JP6673912B2 - 付加製造プロセスにより製作される研磨パッド - Google Patents
付加製造プロセスにより製作される研磨パッド Download PDFInfo
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- JP6673912B2 JP6673912B2 JP2017520508A JP2017520508A JP6673912B2 JP 6673912 B2 JP6673912 B2 JP 6673912B2 JP 2017520508 A JP2017520508 A JP 2017520508A JP 2017520508 A JP2017520508 A JP 2017520508A JP 6673912 B2 JP6673912 B2 JP 6673912B2
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/11—Lapping tools
- B24B37/20—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces
- B24B37/26—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces characterised by the shape of the lapping pad surface, e.g. grooved
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/11—Lapping tools
- B24B37/20—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces
- B24B37/205—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces provided with a window for inspecting the surface of the work being lapped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/11—Lapping tools
- B24B37/20—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces
- B24B37/22—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces characterised by a multi-layered structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/11—Lapping tools
- B24B37/20—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces
- B24B37/24—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces characterised by the composition or properties of the pad materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0018—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for by electrolytic deposition
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0045—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for by stacking sheets of abrasive material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/14—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
- B24D3/18—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings for porous or cellular structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
- B24D3/22—Rubbers synthetic or natural
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/112—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Description
図1Aは、多数の研磨ステーション100を含むより大きな化学機械研磨(CMP)システム内部に位置付けられ得る研磨ステーション100の概略断面図である。研磨ステーション100は、プラテン102を含む。プラテン102は、中心軸104周囲を回転し得る。研磨パッド106は、プラテン102に載置され得る。典型的には、研磨パッド106は、研磨ステーション100で処理されるべき基板110のサイズ(例えば、基板直径)より少なくとも1〜2倍大きいプラテン102の上面を覆っている。1つの例では、研磨パッド106及びプラテン102は、直径約6インチ(150mm)から約40インチ(1016mm)までである。研磨パッド106は、一又は複数の基板110と接触し基板110を処理するように構成された研磨面112と、プラテン102の表面上に位置付けられる支持表面103を含む。プラテン102は、研磨パッド106を支持し、研磨中に研磨パッド106を回転させる。キャリアヘッド108は、研磨パッド106の研磨面112に対して基板110を保持する。キャリアヘッド108は、典型的には、研磨パッド106に対して基板110を付勢するために使用されるフレキシブルダイアフラム111と、研磨プロセス中に基板の表面全域に見られる本質的に不均一な圧力分布を補正するために使用されるキャリアリング109を含む。キャリアヘッド108は、中心軸114周囲を回転し及び/又は弧を描く動きで移動し得、基板110と研磨パッド106との間に相対運動を生成する。
本開示の実施形態は、概して、付加製造プロセスの使用により形成することができる高度な研磨パッド200を提供する。高度な研磨パッドは、少なくとも2つの異なる材料組成から形成される別個の特徴又は領域を典型的には含むパッド本体を有している。図1F及び図1Gは、研磨ステーション100に位置付けられている研磨ヘッド108の一部と高度な研磨パッド200のパッド本体202との概略断面図である。概して、研磨プロセス中に加えられる荷重が、2以上の材料組成を含む研磨本体202の領域を通って分散されるように構成される高度な研磨パッド200を形成し、高度なパッドの機械的、構造的、及び/又は動的特性を改善することが望ましい。1つの実施形態では、パッド本体202は、第1の貯蔵弾性率E’の材料(例えば、高い貯蔵弾性率E’の材料)から形成される少なくとも第1の研磨要素204、及び第2の貯蔵弾性率E’の材料(例えば、中間の又は低い貯蔵弾性率E’の材料)から形成され得る第2の研磨要素206を含み得る。1つの構成では、支持面203からの第1の研磨要素204の高さ150は、第1の研磨要素204の上面208が第2の研磨要素206の上に突出するように、第2の研磨要素206の高さ151より高い。1つの例では、図1Gに示されるように、研磨要素の各々の材料の組み合わせである所望の機械的特性及び動的特性を有する高度な研磨パッドを形成するために、力F2は、フレキシブルダイアフラム111により、第1の研磨要素204を通って、図1Aに示されるプラテン102などの支持部材によって支持される第2の研磨要素206に供給される。より高い貯蔵弾性率型の研磨特徴を低い貯蔵弾性率型の支持特徴から分離することによって、高度な研磨パッドが改善されたグローバルな平坦性の利点を供給する一方で、より高い貯蔵弾性率の上部パッドによって提供される改善されたダイ及びアレイレベルの平坦性の利点が維持される。
図2Aは、本開示の1つの実施形態による高度な研磨パッド200aの概略斜視側面図である。一又は複数の第1の研磨要素204aは、円形のパッド本体202を形成するために、一又は複数の第2の研磨要素206aに連結される交互の同心リングで形成されてもよい。1つの実施形態では、支持面203からの第1の研磨要素204aの高さ210は、第1の研磨要素204aの上面208が第2の研磨要素206aの上に突出するように、第2の研磨要素206aの高さ212より高い。1つの実施形態では、第1の研磨要素204は、第2研磨要素206aの一部分212Aの上に配置される。溝218又はチャネルは、第1の研磨要素204aの間に形成され、少なくとも第2の研磨要素206aの一部を含む。研磨中に、第1の研磨要素204aの上面208が基板に接触する研磨面を形成する一方で、溝218は、研磨流体を保持し流れを方向付ける。1つの実施形態では、第1の研磨要素204aは、チャネル又は溝218がパッド本体202の上面に形成されるように、パッド本体202の研磨面又は上面208に平行な平面に垂直な方向に(即ち、図2AのZ方向に)第2の研磨要素206aよりも厚くなる。
図3Aは、本開示の一又は複数の実施形態による付加製造プロセスを使用した高度な研磨パッドを形成するために使用することができる付加製造システム350の概略断面図である。付加製造プロセスは、ポリジェット堆積プロセス、インクジェット印刷プロセス、熱溶解積層法プロセス、結合剤噴射プロセス、粉末床溶融結合プロセス、選択的レーザ焼結プロセス、ステレオリソグラフィプロセス、液槽光重合デジタル光処理、シート積層プロセス、指向性エネルギー堆積プロセス、又は他の類似の3D堆積プロセスを含み得るが、これらに限定されない。
ここで、AC=C及びAC=oは、FT−IR分光法を用いて見いだされた910cm−1でのC=Cピーク及び1700cm−1でのC=Oピークの値である。重合中、アクリレート中のC=C結合はC−C結合に変換されるが、アクリレート中のC=Oは変換されない。よって、C=CからC=Oの強度は、アクリレート転化率を示す。AC=C/AC=O比は、硬化した液滴内のC=C対C=O結合の相対比を指し、従って(AC=C/AC=O)0は、液滴中のAC=C対AC=Oの初期比を示し、(AC=C/AC=O)xは、液滴が硬化した後の基板の表面上のAC=C対AC=Oの比を示す。幾つかの実施形態では、層が最初に硬化される量は、分配された液滴の約70%以上であり得る。幾つかの構成では、分配された液滴の硬化エネルギーへの約70%から約80%のレベルまでの最初の露出中に分配された液滴の材料を部分的に硬化させることが所望であり得、よって分配された液滴のターゲット接触角が実現され得る。上面の未硬化又は部分的アクリレート材料は、その後の液滴と共重合し、したがって層間に凝集が生じると考えられる。
いくつかの実施形態では、高度な研磨パッド200の構築は、研磨パッド設計のCADモデルを作成することにより開始する。これは、Unigraphicsや他の類似のソフトウェアなど、既存のCAD設計ソフトウェアを使用して行うことができる。モデリングソフトウェアによって生成される出力ファイルは、高度な研磨パッド設計が設計要件(例えば、水密、質量密度)を確実に満たすように分析プログラムに読み込まれる。次に出力ファイルがレンダリングされ、3Dモデルは、一連の2Dデータビットマップ又はピクセルチャートに「スライス」される。上述のように、2Dビットマップ又はピクセルチャートは、高度な研磨パッド内の層が構築されることになるX−Y平面にわたる位置を定義するために使用される。幾つかの付加製造プロセス用途では、これらの位置は、レーザがパルスする場所を定義し、他の用途ではノズルが材料の液滴を吐出する場所を定義することになろう。
上述のように、パッド本体202の部分を形成するために使用される材料、例えば、第1の研磨要素204及び第2の研磨要素206などは、それぞれ、官能性ポリマー、官能性オリゴマー、反応性希釈剤、及び硬化剤の混合物であり得る少なくとも1つのインクジェット可能なプレポリマー組成物から形成され得、高度な研磨パッドの所望の特性が実現される。一般に、プレポリマーインク又は組成物は、硬化剤又は化学開始剤の有無に関わらず、放射エネルギー又は熱エネルギーによる露光又は接触を含む任意の数の手段の使用によって堆積された後に処理されてもよい。一般に、堆積された材料は、紫外線放射(UV)、ガンマ線放射、X線放射、可視放射、IR線、及びマイクロ波放射を含み得る電磁放射に曝すことができ、また加速した電子ビーム及びイオンビームは、重合反応を開始するために使用されてもよい。この開示の目的のために、硬化方法、又は硬化剤若しくは酸素阻害剤を介するなどした、増感剤、開始剤、及び/又は硬化剤のなど、重合を支援するための添加物の使用は、制限されない。
25℃でのF−Gのそれぞれの粘度は、それぞれ9.5cP、2.5cP及び2.7cPである。反応性希釈剤はまた、多官能性であってもよく、したがって架橋反応又はポリマーネットワークを生成する他の化学反応を受けることがある。1つの実施形態では、グリシジルメタクリレート(H)は、反応性希釈剤として作用し、混合物の粘度が約15cPになるように二官能性脂肪族ウレタンアクリレートと混合される。近似希釈係数は、約2:1から約10:1、例えば約5:1であり得る。この混合物に、ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレートのようなアミンアクリレートが、配合物の約10重量%となるように加えられ得る。混合物を約25℃から約75℃に加熱すると、アミンとエポキシドとの反応、及びアクリル化アミンとアクリル化エポキシドの付加物の形成が起こる。その後、Irgacure(登録商標)651などの適切なフリーラジカル光開始剤が2重量%の配合物で加えられ、20ミクロンの厚さの層が基材上に形成されるように、混合物が適切な3Dプリンタにより分配される。次に、層は、薄いポリマーフィルムを生成するために、約10mJ/cm2から約50mJ/cm2の強度で走査UVダイオードレーザを用いて、約0.1μsから約10秒(ms)、例えば、約15秒などの間、液滴又は層を約200nmから約400nmのUV光に曝すことによって、硬化され得る。3D印刷された研磨パッド組成物に有用であり得る反応性希釈剤化合物は、米国ミズーリ州セントルイスのSigma−Aldrich、米国ペンシルベニア州エクストンのSartomer USA、米国コネティカット州トーリントンのDymax Corporation、及び米国ジョージア州アルファレッタのAllnex Corporationを含む様々な供給源から入手可能である。
少なくとも第1の研磨要素204及び第2の研磨要素206を含むパッド本体202を有する高度な研磨パッド200を形成することの利点は、単一の材料組成から形成されるパッド本体には見られない、機械的、構造的及び動的特性を有する構造を形成する能力である。幾つかの実施形態では、第1の研磨要素204が第2の研磨要素206の一部分(例えば、図2Aの部分212A)上に配置され、その一部分によって支持されている少なくとも1つの領域を含む研磨体202を形成することが望ましい。この構成では、2つの材料の特性と構造的構成の組み合わせが、従来の研磨パッド設計よりも望ましい機械的、構造的及び動的特性、並びに改善された研磨性能を有する高度な研磨パッドを形成するために使用できる。
表2
上述のように、幾つかの実施形態では、第1の研磨要素204及び第2の研磨要素206のような2以上の研磨要素のうちの少なくとも1つを形成するために使用される材料の一又は複数は、少なくとも1つの硬化性樹脂前駆体組成物の連続的堆積及び堆積後処理によって形成される。一般に、付加製造システム350の前駆体供給セクション353で行われる前駆体配合プロセス中に混合される硬化性樹脂前駆体組成物は、開始剤などの、官能性オリゴマー、反応性希釈剤及び硬化成分を含む樹脂前駆体組成物の配合物を含むだろう。これらの成分の幾つかの例が表3に列挙される。
表3
官能性オリゴマーの例は、表3の項目O1−O5に見ることができる。官能性反応性希釈剤及び他の添加物の例は、表3の項目M1−M6に見ることができる。硬化成分の例は、表3の項目P1−P2及びA1に見られる。表3に見られる項目O1−O3、M1−M3及びM5−M6は、Sartomer USAから入手可能であり、項目O4は、韓国のMiwon Specialty Chemicals Corporationから入手可能であり、項目O5は、米国ジョージア州アルファレッタのAllenex Corporationから入手可能であり、項目M4は、ドイツのBYK−Gardner GmbHから入手可能であり、項目P1−P2及びA1は、Chiba Specialty Chemicals Inc.及びRAHN USA Corporationから入手可能である。
付加製造プロセスの使用による高度な研磨パッドの望ましい領域における望ましい貯蔵弾性率E’及びE’30:E’90の比を有する材料の選択、配合及び/又は形成は、高度な研磨パッドによって実現される研磨結果が基板全域で均一であることを保証する際に重要な要因である。貯蔵弾性率E’は、形成された材料の固有の材料特性であり、硬化したポリマー材料内での化学結合により生じることに留意されたい。貯蔵弾性率は、動的機械分析(DMA)技術を用いて30℃及び90℃などの所望の温度で測定され得る。異なる貯蔵弾性率を含む配合物の例が以下の表4に示される。
表4
表面に堆積される、図3Cに関連した上述の液滴の接触角を調節するために使用できる異なる配合物の例が、以下の表6に示される。上記のように、少なくとも:1)付加製造プロセス中に分配された液滴中の成分の組成、2)前に形成された層の硬化量、3)硬化デバイスからのエネルギー量、4)分配される液滴が配置される表面の組成物、及び5)液滴組成物の硬化剤(例えば、光開始剤)の量を制御することによって、分配される液滴の接触角αは、本明細書に記載の付加製造プロセスによって形成される特徴の解像度制御を改善するために制御することができる。
表6
高度な研磨パッドの様々な領域における所望の低貯蔵弾性率E’及び所望のE’30:E’90比を有する材料の選択、配合及び/又は形成は、高度な研磨パッドの静的及び動的関連機械的特性が、より高い貯蔵弾性率E’の材料と組み合わせる場合に、所望の研磨結果を実現するために確実に調節できるようにする際に重要な要因であり得る。異なる貯蔵弾性率E’を含む配合物の例が以下の表7に示される。
表7
上述のように、本明細書に記載の付加製造プロセスは、高度な研磨パッドの特定のパッド領域に所望の特性を有する材料組成の特定配置を可能にし、堆積組成物の特性を組み合わせて、個々の材料の特性の平均、又は特性の「複合物」である特性を有する研磨パッドを形成することができる。1つの例では、高度な研磨パッドは、所望の温度範囲にわたって望ましい平均損失係数(tanδ)特性を有するように形成され得る。図9Aの曲線921−923、曲線931−933及び曲線941は、異なるように構成された及び/又は積載された高度な研磨パッドの温度の関数として平均tanδ特性を示す。
図6は、本発明の1つの実施形態による研磨パッド600の概略斜視断面図である。研磨パッド600は、3D印刷された研磨パッドの第2の研磨要素206と類似する軟質の又は低貯蔵弾性率E’の材料である第2の研磨要素602を含む。第2の研磨要素206と類似して、第2の研磨要素602は、ポリウレタンセグメント及び脂肪族セグメントを含み得る一又は複数のエラストマポリマー組成物から形成され得る。研磨パッド600は、第2の研磨要素602から延びる複数の表面特徴606を含む。表面特徴606の外面608は、軟質の若しくは低いE’材料又は軟質の若しくは低い貯蔵弾性率E’の材料組成から形成され得る。1つの実施形態では、表面特徴606の外面608は、第2の研磨要素602と同一の材料又は同一の材料組成から形成され得る。表面特徴606はまた、内部に埋め込まれた硬質の特徴604を含み得る。硬質の又は高い貯蔵弾性率E’の特徴604は、表面特徴606より硬い材料又は材料組成から形成され得る。硬質の又は高い貯蔵弾性率E’の特徴604は、架橋結合されたポリマー組成物及び芳香族基を含む組成物を含む、高度な研磨パッドの硬質の又は高い貯蔵弾性率E’の特徴204の一又は複数の材料に類似した材料から形成され得る。埋め込まれた硬質の特徴604は、表面特徴606の有効な硬度を変更し、したがって、研磨について所望のターゲットパッド硬度を提供する。外面608の軟質の又は低い貯蔵弾性率E’のポリマー層は、欠陥を低減し、研磨されている基板上の平坦化を改善するために使用することができる。代替的には、軟質の又は低い貯蔵弾性率E’のポリマー材料が本開示の他の研磨パッドの表面に印刷され得、同一の利益が提供される。
Claims (16)
- 研磨パッドを形成する方法であって、
第1の材料と第2の材料の混合物を含む前記研磨パッドを形成することを含み、前記研磨パッドを形成することは、
所定の第1の堆積パターンにしたがって、表面全体に第1の材料前駆体の複数の液滴を配置することと、
所定の第2の堆積パターンにしたがって、前記表面全体に第2の材料前駆体の複数の液滴を配置することと、
電磁放射に露出することによって前記第1の材料前駆体と前記第2の材料前駆体の配置された液滴を部分的に硬化して、部分的に硬化されたポリマー層を形成すること
を順に繰り返すことを含み、
前記第2の材料前駆体の組成物は、前記第1の材料前駆体の組成物と異なり、
前記第1の材料前駆体と前記第2の材料前駆体はそれぞれ、一又は複数の樹脂成分と硬化剤とを含み、
前記第1の材料前駆体の少なくともいくつかの液滴と、前記第2の材料前駆体の少なくともいくつかの液滴は、間で部分的に混合可能なように互いに対して配置される、方法。 - 前記第1の材料前駆体の前記一又は複数の樹脂成分の少なくとも一つが第1のオリゴマーを含み、前記第2の材料前駆体の前記一又は複数の樹脂成分の少なくとも一つが第2のオリゴマーを含み、前記第1のオリゴマーと前記第2のオリゴマーがそれぞれ、多官能性ウレタンオリゴマー、ポリエステルアクリレートオリゴマー、ポリエーテルアクリレートオリゴマー、エポキシアクリレートオリゴマー、及びそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の材料前駆体の前記一又は複数の樹脂成分の少なくとも一つが、一官能性アクリレートモノマー、多官能性アクリレートモノマー、及びそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択されたモノマーである、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の材料前駆体の前記硬化剤が、ベンゾインエーテル、ベンジルケタール、アセチルフェノン、アルキルフェノン、ホスフィンオキシド、ベンゾフェノン化合物、チオキサントン化合物、及びそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択された光開始剤を含み、
前記第2の材料前駆体の前記硬化剤が、ベンゾインエーテル、ベンジルケタール、アセチルフェノン、アルキルフェノン、ホスフィンオキシド、ベンゾフェノン化合物、チオキサントン化合物、及びそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択された光開始剤を含む、請求項3に記載の方法。 - 前記第1の材料前駆体の配置された前記液滴のそれぞれを部分的に硬化した結果、前記液滴は、先に形成されたアクリレートポリマー層の表面に対して50度以上の接触角を有する、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の材料前駆体と前記第2の材料前駆体の配置された前記液滴を部分的に硬化することがさらに、その下に配置された前記先に形成されたアクリレートポリマー層を硬化する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の材料前駆体の前記一又は複数の樹脂成分が、多官能性ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマーと多官能性アクリレートモノマーとを含み、
前記第2の材料前駆体の前記一又は複数の樹脂成分の少なくとも一つが、多官能性ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマーを含み、
前記第1の材料前駆体の前記硬化剤が、アミン共力剤と、ベンゾフェノン化合物及びチオキサントン化合物から成る群から選択された光開始剤を含み、
前記第2の材料前駆体の前記硬化剤が、ベンゾインエーテル、ベンジルケタール、アセチルフェノン、アルキルフェノン、及びホスフィンオキシドから成る群から選択された光開始剤を含む、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 付加製造システムを使用して前記部分的に硬化されたポリマー層を順次複数形成し、前記方法がさらに、前記付加製造システムの処理環境中の酸素濃度を、空気を排出することによって制御することを含む、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記研磨パッドに、前記第1の材料及び前記第2の材料とは異なる第3の材料で、観察窓を形成することをさらに含み、
前記第3の材料が、280nmから399nmの間の波長で35%超の透過率を有し、及び400nmから800nmの間の波長で70%超の透過率を有する、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記第3の材料が、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)、エポキシ基を含む材料、又はそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 研磨パッドを形成する方法であって、
第1の前駆体配合物の複数の液滴を第1のパターンで第1の材料組成を含む前に形成された層の表面全域に分配することであって、前記第1の前駆体配合物が、多官能性ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマーと、第1の樹脂前駆体成分と、第1の硬化剤とを含む、分配することと、
第2の前駆体配合物の複数の液滴を第2のパターンで前記前に形成された層の表面全域に分配することであって、前記第2の前駆体配合物が、多官能性ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマーと、第2の樹脂前駆体成分と、第2の硬化剤とを含む、分配することと、
前記第1の前駆体配合物の分配された前記液滴及び前記第2の前駆体配合物の分配された前記液滴を電磁放射に第1の期間露出し、前記第1の前駆体配合物の前記液滴及び前記第2の前駆体配合物の前記液滴を部分的にのみ硬化させることと
を含む、方法。 - 前記第1のパターンで分配された前記第1の前駆体配合物の前記液滴が前記研磨パッドの第1の特徴を形成するために使用され、前記第2のパターンで分配された前記第2の前駆体配合物の前記液滴が前記研磨パッドの第2の特徴を形成するために使用され、形成された前記第1の特徴が前記研磨パッドの研磨表面を成す、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の硬化剤及び前記第2の硬化剤の一方又は両方が、ベンゾインエーテル、ベンジルケタール、アセチルフェノン、アルキルフェノン、ホスフィンオキシド、ベンゾフェノン化合物、及びチオキサントン化合物から成る群から選択された光開始剤を含む、請求項11または12に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の樹脂前駆体成分が、硬化されると40℃超のガラス転移温度を有し、前記第2の樹脂前駆体成分が、硬化されると40℃より低いガラス転移温度を有する、請求項11から13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の前駆体配合物と前記第2の前駆体配合物の分配された前記液滴を電磁放射に露出することが、空気より低い酸素濃度を有する環境で実施される、請求項11から14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記研磨パッドに、実質的に透明な材料で、観察窓を形成することをさらに含み、
前記実質的に透明な材料が、形成された前記研磨パッドにおいて、280nmから399nmの間の波長で35%超の透過率を有し、及び400nmから800nmの間の波長で70%超の透過率を有する、請求項11から15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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