JP2012028792A - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012028792A JP2012028792A JP2011192229A JP2011192229A JP2012028792A JP 2012028792 A JP2012028792 A JP 2012028792A JP 2011192229 A JP2011192229 A JP 2011192229A JP 2011192229 A JP2011192229 A JP 2011192229A JP 2012028792 A JP2012028792 A JP 2012028792A
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- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004062 acenaphthenyl group Chemical group C1(CC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC1=C23)* 0.000 description 1
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthene Chemical group C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940083761 high-ceiling diuretics pyrazolone derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 1
- GPRIERYVMZVKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-quaterphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 GPRIERYVMZVKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005582 pentacene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JQQSUOJIMKJQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaphene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C=CC3=CC2=C1 JQQSUOJIMKJQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalazine Chemical group C1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004592 phthalazinyl group Chemical group C1(=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001388 picenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=C3C4=CC=C5C=CC=CC5=C4C=CC3=C21)* 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNKHTYQPVMAJSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyranthrene Chemical group C1=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC3=C(C=CC=C4)C4=CC4=CC=C1C2=C34 LNKHTYQPVMAJSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical class O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical group C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrylium Chemical compound C1=CC=[O+]C=C1 WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical class C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLJHXMRDIWMMGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 DLJHXMRDIWMMGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001022 rhodamine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001629 stilbenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、陽極と陰極との間に、少なくとも2層の発光層を有し、且つ、該2層の発光層の間に少なくとも1層の中間層を有し、該2層の発光層が、各々同一のホスト化合物Aと、互いに異なる発光ドーパントA、Bとを、各々含有し、且つ、該中間層が該ホスト化合物Aを含み、前記発光層がIrまたはPtの金属錯体を持つ発光ドーパントを含有する。該金属錯体はイミダゾリル基またはイミダゾリニル基で置換された芳香族基または同芳香族複素環基を配位子に有する錯体である。
【選択図】なし
Description
2.複数の発光層から複数の発光色を組み合わせる。
1.電圧(電流)によって、発光色がずれる
2.効率が理論限界に到達していない
3.中間層を設けることにより作製が煩雑となる
等の3点が上げられ、いずれも解決すべき問題として残されていた。
陽極と陰極との間に、少なくとも2層の発光層を有し、且つ、該2層の発光層の間に少なくとも1層の中間層を有し、
該2層の発光層が、各々同一のホスト化合物Aと、互いに異なる発光ドーパントA、Bとを、各々含有し、且つ、該中間層が該ホスト化合物Aを含む有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子であって、
前記発光層が下記一般式(A)〜(C)で表される部分構造の少なくとも1つを持つ発光ドーパントを含有していることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子が提供される。
陽極と陰極との間に、少なくとも2層の発光層を有し、且つ、該2層の発光層の間に少なくとも1層の中間層を有し、
該2層の発光層が、各々同一のホスト化合物Aと、互いに異なる発光ドーパントA、Bとを、各々含有し、且つ、該中間層が該ホスト化合物Aを含む有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法であって、
(i)透明基板上に前記陽極を形成する工程と、
(ii)前記透明基板上に前記発光層および前記中間層を形成する工程と、
(iii)前記透明基板上に前記陰極を形成する工程と、
を備え、
前記発光層および前記中間層を形成する工程では、
(iv)発光ドーパントA、Bをそれぞれ別々に装填した2つ以上の第1蒸着源と、ホスト化合物Aおよび中間層形成材料を装填した1つ以上の第2蒸着源とを、蒸着炉中の所定位置に配置する工程と、
(v)前記透明基板を前記第1蒸着源および前記第2蒸着源上で移動させながら、前記透明基板に対し、発光ドーパントA、Bならびにホスト化合物Aおよび中間層形成材料を蒸着させることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法が提供される。
(1) 陽極と陰極との間に、少なくとも2層の発光層を有し、且つ、該2層の発光層の間に少なくとも1層の中間層を有し、
該2層の発光層が、各々同一のホスト化合物Aと、互いに異なる発光ドーパントA、Bとを、各々含有し、且つ、該中間層が該ホスト化合物Aを含む有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子であって、
前記発光層が下記一般式(A)〜(C)で表される部分構造の少なくとも1つを持つ発光ドーパントを含有していることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(3) 前記発光ドーパントA、Bが共にリン光性化合物であることを特徴とする前記(1)に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(4) 前記中間層の膜厚が、発光ドーパントAと発光ドーパントB間のフェルスター距離よりも大きいことを特徴とする前記(1)〜(3)のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(5) 前記ホスト化合物Aが、カルバゾール誘導体であることを特徴とする前記(1)〜(4)のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(6) 前記ホスト化合物Aが、カルボリン誘導体またはジアザカルバゾール誘導体であることを特徴とする前記(1)〜(4)のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(7) 前記発光層の少なくとも1種類が、同一の発光ピークを示す、同種類の発光層を2層以上有することを特徴とする前記(1)〜(6)のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(8) 少なくとも2種の前記発光層が同種類の発光層を2層以上有することを特徴とする前記(1)〜(7)のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(9) 前記発光層が、少なくとも2種類の発光層A、Bから構成され、該発光層AまたはBは、少なくとも2層以上であり、且つ、前記発光層A、B、中間層は、各々交互に積層されていることを特徴とする前記(1)〜(8)のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(10) 前記発光層が、少なくとも3種類の発光層A、B、Cから構成され、該発光層A、B、Cの少なくともひとつは2層以上であり、且つ、周期的に積層されていることを特徴とする前記(1)〜(9)のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(11) 前記発光層と陰極との間に正孔阻止層を有し、該正孔阻止層の少なくとも1層が、該発光層に隣接する層として設けられていることを特徴とする前記(1)〜(10)のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(12) 前記発光層と陽極の間との間に電子阻止層を有し、且つ、該電子阻止層の少なくとも1層が該発光層に隣接する層として設けられていることを特徴とする前記(1)〜(11)のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(13) 発光が白色であることを特徴とする前記(1)〜(12)のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(15) 前記(1)〜(13)のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を有することを特徴とする照明装置。
該2層の発光層が、各々同一のホスト化合物Aと、互いに異なる発光ドーパントA、Bとを、各々含有し、且つ、該中間層が該ホスト化合物Aを含む有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法であって、
(i)透明基板上に前記陽極を形成する工程と、
(ii)前記透明基板上に前記発光層および前記中間層を形成する工程と、
(iii)前記透明基板上に前記陰極を形成する工程と、
を備え、
前記発光層および前記中間層を形成する工程では、
(iv)発光ドーパントA、Bをそれぞれ別々に装填した2つ以上の第1蒸着源と、ホスト化合物Aおよび中間層形成材料を装填した1つ以上の第2蒸着源とを、蒸着炉中の所定位置に配置する工程と、
(v)前記透明基板を前記第1蒸着源および前記第2蒸着源上で移動させながら、前記透明基板に対し、発光ドーパントA、Bならびにホスト化合物Aおよび中間層形成材料を蒸着させることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
本発明に係る発光層について説明する。
さらに、それらを挟み込むように正孔輸送層、電子輸送層を設けることが好ましい。正孔輸送層、電子輸送層は既知の材料を用いることが出来る。駆動電圧低下の面から伝導度の高い材料を用いることが好ましい。
ここで、本発明に係るフェルスター距離を数例のリン光性化合物について実測し、得られた結果を下記に示す。また、リン光性化合物の構造は後述する発光ドーパントのところで示す。
(発光ドーパントともいう)
Ir−12→Ir−9 2.3nm
Ir−12→Ir−1 1.8nm
Ir−13→Ir−1 2.4nm
Ir−1 →Ir−9 1.8nm
上記のフェルスター型エネルギー移動距離の測定方法は、『Principles of Fluorescence Spectrocsopy』Joseph R.Lakowicz著 Kluwer Academic Plenum Publishers記載の方法にて行った。
発光層中の主成分であるホスト化合物である発光ホストに対する発光ドーパントとの混合比は好ましくは質量で0.1質量%〜30質量%未満の範囲に調整することである。
発光ホスト(単にホストともいう)とは、2種以上の化合物で構成される発光層中にて混合比(質量)の最も多い化合物のことを意味し、それ以外の化合物については「ドーパント化合物(単に、ドーパントともいう)」という。例えば、発光層を化合物A、化合物Bという2種で構成し、その混合比がA:B=10:90であれば化合物Aがドーパント化合物であり、化合物Bがホスト化合物である。更に、発光層を化合物A、化合物B、化合物Cの3種から構成し、その混合比がA:B:C=5:10:85であれば、化合物A、化合物Bがドーパント化合物であり、化合物Cがホスト化合物である。
本発明に係る発光層の製造方法について説明する。
本発明に係る中間層について説明する。
本発明の有機EL素子の構成層について説明する。
《阻止層(電子阻止層、正孔阻止層)》
本発明に係る阻止層(例えば、電子阻止層、正孔阻止層)について説明する。
正孔阻止層とは広い意味では電子輸送層の機能を有し、電子を輸送する機能を有しつつ正孔を輸送する能力が著しく小さい材料からなり、電子を輸送しつつ正孔を阻止することで電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。
一方、電子阻止層とは広い意味では正孔輸送層の機能を有し、正孔を輸送する機能を有しつつ電子を輸送する能力が著しく小さい材料からなり、正孔を輸送しつつ電子を阻止することで電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。また、後述する正孔輸送層の構成を必要に応じて電子阻止層として用いることが出来る。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する材料を含み、広い意味で正孔注入層、電子阻止層も正孔輸送層に含まれる。正孔輸送層は単層もしくは複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、広い意味で電子注入層、正孔阻止層も電子輸送層に含まれる。電子輸送層は、単層もしくは複数層を設けることができる。
注入層は必要に応じて設け、電子注入層と正孔注入層があり、上記のごとく陽極と発光層または正孔輸送層の間、及び、陰極と発光層または電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。
本発明の有機EL素子に係る陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが好ましく用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としてはAu等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3−ZnO)等非晶質で透明導電膜を作製可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極は、これらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により、薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成してもよく、あるいはパターン精度をあまり必要としない場合は(100μm以上程度)、上記電極物質の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。この陽極より発光を取り出す場合には、透過率を10%より大きくすることが望ましく、また、陽極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。さらに膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10nm〜1000nm、好ましくは10nm〜200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
一方、本発明に係る陰極としては、仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム−カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子注入性及び酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えばマグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。陰極は、これらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により、薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、陰極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm〜1000nm、好ましくは50nm〜200nmの範囲で選ばれる。なお、発光を透過させるため、有機EL素子の陽極または陰極のいずれか一方が、透明または半透明であれば発光輝度が向上し好都合である。
本発明の有機EL素子に係る基体としては、ガラス、プラスチック等の種類には特に限定はなく、また、透明のものであれば特に制限はないが、好ましく用いられる基板としては例えばガラス、石英、光透過性樹脂フィルムを挙げることができる。特に好ましい基体は、有機EL素子にフレキシブル性を与えることが可能な樹脂フィルムである。
本発明の有機EL素子の作製方法の一例として、陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極からなる有機EL素子の作製法について説明する。
本発明の表示装置について説明する。
本発明の照明装置について説明する。
《有機EL素子1−1の作製》
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。この透明支持基板を市販の真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに固定した。但し、蒸着装置内の蒸着用るつぼの設定は図7に記載のように行い、具体的には、蒸着用ルツボ204aに発光ドーパントIr−12を、蒸着用るつぼ204bにIr−9をいれ、ホスト材料と中間層形成形成材料である、CDBPを蒸着用るつぼ204dに各々、素子作製に最適の量を装填した。ここで、蒸着用ルツボはモリブデン製抵抗加熱用材料で作製されたものを用いた。
《有機EL素子1−2〜1−14の作製》
有機EL素子1−1の作製において、発光層の構成(発光層と中間層構成)を表1、表2に記載のように変更した以外は同様にして、有機EL素子1−2〜1−14を各々作製した。
作製した各々の有機EL素子について、23℃、乾燥窒素ガス雰囲気下で2.5mA/cm2の一定電流を印加した時の外部取り出し量子効率(%)を測定した。尚、測定には分光放射輝度計CS−1000(ミノルタ製)を用いた。
色度のずれはCIE色度図において、100cd/m2輝度時の色度座標と5000cd/m2輝度時の色度座標のずれを表している。具体的には、23℃、乾燥窒素ガス雰囲気下でCS−1000(ミノルタ製)を用いて測定を行った。
《有機EL素子2−1〜2−12の作製》
有機EL素子1−1〜1−12のNPDをHTM1:F4−TCNQ3(97:3)共蒸着膜に変更し、Alq3をBPhen:Cs(1:1)共蒸着膜に変更し、LiFを蒸着しなかった以外、全く同様に有機EL素子2−1〜2−12を作製した。有機EL素子2−1〜2−12は有機EL素子1−1〜1−12に比べどれも駆動電圧が3〜6V低電圧化する事が確認された。
実施例1で作製した有機EL素子1−6の非発光面をガラス製封止缶で覆い、照明装置とした。照明装置は、発光効率が高く発光寿命の長い白色光を発する薄型の照明装置として使用することができた。図6は照明装置の概略図であり、(a)は平面概略図を、また、(b)は照明装置の概略断面図である。透明電極付きのガラス基板101上に設けられた有機EL層102をガラス製封止缶104で覆い、ガラス製封止缶の接着には紫外線硬化型接着剤107を用いた。103は陰極である。なおガラス製封止缶104内には窒素ガスが充填され、捕水剤105が設けられている。
B 制御部
1 ディスプレイ
3 画素
5 走査線
6 データ線
7 電源ライン
10 有機EL素子
11 スイッチングトランジスタ
12 駆動トランジスタ
13 コンデンサ
101 ガラス基板
102 有機EL層
103 陰極
104 ガラス製封止缶
105 捕水剤
107 紫外線硬化型接着剤
201 基板
202 シャッター
203 蒸着るつぼ
204a,204b,204c 発光ドーパント(装填用るつぼ)
204d ホスト材料及び中間層形成材料(装填用るつぼ)
205a,205b,205c 発光ドーパント
206a,206b ホスト材料及び中間層形成材料
Claims (2)
- 陽極と陰極との間に、少なくとも2層の発光層を有し、且つ、該2層の発光層の間に少なくとも1層の中間層を有し、
該2層の発光層が、各々同一のホスト化合物Aと、互いに異なる発光ドーパントA、Bとを、各々含有し、且つ、該中間層が該ホスト化合物Aを含む有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子であって、
前記発光層が下記一般式(A)〜(C)で表される部分構造の少なくとも1つを持つ発光ドーパントを含有していることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 陽極と陰極との間に、少なくとも2層の発光層を有し、且つ、該2層の発光層の間に少なくとも1層の中間層を有し、
該2層の発光層が、各々同一のホスト化合物Aと、互いに異なる発光ドーパントA、Bとを、各々含有し、且つ、該中間層が該ホスト化合物Aを含む有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法であって、
(i)透明基板上に前記陽極を形成する工程と、
(ii)前記透明基板上に前記発光層および前記中間層を形成する工程と、
(iii)前記透明基板上に前記陰極を形成する工程と、
を備え、
前記発光層および前記中間層を形成する工程では、
(iv)発光ドーパントA、Bをそれぞれ別々に装填した2つ以上の第1蒸着源と、ホスト化合物Aおよび中間層形成材料を装填した1つ以上の第2蒸着源とを、蒸着炉中の所定位置に配置する工程と、
(v)前記透明基板を前記第1蒸着源および前記第2蒸着源上で移動させながら、前記透明基板に対し、発光ドーパントA、Bならびにホスト化合物Aおよび中間層形成材料を蒸着させることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1784056A1 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
US7897421B2 (en) | 2011-03-01 |
WO2006009024A1 (ja) | 2006-01-26 |
JP4858169B2 (ja) | 2012-01-18 |
EP2178348A3 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
EP1784056A4 (en) | 2009-04-22 |
EP2271183A2 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
JPWO2006009024A1 (ja) | 2008-05-01 |
US20070200124A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
EP2271183B1 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
EP2178348B1 (en) | 2012-11-21 |
US7504657B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 |
EP1784056B1 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
EP2178348A2 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
US20090092743A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
EP2271183A3 (en) | 2011-02-16 |
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