JP5421362B2 - 薬物送達用の乾燥粉末吸入器およびシステム - Google Patents
薬物送達用の乾燥粉末吸入器およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP5421362B2 JP5421362B2 JP2011513743A JP2011513743A JP5421362B2 JP 5421362 B2 JP5421362 B2 JP 5421362B2 JP 2011513743 A JP2011513743 A JP 2011513743A JP 2011513743 A JP2011513743 A JP 2011513743A JP 5421362 B2 JP5421362 B2 JP 5421362B2
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Description
[0001]本出願は、米国特許法第119条(e)に基づいて、2009年3月4日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/157,506号および2008年6月13日出願の同第61/061,551号の優先権の利益を主張し、これらの出願それぞれの内容全体を参照により本明細書に組み込む。
[000119]本明細書で使用するとき、用語「微小粒子」は、正確な外部または内部構造に関係なく、直径約0.5〜約1000μmの粒子を指す。しかし、10μm未満の4つの肺送達微小粒子が一般に望ましく、特に、直径約5.8μm未満の平均粒径を有するものが望ましい。
[000122]本発明のデバイスはいくつかの方法によって製造することができるが、一実施形態では、吸入器およびカートリッジは、例えば、ポリプロピレン、環状オレフィンコポリマー、ナイロン、および他の互換性をもつポリマーなどを含む様々なタイプのプラスチック材料を使用して、射出成形技術や熱成形によって作られる。特定の実施形態では、乾燥粉末吸入器は、個々の構成部品のトップダウン組立てを使用して組み立てることができる。いくつかの実施形態では、吸入器は、寸法約2.54cm(1インチ)〜約12.7cm(5インチ)などの小型サイズで提供され、一般に、幅および高さはデバイスの長さよりも短い。特定の実施形態では、吸入器は、相対的に長方形の本体、円筒形、オーバル形、筒状、正方形、長円形、および円形を含む様々な形状で提供される。
[000200]FDKPは、DKP環における置換炭素の置換基の配置に対してトランスまたはシス異性体を有するキラル分子である。米国仮特許出願第_/_号、名称「DIKETOPIPERAZINE MICROPARTICLES WITH DEFINED ISOMER CONTENTS」、本開示と同日出願に記載されているように、粒子形態のより堅牢な空気力学的性能および一貫性を、異性体含量を約45〜65%トランスに制限することによって得ることができる。異性体比は分子の合成および再結晶化において制御することができる。塩基に暴露することで、例えば保護基を末端のカルボン酸基から除去する間に、環のエピマー化が促進されてラセミ化につながる。しかし、この段階で溶媒のメタノール含量を増加させることで、トランス異性体含量の増加につながる。トランス異性体はシス異性体よりも可溶性が低く、再結晶化中の温度および溶媒組成の制御を使用して、この段階でのトランス異性体の濃縮を促進または低減することができる。
CI=100×(1−(1/HR))
[000208]実験方法にいくらかのばらつきがあるにも関わらず、一般に容認された流動性の尺度が、安息角、圧縮性指数、およびハウスナー比に関して公表されている(Carr, RL, Chem. Eng. 1965, 72:163-168)。
いくつかの乾燥粉末吸入器設計を試験して、吸入器の重要な特性であるそれらの流動抵抗を測定した。高抵抗を呈する吸入器は、低抵抗性の吸入器と同じ流量を生じさせるためにはより大きな圧力降下を必要とする。簡潔には、各吸入器およびカートリッジシステムの抵抗を測定するため、様々な流量を吸入器に適用し、結果として得られる吸入器の両端間の圧力を測定する。これらの測定は、吸入器のマウスピースに取り付けた真空ポンプを利用して圧力降下を供給し、流量調整器および圧力計を利用して流量を変化させ、結果として得られる圧力を記録することによって実現することができる。ベルヌーイの原理によれば、圧力降下の平方根を流量に対してプロットしたとき、吸入器の抵抗は曲線の線形部分の傾斜である。これらの実験では、本明細書に記載されるような乾燥粉末吸入器およびカートリッジを備える吸入システムの抵抗を、抵抗測定器を使用して投薬形態において測定した。投薬形態は、吸入器の空気路を通り、かつ吸入器内のカートリッジを通る空気経路を形成する。
アダプター(MannKind Corp.)を備えたレーザー回折装置(Helos Laser Diffraction system, Sympatec Inc.)を用いて、本明細書によって記載したようなカートリッジ吸入器システム(図15C〜15Kの吸入器に、図39A〜39Iに示されるカートリッジ170を付加)内に提供された、ミリグラム(mg)単位の様々な量のインスリンおよびフマリルジケトピペラジン粒子の製剤の粒径分布の測定を行った。デバイスを、流量計(TSI, Inc. モデル4043)、および圧縮空気源からの圧力またはフローを調節するバルブに適合させた管材料の一端に取り付ける。レーザーシステムを始動させ、レーザー光がプルームを測定できる状態になると、空気圧弁を作動させて、粉末を吸入器から放出させることができる。レーザーシステムは、予め定められた測定条件に基づいて、吸入器デバイスから出るプルームを自動的に測定する。レーザー回折システムは、装置に統合され、コンピュータプログラムによって制御されるソフトウェアによって動作させる。異なる量の粉末および異なる粉末ロットを含有するサンプルの測定を行った。測定条件は以下のとおりである。
レーザー測定終了トリガー条件:0.4%以下のレーザー強度が特定の検出器チャネル上で検出されたとき
真空源と吸入器チャンバとの間の距離は約9.525cmである。
[000240]実験は、図15C〜15Kに示される複数の吸入器のプロトタイプを、図39A〜39Iに示されるようなカートリッジ170のプロトタイプとともに使用して、本明細書によって記載される吸入システムを使用して実施した。複数のカートリッジを各吸入器とともに使用した。各カートリッジは充填前に電子はかりで秤量した。カートリッジを予め定められた質量の粉末で充填し、再び秤量し、充填されたカートリッジをそれぞれ吸入器内に配置し、粉末製剤を、すなわち、Technosphere(登録商標)Insulin(インスリンFDKP;一般的には3〜4Uインスリン/mg粉末、インスリン約10〜15重量%)の粉末バッチを空にする効率について試験した。複数の圧力降下を使用して性能の一貫性を特徴決定した。表3は、吸入器1つ当たり35回のカートリッジ放出測定を使用した、この試験の結果を示す。表3のデータでは、すべての試験は臨床等級のインスリンFDKP粉末の同じバッチを使用して実施した。結果は、2〜5kPaの範囲の関連するユーザの圧力降下が、カートリッジから粉末を非常に効率的に空にしたことを実証した。
[000242]アンダーセンカスケードインパクタを使用して、28.3LPMの流量を使用した模擬用量送達の間におけるステージプレートの粉末堆積を回収する実験を実施した。この流量によって得られた吸入システム(DPIにカートリッジを付加)の両端間の圧力降下は約6kPaであった。プレートステージ上の堆積は、フィルタおよび電子はかりを使用して重量測定で分析した。10mg、6.6mg、および3.1mgの充填質量の凝集性粉末の充填重量を、吸入システム性能に関して評価した。各衝撃試験を5つのカートリッジを用いて実施した。ステージ2−F上で回収された累積粉末質量を、5.8μm未満の空気力学的粒径にしたがって測定した。回収された粉末質量とカートリッジ充填内容量との比を判断し、それを、充填重量全体に対する吸入し得る割合(RF)の百分率として提供する。データは表4に示される。
[000244]吸入器システムの性能測定は異なるカートリッジを用いて35回繰り返した。充填体(mg)および放出時間(秒)を、使用した各吸入器カートリッジシステムについて測定した。それに加えて、粉末中の呼吸し得る割合の百分率、すなわち肺送達に適した粒子も測定した。その結果は以下の表4に示される。表中、%RF/充填は、粉末の形で肺に進むであろうサイズ(5.8μm以下)を有する粒子の百分率に等しく、CEはカートリッジ内容排出または送達された粉末を示し、RFは吸入し得る割合を示す。表4において、試験番号1〜10は、インスリンFDKP粉末の臨床等級の第2のバッチを使用して実施したが、試験番号11〜17の試験粉末は、表3において実施し示した試験と同じ粉末を使用した。
[000246]ルゴシティは、粒子の実際の比表面積と等価な球体の比表面積との比である。球体の比表面積は次式のとおりである。
[000248]乾燥粉末吸入器から排出された乾燥粉末製剤のレーザー回折は、粉末が受ける解凝集のレベルを特徴付けるのに用いられる一般的な方法論である。この方法論は、業界標準の衝撃方法論において生じるような空気力学的サイズではなく、幾何学的サイズの基準を示す。一般的には、排出された粉末の幾何学的サイズは、中央粒径によって特徴付けられる体積分布(VMGD)を含む。重要なことには、衝撃方法によって提供される空気力学的サイズと比べて、排出された粒子の幾何学的サイズはより高い分解能で識別される。より小さなサイズが好ましく、個々の粒子が気道に送達される可能性が高まる。したがって、吸入器における解凝集と最終的な性能の差を、回折を用いてより簡単に解決することができる。これらの実験では、実施例3において指定したような吸入器および基礎となる(predicate)吸入器を、実際の患者の吸気能力に類似した圧力においてレーザー回折を用いて試験して、吸入システムが粉末製剤を解凝集する有効性を判断する。具体的には、製剤は、活性インスリンが添加された成分を有する、またそれを有さない凝集性ジケトピペラジン粉末を含んでいた。これらの粉末製剤は、特有の表面積、異性体比、およびカール指数を有していた。表5では、VMGDと、試験中に容器が空になる効率が報告される。FDKP粉末は約50のカール指数を有し、TI粉末は約40のカール指数を有する。
(付記1)
薬物を保持するように構成されたエンクロージャと、
フローが前記エンクロージャに入ることを可能にする少なくとも1つの入口ポートと、
フローが前記エンクロージャから出ることを可能にする少なくとも1つの分配ポートとを備え、
圧力差に応答して、前記少なくとも1つの入口ポートが、前記少なくとも1つの入口ポートに入る前記フローの少なくとも一部分を、前記エンクロージャ内の前記少なくとも1つの分配ポートに方向付けるように構成された、吸入器用の乾燥粉末薬物カートリッジ。
(付記2)
前記エンクロージャが、互いに対して移動可能なカートリッジ頂部およびカートリッジ底部を備える、付記1に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記3)
前記カートリッジ頂部および前記カートリッジ底部が並進動作によって互いに対して移動可能である、付記2に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記4)
前記カートリッジ頂部または前記カートリッジ底部が回転動作によって互いに対して移動可能である、付記2に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記5)
前記吸入器カートリッジがポリマー材料から形成される、付記1に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記6)
前記ポリマー材料が、ポリプロピレン、環状オレフィンコポリマー、ナイロン、およびポリエチレンから成る群から選択された熱成形プラスチックである、付記5に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記7)
前記吸入器カートリッジが高密度ポリエチレンポリマーから形成される、付記5に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記8)
前記カートリッジ底部が、内部空間を画定する内表面を有するとともに、互いに隣接した底壁および側壁を備え、1つまたは複数の開口部を有する、付記2に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記9)
前記カートリッジ底部がカップ状構造を有し、リムを備えた1つの開口部を有する、付記8に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記10)
前記カートリッジ頂部および前記カートリッジ底部が、1つまたは複数の入口ポートおよび1つまたは複数の分配ポートを有するように構成可能である、付記2に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記11)
前記カートリッジ頂部および前記カートリッジ底部が、収容位置および分配または投薬位置へと構成可能である、付記2に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記12)
前記カートリッジ頂部および前記カートリッジ底部が廃棄位置を有するようにさらに構成可能である、付記11に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記13)
前記収容位置が内部空間に対する流体連通を制限し、前記分配または投薬位置が、前記容器の前記内部空間を通って前記1つまたは複数の入口ポートに入り、前記カートリッジ頂部の前記1つまたは複数の開口部を出る空気通路を形成する、付記11に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記14)
前記カートリッジ頂部の前記1つまたは複数の開口部が、剛性の導管を形成するとともに、前記吸入器カートリッジの前記1つまたは複数の分配ポートを形成する、付記10に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記15)
前記リムの一部分が前記1つまたは複数の入口ポートのうち1つに対する境界を形成する、付記9に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記16)
前記圧力差がユーザによる吸入によって発生する、付記1に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記17)
内部空間を画定するカートリッジ頂部およびカートリッジ底部を備え、
前記カートリッジ頂部が前記カートリッジ底部の上に延在する下面を有し、
前記下面が、前記カートリッジ底部を係合するように構成され、前記内部空間を封止する区域および前記内部空間を周囲空気に露出させる区域を有する、乾燥粉末吸入器用の乾燥粉末薬物カートリッジ。
(付記18)
前記カートリッジ頂部および前記カートリッジ底部が互いに対して移動可能である、付記17に記載の吸入器カートリッジ。
(付記19)
前記カートリッジ頂部または前記カートリッジ底部が並進動作によって互いに対して移動可能である、付記18に記載の吸入器カートリッジ。
(付記20)
前記吸入器カートリッジが、ポリプロピレン、環状オレフィンコポリマー、ナイロン、およびポリエチレンから成る群から選択された熱成形ポリマーから形成される、付記17に記載の吸入器カートリッジ。
(付記21)
前記吸入器カートリッジが高密度ポリエチレンポリマーから形成される、付記17に記載の吸入器カートリッジ。
(付記22)
前記容器が、前記内部空間を画定する内表面を有するとともに、互いに隣接した底壁および側壁と、1つまたは複数の開口部とを備える、付記17に記載の吸入器カートリッジ。
(付記23)
前記カートリッジ頂部の下面が、1つの区画において前記カートリッジ底部を閉止するように構成され、別の区画において前記内部空間内への空気通路を形成する、付記17に記載の吸入器カートリッジ。
(付記24)
前記カートリッジ頂部および前記容器が、1つまたは複数の入口ポートおよび1つまたは複数の分配ポートを有するように構成可能である、付記17に記載の吸入器カートリッジ。
(付記25)
前記1つまたは複数の入口ポートが、前記分配ポートの合計断面積よりも大きい合計断面積を有する、付記24に記載の吸入器カートリッジ。
(付記26)
前記1つまたは複数の分配ポートの前記断面積が0.05cm 2 から約0.25cm 2
の範囲である、付記24に記載の吸入器カートリッジ。
(付記27)
前記カートリッジ頂部および前記カートリッジ底部が、収容位置および分配または投薬位置へと構成可能である、付記17に記載の吸入器カートリッジ。
(付記28)
前記カートリッジ頂部および前記カートリッジ底部が廃棄位置へとさらに構成可能である、付記27に記載の吸入器カートリッジ。
(付記29)
前記収容位置が内部空間に対する流体連通を制限し、前記分配または投薬位置が、前記1つまたは複数の入口ポートから前記内部空間を通る、前記カートリッジ頂部の前記1つまたは複数の開口部との空気通路を形成する、付記27に記載の吸入器カートリッジ。
(付記30)
前記カートリッジ頂部の前記1つまたは複数の開口部が、剛性の導管と、前記吸入器カートリッジの前記1つまたは複数の分配ポートとを形成する、付記17に記載の吸入器カートリッジ。
(付記31)
前記1つまたは複数の入口ポートが、前記カートリッジに入るフローの少なくとも一部を前記1つまたは複数の分配ポートへと方向付けるように構成された、付記1に記載の吸入器カートリッジ。
(付記32)
カートリッジ頂部およびカートリッジ底部を備え、
前記カートリッジ頂部が、相対的に平坦に構成されるとともに、1つまたは複数の開口部と、前記カートリッジ底部を係合するように構成された軌道(track)を有する1つまたは複数のサイドパネルとを有し、
前記カートリッジ底部が、内部空間を画定する内表面を有するとともに、前記カートリッジ頂部の前記1つまたは複数のサイドパネル上の前記軌道に移動可能に取り付けられ、前記1つまたは複数のサイドパネルの前記軌道に沿って移動することによって、収容位置および分配または投薬位置を達成するように構成可能である、乾燥粉末吸入器用の乾燥粉末薬物カートリッジ。
(付記33)
前記分配または投薬位置にある前記カートリッジ頂部および前記カートリッジ底部が、前記容器の前記チャンバとの流体連通と、そこを介して前記カートリッジ頂部の前記1つまたは複数の開口部との流体連通とを可能にする入口ポートを形成する、付記32に記載の薬物カートリッジ。
(付記34)
前記分配投薬位置では、前記チャンバが、前記カートリッジ頂部の前記1つまたは複数の開口部と流体連通し、かつ少なくとも2つの開口部において周囲空気と流体連通している、付記32に記載の薬物カートリッジ。
(付記35)
前記分配または投薬位置では、前記入口ポートが、フローの一部を前記内部空間内へと方向付けて、前記内部空間を中心にして前記フローを循環させるように構成される、付記32に記載の薬物カートリッジ。
(付記36)
前記分配または投薬位置では、前記カートリッジ頂部の前記1つまたは複数の開口部が前記カートリッジの前記分配ポートであり、流動抵抗を提供する、付記32に記載の薬物カートリッジ。
(付記37)
前記カートリッジ頂部が1つまたは複数のキーイング表面を備える、付記32に記載の薬物カートリッジ。
(付記38)
前記カートリッジ頂部が相対的に長方形の形状であって、その上面上の陥凹区域と、前記1つまたは複数の開口部を有する隆起とを備える、付記32に記載の薬物カートリッジ。
(付記39)
前記カートリッジ頂部が握り表面をさらに備える、付記32に記載の薬物カートリッジ。
(付記40)
前記カートリッジ頂部が、相対的に平坦な表面を有し、一端において前記内部空間の閉止をもたらすとともに、反対側の端部においてフロー導管を提供するように構成された下面を有する、付記32に記載の薬物カートリッジ。
(付記41)
前記投薬位置にある前記カートリッジが、ほぼ長方形であって、0.2cm超の幅と0.05cm超の高さとを備える入口ポートを有する、付記32に記載の薬物カートリッジ。
(付記42)
前記容器が、0.4cmから1.2cmの範囲の幅と0.6cmから1.2cmの範囲の高さとを有する、付記32に記載の薬物カートリッジ。
(付記43)
吸入器とともに前記分配位置で使用する際、前記入口アパーチャに入るフローの一部分が前記内部空間内で循環して粉末薬物を舞い上げるとともに混入し、前記フローの一部分が前記分配アパーチャを通して出る、付記33に記載の薬物カートリッジ。
(付記44)
前記容器が約20mg以下の粉末組成物を保持する、付記32に記載の薬物カートリッジ。
(付記45)
より大きい粉末凝集体の放出を排除するために3mm未満の最小寸法を有するように構成された、1つまたは複数の出口ポートを有するエンクロージャを備える、吸入器用の乾燥粉末薬物カートリッジ。
(付記46)
前記粉末組成物が活性成分を含む、付記44に記載の薬物カートリッジ。
(付記47)
前記活性成分が、ペプチド、ポリペプチド、またはタンパク質である、付記46に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記48)
前記活性成分がインスリンである、付記47に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記49)
前記粉末組成物がジケトピペラジンを含む、付記44に記載の薬物カートリッジ。
(付記50)
前記ジケトピペラジンが2,5−ジケト−3,6−ジフマリル−(アミノブチル)ピペラジンである、付記49に記載の薬物カートリッジ。
(付記51)
前記インスリンが粉末1mg当たり9単位以下のインスリンを含む、付記48に記載の薬物カートリッジ。
(付記52)
前記粉末組成物を識別するため、カートリッジが1つもしくは複数の色または印を備える、付記44に記載の薬物カートリッジ。
(付記53)
1つまたは複数の分配アパーチャ、および下向きに延在し、軌道をそれぞれ有する2つのサイドパネルを有する、矢状の構造のほぼ平坦なカートリッジ頂部と、
前記カートリッジ頂部の前記サイドパネルの前記軌道に移動可能に係合されるカートリッジ底部であって、2つの相対的に平坦で平行な側部および相対的に丸い底部を備えた相対的にカップ状の形状を有して構成されるとともに、内表面が、内部空間に入るフローの転動を促進する内部空間を画定するチャンバを備える、カートリッジ底部とを備え、
前記容器が、前記カートリッジ頂部とともに収容位置および投薬位置を達成するように構成可能である、吸入器用の乾燥粉末薬物カートリッジ。
(付記54)
前記カートリッジが乾燥粉末薬物をさらに備え、前記投薬位置で乾燥粉末吸入器とともに使用する際、気流が入口アパーチャに入って、前記薬物と混合して前記薬物を流動化するのを促進する、付記53に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記55)
流動化した薬物が前記1つまたは複数の分配アパーチャを通して計量されるように、前記流動化した薬物が前記エンクロージャ内で移動する、付記54に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記56)
前記内部空間に入る前記フローが非渦状であり、回転中心を規定する軸線が前記1つまたは複数の分配アパーチャを出るフローにほぼ垂直である、付記53に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記57)
前記内部空間内の前記非渦状の気流が前記薬物を解凝集するように作用する、付記56に記載のカートリッジ。
(付記58)
可動部材と、
マウスピースとを備え、
前記可動部材が、容器を粉末収容位置から投薬位置へと移動させるように動作可能に構成され、前記容器が、入口として構成された少なくとも1つの開口部および出口として構成された少なくとも1つの開口部を有する、乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記59)
前記マウスピースが前記可動部材を係合するように構成される、付記58に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記60)
ハウジングをさらに備える、付記58に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記61)
ハウジングと、
可動部材と、
前記ハウジングに係合可能に取り付けられたマウスピースとを備え、
前記マウスピースが、前記可動部材を係合するとともに、容器を粉末収容位置から投薬位置へと移動させるように動作可能に構成される、乾燥吸入器。
(付記62)
前記マウスピースが移動可能であり、前記マウスピースの移動によって前記可動部材の移動が作動する、付記58に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記63)
前記マウスピースが回転によって前記可動部材を作動させる、付記58に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記64)
前記マウスピースが並進によって前記可動部材を作動させる、付記58に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記65)
前記乾燥粉末吸入器が開放または容器装填位置と閉止または投薬位置とを達成するように構成される、付記58に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記66)
前記マウスピースが、開放位置と閉止位置との間を移動する間、または前記閉止位置から前記開放位置へと移動する間に前記可動部材を作動させる、付記65に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記67)
前記吸入器が剛性のフロー導管を有するようにさらに構成される、付記58に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記68)
前記可動部材がヒンジメカニズムによって前記マウスピースに取り付けられる、付記58に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記69)
前記ヒンジメカニズムが歯車またはラックアンドピニオンメカニズムを含む、付記68に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記70)
前記可動部材が、スレッド、スライドトレイ、またはキャリッジである、付記58に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記71)
前記可動部材がカムを含む、付記58に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記72)
前記吸入器が近位端および遠位端を有し、前記ハウジング、前記マウスピース、および前記可動部材が前記吸入器の前記遠位端に取り付けられ、前記マウスピースが前記ハウジング上で枢動して、開放もしくは装填位置または閉止もしくは投薬位置を達成する、付記60に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記73)
前記可動部材が前記ハウジング内またはその外部に構成される、付記60に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記74)
前記吸入器が前記吸入器のハウジング内に装備された歯車メカニズムを備える、付記60に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記75)
前記歯車メカニズムが前記可動部材とともに構成される、付記69に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記76)
前記乾燥粉末吸入器が呼吸駆動式である、付記58に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記77)
前記マウスピースのカバーをさらに備える、付記58に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記78)
前記マウスピースが、第1の入口ポートと、第2の入口ポートと、出口ポートとを有し、前記ハウジングの上の上位位置にあるように構成される、付記60に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記79)
前記マウスピースが、前記第1の入口ポートから前記出口ポートまで延在する0.2cm 3 超の内部空間をさらに有する、付記78に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記80)
前記ハウジングが容器の装備区域を備える、付記60に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記81)
前記装備区域が容器を受け入れ保持するように構成され、前記容器が、前記カートリッジを装着するための適正な向きを提供するキーイング表面を有するカートリッジを備える、付記80に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記82)
前記装備区域が、前記装備区域上へのカートリッジの装備方向およびカートリッジ構成に対応している、傾斜付き縁部およびキーイング構成を有する、付記80に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記83)
前記ハウジングが、その内部コンパートメント内に周囲空気が入るのを可能にする1つまたは複数の開口部を有する、付記60に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記84)
前記ハウジングが、ほぼ長方形の形状であって、エンクロージャを形成する上面、側壁、および底壁を有し、前記ハウジングの前記上面から上向きの方向に突出する1つまたは複数のフランジを備える、付記60に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記85)
前記ハウジングが周囲空気と連通する1つまたは複数の開口部を有する、付記84に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記86)
前記ハウジングが、ほぼ長方形、オーバル形、円形、または正方形の形状を有する、付記60に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記87)
前記ハウジングが前記吸入器の取り扱いを可能にする1つまたは複数の握り表面を備える、付記60に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記88)
前記可動部材が前記マウスピースと前記ハウジングとの間に位置付けられる、付記60に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記89)
容器を受け入れるように構成された容器装備区域と、少なくとも2つの入口アパーチャおよび少なくとも1つの出口アパーチャを有するマウスピースとを備え、
前記少なくとも2つの入口アパーチャのうち1つの入口アパーチャが前記容器区域と流体連通し、前記少なくとも2つの入口アパーチャのうち1つが、前記容器区域を迂回するように構成された流路を介して前記少なくとも1つの出口アパーチャと流体連通している、吸入器。
(付記90)
前記マウスピースに移動可能に取り付けられた容器をさらに備える、付記89に記載の吸入器。
(付記91)
前記容器および前記マウスピースが、前記少なくとも2つの入口アパーチャのうち1つを通るフロー導管を形成することができる、付記90に記載の吸入器。
(付記92)
前記容器が、前記吸入器の前記容器装備区域に取り付けられたとき、1つまたは複数の位置の間で移動可能であり、
前記位置が、収容位置、投薬位置、および廃棄位置から成る群から選択される、付記91に記載の吸入器。
(付記93)
前記少なくとも2つの入口アパーチャと前記少なくとも1つの出口アパーチャとの間に剛性のフロー導管をさらに備える、付記90に記載の吸入器。
(付記94)
前記吸入器が単位用量吸入器である、付記89に記載の吸入器。
(付記95)
前記吸入器が、使用のために前記吸入器を取り扱うために構成された1つまたは複数の握り表面をさらに備える、付記89に記載の吸入器。
(付記96)
前記容器が頂部または蓋をさらに備える、付記90に記載の吸入器。
(付記97)
収容位置、投薬位置、および廃棄位置から成る群から選択された1つまたは複数の位置へと容器を再構成することができる可動部材をさらに備える、付記89に記載の吸入器。
(付記98)
前記容器が並進または回転によって移動可能である、付記89に記載の吸入器。
(付記99)
前記少なくとも1つの出口アパーチャが前記容器区域の上方に位置付けられる、付記89に記載の吸入器。
(付記100)
マウスピースと、
スレッドまたはスライドトレイと、
ハウジングと、
ヒンジと、
前記スレッドまたはスライドトレイの移動を達成するように構成された歯車メカニズムとを備え、
前記マウスピースおよび前記ハウジングが前記ヒンジによって移動可能に取り付けられる、乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記101)
前記吸入器が単位用量吸入器である、付記100に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記102)
前記ハウジングが容器を装填するための装備区域を備える、付記100に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記103)
前記吸入器が1つまたは複数の握り表面を有するほぼ長方形の本体を備える、付記100に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記104)
前記マウスピースが、前記容器装備区域と流体連通している第1の入口ポートと、周囲空気と流体連通している第2の入口ポートと、出口ポートとを有するフロー導管を備える、付記100に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記105)
前記マウスピースが、前記ハウジングを係合するように構成されるとともに、前記ハウジングを部分的に覆う、付記100に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記106)
前記マウスピースの移動によって前記スレッドまたはスライドトレイの移動が作動する、付記100に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記107)
前記ハウジングが、遠位端、近位端、天面、底面、および側面を有し、前記天面内にカートリッジ装備区域を備える、付記100に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記108)
前記カートリッジ装備区域が少なくとも1つのキーイング表面を有する、付記104に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記109)
前記スレッドまたはスライドトレイが前記ハウジング内に位置付けられる、付記100に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記110)
前記ハウジングが、前記天面の前記遠位端に1つまたは複数の開口部および1つまたは複数のフランジを有する、付記100に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記111)
前記マウスピース上にカバーをさらに備える、付記100に記載の乾燥粉末吸入器。
(付記112)
毎分0.065から約0.200(√kPa)/リットルの範囲の投薬形態における総流動抵抗を有する、少なくとも2つの入口アパーチャを有するように構成された乾燥粉末吸入器を備える、乾燥粉末薬物を気道に送達するための吸入システム。
(付記113)
吸入のために前記乾燥粉末薬物を収容するエンクロージャをさらに備える、付記112に記載の吸入システム。
(付記114)
前記エンクロージャがカートリッジを備える、付記113に記載の吸入システム。
(付記115)
前記カートリッジがカートリッジ頂部およびカートリッジ底部を備え、前記カートリッジ頂部および前記容器が、収容位置および投薬または分配位置を達成するように構成可能である、付記114に記載の吸入システム。
(付記116)
前記乾燥粉末吸入器がマウスピースおよび可動部材を備える、付記112に記載の吸入システム。
(付記117)
ハウジングをさらに備える、付記116に記載の吸入システム。
(付記118)
前記可動部材が、スレッド、スライドトレイ、またはキャリッジを備える、付記116に記載の吸入システム。
(付記119)
前記マウスピースが、周囲空気と流体連通している第1の入口ポートと、前記カートリッジと流体連通している第2の入口ポートと、出口ポートとを有するフロー導管を備える、付記116に記載の吸入システム。
(付記120)
前記エンクロージャが、前記乾燥粉末薬物を収容するように構成されるとともに、フローが前記エンクロージャに入ることを可能にする少なくとも1つの入口ポートと、フローが前記エンクロージャから出ることを可能にする少なくとも1つの分配ポートとを有する内部空間を有し、
圧力差に応答して、前記少なくとも1つの入口ポートが、前記少なくとも1つの入口ポートに入る前記フローの少なくとも一部分を、前記エンクロージャ内の前記少なくとも1つの分配ポートに方向付けるように構成された、付記113に記載の吸入システム。
(付記121)
0.5kPaから7kPaの範囲の圧力差にわたって総流動抵抗が相対的に一定である、付記112に記載の吸入システム。
(付記122)
容器を受け入れるように構成された容器装備区域と、少なくとも2つの入口アパーチャおよび少なくとも1つの出口アパーチャを有するマウスピースとを備える吸入器を備え、前記少なくとも2つの入口アパーチャのうち1つの入口アパーチャが前記容器区域と流体連通し、前記少なくとも2つの入口アパーチャのうち1つが、前記容器区域を迂回するように構成された流路を介して前記少なくとも1つの出口アパーチャと流体連通しており、前記容器区域を迂回するように構成された前記フロー導管が、吸入中に前記吸入器を通るフロー全体の30%から90%を送達する、乾燥粉末薬物を患者に送達するための吸入システム。
(付記123)
前記容器区域に装備された乾燥粉末薬物を含む容器をさらに備える、付記122に記載の吸入システム。
(付記124)
前記吸入器に入る前記フローの10%から70%が前記流路と融合する前に前記容器を通過する、付記123に記載の吸入システム。
(付記125)
容器領域および容器を備える乾燥粉末吸入器を備え、
組み合わされた前記乾燥粉末吸入器および前記容器が、投薬形態にある剛性のフロー導管と、使用の際に吸入システムの粉末解凝集メカニズムをもたらす複数の構造領域とを有するように構成され、
前記複数の解凝集メカニズムの少なくとも1つが、3mm未満の最小寸法を有する前記容器の領域内の凝集物サイズ排除アパーチャである、乾燥粉末薬物を患者に送達するための吸入システム。
(付記126)
マウスピースおよび容器を備える乾燥粉末吸入器を備え、
組み合わされた前記乾燥粉末吸入器および前記容器が、投薬形態にある剛性のフロー導管と、使用の際に吸入システムの粉末解凝集メカニズムをもたらす複数の構造領域とを有するように構成され、
前記複数の解凝集メカニズムの少なくとも1つが、フローを前記容器と流体連通している出口アパーチャへと方向付ける前記マウスピース内に構成された空気路である、乾燥粉末薬物を患者に送達するための吸入システム。
(付記127)
前記容器が、前記容器に入るフローを導いて、粉末薬物が前記容器を出る前にそれを舞い上げ循環させるように構成された、カップ状構造である解凝集メカニズムの1つをさらに備える、付記125または126に記載の吸入システム。
(付記128)
前記カップ状構造が、フローの停滞を防ぐように構成された1つまたは複数の半径を有する、付記127に記載の吸入システム。
(付記129)
内部空間を有する容器内の乾燥粉末薬物を乾燥粉末吸入器に提供するステップと、
前記粉末薬物が、1つまたは複数の分配アパーチャを通過してマウスピースに入るのに十分に小さい個々の粒子および粒子凝集体を含むまで、前記乾燥粉末薬物を舞い上げ、混入し、かつ循環させるようにフローを方向付けるように構成された前記容器に、フローが入ることを可能にするステップとを含む、乾燥粉末吸入システム内の粉末薬物を解凝集する方法。
(付記130)
前記1つまたは複数の分配アパーチャを出て前記マウスピースに入る前記フローに混入された、前記粉末粒子および/または粒子凝集体を加速するステップをさらに含む、付記129に記載の方法。
(付記131)
閉止位置にあり且つマウスピースを有する乾燥粉末吸入器を得るステップと、
収容形態にある乾燥粉末製剤の予め計量された用量を含むカートリッジを得るステップと、
前記カートリッジを装着するため前記乾燥粉末吸入器を開放するステップと、
投薬位置への前記カートリッジの移動を達成するため前記吸入器を閉止するステップと、
口に前記マウスピースを配置するステップと、
前記乾燥粉末製剤を送達するため前記マウスピースを介して一度吸入するステップとを含む、乾燥粉末吸入システムによって気道に送達される乾燥粉末製剤を用いた治療方法。
(付記132)
前記乾燥粉末吸入器および前記カートリッジからなるシステムが、毎分0.065から約0.200(√kPa)/リットルの範囲の総流動抵抗を有する、付記131に記載の方法。
(付記133)
乾燥粉末吸入器と、
頂部および容器を備えるカートリッジであって、前記頂部および前記容器が互いに対して移動可能であるとともに収容位置および投薬位置へと構成可能であり、前記投薬位置では、前記カートリッジおよび前記吸入器がガスを前記カートリッジに流すための剛性のフロー導管を形成し、前記剛性のフロー導管が前記マウスピース内のフロー導管にほぼ垂直である、カートリッジとを備える、吸入システム。
(付記134)
乾燥粉末吸入器と、
頂部および容器を備えるカートリッジであって、前記頂部および前記容器が互いに対して移動可能であるとともに収容位置および投薬位置へと構成可能であり、乾燥粉末薬物を収容するとともに、周囲空気が前記内部空間に流入することを可能にする少なくとも1つの空気入口ポートと、薬物を含有する気流が前記内部空間を出る、または流出することを可能にするフロー方向を有する少なくとも1つの空気出口とを有する内部空間を備える、カートリッジと、
前記カートリッジが装備され、2つのフロー経路を画定するハウジングであって、フロー経路が、空気が前記カートリッジの前記少なくとも1つの空気入口に入ることを可能にするハウジングとを備え、
前記カートリッジを出る前記薬物を計量するため、前記カートリッジ空気入口に入る気流が、前記内部空間内の前記空気出口ポートを横切って方向付けられ、
前記カートリッジ空気入口を迂回する気流が、前記カートリッジを出る気流と、前記空気出口のフロー方向にほぼ垂直に衝突するように方向付けられる、吸入システム。
(付記135)
マウスピースと、少なくとも1つの入口ポートおよび少なくとも1つの分配ポートを有し、乾燥粉末薬物を収容する容器とを備える乾燥粉末吸入器内で気流を発生させるステップであって、前記容器が前記少なくとも1つの入口ポートと前記少なくとも1つの分配ポートとの間に空気路を形成し、前記入口ポートが前記容器に入る前記気流の一部分を前記少なくとも1つの分配ポートに方向付ける、ステップと、
前記容器内の前記乾燥粉末薬物を舞い上げ混合して、気流・薬物混合物を形成するように、気流が前記容器内の粉末を循環させることを可能にするステップと、
前記少なくとも1つの分配ポートを通って前記容器を出る前記気流を加速するステップとを含む、吸入のために乾燥粉末薬物を解凝集し分散させる方法。
(付記136)
マウスピースと、ジケトピペラジン粒子を含む乾燥粉末薬物を封入する容器とを備える乾燥粉末吸入器を備え、
4kPaの圧力差で使用する際、前記マウスピースから排出される前記ジケトピペラジン粒子が、幾何学径分布分析によって測定して7μm未満の体積中央幾何学径を有する、乾燥粉末吸入システム。
(付記137)
前記ジケトピペラジン粒子が16から50のカール指数を有する、付記136に記載の乾燥粉末吸入システム。
(付記138)
前記ジケトピペラジン粒子が、FDKP異性体比が50%から60%のトランス:シスの範囲であるFDKP結晶で構成される、付記136に記載の乾燥粉末吸入システム。
(付記139)
前記ジケトピペラジン粒子が45から65cm 2 /gの範囲の比表面積を有するFDKP結晶で構成される、付記136に記載の乾燥粉末吸入システム。
(付記140)
a)薬物を含む凝集性粉末と、
b)粉末を含有するカートリッジを備える吸入器であって、前記カートリッジが内部空間を画定するとともに、少なくとも1つの入口アパーチャおよび少なくとも1つの出口アパーチャを備え、前記少なくとも1つの入口アパーチャおよび前記少なくとも1つの出口アパーチャが、前記少なくとも1つの入口アパーチャを通して前記内部空間に入るフローが前記少なくとも1つの出口アパーチャに方向付けられるようにして位置付けられる、吸入器とを備える、吸入し得る乾燥粉末を送達するためのシステム。
(付記141)
前記凝集性粉末が16から50のカール指数を有する、付記140に記載のシステム。
(付記142)
前記凝集性粉末が30°から55°の安息角を有する、付記140に記載のシステム。
(付記143)
前記凝集性粉末が、ファンネルフローの場合は97.5cm(3.2フィート)未満、またはマスフローの場合は73.2cm(2.4フィート)未満の臨界オリフィス寸法を特徴とする、付記140に記載のシステム。
(付記144)
前記凝集性粉末が、FDKP異性体の含量が50%から65%トランスの範囲であるFDKP結晶で構成される粒子を含む、付記140に記載のシステム。
(付記145)
前記凝集性粉末が、35から67m 2 /gの範囲の比表面積を有するDKP結晶を含む粒子を含む、付記140に記載のシステム。
(付記146)
前記薬物がインスリンを含む、付記140に記載のシステム。
(付記147)
前記吸入器がマウスピースを備え、前記吸入器の両端間に2kPa超の圧力降下を加えると前記マウスピースから粒子のプルームが排出され、前記排出粒子の50%が10ミクロン未満のVMGDを有する、付記140に記載のシステム。
(付記148)
前記凝集性粉末が6超のルゴシティを有する、付記140に記載のシステム。
Claims (18)
- カートリッジ頂部と、
内部空間を画定するカートリッジ底部と
を備え、
前記カートリッジ頂部または前記カートリッジ底部が、並進動作によって互いに対して移動可能であり、
前記カートリッジ頂部が前記カートリッジ底部の上に延在する下面を有し、
前記下面が、前記カートリッジ底部を係合するように構成され、前記内部空間を封止する区域と前記内部空間を周囲空気に露出させる区域とを有することを特徴とする、
吸入器用の乾燥粉末薬物カートリッジ。 - 前記カートリッジが、ポリプロピレン、環状オレフィンコポリマー、ナイロン、およびポリエチレンから成る群から選択された熱成形プラスチックから形成されている、請求項1に記載のカートリッジ。
- 前記カートリッジが高密度ポリエチレンポリマーから形成されている、請求項1に記載のカートリッジ。
- 前記カートリッジ底部が、内部空間を画定する内表面と、互いに隣接している底部および側壁と、1つまたは複数の開口部とを有する、請求項1に記載のカートリッジ。
- 前記カートリッジ頂部の前記下面が、1つの区画において前記カートリッジ底部を閉止し、別の区画において前記内部空間内への空気通路を形成するよう構成されている、請求項1に記載のカートリッジ。
- 前記カートリッジ頂部および前記カートリッジ底部が、1つまたは複数の入口ポートおよび1つまたは複数の分配ポートを有するように構成可能である、請求項1に記載のカートリッジ。
- 前記1つまたは複数の入口ポートが、前記1つまたは複数の分配ポートの総断面積よりも大きい総断面積を有する、請求項6に記載のカートリッジ。
- 前記1つまたは複数の分配ポートの前記断面積が0.05cm2から0.25cm2である、請求項6に記載のカートリッジ。
- 前記カートリッジ頂部および前記カートリッジ底部が、収容位置および分配または投薬位置へと構成可能である、請求項1に記載のカートリッジ。
- 前記カートリッジ頂部および前記カートリッジ底部がさらに廃棄位置を有するように構成可能である、請求項9に記載のカートリッジ。
- 前記収容位置が内部空間に対する流体連通を制限し、前記分配または投薬位置が、1つまたは複数の入口ポートから前記内部空間を通る、前記カートリッジ頂部の1つまたは複数の開口部との空気通路を形成する、請求項9に記載のカートリッジ。
- 前記カートリッジ頂部の1つまたは複数の開口部が、剛性の導管と、1つまたは複数の分配ポートとを形成する、請求項1に記載のカートリッジ。
- 1つまたは複数の入口ポートが、前記カートリッジに入るフローの少なくとも一部を1つまたは複数の分配ポートへと方向付けるように構成されている、請求項1に記載のカートリッジ。
- 活性成分を含む粉末組成物をさらに備える、請求項1に記載のカートリッジ。
- 前記活性成分が、ペプチド、ポリペプチド、またはタンパク質である、請求項14に記
載のカートリッジ。 - 前記活性成分がインスリンである、請求項15に記載のカートリッジ。
- 前記粉末組成物がジケトピペラジンを含む、請求項14に記載のカートリッジ。
- 前記ジケトピペラジンが下式で表される化合物である、請求項17に記載のカートリッジ。
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