specific T cells.
- APC enhancement for example, (a) injecting a tumor with a DNA encoding a heterologous MHC alloantigen, or (b) a gene that increases the likelihood of recognition by an immunizing antigen (eg, immunostimulatory cytokine, GM-CSF, costimulatory molecule B7.1, B7.2
- Adoptive cellular immunotherapy includes isolating tumor-infiltrating host T lymphocytes, such as by in vitro expansion of the population by IL-2 or tumor or both; in addition, dysfunctional isolated T cells can also be used in vitro by applying the antibodies of the invention To activate, the thus activated T cells can then be re-administered to the host.
- Such combination therapies encompasses combined administration (wherein two or more therapeutic agents are included in the same formulation or separate formulations), and administered separately, in which case other therapies, such as treatments and Administration of the antibodies of the invention occurs before, simultaneously with, and/or after the therapeutic agent.
- Antibody molecules and/or other therapies, such as therapeutic agents or treatment modalities can be administered during an active disease or during a period of lesser or less active disease.
- the antibody molecule can be administered prior to other treatments, simultaneously with other treatments, after treatment, or during disease remission.
- administration of the anti-LAG-3 antibody and administration of another therapy within about one month, or within about one, two or three weeks, or about 1, 2, Occurs within 3, 4, 5, or 6 days.
- the antibody combinations described herein can be administered separately, eg, as separate antibodies, or when ligated (eg, as a bispecific or trispecific antibody molecule).
- any treatment can be performed by replacing or supplementing the anti-LAG-3 antibody with an immunoconjugate of the invention.
- the antibodies of the invention can be administered by any suitable method, including parenteral, intrapulmonary and intranasal, Also, if local treatment is required, it is administered intralesionally.
- Parenteral infusions include intramuscular, intravenous, intraarterial, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous administration. Depending on the short-term or long-term nature of the administration, it can be administered by any suitable route, for example by injection, for example intravenous or subcutaneous injection.
- Various medication schedules are contemplated herein, including, but not limited to, single administration or multiple administrations at multiple time points, bolus administration, and pulse infusion.
- an antibody of the invention for the prevention or treatment of a disease, a suitable dose of an antibody of the invention (when used alone or in combination with one or more other therapeutic agents) will depend on the type of disease being treated, the type of antibody, the severity of the disease, and the Whether the antibody is administered for prophylactic purposes or for therapeutic purposes, prior treatment, clinical history of the patient and response to the antibody, and the discretion of the attending physician.
- the antibody is suitably administered to the patient in one treatment or through a series of treatments.
- the dosage regimen is adjusted to provide the optimal desired response (eg, a therapeutic response).
- a single bolus may be administered, several separate doses may be administered over time or may be proportionally reduced or increased as indicated by the acute condition of the treatment situation.
- parenteral compositions in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity.
- Dosage unit form as used herein refers to physically discrete units suitable as a single dose for the subject to be treated; each unit contains a predetermined amount of active compound, the predetermined amount being calculated in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier. Produce the desired therapeutic effect.
- the specifications for the dosage unit form of the present invention are directly dependent on (a) the unique characteristics of the active compound and the particular therapeutic effect to be achieved, and (b) the incorporation of such active compounds for use in the field of sensitive treatment in individuals. limit.
- a non-limiting range of examples of therapeutically effective or prophylactically effective amounts of antibody molecules is from 0.1 to 30 mg/kg, more preferably from 1 to 25 mg/kg, more preferably from 5 to 15 mg/kg.
- the dosage and treatment regimen of the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule can be determined by the skilled artisan.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule is injected (eg, subcutaneously or intravenously) at about 1 to 40 mg/kg, eg, 1 to 30 mg/kg, eg, about 5 to 25 mg/kg, about 10 Administration is carried out at a dose of 20 mg/kg, about 1 to 5 mg/kg, 1 to 10 mg/kg, 5 to 15 mg/kg, 10 to 20 mg/kg, 15 to 25 mg/kg or about 3 mg/kg.
- the dosage regimen can vary, for example, from once a week to once every 2, 3 or 4 weeks.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule is administered every other week at a dose of about 10 to 20 mg/kg.
- the antibody molecule can be administered by intravenous infusion at a rate of more than 20 mg/min, for example, 20-40 mg/min and preferably greater than or equal to 40 mg/min, to achieve about 35 to 440 mg/m2, preferably about 70 to 310 mg/ A dose of m2 and more preferably from about 110 to 130 mg/m2. In an embodiment, an infusion rate of about 110 to 130 mg/m2 achieves a level of about 3 mg/kg. In one embodiment, the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule is administered at a dose of about 3 to 800 mg (eg, about 3, 20, 80, 240, or 800 mg) (eg, intravenously).
- a dose of about 3 to 800 mg eg, about 3, 20, 80, 240, or 800 mg
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule is administered alone at a dose of about 20 to 800 mg (eg, about 3, 20, 80, 240, or 800 mg). In other embodiments, the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule is administered at a dose of about 3 to 240 mg (eg, about 3, 20, 80, or 240 mg) to a second active agent or treatment (eg, a second active agent described herein) Or therapeutic means) combined administration. In one embodiment, the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule is administered every 2 weeks during each 8 week cycle (eg, between weeks 1, 3, 5, 7), eg, up to 96 weeks.
- the antibody molecule can be administered by intravenous infusion at a rate of more than 20 mg/min, for example, 20-40 mg/min and preferably greater than or equal to 40 mg/min, to achieve about 35 to 440 mg/m2, preferably A dose of about 70 to 310 mg/m2 and more preferably about 110 to 130 mg/m2 is used. In an embodiment, an infusion rate of about 110 to 130 mg/m2 achieves a level of about 3 mg/kg.
- the antibody molecule is administered by intravenous infusion at a rate of less than 10 mg/min, for example, less than or equal to 5 mg/min, to achieve from about 1 to 100 mg/m2, for example, from about 5 to 50 mg/m2, about A dose of 7 to 25 mg/m2 and more preferably about 10 mg/m2. In some embodiments, the antibody is infused over a period of about 30 minutes.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule is administered in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody molecule.
- exemplary dosages that may be used include about 1 to 10 mg/kg (eg, 3 mg/kg) of an anti-PD-1 antibody molecular dose.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule can be administered in combination at a dose of from about 20 to 800 mg, for example, about 20, 80, 240 or 800 mg.
- the anti-LAG-3 antibody molecule is administered every 2 weeks (eg, during weeks 1, 3, 5, 7) during every 8 week cycle (eg, up to 96 weeks).
- any of the anti-LAG-3 antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof provided herein can be used to detect the presence of LAG-3 in a biological sample.
- detection includes quantitative or qualitative detection, and exemplary detection methods may involve immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry (eg, FACS), magnetic binding of antibody molecules, ELISA assays. Method, PCR-technology (for example, RT-PCR).
- the biological sample is a blood, serum or other liquid sample of biological origin.
- the biological sample comprises cells or tissues.
- the biological sample is from a hyperproliferative or cancerous lesion.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody for use in a diagnostic or detection method.
- a method of detecting the presence of LAG-3 in a biological sample comprises detecting the presence of a LAG-3 protein in a biological sample.
- LAG-3 is human LAG-3.
- the method comprises contacting a biological sample with an anti-LAG-3 antibody as described herein under conditions that permit binding of the anti-LAG-3 antibody to LAG-3, and detecting the anti-LAG-3 antibody Whether a complex is formed between LAG-3 and LAG-3. Formation of the complex indicates the presence of LAG-3.
- the method can be an in vitro or in vivo method.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody is used to select a subject suitable for treatment with an anti-LAG-3 antibody, for example wherein LAG-3 is a biomarker for selecting the subject.
- a cancer or tumor can be diagnosed using an antibody of the invention, eg, to assess (eg, monitor) the treatment or progression of a disease (eg, a hyperproliferative or cancerous disease) described herein in a subject, its diagnosis, and/or Staging.
- a disease eg, a hyperproliferative or cancerous disease
- Labels include, but are not limited to, directly detected labels or moieties (such as fluorescent labels, chromophore labels, electron dense labels, chemiluminescent labels, and radioactive labels), as well as indirectly detected portions, such as enzymes or ligands, for example, By enzymatic reaction or molecular interaction.
- directly detected labels or moieties such as fluorescent labels, chromophore labels, electron dense labels, chemiluminescent labels, and radioactive labels
- indirectly detected portions such as enzymes or ligands, for example, By enzymatic reaction or molecular interaction.
- Exemplary labels include, but are not limited to, radioisotopes 32P, 14C, 125I, 3H, and 131I, fluorophores such as rare earth chelates or fluorescein and its derivatives, rhodamine and its derivatives, dansyl, umbrella Umbelliferone, Luciferiferase, for example, firefly luciferase and bacterial luciferase (U.S. Patent No.
- fluorescein 2,3-dihydropyridazinedione, horseradish peroxidase (HR), alkaline phosphatase, ⁇ -galactosidase, glucoamylase, lytic enzyme, carbohydrate oxidase, for example, glucose oxidase, galactose oxidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Heterocyclic oxidases such as uricase and xanthine oxidase, and enzymes that utilize hydrogen peroxide to dye precursors such as HR, lactoperoxidase, or microperoxidase, biotin/avidin , spin labeling, phage labeling, stable free radicals, and more.
- HR horseradish peroxidase
- alkaline phosphatase alkaline phosphatase
- ⁇ -galactosidase glucoamylase
- lytic enzyme carbohydrate oxidase, for example
- the sample is obtained prior to treatment with an anti-LAG-3 antibody. In some embodiments, the sample is obtained prior to treatment with a cancer drug. In some embodiments, the sample is obtained after the cancer has metastasized. In some embodiments, the sample is formalin fixed, paraffin coated (FFPE). In some embodiments, the sample is a biopsy (eg, a core biopsy), a surgical specimen (eg, from a surgically resected specimen), or a fine needle aspirate.
- FFPE formalin fixed, paraffin coated
- LAG-3 is detected prior to treatment, for example, prior to initiation of treatment or prior to treatment after the treatment interval.
- a method of treating a tumor or infection comprising: examining a subject (eg, a sample) (eg, a sample of a subject comprising cancer cells) for detecting the presence of LAG-3, The LAG-3 value is thus determined, the LAG-3 value is compared to the control value, and if the LAG-3 value is greater than the control value, the subject is administered a therapeutically effective amount of the individual, optionally in combination with one or more other therapies.
- an anti-LAG-3 antibody eg, an anti-LAG-3 antibody described herein
- a PD-1 axis binding antagonist thereby treating a tumor or infection.
- a yeast-based antibody presentation library was amplified according to the existing method (WO2009036379; WO 2010105256; W02012009568), wherein the diversity of each library reached 1 ⁇ 10 9 .
- the first two rounds of screening used Miltenyi's MACS system for magnetically activated cell sorting.
- FACS wash buffer phosphate buffer, containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin
- Human LAG-3 antigen Human LAG-3 antigen (ArcoBiosystems).
- the next round of sorting was performed using a flow cytometer: approximately 1 ⁇ 10 8 yeast cells obtained by MACS screening were washed three times with FACS buffer for human LAG containing low concentrations of biotin (100-1 nM). The -3 antigen was cultured at room temperature. After discarding the culture medium and washing the cells twice with FACS wash buffer, the cells were mixed with LC-FITC (FITC-labeled goat anti-human immunoglobulin F (ab') kappa chain antibody, Southern Biotech) (1:100 dilution).
- LC-FITC FITC-labeled goat anti-human immunoglobulin F (ab') kappa chain antibody, Southern Biotech
- SA-633 streptavidin-633, Molecular Probes
- SA-PE streptavidin-phycoerythrin, Sigma
- the yeast cells expressing the anti-human LAG-3 antibody obtained by the screening were shaken at 30 ° C for 48 hours to express an antibody against human LAG-3. After the end of the induction, the yeast cells were removed by centrifugation at 1300 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatant was harvested.
- the anti-human LAG-3 antibody in the supernatant was purified using Protein A, eluted with a pH 2.0 acetic acid solution, and the anti-human LAG-3 antibody was harvested with an antibody purity of >95%.
- This screening obtained antibody ADI-26789 and antibody ADI-26869.
- This method introduces mutations into the antibody heavy chain region by conventional mismatch PCR methods.
- the base mismatch probability was increased to about 0.01 bp by using the 1 uM highly mutated base analogs dPTP and 8-oxo-dGTP.
- the obtained mismatched PCR product was constructed by homologous recombination into a vector containing a heavy chain constant region.
- the CDRH3 gene of the progeny antibody obtained by the VHmut method was constructed into a 1 ⁇ 10 8 diversity CDRH1/CDRH2 gene pool, and subjected to 3 rounds of screening. In the first round, the MACS method was used, and in the second and third rounds, the FACS method was used, and the antibody antigen conjugate was subjected to affinity pressurization to select the antibody with the highest affinity.
- the CDR regions, the light chain variable region and the heavy chain variable region, the amino acid sequences of the light and heavy chains of the four antibodies (ADI-26789, ADI-26869, ADI-31851, ADI-31853) exemplified in the present invention, and Corresponding nucleic acid sequences and numbers are set forth in the "Table 1-4" section of this application.
- the cDNA encoding the light chain amino acid sequence and the heavy chain amino acid sequence of each anti-LAG-3 antibody was cloned into the expression vector pTT5, respectively, according to a conventional method in the art.
- the above expression vector containing the antibody gene of interest and the transfection reagent PEI (Polysciences) were transiently transfected into cultured human kidney blast cell 293 cells (Invitrogen) according to the protocol provided by the manufacturer, after transfection, the medium was discarded and fresh The cells were diluted to 4 ⁇ 10 6 /ml in EXPI293 medium (Gibco). The cells were cultured for 7 days at 37 ° C, 5% CO 2 , and fresh medium was added every 48 hours. After 7 days, centrifuge at 1300 rpm for 20 min. The supernatant was taken and the supernatant was purified with Protein A to give the antibody a purity of >95%.
- control antibodies used in the examples were also expressed and purified in HEK293 cells:
- 25F7 is a human LAG-3 antibody transiently expressed in HEK293 cells, the sequence of which is identical to the sequence of the antibody "25F7" in US20170137514A1.
- BAP050 is an anti-human LAG-3 antibody transiently expressed in HEK293 cells, the sequence of which is identical to the sequence of the antibody "BAP050” in US Patent WO 2015/138920 A1.
- the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of the above four exemplary antibodies of the present invention in combination with human LAG-3 (hLAG-3) was determined by Biote Interferometry (ForteBio) assay.
- the ForteBio affinity assay was performed according to the existing method (Estep, P et al, High throughput solution Based measurement of antibody-antigen affinity and epitope binning. MAbs, 2013.5(2): p. 270-8). Briefly, the sensor was equilibrated in assay buffer for 30 minutes, then on-line for 60 seconds to establish a baseline, and the purified antibody obtained as described above was loaded online onto an AHQ sensor (ForteBio) for ForteBio affinity measurement. The sensor with the loaded antibody was then exposed to 100 nM human LAG-3 antigen (Arco Biosystems) for 5 minutes, after which the sensor was transferred to assay buffer for 5 minutes for dissociation rate measurement. Analysis of the kinetics was performed using a 1:1 binding model.
- affinities of ADI-26789, ADI-26869, ADI-31851, ADI-31853, and control antibodies 25F7 and BAP050 are shown in Table 6 in experiments conducted as described in the above assays.
- Example 5 Binding of the anti-LAG-3 antibody of the present invention to human LAG-3
- Binding of the above four exemplary antibodies of the invention to human LAG-3 was measured in a flow cytometry based assay.
- 293 cells overexpressing human LAG-3 were generated by transfecting human blastocysts 293 cells (Invitrogen) with pCHO1.0 vector (Invitrogen) carrying human LAG-3 cDNA (Sino Biological) cloned into the multiple cloning site MCS (293-hLAG-3 cells).
- 293-hLAG-3 cells (0.2 ⁇ 10 6 cells) were mixed with different concentrations of the experimental antibodies (ADI-26789, ADI-26869 and control antibody 25F7) prepared as described above (antibody dilution method was: the highest antibody concentration was 500 nM, three-fold dilution in PBS containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for a total of 8 concentrations tested). Incubate on ice for 30 minutes. The cells were then washed at least twice, and a 1:100 dilution of secondary antibody (PE-labeled goat anti-human IgG antibody, Southern Biotech, final concentration of 5 ⁇ g/ml) was added and incubated on ice (protected from light) for 30 minutes. The cells were washed at least twice and analyzed by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry was performed on an Accuri C6 system (BD Biosciences) and a concentration-dependent curve was fitted with GraphPad according to its MFI.
- Affinity-optimized anti-hLAG-3 antibodies ADI-31851 and ADI-31853 bind to hLAG-3 overexpressing HEK293 cells with EC50 values of 0.501 nM and 0.4332 nM, respectively, which are superior to control antibody 25F7 and BAP050 overexpressing HEK293 cells.
- the binding capacity of hLAG-3 (EC50 values were 2.593 nM and 1.409 nM, respectively).
- ADI-31851, ADI-31853 The ability of ADI-31851, ADI-31853 to block the binding of human LAG-3 to MHC II (HLA) on the cell surface was measured by flow cytometry.
- HLA-DR- ⁇ and HLA-DR ⁇ 1 two-stage DNA having the sequence described below were simultaneously constructed into pCHO1.0 vector (Invitrogen) and transfected into CHO-S cells (Invitrogen, ExpiCHO TM Expression System Kit, article number: A29133 CHO cells (CHO-DR cells) whose surface overexpresses human HLA-DR are produced.
- the antigen rhLAG3 protein (huFc) (Sino Biological) was diluted to 40 nM, 50 ⁇ l/well.
- the antibodies prepared as described above (ADI-31851, ADI-31853 and control antibody 25F9) were subjected to 3-fold serial dilution from the highest concentration of 80 nM, a total of 8 dilution gradients, 50 ⁇ l/well, and incubated on PBS ice for 30 min. The concentration was 20 nM and the maximum final concentration of the antibody was 40 nM.
- CHO-DR cells were adjusted to 3 x 10 5 cells/well, 100 ⁇ l/well.
- the cells were centrifuged at 300 g for 5 min, the supernatant was discarded, and resuspended in the antigen-antibody mixture. Incubate on ice for 30 min, add PBS 100 ⁇ l/well, centrifuge at 300 g for 5 min, wash once with PBS, add 100 ⁇ l of goat anti-human IgG-PE (Southern Biotech)/well diluted 1:100, ice bath for 20 min, add PBS 100 ⁇ l/well, 300 g Centrifuge for 5 min and wash once with PBS. The cell fluorescence signal values were measured by resuspending in 100 ⁇ l of PBS and cell flow meter (BD Biosciences).
- Human CD4+ T cells were activated to express LAG-3 protein on their surface. This study measured the binding ability of ADI-31851, ADI-31853 and activated human CD4 + T cells by flow cytometry.
- PBMC separation Take 50 ml of fresh blood from donors, add 2.5 times PBS, gently add to FiColl (Thermo), divide into 4 tubes, 12.5 ml per tube, 400 g, centrifuge for 30 min, and stop at 0 deceleration. Pipette the middle white strip into PBS and wash twice with PBS.
- CD4+ T cell isolation The kit was operated according to the 'Untouched CD4+T cell isolation' kit (11346D, Invitrogen) instructions. PBMC was cultured for 2 h, and the suspended cell liquid was aspirated into a 15 ml centrifuge tube, centrifuged at 200 g for 10 min, and 500 ⁇ l of the separation solution, 100 ⁇ l of AB-type serum, 100 ⁇ l of purified antibody were resuspended in the pellet, incubated at 4 ° C for 20 min, and washed once with the separation solution.
- Bead Buffer Invitrogen
- Bead was removed in a magnetic field, and the T cell medium was washed once, resuspended in 8 ml of medium, and cultured at 37 ° C, 6% CO 2 .
- the wells were 150 ⁇ l/well, the other wells were 100 ⁇ l/well, and the antibodies ADI-31851 and ADI-31853 and the control antibody 25F7 prepared as described above were added to the first column of wells at a final concentration of 10 nM, and mixed, and 50 ⁇ l was taken into the next row of wells. And so on. Make 3 duplicate wells per sample.
- Example 8 Binding of anti-LAG-3 antibody of the present invention to mouse LAG-3
- Binding of the two exemplary antibodies ADI-31851 and ADI-31853 of the present invention to mouse LAG-3 was measured in a flow cytometry-based assay.
- Mouse LAG-3cDNA (Sino Biological) carrying cloned into the multiple cloning site by transfecting pCHO1.0 vector (Invitrogen) into CHO-S cells (Invitrogen, ExpiCHO TM Expression System Kit , NO: A29133), is too small to generate the expression CHO cells of mouse LAG-3 (CHO-mLAG-3 cells).
- CHO-mLAG-3 cells (0.2 ⁇ 10 6 cells) were mixed with different concentrations of the experimental antibodies (ADI-31851, ADI-31853, and control antibodies 25F7 and BAP050) prepared as described above (antibody dilution method: highest antibody) At a concentration of 500 nM, three dilutions were made in PBS containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for a total of 8 concentrations). Incubate on ice for 30 minutes. The cells were then washed at least twice, and a 1:100 dilution of secondary antibody (PE-labeled goat anti-human IgG antibody, Southern Biotech, final concentration of 5 ⁇ g/ml) was added and incubated on ice (protected from light) for 30 minutes. The cells were washed at least twice and analyzed by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry was performed on an Accuri C6 system (BD Biosciences) and a concentration-dependent curve was fitted with GraphPad according to its MFI.
- mice Female BALB/c mice (about 8 weeks old) were purchased from Beijing Weitong Lihua Experimental Animal Technology Co., Ltd. The mice were domesticated for 7 days after arrival and the study was started.
- Mouse colon cancer cell line CT26 (ATCC# CRL-2638) was purchased from ATCC and routinely subcultured for subsequent in vivo experiments in strict accordance with ATCC requirements. The cells were collected by centrifugation, resuspended in sterile PBS and adjusted to a cell density of 5 x 10 6 /ml. On day 0, 0.2 ml of the cell suspension was subcutaneously inoculated into the right abdomen region of BALB/c mice (Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd.) to establish a tumor-bearing mouse model.
- mice were divided into four groups (8 mice per group), each of which was injected subcutaneously with the following doses of antibody:
- mice IgG (equitech-Bio), 10 mg/kg;
- mice meeting the experimental requirements were randomly divided into groups of 8 each. Each group of mice was dosed as above on days 7, 10, 14 and 17 with the above four groups of reagents, respectively.
- Tumors and body weight were measured twice weekly throughout the study, and mice were euthanized when the tumor reached the endpoint (tumor volume > 2500 mm 3 ) or when the mice had >20% weight loss.
- Tumor size from each group of mice was plotted against time. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine statistical significance. A P value of ⁇ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant in all analyses performed using Prism 5 statistical software (GraphPad software).
- This study used a humanized mouse model to study the combination of anti-human LAG-3 antibody ADI-31853 and anti-PD-1 antibody “Antibody D” (IBI308, WO2017/025016) or anti-PD-L1 antibody (HZ3266-IgG1N297A). Antitumor activity.
- anti-tumor effects of anti-LAG-3 antibodies were determined on NOG mice using A375 (ATCC) human skin cancer cells.
- A375 A375 human skin cancer cells.
- NOG model A375 tumor-bearing mouse model
- the tumor volume and body weight of the mice in each group during the administration were monitored, and the frequency of administration was 2 times/week, and the administration was carried out for 2 weeks for a total of 5 times.
- the monitoring frequency was 2 times/week, and the monitoring was continued for 4 weeks.
- the dosage and mode of administration were as shown in Table 2.
- the relative tumor inhibition rate (TGI%) was calculated after the end of administration.
- the cDNA encoding the light chain amino acid sequence and the heavy chain amino acid sequence (Table 3) of the anti-PD-L1 antibody HZ3266-IgG1N297A was cloned into the expression vector pMD20-T vector (Clontech), respectively, according to a conventional method in the art, and the plasmid was obtained for transformation. dye.
- 293F cells (Invitrogen) were passaged according to the desired transfection volume, and the cell density was adjusted to 1.5 ⁇ 10 6 cells/ml one day before transfection. The cell density on the day of transfection was approximately 3 x 10 6 cells/ml.
- a final volume of 1/10 of F17 medium (Gibco, A13835-01) was used as a transfection buffer, and an appropriate plasmid was added and mixed.
- Add appropriate polyethyleneimine (PEI) Polysciences, 23966) to the plasmid (the ratio of plasmid to PEI is 1:3 in 293F cells), mix and incubate for 10 min at room temperature to obtain a DNA/PEI mixture.
- PEI polyethyleneimine
- the gravity column used for purification was treated with 0.5 M NaOH overnight, and the glass bottle and the like were washed with distilled water and then dry-baked at 180 ° C for 4 hours to obtain a purification column.
- the collected medium was centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 30 min before purification, and the cells were discarded.
- the supernatant was then filtered using a 0.22 ⁇ l filter.
- Each tube was filled with 1 ml of ProteinA and equilibrated with 10 ml of binding buffer (sodium phosphate 20 mM. NaCl 150 mM, pH 7.0). The filtered supernatant was added to the purification column and re-equilibrated with 15 ml of binding buffer.
- elution buffer citric acid + sodium citrate 0.1 M, pH 3.5
- eluate was collected
- 80 ⁇ l of Tris-HCl was added per 1 ml of the eluate.
- the collected antibodies were concentrated by ultrafiltration into PBS (Gibco, 70011-044), and the concentration was measured.
- the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of the anti-PD-L1 antibody (HZ3266-IgG1N297A) binding to human PD-L1 was determined by bioluminescence interferometry (ForteBio).
- the ForteBio affinity assay was performed according to the existing method (Estep, P et al, High throughput solution Based measurement of antibody-antigen affinity and epitope binning. MAbs, 2013.5(2): p. 270-8).
- the instrument setting parameters are as follows: running steps: Baseline, Loading ⁇ 1 nm, Baseline, Association, and Dissociation; the running time of each step depends on the sample binding and dissociation speed, the rotation speed is 400 rpm, and the temperature is 30 °C. KD values were analyzed using ForteBio analysis software. The measured K D value was 0.724 nM.
- mice NOG mice, female, 7-8 weeks (the age of mice at the time of tumor cell inoculation), weighing 17.6-24.2 g, purchased from Beijing Weitong Lihua Experimental Animal Technology Co., Ltd. The mice were domesticated for 7 days after arrival and the study was started.
- Human skin cancer cells A375 (ATCC# CRL-1619) were purchased from ATCC and routinely subcultured for subsequent in vivo experiments in strict accordance with ATCC requirements. The cells were collected by centrifugation, resuspended in sterile PBS, and adjusted to a cell density of 30 ⁇ 10 6 /ml. After NOG mice have been intravenously injected with human PBMC, the right back is shaved and subcutaneously injected with 0.2 ml/A of A375 cells. Tumor cells were examined for tumor volume 7 days after inoculation, and mice with an average tumor volume in the range of 70-71 mm 3 were randomly grouped according to tumor volume.
- mice that met the mean tumor volume requirement were randomized into groups of 8 animals each. Each group of mice was dosed as above on days 7, 10, 14 and 17 with the above six groups of reagents, respectively.
- Tumors and body weight were measured twice weekly throughout the study, and mice were euthanized when the tumor reached the endpoint or when the mice had >20% weight loss.
- Example 11 Activation of human CD4 + T cells by anti-LAG-3 antibody combined with anti-PD-L1 antibody
- human CD4 + T cell activation assay was used to detect the activation of human T cells by ADI-31853. Beads stimulated activation (as described in Example 7) of human CD4 + T cells, mature DC and different concentrations of ADI-31853, 25F7 alone solution, PD-L1 antibody (HZ3266-IgG1N297A, prepared as described above) alone, And the combination was incubated for a total of 3 days in a 96-well U-bottom plate.
- IL-2 concentration in the supernatant was measured, and the activation of T cells by ADI-31853, 25F7 alone, and with the PD-L1 antibody (HZ3266-IgG1N297A, prepared as described above) was compared.
- Human PBMC cells (prepared as described in Example 7) were removed from the liquid nitrogen tank, thawed rapidly in a 37 ° C water bath, transferred to 20 ml human T cell medium (containing 1 DNase (Sigma)), centrifuged at 400 g. 10min. The cells were resuspended in T75 flasks with 20 ml of human T cell medium (1 DNase) and cultured in a 37 ° C, 5% CO 2 cell incubator for 24 h.
- human T cell medium containing 1 DNase (Sigma)
- DC cell separation discard the suspension cell solution, add 9 ml DC medium to the remaining cells, add 3 ml DC medium after 2 days of culture, and then culture for 5 days, then add rTNFa (1000 U/ml), IL-1b (5 ng/ml). IL-6 (10 ng/ml) and 1 ⁇ M PGE2 (Tocris) were cultured for 2 days as DC cells for lymphocyte mixed reaction (MLR).
- MLR lymphocyte mixed reaction
- T cell culture medium and DC cell culture medium are both CTS AIM V SFM, and 1000 U/ml IL-4 and 1000 U/ml GM-CSF are additionally added to the DC medium.
- the item number and batch number are as follows:
- Human PBMC cells (prepared as described in Example 7) were removed from the liquid nitrogen tank, thawed rapidly in a 37 ° C water bath, then transferred to human T cell medium (1 DNase) as described above, and centrifuged at 400 g for 10 min. .
- Human T cell medium (1 DNase) as described above, and centrifuged at 400 g for 10 min. .
- Mature DC cells were mixed with CD4+ cells at a volume of 200 ⁇ l per well, 10000 DC cells, 100000 CD4+ cells, and antibody (200 nM, 4 fold serial dilution, SEE (Toxin technology) 1 ng/ml), DC, CD4+ cells, The mixed cells were used as a negative control and mixed for 3 days.
- the antibody concentrations used are as follows:
- Anti-LAG-3 ADI-31853 200nM start, 4x dilution, total 10 concentrations
- Anti-PD-L1 200nM start, 4 times dilution, a total of 10 concentrations
- Anti-LAG-3 (200nM start, 4x dilution, total 10 concentrations) + anti-PD-L1 (12.5nM)
- the concentration of IL-2 in the medium was measured using Cisbio Human IL-2kit.
- test solution (reagents are all from Human IL2 1000tests kit, Cisbio)
- the medium supernatant and the standard gradient solution (10 ⁇ l) were added to a 96-well microplate, and 10 ⁇ l of the test solution was added to each well, and centrifuged at 400 g for 1 min, protected from light, and incubated at room temperature for 2 h.
- the OD value was read at 616 nm and 665 nm using a multi-function microplate reader, and the data was analyzed.
- Ratio OD 665nm / OD 616nm ⁇ 10 4
- the IL-2 standard curve was obtained.
- the IL-2 level of human CD4+ T cells in each group was calculated by a standard curve.
Abstract
Description
对照抗体 |
25F7 |
BAP050 |
Claims (28)
- 结合LAG-3的抗体或其抗原结合片段,所述抗体包含(i)如SEQ ID NO:22所示的重链可变区的3个互补决定区HCDR,以及如SEQ ID NO:26所示的轻链可变区的3个互补决定区LCDR,或者(ii)如SEQ ID NO:23所示的重链可变区的3个互补决定区HCDR,以及如SEQ ID NO:27所示的轻链可变区的3个互补决定区LCDR,或者(iii)如SEQ ID NO:24所示的重链可变区的3个互补决定区HCDR,以及如SEQ ID NO:28所示的轻链可变区的3个互补决定区LCDR,或者(iv)如SEQ ID NO:25所示的重链可变区的3个互补决定区HCDR,以及如SEQ ID NO:29所示的轻链可变区的3个互补决定区LCDR。
- 结合LAG-3的抗体或其抗原结合片段,所述抗体包含重链可变区的3个互补决定区HCDR,以及轻链可变区的3个互补决定区LCDR,其中HCDR1包含SEQ ID NO:1、2、3、4或17所示的氨基酸序列,HCDR2包含SEQ ID NO:5、6、7或18所示的氨基酸序列,HCDR3包含SEQ ID NO:8、9、10或19所示的氨基酸序列,LCDR1包含SEQ ID NO:11、12或20所示的氨基酸序列,LCDR2包含SEQ ID NO:13所示的氨基酸序列,且LCDR3包含SEQ ID NO:14、15、16或21所示的氨基酸序列。
- 结合LAG-3的抗体或其抗原结合片段,所述抗体包含重链可变区和/或轻链可变区,其中所述重链可变区包含:(i)表B所列任一抗体的VH中所含的三个互补决定区域(HCDR);或(ii)表A所示的HCDR1、HCDR2和HCDR3的组合;和/或所述轻链可变区包含:(i)表B所列任一抗体的VL中所含的三个互补决定区域(LCDR);或(ii)表A所示的LCDR1、LCDR2和LCDR3的组合。
- 权利要求1至3中任一项的抗体或其抗原结合片段,所述抗体包含轻链可变区和/或重链可变区,其中,重链可变区包含与选自SEQ ID NO:22、23、24或25的氨基酸序列具有至少90%同一性的氨基酸序列或由其组成;和/或轻链可变区包含与选自SEQ ID NO:26、27、28或29的氨基酸序列具有至少90%同一性的氨基酸序列或由其组成。
- 权利要求1至3中任一项的抗体或其抗原结合片段,所述抗体包含含有SEQ ID NO:22、23、24或25所示的氨基酸序列的重链可变区,和/或含有SEQ ID NO:26、27、28或29所示的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区。
- 权利要求1至5中任一项的抗体或其抗原结合片段,所述抗体包含(a)重链(i)包含与选自SEQ ID NO:30、31、32或33的氨基酸序列具有至少85%同一性的氨基酸序列或由其组成;或者(ii)包含选自SEQ ID NO:30、31、32或33的氨基酸序列或由其组成;和/或(b)轻链(i)包含与选自SEQ ID NO:34、35、36或37的氨基酸序列具有至少85%同一性的氨基酸序列或由其组成;或者(ii)包含选自SEQ ID NO:34、35、36或37的氨基酸序列或由其组成。
- 权利要求1至6中任一项的结合LAG-3的抗体或其抗原结合片段,其具有以下一个或多个特性:(1)以高亲和力结合LAG-3(例如人LAG-3),例如,以以下平衡解离常数(K D)与LAG-3结合,所述K D小于大约8nM;(2)结合表达人LAG-3的细胞,例如,以小于或等于大约1nM的EC50;(3)结合表达小鼠LAG-3的细胞,例如,以小于或等于大约50nM的EC50,例如以大约40-50nM的EC50;(4)抑制LAG-3的相关活性,例如以小于或等于大约5nM的IC 50抑制LAG-3与表达MHC II类分子的细胞上的MHC II类分子的结合;(5)结合激活的CD4+和/或CD8+T细胞的表面上的内源LAG-3,例如以小于或等于大约35pM;(6)抑制LAG-3的一种或多种活性,例如,导致以下一种或多种:CD4+T淋巴细胞的抗原依赖性刺激增加;T细胞增殖增加;活化抗原(例如,CD25)的表达增加;细胞因子(例如,干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白介素-2(IL-2)或白介素-4(IL-4))的表达增加;趋化因子(例如,CCL3、CCL4或CCL5)的表达增加;Treg细胞的阻抑活性减少;T细胞稳态增加;肿瘤浸润型淋巴细胞增加;或癌细胞的免疫逃避减少;(7)能够诱发抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒性(ADCC);(8)显示与表3所列的任一抗体对LAG-3相同或相似的结合亲和力和/或特异性;(9)抑制(例如,竞争性抑制)表3所列的任一抗体与LAG-3的结合;(10)与表3所示的任一抗体结合相同或重叠的表位;(11)与表3所示的任一抗体竞争结合LAG-3;(12)具有表3所列的任一抗体分子的一个或多个生物学特性。
- 权利要求1至7中任一项的抗LAG-3抗体或其抗原结合片段,其中所述抗体是IgG4形式的抗体或其抗原结合片段,任选地所述抗LAG-3抗体或其抗原结合片段包含κ轻链恒定区,例如人κ轻链恒定区。
- 权利要求1至8中任一项的抗LAG-3抗体或其抗原结合片段,其中所述抗体是单克隆抗体。
- 权利要求1至9中任一项的抗LAG-3抗体或其抗原结合片段,其中所述抗体是人源化的抗体或人抗体。
- 权利要求1至10中任一项的抗体或其抗原结合片段,其中所述抗原结合片段是选自以下的抗体片段:Fab、Fab’、Fab’-SH、Fv、单链抗体例如scFv、(Fab’) 2片段、单结构域抗体、双抗体(dAb)或线性抗体。
- 权利要求1至11中任一项的抗体或其抗原结合片段,其中所述抗体是双特异性抗体或多特异性抗体,优选地,所述双特异性抗体结合LAG-3和PD-1,结合LAG-3和PD-L1,或结合LAG-3和PD-L2;优选地,所述多特异性抗体包含针对LAG-3的第一结合特异性和针对以下一种或多种的分子的第二及第三结合特异性:PD-1(例如人PD-1)、TIM-3、CEACAM(例如、CEACAM-1或CEACAM-5)、PD-L1(例如人PD-L1)或PD-L2(例如人PD-L2)。
- 分离的核酸,其编码权利要求1至12中任一项的抗LAG-3抗体或其抗原结合片段。
- 包含权利要求13的核酸的载体,优选地所述载体是表达载体,例如pTT5载体。
- 包含权利要求13的核酸或权利要求14的载体的宿主细胞,优选地,所述宿主细胞是原核的或真核的,更优选的选自大肠杆菌细胞、酵母细胞、哺乳动物细胞或适用于制备抗体或其抗原结合片段的其它细胞,最优选地,所述宿主细胞是293细胞或CHO细胞。
- 制备抗LAG-3抗体或其抗原结合片段的方法,所述方法包括在适于表达编码权利要求1至12中任一项的抗LAG-3抗体或其抗原结合片段的核酸的条件下培养权利要求15的宿主细胞,任选地分离所述抗体或其抗原结合片段,任选地所述方法还包括从所述宿主细胞回收所述抗LAG-3抗体或其抗原结合片段。
- 免疫缀合物,其包含权利要求1至12中任一项的抗LAG-3抗体或其抗原结合片段和其它物质,例如细胞毒性剂。
- 药物组合物,其包含权利要求1至12中任一项的抗LAG-3抗体或其抗原结合片段或者权利要求17的免疫缀合物,以及任选地药用辅料。
- 药物组合物,其包含权利要求1至12中任一项的抗LAG-3抗体或其抗原结合片段或者权利要求17的免疫缀合物,以及其它治疗剂,以及任选地药用辅料;优选地,所述其它治疗剂选自化疗剂、其它抗体、细胞毒性剂、疫苗、抗感染活性剂或免疫调节剂(例如共刺激分子的激活剂或免疫检查点分子的抑制剂),优选地抗PD-1抗体、抗PD-L1抗体或抗PD-L2抗体,优选地,抗人PD-1抗体或抗人PD-L1抗体,例如人源化的抗人PD-1抗体或人源化的抗人PD-L1抗体。
- 权利要求19所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗PD-L1抗体包含(i)如SEQ ID NO:57所示的重链可变区的3个互补决定区HCDR,和/或(ii)如SEQ ID NO:58所示的轻链可变区的3个互补决定区LCDR。
- 权利要求19所述的药物组合物,其中所述抗PD-L1抗体重链可变区(VH)和/或轻链可变区(VL),其中(i)所述VH包含互补决定区域(CDR)HCDR1、HCDR2和HCDR3,其中HCDR1包含SEQ ID NO:51的氨基酸序列,或由所述氨基酸序列组成;HCDR2包含选自SEQ ID NO:52的氨基酸序列,或由所述氨基酸序列组成;HCDR3包含SEQ ID NO:53的氨基酸序列或由所述氨基酸序列组成;和/或(ii)其中所述VL包含互补决定区域(CDR)LCDR1、LCDR2和LCDR3,其中LCDR1包含SEQ ID NO:54的氨基酸序列或由所述氨基酸序列组成;LCDR2包含SEQ ID NO:55的氨基酸序列或由所述氨基酸序列组成;LCDR3包含选自SEQ ID NO:56的氨基酸序列或由所述氨基酸序列组成。
- 有效量的权利要求1至12中任一项的抗LAG-3抗体或其抗原结合片段、或权利要求17的免疫缀合物、或权利要求18至21中任一项的药物组合物在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于在受试者中预防或治疗受试者或个体肿瘤或感染性疾病。
- 有效量的权利要求1至12中任一项的抗LAG-3抗体或其抗原结合片段、或权利要求17的免疫缀合物、或权利要求18或19的药物组合物,以及PD-1轴结合拮抗剂或包含所述PD-1轴结合拮抗剂的药物或活性剂在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于在受试者中预防或治疗受试者或个体肿瘤或感染性疾病,优选地,所述PD-1轴结合拮抗剂是抗PD-1抗体或抗PD-L1抗体,例如抗人PD-1抗体或抗人PD-L1抗体,例如人源化的抗人PD-1抗体或人源化的抗人PD-L1抗体。
- 权利要求22或23的用途,其中所述肿瘤是癌症,例如胃肠道肿瘤,例如胃肠道癌症,例如结肠癌;或者所述感染性疾病是慢性感染。
- 权利要求22至24中任一项所述的用途,其还包括向所述受试者联合施用一种或多种其它疗法,所述疗法例如包括治疗方式和/或其它治疗剂,优选地,所述治疗方式包括手术治疗和/或放射疗法,或者所述治疗剂选自化疗剂、细胞毒性剂、疫苗、其它抗体、抗感染活性剂或免疫调节剂(例如共刺激分子的激活剂或免疫检查点分子的抑制剂),优选地,所述其他治疗剂抗PD-1抗体、抗PD-L1抗体或抗PD-L2抗体,优选地,抗人PD-1抗体或抗人PD-L1抗体,例如人源化的抗人PD-1抗体或人源化的抗人PD-L1抗体。
- 权利要求23至25中任一项所述的用途,其中所述抗PD-L1抗体包含(i)如SEQ ID NO:57所示的重链可变区的3个互补决定区HCDR,和/或(ii)如SEQ ID NO:58所示的轻链可变区的3个互补决定区LCDR。
- 权利要求23至25中任一项所述的用途,其中所述抗PD-L1抗体重链可变区(VH)和/或轻链可变区(VL),其中(i)所述VH包含互补决定区域(CDR)HCDR1、HCDR2和HCDR3,其中HCDR1包含SEQ ID NO:51的氨基酸序列,或由所述氨基酸序列组成;HCDR2包含选自SEQ ID NO:52的氨基酸序列,或由所述氨基酸序列组成;HCDR3包含SEQ ID NO:53的氨基酸序列或由所述氨基酸序列组成;和/或(ii)其中所述VL包含互补决定区域(CDR)LCDR1、LCDR2和LCDR3,其中LCDR1包含SEQ ID NO:54的氨基酸序列或由所述氨基酸序列组成;LCDR2包含SEQ ID NO:55的氨基酸序列或由所述氨基酸序列组成;LCDR3包含选自SEQ ID NO:56的氨基酸序列或由所述氨基酸序列组成。
- 检测样品中LAG-3的方法,所述方法包括(a)将样品与权利要求1至12中任一项的任何抗LAG-3抗体或其抗原结合片段接触;和(b)检测抗LAG-3抗体或其抗原结合片段和LAG-3间的复合物的形成;任选地,抗LAG-3抗体是被可检测地标记的。
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