JP2016000398A - 大直径合成膜小胞を製剤化する方法 - Google Patents
大直径合成膜小胞を製剤化する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016000398A JP2016000398A JP2015151504A JP2015151504A JP2016000398A JP 2016000398 A JP2016000398 A JP 2016000398A JP 2015151504 A JP2015151504 A JP 2015151504A JP 2015151504 A JP2015151504 A JP 2015151504A JP 2016000398 A JP2016000398 A JP 2016000398A
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- B01D1/16—Evaporating by spraying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
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Abstract
【解決手段】噴霧ノズル310の、流体接触チャンバー3125は、内側流体コンジット3165の底部から円筒状チップ3145まで、円錐状にテーパーが付けられている。流体接触チャンバー3125は、(第3の流体)ガス3140が流れる、輪状ガスオリフィス3150を形成する輪状ガスチャンバー3135により輪状に取り囲まれている。円筒状チップ3145の底部は、輪状ガスオリフィス3150によって輪状かつ同心状に取り囲まれている。第2の流体3120は、第1の流体3115のコアの周りに、より薄い同心状の輪状シースが生成されるように絞ることができる。
【選択図】図3A
Description
本出願は、2010年4月9日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/322,814号の利益を主張し、この出願の開示は本明細書においてその全体が参照として援用される。
本発明は一般に、薬剤科学の分野に関する。より具体的には、本発明は、多小胞リポソーム(MVL)などの大直径合成膜小胞を含有する医薬製剤、そのような製剤を調製するための方法、および治療処置を必要とする被験体の治療処置のための特定の製剤の使用に関する。
以下のことは、本実施形態を理解するのに有用となり得る情報を含む。本明細書に提供される情報のいずれも、ほどなく記載もしくは主張される実施形態に対する先行技術もしくはこれらに関連すること、または具体的もしくは暗黙的に参照される任意の刊行物もしくは文献が先行技術であることを認めるものではない。
いくつかの実施形態は、それぞれが少なくとも1つの入口オリフィスおよび少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスを有する第1の流体管および第2の流体管と、少なくとも1つの入口オリフィスを備える頂部を有し、少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスを備える底部を有し、第1の流体管の少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスに接続する流体接触チャンバー(fluid contacting chamber)と、第3の流体管が流体接触チャンバーの一部を輪状に取り囲む第3の液体チャネルとを備える噴霧ノズル装置を提供する。いくつかの実施形態では、流体接触チャンバーは、第2の流体管の少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスに接続する。いくつかの実施形態では、流体接触チャンバーの少なくとも1つの出口オリフィス、および第3の流体管の少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスは、同一平面上にある。いくつかの実施形態では、流体接触チャンバーの少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスは、第3の流体管の少なくとも1つの出口オリフィス内に引っ込んでいる。いくつかの実施形態では、流体接触チャンバーの少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスは、第3の流体管の少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスを越えて延在する。いくつかの実施形態では、第1の流体管および第2の流体管は、第1の流体管の長さの第1の部分に対して同軸である。いくつかの実施形態では、第2の流体管は、第1の流体管の第2の部分を輪状に取り囲む。いくつかの実施形態では、流体接触チャンバーの直径は、第1の流体管の直径より大きい。いくつかの実施形態では、流体接触チャンバーの直径は、流体接触チャンバーの頂部から流体接触チャンバーの出口オリフィス(orfice)まで円錐状に小さくなる。いくつかの実施形態では、流体接触チャンバーの直径は、流体接触チャンバーの頂部の下の箇所から流体接触チャンバーの出口オリフィスまで円錐状に小さくなる。
例えば、本発明は、以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
それぞれが少なくとも1つの入口オリフィスおよび少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスを有する第1の流体管および第2の流体管と、
少なくとも1つの入口オリフィスを備える頂部を有し、少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスを備える底部を有し、前記第1の流体管の前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスに接続する流体接触チャンバーと、
前記流体接触チャンバーの一部を輪状に取り囲む第3の流体管と
を備える噴霧ノズル装置。
(項目2)
前記流体接触チャンバーが、前記第2の流体管の前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスに接続する、項目1に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目3)
前記流体接触チャンバーの前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィス、および前記第3の流体管の前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスが同一平面上にある、項目1に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目4)
前記流体接触チャンバーの前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスが、前記第3の流体管の前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィス内に引っ込んでいる、項目1に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目5)
前記流体接触チャンバーの前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスが、前記第3の流体管の前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスを越えて延在する、項目1に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目6)
前記第1の流体管および前記第2の流体管が、前記第1の流体管の長さの第1の部分に対して同軸である、項目1に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目7)
前記第2の流体管が、前記第1の流体管の第2の部分を輪状に取り囲む、項目1に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目8)
前記流体接触チャンバーの直径が、前記第1の流体管の直径より大きい、項目1に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目9)
前記流体接触チャンバーの直径が、前記流体接触チャンバーの前記頂部から前記流体接触チャンバーの前記底部まで円錐状に小さくなる、項目1に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目10)
前記流体接触チャンバーの直径が、前記流体接触チャンバーの前記頂部の下の箇所から前記流体接触チャンバーの前記底部まで円錐状に小さくなることをさらに含む、項目1に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目11)
項目1に記載の噴霧ノズル装置を使用して液滴を調製するためのプロセスであって、
前記第1の流体管に第1の成分を注ぐステップと
前記第2の流体管に第2の液体を注ぐステップと、
前記第3の流体管に気体を注ぐステップと
を含み、
前記第3の流体管の出口オリフィスを出る前記気体は、前記流体接触チャンバーの前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスを出る前記液体と衝突し、噴霧液滴をもたらし、前記液滴は、約100nm〜約100μMの平均直径を有するプロセス。
(項目12)
前記第1の液体が、
第1の水相と、
第1の有機溶媒を含む第1の有機相と
から構成されるエマルジョンである、項目11に記載のプロセス。
(項目13)
前記第1の有機溶媒がクロロホルムまたは塩化メチレンである、項目12に記載のプロセス。
(項目14)
前記第1の有機相が、少なくとも1つの両親媒性脂質および少なくとも1つの中性脂質をさらに含む、項目12に記載のプロセス。
(項目15)
前記少なくとも1つの両親媒性脂質が、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、スフィンゴミエリン、ダイズレシチン(soybean lecithin)(ダイズレシチン(soya lecithin))、卵レシチン、リゾホスファチジルコリン、リゾホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルグリセロール、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジン酸、カルジオリピン、アシルトリメチルアンモニウムプロパン、ジアシルジメチルアンモニウムプロパン、ステアリルアミン、およびエチルホスファチジルコリンからなる群から選択される、項目14に記載のプロセス。
(項目16)
前記少なくとも1つの両親媒性脂質が、1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジラウロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジミリストイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジパルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジアラキドイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジベヘノイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジパルミトレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジエイコセノイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジエルコイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジパルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホグリセリン、1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホグリセリンからなる群から選択される、項目14に記載のプロセス。
(項目17)
前記少なくとも1つの中性脂質が、グリセロールエステル、グリコールエステル、トコフェロールエステル、ステロールエステル、炭化水素、およびスクアレンからなる群から選択される、項目14に記載のプロセス。
(項目18)
前記少なくとも1つの中性脂質が、トリオレイン、トリパルミトレイン、トリミリストレイン、トリリノレイン、トリブチリン、トリカプリリン、トリカプロイン、およびトリカプリンからなる群から選択される、項目14に記載のプロセス。
(項目19)
前記第1の水相が治療剤をさらに含む、項目12に記載のプロセス。
(項目20)
前記治療剤がブピバカインである、項目19に記載のプロセス。
(項目21)
前記第2の流体管に注がれる前記第2の液体が第2の水相である、項目11に記載のプロセス。
(項目22)
前記第2の水相が、デキストロースおよびリジン、またはこれらの混合物の群からの少なくとも1つをさらに含む、項目21に記載のプロセス。
(項目23)
前記液滴が、第1の成分コアおよび第2の水相シェルを含む、項目11に記載のプロセス。
(項目24)
前記気体が窒素である、項目11に記載のプロセス。
(項目25)
前記液滴が、約10μM〜約80μMの平均直径を有する、項目11に記載のプロセス。
(項目26)
前記液滴が、約20μM〜約60μMの平均直径を有する、項目11に記載のプロセス。
(項目27)
前記液滴が、約35μM〜約45μMの平均直径を有する、項目11に記載のプロセス。
(項目28)
i)第1の水相、およびii)第1の有機溶媒を含む第1の有機相を含むエマルジョンコアと、
水相シェルと
を含む噴霧液滴であって、
前記噴霧液滴は、項目1に記載の噴霧ノズル装置を使用して、第1の成分、水相、および気体を合わせるステップを含むプロセスによって作製され、前記プロセスは、
第1の流体管に第1の成分を注ぐステップと、
第2の流体管に水相を注ぐステップと、
第3の流体管に気体を注ぐステップと
を含み、
前記第3の流体管の出口オリフィスを出る前記気体は、前記流体接触チャンバーの前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスを出る前記液体と衝突し、噴霧液滴をもたらし、前記液滴は、約100nm〜約100μMの平均直径を有する液滴。
(項目29)
それぞれが少なくとも1つの入口オリフィスおよび少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスを有する第1の流体管、第2の流体管、および第3の流体管と、
少なくとも1つの入口オリフィスを備える頂部を有し、少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスを備える底部を有し、前記第1の流体管の前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスに接続する第1の流体接触チャンバーであって、前記第2の流体管が前記第1の流体接触チャンバーの一部を輪状に取り囲む、第1の流体接触チャンバーと、
少なくとも1つの入口オリフィスを備える頂部を有し、少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスを備える底部を有し、前記第1の流体接触チャンバーの前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスに接続する第2の流体接触チャンバーであって、前記第3の流体管が前記第2の流体接触チャンバーの一部を輪状に取り囲む、第2の流体接触チャンバーと、
前記第2の流体接触チャンバーの一部を輪状に取り囲む第4の流体管と
を備える噴霧ノズル装置。
(項目30)
前記第1の流体接触チャンバーが、前記第2の流体管の前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスに接続する、項目29に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目31)
前記第2の流体接触チャンバーの前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィス、および前記第4の流体管の前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスが同一平面上にある、項目29に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目32)
前記第2の流体接触チャンバーの前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスが、前記第4の流体管の前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィス内に引っ込んでいる、項目29に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目33)
前記第2の流体接触チャンバーの前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスが、前記第4の流体管の前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスを越えて延在する、項目29に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目34)
前記第1の流体管および前記第2の流体管が、前記第1の流体管の長さの第1の部分に対して同軸である、項目29に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目35)
前記第2の流体管が、前記第1の流体管の第2の部分を輪状に取り囲む、項目29に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目36)
前記流体接触チャンバーの直径が、前記第1の流体管の直径より大きい、項目29に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目37)
前記第1の流体接触チャンバーの直径が、前記第1の流体接触チャンバーの前記頂部から前記第1の流体接触チャンバーの前記底部まで円錐状に小さくなる、項目29に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目38)
前記第2の流体管および前記第3の流体管が、前記第2の流体管の長さの第1の部分に対して同軸である、項目29に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目39)
前記第3の流体管が、前記第2の流体管の第2の部分を輪状に取り囲む、項目29に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目40)
前記第2の流体接触チャンバーの直径が、前記第2の流体接触チャンバーの前記出口オリフィスの直径より大きい、項目29に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目41)
前記第2の流体接触チャンバーの直径が、前記第2の流体接触チャンバーの前記頂部から前記第2の流体接触チャンバーの前記底部まで円錐状に小さくなる、項目29に記載の噴霧ノズル。
(項目42)
項目29に記載の噴霧ノズル装置を使用して液滴を調製するためのプロセスであって、
前記第1の流体管に第1の液体を注ぐステップと、
前記第2の流体管に第2の液体を注ぐステップと、
前記第3の流体管に第3の液体を注ぐステップと、
前記第4の流体管に気体を注ぐステップと
を含み、
前記第4の流体管の出口オリフィスを出る前記気体は、前記第2の流体接触チャンバーの前記少なくとも1つの出口オリフィスを出る前記液体と衝突し、噴霧液滴をもたらし、前記液滴は、約100nm〜約100μMの平均直径を有するプロセス。
(項目43)
前記第1の液体が、
i)第1の水相と、
ii)第1の有機溶媒を含む第1の有機相と
から構成されるエマルジョンであり、
前記第2の液体が第2の有機相であり、
前記第3の液体が第2の水相である
項目42に記載のプロセス。
(項目44)
前記第1の液体が、
i)第1の水相と、
ii)第1の有機溶媒を含む第1の有機相と
から構成されるエマルジョンであり、
前記第2の液体が第2の水相であり、
前記第3の液体が第2の有機相である
項目42に記載のプロセス。
(項目45)
前記第1の有機溶媒がクロロホルムまたは塩化メチレンである、項目43に記載のプロセス。
(項目46)
前記第1の有機相が、少なくとも1つの両親媒性脂質および少なくとも1つの中性脂質をさらに含む、項目43に記載のプロセス。
(項目47)
項目1に記載の少なくとも1つの噴霧ノズル装置と、有機溶媒を蒸発させるための手段とを含む蒸発装置。
(項目48)
頂部、底部、および環状壁を有する溶媒除去容器と、
少なくとも1つの噴霧ノズルと、
担体気体入口オリフィスと、
前記頂部に一元に接続された溶媒除去気体出口オリフィスと、
前記容器の前記底部に接続された生成物出口オリフィスと
を備える蒸発装置。
(項目49)
少なくとも2つの担体気体入口オリフィスをさらに備える、項目48に記載の装置。
(項目50)
前記溶媒除去容器の少なくとも一部がジャケットで覆われている、項目48に記載の装置。
(項目51)
前記噴霧ノズルが、前記溶媒除去容器の前記頂部に取り付けられ、前記溶媒除去容器の前記頂部を通じて延在している、項目48に記載の装置。
(項目52)
前記溶媒除去容器の前記頂部が蓋を備える、項目48に記載の装置。
(項目53)
前記溶媒除去容器の前記頂部に取り付けられ、前記溶媒除去容器の前記頂部を通じて延在する濯ぎノズルをさらに備える、項目48に記載の装置。
(項目54)
前記環状壁が中心軸を有し、前記溶媒除去気体出口オリフィスが、前記中心軸に沿って存在する前記溶媒除去容器中に延在するチューブをさらに備える、項目48に記載の装置。
(項目55)
前記噴霧ノズルが、前記壁の前記中心軸から測定して少なくとも5度の角度に置かれており、前記噴霧ノズルに最も近い前記壁に平行な面内にある、項目54に記載の装置。
(項目56)
前記担体気体入口オリフィスが、前記噴霧ノズルと組み合わされている、項目55に記載の装置。
(項目57)
前記溶媒除去気体出口オリフィスが、前記溶媒除去容器中へと延在するチューブをさらに備え、前記チューブが狭小化する円錐部に嵌合される、項目48に記載の装置。
(項目58)
前記溶媒除去気体出口オリフィスが、前記溶媒除去容器中へと延在するチューブをさらに備え、前記チューブが狭小化する円錐部および輪状環に嵌合される、項目48に記載の装置。
(項目59)
前記チューブが、前記溶媒除去容器への進路の約1/3から約4/5まで延在する、項目57に記載の装置。
(項目60)
前記チューブが、前記溶媒除去容器への進路の約2/3まで延在する、項目57に記載の装置。
(項目61)
前記狭小化する円錐部の底部端の直径が、前記溶媒除去容器の内部の直径の約1/1000〜約1/5である、項目57に記載の装置。
(項目62)
前記溶媒除去気体出口オリフィスの直径が、前記溶媒除去容器の内部の直径の1/10未満である、項目48に記載の装置。
(項目63)
前記少なくとも1つの噴霧ノズルが、項目1に記載の噴霧ノズル装置である、項目48に記載の装置。
(項目64)
前記少なくとも1つの噴霧ノズルが、項目29に記載の噴霧ノズル装置である、項目48に記載の装置。
(項目65)
前記溶媒除去容器の前記内径と、前記溶媒除去気体出口オリフィスの前記狭小化する円錐部の前記直径との比が、約5:1〜100:1の間である、項目48に記載の装置。
(項目66)
前記溶媒除去容器の前記内径と、前記溶媒除去気体出口オリフィスの前記狭小化する円錐部の前記直径との比が、約20:1〜60:1の間である、項目48に記載の装置。
(項目67)
項目48に記載の蒸発装置を使用して大直径合成膜小胞を調製するためのプロセスであって、
第1の成分コアおよび水相シェルを含む大直径合成膜小胞プレ液滴を前記溶媒除去容器に導入するステップと、
前記担体気体入口オリフィスを通じて前記環状壁の接線方向に担体気体を注ぐステップと、
前記溶媒除去気体出口オリフィスを通じて溶媒除去気体を除去することによって、前記大直径合成膜小胞懸濁液を提供するステップと
を含むプロセス。
(項目68)
前記第1の成分コアが、第1の水相および第1の有機相を含む、項目67に記載のプロセス。
(項目69)
前記第1の有機相が第1の連続有機溶媒を含む、項目68に記載のプロセス。
(項目70)
前記第1の有機溶媒がクロロホルムまたは塩化メチレンである、項目69に記載のプロセス。
(項目71)
前記第1の有機相が、少なくとも1つの両親媒性脂質および少なくとも1つの中性脂質をさらに含む、項目68に記載のプロセス。
(項目72)
前記第1の成分コアが、第1の有機相中の懸濁液としての第1の水相液滴である、項目67に記載のプロセス。
(項目73)
前記第1の水相液滴が、約10nm〜約10μm、約100nm〜約5μm、または約500nm〜約2μmの平均直径を有する、項目67に記載のプロセス。
(項目74)
前記第1の水相液滴が、約1μmの平均直径を有する、項目69に記載のプロセス。
(項目75)
前記担体気体が窒素を含む、項目67に記載のプロセス。
(項目76)
前記溶媒除去気体が窒素および有機溶媒を含む、項目69に記載のプロセス。
(項目77)
前記担体気体および前記溶媒除去気体が、前記溶媒除去容器内で、渦の中を移動する、項目67に記載のプロセス。
(項目78)
前記大直径合成膜小胞が、複数の非同心の房を含む構造を有し、少なくとも1つの両親媒性脂質および少なくとも1つの中性脂質を含む多小胞リポソームである、項目67に記載のプロセス。
(項目79)
前記少なくとも1つの両親媒性脂質が、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、スフィンゴミエリン、ダイズレシチン(soybean lecithin)(ダイズレシチン(soya lecithin))、卵レシチン、リゾホスファチジルコリン、リゾホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルグリセロール、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジン酸、カルジオリピン、アシルトリメチルアンモニウムプロパン、ジアシルジメチルアンモニウムプロパン、ステアリルアミン、およびエチルホスファチジルコリンからなる群から選択される、項目78に記載のプロセス。
(項目80)
前記少なくとも1つの両親媒性脂質が、1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジラウロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジミリストイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジパルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジアラキドイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジベヘノイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジパルミトレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジエイコセノイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジエルコイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジパルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホグリセリン、および1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホグリセリンからなる群から選択される、項目78に記載のプロセス。
(項目81)
前記少なくとも1つの中性脂質が、グリセロールエステル、グリコールエステル、トコフェロールエステル、ステロールエステル、炭化水素、およびスクアレンからなる群から選択される、項目78に記載のプロセス。
(項目82)
前記少なくとも1つの中性脂質が、トリオレイン、トリパルミトレイン、トリミリストレイン、トリリノレイン、トリブチリン、トリカプリリン、トリカプロイン、およびトリカプリンからなる群から選択される、項目78に記載のプロセス。
(項目83)
前記多小胞リポソームが治療剤をさらに含む、項目78に記載のプロセス。
(項目84)
前記治療剤がブピバカインである、項目83に記載のプロセス。
(項目85)
項目1に記載の少なくとも1つの噴霧ノズル装置と、液滴から有機溶媒を除去するための手段とを含む蒸発装置。
(項目86)
項目48に記載の蒸発装置を使用して大直径合成膜小胞を調製するためのプロセスであって、
第1の成分コアおよび水相シェルを含む大直径合成膜小胞プレ液滴を前記溶媒除去容器に導入するステップと、
前記担体気体入口オリフィスを通じて前記環状壁の接線方向に担体気体を注ぐステップと、
前記溶媒除去気体出口オリフィスを通じて溶媒除去気体を除去することによって、温度処理前の大直径合成膜小胞を提供するステップと、
前記温度処理前の大直径合成膜小胞を排出口ラインに導入するステップと、
前記温度処理前の大直径合成膜小胞を、前記排出口ライン内で、約30℃〜約100℃の範囲の温度を有する熱溶液と接触させることによって、温度処理後の大直径合成膜小胞を提供するステップと、
前記温度処理後の大直径合成膜小胞を、連続流粒子濃縮システムまたは連続相交換システムに移すステップと、
前記温度処理後の大直径合成膜小胞を第2の温度に冷却することによって、前記大直径合成膜小胞を提供するステップと、
前記大直径合成膜小胞懸濁液を単離するステップと
を含むプロセス。
(項目87)
前記第1の成分コアが、第1の水相および第1の有機相を含む、項目86に記載のプロセス。
(項目88)
前記第1の有機相が第1の連続有機溶媒を含む、項目87に記載のプロセス。
(項目89)
前記第1の有機溶媒がクロロホルムまたは塩化メチレンである、項目88に記載のプロセス。
(項目90)
前記第1の有機相が、少なくとも1つの両親媒性脂質および少なくとも1つの中性脂質をさらに含む、項目88に記載のプロセス。
(項目91)
前記第1の成分コアが、第1の有機相中の第1の水相液滴の懸濁液である、項目86に記載のプロセス。
(項目92)
前記第1の水相液滴が、約10nm〜約10μm、約100nm〜約5μm、または約500nm〜約2μmの平均直径を有する、項目86に記載のプロセス。
(項目93)
前記第1の水相液滴が、約1μmの平均直径を有する、項目92に記載のプロセス。
(項目94)
前記担体気体が窒素を含む、項目86に記載のプロセス。
(項目95)
前記溶媒除去気体が窒素および有機溶媒を含む、項目88に記載のプロセス。
(項目96)
前記担体気体が窒素および水蒸気を含む、項目86に記載のプロセス。
(項目97)
前記担体気体および前記溶媒除去気体が、前記溶媒除去容器内で、渦の中を移動する、項目86に記載のプロセス。
(項目98)
前記大直径合成膜小胞が、複数の非同心の房を含む構造を有し、少なくとも1つの両親媒性脂質および少なくとも1つの中性脂質を含む多小胞リポソームである、項目86に記載のプロセス。
(項目99)
前記少なくとも1つの両親媒性脂質が、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、スフィンゴミエリン、ダイズレシチン(soybean lecithin)(ダイズレシチン(soya lecithin))、卵レシチン、リゾホスファチジルコリン、リゾホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルグリセロール、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジン酸、カルジオリピン、アシルトリメチルアンモニウムプロパン、ジアシルジメチルアンモニウムプロパン、ステアリルアミン、およびエチルホスファチジルコリンからなる群から選択される、項目98に記載のプロセス。
(項目100)
前記少なくとも1つの両親媒性脂質が、1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジラウロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジミリストイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジパルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジアラキドイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジベヘノイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジパルミトレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジエイコセノイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジエルコイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジパルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホグリセリン、1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホグリセリンからなる群から選択される、項目98に記載のプロセス。
(項目101)
前記少なくとも1つの中性脂質が、グリセロールエステル、グリコールエステル、トコフェロールエステル、ステロールエステル、炭化水素、およびスクアレンからなる群から選択される、項目98に記載のプロセス。
(項目102)
前記少なくとも1つの中性脂質が、トリオレイン、トリパルミトレイン、トリミリストレイン、トリリノレイン、トリブチリン、トリカプリリン、トリカプロイン、およびトリカプリンからなる群から選択される、項目98に記載のプロセス。
(項目103)
前記多小胞リポソームが治療剤をさらに含む、項目98に記載のプロセス。
(項目104)
前記治療剤がブピバカインである、項目103に記載のプロセス。
(項目105)
複数の非同心の房を含む構造を有し、少なくとも1つの両親媒性脂質および少なくとも1つの中性脂質を含む多小胞リポソームを含む組成物であって、
前記多小胞リポソームは、項目48に記載の蒸発装置を使用して、多小胞リポソームプレ液滴から有機溶媒を除去するステップを含むプロセスによって作製され、前記プロセスは、
多小胞リポソームプレ液滴を前記溶媒除去容器に導入するステップであって、大直径合成膜小胞プレ液滴は、第1の成分コアおよび水相シェルを含むステップと、
前記担体気体入口オリフィスを通じて前記環状壁の接線方向に担体気体を注ぐステップと、
前記溶媒除去気体出口オリフィスを通じて溶媒除去気体を除去することによって、前記大直径合成膜小胞を提供するステップと
を含む組成物。
(項目106)
項目67または項目86に記載のプロセスによって作製される大直径合成膜小胞を含む組成物。
(項目107)
前記大直径合成膜小胞が、複数の非同心の房を含む構造を有し、少なくとも1つの両親媒性脂質および少なくとも1つの中性脂質を含む多小胞リポソームである、項目106に記載の組成物。
(項目108)
前記少なくとも1つの両親媒性脂質が、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、スフィンゴミエリン、ダイズレシチン(soybean lecithin)(ダイズレシチン(soya lecithin))、卵レシチン、リゾホスファチジルコリン、リゾホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルグリセロール、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジン酸、カルジオリピン、アシルトリメチルアンモニウムプロパン、ジアシルジメチルアンモニウムプロパン、ステアリルアミン、およびエチルホスファチジルコリンからなる群から選択される、項目107に記載のプロセス。
(項目109)
前記少なくとも1つの両親媒性脂質が、1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジラウロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジミリストイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジパルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジアラキドイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジベヘノイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジパルミトレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジエイコセノイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジエルコイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、1,2−ジパルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホグリセリン、1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホグリセリンからなる群から選択される、項目107に記載のプロセス。
(項目110)
前記少なくとも1つの中性脂質が、グリセロールエステル、グリコールエステル、トコフェロールエステル、ステロールエステル、炭化水素、およびスクアレンからなる群から選択される、項目107に記載のプロセス。
(項目111)
前記少なくとも1つの中性脂質が、トリオレイン、トリパルミトレイン、トリミリストレイン、トリリノレイン、トリブチリン、トリカプリリン、トリカプロイン、およびトリカプリンからなる群から選択される、項目107に記載のプロセス。
(項目112)
前記多小胞リポソームが治療剤をさらに含む、項目107に記載のプロセス。
(項目113)
前記治療剤がブピバカインである、項目112に記載のプロセス。
(項目114)
回転子および固定子から構成されるミキサーと、
1つまたは複数の再循環ラインから構成される再循環ループと、
熱交換器と、
1つまたは複数の排出口ラインと、
1つまたは複数の連続相注入口ラインと、
不連続相注入口ラインと
を備える連続流乳化システムであって、
前記熱交換器および前記ミキサーは、1つまたは複数の再循環ラインによって前記再循環ループ内で一緒に接続されており、
さらに、前記1つまたは複数の排出口ラインおよび1つまたは複数の連続相注入口ラインは、前記再循環ループに接続されており、
さらに、前記不連続相注入口ラインの終端部は、前記回転子から回転子直径の約1/3、および前記回転子の回転軸の回転子直径の約1/3以内に位置し、前記回転子と流体連結状態にあるシステム。
(項目115)
連続相入口ラインが、前記ミキサーの上流および前記熱交換器の下流の前記再循環ループに接続されており、排出口ラインが、前記ミキサーの下流および前記熱交換器の上流の前記再循環ループに接続されている、項目114に記載の乳化システム。
(項目116)
エマルジョンをさらに含み、前記エマルジョンは、平均少なくとも5倍以上で、前記再循環ラインを通じて前記ミキサーに戻って再循環する、項目114に記載の乳化システム。
(項目117)
平均で直径が10ミクロン未満である、前記ミキサー内で生成されるエマルジョン液滴をさらに含む、項目114に記載の乳化システム。
(項目118)
それぞれのユニットが、
保持液容器、
前記保持液容器に接続された粒子懸濁液注入口ライン、
前記保持液容器と粒子濃縮デバイスを接続する第1の排出口ライン、
前記保持液容器と前記粒子濃縮デバイスの間で、前記第1の排出口ラインに沿って位置したポンプ、および
別の濃縮器ユニットまたは最終生成物収集容器に至る第2の排出口ライン
を備える1つまたは複数の濃縮器ユニットと、
溶媒を除去または交換するための手段と
を備える連続処理システム。
(項目119)
溶媒を除去または交換するための前記手段が、それぞれ独立に、接線流濾過ユニット、ハイドロサイクロンユニット、および遠心分離機からなる群から選択される、項目118に記載のシステム。
(項目120)
前記保持液容器に接続された新懸濁化媒質注入口ラインをさらに備える、項目118に記載のシステム。
(項目121)
溶媒を除去または交換するための前記手段が、それぞれ接線流濾過ユニットである、項目118に記載のシステム。
(項目122)
溶媒を除去または交換するための前記手段が、それぞれ遠心分離機である、項目118に記載のシステム。
(項目123)
少なくとも1つの接線流濾過ユニット、および少なくとも1つの遠心分離機を備える、項目118に記載のシステム。
(項目124)
連続流粒子濃縮システムまたは連続相交換システムである、項目118に記載のシステム。
(項目125)
項目1に記載の噴霧ノズル装置を使用して多小胞リポソームを作製するためのプロセスであって、
前記第1の流体管に有機溶媒を含む第1の液体を注ぐステップと、
前記第2の流体管に第2の液体を注ぐステップと、
前記第3の流体管に加圧ガスを注ぐことによって、噴霧液滴を提供するステップであって、前記第3の流体管の出口オリフィスを出る前記加圧ガスは、前記流体接触チャンバーの出口オリフィスを出る前記液体と衝突するステップと、
前記噴霧液滴から前記有機溶媒を除去するステップであって、4000ppm未満の前記有機溶媒が前記噴霧液滴中に残っているステップと
を含むプロセス。
(項目126)
前記第1の液体が、
不連続水相と、
前記有機溶媒を含む連続有機相と
から構成されるエマルジョンである、項目125に記載のプロセス。
(項目127)
前記有機溶媒が塩化メチレンである、項目126に記載のプロセス。
(項目128)
前記不連続水相が治療剤をさらに含む、項目126に記載のプロセス。
(項目129)
前記連続有機相が治療剤をさらに含む、項目126に記載のプロセス。
(項目130)
前記治療剤がブピバカインまたはその塩である、項目127または128に記載のプロセス。
(項目131)
前記第2の流体管に注がれる前記第2の液体が水溶液である、項目125に記載のプロセス。
(項目132)
前記水溶液が、デキストロースおよびリジンをさらに含む、項目131に記載のプロセス。
(項目133)
前記気体が滅菌気体である、項目125に記載のプロセス。
(項目134)
前記気体が窒素である、項目133に記載のプロセス。
(項目135)
噴霧液滴を項目46に記載の蒸発装置に導入するステップと、
前記担体気体入口オリフィスを通じて前記溶媒除去容器内に、前記環状壁の接線方向に加圧された担体気体を導入するステップと、
溶媒除去気体を除去するステップであって、前記溶媒除去気体は、前記噴霧液滴中の前記有機溶媒の90%超を除去し、多小胞リポソームの形成をもたらすステップと
をさらに含む、項目125に記載のプロセス。
(項目136)
前記担体気体が加熱および加湿されている、項目135に記載のプロセス。
(項目137)
濯ぎノズルを使用して前記溶媒除去容器内に壁濯ぎ溶液をスプレーするステップであって、前記壁濯ぎ溶液は、前記蒸発装置の前記頂部での粒子の蓄積を防止するステップをさらに含む、項目135に記載のプロセス。
(項目138)
前記噴霧液滴が、約400ppm〜約3500ppmの範囲内で有機溶媒を含有する、項目125に記載のプロセス。
(項目139)
項目114に記載の乳化システムを使用してエマルジョンを作製するためのプロセスであって、前記不連続相注入口ラインを通じて、前記乳化システム内に有機不連続相を供給するステップと、1つまたは複数の連続相注入口ラインを通じて、前記乳化システム内に水性連続相を供給するステップとを含むプロセス。
(項目140)
項目114に記載の乳化システムを使用してエマルジョンを作製するためのプロセスであって、前記不連続相注入口ラインを通じて、前記乳化システム内に水性不連続相を供給するステップと、前記1つまたは複数の連続相注入口ラインを通じて、前記乳化システム内に供給される有機連続相を供給するステップとを含むプロセス。
(項目141)
前記有機連続相が、有機溶媒および中性脂質から構成される、項目140に記載のプロセス。
(項目142)
前記有機溶媒が塩化メチレンである、項目141に記載のプロセス。
(項目143)
前記水性不連続相が、酸および治療剤から構成される、項目140に記載のプロセス。
(項目144)
前記酸がリン酸である、項目143に記載のプロセス。
(項目145)
前記治療剤がブピバカインである、項目143に記載のプロセス。
(項目146)
前記エマルジョンの一部が、1つまたは複数の排出口ラインを通じて、項目1に記載の噴霧ノズルの内側の流体管に供給される、項目140に記載のプロセス。
(項目147)
前記エマルジョンの一部が、1つまたは複数の排出口ラインを通じて、項目48に記載の蒸発装置に供給される、項目140に記載のプロセス。
(項目148)
本明細書に開示および記載される蒸発装置を使用して大直径合成膜小胞を調製するためのプロセス。
(項目149)
本明細書に開示および記載されるプロセスによって作製される大直径合成膜小胞。
(項目150)
組成が内部構造の組成と異なる外側表面層を含む多小胞リポソームを含む組成物。
本開示の特徴は、添付の図面と合わせて、以下の説明および添付の特許請求の範囲からより完全に明らかとなる。これらの図面は、本開示によるある特定の実施形態のみを表し、したがって、その範囲を限定するものとみなされるべきではないことが理解されよう。本開示は、添付の図面を使用して、さらなる具体性を伴って詳細に説明される。記載される実施形態のいくつかによる装置、システム、または方法は、いくつかの態様を有することができ、これらのどの1つも、必ずしもこの装置、システム、または方法の望ましい特質にもっぱら関与するとは限らない。この考察を考慮した後、特に「好ましい実施形態の詳細な説明」という表題のセクションを読んだ後、例示される特徴が、本開示のある特定の原理を説明するのにどのように役割を果たすかが理解されるであろう。
本明細書において、以下のように略語を定義する。
CIP 定置洗浄処理
℃ セ氏温度での温度
d10 μmで、粒子の10質量%(体積%)(粒子の)がより小さい相当径を有し、他の90質量%(体積%)がより大きい相当径を有する場合の直径
d50 μmで、粒子の50質量%(体積%)(粒子の)がより小さい相当径を有し、他の50質量%(体積%)がより大きい相当径を有する場合の直径
d90 μmで、粒子の90質量%(体積%)(粒子の)がより小さい相当径を有し、他の100質量%(体積%)がより大きい相当径を有する場合の直径
DCM 塩化メチレン
g グラム
h 時間
mL ミリリットル
mg ミリグラム
mOsm/kg 1キログラム当たりのオスモル濃度
pH pHメーターまたはpHインジケータを使用した液体の酸性度またはアルカリ度の測定値
PPV 充填粒子体積(packed particle volume)
PSD 粒径分布
RT、rt 室温
SIP 定置滅菌(sterile−in−place)処理
Tert、t 3級の
μL マイクロリットル
μg マイクログラム
WFI 注射用水。
いくつかの実施形態は、大直径合成膜小胞(複数可)組成物を調製するためのプロセスであって、第1の水相と、有機溶媒、少なくとも1つの両親媒性脂質、および少なくとも1つの中性脂質を含む有機相とを混合することによって第1の成分を形成するステップと、本明細書に開示および記載される噴霧ノズルを使用して、第2の水相中で前記第1の成分をカプセル化することによって、1つの水相を含む第2の成分を提供するステップと、第2の成分から有機溶媒を除去することによって、大直径合成膜小胞粒子の組成物を形成するステップであって、除去することは、第2の成分を気体と接触させ、任意選択により加熱し、任意選択により、粒子濃縮により組成物を濾過することによって達成することができるステップとを含むプロセスに関する。このようなステップは、他のステップと組み合わせることができる。いくつかの実施形態では、脂質相は、コレステロールを含むことができる。いくつかの実施形態では、有機溶媒は、揮発性の水不混和性または難混和性の溶媒とすることができる。いくつかの実施形態では、第1の成分は、第1のエマルジョンとすることができる。いくつかの実施形態では、第2の成分は、第2のエマルジョンとすることができる。いくつかの実施形態では、第2の成分は、液滴とすることができる。いくつかの実施形態では、大直径合成膜小胞(複数可)は、多小胞リポソームとすることができる。
第1の成分
第1の成分を含む実施形態では、第1の成分は、有機相および第1の水相などの2つの相を混合することによって形成することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、治療剤を有機相に添加することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、治療剤を第1の水相に添加することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、治療剤を有機相および第1の水相の両方に添加することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、有機相は、少なくとも1つの両親媒性脂質、少なくとも1つの中性脂質、および有機溶媒を含む場合がある。いくつかの実施形態では、治療剤は、薬学的に許容される塩の形態である場合がある。
第2の成分液滴
いくつかの実施形態では、第1の成分は、次いで第2の水相と組み合わせることによって、第2の成分液滴を提供することができる。第2の成分液滴は、3流体ノズルを使用して第1の成分を第2の水相と組み合わせることによって形成されて、第1の成分/第2の水相混合物を形成することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、ノズルに注がれる第1の流体は、第1の成分から構成される第1の液体であり、ノズルに注がれる第2の流体は、第2の水相から構成される第2の液体であり、第3の流体は、気体(もしくは気体/蒸気混合物)、例えば、窒素ガス(もしくは窒素ガス/水蒸気混合物)、またはCO2がスクラビングされた空気、またはCO2を含まない、もしくは実質的に含まない空気などとみなすことができる。いくつかの実施形態では、第1の成分/第2の水相混合物を第3の流体と接触させると、気体が、第1のエマルジョン(emulstion)/第2の水相混合物を剪断して液滴にするように作用するので、第2の成分液滴が作り出される。いくつかの実施形態では、第1の成分と第2の水相の体積:体積比は、約1:1000〜約1000:1の範囲内、約1:500〜約500:1の範囲内、約1:50〜約50:1の範囲内、約1:10〜約5:1の範囲内、または約1:5〜約5:1の範囲内とすることができる。典型的な実施形態では、第1の成分と第2の水相の体積:体積比は、約1:3〜約3:1の範囲内である場合がある。あるいは、第1の成分と第2の水相の体積:体積比は、約2:1〜1:2の範囲内である場合がある。例えば、第1の成分と第2の水相の体積:体積比は、約1:1である場合がある。いくつかの実施形態では、第1の成分は、エマルジョンとすることができる。
溶媒除去
いくつかの実施形態では、塩化メチレンなどの有機溶媒は、溶媒除去チャンバー内で、気体(またはある程度の水相蒸気を含む気体)、例えば、窒素ガス、またはCO2がスクラビングされた空気、またはCO2を含まない、もしくは実質的に含まない空気などと液滴をさらに接触させることによって、液滴からほぼ、または完全に除去することができる。以下に説明するように、いくつかの実施形態では、気体は、50%〜100%の相対湿度を有する場合がある。例えば、湿度は100%である場合がある。いくつかの実施形態では、液滴は、有機溶媒のほとんど全てが除去され、それによって大直径合成膜小胞粒子が作り出されるまで、溶媒除去チャンバー内で気体中に懸濁されたままである場合がある。いくつかの実施形態では、溶媒除去は、本明細書に論じられる溶媒除去チャンバー内で行うことができる。次いで大直径合成膜小胞粒子を、複数の他の大直径合成膜小胞粒子とともに収集することができ、連続水相中に懸濁された大直径合成膜小胞を形成する。いくつかの実施形態では、連続水相中に懸濁された大直径合成膜小胞は、さらなる処理を受ける場合がある。いくつかの実施形態では、大直径合成膜小胞は、多小胞リポソームとすることができる。
任意選択により、連続水溶液中に懸濁された大直径合成膜小胞を処理することによって、粒子濃度システムを介して連続水溶液を改変/交換することができる。本文書において、用語の濃縮ユニット、濃縮装置、濃縮システム、粒子濃縮システム、粒子濃縮デバイス、ならびに粒子濃縮器は、1ステップで、または付加的に実施される、粒子懸濁液の粒子懸濁化媒質の一部を除去し、したがって粒子濃度を濃縮し、ならびに懸濁化媒質の新しい懸濁化媒質との交換を包含するユニットならびにプロセスを意味する。懸濁化媒質の交換は、懸濁液を濃縮し、新しい懸濁化媒質を添加することによって達成することができるので、これらの2つのプロセスは密接に関係づけられる。これらの用語は、別個に、または同時に行われる粒子懸濁液の濃縮および懸濁化媒質の交換に関する。いくつかの実施形態では、大直径合成膜小胞は、多小胞リポソームとすることができる。
次に本実施形態を、添付図面を参照しながら特徴および動作に関してより詳細に記述する。
本出願の実施形態は、医薬品製剤を製造するための連続流システムである。そのような連続流システムの例を図1Aに示す。図1Aは、医薬品製剤を製造するためのシステムに使用される、重要な構成要素およびサブシステムの概略図である。構成要素およびサブシステムのそれぞれは、より大きい製造システムの一部に含めることができかつこのシステムの一部として動作することができ、または代替例として、本明細書に記述される各サブシステムの目的を達成するために連続的に自立的に運転されてもよい。さらに各サブシステムは、バッチ入力を使用しかつバッチ出力を生成する連続流により運転されてもよい。
いくつかの実施形態では、製造システム100はさらに、図1Bに示されるように質量流制御機13、質量流制御機23、質量流制御機33、ロトメーター流れ指示機57、加熱機93、水蒸気発生機40、および定量ポンプ6を含む。構成要素およびサブシステムのそれぞれは、より大きい製造システムの一部に含めることができかつこのシステムの一部として動作することができ、または代替例として、本明細書に記述される各サブシステムの目的を達成するために連続的に自立的に運転されてもよい。さらに、各サブシステムは、バッチ入力を使用しかつバッチ出力を生成する連続流により運転されてもよい。
本出願の一実施形態は、連続熱処理システムを含む。図1Cは、連続熱処理システム150の一例の概略図を示す。いくつかの実施形態では、大直径合成膜小胞懸濁液を、溶媒除去容器(図1A、構成要素50)から、供給ライン120(図1A、構成要素120にも見られる。)内に流動させて、連続熱処理システム150にポンプ送出し、その後、サブシステム(図1A、構成要素70)に進入させることができる。
本出願の一実施形態は、乳化システム、システムを使用するプロセス、およびこのプロセスにより作製された大直径合成膜小胞生成物を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、大直径合成膜小胞は、多小胞リポソームとすることができる。図2は、連続流乳化システム210の一例の概略図を示す。乳化システム210は、高剪断ミキサー2130および熱交換器2170を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、高剪断ミキサー2130を、第1の構成成分の調製に使用することができる。一実施形態で使用される高剪断ミキサー2130は、Charles Ross & Son Company(Hauppauge、NY)製のRoss HSM−703XS−20 Sanitary Inline High
Shear Mixerである。いくつかの実施形態では、高剪断ミキサー2130のヘッドを、水性注入口ライン2120に接続することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、高剪断ミキサー2130のヘッドは、水性注入口ライン2120を通して水溶液を供給することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、高剪断ミキサー2130のヘッドは、再循環ライン2125に接続することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、高剪断ミキサー2130は、再循環ライン2125を通して再循環エマルジョンを供給することができる。再循環エマルジョンは、連続有機溶液中に分散された、既に剪断された水滴を含有する。いくつかの実施形態では、水溶液は、タンク(図1A、構成要素10)に貯蔵し、様々な体積流量で、高剪断ミキサー2130に進入する前に水性注入口ライン2120に取着された液体滅菌フィルター(図1A、構成要素20)を通過することができる。高剪断ミキサーは、1mL/分から4,000mL/分の間、10mL/分から1,000mL/分の間、10mL/分から100mL/分の間、好ましくは15mL/分から50mL/分の間の体積流量を送達するのに利用可能である。いくつかの実施形態では、水性注入口ライン2120は、再循環ライン2125の一部分の内部を同軸方向に走るように構成することができる。上記体積流量の範囲は、1つまたは任意選択で多数の噴霧ノズルの使用が企図される場合に適切である。
本出願の一実施形態は、噴霧ノズル、ノズルを使用するプロセス、およびこのプロセスにより作製された大直径合成膜小胞を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、大直径合成膜小胞は、多小胞リポソームとすることができる。本発明の噴霧ノズル、噴霧ノズルを使用するためのプロセス、ならびにMVL生成物の例を、図3A〜6に示し、本明細書に記述する。
図3Aは、噴霧ノズル310の概略部分図であり、流体接触チャンバー3125を含む噴霧ノズルの下部の断面図を示す。流体接触チャンバー3125は、内側流体コンジット3165の底部から円筒状チップ3145まで、円錐状にテーパーが付けられている。流体接触チャンバー3125は、狭められて輪状ガスオリフィス3150を形成する輪状ガスチャンバー(第3の流体コンジット)3135により輪状に取り囲まれている。円筒状チップ3145の底部は、輪状ガスオリフィス3150によって輪状かつ同心状に取り囲まれている。
高い組込みパーセンテージ(高価な活性剤に特に重要である。)を有するリポソームは、図3Eから図3Lまでに示される4流体噴霧ノズル320で作製することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、第1の流体3115は、水性活性剤を含む流体とすることができ、一方、第2の流体3170は、脂質溶液を含む揮発性溶媒とすることができ、この第2の流体3170は、第3の流体3120を懸濁緩衝液とすることができる場合に膜を形成する。懸濁緩衝外層がないと、脂質は、その疎水性領域が外の疎水性ガスに向かう状態になる。この4流体ノズルは、凝集を防止するように外膜を組み立てる。そのような実施形態では、活性剤流体を脂質層形成溶媒3170で取り囲むことができるので、活性剤の組込みは多量である。3170中の脂質の濃度が低いと、少なくとも1つの2重層を提供することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、第2の流体中の脂質濃度がより高いと、厚い多数の2重層を含むリポソームを提供することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、構造的に強力で安定したリポソームを、高い遷移温度で密充填飽和リン脂質を使用して作製することができるが、それはリポソームが、蒸発する溶媒溶液から堆積されるからでありかつ従来のリポソームプロセスに従って水溶液中で形成する必要がないからである。
図3Iは、第1の内側流体コンジット3165、第2の内側コンジット3175、外側コンジット3123、流体接触チャンバー3125、ガス入力チャネル3130、輪状ガスチャンバー(第4の流体コンジット)3135、および輪状ガスオリフィス3150を含む、4流体噴霧ノズル320の概略部分断面図である。いくつかの実施形態では、流体接触チャンバー3125は、外側流体コンジット3123の出口オリフィス3173から円筒状チップ3145まで、円錐状にテーパーが付けられている。
図4Aは、第1の流体4115を、円筒状チップ4145に到達する前に流体接触チャンバー4125内で大きな液滴に分解することができる、噴霧ノズル410を示す。
図5は、噴霧ノズル505の一実施形態の、より詳細な図である。図5に示されるノズルは、図5で修正されるようにかつ本明細書に記述されるように、Spraying Systems Co.(Wheaton、IL)により製造された部品番号1/8JJN−SS+SUJ1A−SSから導き出される。図5の噴霧ノズル下方セクション510は、3種の流体をノズル505に導入するための3流体入力チャネルを提供する。第1の流体入力チャネルは、噴霧ノズル下方セクション510内を実質的に下向きに延びかつ流体接触チャンバー5125内に延びる、中心長手方向チャネル5114である。いくつかの実施形態では、第2の流体入力チャネルが緩衝入力チャネル5128であり、第3の流体入力チャネルがガス入力チャネル5130である。
図6は、図5のデバイスの個々の構成要素の、分解組立概略図605である。
本出願の実施形態は、蒸発装置または蒸発サブシステムを含む、製剤を製造するためのシステム、このシステムを使用するプロセス、およびこのプロセスによって作製された大直径合成膜小胞生成物である。蒸発装置の例は、図7に示され本明細書に記述される、溶媒除去容器である。図7は、溶媒除去容器710の概略図を示す。いくつかの実施形態では、噴霧液滴7155を、この噴霧液滴7155から溶媒を除去するために溶媒除去容器710内にスプレーすることができる。いくつかの実施形態では、溶媒除去容器710は、溶媒除去容器710の蓋7220に取着されかつ蓋7220内を延びる、上述の3流体噴霧ノズル7510を含むことができる。いくつかの実施形態では、噴霧ノズル7510の円筒状チップおよび輪状ガスオリフィスは、蓋7220の内縁と実質的に同一平面になるように構成することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、噴霧ノズル7510の円筒状チップおよび輪状ガスオリフィスは、蓋7220の内縁を越えて延びるように構成することができる。
いくつかの実施形態では、スプレー蒸発プロセスから得られる大直径合成膜小胞懸濁液には、大直径合成膜小胞を濃縮し緩衝溶液を除去するために、連続流粒子濃縮システム内で濾過および/または濃縮プロセスを任意選択で行ってもよい。一実施形態は、連続流粒子濃縮ユニット、ならびにそのように生成された大直径合成膜小胞粒子を濃縮および/または濾過するプロセスである。典型的な実施形態では、大直径合成膜小胞が多小胞リポソームである。粒子濃縮システムのその他の実施形態は、1つもしくは複数の液体サイクロンまたは1つもしくは複数の遠心分離機の使用を含む。液体サイクロンの例は、ChemIndustrial Systems,Inc.、Cedarburg、WIから入手可能なMinicycloneまたはMinicyclone Arrayである。分離板型遠心分離機の例は、GEA Westfalia Separator、Oelde、ドイツにより製造されたモデル番号Pathfinder SC1−06−177である。
図9Aは、噴霧液滴902および大直径合成膜小胞粒子912の断面図を示す。典型的な実施形態では、大直径合成膜小胞粒子912を、噴霧液滴902から有機溶媒を除去することによって形成することができる。典型的な実施形態では、噴霧液滴902は、第1の構成成分のコアと緩衝溶液シェル904とを含むことができる。いくつかの実施形態では、第1の構成成分のコアは、連続相908と、この連続相908に懸濁した液滴906の懸濁液とを含むことができる。いくつかの実施形態では、液滴906は、水相液滴とすることができ、有機溶媒とすることができる連続相908により取り囲むことができる。いくつかの実施形態では、水相液滴は、その直径を約10nmから約10μにすることができる。いくつかの実施形態では、水相液滴は、その直径を約500nmから約5μにすることができる。典型的な実施形態では、水相液滴は、その直径を約100nmから約2μにすることができる。例えば、水相液滴の平均直径は、約1μの直径とすることができる。いくつかの実施形態では、有機溶媒を溶媒除去チャンバーで除去して、デキストロース/リジン914のシェル内にある大直径合成膜小胞912の液滴を提供することができる。典型的な実施形態では、大直径合成膜小胞液滴912が多小胞リポソーム液滴である。多小胞リポソーム(MVL)は、その他の脂質ベースの薬物送達系とは一意的に異なる。位相的に、MVLは、各液滴912内にある、リポソームを含有する多重の非同心の房916と定義され、「フォーム様」マトリックスに似ている。MVLの房916は、図9Aに示されるように、第1の構成成分の粒子(例えば、1μ)と同じ体積を有することができる。MVL全体にわたり網状構造として分布された内膜が存在することにより、体積:脂質の高い比を維持したままの状態で、高い機械的強度を小胞に与えるよう働くことができる。このように、構造的にも機能的にも、MVLは普通ではなく、新規であり、その他全てのタイプのリポソームと区別される。
以下の内容は、図に示されるデバイスのプロセスパラメーターおよびステップを利用する実施例である。多小胞リポソームを形成するプロセスの一部として噴霧ノズル(図1Aおよび図1B、構成要素75;図3A、構成要素310;図7、構成要素7510)に適用された3種の流体は、リットル当たり下記の組成を有する。
窒素を、2つの溶媒除去容器ガス注入口ライン(図1A、構成要素115および110;図7、構成要素7280および7430)に通して溶媒除去容器(図1Aおよび図1B、構成要素50;図7、構成要素710)に供給し、主キャリアガス注入口ライン(図1Aおよび図1Bの構成要素115;図7の構成要素7280)または主回転噴流は、容器壁面に対して接線方向を向きかつ容器底面から約40%上方にあり、上方から見ると時計回りの回転を引き起こし;蓋保護ガス注入口(図1Aおよび図1Bの構成要素110;図7の構成要素7430)または蓋保護噴流は、蓋(図7の構成要素7220)および容器壁面(図7の構成要素7350)の隅にあり、壁面に対して接線方向を向き、同じ回転方向(図7の構成要素7240)に移動した。これら注入口ラインに進入する窒素を、42℃および25psig(平方インチゲージ当たりのポンド数)で100%の相対湿度まで加湿した。主回転噴流は、加湿された窒素を42℃で335L/分供給し、一方、蓋保護噴流の流量は、加湿された窒素が42℃で25L/分であった(蓋保護噴流は、蓋に堆積物が蓄積されないようにする。)。窒素を、水(加湿水)で被覆された加熱済みチューブインシェル(tube−in−shell)熱交換器(構成要素90、図1Aおよび図1B)に通し、その後、過剰な液体水の除去チャンバー(構成要素45、図1Aおよび図1B)に通して液体を出すことにより、溶媒除去容器に進入する前に窒素を加湿した。窒素は、懸濁緩衝液の浸透圧重量モル濃度を上昇させる、懸濁緩衝液のスプレーからの水の蒸発を減少させるため、加湿した。
図7、構成要素300、および渦安定機 図7、構成要素7360を含む。)は、蓋から下の溶媒除去容器内に42.5cm延びる。ガス排出口チューブの直径は2.3cm(内径)であり、円錐継手は、ガス排出口オリフィス(図7、構成要素7310)に関して1.5cmの内径になるよう20度のテーパーが付けられた。円錐継手の端部に取着された渦安定機は、2.5cmの直径を有していた。主回転(キャリア)ガス注入口は、壁面に対して接線方向を向いており、蓋から下に37cmであり、1.9cmの内径を有していた。
高剪断ミキサー(図1Aおよび図1B、構成要素25、図2、構成要素2130)(ギャップリング#3の、14,400rpm動作用の3”直径X−5シリーズ回転子/固定子(11,300フィート/分、チップ速度)を備えたRoss型HSM−703XS−20 Sanitary Inline High Shear Mixer)に接続された再循環ループ(図2、構成要素2125)に対し、塩化メチレンでプライム処理を行って、全ての空気が高剪断ミキサーから確実に除去されるようにした。熱交換器(図1Aおよび図1B、構成要素30;図2、構成要素2170)のジャケットに、5℃の冷却剤(水+50%エチレングリコール)(図1A、構成要素96および97;図2、構成要素2110および2105)を供給した。水を充填したミキサー密封潤滑剤タンク(図1Aおよび図1B、構成要素10)も、5℃の冷却剤(水+50%エチレングリコール)で冷却した。ミキサーを30Hz(約7,200rpm)で始動させることにより、21,000mL/分および内容積280mLと推定された、ミキサーループを廻る流れが生じた。したがってループ内の流体は、平均して0.8秒ごとに、ミキサーブレードおよび熱交換器を通り抜けた。
(第1の構成成分の調製)
高剪断ミキサー(図1Aおよび図1B、構成要素25;図2、構成要素2130)(ギャップリング#3の、14,400rpm動作用の3”直径X−5シリーズ回転子/固定子(11,300フィート/分、チップ速度)を備えたRoss型HSM−703XS−20 Sanitary Inline High Shear Mixer)に接続された再循環ループに対し、塩化メチレンでプライム処理を行って、全ての空気が高剪断ミキサーから確実に除去されるようにした。熱交換器(図1Aおよび図1B、構成要素30;図2、構成要素2170)のジャケットに、5℃の冷却剤(水+50%エチレングリコール)を供給した。水を充填したミキサー密封潤滑剤タンクも、5℃の冷却剤(水+50%エチレングリコール)で冷却した。高剪断ミキサーを、25Hz(6,000rpm)、約30Hz(7,200rpm)、または35Hz(8,400rpm)の設定で始動させた。
v)1,2−ジエルコイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン;
vi)1,2−ジパルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホグリセロール; vii)トリカプリリン。
(MVL懸濁液の熱処理)
図1Bのシステムを、図1A、構成要素90に関して記述された電気加熱機およびチューブインシェル熱交換器の組合せにより供給された、加湿回転ガス(N2)を用いて使用した。システムを10分間平衡にし、溶媒除去容器50の排出ポート(図1B、構成要素130)から出て行くMVL懸濁液の1,000mlサンプルを収集した。MVLサンプルを、それぞれ500mlの2つのサンプルに分けた。第1の500ml MVLサンプルを、下記の通り熱処理した。熱処理は、100℃のデキストロース溶液750mlを第1のサンプルに素早く添加して混合物温度を約63℃まで上昇させることによって行った。30秒後、+5℃の生理食塩液1,750mlを素早く添加して、混合物の温度を室温付近(35℃以下)まで低下させた。サンプル体積はこのとき3,000mlであった。第2の500mlの多小胞リポソームサンプルは、熱処理しなかった。第2のサンプルを、第1のサンプルと同体積のデキストロース溶液(750ml)および生理食塩液(1,750ml)で希釈したが、溶液は室温であった。
(低下した第1の水性浸透圧重量モル濃度の作用)
先の実施例における第1の水溶液の浸透圧重量モル濃度は、300mOsm/kgよりも著しく高かった。MVL生成プロセス中に形成リン脂質膜を横断するブピバカインまたはリン酸または水の移送に、明らかにわかる損失がなかった場合、結果的に得られるMVLの内部の房には、その浸透圧重量モル濃度が最終生理食塩液(300mOsm/kg)保存懸濁媒体と同じかこの値付近にある水溶液が充填されることになる。一方、第1の水溶液および結果的に得られるMVLの浸透圧重量モル濃度が生理食塩液の場合よりも低い場合、MVLは、生理食塩液が内部の房から外に水を引き出すときに僅かに収縮することになる。これは、MVL膜を構成するリン脂質を圧縮することになり、より安定になって、ブピバカインの透過を少なくする。
(溶媒交換/濃縮)
図8、10、および11は、溶媒ライン(図1Aおよび図1B、構成要素120に見られる。)によって溶媒除去容器(図1Aおよび図1B、構成要素50に見られる。)からMVL懸濁液が供給される、例示的な連続緩衝液交換およびMVL濃縮システム(図1Aおよび図1B、構成要素70に見られる。)を示す。
連続的な手法では、構成要素8120、8100、8122、8123、8110、8190、8202、8160、8150、8140、8180、8131、8130、8212、および8170からなる図8の第1のステージは、初期の懸濁緩衝液を通常生理食塩液と交換することになる。
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